Podcasts about MCTS

This Teamcast episode is brought to you by Harry Moffitt, MCTI Director for Australia and New Zealand. During the last NFL season, Harry had the opportunity to speak with Will Greenberg, the Buffalo Bills' Head of Performance and Strength and Conditioning (S&C). Will is a wonderful human being and a great friend of the MCTI community. He describes his journey through baseball, his passion for S&C, and the positions he held prior to the Bills, from West Point to Utah State.Will has a human-centered approach to human performance. This refreshing perspective is emerging across the field and counters the approach that can overweight outcomes and treat humans as resources to be deployed for wins, profit, and utilization. Listen to Harry & Will discuss programming now and how it might be decentralized, more multidisciplinary, and less wedded to the scientists in the future. They also cover how science and scientists, though critical to the operator, should always aid a good program, never control it, and the importance of ‘struggle' in the gym, and the concept of flow, although not as something we must conjure up, but rather as something we are always in and must fight to return to consistently. They explore the role (and reemergence) of philosophical conditioning in humans and its implications for performance as Will shares a fantastic story of "The Philosophy Booth".In a tough industry – to insiders, NFL stands for Not For Long – Will provides a uniquely relaxed perspective, with many implications for MCTs.

MCTS' apprenticeship program for aspiring bus operators and mechanics. How Wisconsin's U.S. Senators are reacting to President Trump's budget bill. The Ojibwe language version of Star Wars: A New Hope.

The Milwaukee County Transit System recently launched an apprenticeship program to train new mechanics and bus drivers. It comes at a time when ridership is up and the state is promoting paid training.

In this episode, my guest is Dr. Mary Newport — physician, author, and Alzheimer's expert. We talk about how nutrition impacts Alzheimer's, focusing on coconut oil, MCT oil, the ketogenic and Mediterranean diets, and the dangers of sugar and refined carbohydrates.We also cover lifestyle factors that may contribute to Alzheimer's — and how addressing them can help prevent the disease and improve the lives of those affected.This conversation blends science and personal stories to help you protect your brain, with or without Alzheimer's. Connect and Learn More

In this episode, Ben breaks down a simple 7-day breakfast protocol designed to reduce visceral fat, balance insulin and cortisol, and jumpstart fat-burning metabolism—without counting calories or relying on willpower. These strategic breakfasts are quick, satisfying, and loaded with nutrients to keep blood sugar stable and energy levels high. You'll learn how to fuel your body to: ✅ Reduce inflammation ✅ Improve liver function ✅ Boost satiety and fat oxidation ✅ Balance cortisol and insulin ✅ Tap into stored fat for fuel—even while fasting Whether you're new to metabolic flexibility or stuck on a plateau, this episode provides a simple plan to reboot your morning routine and burn more fat by lunchtime.

Cooking oils are fundamental to culinary practices worldwide, bringing unique flavor, texture, and nutritional profile. The variety of cooking oils available today is vast, ranging from traditional options like olive oil and butter to more modern choices like avocado and coconut oil. One of the most widely recognized cooking oils is olive oil, particularly extra virgin olive oil. This oil is appreciated for its rich flavor and high monounsaturated fats, which are popular and support heart health by reducing harmful cholesterol levels. Olive oil is ideal for salad dressings, low to medium-heat cooking, and drizzling over finished dishes. However, its low smoke point makes it less suitable for high-heat methods like deep-frying. In contrast, refined olive oil has a higher smoke point and can handle more heat, though it lacks the robust flavor of its extra virgin counterpart. Another popular oil is coconut oil, which has gained a reputation for its unique composition of medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs). The body metabolizes these fats differently, potentially providing a quick energy source. Coconut oil is solid at room temperature and has a distinct tropical flavor, making it a favorite in baking and sautéing. However, its high saturated fat content has sparked debate among health experts, with some cautioning against excessive consumption due to potential links to increased cholesterol levels.Oils with high smoke points are essential for high-heat cooking methods like frying. With its mild flavor and impressive smoke point, Avocado oil is an excellent choice for searing, grilling, and roasting. It is also rich in monounsaturated fats and vitamin E, contributing to its heart-healthy profile. Similarly, peanut oil, commonly used in Asian cuisine, is another high-smoke-point oil that adds a nutty flavor to stir-fries and deep-fried dishes. Its stability at high temperatures makes it a reliable option for frying.Canola oil, derived from rapeseed, is another versatile option with a neutral taste and a moderate smoke point. It is low in saturated fat and contains a precious balance of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids, making it a heart-healthy choice for baking, sautéing, and frying. Conversely, butter and ghee (clarified butter) are cherished for their rich, creamy flavors. Butter is a world staple in baking and other applications and adds depth to sauces and sautéed dishes, but its high saturated fat content should be used in moderation. With its lactose and casein removed, Ghee has a higher smoke point and is suitable for higher-heat cooking. It is also a key ingredient in many traditional Indian dishes.Seed oils, such as sunflower, safflower, and grapeseed oil, are often praised for their light flavors and high smoke points. These oils are typically high in polyunsaturated fats, particularly omega-6 fatty acids. Moderation in use and consumption is key when incorporating these oils into your diet. More importantly, continue to document yourself for better options.Health considerations are paramount when choosing cooking oils. Oils high in unsaturated fats, such as olive, avocado, and canola oil, are generally considered healthier due to their potential to improve cholesterol levels and drastically reduce The risk of heart disease. Trans fats, primarily found in partially hydrogenated oils, are particularly harmful and should be avoided altogether. They are linked to increased risks of heart disease and other chronic conditions. In addition to health, the environmental impact of oil production is an essential factor to consider. Palm oil, for instance, is widely used in processed foods and has a high smoke point, but its selection and production are often associated with deforestation and habitat destruction. Opting for sustainably sourced palm oil or alternative oils can help mitigate these tragic environmental concerns.Read the Complete text here.

This episode is brought to you by Strong Coffee Company, State & Liberty and Caldera Lab. What happens when the leadership ethos of Navy SEALs meets the challenges of the modern workplace? This episode unpacks that intersection, delving into the traits that separate effective leaders from mere managers with retired Navy SEAL Robert Roy. We unravel how trust and integrity serve as a leader's foundational blocks and why high performers can falter if promoted without proper guidance. Rob examines the dangers of misplaced trust in business decisions and the pitfalls of promoting based on tenure. ----- Episode resources: Save 15% on the best men's skin care line with code EVERFORWARD at https://www.CalderaLab.com/everforward  Save 15% on organic coffee with collagen and MCTs with code CHASE at https://www.StrongCoffeeCompany.com  Save 15% on menswear that actually fits with code EVERFORWARD at https://www.StateAndLiberty.com  Learn more about Rob

In dieser Folge sprechen wir über das umstrittene Kokosöl. Ist es ein Superfood oder ein Gesundheitsrisiko? Wir betrachten das Thema aus drei Perspektiven: der Ernährungswissenschaft, der Naturheilkunde und dem Ayurveda. Welche Vorteile bietet Kokosöl wirklich, und gibt es gesundheitliche Risiken? Erfahre mehr über gesättigte Fettsäuren, MCTs und die besten Einsatzmöglichkeiten von Kokosöl in deiner Ernährung und Pflege. Werbung: Mit dem Code „TASTYKATY“ erhaltet ihr 5% auf eure Bestellung bei KoRo: https://www.korodrogerie.de/bio-kokosoel-1-l Hier geht's zu Inner Sparkle: https://www.innersparkle.de Mein Darmgesundheits-Buch: https://amzn.to/3trTpq1 Mein 2. Buch „Vegan Ayurveda“ bestellen: http://tastykaty.de/a-vegan-ayurveda Mein 1. Buch „Modern Ayurveda“: https://amzn.to/2NhqgqU

In this episode of Everyday Health Stories, Dr. Kota Reddy joins Anna to uncover the incredible benefits of MCT oil and how it can help you achieve ketosis faster for improved energy, fat burning, and mental clarity. Together, they break down the science of medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs), their unique ability to produce clean-burning ketones, and their role in reducing oxidative stress and protecting mitochondria. The episode also explores real-world insights from the Tokelawans' traditional diet, compares MCT oil to fasting, and provides practical tips for incorporating it into your daily routine. Whether you're looking to boost focus, enhance metabolic health, or simplify your wellness journey, this episode has everything you need to know about MCT oil.

What if I told you that right now, inside every cell of your body, there's a 2-billion-year-old battle being fought that could be the key to your energy, mental clarity, and overall health? In this groundbreaking conversation with biohacking pioneer Dave Asprey, we uncover the fascinating connection between toxic mold exposure and mitochondrial function that's revolutionizing our understanding of human performance. The reality is 90% of chronic fatigue cases trace back to toxic mold exposure. Understanding this ancient cellular battle could be the key to unlocking your peak performance! Gain exclusive access to Gary Brecka's proven wellness protocols, designed to empower you with peak health, vitality, & mental clarity: https://bit.ly/4ai0Xwg Pre-order Dave Asprey's book, “Heavily Meditated,” here: https://amzn.to/3E1yDm5 Get Dave Asprey's books, “Smarter Not Harder,” “Fast This Way,” et al. here: https://theultimatehuman.com/book-recs Listen to "The Human Upgrade with Dave Asprey": Spotify: ⁠https://spoti.fi/3CgdAvn⁠ Apple Podcasts: ⁠https://apple.co/4hk9PUw⁠ Connect with Dave Asprey: Website: ⁠https://bit.ly/4hlfyti⁠ YouTube: ⁠https://bit.ly/3E3Aaba⁠ Instagram: ⁠https://bit.ly/3PNsgFe⁠ TikTok: ⁠https://bit.ly/3Wr8Iuk⁠ Facebook: ⁠https://bit.ly/3Wqc6Wa⁠ X.com: ⁠https://bit.ly/3WtQMiB⁠ Thank you to our partners: ECHO GO+ HYDROGEN WATER BOTTLE - https://bit.ly/3xG0Pb8 BODY HEALTH - USE CODE “ULTIMATE20” FOR 20% OFF: http://bit.ly/4e5IjsV BAJA GOLD - USE CODE "ULTIMATE10" FOR 10% OFF: https://bit.ly/3WSBqUa EIGHT SLEEP - SAVE $350 ON THE POD 4 ULTRA WITH CODE “GARY”: https://bit.ly/3WkLd6E STRENGTH TRAINING EQUIPMENT - THE ULTIMATE HUMAN: https://bit.ly/3zYwtSl COLD LIFE - THE ULTIMATE HUMAN PLUNGE: https://bit.ly/4eULUKp WHOOP - GET 1 FREE MONTH WHEN YOU JOIN!: https://bit.ly/3VQ0nzW MASA CHIPS - GET 20% OFF YOUR FIRST $50+ ORDER: https://bit.ly/40LVY4y PARKER PASTURES - PREMIUM GRASS-FED MEATS: https://bit.ly/4hHcbhc AION - USE CODE “ULTIMATE10” FOR 10% OFF: https://bit.ly/4h6KHAD VANDY - USE CODE “ULTIMATE20” FOR 20% OFF: https://bit.ly/49Qr7WE HAPBEE - FEEL BETTER & PERFORM AT YOUR BEST: https://bit.ly/4a6glfo Connect with Gary Brecka: Instagram: https://bit.ly/3RPpnFs YouTube: https://bit.ly/3RPQYX8 TikTok: https://bit.ly/4coJ8fo X.com: https://bit.ly/3Opc8tf Facebook: https://bit.ly/464VA1H Website: https://bit.ly/4eLDbdU Merch: https://bit.ly/4aBpOM1 Newsletter: https://bit.ly/47ejrws Ask Gary: https://bit.ly/3PEAJuG Timestamps: 00:00 Intro of Show 04:11 Sense of Purpose and Community for Human Life Extension 06:28 Impact of Spirituality  09:52 Human Body as a Quantum System 18:36 New Book: Heavily Meditated 18:57 Dave's Experience in Mastering Biohacking and Longevity 22:20 Happiness vs. Safety 30:12 Mitochondria and Feeling of Safety 31:30 MCTs and Fats in Your Coffee 43:45 Psychedelic Mushrooms vs. Medicinal Mushrooms 47:15 Toxins in Coffee 54:13 Living in an Environment with Toxic Mold  1:01:23 Mycotoxin Test for Mold Toxins Inside Your Body 1:04:58 Big Pharma Earning Millions of Dollars a Year for Poisoning Cows with Mold Toxins 1:06:35 Ways to Combat Mold Toxins in Our Body 1:22:15 Resetting Circadian Rhythm 1:33:09 Final Question: What does it mean to you to be an “Ultimate Human?” The Ultimate Human with Gary Brecka Podcast is for general informational purposes only and does not constitute the practice of medicine, nursing or other professional health care services, including the giving of medical advice, and no doctor/patient relationship is formed. The use of information on this podcast or materials linked from this podcast is at the user's own risk. The Content of this podcast is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Users should not disregard or delay in obtaining medical advice for any medical condition they may have and should seek the assistance of their health care professionals for any such conditions. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Hey everyone, Alex here

This episode is brought to you by www.thebikeaffair.com If you are in search of a one-stop destination that caters to all your cycling needs, our today's sponsor, The Bike Affair, is the perfect place to check out! With over 14 years of experience, The Bike Affair has established itself as a trusted source offering honest advice and exceptional service. They are offering a special treat for the listeners of this podcast. You can enjoy a 10% discount on your first order by using the code 'BIKEYVENKY' on their website.  Visit their bike store in Hyderabad or shop online by using the link www.thebikeaffair.com     In this episode I talk to an excellent sports nutritionist, Geetha Ghaliyavar. Geetha is a sports nutritionist and a high performance dietitian who is certified in Sports nutrition from International Olympic Committee. She is also a certified diabetes educator, IBS expert and a lecturer for SWAYAM, IIT - Madras, Sports Authority of India and conducts nutrition certification programs as a guest faculty and lecturer for colleges and universities. She has the distinction of working with athletes from Olympic level, Paralympians, elite professional to recreational athletes helping them with their sports performance through nutrition. In this episode we cover various topics related to sports nutrition including what supplements work, what don't, various misconceptions and myths related to nutrition, what causes cramps, how to avoid them, does fasted training help, how to get heat acclimatized and a whole lot of other topics. It was a really insightful conversation with an expert with years of experience on the subject of sports nutrition. I got a lot of take aways from this conversation that I'm taking into the new year. I hope you do too.         0:00:00  Intro 0:05:30  Geetha's intro and qualifications 0:08:45  Cyclists and bone health, importance of Vitamin D, strength training 0:17:00  Difference between nutritionist and a dietician   0:20:30  HBA1C, Diabetes and how sports supplements 0:29:45  Fats, Omega 6 vs Omega 3, MUFA, Cold Pressed oils   0:31:25  Dental health, Cavities, Water chasing 0:34:50  MCTs, Multiple Carbohydrate transporters, how to take on more carbs 0:39:20  Training the gut for more carbs, 0:44:40  carb loading the correct way 0:49:30  Heat acclimatization, training dehydrated, tender coconut water good? 0:55:30  Effective sports supplements, Creatine, sodium bicarbonate, nitrates,    1:11:45  Muscle preservation, avoiding sarcopenia, Protein consumption   1:22:20  Differences between male and female athletes and supplements, fasted workouts 1:30:20  Dealing with cramps 1:36:00  Importance of sleep, omega3 to omega6 ratio, sleep hygiene 1:42:45  Nutritional gaps and bridging them, everything in balance 1:50:10  Closing             About the Podcast The working athlete podcast is a podcast with and for working athletes from all walks of life and various sports. The goal is to provide inspiration, training tips, mental hacks, time management and life-style advice through conversations with some of the best in sport, from athletes to coaches. If you think you can benefit from this, please consider subscribing so that you don't miss the weekly episodes in future. Who is a working athlete? Someone working fulltime/part-time, entrepreneur or anyone who has to work to make ends meet and doesn't let being busy to stop him/her from pursuing an active lifestyle is a working athlete. I consider stay at home moms/dads who pursue a sport, as working athletes because homemaking is a full-time job. If you like this, share with friends who could be interested. For the visually inclined, a video version of the podcast can be found here: YouTube Other Places you'll find the podcast on: Anchor | RSS | Apple Podcasts | Spotify | Google podcasts | Pocket Casts | Radio Public | Breaker 

Have we finally discovered the key to youthful energy, longevity, and cellular health? In this episode, Dave Asprey sits down with Dr. Anurag Singh, Chief Medical Officer at Timeline Nutrition and a leading expert on mitochondrial health, cellular regeneration, and anti-aging science. With over 20 years of research, 50 clinical trials, and 15 patents under his belt, Dr. Singh unpacks the groundbreaking science behind Urolithin A, a revolutionary postbiotic that boosts mitochondrial function, enhances immune system resilience, and combats chronic inflammation. This episode goes beyond cutting-edge science. Dr. Singh reveals practical, real-world strategies to combat “inflammaging”—the chronic, low-grade inflammation that accelerates aging. Learn how fasting, gut health, and mitochondrial boosters like Urolithin A can rejuvenate your cells, fight fatigue, and supercharge your energy, vitality, and longevity. Here's what you'll learn in this episode: • What Urolithin A is and its role in mitochondrial health and cellular energy production • How to reverse “inflammaging” and reduce inflammation through nutrition, fasting, and biohacking • The connection between mitochondrial dysfunction and immune system aging • Real-life benefits of Urolithin A for energy levels, athletic recovery, skin health, and longevity • Why mitochondrial support is critical for combating aging and improving overall performance Resources: • 2025 Biohacking Conference – https://biohackingconference.com/2025 • Timeline Nutrition - https://www.timeline.com/dave to get 10% off your first order • Timeline Instagram – https://www.instagram.com/timeline_longevity/ • Dave Asprey's Website – https://daveasprey.com • Dave Asprey's Book: Smarter Not Harder – https://daveasprey.com/books • Danger Coffee – https://dangercoffee.com • Danger Coffee Instagram – https://www.instagram.com/dangercoffeeofficial/ • Dave Asprey's Linktree – https://linktr.ee/daveasprey • Upgrade Collective: Join The Human Upgrade Podcast Live – https://www.ourupgradecollective.com • Own an Upgrade Labs – https://ownanupgradelabs.com • Upgrade Labs – https://upgradelabs.com • 40 Years of Zen – Neurofeedback training for advanced cognitive enhancement – https://40yearsofzen.com Timestamps: • 00:00 Introduction to Longevity and Mitochondria • 01:28 The Role of Mitochondria in Immune Health • 03:36 Understanding Inflammaging and Immune Aging • 07:47 Measuring Immune Health and Inflammation • 13:33 Urolithin A: A Mitochondrial Booster • 16:46 Dosage and Effects of Urolithin A • 26:11 Urolithin A and Exercise Performance • 28:31 Urolithin A for Skin Health • 31:34 Collagen and Aging: The Role of MMPs • 33:27 Personal Experience with MMPs and Recovery • 35:04 Measuring MMPs and Their Impact on Longevity • 36:18 Skin Health and Urolithin A • 38:39 Exploring Urolithin A's Broader Benefits • 40:33 Brain Health and Urolithin A • 43:33 Combining Supplements for Optimal Health • 45:54 Omega-3s and Mitochondrial Health • 46:51 Ketones, MCTs, and Urolithin A • 54:30 Final Thoughts on MitoPure and Supplementation See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

Understanding Fat Oxidation and How to Improve It for Endurance Athletes In this episode, we dive into the critical role of fat oxidation for endurance athletes and explore practical strategies to enhance it. We also feature insights from Dr. Dan Plews of ENDURE IQ, a renowned expert in sports science and endurance training. What is Fat Oxidation? Fat oxidation is the process by which the body breaks down fats for energy. For endurance athletes, improving fat oxidation is crucial as it allows the body to rely on fat for fuel during prolonged exercise, sparing glycogen and enhancing performance. Key Points on Improving Fat Oxidation: Train at the Right Intensity: Incorporate low-intensity sessions (zone 2 peak fat max) to improve fat utilization. Increase Mitochondrial Density: Regular aerobic training boosts the body's ability to oxidize fat by increasing mitochondria in muscle cells. Utilize Specific Fueling Strategies: Experiment with fat-based fuels like medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs) to promote fat metabolism during training. Periodization of Training: Combine high-intensity and low-intensity sessions to improve metabolic flexibility. Nutrition Adjustments: Focus on a balanced diet that promotes fat metabolism, with adequate healthy fats and nutrient-dense foods. Hydration and Electrolyte Balance: Maintain proper hydration and electrolyte levels to support metabolic functions, including fat oxidation. Monitor and Adjust: Use metabolic testing to track fat oxidation rates and adjust training and nutrition based on performance data. Dr. Dan Plews & ENDURE IQ's Approach to Fat Adaptation: Dr. Plews highlights the importance of structured training and nutrition strategies to optimize fat oxidation. The ENDURE IQ 101 course includes phases like: Fat Oxidation Base Training  Incorporating fat-burning intervals Fueling experiments  Monitoring performance with tools like metabolic testing By focusing on individualized approaches and periodized training, athletes can enhance fat oxidation, metabolic flexibility, and overall endurance performance. Mentioned in This Episode: Dr. Dan Plews, researcher and coach at ENDURE IQ ENDURE IQ 101 Course for improving fat oxidation and fat adaptation in endurance athletes Listen to the full episode for a deep dive into the science behind fat oxidation and actionable tips to fuel your next race!  Check out the YouTube Channel for many videos on how to fuel and train as an endurance athlete here.

In this episode with repeat guest Joel Greene, you'll get to explore a unique dietary pattern inspired by nature's rhythms—foraging, fasting, and feasting. Joel introduces a powerful two-day cycle that mirrors ancient eating habits, alternating between foraging and an "amplified fast" to optimize body renewal. Along the way, you'll discover how this method boosts GLP-1 for appetite control and balances nutrient intake with smart food pairings. Plus, Joel shares tips on using pre-dinner shakes, resistant starches, and even cold plunges to enhance satiety, fitness, and overall health, while highlighting the crucial role of nitric oxide and a healthy microbiome. Joel is the creator of Veep Nutrition, the world's first commercially available program based on targeting gut communities to affect health and body composition. His system has been used by some of the nation's largest employers, including major cities and hospitals and featured on Dr. Phil Show storylines. He is the author of The Immunity Code: The New Paradigm for Real Health and Radical Anti-Aging. Joel has devoted over 50 years to the pursuit of health, nutrition and anti-aging. He was training with intervals in the 1970s, taking MCTs in the late '80s, following keto in the early '90s, and targeting AMPK by 2009. At age 55, he is a 100 percent natural athlete and uses no ergogenic aids while working out (on average once per week) and eats whatever whenever. Get ready for a rich and informative episode that rethinks modern dietary practices by embracing ancestral wisdom and cutting-edge science. Whether you're interested in diet hacks, longevity, or groundbreaking nutrition insights, you won't want to miss this episode! Full Show notes: https://bengreenfieldlife.com/immunitycode Episode Sponsors:  BioStack Labs: Visit Biostack.com/ben and save 19% when you buy a 3 month supply of NAD Regen! Aires Tech: Aires Tech is offering a 30% discount to all Ben Greenfield Life listeners at airestech.com/ben by using code BEN30. Organifi Shilajit Gummies: Get them now for 20% off at organifi.com/Ben. Vivobarefoot: You can purchase yours today with an exclusive 20% discount for my listeners by going to vivobarefoot.com/bengreenfield and using code BENG20. Pendulum: Get 20% off your first month of any Pendulum probiotic with code GREENFIELD at PendulumLife.com/Greenfield.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

OpenAI DevDay is almost here! Per tradition, we are hosting a DevDay pregame event for everyone coming to town! Join us with demos and gossip!Also sign up for related events across San Francisco: the AI DevTools Night, the xAI open house, the Replicate art show, the DevDay Watch Party (for non-attendees), Hack Night with OpenAI at Cloudflare. For everyone else, join the Latent Space Discord for our online watch party and find fellow AI Engineers in your city.OpenAI's recent o1 release (and Reflection 70b debacle) has reignited broad interest in agentic general reasoning and tree search methods.While we have covered some of the self-taught reasoning literature on the Latent Space Paper Club, it is notable that the Eric Zelikman ended up at xAI, whereas OpenAI's hiring of Noam Brown and now Shunyu suggests more interest in tool-using chain of thought/tree of thought/generator-verifier architectures for Level 3 Agents.We were more than delighted to learn that Shunyu is a fellow Latent Space enjoyer, and invited him back (after his first appearance on our NeurIPS 2023 pod) for a look through his academic career with Harrison Chase (one year after his first LS show).ReAct: Synergizing Reasoning and Acting in Language Modelspaper linkFollowing seminal Chain of Thought papers from Wei et al and Kojima et al, and reflecting on lessons from building the WebShop human ecommerce trajectory benchmark, Shunyu's first big hit, the ReAct paper showed that using LLMs to “generate both reasoning traces and task-specific actions in an interleaved manner” achieved remarkably greater performance (less hallucination/error propagation, higher ALFWorld/WebShop benchmark success) than CoT alone. In even better news, ReAct scales fabulously with finetuning:As a member of the elite Princeton NLP group, Shunyu was also a coauthor of the Reflexion paper, which we discuss in this pod.Tree of Thoughtspaper link hereShunyu's next major improvement on the CoT literature was Tree of Thoughts:Language models are increasingly being deployed for general problem solving across a wide range of tasks, but are still confined to token-level, left-to-right decision-making processes during inference. This means they can fall short in tasks that require exploration, strategic lookahead, or where initial decisions play a pivotal role…ToT allows LMs to perform deliberate decision making by considering multiple different reasoning paths and self-evaluating choices to decide the next course of action, as well as looking ahead or backtracking when necessary to make global choices.The beauty of ToT is it doesnt require pretraining with exotic methods like backspace tokens or other MCTS architectures. You can listen to Shunyu explain ToT in his own words on our NeurIPS pod, but also the ineffable Yannic Kilcher:Other WorkWe don't have the space to summarize the rest of Shunyu's work, you can listen to our pod with him now, and recommend the CoALA paper and his initial hit webinar with Harrison, today's guest cohost:as well as Shunyu's PhD Defense Lecture:as well as Shunyu's latest lecture covering a Brief History of LLM Agents:As usual, we are live on YouTube! Show Notes* Harrison Chase* LangChain, LangSmith, LangGraph* Shunyu Yao* Alec Radford* ReAct Paper* Hotpot QA* Tau Bench* WebShop* SWE-Agent* SWE-Bench* Trees of Thought* CoALA Paper* Related Episodes* Our Thomas Scialom (Meta) episode* Shunyu on our NeurIPS 2023 Best Papers episode* Harrison on our LangChain episode* Mentions* Sierra* Voyager* Jason Wei* Tavily* SERP API* ExaTimestamps* [00:00:00] Opening Song by Suno* [00:03:00] Introductions* [00:06:16] The ReAct paper* [00:12:09] Early applications of ReAct in LangChain* [00:17:15] Discussion of the Reflection paper* [00:22:35] Tree of Thoughts paper and search algorithms in language models* [00:27:21] SWE-Agent and SWE-Bench for coding benchmarks* [00:39:21] CoALA: Cognitive Architectures for Language Agents* [00:45:24] Agent-Computer Interfaces (ACI) and tool design for agents* [00:49:24] Designing frameworks for agents vs humans* [00:53:52] UX design for AI applications and agents* [00:59:53] Data and model improvements for agent capabilities* [01:19:10] TauBench* [01:23:09] Promising areas for AITranscriptAlessio [00:00:01]: Hey, everyone, welcome to the Latent Space podcast. This is Alessio, partner and CTO of Residence at Decibel Partners, and I'm joined by my co-host Swyx, founder of Small AI.Swyx [00:00:12]: Hey, and today we have a super special episode. I actually always wanted to take like a selfie and go like, you know, POV, you're about to revolutionize the world of agents because we have two of the most awesome hiring agents in the house. So first, we're going to welcome back Harrison Chase. Welcome. Excited to be here. What's new with you recently in sort of like the 10, 20 second recap?Harrison [00:00:34]: Linkchain, Linksmith, Lingraph, pushing on all of them. Lots of cool stuff related to a lot of the stuff that we're going to talk about today, probably.Swyx [00:00:42]: Yeah.Alessio [00:00:43]: We'll mention it in there. And the Celtics won the title.Swyx [00:00:45]: And the Celtics won the title. You got that going on for you. I don't know. Is that like floorball? Handball? Baseball? Basketball.Alessio [00:00:52]: Basketball, basketball.Harrison [00:00:53]: Patriots aren't looking good though, so that's...Swyx [00:00:56]: And then Xun Yu, you've also been on the pod, but only in like a sort of oral paper presentation capacity. But welcome officially to the LinkedSpace pod.Shunyu [00:01:03]: Yeah, I've been a huge fan. So thanks for the invitation. Thanks.Swyx [00:01:07]: Well, it's an honor to have you on. You're one of like, you're maybe the first PhD thesis defense I've ever watched in like this AI world, because most people just publish single papers, but every paper of yours is a banger. So congrats.Shunyu [00:01:22]: Thanks.Swyx [00:01:24]: Yeah, maybe we'll just kick it off with, you know, what was your journey into using language models for agents? I like that your thesis advisor, I didn't catch his name, but he was like, you know... Karthik. Yeah. It's like, this guy just wanted to use language models and it was such a controversial pick at the time. Right.Shunyu [00:01:39]: The full story is that in undergrad, I did some computer vision research and that's how I got into AI. But at the time, I feel like, you know, you're just composing all the GAN or 3D perception or whatever together and it's not exciting anymore. And one day I just see this transformer paper and that's really cool. But I really got into language model only when I entered my PhD and met my advisor Karthik. So he was actually the second author of GPT-1 when he was like a visiting scientist at OpenAI. With Alec Redford?Swyx [00:02:10]: Yes.Shunyu [00:02:11]: Wow. That's what he told me. It's like back in OpenAI, they did this GPT-1 together and Ilya just said, Karthik, you should stay because we just solved the language. But apparently Karthik is not fully convinced. So he went to Princeton, started his professorship and I'm really grateful. So he accepted me as a student, even though I have no prior knowledge in NLP. And you know, we just met for the first time and he's like, you know, what do you want to do? And I'm like, you know, you have done those test game scenes. That's really cool. I wonder if we can just redo them with language models. And that's how the whole journey began. Awesome.Alessio [00:02:46]: So GPT-2 was out at the time? Yes, that was 2019.Shunyu [00:02:48]: Yeah.Alessio [00:02:49]: Way too dangerous to release. And then I guess the first work of yours that I came across was React, which was a big part of your defense. But also Harrison, when you came on The Pockets last year, you said that was one of the first papers that you saw when you were getting inspired for BlankChain. So maybe give a recap of why you thought it was cool, because you were already working in AI and machine learning. And then, yeah, you can kind of like intro the paper formally. What was that interesting to you specifically?Harrison [00:03:16]: Yeah, I mean, I think the interesting part was using these language models to interact with the outside world in some form. And I think in the paper, you mostly deal with Wikipedia. And I think there's some other data sets as well. But the outside world is the outside world. And so interacting with things that weren't present in the LLM and APIs and calling into them and thinking about the React reasoning and acting and kind of like combining those together and getting better results. I'd been playing around with LLMs, been talking with people who were playing around with LLMs. People were trying to get LLMs to call into APIs, do things, and it was always, how can they do it more reliably and better? And so this paper was basically a step in that direction. And I think really interesting and also really general as well. Like I think that's part of the appeal is just how general and simple in a good way, I think the idea was. So that it was really appealing for all those reasons.Shunyu [00:04:07]: Simple is always good. Yeah.Alessio [00:04:09]: Do you have a favorite part? Because I have one favorite part from your PhD defense, which I didn't understand when I read the paper, but you said something along the lines, React doesn't change the outside or the environment, but it does change the insight through the context, putting more things in the context. You're not actually changing any of the tools around you to work for you, but you're changing how the model thinks. And I think that was like a very profound thing when I, not that I've been using these tools for like 18 months. I'm like, I understand what you meant, but like to say that at the time you did the PhD defense was not trivial. Yeah.Shunyu [00:04:41]: Another way to put it is like thinking can be an extra tool that's useful.Alessio [00:04:47]: Makes sense. Checks out.Swyx [00:04:49]: Who would have thought? I think it's also more controversial within his world because everyone was trying to use RL for agents. And this is like the first kind of zero gradient type approach. Yeah.Shunyu [00:05:01]: I think the bigger kind of historical context is that we have this two big branches of AI. So if you think about RL, right, that's pretty much the equivalent of agent at a time. And it's like agent is equivalent to reinforcement learning and reinforcement learning is equivalent to whatever game environment they're using, right? Atari game or go or whatever. So you have like a pretty much, you know, you have a biased kind of like set of methodologies in terms of reinforcement learning and represents agents. On the other hand, I think NLP is like a historical kind of subject. It's not really into agents, right? It's more about reasoning. It's more about solving those concrete tasks. And if you look at SEL, right, like each task has its own track, right? Summarization has a track, question answering has a track. So I think really it's about rethinking agents in terms of what could be the new environments that we came to have is not just Atari games or whatever video games, but also those text games or language games. And also thinking about, could there be like a more general kind of methodology beyond just designing specific pipelines for each NLP task? That's like the bigger kind of context, I would say.Alessio [00:06:14]: Is there an inspiration spark moment that you remember or how did you come to this? We had Trida on the podcast and he mentioned he was really inspired working with like systems people to think about Flash Attention. What was your inspiration journey?Shunyu [00:06:27]: So actually before React, I spent the first two years of my PhD focusing on text-based games, or in other words, text adventure games. It's a very kind of small kind of research area and quite ad hoc, I would say. And there are like, I don't know, like 10 people working on that at the time. And have you guys heard of Zork 1, for example? So basically the idea is you have this game and you have text observations, like you see a monster, you see a dragon.Swyx [00:06:57]: You're eaten by a grue.Shunyu [00:06:58]: Yeah, you're eaten by a grue. And you have actions like kill the grue with a sword or whatever. And that's like a very typical setup of a text game. So I think one day after I've seen all the GPT-3 stuff, I just think about, you know, how can I solve the game? Like why those AI, you know, machine learning methods are pretty stupid, but we are pretty good at solving the game relatively, right? So for the context, the predominant method to solve this text game is obviously reinforcement learning. And the idea is you just try out an arrow in those games for like millions of steps and you kind of just overfit to the game. But there's no language understanding at all. And I'm like, why can't I solve the game better? And it's kind of like, because we think about the game, right? Like when we see this very complex text observation, like you see a grue and you might see a sword, you know, in the right of the room and you have to go through the wooden door to go to that room. You will think, you know, oh, I have to kill the monster and to kill that monster, I have to get the sword, I have to get the sword, I have to go, right? And this kind of thinking actually helps us kind of throw shots off the game. And it's like, why don't we also enable the text agents to think? And that's kind of the prototype of React. And I think that's actually very interesting because the prototype, I think, was around November of 2021. So that's even before like chain of thought or whatever came up. So we did a bunch of experiments in the text game, but it was not really working that well. Like those text games are just too hard. I think today it's still very hard. Like if you use GPD 4 to solve it, it's still very hard. So the change came when I started the internship in Google. And apparently Google care less about text game, they care more about what's more practical. So pretty much I just reapplied the idea, but to more practical kind of environments like Wikipedia or simpler text games like Alphard, and it just worked. It's kind of like you first have the idea and then you try to find the domains and the problems to demonstrate the idea, which is, I would say, different from most of the AI research, but it kind of worked out for me in that case.Swyx [00:09:09]: For Harrison, when you were implementing React, what were people applying React to in the early days?Harrison [00:09:14]: I think the first demo we did probably had like a calculator tool and a search tool. So like general things, we tried to make it pretty easy to write your own tools and plug in your own things. And so this is one of the things that we've seen in LangChain is people who build their own applications generally write their own tools. Like there are a few common ones. I'd say like the three common ones might be like a browser, a search tool, and a code interpreter. But then other than that-Swyx [00:09:37]: The LMS. Yep.Harrison [00:09:39]: Yeah, exactly. It matches up very nice with that. And we actually just redid like our integrations docs page, and if you go to the tool section, they like highlight those three, and then there's a bunch of like other ones. And there's such a long tail of other ones. But in practice, like when people go to production, they generally have their own tools or maybe one of those three, maybe some other ones, but like very, very few other ones. So yeah, I think the first demos was a search and a calculator one. And there's- What's the data set?Shunyu [00:10:04]: Hotpot QA.Harrison [00:10:05]: Yeah. Oh, so there's that one. And then there's like the celebrity one by the same author, I think.Swyx [00:10:09]: Olivier Wilde's boyfriend squared. Yeah. 0.23. Yeah. Right, right, right.Harrison [00:10:16]: I'm forgetting the name of the author, but there's-Swyx [00:10:17]: I was like, we're going to over-optimize for Olivier Wilde's boyfriend, and it's going to change next year or something.Harrison [00:10:21]: There's a few data sets kind of like in that vein that require multi-step kind of like reasoning and thinking. So one of the questions I actually had for you in this vein, like the React paper, there's a few things in there, or at least when I think of that, there's a few things that I think of. There's kind of like the specific prompting strategy. Then there's like this general idea of kind of like thinking and then taking an action. And then there's just even more general idea of just like taking actions in a loop. Today, like obviously language models have changed a lot. We have tool calling. The specific prompting strategy probably isn't used super heavily anymore. Would you say that like the concept of React is still used though? Or like do you think that tool calling and running tool calling in a loop, is that ReactSwyx [00:11:02]: in your mind?Shunyu [00:11:03]: I would say like it's like more implicitly used than explicitly used. To be fair, I think the contribution of React is actually twofold. So first is this idea of, you know, we should be able to use calls in a very general way. Like there should be a single kind of general method to handle interaction with various environments. I think React is the first paper to demonstrate the idea. But then I think later there are two form or whatever, and this becomes like a trivial idea. But I think at the time, that's like a pretty non-trivial thing. And I think the second contribution is this idea of what people call like inner monologue or thinking or reasoning or whatever, to be paired with tool use. I think that's still non-trivial because if you look at the default function calling or whatever, like there's no inner monologue. And in practice, that actually is important, especially if the tool that you use is pretty different from the training distribution of the language model. I think those are the two main things that are kind of inherited.Harrison [00:12:10]: On that note, I think OpenAI even recommended when you're doing tool calling, it's sometimes helpful to put a thought field in the tool, along with all the actual acquired arguments,Swyx [00:12:19]: and then have that one first.Harrison [00:12:20]: So it fills out that first, and they've shown that that's yielded better results. The reason I ask is just like this same concept is still alive, and I don't know whether to call it a React agent or not. I don't know what to call it. I think of it as React, like it's the same ideas that were in the paper, but it's obviously a very different implementation at this point in time. And so I just don't know what to call it.Shunyu [00:12:40]: I feel like people will sometimes think more in terms of different tools, right? Because if you think about a web agent versus, you know, like a function calling agent, calling a Python API, you would think of them as very different. But in some sense, the methodology is the same. It depends on how you view them, right? I think people will tend to think more in terms of the environment and the tools rather than the methodology. Or, in other words, I think the methodology is kind of trivial and simple, so people will try to focus more on the different tools. But I think it's good to have a single underlying principle of those things.Alessio [00:13:17]: How do you see the surface of React getting molded into the model? So a function calling is a good example of like, now the model does it. What about the thinking? Now most models that you use kind of do chain of thought on their own, they kind of produce steps. Do you think that more and more of this logic will be in the model? Or do you think the context window will still be the main driver of reasoning and thinking?Shunyu [00:13:39]: I think it's already default, right? You do some chain of thought and you do some tool call, the cost of adding the chain of thought is kind of relatively low compared to other things. So it's not hurting to do that. And I think it's already kind of common practice, I would say.Swyx [00:13:56]: This is a good place to bring in either Tree of Thought or Reflection, your pick.Shunyu [00:14:01]: Maybe Reflection, to respect the time order, I would say.Swyx [00:14:05]: Any backstory as well, like the people involved with NOAA and the Princeton group. We talked about this offline, but people don't understand how these research pieces come together and this ideation.Shunyu [00:14:15]: I think Reflection is mostly NOAA's work, I'm more like advising kind of role. The story is, I don't remember the time, but one day we just see this pre-print that's like Reflection and Autonomous Agent with memory or whatever. And it's kind of like an extension to React, which uses this self-reflection. I'm like, oh, somehow you've become very popular. And NOAA reached out to me, it's like, do you want to collaborate on this and make this from an archive pre-print to something more solid, like a conference submission? I'm like, sure. We started collaborating and we remain good friends today. And I think another interesting backstory is NOAA was contacted by OpenAI at the time. It's like, this is pretty cool, do you want to just work at OpenAI? And I think Sierra also reached out at the same time. It's like, this is pretty cool, do you want to work at Sierra? And I think NOAA chose Sierra, but it's pretty cool because he was still like a second year undergrad and he's a very smart kid.Swyx [00:15:16]: Based on one paper. Oh my god.Shunyu [00:15:19]: He's done some other research based on programming language or chemistry or whatever, but I think that's the paper that got the attention of OpenAI and Sierra.Swyx [00:15:28]: For those who haven't gone too deep on it, the way that you present the inside of React, can you do that also for reflection? Yeah.Shunyu [00:15:35]: I think one way to think of reflection is that the traditional idea of reinforcement learning is you have a scalar reward and then you somehow back-propagate the signal of the scalar reward to the rest of your neural network through whatever algorithm, like policy grading or A2C or whatever. And if you think about the real life, most of the reward signal is not scalar. It's like your boss told you, you should have done a better job in this, but you could jump on that or whatever. It's not like a scalar reward, like 29 or something. I think in general, humans deal more with long scalar reward, or you can say language feedback. And the way that they deal with language feedback also has this back-propagation process, right? Because you start from this, you did a good job on job B, and then you reflect what could have been done differently to change to make it better. And you kind of change your prompt, right? Basically, you change your prompt on how to do job A and how to do job B, and then you do the whole thing again. So it's really like a pipeline of language where in self-graded descent, you have something like text reasoning to replace those gradient descent algorithms. I think that's one way to think of reflection.Harrison [00:16:47]: One question I have about reflection is how general do you think the algorithm there is? And so for context, I think at LangChain and at other places as well, we found it pretty easy to implement React in a standard way. You plug in any tools and it kind of works off the shelf, can get it up and running. I don't think we have an off-the-shelf kind of implementation of reflection and kind of the general sense. I think the concepts, absolutely, we see used in different kind of specific cognitive architectures, but I don't think we have one that comes off the shelf. I don't think any of the other frameworks have one that comes off the shelf. And I'm curious whether that's because it's not general enough or it's complex as well, because it also requires running it more times.Swyx [00:17:28]: Maybe that's not feasible.Harrison [00:17:30]: I'm curious how you think about the generality, complexity. Should we have one that comes off the shelf?Shunyu [00:17:36]: I think the algorithm is general in the sense that it's just as general as other algorithms, if you think about policy grading or whatever, but it's not applicable to all tasks, just like other algorithms. So you can argue PPO is also general, but it works better for those set of tasks, but not on those set of tasks. I think it's the same situation for reflection. And I think a key bottleneck is the evaluator, right? Basically, you need to have a good sense of the signal. So for example, if you are trying to do a very hard reasoning task, say mathematics, for example, and you don't have any tools, you're operating in this chain of thought setup, then reflection will be pretty hard because in order to reflect upon your thoughts, you have to have a very good evaluator to judge whether your thought is good or not. But that might be as hard as solving the problem itself or even harder. The principle of self-reflection is probably more applicable if you have a good evaluator, for example, in the case of coding. If you have those arrows, then you can just reflect on that and how to solve the bug andSwyx [00:18:37]: stuff.Shunyu [00:18:38]: So I think another criteria is that it depends on the application, right? If you have this latency or whatever need for an actual application with an end-user, the end-user wouldn't let you do two hours of tree-of-thought or reflection, right? You need something as soon as possible. So in that case, maybe this is better to be used as a training time technique, right? You do those reflection or tree-of-thought or whatever, you get a lot of data, and then you try to use the data to train your model better. And then in test time, you still use something as simple as React, but that's already improved.Alessio [00:19:11]: And if you think of the Voyager paper as a way to store skills and then reuse them, how would you compare this reflective memory and at what point it's just ragging on the memory versus you want to start to fine-tune some of them or what's the next step once you get a very long reflective corpus? Yeah.Shunyu [00:19:30]: So I think there are two questions here. The first question is, what type of information or memory are you considering, right? Is it like semantic memory that stores knowledge about the word, or is it the episodic memory that stores trajectories or behaviors, or is it more of a procedural memory like in Voyager's case, like skills or code snippets that you can use to do actions, right?Swyx [00:19:54]: That's one dimension.Shunyu [00:19:55]: And the second dimension is obviously how you use the memory, either retrieving from it, using it in the context, or fine-tuning it. I think the Cognitive Architecture for Language Agents paper has a good categorization of all the different combinations. And of course, which way you use depends on the concrete application and the concrete need and the concrete task. But I think in general, it's good to think of those systematic dimensions and all the possible options there.Swyx [00:20:25]: Harrison also has in LangMEM, I think you did a presentation in my meetup, and I think you've done it at a couple other venues as well. User state, semantic memory, and append-only state, I think kind of maps to what you just said.Shunyu [00:20:38]: What is LangMEM? Can I give it like a quick...Harrison [00:20:40]: One of the modules of LangChain for a long time has been something around memory. And I think we're still obviously figuring out what that means, as is everyone kind of in the space. But one of the experiments that we did, and one of the proof of concepts that we did was, technically what it was is you would basically create threads, you'd push messages to those threads in the background, we process the data in a few ways. One, we put it into some semantic store, that's the semantic memory. And then two, we do some extraction and reasoning over the memories to extract. And we let the user define this, but extract key facts or anything that's of interest to the user. Those aren't exactly trajectories, they're maybe more closer to the procedural memory. Is that how you'd think about it or classify it?Shunyu [00:21:22]: Is it like about knowledge about the word, or is it more like how to do something?Swyx [00:21:27]: It's reflections, basically.Harrison [00:21:28]: So in generative worlds.Shunyu [00:21:30]: Generative agents.Swyx [00:21:31]: The Smallville. Yeah, the Smallville one.Harrison [00:21:33]: So the way that they had their memory there was they had the sequence of events, and that's kind of like the raw events that happened. But then every N events, they'd run some synthesis over those events for the LLM to insert its own memory, basically. It's that type of memory.Swyx [00:21:49]: I don't know how that would be classified.Shunyu [00:21:50]: I think of that as more of the semantic memory, but to be fair, I think it's just one way to think of that. But whether it's semantic memory or procedural memory or whatever memory, that's like an abstraction layer. But in terms of implementation, you can choose whatever implementation for whatever memory. So they're totally kind of orthogonal. I think it's more of a good way to think of the things, because from the history of cognitive science and cognitive architecture and how people study even neuroscience, that's the way people think of how the human brain organizes memory. And I think it's more useful as a way to think of things. But it's not like for semantic memory, you have to do this kind of way to retrieve or fine-tune, and for procedural memory, you have to do that. I think those are totally orthogonal kind of dimensions.Harrison [00:22:34]: How much background do you have in cognitive sciences, and how much do you model some of your thoughts on?Shunyu [00:22:40]: That's a great question, actually. I think one of the undergrad influences for my follow-up research is I was doing an internship at MIT's Computational Cognitive Science Lab with Josh Tannenbaum, and he's a very famous cognitive scientist. And I think a lot of his ideas still influence me today, like thinking of things in computational terms and getting interested in language and a lot of stuff, or even developing psychology kind of stuff. So I think it still influences me today.Swyx [00:23:14]: As a developer that tried out LangMEM, the way I view it is just it's a materialized view of a stream of logs. And if anything, that's just useful for context compression. I don't have to use the full context to run it over everything. But also it's kind of debuggable. If it's wrong, I can show it to the user, the user can manually fix it, and I can carry on. That's a really good analogy. I like that. I'm going to steal that. Sure. Please, please. You know I'm bullish on memory databases. I guess, Tree of Thoughts? Yeah, Tree of Thoughts.Shunyu [00:23:39]: I feel like I'm relieving the defense in like a podcast format. Yeah, no.Alessio [00:23:45]: I mean, you had a banger. Well, this is the one where you're already successful and we just highlight the glory. It was really good. You mentioned that since thinking is kind of like taking an action, you can use action searching algorithms to think of thinking. So just like you will use Tree Search to find the next thing. And the idea behind Tree of Thought is that you generate all these possible outcomes and then find the best tree to get to the end. Maybe back to the latency question, you can't really do that if you have to respond in real time. So what are maybe some of the most helpful use cases for things like this? Where have you seen people adopt it where the high latency is actually worth the wait?Shunyu [00:24:21]: For things that you don't care about latency, obviously. For example, if you're trying to do math, if you're just trying to come up with a proof. But I feel like one type of task is more about searching for a solution. You can try a hundred times, but if you find one solution, that's good. For example, if you're finding a math proof or if you're finding a good code to solve a problem or whatever, I think another type of task is more like reacting. For example, if you're doing customer service, you're like a web agent booking a ticket for an end user. Those are more reactive kind of tasks, or more real-time tasks. You have to do things fast. They might be easy, but you have to do it reliably. And you care more about can you solve 99% of the time out of a hundred. But for the type of search type of tasks, then you care more about can I find one solution out of a hundred. So it's kind of symmetric and different.Alessio [00:25:11]: Do you have any data or intuition from your user base? What's the split of these type of use cases? How many people are doing more reactive things and how many people are experimenting with deep, long search?Harrison [00:25:23]: I would say React's probably the most popular. I think there's aspects of reflection that get used. Tree of thought, probably the least so. There's a great tweet from Jason Wei, I think you're now a colleague, and he was talking about prompting strategies and how he thinks about them. And I think the four things that he had was, one, how easy is it to implement? How much compute does it take? How many tasks does it solve? And how much does it improve on those tasks? And I'd add a fifth, which is how likely is it to be relevant when the next generation of models come out? And I think if you look at those axes and then you look at React, reflection, tree of thought, it tracks that the ones that score better are used more. React is pretty easy to implement. Tree of thought's pretty hard to implement. The amount of compute, yeah, a lot more for tree of thought. The tasks and how much it improves, I don't have amazing visibility there. But I think if we're comparing React versus tree of thought, React just dominates the first two axes so much that my question around that was going to be like, how do you think about these prompting strategies, cognitive architectures, whatever you want to call them? When you're thinking of them, what are the axes that you're judging them on in your head when you're thinking whether it's a good one or a less good one?Swyx [00:26:38]: Right.Shunyu [00:26:39]: Right. I think there is a difference between a prompting method versus research, in the sense that for research, you don't really even care about does it actually work on practical tasks or does it help? Whatever. I think it's more about the idea or the principle, right? What is the direction that you're unblocking and whatever. And I think for an actual prompting method to solve a concrete problem, I would say simplicity is very important because the simpler it is, the less decision you have to make about it. And it's easier to design. It's easier to propagate. And it's easier to do stuff. So always try to be as simple as possible. And I think latency obviously is important. If you can do things fast and you don't want to do things slow. And I think in terms of the actual prompting method to use for a particular problem, I think we should all be in the minimalist kind of camp, right? You should try the minimum thing and see if it works. And if it doesn't work and there's absolute reason to add something, then you add something, right? If there's absolute reason that you need some tool, then you should add the tool thing. If there's absolute reason to add reflection or whatever, you should add that. Otherwise, if a chain of thought can already solve something, then you don't even need to use any of that.Harrison [00:27:57]: Yeah. Or if it's just better prompting can solve it. Like, you know, you could add a reflection step or you could make your instructions a little bit clearer.Swyx [00:28:03]: And it's a lot easier to do that.Shunyu [00:28:04]: I think another interesting thing is like, I personally have never done those kind of like weird tricks. I think all the prompts that I write are kind of like just talking to a human, right? It's like, I don't know. I never say something like, your grandma is dying and you have to solve it. I mean, those are cool, but I feel like we should all try to solve things in a very intuitive way. Just like talking to your co-worker. That should work 99% of the time. That's my personal take.Swyx [00:28:29]: The problem with how language models, at least in the GPC 3 era, was that they over-optimized to some sets of tokens in sequence. So like reading the Kojima et al. paper that was listing step-by-step, like he tried a bunch of them and they had wildly different results. It should not be the case, but it is the case. And hopefully we're getting better there.Shunyu [00:28:51]: Yeah. I think it's also like a timing thing in the sense that if you think about this whole line of language model, right? Like at the time it was just like a text generator. We don't have any idea how it's going to be used, right? And obviously at the time you will find all kinds of weird issues because it's not trained to do any of that, right? But then I think we have this loop where once we realize chain of thought is important or agent is important or tool using is important, what we see is today's language models are heavily optimized towards those things. So I think in some sense they become more reliable and robust over those use cases. And you don't need to do as much prompt engineering tricks anymore to solve those things. I feel like in some sense, I feel like prompt engineering even is like a slightly negative word at the time because it refers to all those kind of weird tricks that you have to apply. But I think we don't have to do that anymore. Like given today's progress, you should just be able to talk to like a coworker. And if you're clear and concrete and being reasonable, then it should do reasonable things for you.Swyx [00:29:51]: Yeah. The way I put this is you should not be a prompt engineer because it is the goal of the big labs to put you out of a job.Shunyu [00:29:58]: You should just be a good communicator. Like if you're a good communicator to humans, you should be a good communicator to languageSwyx [00:30:02]: models.Harrison [00:30:03]: That's the key though, because oftentimes people aren't good communicators to these language models and that is a very important skill and that's still messing around with the prompt. And so it depends what you're talking about when you're saying prompt engineer.Shunyu [00:30:14]: But do you think it's like very correlated with like, are they like a good communicator to humans? You know, it's like.Harrison [00:30:20]: It may be, but I also think I would say on average, people are probably worse at communicating with language models than to humans right now, at least, because I think we're still figuring out how to do it. You kind of expect it to be magical and there's probably some correlation, but I'd say there's also just like, people are worse at it right now than talking to humans.Shunyu [00:30:36]: We should make it like a, you know, like an elementary school class or whatever, how toSwyx [00:30:41]: talk to language models. Yeah. I don't know. Very pro that. Yeah. Before we leave the topic of trees and searching, not specific about QSTAR, but there's a lot of questions about MCTS and this combination of tree search and language models. And I just had to get in a question there about how seriously should people take this?Shunyu [00:30:59]: Again, I think it depends on the tasks, right? So MCTS was magical for Go, but it's probably not as magical for robotics, right? So I think right now the problem is not even that we don't have good methodologies, it's more about we don't have good tasks. It's also very interesting, right? Because if you look at my citation, it's like, obviously the most cited are React, Refraction and Tree of Thought. Those are methodologies. But I think like equally important, if not more important line of my work is like benchmarks and environments, right? Like WebShop or SuiteVenture or whatever. And I think in general, what people do in academia that I think is not good is they choose a very simple task, like Alford, and then they apply overly complex methods to show they improve 2%. I think you should probably match the level of complexity of your task and your method. I feel like where tasks are kind of far behind the method in some sense, right? Because we have some good test-time approaches, like whatever, React or Refraction or Tree of Thought, or like there are many, many more complicated test-time methods afterwards. But on the benchmark side, we have made a lot of good progress this year, last year. But I think we still need more progress towards that, like better coding benchmark, better web agent benchmark, better agent benchmark, not even for web or code. I think in general, we need to catch up with tasks.Harrison [00:32:27]: What are the biggest reasons in your mind why it lags behind?Shunyu [00:32:31]: I think incentive is one big reason. Like if you see, you know, all the master paper are cited like a hundred times more than the task paper. And also making a good benchmark is actually quite hard. It's almost like a different set of skills in some sense, right? I feel like if you want to build a good benchmark, you need to be like a good kind of product manager kind of mindset, right? You need to think about why people should use your benchmark, why it's challenging, why it's useful. If you think about like a PhD going into like a school, right? The prior skill that expected to have is more about, you know, can they code this method and can they just run experiments and can solve that? I think building a benchmark is not the typical prior skill that we have, but I think things are getting better. I think more and more people are starting to build benchmarks and people are saying that it's like a way to get more impact in some sense, right? Because like if you have a really good benchmark, a lot of people are going to use it. But if you have a super complicated test time method, like it's very hard for people to use it.Harrison [00:33:35]: Are evaluation metrics also part of the reason? Like for some of these tasks that we might want to ask these agents or language models to do, is it hard to evaluate them? And so it's hard to get an automated benchmark. Obviously with SweetBench you can, and with coding, it's easier, but.Shunyu [00:33:50]: I think that's part of the skillset thing that I mentioned, because I feel like it's like a product manager because there are many dimensions and you need to strike a balance and it's really hard, right? If you want to make sense, very easy to autogradable, like automatically gradable, like either to grade or either to evaluate, then you might lose some of the realness or practicality. Or like it might be practical, but it might not be as scalable, right? For example, if you think about text game, human have pre-annotated all the rewards and all the language are real. So it's pretty good on autogradable dimension and the practical dimension. If you think about, you know, practical, like actual English being practical, but it's not scalable, right? It takes like a year for experts to build that game. So it's not really that scalable. And I think part of the reason that SweetBench is so popular now is it kind of hits the balance between these three dimensions, right? Easy to evaluate and being actually practical and being scalable. Like if I were to criticize upon some of my prior work, I think webshop, like it's my initial attempt to get into benchmark world and I'm trying to do a good job striking the balance. But obviously we make it all gradable and it's really scalable, but then I think the practicality is not as high as actually just using GitHub issues, right? Because you're just creating those like synthetic tasks.Harrison [00:35:13]: Are there other areas besides coding that jump to mind as being really good for being autogradable?Shunyu [00:35:20]: Maybe mathematics.Swyx [00:35:21]: Classic. Yeah. Do you have thoughts on alpha proof, the new DeepMind paper? I think it's pretty cool.Shunyu [00:35:29]: I think it's more of a, you know, it's more of like a confidence boost or like sometimes, you know, the work is not even about, you know, the technical details or the methodology that it chooses or the concrete results. I think it's more about a signal, right?Swyx [00:35:47]: Yeah. Existence proof. Yeah.Shunyu [00:35:50]: Yeah. It can be done. This direction is exciting. It kind of encourages people to work more towards that direction. I think it's more like a boost of confidence, I would say.Swyx [00:35:59]: Yeah. So we're going to focus more on agents now and, you know, all of us have a special interest in coding agents. I would consider Devin to be the sort of biggest launch of the year as far as AI startups go. And you guys in the Princeton group worked on Suiagents alongside of Suibench. Tell us the story about Suiagent. Sure.Shunyu [00:36:21]: I think it's kind of like a triology, it's actually a series of three works now. So actually the first work is called Intercode, but it's not as famous, I know. And the second work is called Suibench and the third work is called Suiagent. And I'm just really confused why nobody is working on coding. You know, it's like a year ago, but I mean, not everybody's working on coding, obviously, but a year ago, like literally nobody was working on coding. I was really confused. And the people that were working on coding are, you know, trying to solve human evil in like a sick-to-sick way. There's no agent, there's no chain of thought, there's no anything, they're just, you know, fine tuning the model and improve some points and whatever, like, I was really confused because obviously coding is the best application for agents because it's autogradable, it's super important, you can make everything like API or code action, right? So I was confused and I collaborated with some of the students in Princeton and we have this work called Intercode and the idea is, first, if you care about coding, then you should solve coding in an interactive way, meaning more like a Jupyter Notebook kind of way than just writing a program and seeing if it fails or succeeds and stop, right? You should solve it in an interactive way because that's exactly how humans solve it, right? You don't have to, you know, write a program like next token, next token, next token and stop and never do any edits and you cannot really use any terminal or whatever tool. It doesn't make sense, right? And that's the way people are solving coding at the time, basically like sampling a program from a language model without chain of thought, without tool call, without refactoring, without anything. So the first point is we should solve coding in a very interactive way and that's a very general principle that applies for various coding benchmarks. And also, I think you can make a lot of the agent task kind of like interactive coding. If you have Python and you can call any package, then you can literally also browse internet or do whatever you want, like control a robot or whatever. So that seems to be a very general paradigm. But obviously I think a bottleneck is at the time we're still doing, you know, very simple tasks like human eval or whatever coding benchmark people proposed. They were super hard in 2021, like 20%, but they're like 95% already in 2023. So obviously the next step is we need a better benchmark. And Carlos and John, which are the first authors of Swaybench, I think they come up with this great idea that we should just script GitHub and solve whatever human engineers are solving. And I think it's actually pretty easy to come up with the idea. And I think in the first week, they already made a lot of progress. They script the GitHub and they make all the same, but then there's a lot of painful info work and whatever, you know. I think the idea is super easy, but the engineering is super hard. And I feel like that's a very typical signal of a good work in the AI era now.Swyx [00:39:17]: I think also, I think the filtering was challenging, because if you look at open source PRs, a lot of them are just like, you know, fixing typos. I think it's challenging.Shunyu [00:39:27]: And to be honest, we didn't do a perfect job at the time. So if you look at the recent blog post with OpenAI, we improved the filtering so that it's more solvable.Swyx [00:39:36]: I think OpenAI was just like, look, this is a thing now. We have to fix this. These students just rushed it.Shunyu [00:39:45]: It's a good convergence of interests for me.Alessio [00:39:48]: Was that tied to you joining OpenAI? Or was that just unrelated?Shunyu [00:39:52]: It's a coincidence for me, but it's a good coincidence.Swyx [00:39:55]: There is a history of anytime a big lab adopts a benchmark, they fix it. Otherwise, it's a broken benchmark.Shunyu [00:40:03]: So naturally, once we propose swimmage, the next step is to solve it. But I think the typical way you solve something now is you collect some training samples, or you design some complicated agent method, and then you try to solve it. Either super complicated prompt, or you build a better model with more training data. But I think at the time, we realized that even before those things, there's a fundamental problem with the interface or the tool that you're supposed to use. Because that's like an ignored problem in some sense. What your tool is, or how that matters for your task. So what we found concretely is that if you just use the text terminal off the shelf as a tool for those agents, there's a lot of problems. For example, if you edit something, there's no feedback. So you don't know whether your edit is good or not. That makes the agent very confused and makes a lot of mistakes. There are a lot of small problems, you would say. Well, you can try to do prompt engineering and improve that, but it turns out to be actually very hard. We realized that the interface design is actually a very omitted part of agent design. So we did this switch agent work. And the key idea is just, even before you talk about what the agent is, you should talk about what the environment is. You should make sure that the environment is actually friendly to whatever agent you're trying to apply. That's the same idea for humans. Text terminal is good for some tasks, like git, pool, or whatever. But it's not good if you want to look at browser and whatever. Also, browser is a good tool for some tasks, but it's not a good tool for other tasks. We need to talk about how design interface, in some sense, where we should treat agents as our customers. It's like when we treat humans as a customer, we design human computer interfaces. We design those beautiful desktops or browsers or whatever, so that it's very intuitive and easy for humans to use. And this whole great subject of HCI is all about that. I think now the research idea of switch agent is just, we should treat agents as our customers. And we should do like, you know… AICI.Swyx [00:42:16]: AICI, exactly.Harrison [00:42:18]: So what are the tools that a suite agent should have, or a coding agent in general should have?Shunyu [00:42:24]: For suite agent, it's like a modified text terminal, which kind of adapts to a lot of the patterns of language models to make it easier for language models to use. For example, now for edit, instead of having no feedback, it will actually have a feedback of, you know, actually here you introduced like a syntax error, and you should probably want to fix that, and there's an ended error there. And that makes it super easy for the model to actually do that. And there's other small things, like how exactly you write arguments, right? Like, do you want to write like a multi-line edit, or do you want to write a single line edit? I think it's more interesting to think about the way of the development process of an ACI rather than the actual ACI for like a concrete application. Because I think the general paradigm is very similar to HCI and psychology, right? Basically, for how people develop HCIs, they do behavior experiments on humans, right? I do every test, right? Like, which interface is actually better? And I do those behavior experiments, kind of like psychology experiments to humans, and I change things. And I think what's really interesting for me, for this three-agent paper, is we can probably do the same thing for agents, right? We can do every test for those agents and do behavior tests. And through the process, we not only invent better interfaces for those agents, that's the practical value, but we also better understand agents. Just like when we do those A-B tests, we do those HCI, we better understand humans. Doing those ACI experiments, we actually better understand agents. And that's pretty cool.Harrison [00:43:51]: Besides that A-B testing, what are other processes that people can use to think about this in a good way?Swyx [00:43:57]: That's a great question.Shunyu [00:43:58]: And I think three-agent is an initial work. And what we do is the kind of the naive approach, right? You just try some interface, and you see what's going wrong, and then you try to fix that. We do this kind of iterative fixing. But I think what's really interesting is there'll be a lot of future directions that's very promising if we can apply some of the HCI principles more systematically into the interface design. I think that would be a very cool interdisciplinary research opportunity.Harrison [00:44:26]: You talked a lot about agent-computer interfaces and interactions. What about human-to-agent UX patterns? Curious for any thoughts there that you might have.Swyx [00:44:38]: That's a great question.Shunyu [00:44:39]: And in some sense, I feel like prompt engineering is about human-to-agent interface. But I think there can be a lot of interesting research done about... So prompting is about how humans can better communicate with the agent. But I think there could be interesting research on how agents can better communicate with humans, right? When to ask questions, how to ask questions, what's the frequency of asking questions. And I think those kinds of stuff could be very cool research.Harrison [00:45:07]: Yeah, I think some of the most interesting stuff that I saw here was also related to coding with Devin from Cognition. And they had the three or four different panels where you had the chat, the browser, the terminal, and I guess the code editor as well.Swyx [00:45:19]: There's more now.Harrison [00:45:19]: There's more. Okay, I'm not up to date. Yeah, I think they also did a good job on ACI.Swyx [00:45:25]: I think that's the main learning I have from Devin. They cracked that. Actually, there was no foundational planning breakthrough. The planner is actually pretty simple, but ACI that they broke through on.Shunyu [00:45:35]: I think making the tool good and reliable is probably like 90% of the whole agent. Once the tool is actually good, then the agent design can be much, much simpler. On the other hand, if the tool is bad, then no matter how much you put into the agent design, planning or search or whatever, it's still going to be trash.Harrison [00:45:53]: Yeah, I'd argue the same. Same with like context and instructions. Like, yeah, go hand in hand.Alessio [00:46:00]: On the tool, how do you think about the tension of like, for both of you, I mean, you're building a library, so even more for you. The tension between making now a language or a library that is like easy for the agent to grasp and write versus one that is easy for like the human to grasp and write. Because, you know, the trend is like more and more code gets written by the agent. So why wouldn't you optimize the framework to be as easy as possible for the model versus for the person?Swyx [00:46:24]: I think it's possible to design an interfaceShunyu [00:46:25]: that's both friendly to humans and agents. But what do you think?Harrison [00:46:29]: We haven't thought about that from the perspective, like we're not trying to design LangChain or LangGraph to be friendly. But I mean, I think to be friendly for agents to write.Swyx [00:46:42]: But I mean, I think we see this with like,Harrison [00:46:43]: I saw some paper that used TypeScript notation instead of JSON notation for tool calling and it got a lot better performance. So it's definitely a thing. I haven't really heard of anyone designing like a syntax or a language explicitly for agents, but there's clearly syntaxes that are better.Shunyu [00:46:59]: I think function calling is a good example where it's like a good interface for both human programmers and for agents, right? Like for developers, it's actually a very friendly interface because it's very concrete and you don't have to do prompt engineering anymore. You can be very systematic. And for models, it's also pretty good, right? Like it can use all the existing coding content. So I think we need more of those kinds of designs.Swyx [00:47:21]: I will mostly agree and I'll slightly disagree in terms of this, which is like, whether designing for humans also overlaps with designing for AI. So Malte Ubo, who's the CTO of Vercel, who is creating basically JavaScript's competitor to LangChain, they're observing that basically, like if the API is easy to understand for humans, it's actually much easier to understand for LLMs, for example, because they're not overloaded functions. They don't behave differently under different contexts. They do one thing and they always work the same way. It's easy for humans, it's easy for LLMs. And like that makes a lot of sense. And obviously adding types is another one. Like type annotations only help give extra context, which is really great. So that's the agreement. And then a disagreement is that when I use structured output to do my chain of thought, I have found that I change my field names to hint to the LLM of what the field is supposed to do. So instead of saying topics, I'll say candidate topics. And that gives me a better result because the LLM was like, ah, this is just a draft thing I can use for chain of thought. And instead of like summaries, I'll say topic summaries to link the previous field to the current field. So like little stuff like that, I find myself optimizing for the LLM where I, as a human, would never do that. Interesting.Shunyu [00:48:32]: It's kind of like the way you optimize the prompt, it might be different for humans and for machines. You can have a common ground that's both clear for humans and agents, but to improve the human performance versus improving the agent performance, they might move to different directions.Swyx [00:48:48]: Might move different directions. There's a lot more use of metadata as well, like descriptions, comments, code comments, annotations and stuff like that. Yeah.Harrison [00:48:56]: I would argue that's just you communicatingSwyx [00:48:58]: to the agent what it should do.Harrison [00:49:00]: And maybe you need to communicate a little bit more than to humans because models aren't quite good enough yet.Swyx [00:49:06]: But like, I don't think that's crazy.Harrison [00:49:07]: I don't think that's like- It's not crazy.Swyx [00:49:09]: I will bring this in because it just happened to me yesterday. I was at the cursor office. They held their first user meetup and I was telling them about the LLM OS concept and why basically every interface, every tool was being redesigned for AIs to use rather than humans. And they're like, why? Like, can we just use Bing and Google for LLM search? Why must I use Exa? Or what's the other one that you guys work with?Harrison [00:49:32]: Tavilli.Swyx [00:49:33]: Tavilli. Web Search API dedicated for LLMs. What's the difference?Shunyu [00:49:36]: Exactly. To Bing API.Swyx [00:49:38]: Exactly.Harrison [00:49:38]: There weren't great APIs for search. Like the best one, like the one that we used initially in LangChain was SERP API, which is like maybe illegal. I'm not sure.Swyx [00:49:49]: And like, you know,Harrison [00:49:52]: and now there are like venture-backed companies.Swyx [00:49:53]: Shout out to DuckDuckGo, which is free.Harrison [00:49:55]: Yes, yes.Swyx [00:49:56]: Yeah.Harrison [00:49:56]: I do think there are some differences though. I think you want, like, I think generally these APIs try to return small amounts of text information, clear legible field. It's not a massive JSON blob. And I think that matters. I think like when you talk about designing tools, it's not only the, it's the interface in the entirety, not only the inputs, but also the outputs that really matter. And so I think they try to make the outputs.Shunyu [00:50:18]: They're doing ACI.Swyx [00:50:19]: Yeah, yeah, absolutely.Harrison [00:50:20]: Really?Swyx [00:50:21]: Like there's a whole set of industries that are just being redone for ACI. It's weird. And so my simple answer to them was like the error messages. When you give error messages, they should be basically prompts for the LLM to take and then self-correct. Then your error messages get more verbose, actually, than you normally would with a human. Stuff like that. Like a little, honestly, it's not that big. Again, like, is this worth a venture-backed industry? Unless you can tell us. But like, I think Code Interpreter, I think is a new thing. I hope so.Alessio [00:50:52]: We invested in it to be so.Shunyu [00:50:53]: I think that's a very interesting point. You're trying to optimize to the extreme, then obviously they're going to be different. For example, the error—Swyx [00:51:00]: Because we take it very seriously. Right.Shunyu [00:51:01]: The error for like language model, the longer the better. But for humans, that will make them very nervous and very tired, right? But I guess the point is more like, maybe we should try to find a co-optimized common ground as much as possible. And then if we have divergence, then we should try to diverge. But it's more philosophical now.Alessio [00:51:19]: But I think like part of it is like how you use it. So Google invented the PageRank because ideally you only click on one link, you know, like the top three should have the answer. But with models, it's like, well, you can get 20. So those searches are more like semantic grouping in a way. It's like for this query, I'll return you like 20, 30 things that are kind of good, you know? So it's less about ranking and it's more about grouping.Shunyu [00:51:42]: Another fundamental thing about HCI is the difference between human and machine's kind of memory limit, right? So I think what's really interesting about this concept HCI versus HCI is interfaces that's optimized for them. You can kind of understand some of the fundamental characteristics, differences of humans and machines, right? Why, you know, if you look at find or whatever terminal command, you know, you can only look at one thing at a time or that's because we have a very small working memory. You can only deal with one thing at a time. You can only look at one paragraph of text at the same time. So the interface for us is by design, you know, a small piece of information, but more temporal steps. But for machines, that should be the opposite, right? You should just give them a hundred different results and they should just decide in context what's the most relevant stuff and trade off the context for temporal steps. That's actually also better for language models because like the cost is smaller or whatever. So it's interesting to connect those interfaces to the fundamental kind of differences of those.Harrison [00:52:43]: When you said earlier, you know, we should try to design these to maybe be similar as possible and diverge if we need to.Swyx [00:52:49]: I actually don't have a problem with them diverging nowHarrison [00:52:51]: and seeing venture-backed startups emerging now because we are different from machines code AI. And it's just so early on, like they may still look kind of similar and they may still be small differences, but it's still just so early. And I think we'll only discover more ways that they differ. And so I'm totally fine with them kind of like diverging earlySwyx [00:53:10]: and optimizing for the...Harrison [00:53:11]: I agree. I think it's more like, you know,Shunyu [00:53:14]: we should obviously try to optimize human interface just for humans. We're already doing that for 50 years. We should optimize agent interface just for agents, but we might also try to co-optimize both and see how far we can get. There's enough people to try all three directions. Yeah.Swyx [00:53:31]: There's a thesis I sometimes push, which is the sour lesson as opposed to the bitter lesson, which we're always inspired by human development, but actually AI develops its own path.Shunyu [00:53:40]: Right. We need to understand better, you know, what are the fundamental differences between those creatures.Swyx [00:53:45]: It's funny when really early on this pod, you were like, how much grounding do you have in cognitive development and human brain stuff? And I'm like

Posters and Hallway episodes are short interviews and poster summaries.  Recorded at RLC 2024 in Amherst MA.   Featuring:  0:01  David Abel from DeepMind on 3 Dogmas of RL  0:55 Kevin Wang from Brown on learning variable depth search for MCTS  2:17 Ashwin Kumar from Washington University in St Louis on fairness in resource allocation  3:36 Prabhat Nagarajan from UAlberta on Value overestimation  

Welcome back, Dr Rachel Venable, DVM, MS, DACVIM (oncology) to the podcast! This week we discuss mast cell tumors!I don't know about you... but I always get confused about current guidelines with MCT. They can be anything from low-grade removal and no sweat... to multiple high-grade panic! How much margin do you really need? When is Stelfonta an option? Check out all this great conversation all about MCTs and how to approach them from a boarded oncologist!TIMESTAMPSIntro 00:00Predispositions To Mast Cell Tumors 01:08Single Mast Cell Tumors 02:25Multiple Mast Cell Tumors 08:30Are Subcutaneous Mast Cell Tumors More Of A Concern? 13:54Staging Mast Cell Tumors 15:18An Overview Of Stelfonta 17:36Outro 20:10

Discover all of the podcasts in our network, search for specific episodes, get the Optimal Living Daily workbook, and learn more at: OLDPodcast.com. Episode 2676: Tammy's concern about whether MCT oil raises cholesterol is addressed by explaining that MCTs, derived from processed coconut or palm oil, do not increase blood cholesterol levels according to meta-analyses. In contrast, unprocessed coconut or palm oil, which contains long-chain triglycerides, can raise LDL cholesterol. The importance of choosing high-quality MCT oil supplements and consulting with a doctor is also emphasized. Quotes to ponder: “MCT oil supplements do not seem to raise our blood cholesterol levels.” “Saturated fats, like coconut oil and palm oil, do tend to increase blood cholesterol levels, specifically the 'bad' type of cholesterol - LDL cholesterol.” “Medium-chain triglycerides, because they're smaller, don't take as long to get absorbed by the body.” Episode references: USP: https://www.usp.org Labdoor: https://labdoor.com ConsumerLab: https://www.consumerlab.com NSF: https://www.nsf.org Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Discover all of the podcasts in our network, search for specific episodes, get the Optimal Living Daily workbook, and learn more at: OLDPodcast.com. Episode 2676: Tammy's concern about whether MCT oil raises cholesterol is addressed by explaining that MCTs, derived from processed coconut or palm oil, do not increase blood cholesterol levels according to meta-analyses. In contrast, unprocessed coconut or palm oil, which contains long-chain triglycerides, can raise LDL cholesterol. The importance of choosing high-quality MCT oil supplements and consulting with a doctor is also emphasized. Quotes to ponder: “MCT oil supplements do not seem to raise our blood cholesterol levels.” “Saturated fats, like coconut oil and palm oil, do tend to increase blood cholesterol levels, specifically the 'bad' type of cholesterol - LDL cholesterol.” “Medium-chain triglycerides, because they're smaller, don't take as long to get absorbed by the body.” Episode references: USP: https://www.usp.org Labdoor: https://labdoor.com ConsumerLab: https://www.consumerlab.com NSF: https://www.nsf.org Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Na live de hoje, mergulhamos fundo no universo dos MCTs (Triglicerídeos de Cadeia Média). O que você vai aprender: O que são MCTs: Explicação detalhada sobre os triglicerídeos de cadeia média e como eles funcionam no nosso corpo. Óleo de Coco: Descubra por que o óleo de coco é a maior fonte natural de MCTs. Benefícios dos MCTs: Aumento da energia, perda de peso, melhora da composição corporal, saúde mental e controle de açúcar no sangue. Dicas Práticas: Respondi perguntas ao vivo e compartilhei dicas valiosas para incorporar MCTs na sua dieta. :::::: Seja Membro e Receba Aulas e Conteúdos Exclusivos ::::: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCgeSWvdpxC7Ckc77h_xgmtg/join Entre em meu Canal do Telegram: https://t.me/canalandreburgos Inscreva-se em nosso canal http://goo.gl/Ot3z2r Saiba mais sobre o Método Protagonista em: https://escoladoprotagonista.com.br/oferta Programa Atletas LowCarb: https://atletaslowcarb.com.br/programa-alc/ Me siga no Instagram https://www.instagram.com/andreburgos/

In this interview, Mary Newport, MD, discusses her groundbreaking approach to treating dementia using coconut oil and MCT oil, highlighting the role of ketones, and exploring the stories of almost 300 families who have benefited. Dr. Newport delves into the science behind coconut and MCT oils, explaining how they generate ketones, provide an alternative energy source for the brain, and offer other potential benefits for those affected by dementia and Alzheimer's disease. *Key Highlights* - Personal Journey: Dr. Newport's experience seeing her husband's improvement in Alzheimer's symptoms from using coconut oil and MCT oil. - Ketones and Brain Energy: An explanation of how MCTs are converted into ketones, and how they provide an alternative energy source for the brain, particularly beneficial in conditions like Alzheimer's where glucose metabolism is impaired. - Scientific Insights: Detailed discussion on the neuroprotective effects of ketones, including reduced oxidative stress and inflammation in the brain. - Recent Publications: A new publication featuring 288 reports of caregivers using coconut oil and MCT oil showcasing the potential impact of this approach for neurodegenerative conditions currently lacking effective pharmaceutical treatments. - Global Implications: The potential impact of this discovery on the 35 million people worldwide suffering from dementia. - Ongoing Efforts: Dr. Newport's continued dedication to advancing this field through case studies and poster presentations emphasizes the growing body of evidence supporting ketogenic therapy for brain health. *Expert featured in this interview* Dr. Mary Newport https://coconutketones.com/ Study referenced: _Ketogenic strategies for Alzheimer's disease and other memory impairments: History, rationale, and 288 caregiver case reports_ https://esmed.org/MRA/mra/article/view/5316 Books by Dr. Mary Newport: The Complete Book of Ketones: https://a.co/d/fHFhDSK Clearly Keto: For Healthy Brain Aging and Alzheimer's Prevention: https://a.co/d/cBewLEU Related videos: _Keto and MCT for Alzheimer's, One Doctor's Family Journey_ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r3-5GQfeJ68 Follow our channel for more information and education from Bret Scher, MD, FACC, including interviews with leading experts in Metabolic Psychiatry. Learn more about metabolic psychiatry and find helpful resources at https://metabolicmind.org/ About us: Metabolic Mind is a non-profit initiative of Baszucki Group working to transform the study and treatment of mental disorders by exploring the connection between metabolism and brain health. We leverage the science of metabolic psychiatry and personal stories to offer education, community, and hope to people struggling with mental health challenges and those who care for them. Our channel is for informational purposes only. We are not providing individual or group medical or healthcare advice nor establishing a provider-patient relationship. Many of the interventions we discuss can have dramatic or potentially dangerous effects if done without proper supervision. Consult your healthcare provider before changing your lifestyle or medications. #MetabolicMind #MetabolicNeuroscience #KetogenicMetabolicTherapy #NutritionalKetosis#AlternativeTreatment#MedicalKeto#KetogenicTherapy#MetabolicHealth#MetabolicNeurology #MCTforAlzheimers #KetoForDementia

This episode is brought to you by Strong Coffee Company, Legacy, and LMNT. Justin Jones-Fosu is here to explore the art of respectfully disagreeing and maintaining our humanity amidst ideological differences. Justin emphasizes the importance of valuing and dignifying individuals regardless of their beliefs or backgrounds. Prepare to discover strategies for fostering healthy collaboration over unhealthy competition and the significance of heart-driven work in difficult conversations. Justin shares his five pillars of respectful disagreement, offering practical examples and exercises to apply in various settings, making this a must-listen for anyone seeking to navigate our divided world with grace and respect.   We also tackle the concept of "disrespectful agreement," where individuals agree with others to avoid conflict, often leading to internal resentment and missed opportunities for genuine connection. Through real-life examples, such as a wife agreeing to preserve her husband's self-esteem or an employee aiming for a promotion, we highlight the importance of recognizing and addressing these tendencies. Practical advice is also provided on how to ensure every interaction leaves all parties feeling valued, and a personal story about managing contentious conversations underscores the importance of empathy and mutual respect in communication.   Additionally, we delve into the transformative power of collaboration over competition, sharing an engaging exercise that highlights the benefits of supportive environments. Reflecting on a late-night ride along with police officers, we discuss the multifaceted role they play and the importance of cultivating respectful relationships despite challenges. Finally, we explore the power of respectful interactions in planting seeds of change and the value of being present in the moment. Listen in as we bring you insights from Justin's latest book, "I Respectfully Disagree: How to Have Difficult Conversations in a Divided World," and learn how to move "Ever Forward" with purpose and understanding. Follow Justin @iworkmeaningful Follow Chase @chase_chewning ----- In this episode we discuss... (00:00) Passionately Pursuing Humanity (03:22) What Does It Mean to Respectfully Disagree? (13:24) Honest Reasons for Disrespectfully Agreeing (26:43) Collaborative Stress Ball Challenge (34:19) Importance of Valuing Contributions in Meetings (37:10) A Mother's Lesson (45:53) Respectful Exploration of Beliefs (50:08) Creating Space for Redemption (01:03:03) How to Create a Shift in Perspective (01:07:20) Ever Forward ----- Episode resources: Save 15% with code CHASE on organic coffee and lattes packed with collagen, MCTs, adaptogens and nootropics from Strong Coffee Company Save $20 on the at-home male fertility test kit with code EVERFORWARD from Legacy Get a FREE 8-count variety sample pack of Recharge electrolyte drink mix with any drink mix purchase from LMNT Learn more about Justin at WorkMeaningful.com

Welcome to another episode of the "Inflamed in the Brain" podcast, hosted by registered dietitian Krissy Carbo. In this episode, Krissy dives deep into coconut oil, a food that's often misunderstood despite its potential health benefits. While some people avoid coconut oil due to its high saturated fat content, Krissy explains why it's not the heart disease risk many believe it to be. She also discusses three unique ways to incorporate coconut oil into your diet.Addressing Misconceptions About Coconut Oil:The episode begins by addressing a common misconception: that saturated fat automatically leads to heart disease. Krissy explains that while coconut oil can raise LDL (low-density lipoprotein) cholesterol levels, it tends to raise the larger, fluffier LDL particles, which are less likely to cause heart disease. The smaller, denser LDL particles are the ones that penetrate artery walls, leading to plaque buildup and inflammation. The larger particles, on the other hand, have a lower risk of causing such damage. Furthermore, coconut oil can also increase HDL (high-density lipoprotein) cholesterol, which helps remove excess LDL from the bloodstream.Key Health Benefits of Coconut Oil:Krissy highlights three health benefits of coconut oil:Increased Energy: Coconut oil contains medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs), which are rapidly absorbed and transported to the liver. Once there, MCTs are converted into ketones, providing a quick energy source for both the body and brain. This makes coconut oil an excellent addition to your diet if you need a quick energy boost.Promotes Regular Bowel Movements: The MCTs in coconut oil can help stimulate bowel movements, promoting regularity and reducing constipation. This quick movement through the digestive system can help people who struggle with irregularity, providing a gentle laxative effect.Anti-Inflammatory Properties: Coconut oil's MCTs and lauric acid offer anti-inflammatory benefits. Ketones from MCTs have been shown to reduce brain inflammation, which is crucial for those dealing with neurological disorders. Lauric acid has antibacterial and antiviral properties, further reducing inflammation in the body.Unique Ways to Incorporate Coconut Oil Into Your Diet:Krissy offers three creative ways to include coconut oil in your meals:Coconut Oil in Coffee: Add a teaspoon of coconut oil to your morning coffee for a creamy texture and energy boost. This is a popular method among those who follow a low-carb diet and may also help with regularity.Chocolate-Covered Strawberries: Use coconut oil to make chocolate-covered strawberries. The oil's high saturated fat content helps the chocolate set quickly when cooled, allowing you to create a sweet treat without a long wait time. It adds a subtle coconut flavor to the chocolate and holds its texture well.Smoothies With Coconut Oil: Adding a spoonful of coconut oil to your smoothies provides a creamy texture and a hint of coconut flavor. It can be used in place of other fats for a healthier, energy-boosting smoothie.Conclusion:Krissy wraps up the episode by discussing the versatility of coconut oil and its potential to support a healthy lifestyle. She encourages listeners to experiment with coconut oil in their cooking and offers a bonus tip: replace dairy milk or cream with coconut milk or coconut cream in soups, stews, and curries for a dairy-free option.Krissy also cautions against excessive use of MCT oil due to its concentrated nature and potential laxative effects. For those who want the full range of benefits, coconut oil's lauric acid and MCT content offer a balancedFollow along: https://betterwithcarbo.com/ Instagram

Most of us have some idea what dementia is. Though we toss the word ‘demented' around as a put down, Dementia, and Alzheimers experienced up close is difficult to witness. In part why it is so difficult to watch others go through the decline is because much of it can be avoided entirely by adopting a Low Carb High Fat Ketogenic diet. If there was one specific condition that is most improved by ketones, this would be it. In fact, unlike other conditions that can be improved by a ketogenic diet, taking ketones directly for Alzheimers or dementia has become a gold mind for certain companies that are now in business of creating them. The market for both LCHF Ketogenic diet and for ketones is based on two truths, the rate of Alzheimers is at an all time high and will just increase, and Mild Cognitive Impairment is happening at a younger and younger age. Both demographics can be addressed fairly easily. Listen in to hear how we do that.Sweethearts Forever. Then Came Alzheimer's, Murder and Suicide.“They were absolutely soul mates.” 12-30-2019https://www.nytimes.com/2019/12/29/nyregion/alzheimers-murder-suicide.html?te=1&nl=morning-briefing&emc=edit_NN_p_20191230§ion=longRead?campaign_id=9&instance_id=14852&segment_id=19935&user_id=8bf2db4cafbf95d4ce39e46957ce6942®i_id=73838898ion=longRead#commentsContainerDr. Stephen Cunnane - April 26, 2018https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uiEY4wligpc&feature=youtu.beDr. Cunnane 2016-7Can Ketones Help Rescue Brain Fuel Supply in Later Life? Implications for Cognitive Health during Aging and the Treatment of Alzheimer's Diseasehttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4937039/conclusion:Ketones are the brain's main alternative fuel to glucose and brain ketone uptake is still normal in MCI and in early AD, which would help explain why ketogenic interventions improve some cognitive outcomes in MCI and AD. We suggest that the brain energy deficit needs to be overcome in order to successfully develop more effective therapeutics for AD. At present, oral ketogenic supplements are the most promising means of achieving this goal.A ketogenic drink improves brain energy and some measures of cognition in mild cognitive impairment https://www.researchgate.net/publication/332575159_A_ketogenic_drink_improves_brain_energy_and_some_measures_of_cognition_in_mild_cognitive_impairmentEmulsification Increases the Acute Ketogenic Effect and Bioavailability of Medium-Chain Triglycerides in Humans: Protein, Carbohydrate, and Fat Metabolism. 7-2017https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29955713Conclusions: Emulsification increased the ketogenic effect and decreased side effects in a dose-dependent manner for single doses of MCTs ≤30 g under matching conditions. Further investigation is needed to establish whether emulsification could sustain ketogenesis and minimize side effects and therefore be used as a treatment to change brain ketone availability over a prolonged period of time. —————————COME SAY HI!!! —————————— Facebook Group about Keto: https://www.facebook.com/groups/ketonaturopath/ BLOG: https://ketonaturopath.com/ Pinterest: https://www.pinterest.com/ketonatur

Take a look at our new MCTS team member, Troy Long, and two of our many NJ SkillsUSA winners, Ellie Nash and Hudson Barry. Our fearless leaders, Mr. Orfe and Mr. Nash, take us on this journey to learn more about Mercer County Technical Schools and some have fun! Remember to listen to us on Spotify, Google Play, Amazon, and iTunes.@mctsnjwww.mcts.eduInstagram: instagram.com/mctsnjFacebook: fb.me/mctsnjTwitter: twitter.com/mctsnjYoutube: youtube.com/@mctsnjLinkedIn: linkedin.com/company/mctsnj/Cuentos De MCTS Podcast: cuentosdemcts.buzzsprout.com/

On today's show: -(1:09.526) 3 Big Things: Jury selection underway in Trump hush money trial, FBI opens criminal investigation into Baltimore Francis Scott Key Bridge collapse, & Tax Day -(4:04.143) Dallas Trial Attorney Jeremy Rosenthal on Trump hush money trial -(10:33.000) TMJ Meteorologist Tyler Moore forecasts the week of weather ahead -(13:30.000) Founder & CEO of Cancer Check Labs Sumit Rai on launch of early detection tools -(21:40.000) ABC News Correspondent Jim Ryan on avoiding an IRS audit -(29:13.402) Now at Noon: Trump hush money trial, WNBA Draft is tonight, and Americans are sleeping less and stressing more -(34:45.558) A deep dive into tax day and American Family Field becoming one of nation's best concert venues w/ MMAC Senior Advisor Tim Sheehy -(43:23.784) Rapid Intervention Team saves firefighter in house fire -(48:51.621) WTMJ Reporter Julien Johnson on MCTS' new prepayment system -(53:47.000) Americans losing sleep

In this podcast episode, Ben Azadi reveals the BEST FOODS TO RAISE HDL and clear out your arteries. ✔️ Download my FREE Keto Diet Grocery Shopping List Guide HERE: https://bit.ly/3vLTPsb

This week on "Everyday Hero" sponsored by Azura Memory Care, the Wisconsin's Morning News team honors MCTS bus driver Keyon Finkley, who while operating the Red Line near 83rd and Capitol saw a young boy naked from the waist down running into one of Milwaukee's busiest streets, and used quick thinking to step into action.

We learn about teen mental health in Wisconsin. We meet a Wisconsinite looking for love on FOX's reality dating show, "Farmer Wants a Wife." We learn about honoring the earth as a resolution for the new year. People who found love on MCTS buses.

South Boys Basketball vs. Trenton with Julian M., Eliana H., Daniyal F., John B., and Brett P., 2-9-24   The WW-P South Pirates look to ride high into MCTs in their final game of the regular season. Julian M. and Eliana H. call the action with expert breakdowns from John B, Daniyal F. and Brett P. on an exclusive basketball broadcast from 107.9 FM, WWPH, Princeton Junction.

In this episode of the Be Happy, Healthy and Wealthy podcast, the host discusses the benefits and potential drawbacks of MCT oil. MCT oil, which stands for medium chain triglyceride oil, is a supplement that has gained popularity among athletes and bodybuilders. The host explores various studies that suggest MCT oil can aid in weight loss, increase satiety, and provide a quick source of energy. Additionally, there is some evidence to suggest that MCT oil may have positive effects on managing epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease, and autism. However, the host also highlights the need for further research and cautions against excessive consumption of MCT oil due to its potential impact on heart health and hunger hormones. Overall, this episode provides valuable insights into the potential benefits and considerations of incorporating MCT oil into one's diet. KEY TAKEAWAYS MCT oil, which stands for medium chain triglyceride oil, is a supplement that has become popular among athletes and bodybuilders. MCT oil may help with weight management by increasing satiety and reducing calorie intake. MCT oil can be converted into ketones, which can be used as a source of energy for the body and the brain, especially when following a ketogenic diet. There is some evidence suggesting that MCT oil may have potential benefits for managing epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease, and autism, but more research is needed. It is important to be cautious with MCT oil consumption, as it is high in calories and may increase the risk factors for heart disease. It is best to maintain a balanced diet and consult with a doctor before incorporating MCT oil into your routine. BEST MOMENTS"There is a potential it can help people to consume fewer calories because it can increase your satiety quicker."  "MCT oil could affect the body composition and weight... it has helped moderate weight loss, fat loss, and reduced body size." "If you're following a ketogenic diet, taking MCT oil could possibly help you stay in a fat-burning state known as ketosis."  "Researchers have found that fasting increased ketone production, and this may reduce the frequency of epileptic seizures."  "MCTs contain fatty acids that fight yeast and bacterial growth... coconut oil reduced the growth of a disease-causing bacteria called Clostridium difficile."  VALUABLE RESOURCESJoin Patreon : http://www.patreon.com/drirenechingInstagram: irene.ching.777Tiktok: @ireneching777Youtube channel: Dr Irene ChingTwitter: @ireneching7777Clubhouse: @ireneching1 https://www.facebook.com/irene.ching.735LinkedIn : https://www.linkedin.com/in/irene-ching-742623219 HOST BIODr Irene Ching is a medical practitioner who specialises in Family Medicine, Wealth and Life Coach, Property/ Business Investor, Speaker, and Podcaster : Be Happy, Healthy and Wealthy. Dr Ching speaks on health, wellness and wealth in talks, workshops and events. She has her own coaching programme on money mindset - Quantum Wealth Creation Accelerator (online course with weekly coaching). She approaches health and well-being in a holistic way and encourages people to look at all the areas of their lives. In her coaching sessions, she works with emotional freedom techniques, energy works, NLP, Intuition/ Superconscious mind, Inner child healing, Timeline therapy, Self love works, behavioural change, goal settings and money attraction healing. Her motto: Reset Your Mind, Reset Your life. The podcast Be Happy Healthy and Wealthy is aimed at people who wants to be high achievers who perform at their peak performance in all aspects of life. It is about how we could be happy regardless of our circumstances, and to understand the secrets to real health and wealth; especially how to live a prosperous long life. She has been interviewing successful entrepreneurs, keynote speakers, influencers and millionaires on this important subject. So stay tuned to get the deep dive on how to be happy, healthy and wealthy- the million dollar questions!

Today, I am blessed to have here with me Michael Brandt. He is the co-founder and CEO of H.V.M.N.  Michael is an avid triathlete and marathoner (2:42 PR). Prior to starting H.V.M.N., he received his BS in Computer Science & Design at Stanford, was a Product Manager at Google, and Adjunct Professor at the Academy of Art in SF. He has always been a leader, and lifelong student, in designing products for new and emerging needs. In this episode, Michael talks about how he got involved in the biohacking space, and the inspiration behind H.V.M.N. Michael explains why Americans can significantly benefit from a ketogenic lifestyle and how exogenous ketones can fit into your diet. H.V.M.N. is a drinkable ketone; Michael describes how their products differ from their competition. Tune in as we chat about MCT powder, biohacks, and who should be careful about taking exogenous ketones.  Get your HVMN products here: https://hvmn.com/?rfsn=6500737.21298f use the coupon code KETOKAMP for 10% off your entire order. Get Keto Flex on Audible for Free (New Customers Only): https://adbl.co/36d6A24 Get Keto Flex on Audible here for current customers: https://adbl.co/3699lBm This episode originally aired in April 2022. / / E P I S O D E   S P ON S O R S  PureForm Omega Plant Based Oils (Best Alternative to Fish Oil): http://www.purelifescience.com Use ben4 for $4.00 off. Good Idea Functional Sparkling Water Drinks. Visit http://www.goodidea.us and use the coupon code BEN at checkout. Text me the words "Podcast" +1 (786) 364-5002 to be added to my contacts list.  [00:40] How Michael Got Involved In The Biohacking Space  When the keto diet started to take off, Michael wanted to figure out how ketones could be made. In 2017, Michael and his business partner launched their first ketone drink. Luckily, their first big customer was the United States Department of Defense.  It's important to know that drinking a ketone is not the same as doing a ketogenic diet. There's a lot of research going on, and it's an exciting time for ketones!  [04:10] Why You May Benefit From A Ketogenic Lifestyle  COVID highlighted the metabolic dysfunction that is going on in society.  If you have a less metabolically healthy profile, you're more susceptible to COVID. There's an even bigger pandemic than COVID; it's metabolic health. 88% of Americans are metabolically unhealthy.  All Americans can benefit from a ketogenic lifestyle because it can help improve their metabolic health.  [07:20] What Makes H.V.M.N. Different From Other Companies  A lot of brands are making great products that include exogenous ketones.  H.V.M.N. does not include any seed oils.  Their whole breakthrough was making a natural pure ketone that doesn't have salt. The ketones go directly to blood BHB and elevate your blood ketone levels. The Department of Defense was interested because they have been researching ketones since the early 2000s.  H.V.M.N. has made the most effective ketone delivery mechanism.  Overall, it works better than ketone salts. [15:35] Why You May Want To Avoid Exogenous Ketones  If you have any liver issues, then avoid exogenous ketones.  There are calories in ketones. Ketones will temporarily slow down your body's rate of producing its own ketones from fat.  So, if your goal is fasting with zero calories, you may want to avoid exogenous ketones.  You want to use exogenous ketones in conjunction with other metabolically healthy exercises.  You shouldn't have exogenous ketones on top of a bad diet.  [31:10] Some Biohacks To Try While Using Ketone-IQ Ketone-IQ™️ is a drinkable ketone designed to be taken daily to support mental clarity, athletic performance, and metabolic health. Check it out here: https://hvmn.com/?rfsn=6500737.21298f use the coupon code KETOKAMP for 10% off your entire order. Ketone-IQ can be a source of energy while doing a ketogenic lifestyle. If you are feeling sluggish, Ketone-IQ can help you immensely.  Athletes are using Ketone-IQ to improve performance.  [43:50] What To Know About C8, The Most Ketogenic MCT MCT means medium chain triglyceride. MCT fats are the most ketogenic; they can readily turn into ketones.  C8 specifically can turn into ketones endogenously better than all the other MCTs. If you're going to get any type of MCT out there, look for pure C8.  Check out MCT Oil Powder: https://hvmn.com/products/mct-oil-powder [47:10] More Products You Can Try From H.V.M.N. With Code “KETOKAMP” Boost your glow with a daily dose of Keto Collagen+.  It is super creamy and delicious; this guilt-free powder gives you beauty and health benefits from the inside out. Keto Collagen+: https://hvmn.com/products/keto-collagen-plus Plus, H.V.M.N. has many nootropics to choose from.  Rise: https://hvmn.com/products/rise Kado: https://hvmn.com/products/kado Sprint: https://hvmn.com/products/sprint Yawn: https://hvmn.com/products/yawn AND MUCH MORE! Resources from this episode:  Check out Michael's Website: https://michaelbrandt.co/ H.V.M.N.: https://hvmn.com/?rfsn=6500737.21298f use the coupon code KETOKAMP for 10% off your entire order. Follow Michael Brandt LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/mdbrandt/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/bdm_runner Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/bdm_runner/ Geoffrey Woo, Do Exogenous Ketones Work?, Fasted Workouts, Block Fasting & Biohacking: KKP 108: https://www.podchaser.com/podcasts/the-keto-kamp-podcast-with-ben-887420/episodes/geoffrey-woo-do-exogenous-keto-53877273 Dr. Christy Sutton | Epigenetics vs. Genetics, Genetic Testing, APOE4 Gene, & Fasting After a Brain Injury KKP: 377: https://podcasts.apple.com/gb/podcast/dr-christy-sutton-epigenetics-vs-genetics-genetic-testing/id1470779784?i=1000551517264 MCT Oil Powder: https://hvmn.com/products/mct-oil-powder Keto Collagen+: https://hvmn.com/products/keto-collagen-plus SandMan: https://www.mitozen.com/product/sandman-glutathione-melatonin-suppository/?v=7516fd43adaa Keto Collagen+: https://hvmn.com/products/keto-collagen-plus Rise: https://hvmn.com/products/rise Kado: https://hvmn.com/products/kado Sprint: https://hvmn.com/products/sprint Yawn: https://hvmn.com/products/yawn Join the Keto Kamp Academy: https://ketokampacademy.com/7-day-trial-a Watch Keto Kamp on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCUh_MOM621MvpW_HLtfkLyQ Get Keto Flex on Audible for Free (New Customers Only): https://adbl.co/36d6A24 Get Keto Flex on Audible here for current customers: https://adbl.co/3699lBm / / E P I S O D E   S P ON S O R S  PureForm Omega Plant Based Oils (Best Alternative to Fish Oil): http://www.purelifescience.com Use ben4 for $4.00 off. Good Idea Functional Sparkling Water Drinks. Visit http://www.goodidea.us and use the coupon code BEN at checkout. Text me the words "Podcast" +1 (786) 364-5002 to be added to my contacts list.  *Some Links Are Affiliates* // F O L L O W ▸ instagram | @thebenazadi | http://bit.ly/2B1NXKW ▸ facebook | /thebenazadi | http://bit.ly/2BVvvW6 ▸ twitter | @thebenazadi http://bit.ly/2USE0so ▸clubhouse | @thebenazadi Disclaimer: This podcast is for information purposes only. Statements and views expressed on this podcast are not medical advice. This podcast including Ben Azadi disclaim responsibility from any possible adverse effects from the use of information contained herein. Opinions of guests are their own, and this podcast does not accept responsibility of statements made by guests. This podcast does not make any representations or warranties about guests qualifications or credibility. Individuals on this podcast may have a direct or non-direct interest in products or services referred to herein. If you think you have a medical problem, consult a licensed physician.

Welcome to The Nonlinear Library, where we use Text-to-Speech software to convert the best writing from the Rationalist and EA communities into audio. This is: Possible OpenAI's Q* breakthrough and DeepMind's AlphaGo-type systems plus LLMs, published by Burny on November 23, 2023 on LessWrong. tl;dr: OpenAI leaked AI breakthrough called Q*, acing grade-school math. It is hypothesized combination of Q-learning and A*. It was then refuted. DeepMind is working on something similar with Gemini, AlphaGo-style Monte Carlo Tree Search. Scaling these might be crux of planning for increasingly abstract goals and agentic behavior. Academic community has been circling around these ideas for a while. https://www.reuters.com/technology/sam-altmans-ouster-openai-was-precipitated-by-letter-board-about-ai-breakthrough-2023-11-22/ https://twitter.com/MichaelTrazzi/status/1727473723597353386 "Ahead of OpenAI CEO Sam Altman's four days in exile, several staff researchers sent the board of directors a letter warning of a powerful artificial intelligence discovery that they said could threaten humanity Mira Murati told employees on Wednesday that a letter about the AI breakthrough called Q* (pronounced Q-Star), precipitated the board's actions. Given vast computing resources, the new model was able to solve certain mathematical problems. Though only performing math on the level of grade-school students, acing such tests made researchers very optimistic about Q*'s future success." https://twitter.com/SilasAlberti/status/1727486985336660347 "What could OpenAI's breakthrough Q* be about? It sounds like it's related to Q-learning. (For example, Q* denotes the optimal solution of the Bellman equation.) Alternatively, referring to a combination of the A* algorithm and Q learning. One natural guess is that it is AlphaGo-style Monte Carlo Tree Search of the token trajectory. It seems like a natural next step: Previously, papers like AlphaCode showed that even very naive brute force sampling in an LLM can get you huge improvements in competitive programming. The next logical step is to search the token tree in a more principled way. This particularly makes sense in settings like coding and math where there is an easy way to determine correctness. https://twitter.com/mark_riedl/status/1727476666329411975 "Anyone want to speculate on OpenAI's secret Q* project? Something similar to tree-of-thought with intermediate evaluation (like A*)? Monte-Carlo Tree Search like forward roll-outs with LLM decoder and q-learning (like AlphaGo)? Maybe they meant Q-Bert, which combines LLMs and deep Q-learning Before we get too excited, the academic community has been circling around these ideas for a while. There are a ton of papers in the last 6 months that could be said to combine some sort of tree-of-thought and graph search. Also some work on state-space RL and LLMs." https://www.theverge.com/2023/11/22/23973354/a-recent-openai-breakthrough-on-the-path-to-agi-has-caused-a-stir OpenAI spokesperson Lindsey Held Bolton refuted it: "refuted that notion in a statement shared with The Verge: "Mira told employees what the media reports were about but she did not comment on the accuracy of the information."" https://www.wired.com/story/google-deepmind-demis-hassabis-chatgpt/ Google DeepMind's Gemini, that is currently the biggest rival with GPT4, which was delayed to the start of 2024, is also trying similar things: AlphaZero-based MCTS through chains of thought, according to Hassabis. Demis Hassabis: "At a high level you can think of Gemini as combining some of the strengths of AlphaGo-type systems with the amazing language capabilities of the large models. We also have some new innovations that are going to be pretty interesting." https://twitter.com/abacaj/status/1727494917356703829 Aligns with DeepMind Chief AGI scientist Shane Legg saying: "To do really creative problem solving you need to start searching." https://twitter.com/iamgingertrash/status/1727482695356494132 "...

Halloween Episode – Travel Horror Stories Episode 20: Show Notes While it may not be horror like Freddy Krueger or Michael Myers, today's episode will definitely send chills down the spines of travelers as we share our experiences of when travel went horribly wrong. It's easy to fall victim to scams in foreign countries as your unfamiliarity with the region makes you stick out as a prime target. So, we begin our conversation by assessing some scams to be wary of during your travels, including transportation disasters that could've been avoided with the right knowledge. Then, we discuss how theft is more common at airports than we may think, how to travel with money in a safe way,, and all the debacles we've experienced with layovers and missed flights. Finally, we're given a quick lesson in devaluation and why you should always book first and ask questions later, before ending with a shoutout to the SkyMiles frenzy of September 2023. Key Points From This Episode: [01:01] Travel scams to be wary of. [03:36] How Thomas was duped by a taxi driver in Shanghai. [05:49] Avoiding disaster in Doha. [07:00] How to evade being scammed by transportation services. [10:35] Daylight robbery in Europe. [15:35] What to look out for regarding theft in foreign airports, and some travel money tips. [20:30] Problems we've encountered just before takeoff, and the trouble of MCTs. [27:51] The TAM Lounge in Rio de Janeiro, and the layover debacle that followed. [32:20] Why you should always be flexible and provide booking agents with multiple options. [33:15] More layover horror stories. [42:38] How Tom missed his first-ever transatlantic flight. [45:18] A lesson in devaluation. [48:18] An honorable mention of the SkyMiles craziness from earlier this year. Quotes: “These are some of the things where hopefully people can learn from some of our mistakes. It's not all perfect; you don't get to be an experienced travel person [without] encountering some travails.” — @TktweetsKim [0:47] “I think the problem with us in particular is that airport's are our second home. For some of us, this is the area where we thrive and we enjoy it. So sometimes, you have to calibrate a little – you can still enjoy the place, just have your eyes and ears open.” — @TktweetsKim [20:13] “Be flexible; learn from your mistakes; learn from all these bad experiences and hopefully you don't repeat them.” — @TktweetsKim [45:10] Links Mentioned in Today's Episode: Delta Alaska Airlines LATAM Airlines Air Canada Air France Episode 27 - Alaska breaks Trevor's heart Emirates SkyMiles The Milenomics Podcast Network Thomas Kim on X Trevor Mountcastle on X

“Negative perception of aging was the strongest correlation to accelerated biological aging” ~ Mike Mutzel A new 40-year study gives new life to— “The older the violin, the sweeter the music.” Believing that is true, having a positive outlook on aging, has been proven to slow the biological aging process. Small changes are the starting point for longevity and those changes begin inside our minds. My guest and I break down the details and give you a ton of actionable steps to take toward longevity. Mike Mutzel, aka Metabolic Mike, is a four-time guest who holds a Bachelor of Science degree from Western Washington University. Also has a Masters in Clinical Nutrition from the University of Bridgeport, is an Institute for Functional Medicine graduate, and he's a legend in the health and fitness arena. Mike is also a successful author, and founder of MYOXCIENCE Nutrition. Listen as Mike and I dig into the ongoing Dunedin Study that has spanned 40 years. Learn how you can use the findings to slow the aging process without sweeping lifestyle changes. Simply making up your mind that you have control over your biological age has been proven to get the ball rolling on longevity. Get ready to take notes because this episode is full of science-backed steps anyone can take to fight off Father Time and avoid total dependence on pharma-fixes, while feeling better mentally and physically. In this episode you'll discover: A 40-year study highlighting factors affecting how we age How mind over matter is true with aging A commercially available test to view your biological age The army of unhealthy factors afflicting us daily and ways to combat them Why you should train for balance and proprioception Grandkids' effect on aging Easy effective cognition exercises What a study on grip strength tells us about biological aging Surprising facts on cholesterol's link to reaching 100 years old Impactful tips on clearing your body of environmental toxins Alarming facts about pesticides that make farmers markets more appealing In-depth breakdown of weight loss drugs like Ozempic Mindful eating and other gut health insights Ways to lose weight naturally without $300/month prescriptions A key side-effect of unnaturally curbed appetite Thyroid and pancreatic concerns with Ozempic How grace toward yourself and micro changes can lead to improved health Items mentioned in this episode include: Onnit.com/model — Save an exclusive 10% on performance supplements & tools! HVMN.com/model — Save 30% on your first subscription order of Ketone-IQ! PaleoValley.com/model — Use code MODEL for 15% off! EatSmarterCookbook.com — Order the cookbook today & claim your bonuses! Dunedin Study — main findings The Telomere Effect: A Revolutionary Approach to Living Younger, Healthier, Longer Trudiagnostic.com — Discover your biological age Faithful Harvest: The True Story of a Small Town, a Global Industry, and a Toxic Secret High Intensity Health — Mike Mutzel's YouTube Channel Join TMHS Facebook community - Model Nation  Be sure you are subscribed to this podcast to automatically receive your episodes:  Apple Podcasts Stitcher Spotify Soundcloud   Thanks to our Sponsors! This episode is brought to you by Onnit. I wanted to share something with you that's the result of a couple of studies looking at how a certain fat can actually help to burn fat. A randomized double-blind study published in the International Journal of Obesity and Related Metabolic Disorders placed participants on a reduced calorie diet that included either supplemental MCTs, medium chain triglycerides, or supplemental long-chain triglycerides, or LCTs. After the data was compiled, it was revealed that the group who included MCT oil lost more weight, eliminated more body fat, and experienced higher levels of satiety. Again, same calorie-restricted diet, but adding in the MCTs led to more fat loss. Another study, this was cited in the International Journal of Obesity and Related Metabolic Disorders as well as a separate study. And this revealed that MCTs are able to boost oxidation of stored fat while increasing our satiety at the same time, so burning fat while we're still feeling satisfied. Now here's why this matters. The study also noted that MCTs enabled study participants to retain more of their muscle mass during the weight loss process. So this was supportive of not just weight loss but actual fat loss and retention of our lean tissue. There's something special about MCT oil, but as with everything today, the sourcing is critically important. This is pretty much a daily thing for me, having some MCT oil included somewhere in my nutrition protocol, whether it's blended into a tea or coffee or a smoothie or a salad dressing, there are so many different ways to utilize MCTs, but where you get it from truly does matter. We have to make sure that we're getting our MCT oil from companies that have integrity, that have high-quality sourcing, and also avoiding a lot of toxicants that come along with a lot of supplements today. For my MCT oil, I'm getting it from Onnit. Onnit is a premier human-performance company. And when you go to onnit.com/model, you get 10% off their incredible MCT oil. That's onnit.com/model, you get 10% off their MCT oil and all of their health and human-performance supplements and foods. All right? Huge fan of Onnit, it's a staple in my superfood cabinet. Head over there, check them out, onnit.com/model for 10% off. This episode is brought to you by HVMN. I wanna share something with you that has been fueling my workouts recently. Numerous studies, including a study published by the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology, AKA, the FASEB Journal, have found that exogenous ketones can be up to 28% more efficient in generating energy than glucose alone, and because of this, something that... Listen, there are so many different supplements that are out there on the market, very few things do you experience a change the first day. Now, this isn't true for everybody, but for me, this was the case, I was shocked. I actually took time stepping away from everything else that I was doing as far as supplementation around training, gave myself a break, and then did this with a lot of focus and intention to see, Hey, what are the kind of results that I could see by utilizing Ketone-IQ? And I was really just blown away. My stamina was significantly increased, but more so, my recovery afterwards, it was really impressive. I just felt like I could do so much more than I normally do. And I'm somebody who really prides myself on being a high performer and being able to really challenge my limits and do exceptional things. And so to do what I was typically doing and then have energy left in the tank, I was just like, "Wow, this is something special, I need to tell more people about this." So right now, you can head over to hvmn.com/model, and they're going to give you 30% off of your first subscription order, it'll be taken off automatically at checkout. And I'm telling you, this is the real deal. Go to hvmn.com/model, check out Ketone-IQ today.  This episode is brought to you by Paleovalley. I've got some very bad news for you about vitamin C supplements. Most people have no idea that typical vitamin C supplements are made from corn syrup or corn starch derived from GMO crops. The synthetic ascorbic acid found in most vitamin C supplements is structurally similar to naturally-derived whole-food sources of vitamin C, but they are not the same thing. Whole food and whole-food concentrates of vitamin C have hundreds of other bioactive cofactors that make vitamin C work miraculously in our bodies, while synthetic vitamin C is the very definition of a one-trick pony. In fact, by being devoid of essential cofactors, synthetic vitamin C supplements can be outright harmful to your health. For instance, a 2013 study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association Internal Medicine found that participants taking synthetic vitamin C supplements had twice the risk of developing kidney stones. Another study, the researchers at USC found that a daily dose of synthetic vitamin C thickened the walls of participants' arteries two and a half times faster than those not taking the synthetic supplement. This is absolutely insane because, number one, it's one of the most popular standalone supplements in the world and commonly found in most multivitamins. Number two, whole-food based, whole-food concentrates of real vitamin C are remarkably effective in lowering the risk of cardiovascular disease, even in people engaged in high-risk behaviors like smoking. A randomized placebo-controlled study published in the Journal of Cardiology had 20 smokers consume a whole-food concentrated vitamin C in the form of camu camu berry over the course of a one-week study. And it led to significantly lowered oxidative stress and lowered inflammatory biomarkers. What's more? There were no changes in these markers in the placebo group who received an ordinary synthetic vitamin C supplement. Because of the damage humans have done to the soil microbiome, levels of vitamin C are notably lower in typical foods. That's why I have been utilizing a whole-food vitamin C concentrate blend of camu camu berry, acerola cherry, and amla berry for years, and I'm on a mission to spread awareness about this and get people off synthetic vitamin C supplements. The essential C complex from Paleovalley is all organic, no synthetic ingredients and no fillers, plus it has a 60-day 100% moneyback guarantee, so if you aren't absolutely thrilled with it, you'll receive a full refund, no questions asked. Go to paleovalley.com/model right now and you'll automatically receive 15% off of your order at checkout. Vitamin C is critical for our immune system health but also the health of our heart, our brain, our skin and so much more. Target organic whole-food sources of vitamin C, and if you're going to supplement, make sure it's a whole food concentrate and not synthetic vitamin C. Go to paleovalley.com/model, that's paleovalley.com/model right now for 15% off.

Today I chat with Mary Newport about using Medium Chain Triglycerides and ketones as a way to help with brain diseases like dementia and Alzheimers. For more on Mary's work visit here https://coconutketones.comBuy a Come and Take It sticker Buy us a CoffeeFollow us on Instagram https://www.instagram.com/thejuniperlab/ Follow us on Rumble https://rumble.com/user/TheJuniperLabAppleSpotifyRSS feed https://api.substack.com/feed/podcast/165109.rss This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit thejuniperlab.substack.com

Today, I am blessed to have here with me Dr. Steven Gundry. He is a cum laude graduate of Yale University with special honors in Human Biological and Social Evolution. After graduating Alpha Omega Alpha from the Medical College of Georgia School of Medicine, Dr. Steven Gundry completed residencies in General Surgery and Thoracic Surgery at the University of Michigan and served as a Clinical Associate at the National Institutes of Health for years. There, he invented devices that reverse the cell death seen in acute heart attacks; variations of these devices subsequently became the Gundry™ Retrograde Cardioplegia Cannula. It has become the world's most widely used device of its kind to protect the heart from damage during open-heart surgery.  In 2002, Dr. Gundry met someone who would change the trajectory of his career… and life. He crossed paths with an "inoperable" patient named “Big Ed”. Using a combination of dietary changes and nutraceutical supplements — Big Ed lost weight and cleared most of his arterial blockages. An obese, chronic "diet" failure himself, Dr. Gundry adapted his Yale University thesis to design a diet for himself based on evolutionary genetic coding. On this diet, he lost weight — to the tune of 70 pounds — and reversed his own ailments, such as migraines, pre-diabetic status, and arthritis. He stopped eating sugar, grains, peanuts and cashews, nightshades and other lectin-heavy foods. Having experienced weight loss and the results of eating a lectin-free and gluten-free diet himself, and inspired by growing research involving the NIH's Human Microbiome Project, his commitment to better health and longevity through a better diet solidified. His work creating nutraceutical products and supplements advanced. He is now the leading expert on the lectin-free lifestyle as the key to reversing disease and healing a leaky gut. Dr. Steven Gundry freely shares his research on how to maintain a healthy microbiome and live a long, vital life via his best-selling books, YouTube channel, Gundry MD blogs, and weekly health podcast, The Dr. Gundry Podcast. In this episode, Dr. Gundry defines ketosis and explains the direct benefit that ketones have on the brain. Plus, Dr. Gundry dives deep into the mitochondria and why they have to uncouple to survive. You'll find out what the “mito club” is and why calorie restriction is a non-starter, and it simply does not work. Tune in as we chat all about MCT oil, melatonin, and the benefits of sheep and goat dairy.  Order Keto Flex: http://www.ketoflexbook.com JOIN MY 90 DAY HEAVY METALS DETOX PROGRAM (9 SPOTS LEFT): HTTP://WWW.KETOKAMPDETOX.COM  -------------------------------------------------------- / / E P I S O D E   S P ON S O R S  Biotiquest Sugar Shift product. Regulate glucose, reduce cravings, achieve deeper ketosis, and remove glyphaste.  https://biotiquest.com/products/sugar-shift Use the coupon code KAMP10 for 10% off their products.  Bioptimizers Masszymes for better digestion on keto and carnivore. Get your FREE bottle of Masszymes right now by heading to http://www.masszymes.com/ketofree and use coupon code ketokamp10 .  Text me the words "Podcast" +1 (786) 364-5002 to be added to my contacts list.  [00:50] Dr. Gundry Gives His Definition of Ketosis  Generating ketone bodies is done by free fatty acids entering the liver from circulation.  The liver can convert free fatty acids into ketone bodies. Ketone bodies are short-chain fats that are water-soluble.  Ketones have a distinct benefit in getting to the brain, which free fatty acids can't because they're too big to get through the blood-brain barrier. Ketosis should happen every night after about eight hours of not eating if you are metabolically flexible.  50% of ordinary people are not metabolically flexible.  [03:50] Uncoupling To Survive: How The Mitochondria Release Pressure  Dr. Gundry recommends reading Uncoupling To Survive: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11053672/ When you're starving to death, mitochondria have to save themselves at all costs.  If mitochondria die, then it's all over.  Making energy is hard work; it's very damaging to mitochondria.  Mitochondria have to have ways of protecting themselves, and one of the ways they protect themselves is to release pressure.  There are five pressure release valves for the mitochondria.  We couple oxygen and protons to make ATP. If we uncouple the burning of oxygen from making ATP, that's how we release pressure.  [21:05] The Reason, Most People, Cannot Get Into Ketosis Right Away  Most people can not get into ketosis by following a high-fat diet because they lack metabolic flexibility.  Many people are insulin resistant. Their cells no longer listen to insulin, so insulin keeps rising and rising.  It can take three to four weeks to liberate fat from fat cells on a ketogenic diet because insulin levels stay high for so long.  The ketogenic diet came about to treat childhood epilepsy.   If you put kids on an MCT oil-based diet, with only about 50% of their calories coming from fat, they would get the same benefit as the full-blown ketogenic diet. [32:25] The “Mito Club” - How Your Body Is Just Like A Nightclub  The mito club has one entrance, and there is only one exit.  If everything works out okay, a proton and electron will couple and exit the mito club.  However, there are a lot more electrons than there are protons.  Electrons will also couple with oxygen; it's a bad match.  The mito club needs to be cleaned up every night after closing.  [38:40] Calorie Restriction Is A Non-Starter, and It Doesn't Work  The best way to expand lifespan and healthspan is calorie restriction.  However, calorie restriction is a non-starter, and it doesn't work.  Calorie-restricted animals are profoundly hungry.  A study found that the animals with time-restricted eating lived 11% longer than the animals who ate the same amount of food but ate throughout the day.  This concept has been proven in humans as well. [47:05] The Major Health Benefit of Taking MCT Oil or Powder  30% of sheep and goat dairy is MCT.  MCTs are an excellent fat that goes directly to our liver, where they are automatically converted into ketones.  You can have insulin resistance, take MCTs, and generate ketones.  A tablespoon of MCT oil will have you generating adequate amounts of ketones to begin uncoupling mitochondria.  MCTs are easy to take; you can mix them in salad dressing.  Many females have issues with MCT oils and their stomachs, so start slow. Powered MCTs work well for women.  [53:35] You Have Melatonin All Wrong: It May Have Nothing To Do With Sleep  Pistachios actually have the highest melatonin content of any food. The Mediterranean diet gets melatonin from olive oil, red wine, and mushrooms.  Melatonin isn't there to put you to sleep. Instead, it's there to repair mitochondria.  Also, melatonin may be one of the secrets of cancer therapy.  Dr. Gundry has cancer patients on up to 100 milligrams a day of melatonin.  Check out Melatonin The Miracle Molecule: https://www.ultimatecellularreset.com/product/melatonin-the-miracle-molecule/ AND MUCH MORE! Resources from this episode:  Check out Dr. Gundry's Website: https://drgundry.com/ (use code “gundry30”) Follow Dr. Gundry Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/drstevengundry/ Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/DrStevenGundry/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/drgundry YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCtxo0nTZjzlKJq5-vJq6s6g Unlocking the Keto Code: The Revolutionary New Science of Keto That Offers More Benefits Without Deprivation: https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0063118386/benazadi-20 Listen to The Dr. Gundry Podcast: https://drgundry.com/the-dr-gundry-podcast/ Uncoupling to Survive: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11053672/ Melatonin The Miracle Molecule: https://www.ultimatecellularreset.com/product/melatonin-the-miracle-molecule/ Join the Keto Kamp Academy: https://ketokampacademy.com/7-day-trial-a Watch Keto Kamp on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCUh_MOM621MvpW_HLtfkLyQ Order Keto Flex: http://www.ketoflexbook.com JOIN MY 90 DAY HEAVY METALS DETOX PROGRAM (9 SPOTS LEFT): HTTP://WWW.KETOKAMPDETOX.COM  -------------------------------------------------------- / / E P I S O D E   S P ON S O R S  Biotiquest Sugar Shift product. Regulate glucose, reduce cravings, achieve deeper ketosis, and remove glyphaste.  https://biotiquest.com/products/sugar-shift Use the coupon code KAMP10 for 10% off their products.  Bioptimizers Masszymes for better digestion on keto and carnivore. Get your FREE bottle of Masszymes right now by heading to http://www.masszymes.com/ketofree and use coupon code ketokamp10 .  Text me the words "Podcast" +1 (786) 364-5002 to be added to my contacts list.  *Some Links Are Affiliates* // F O L L O W ▸ instagram | @thebenazadi | http://bit.ly/2B1NXKW ▸ facebook | /thebenazadi | http://bit.ly/2BVvvW6 ▸ twitter | @thebenazadi http://bit.ly/2USE0so ▸clubhouse | @thebenazadi Disclaimer: This podcast is for information purposes only. Statements and views expressed on this podcast are not medical advice. This podcast including Ben Azadi disclaim responsibility from any possible adverse effects from the use of information contained herein. Opinions of guests are their own, and this podcast does not accept responsibility of statements made by guests. This podcast does not make any representations or warranties about guests qualifications or credibility. Individuals on this podcast may have a direct or non-direct interest in products or services referred to herein. If you think you have a medical problem, consult a licensed physician.

This monthly episode is an adventure! Come join us on this wild ride. Our fearless leaders, Mr. Orfe and Mr. Nash, take us on this journey to learn more about Mercer County Technical Schools and have fun! Remember to listen to us on Spotify, Google Play, Amazon, and iTunes.00:00 - Welcome04:36 - Electrical05:57 - HSA07:35 - Superintendent11:41 - Medical Office Assistant13:25 - Culinary16:30 - Assunpink Principal18:56 - Cosmetology19:59 - HSA21:50 - Student Helpers23:10 - Sypek Principal23:57 - Keynote Speaker26:01 - Auto Technology26:56 - Auto Collision27:55 - STEM29:03 - Closing Remarks@mctsnjwww.mcts.eduInstagram: instagram.com/mctsnjFacebook: fb.me/mctsnjTwitter: twitter.com/mctsnjYoutube: youtube.com/@mctsnjLinkedIn: linkedin.com/company/mctsnj/Cuentos De MCTS Podcast: cuentosdemcts.buzzsprout.com/

In episode 76 of The Gradient Podcast, Andrey Kurenkov speaks to Dr Christoffer HolmgårdDr. Holmgård is a co-founder and the CEO of Modl.ai, which is building AI Engine for game development. Before starting the company, Christoffer was director of the indie game studio Die Gute Fabrik (which is German for "The Good Factory"), and has also done extensive research as an assistant professor in AI and Machine Learning for Games at Northeastern University. Have suggestions for future podcast guests (or other feedback)? Let us know here or reach us at editor@thegradient.pubSubscribe to The Gradient Podcast:  Apple Podcasts  | Spotify | Pocket Casts | RSSFollow The Gradient on TwitterOutline:(00:00) Intro(01:30) History with video games (06:30) History with AI(09:40) Modeling stress responses in virtual environments(13:30) Play style personas from empirical data(17:15) Automating video game testing(21:00) Video game development(28:15) modl.ai(33:45) Automated playtesting with procedural personas through MCTS with evolved heuristics(35:40) Thoughts on recent AI progress(40:50) RL for game testing(44:40) AI in Minecraft(47:50) Impact of AI on video game development(01:00:00) Ethics of Gen AI (01:06:20) Hobbies / Interests (01:08:30) Outro Get full access to The Gradient at thegradientpub.substack.com/subscribe

We look at the funding issues facing the Milwaukee County Transit System. We hear from the brother and father of Julian Assange. We look at what a tuition hike in the UW System will mean for students. Plus, a local man who was incarcerated as a teenager shares what challenges he's faced since his release.

This monthly episode is about CTE Month! Adam Vacirca, our Student Successful Graduate winner, discusses his career and how MCTS helped his success. We have a teacher tip from Mrs. Cardinale, our cosmetology instructor. We also have Sue Rodriguez, a cosmetology student, to discuss her experience and future. Our fearless leaders, Mr. Orfe and Mr. Nash take us on this journey to learn more about Mercer County Technical Schools and have fun! Remember to listen to us on Spotify, Google Play, Amazon, and iTunes.0:00 - Welcome8:08 - Featured Guest - Adam Vacirca20:50 - Student of the Week - Sue Rodriquez27:33 - Teacher Tip - Cosmetology - Mrs. Cardinale34:19 - Closing Remarks@mctsnjwww.mcts.eduInstagram: instagram.com/mctsnjFacebook: fb.me/mctsnjTwitter: twitter.com/mctsnjYoutube: youtube.com/@mctsnjLinkedIn: linkedin.com/company/mctsnj/Cuentos De MCTS Podcast: cuentosdemcts.buzzsprout.com/

This monthly episode is about our students and the above-and-beyond effort they put into our school. We have a teacher tip from Mr. Hummel, our Criminalistic instructor. We also have Kenisha and Bernita, our student representatives for MCTS, to discuss their new recycling program. Our fearless leaders, Mr. Orfe and Mr. Nash take us on this journey to learn more about Mercer County Technical Schools and have fun along the way! Remember to listen to us on Spotify, Google Play, Amazon, and iTunes.00:00 - Welcome9:31 - Student of the Week - Kenisha and Bernita18:01 - Teacher Tip - Criminalistics22:56 - Closing Remarks@mctsnjwww.mcts.eduInstagram: instagram.com/mctsnjFacebook: fb.me/mctsnjTwitter: twitter.com/mctsnjYoutube: youtube.com/@mctsnjLinkedIn: linkedin.com/company/mctsnj/

Hello dog lovers! Are you confused about giving your dog Coconut Oil? Well, we're here with Charisa Antigua and Carmina O'Connor and they are going to help dispel the top coconut oil myths and share why this oil is actually the healthiest oil to give. Want to be the best advocate for your dog's health and wellness? Well, we need to be educated in the science of canine nutrition and this is a great learning opportunity to learn about how fats affect our dogs and why MCTs in coconut oil are beneficial. What are the different forms of coconut oil? You'll also learn about all of the benefits of coconut oil and how it can help your dog with seizures, allergies, GI issues, dental health and much, much more. Coconut oil as a health aid was recognized in Ayurvedic medicine almost 4000 years ago. How can it help with your dog's health?

Today, I am blessed to have here with me Damon Sununtnasuk. He is the founder and CEO of the Sunt Group and Palmara Health which is previously named Nature Cure Labs. He has received numerous awards and recognitions in 2020. These awards include but are not limited to Company of the Year - Health Products & Services, Health & Wellness Nutrition Manufacturer of the Year, 10 Most Influential CEOs in 2022, and many more. Damon is also part of the board of directors of the University of Florida Alumni Association. Damon was born and raised in Florida where he graduated Magna Cum Laude from the University of Florida with the degree of Bachelor of Science in Business Administration. He had an opportunity to live overseas which is why he was able to take his Master of Business Administration at the University of Cambridge.  After living overseas, Damon came back to the United States in the year 2015. During this time, he experienced various serendipity. One of them is not having a way of looking after his health. At the time, he was also surrounded by the technological industry, entrepreneurial spirit, and startups. Aside from that, his group of friends was also into MCTs for health purposes which triggered his curiosity. There was even a time when he discovered "oil pulling" which is the process of putting coconut oil in the mouth for 10 minutes before spitting it out to help remove dirt and help maintain the health of your teeth and gums. After these events, he began to research MCTs where he was able to discover the different therapeutic benefits of Medium-Chain Triglycerides. Together with his desire to improve his health and the will to help others, he was able to establish his company in 2015. Currently, they have 3 manufacturing facilities and 35 warehouses in the United States. In this episode, Damon discusses Medium-Chain Triglycerides, specifically Monolaurin, and their role and benefits to the body. He talks about different studies about it and briefly discusses how these supplements are collected and made. He also mentions the Monolaurin product that his company offers. Get your monolaurin supplements with a discount here: Visit https://www.naturalcurelabs.com/products/?ref=KetoKamp Use the coupon code ketokamp for 10% off Take my FREE toxicity quiz to determine your level of toxicity. Visit www.toxicmiami.com for the free quiz. / / E P I S O D E   S P ON S O R S  Paleo Valley beef sticks, apple cider vinegar complex, organ meat complex & more. Use the coupon code KETOKAMP15 over at https://paleovalley.com/ to receive 15% off your entire order. Upgraded Formulas Upgraded Magnesium & Charge Electrolyte Supplements: http://www.upgradedformulas.com Use KK15 at checkout for 15% off your order.  Text me the words "Podcast" +1 (786) 364-5002 to be added to my contacts list.  [03:36] Medium Chain Triglycerides and its Benefits in the Body Plant fats contain medium chain triglycerides, coconut oil is a common example. 90% of the fats in coconut oil are saturated fats in which 50% of these saturated fats are MCTs. The health benefits of MCTs have been studied over the years. Some people put it on their coffee, protein shakes, food and etc. When MCTs have been converted in the body, it becomes monolaurin. The three main types of MCTs are Capric, Caprylic, and Lauric Acid. They bring benefits to the body by giving immune support and regulation as well as an aid in ketosis. Damon is focusing on Lauric Acid as based on their research, it helps in immune, digestive, and inflammatory support. [11:33] Everything About Monolaurin: Role and Benefits in the Body Damon read a study about the use of Monolaurin to fight off Giardia Lamblia, one of the most common causes of malnutrition. One of the studies Damon has read used Monolaurin to try cure Giardia Lamblia on animal subjects in which the cure rates reached over 90%.  On the other hand, Damon has also read another study wherein Monolaurin was used on the animal subjects first before giving Giardia Lamblia. 60% of the test subjects didn't get sick. Research shows that Monolaurin helps in breaking down the protective envelope of the DNA and RNA viruses. Breast milk contains 6.5% of Monolaurin. Monolaurin can be found on coconut oil and palm oil. However, palm oil can only be harvested on sensitive environments which can affect natural habitats which is why coconut oil is more preferred. [20:21] The Different Ways You Can Take Monolaurin Before taking any supplements, you must contact a health professional in order to determine the right dosage for you to take. Introductory dose - Taking Monolaurin once a day, once every other day, and slowly increasing that up into the therapeutic dosage you're looking to get as an individual. Maintenance - In this way, monolaurin is taken daily to help maintain and regulate the healthy immune response.  Some people also take Monolaurin when they feel sick or immunocompromised.  [25:30] How Safe is Monolaurin for the Body? Monolaurin, under its chemical name 'Glycerol Monolaurin', is included on the 'Generally Recognized as Safe' list of the FDA. Different studies have not indicated a limit on the use of Monolaurin. Monolaurin impacts gut health. Research suggests that the continuous use of Monolaurin does not creates resistance in the body. [27:38] What Should You Do Before Buying a Product? Check out product testimonials posted on the website or marketplaces. Some product reviews are incentivized and not true so you should try and search about it first. Research through trusted websites like PubMed, familiarized yourself on different products, the science, the background, then the mechanics of it all and sort of trust the science and not necessarily someone's opinion. AND MUCH MORE! Resources from this episode:  Website Get your monolaurin supplements with a discount here: Visit https://www.naturalcurelabs.com/products/?ref=KetoKamp Use the coupon code ketokamp for 10% off Check out Nature Cure Labs on social meida Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/NaturalCureLabs Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/naturalcurelabs/ Check out Damon Sununtnasuk LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/damonsun/ Academic Resources: PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ Monolaurin and More: https://www.monolaurinandmore.com/articles/monolaurin-keto-diet Studies referenced: Using monolaurin pre- and post- infection: Fahmy ZH, Aly E, Shalsh I, Mohamed AH. The effect of medium chain saturated fatty acid (monolaurin) on levels of the cytokines on experimental animal in Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lamblia infection. African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology. January 2014. https://academicjournals.org/journal/AJPP/article-abstract/0C0410F43049 Monolaurin and Ketosis: Avgerinos, Konstantinos I, et al. “Medium Chain Triglycerides induce mild ketosis and may improve cognition in Alzheimer's disease. A systematic review and meta-analysis of human studies.” Ageing Research Reviews, 2020.  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31870908/ Customer Reviews: (you can choose to read a couple testimonials in the intro / outro) 600mg Premium Monolaurin: https://www.amazon.com/Natural-Cure-Labs-Premium-Monolaurin/dp/B017RHHEVG?ref_=ast_sto_dp&th=1#customerReviews 800mg Extra Strength: https://www.amazon.com/Natural-Cure-Labs-Strength-Monolaurin/dp/B07GQ1RQHW?ref_=ast_sto_dp&th=1#customerReviews 1:1 L-Lysine + Monolaurin: https://www.amazon.com/Natural-Cure-Labs-L-Lysine-Monolaurin/dp/B07VNV2ZKP?ref_=ast_sto_dp#customerReviews  Monolaurin mechanisms in the body: Research on monolaurin's impact on cell mechanisms or organs (ie: liver) is limited, but here is some research. Please don't attribute this to me, as it could be seen as a disease claim. “When monolaurin is consumed, it circulates in the bloodstream & is metabolized in a delayed fashion over 8-12 hours. Monolaurin is not excreted or detoxified out of the body. Instead, it is turned into energy in the form of ketones, [which in turn can] support ketone levels in the body.” -          https://dralexrinehart.com/articles/monolaurin-a-secret-coconut-oil-compound-with-powerful-immune-benefits/ “When coconut oil is consumed, the medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs) are broken down into individual medium chain fatty acids and monoglycerides, which can kill or inactivate pathogenic microorganisms inside the body. The antiviral action, attributed to monolaurin (the monoglyceride of lauric acid), is that of solubilizing the lipids and phospholipids in the envelope of the pathogenic organisms causing the disintegration of their outer membrane. There is also evidence that MCFA interfere with the organism's signal transduction and the antimicrobial effect in viruses is due to interference with virus assembly and viral maturation.” -          Arora, Rajesh, et al. “Potential of Complementary and Alternative Medicine in Preventive Management of Novel H1N1 Flu (Swine Flu) Pandemic: Thwarting Potential Disasters in the Bud.” Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 13 Oct. 2010. “[Monolaurin] removes the M protein from the virus envelope resulted in loss of envelope integrity, which is essential for virus infectivity… the loss of envelope integrity results in loss of infectious virus titer” -          Hierholzer, John C, and Jon J Kabara. “In Vitro Effects of Monolaurin Compounds on Enveloped DNA and RNA Viruses.” Journal of Food Safety, vol. 4, no. 1, Mar. 1982, pp. 1–12. “Medium-chain saturated and long-chain unsaturated fatty acids, on the other hand, were all highly active against the enveloped viruses... Antiviral fatty acids were found to affect the viral envelope, causing leakage and at higher concentrations, a complete disintegration of the envelope and the viral particles. They also caused disintegration of the plasma membranes of tissue culture cells resulting in cell lysis and death.” -          Thormar, H, and et al. “Inactivation of Enveloped Viruses and Killing of Cells by Fatty Acids and Monoglycerides.” Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, doi:10.1128/AAC.31.1.27. Watch Keto Kamp on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCUh_MOM621MvpW_HLtfkLyQ Take my FREE toxicity quiz to determine your level of toxicity. Visit www.toxicmiami.com for the free quiz. / / E P I S O D E   S P ON S O R S  Paleo Valley beef sticks, apple cider vinegar complex, organ meat complex & more. Use the coupon code KETOKAMP15 over at https://paleovalley.com/ to receive 15% off your entire order. Upgraded Formulas Upgraded Magnesium & Charge Electrolyte Supplements: http://www.upgradedformulas.com Use KK15 at checkout for 15% off your order.  Text me the words "Podcast" +1 (786) 364-5002 to be added to my contacts list.  *Some Links Are Affiliates* // F O L L O W ▸ instagram | @thebenazadi | http://bit.ly/2B1NXKW ▸ facebook | /thebenazadi | http://bit.ly/2BVvvW6 ▸ twitter | @thebenazadi http://bit.ly/2USE0so ▸ tiktok | @thebenazadi https://www.tiktok.com/@thebenazadi Disclaimer: This podcast is for information purposes only. Statements and views expressed on this podcast are not medical advice. This podcast including Ben Azadi disclaim responsibility from any possible adverse effects from the use of information contained herein. Opinions of guests are their own, and this podcast does not accept responsibility of statements made by guests. This podcast does not make any representations or warranties about guests qualifications or credibility. Individuals on this podcast may have a direct or non-direct interest in products or services referred to herein. If you think you have a medical problem, consult a licensed physician.

TIMESTAMPS01:37 How Zack started his health journey05:41 Starting his own companies in healthy snacks and supplements categories11:26 Explaining the process of creating a supplement13:59 Fat-soluble vitamins that Zack recommends 22:05 How supplementing on BCAAs and creatine helped Anthony recover from an injury30:49 How would a consumer know that a supplement product is legit and safe39:01 Can you use MCT oil for cookingABOUT ZACK SCHREIERAt age 11, Zack was diagnosed with Type 1 Diabetes. The diagnosis forced him to take his health seriously from a young age. He is now the CEO of Lifestacks, a supplements company offering performance MCTs in powdered form that promises all-day energy and fasting support. Zack also created Quevos®, the world's first crisp made from egg whites, which gained notoriety through appearances on Shark Tank and in popular publications such as Delish, Forbes, Women's Health, and Popsugar. CONNECT WITH ZACKhttps://www.linkedin.com/in/zack-schreier-808935137/----------------------------

Check out our new Patreon page! Get access to the Boundless Body Radio Premium Podcast, with a new episode added every other week! Other perks include early releases of our episodes, extended video content, and group and one on one coaching!Dr. Mary T. Newport practiced neonatology in Florida for 30 years and served as founding medical director for two newborn intensive care units in the Tampa Bay area. Her focus shifted in 2008 when she somewhat famously found a nutritional intervention that supplied ketones as alternative fuel for the brain for her husband Steve Newport with early-onset Alzheimer's disease. Steve responded dramatically to consuming medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs) from coconut oil which produce ketones when consumed. She is author of several books, including The Complete Book of Ketones: A Practical Guide to Ketogenic Diets and Ketone Supplements, and her latest book,  Clearly Keto: For Healthy Brain Aging and Alzheimer's Prevention, which came out in November of 2022! Dr. Newport is also an international speaker on the subject of ketones as an alternative fuel for the brain, with numerous speaking engagements around the world, and is a Certified Ketogenic Nutrition Specialist (CKNS), a program offered by the American Nutrition Association. Find Dr. Mary Newport at-https://coconutketones.com/Steve Newport's famous Clock Test results!2021 (Sturchio, et al) and 2022 (Sturchio et al) Alzheimer's studies from the University of Cincinatti.Find Boundless Body at- myboundlessbody.com Book a session with us here! Check out our new Patreon page!

With the Melbourne MCTI Summit only weeks away, in this episode, Dr. Preston Cline and MCTI's Director of down-under, Harry Moffitt, prime the audience for some of the subject matter that will be covered at the summit – themed this year around Navigating Change. The MCT community is home to the oldest institutions on earth – military, medical, fire and emergency, police – and in the modern age, all are grappling with the issue of change. How to prepare for change, how to manage it, and how to make it an ongoing practice. During the summit, the audience will be discussing and sharing how change management has been done well in MCTs and share some of the challenges of attempting to enact change in our institutions who are often hampered by longstanding, and sometimes dated, traditions, standards, and stories. In this relaxed, informal chat between Preston and Harry, they discussEmpowering agents of change and empowering zealots.The rise of the enabler.Standards, asking are they all still fit for purpose?New approaches to training and development.And some observations from their Guinness tasting adventure across the US and UK earlier this year.

Ever wonder what happens to our body if we skip carbs for long periods of time?    In this episode of the Align podcast, Michael Brandt and I chat about ketogenic diet, how we can fully reap the benefits of it and where to naturally get ketones exogenously. We also chat about sugar addiction and insulin spikes, how ketones can be used both in facilitating body restoration and in keeping satiation and MCTs.    Michael Brandt is the CEO and co-founder of Healing Via Modern Nutrition (HVMN). He's an avid triathlete and marathoner with a 2:42 personal record.   2:24: Ketones and ketosis for dummies 5:55: Understanding the difference between ketone bodies 11:15: Why is the military interested in ketones? 22:42: Are there any caveats in experimenting ketones?  24:54: Ketones in American diet and Ketoacidosis 29:05: What are the risks when taking exogenous ketones? 32:57: Can ketones be used in the restoration of the body? 36:36: What are the mechanisms behind ketones as anxiolytic? 43:00: Is there a natural way to extract exogenous ketones? 49:06: What are MCTs? 54:18: Naysayers on endogenous ketone usage   To learn more about Michael: Website: ketone-iq.com Instagram: @bdm_runner  Twitter: @bdm_runner   Thank you to our Sponsors:   Ketone IQ: Use code ALIGN20 to save 20% (100 FIRST people ONLY): ketone-iq.com     Organifi:  Use ALIGN during checkout to receive 20%: www.organifi.com/align   BiOptimizers: Use code ALIGNFREE to get a FREE bottle of Masszymes + 3 FREE ebooks: masszymes.com/alignfree

Chase's wife, May, is back for another intimate conversation about navigating and cultivating strong, healthy relationships. Chase recently went on a vacation… without May! Why? You'll have to tune in to learn why, but this brings us to the next question you're likely wondering: What do you do when your significant other goes on vacation without you? In this discussion, May and Chase talk about the importance of spending time apart from your significant other and how to approach this time apart with a positive mindset. They share their thoughts and experiences with building trust in a new relationship, dealing with FOMO, and practicing effective, compassionate communication. May and Chase also reflect on where they're at in their relationship now and how they navigate time apart.   Follow May @mayyazdi Follow Chase on Instagram @chase_chewning   Episode resources: Save 15% on Stabilize and improve your metabolic health with code CHASE at www.Sugarbreak.com/chase  Save 15% on instant organic coffee with collagen and MCTs with code CHASE at www.StrongCoffeeCompany.com  Listen to May's podcast May's Anatomy