Podcasts about TH1

What really separates roflumilast (Zoryve) from other PDE4 inhibitors — and why does it matter for your patients with atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, or seborrheic dermatitis? In this episode, Dr. Ted Lane sits down with Dr. Chris Bunick, Associate Professor of Dermatology at Yale School of Medicine and Editor-in-Chief of Dermatology Times, for a deep dive into the biochemistry, formulation science, and clinical implications behind this breakthrough topical treatment. In this episode, you'll learn: Why roflumilast binds PDE4 with 200x more potency than apremilast — and 1,000x more than crisaborole How cyclic AMP inhibition controls upstream cytokine pathways (TH1, TH2, TH17) across multiple inflammatory skin diseases The science behind the Crotofos emulsifier — and why the right emulsifier protects the skin barrier instead of stripping ceramides Why formulating at pH 5.5 matters for filaggrin, keratin, and barrier integrity How the roflumilast foam is specifically engineered for scalp conditions and hair-bearing areas What's next in topical formulation innovation — from targeted dermal delivery to longevity skincare Whether you're a dermatologist, resident, PA, NP, or skincare enthusiast who wants to understand the why behind cutting-edge topicals, this episode is packed with clinical and scientific insight you won't find anywhere else.

Dr Deb Muth 00:03Well, welcome back to Let’s Talk Wellness Now. I am your host, Dr. Deb. And what is the most talked-about peptides in functional medicine? aren’t actually FDA approved. Not because they don’t work, but because no one’s funded the research to prove it yet. The truth is, some of the compounds that dominate wellness forums, BPC-157, TB-500, thymosin beta-4, epitalin, occupy a fascinating space between breakthrough science and unregulated experimentation. In today’s episode, we’re stepping into that grey zone, the world of investigational peptides, to separate mechanism from marketing. I’m going to walk you through the science that actually shows and where it stops, how to evaluate claims when human data don’t yet exist, and the quality, purity, and safety red flags that you need to recognise. Dr Deb Muth 01:06I created it in a previous episode, so go check that one out. And why honesty is the most important prescription in peptide medicine. If you’ve ever wondered whether these research-only peptides are the frontier of healing or the next functional medicine fad, this episode is for you. So grab your cup of tea or coffee, get comfortable, and let’s talk about what it really means to use peptides that are promising but still under investigation. So we’re going to break just for a second here and have a word from our sponsor. It is because of them that we stay on the air. So thank you for this. And we will be right back. Did you know sweating can literally heal your cells? Infrared saunas don’t just relax you. They detox your body, balance hormones, and boost mitochondrial energy. I’m obsessed with my Health Tech sauna. And right now, you can save $500 with my code at healthtechhealth.com slash dr-muth-req-25. Dr. Deb Muth 02:15All right, guys, welcome back. Let’s dive into investigational peptides, the evidence gap. So the following peptides we’re about ready to discuss are extensively in integrative, functional, and regenerative medicine circles. They may have intriguing mechanisms and promising preclinical data. However, they lack FDA approval, and the evidence quality varies dramatically. from interesting preliminary research to essentially no human data at all. And this distinction is really critical for maintaining scientific integrity. So let’s talk about immune-modulating peptides. There’s thymus and alpha-1, and this is an international story on the thymic peptides. Thymusin alpha-1, known as TA1, is marketed internationally as zidaxin. Dr. Deb Muth 03:16It’s a 28-amino acid polypeptide originally isolated from thymusin fraction 5, which was extracted from bovine thymus tissue. Modern production uses synthetic peptide synthesis. The thymus gland is located behind the sternum and is the primary site for T cell maturation, and thymic peptides like TA1 play roles in human system development and regulation. Now, I love thymus peptides. I love thymus glandular products. I’ve used thymus glandular products for decades. Ground-up animal thymus gland is basically what it is. There are a couple of different supplement companies that I’ve used over the years that are amazing with this. And they do a fantastic job, and they really do help to support the immune system. So when thymus peptides came out, it was really exciting because it took the whole idea of thymus support to a new level. Dr. Deb Muth 04:17The mechanism actually behind the thymus in alpha-1 is complex and involves multiple aspects of immune function. At the cellular level, TA1 enhances T cell maturation and differentiation, particularly the development of helper T cells and cytotoxic T cells. It modulates T cell receptor expression and can influence the balance between Th1 cell-mediated immunity and Th2 humoral immunity responses. And it also enhances the natural killer cell activity and modulates dendritic cell function, which are critical for antigen presentation. and initiation of adaptive immune responses. And on the cytokine level, TA1 influences production of interleukin-2, IL-2, interferon gamma, IFN-γ, and interleukin-10, IL-10. Dr. Deb Muth 05:19These create immune modulatory rather than simple immune stimulatory effects. This is a very important distinction because TA1 appears to help balance the immune system rather than simply ramping this up, which theoretically makes it safer in conditions where immune overstimulation would be a problem, such as an autoimmune disease. Hashimoto’s, autoimmune, lupus, Sjogren’s, any of those autoimmune diseases, we don’t want to overstimulate their immune system. So you want to use a product like this that’s non-stimulating. Now, the regulatory status on TA1 is geographically variable and represents one of the challenges in discussing this peptide with patients. It is not FDA-approved in the United States. However, it is approved in several other countries for specific conditions. Dr. Deb Muth 06:19In Italy, it’s approved for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B and hepatitis C. In China, it’s approved for chronic hepatitis B and adjunct immune compromised patients receiving vaccinations or suffering from certain infections. It has an orphan drug designation in the United States for certain cancer indications, but its designation does not constitute approval. It simply provides regulatory incentives for further development. So the evidence base for thymosin alpha-1 is substantial in some areas but comes primarily from non-US populations and research groups, which creates challenges in evaluating quality and generalizable information. So in hepatitis B and C, multiple clinical trials, many conducted in China and Italy, have examined TA1 as an adjunct to antiviral therapy. Dr. Deb Muth 07:21A meta-analysis by Wu and colleagues published in the Journal of Viral Hepatitis in 2013 examined 23 randomized controlled trials, including over 2,000 patients with chronic hepatitis B. The analysis found that combining TA1 with nucleoside analogs like LAMVDUDE or an and TCAVAR improved the hepatitis antigen seroconversion rates by HBV DNA clearance compared to its nucleoside analogs alone. And the effect sizes were modest but statistically significant, with the HBE-AG seroconversion rates improving from about 24% with antivirals alone to 38% in combined therapy. Now in hepatitis C, early trials before the development of direct-acting antivirals showed that TA1 combined with interferon alpha improved sustained virological responses, and compared to interferon alpha, Dr. Deb Muth 08:30Furon alone, particularly in difficult-to-treat populations like those with a genotype one or a high viral load. However, the advent of highly effective direct acting antivirals that achieve SRV rates, sorry, SVR rates exceeding 95%, the role of TA1 in hepatitis C has become less clear. Now in sepsis and critical illness, more recent interest has focused on TA1 in severe cases of sepsis and septic shock. Ren and colleagues published a systematic review and meta-analysis in the Frontiers of Immunology in 2022, analyzing 18 randomized controlled trials, including 1787 patients with severe sepsis or septic shock the pooled analysis showed that ta1 administration was associated with reduced 28-day mortality relative risk at 0.70 meaning a 30 reduction in mortality compared to the standard care alone and the effect appeared Dr. Deb Muth 09:39most pronounced in patients with sepsis-induced immunosuppression measured by HLA-DR expression in monocytes. Now, this is amazing because going forward, we’re going to talk about something that’s commonly known as cytokine storm. Now, cytokine storm really became apparent since 2020 with the viral infection that we’re dealing with in the world today. But they were already looking at this kind of cytokine storm produced by sepsis or sepsis-induced immunosuppression. And it triggered this hyperinflammatory response called the cytokine storm. And many patients who survived the initial phase of the immune suppressed stata, characterized by a T cell exhaustion, reduced antigen presentation, and increased susceptibility to secondary infections. Thymusin alpha-1, TA1, may help restore this immune competence in this phase. However, it’s important to note that patient selection and timing are critical. Dr. Deb Muth 10:43Giving this immune stimulant during a hyperinflammatory phase could theoretically worsen outcomes. So you don’t want to give it to them while they’re in the flare up or the sepsis or the infection, but given to them during the immunosuppression phase afterwards might be beneficial. Now there is also some cancer immunotherapy that we see with TA1 and has been studied as an adjunct in cancer treatment with the hypothesis that it could enhance immune surveillance and response to tumors. And a comprehensive review of Garci and colleagues published in Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy in 2007 examined multiple trials in melanoma, lung cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, and other malignancies. And the results were mixed. Some trials showed improvement in the immune parameters, increased CD4 in T-cells. improved lymphocyte proliferation responses and some actually showed trends toward improved progression free survival but overall survival benefits were inconsistent and the heterogeneity of the cancer types treatment protocols and outcome measures makes a definitive conclusion difficult as a vaccine adjunct several studies particularly from china have examined ta1 as an adjunct to enhance vaccine responses Dr. Deb Muth 12:11in immune-compromised populations, including the elderly, dialysis patients, and transplant recipients. The rationale is sound. These populations often mount suboptimal antibody responses to vaccines, and TA1’s immune-enhancing effects might improve protection. There are small trials. They have shown improvement in seroconversion rates of hepatitis B vaccines and influenza vaccine in these populations. And though large-scale confirmatory studies are limited, there is a possibility here. Now, on their safety profile, one of the appealing aspects of thymusin alpha-A TA1 is that it’s apparently favorable safety profile in clinical trials. There are some injection site reactions with a little redness, a mild discomfort, and most commonly reported adverse effects. is that their severe adverse events attributable to TA1 have been rare in published trials. However, comprehensive long-term safety data are limited Dr. Deb Muth 13:13And theoretically, concern exists that immune modulation could potentially trigger or exasperate autoimmune conditions in susceptible individuals. Though this hasn’t been clearly demonstrated in clinical trials, integrative medicine considerations for integrative practitioners concerning the thymus and alpha-1, several factors require careful thought. First, sourcing and quality control are critical concerns. Since it’s not FDA approved, TA1 available in the United States typically will come from a compounding pharmacy or an international supplier with variable quality assurance. And pharmaceutical grade product with certificates of analysis showing purity, sterility, and endotoxin testing is essential, but it is readily available from many of these companies. Second, patient selection matters immensely. TA1 should be considered in complex cases where conventional approaches have been insufficient, such as chronic viral infections not responding adequately Dr. Deb Muth 14:21to standard antivirals, post-viral syndromes with evidence of immune dysfunction, cancer patients with immune suppression in consultation with oncology, and it should generally be avoided in active autoimmune disease unless there’s a compelling rationale and close monitoring. Now, TA1 is not a standalone therapy. In cases of chronic viral infection, Comprehensive immune support includes addressing nutritional deficiencies, optimizing vitamin D levels to be between 50 and 80, adequate zinc, selenium, and vitamin A, optimizing gut health since 80% of our immune function is in the gut, you need to optimize gut function. Managing stress from the HPA access dysfunction, chronic cortisol elevation, suppression, and immunity, ensuring adequate sleep, immune memory consolidations during sleep, addressing any metabolic dysfunction, insulin resistance, repairs in the immune function, and the bottom line on thymus and alpha-1 is Dr. Deb Muth 15:26is that it represents legitimate medicine in other countries with a substantial evidence base in specific contexts, but it remains experimental in the U.S., and practitioners using it should provide comprehensive, informed consent about its regulatory status, evidence quality, and source verification. while ensuring it’s part of comprehensive protocols. It is not a magic bullet. And again, what you’re gonna hear me say quite often here is that many of these peptides should be used in conjunction with something else. They should not be used alone. And can peptides be stacked? The answer is yes, they can. So if somebody has an insulin resistance, or a metabolic dysfunction, they can tier TA1 with a GLP-1 like terzepatide or semiglutide. That is not a problem to do that. You need to just work with a practitioner that understands how to do that effectively. So let’s look at BPC-157. Dr. Deb Muth 16:26This is a phenomenon I love BPC-157. Let’s separate it from marketing to actual mechanism of actions here. So BPC-157 stands for Body Protection Compound 157. It is a chain of 15 amino acids that are described as a partial sequence of body protection compound, a protein found in human gastric juice. It has become one of the most hyped peptides in regenerative medicine inside the athletic performance and biohacking communities with claims ranging from healing tendons and ligaments to repairing gut lining or reversing organ damage. The challenge is separating the legitimate mechanisms of science from the marketing hype. The proposed mechanism of BPC-157 are biologically plausible and intriguing. The research suggests that it may influence several growth factor pathways, including vascular endothelial growth factor, VEGF, which promotes new blood vessel formation and has improved better supply of blood flow to injured tissues, theoretically accelerating healing. Dr. Deb Muth 17:40It may also affect fibrous blast growth factor, FGF, and transforming growth factor beta, TGF beta pathways. both involved in tissue repair and remodeling. And some studies actually suggest that BPC-157 modulates inflammatory cascades, potentially reducing excessive inflammation while promoting the resolution phase that allows tissue rebuilding. Now I want to talk just a few moments here about these different tests that we’re talking about tgf beta veg f for those of you who are in our mold world you are very familiar with these uh lab tests we do this to see if you have a mold exposure what’s happening to your body and it’s been very challenging to try to heal this part of the mold illness and manipulate these VEGFs and TGF betas. And so with the fact that BPC helps us modulate this inflammatory cascade, BPC can be very helpful in the world of mold or mycotoxin illness in repairing those parts of the body that have been damaged by the mycotoxins. Dr. Deb Muth 18:48Now there is animal research on BPC-157. It is extensive and primarily from a research group led by pre-drag, oh, I can never say these names, Cyrek at the University of Zagreb in Croatia. Published studies in animal models have shown accelerated healing in a remarkable variety of injury types. A 2011 paper by Chang and colleagues in the Journal of Applied Physiology demonstrated that BPC-157 improved therapy tendon healing in rats with Achilles tendon injuries, and the treated rats showed increased tendon outgrowth, better cell survival in the injured area, enhanced cell migration to the injury site, and improved biochemical strength of the healed tendon compared to controls. Multiple other animal studies have shown similar promising effects. Ligament tears, healing faster in rabbits, muscle damage recovering more quickly in rodent models, gastric ulcers healing in rats given experimental induced ulcerations, inflammatory bowel lesions improving in mouse models of colitis, and even bone to tendon healing showing enhancement in animal studies. Dr. Deb Muth 20:02The breadth of injury types showing benefit in preclinical models explains the enthusiasm of this peptide. However, this is critical. These animal studies, primarily in rodents and rabbits, animal models of injury healing don’t reliably translate to human clinical outcomes. And the doses used in these animal studies when converted to human equivalent doses vary widely. And optimal human dosing is completely unknown at this point. it is all considered experimental and perhaps most importantly there are essentially no peer-reviewed controlled clinical trials in human published in humans published in major medical journals in a 2001 review of arthroscopy and the journal of arthroscopic and related surgery specifically examined in the evidence of bpc 157 and other peptides in musculoskeletal medicine The authors concluded bluntly that BPC-157 lacks evidence from randomized controlled trials and has an unknown safety profile in humans. Dr. Deb Muth 21:09 They emphasized that the jump from animal data to recommending peptides for humans use bypasses the fundamental requirement for Phase I safety studies, Phase II dose-finding studies, and Phase III efficacy trials that would establish whether BPC-157 actually works in humans and whether or not it’s safe. The absence of human safety data is particularly concerning given BPC-157’s proposed mechanisms. Peptides that influence growth factor signaling and angiogenesis could theoretically have off-target effects. Uncontrolled angiogenesis, for instance, is a hallmark of cancer progression. Tumors require blood vessel formation to grow beyond a certain size. And while there’s no evidence that BPC 157 promotes cancer, The complete absence of long term human safety studies means we simply don’t know. This isn’t fear mongering. It’s acknowledging uncertainty and uncertainty exists and understanding that if you’re choosing to use peptides like BPC 157, you are doing it in an experimental model. Dr. Deb Muth 22:17We’re experimenting with the doses that are being used. And there is potential for it to cause cancer cells in your body to grow. And you need to be aware of this and understand the risks that you’re taking when you’re using an investigational or off label use peptide. Now, quality control issues with BPC also exist. It’s not FDA approved for any indication in the US. It’s not approved in any major regulatory jurisdiction worldwide. It’s marketed as a research chemical explicitly to bypass FDA oversight. And commercial sources selling BPC-157 range from compounding pharmacies, which have some quality standards but are not FDA inspected. You can take that for what you want to believe on that one. to overseas suppliers operating with absolutely no quality assurance whatsoever. If you are choosing to use BPC-157, you have to understand who’s manufacturing it for you, where you are getting it from, how pure it is. Dr. Deb Muth 23:26You want to make sure that you have the certificate of analysis and that it does not contain bacterial endotoxins that can contaminate the peptide or degrade the peptide and cause other issues for you. So when you talk about peptides with patients regarding BPC-157 or if you’re listening to this and you’re already using BPC-157 or other peptides, that are quote-unquote not for human consumption, an evidence-based response acknowledges both the appeal and the limitations. And you want to talk about the animal data that’s definitely showing some progress and some potential, but we don’t know what we don’t know in humans. If people are willing to take that risk, that is up to them to do that. But using BPC right now is experimental and people need to be aware of that. Are there evidence-based alternatives for patients with tendon or ligament injuries? Dr. Deb Muth 24:26And there are. There’s PRP, which has been studied in multiple randomized controlled trials. for conditions like lateral epicondylitis, tennis elbow, Achilles issues, patellar issues, knee issues. However, I want to caution you on this too. So the study that was done by Cox and colleagues in muscles, ligaments, and tendons in the Journal of 2014 showed modest benefits in pain and function compared to controls. And though the effects vary by injury type, PRP preparations can be helpful. You have to understand that a lot of times when people are doing PRP injections in their office, they are not doing it exactly the same way it was done in the study. And not to mention, if you’re using your own PRP to heal a ligament or a tendon or help your arthritis and you’re 60 or 70 years old, That is not good quality protein rich plasma. It is old protein rich plasma. And you’re not going to see necessarily the same benefits that you would see if you were using placental tissue or umbilical tissue. Dr. Deb Muth 25:33You also want to address the nutritional deficiencies or support that’s needed for connective tissue healing. And these are collagen peptides dosed at 15 grams a day. And this has been shown in a study by Shaw and colleagues in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition in 2017 to augment collagen synthesis when combined with intermittent loading. Vitamin C is also an essential cofactor for collagen production and stabilization of collagen structure at a dose of around 500 to 1000 milligrams a day to support this process. You also need to have good adequate intake of copper and zinc. These are cofactors in collagen. Silica is also important. This comes from horsetail extract. This provides additional support as well. So more importantly, I think remembering that rehabilitation matters as well. Doing these protocols without doing some rehab is not going to get you where you want to go. Dr. Deb Muth 26:33There’s a research study by Alfredson and others for Achilles tendinopathy using the control lengthening of muscle tendon units under load to promote tendon remodeling and healing. These protocols have solid evidence and cost nothing beyond professional guidance from a physical therapist. They are important for patients seeking cutting edge regenerative approaches. Stem cell therapies, growth factors, concentrates derived from patients’ own tissues like PRP. These have a lot of good endogenous materials and they have good safety profiles. BPC-157 represents the perfect example of how promising Preclinical science gets marketed far beyond the evidence and it may eventually prove to be valuable. I think it will. But right now that determination does require some human studies and hopefully with the administration that we have right now and Bobby Kennedy, we will actually start to see some of that occur. Now the next peptide I want to talk about is TB4, thymus and beta-4. Dr. Deb Muth 27:36This is a wound healing peptide. It is a 43 amino acid peptide that’s naturally present in virtually all human cells except red blood cells. It’s actually one of the most abundant peptides in the human body, particularly concentrated in blood platelets, wound fluid, and many tissues. It’s naturally ubiquity makes it mechanistically interesting. The body wouldn’t produce it in such abundance if it didn’t serve a function. So the primary role of TB4 involves building G-actin. It’s a form of monomeric actin. And it’s structural protein that forms the microfilaments within the cells, providing cellular structure and enabling cell movement. TB4 prevents from F-actin filaments. I’m not going to talk too much about this. It’s really critical for wound healing as cells need to migrate into the injury sites. Dr. Deb Muth 28:37so the cell shape changes and the cellular response to the injury. So think of this as though you tore your meniscus and the body created all this TB4 to come to that injury to try to heal that site. That’s exactly what the TB4 is doing inside the body when there’s an injury. It’s been shown in research to help produce new blood vessel formation, promote endothelial cells, It helps modulate inflammatory cytokines, potentially reducing TNF-alpha, IL-1, and possibly protecting in programmed cell death, which we call apoptosis. And some studies suggest that it is cardioprotective in its effects in animal models of myocardial infarction, so heart attack, and neuroprotective in other models for brain injury. Now, these remain to be preliminary, but they are being seen. So the regulatory status on TB4 can create some confusion. Dr. Deb Muth 29:40The natural TB4 molecule itself is not FDA approved as a drug. However, TB4 based drug candidates called RGN259, formerly TB4, has been in the development by regen tree for corneal injuries of the dry eye disease. And as of recent updates, this drug is completed phase three trials for its neurotrophic keratopathy, severe corneal condition. But the FDA approval is still pending. So that means that the most advanced TB4-based pharmaceuticals hasn’t yet crossed the finish line for approval. The commercial peptide market further muddies the picture with TB500, which is often described as the synthetic fragment of TB4. However, this extract’s relationship between TB500 and TB4 varies depending on the source. Dr. Deb Muth 30:41So some claim that TB500 is identical to TB4, but positions 1 through 4 suggest it’s a different fragment. and the quality control across suppliers is not existent. So this confusion is part of why recommending TB500 becomes problematic for practitioners and patients, often because they aren’t certain what molecule they’re actually getting. The evidence base for TB4 in humans is limited, primarily to eye research, and the studies from Sohn’s and colleagues published in journals like Vitamins and Hormones in 2016 have examined topical TB4 for corneal injuries and neurotrophic keratopathy, dry eye, and other surface diseases. Now, these studies showed some promise in promoting this, and there is, however, a topical application to the cornea that is vastly different from a systemic injection. So for systemic use in wound healing, musculoskeletal issues, Dr. Deb Muth 31:42cardiac protection, neuroprotection, human clinical trials. There is scarce to non-existent evidence in humans. Most of the evidence remains in animal models or cell culture studies. And a review by Flip and colleagues in the Journal of Investigational Dermatology in 2006 detailed TB4’s effects on the matrix remodeling during wound repair in animal models, showing effects on collagen disposition, granulation, tissue reformation, and wound contraction. Another review by Ho and colleagues in expert opinion on biological therapy in 2007 discussed TB4’s potential in tissue regeneration and regenerative medicine, but noted the field remained largely blank. preclinical. So this is really important again to understand that there is just not enough human data. So there is a concern with cell division and migration. This theoretically exists Dr. Deb Muth 32:45for the potential effects on cancer cells, which would also rely on migration and division and other intended consequences of disrupting normal cellular architecture. These aren’t proven risks, but they are unexplored questions that we need to be aware of when we’re using peptides. This can cause cancerous tissue to grow. Very similar to what we talked about with BPC-157. These are also sold as research chemicals. There is no FDA oversight. So purity, potency, contaminations all still exist for these peptides. Now from an integrative perspective, the natural presence of TB4 in wound fluid and its biological roles in healing are legitimate science. in presence does not equal therapeutic utility. The body tightly regulates where and when and how much TB4 is present through natural production and bypassing that regulation with external dosing may or may not cause us to have beneficial or introduce risk. Dr. Deb Muth 33:49So we need to know that this is experimental use. Those people who are seeking wound healing and tissue repair the evidence-based approach of the body’s own capacity to heal is huge definitely want to be increasing your protein intake optimizing your zinc copper vitamin c and vitamin a and then managing glucose is really important during this time as well so let’s talk about a fun topic now and that’s growth hormone secretagogues this is the anti-aging hype machine these peptides in this category are things like semoralin ipameralin cjc 1220 1295 and others and among the most aggressively marketed in anti-aging and longevity medicine they all share a common goal stimulating the pituitary gland to release more growth hormone and the appeal is understandable. GH levels decline with age, and this decline is associated with increased fat mass, decreased lean muscle, reduced bone density, and other aspects of aging. Dr. Deb Muth 34:55The other times we’ll see growth hormone levels decline significantly is with chronic illness, and the logic is to restore youthful GH levels and youthful physiology. Now, semirelin from an FDA approved diagnostic to compound anti-aging product. Semirelin is a 29 amino acid peptide representing the first 29 amino acids of the full 44 amino acid human growth releasing hormone, GHRH. We talked about this on another episode of the podcast. And you can go back and listen to that one a little bit if you want. This fragment contains the complete biological activity of the full GHRH molecule and it binds to GHRH receptors in the anterior pituitary and stimulates growth releasing peptides, growth hormone releasing peptides. Semirelin was previously FDA approved as diagnostic testing of growth hormone secretion, essentially, to determine if the pituitary could still respond to GHRH stimulation in patients being evaluated for growth hormone deficiency. Dr. Deb Muth 36:06However, the manufacturer was discontinued and there was no longer an FDA approved semirelin product on the market in the United States. What exists now is semirelin available from compounding pharmacies used off label for anti-aging, body composition, and general growth hormone optimization purposes. This represents a significant gray area. Again, compounding medications serve a very important role, but they need to meet certain recommendations and regulations, as we’ve talked about in the past. You want to make sure that your compounding pharmacy that you’re obtaining semirelin from is qualified to do that, that they are doing best practices, and that you’re getting a good product. The theoretical advantage to semirelin over direct growth hormone administration is that it preserves more of the physiological growth hormone secretion patterns. Natural GH is released in pulses, primarily during sleep, not as a continuous elevation. Dr. Deb Muth 37:07So semirelin stimulates the pulses rather than providing a constant super physiological growth hormone level. And that pulsatile pattern is thought to reduce some of the side effects and metabolic concerns that we have with continuous growth hormone exposure. However, the evidence supporting semirelin for anti-aging and body composition in healthy adults is minimal. Most of the data comes from studies conducted in the 1990s when the FDA approved product existed. Not that that means it’s bad. We have drugs that have been in the market for over a hundred years that are still there, that still have the research and are still being used successfully and safely today. So we don’t want to let that really make us think that this product isn’t safe. So a 2006 review from Walker in Clinical Interventions of Aging suggested that semirelin might be a better approach than direct GH for adult onset growth hormone insufficiency, but they do acknowledge that the evidence was limited. Dr. Deb Muth 38:12And although we don’t have any large scale trials that we can examine for semirelin’s efficacy, it is now commonly prescribed. And the optimal dosing for anti-aging purposes is still unknown. It is considered experimental and it does vary from person to person, but it is still unstudied. The effects on cancer risk, cardiovascular disease, metabolic dysfunction over long time periods are also still unknown. I would argue that the side effects or the risk factors of not having growth hormone are equally as bad as the unknowns that we have here. We’re not looking to try to get super physiological doses. We’re trying to restore youthful GH levels. Typically, we’re not trying to restore back to a 20-year-old. We’re trying to restore back maybe 10 years. That is a better way of doing this. And I think that’s important for people to understand. Now, ipamirelin is the ghrelin mimicker. Dr. Deb Muth 39:12Ipamirelin is a pent-up peptide, five amino acid, that acts as a growth hormone secretagogue receptor, a GHS-R agonist. It mimics the action of ghrelin, the hunger hormone, that also stimulates growth hormone release. The proposed advantage over earlier secretagogues is that ipamirelin stimulates growth hormone release without significantly affecting cortisol, prolactin, or other glucose things, which can be increased by growth hormone secretagogues. The regulatory status is clear. Ipamirelin is not FDA approved for any indication. It’s sold as a research chemical. Human evidence is thin. It’s limited to single dose studies examining how quickly it’s absorbed and metabolized with minimal data on dosing and clinical outcomes. Now there are marketing claims for ipamirelin and they are extensive. Dr. Deb Muth 40:13It increases lean muscle mass, it decreases body fat, it improves sleep quality, faster recovery from workouts, enhanced injury healing, better skin quality. The evidence supporting these claims in humans is not available we don’t have it these are claims that are made by the effects that we know from growth hormone so it’s not necessarily a bad thing we know what growth hormone does we know growth hormone does all of these things if ipamorelin is a precursor to that it will obviously help improve those things making that correlation of what growth hormone does So there are safety concerns that mirror the same as any other growth hormone elevating therapy. It can cause fluid retention, joint pain, carpal tunnel syndrome, insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, and theoretically, can it increase calcium? cancer risks? It can because IGF-1 promotes cell proliferation and can inhibit apoptosis in cancer cells. Now remember, your body makes IGF-1. Dr. Deb Muth 41:15If it’s not making enough of it, that’s a problem. If it’s making too much of it, That’s a problem. So just understand that if you are adding these things, and especially in elevated doses, you are taking a potential risk. So there is also now CJC 1295 is a modified GHRH analog of 30 amino acid peptide based on GHRH structure, but with modifications. So it includes the addition of drug affinity complex, DACC, DAC, which involves conjugation with a small albumin binding molecule, dramatically extends the peptide’s half-life from minutes to as much as potentially a week or more. And this creates sustained growth hormone elevation rather than that pulsatile release. There are actually two versions of this. There’s CJC 1295 with DAC, longer acting version, and CJC 1295 without DAC, which is essentially a shorter duration of semirelin. Dr. Deb Muth 42:19And so when we’re comparing products, it is… only the difference between long acting and short acting. The human evidence for CJC 1295 is limited to a single published phase one study by Techman and colleagues in the Journal of Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism in 2006. And the study involves 18 healthy young adults showed that CJC 1295 with DAC produced a sustained elevation of GH and IGF-1 lasting several days after the injection. That’s essentially the entire published human evidence of this peptide. There are no phase two studies examining optimal dose. So that is all considered experimental. And there is no phase three studies examining clinical efficacy. So the sustained GH levels created by CJC 1295 with DAC raises specific concerns because the natural GH secretion It goes up and down, up and down, up and down. Dr. Deb Muth 43:19And that constant elevation may have a different metabolic and cellular effect. And we just really don’t know what that’s going to be yet. So we can understand that elevated IGF-1 levels can theoretically increase cancer concerns and metabolic risks. So rather than always injecting peptides, which are very expensive… You can do other things. And there was a study by Hartman and colleagues in the Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism in 1992 that demonstrated the 48-hour fast increased integrated growth hormone secretion five-fold through increased GH levels. Now, the problem with this is fasting for 48 hours is a challenge. And how long is it going to increase the growth hormone secretion without causing issues? Or in general, how long is it going to go up? Dr. Deb Muth 44:19So we have to be cautious about that as well. Sleep optimization is non-negotiable. The majority of growth hormone secretion occurs during sleep, slow wave sleep, typically the first sleep cycle, and poor sleep quality or insufficient sleep typically. can dramatically affect your growth hormone levels. And then high intensity interval training, HIIT resistance training can stimulate growth hormone as well. This was seen in a study by Godfrey and colleagues in sports medicine in 2003 and was examined in exercise-induced growth hormone responses to athletes. So we definitely see these kinds of things. So let’s talk about some longevity peptides now. These expand the telomere. So there’s epitalin and epithalamin and when these are used in anti-aging they can produce some amazing results. Dr. Deb Muth 45:22So epitalin is a synthetic terapeptide, just four amino acids. It was originally synthesized as a simplified version of epithalamine. a pineal gland extract containing multiple peptides. The synthetic four amino acid version was created to isolate what researchers believed might be the active anti-aging component. The mechanism produced for epitalin centers on telomere and telomerase, Telomeres are protective caps at the end of the chromosomes consisting of repetitive DNA sequencing. And every time a cell divides, telomeres shorten slightly because DNA polymers cannot fully replicate the ends of the linear chromosomes. So this progressive shortening acts as a molecular clock. After 50 or 70 divisions, the telomeres become critically short, triggering a cellular senescence. Dr. Deb Muth 46:22This telomere shortening is one mechanism of cellular aging and telomeres in the enzyme that can rebuild telomeres by adding these caps back onto the end of the chromosome. It’s active in stem cells, germ cells, and unfortunately in about 85 to 90% of the cancer cells. In most adult somatic cells, telomerase is inactive or present at very low levels, allowing the telomeres to shorten with division. The research on epitalin suggests it might activate this telomeres act telomeres process primarily from a research group led by Vladimir in Russia. Vladimir Kavasan in Russia. He is a huge peptide researcher or was he passed away with publications dating back to the early 2000s and a study published in bio gerontology in 2000 by Kavasan Dr. Deb Muth 47:25and colleagues examined the effect of epitalin on the lifespan of fruit flies, and they treated fruit flies that showed a modest increase in mean and maximum lifespan compared to its controls by approximately 10 to 15% lifespan extension in some experimental groups. And there were other studies in 2003 that examined epitalamine in a female Swiss-derived mouse. This was done by Ann Simove and colleagues. And the researchers reported that epitalin treatment was associated with increased lifespan as well. And the most cited mechanistic work comes from cell culture studies. And that is also Cavason’s group that published this research in 2003, showing increased telomeres activity in cultured somatic cells again. More recently, between 20 and 25, the series of publications have continued to explore epithelial effects on telomere dynamics in cell cultures. Dr. Deb Muth 48:32So there is a lot of research that’s been done. The mass majority has been done on epithelin. And most of it has been done by a single research group in Russia. There is some restrictions on some of the cell culture data that we’re seeing. And it does show that epithelin sometimes can be described as a regulating hormone. Carcadian rhythm for melatonin production, which is derived by the penile extracts. And however the evidence for this affects minimally and mechanistically unclear, the pineal gland primarily functions as melatonin secretion in that light-dark cycles. So Epithalin or epitalin is not FDA approved. It is not approved for any major regulatory jurisdiction. It is sold as a research chemical only. Dr. Deb Muth 49:33So you need to follow the same safety profiles that we’ve talked about in other episodes and in today’s episodes. And when we’re talking about epithalin, and we’re excited about it being an anti-aging science, we should balance this with the honesty and the evidence of the quality of that evidence. We don’t know its safety effect. We don’t know if it’s going to increase the risk of cancer. We can’t verify that. And we need to be using it in an experimental use of unknown risks only. Of course, diet, physical activity, stress management, sleep quality, all of those things are important for us to be looking at when we’re looking at these peptides. Now, I want to get into some of the brain peptides. This is the nootrophic frontier. C-Max and C-Lank, there is Russian pharmacology that’s done. C-Max and C-Lank represent an interesting case study in how different regulatory environments and research traditions Dr. Deb Muth 50:36create challenges in evaluating this evidence. Both peptides were developed in Russia, are approved for their specific indications and have substantial Russian language and literature supporting their use. However, the FDA approval in the United States is still not there. C-Max is a seven amino acid. It’s a synthetic analog. It is a fragment, particularly ACTH 4 through 10. It’s sometimes called the melanocortin effects because it involves the melanocortin receptors of the central nervous system. CMAX was developed by the Institute of Molecular Genetics of Russia Academy of Sciences and is approved in Russia for several indications, including acute stroke, transient ischemic attacks, cognitive disorders. It has Russian approval and is based on clinical trials primarily in Russia. Dr. Deb Muth 51:39It does help to increase brain-derived neurotrophic factor, BDNF, a protein critical for neuroplasticity, the brain’s ability to form new connections and adapt to the challenges. BDNF supports neuronal survival and promotes growth of these new neurons. C-Max also influences neurotransmitter systems, particularly dopamine and serotonin, and there is some research that suggests it affects on metabolism as well, and endogenous opioid peptides that involve pain reception and mood regulation. So it has some good potentials there. There is also C-Link, which is a hepatopeptide structurally similar to Tufts’ and an immune modulatory peptide. It was also developed in Russia and was approved for anxiety disorders as a neurotropic. Its effects involve anxiolytic effects, possibly through the GABAnergic system or the GABA system of the brain, and immune modulation. Dr. Deb Muth 52:44The Russian research is examined by C-Link for anxiety disorders. and finding reductions in anxiety without sedation. There is a dependency potential or cognitive impairment does not exist like it does with benzodiazepines with C-Link. So that is really good. And they do report attention and memory improvement using C-Link. There is a study that was done in neuroscience and behavioral psychology in 2018 that examined C-Linx effects and proposed that it exerts cytoprotective effects through BDNF pathways similar to C-Max. So both of these are Russian research-based They’re not wrong or fraudulent. It’s just that they are from Russia and we all have our concerns with Russia. However, that does not necessarily mean their research doesn’t hold quality. Dr. Deb Muth 53:49Neither peptide is approved by the FDA, and so you are using this off-label. The same rules apply for all of the other peptides that we’ve talked about that are produced off label. You want to do the same things that you would do with anything else. Good protein, omegas, B vitamins, acetylcarnitine, exercise, sleep, all of that still applies when we’re using these peptides. So I want to talk briefly about clinical decision and framework when we’re looking at this. First and foremost, we always want to go to FDA-approved peptides. Secondly, we would look at international approval with peptides that are established in other countries but lack FDA approval. And then preclinical evidence only or experimental peptides. These can be used, but they are not ethically recommended in the traditional medicine world. Dr. Deb Muth 54:50 If patients use them, we need to have appropriate counseling about the evidence surrounding them, the safety, and where to find them. how to find them and how to ask for these certificates of analysis. So I think it’s really good that we were exploring all these peptides and understanding what they are. There’s a lot of controversy out there. There’s a lot of concern out there. And what we can say with confidence is that peptides are powerful biological signaling molecules. Some peptide based medications, semi-glutide, triseptide, PT 141, Lupron that are all FDA approved. can dramatically improve outcomes in patients that are obviously selected for the correct ones. There are many other peptides that we address that are integrative and longevity space in the regenerative medicine. These peptides are all experimental. That does not automatically make them wrong. Dr. Deb Muth 55:50It just means that we need to be honest about what we’re doing with them and we need to be cautious with the patients so that they can make a decision to be part of an experimental study. in looking at how to use these peptides. So peptides are tools like any other tools. They work best in the hands of skilled people, and they are applied to appropriate situations, integrating into comprehensive approaches that address root causes. The most powerful peptide administered to a patient with untreated inflammation, hormonal chaos, nutritional deficiencies, and disorders of sleep will disappoint. The simplest evidence-based interventions apply. to a patient whose foundational physiology has been optimized. And this is the art of the science of peptide, right? If done right, respecting both the power of these molecules and the complexity of human beings that we are privileged to serve can make a difference in their lives. So thank you for listening to this episode. Dr. Deb Muth 56:52I hope this was helpful. If you can know of somebody that might benefit from this, please like, share, and subscribe. It means a lot to us. And I hope you join us for our next episode of Let’s Talk Wellness Now. Welcome to Let’s Talk Wellness Now, where we bring expert insights directly to you. Please note that the views and information shared by our guests are their own and do not necessarily reflect those of Let’s Talk Wellness Now, its management, or our partners. Each affiliate, sponsor, and partner is an independent entity with its own perspectives. Today’s content is provided for informational and educational purposes only and should not be considered specific advice, whether financial, medical, or legal. While we strive to present accurate and useful information, we cannot guarantee its completeness or relevance to your unique circumstances. We encourage you to consult with a qualified professional to address your individual needs. Dr. Deb Muth 57:54Your use of information from this broadcast is entirely at your own risk. By continuing to listen, you agree to indemnify and hold Let’s Talk Wellness Now and its associates harmless from any claims or damages arising from the use of this content. We may update this disclaimer at any time and changes will take effect immediately upon posting or broadcast. Thank you for tuning in. We hope you find this episode both insightful and thought-provoking. Listener discretion is advised.The post Episode 258 – Investigational Peptides: What's Promising, What's Hype & What You Must Know first appeared on Let's Talk Wellness Now.

For this week's episode of the Clinician's Corner, we've gone into the archives to pull out another clinical pearl from one of our favorite episodes – a fascinating conversation with our beloved Medical Director, Dr. Chris Turnpaugh, where we discuss chronic infections, immune dysregulation, and detox strategies. This interview first aired early last year (2025), and the full interview can be viewed here.   Clinical pearls we extracted from the original interview: Overview of chronic infections and the immune system The role of environmental toxins on the immune system/immune response Addressing toxic burden and supporting detoxification Various therapeutic interventions Lyme disease and Long Covid (and other complex client cases) Foundational immune support    The Clinician's Corner is brought to you by the Institute of Restorative Health. Follow us: https://www.instagram.com/instituteofrestorativehealth/   Connect with Dr. Chris Turnpaugh: Website: TurnpaughHWC.comFacebook: https://www.facebook.com/TurnpaughHWC/ Instagram: TurnpaughHealth    Timestamps:  00:00 TH1 vs. TH2 Immunity Explained 03:32 "Reducing Toxic Burden Strategies" 08:19 "NAC: The Ultimate Supplement" 11:09 "Master Clinical Skills, Transform Lives"   Speaker bio: Dr. Chris Turnpaugh is a practitioner and CEO at Turnpaugh Health, a Functional Medicine wellness center, which he founded in 1999. The center, one of the largest in the country, has grown to over 20 healthcare providers and a team of more than 50 in five locations.  Turnpaugh Health provides in-depth holistic care focusing on functional medicine, investigating the mechanisms of dysfunction in patients. The clinic also provides integrative family medicine, lifestyle medicine, and many complementary wellness services.  Over his twenty years in practice, Dr. Turnpaugh has joined ILADS and is known as a thought leader in Lyme disease and associated co-infections. He also traveled to Lake Como to participate on the PANDAS International board. He has a deep interest and extensive knowledge in pediatric neurological disorders and methods of supporting these children holistically. Dr. Turnpaugh has lectured on a broad variety of health topics, both nationally and internationally.  His application of functional medicine as it relates to the neuro/endocrine/immune systems is a unique clinical approach to non-pharmacological treatments. He is well respected among his peers and patients as a provider and functional medicine instructor. He has treated thousands of patients in his practice and mentored hundreds of practitioners. His true passion is teaching functional medicine to other practitioners and helping patients to optimize their health.   Keywords: functional health practitioners, clinical skills, chronic disease, restoring balance, chronic infections, immune system, TH1, TH2 dominance, autoimmunity, cancer, chemicals, pesticides, endocrine disrupting compounds, toxic burden, gut symptoms, liver, bile flow, digestion, nutrient supplementation, detoxification, sauna therapy, nasal spray, peptide therapy, liposomal glutathione, NAC, vitamin D, immune dysregulation, long Covid, post-treatment Lyme disease, food intolerances, chemical sensitivities, microbiome Disclaimer: The views expressed in the IRH Clinician's Corner series are those of the individual speakers and interviewees, and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Institute of Restorative Health, LLC. The Institute of Restorative Health, LLC does not specifically endorse or approve of any of the information or opinions expressed in the IRH Clinician's Corner series. The information and opinions expressed in the IRH Clinician's Corner series are for educational purposes only and should not be construed as medical advice. If you have any medical concerns, please consult with a qualified healthcare professional. The Institute of Restorative Health, LLC is not liable for any damages or injuries that may result from the use of the information or opinions expressed in the IRH Clinician's Corner series. By viewing or listening to this information, you agree to hold the Institute of Restorative Health, LLC harmless from any and all claims, demands, and causes of action arising out of or in connection with your participation. Thank you for your understanding.  

In this powerful interview with Dr. Chris Turnpaugh, we unpack what really happens when the immune system gets stuck in a chronic loop — and why so many women stay sick even after gut protocols, detoxes, antibiotics, antivirals, and “kill stacks.” We break down TH1 vs TH2 dominance, immune tolerance, microglial priming, mitochondrial burnout, perimenopause-triggered dysregulation, and why real healing requires restoring immune balance — not just treating symptoms or chasing pathogens. If you've felt “stuck,” sensitive to everything, or trapped in relapse cycles…this episode is your roadmap back to resilience. Connect with Dr. Turnpaugh: Web: https://turnpaughhwc.com Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/Turnpaugh_Health *** CONNECT:

Most people are told: "If you have thyroid antibodies, you have Hashimoto's. If you don't, you don't." In this episode, Dr. Eric Balcavage, creator of the Adaptive Thyroid Model™, revisits that idea and shows why antibodies are only one piece of a much bigger picture. Discover how: ✅ Th1 and Th17 T-cells, CD8 T-cells, and low T-regs drive thyroid inflammation and tissue damage ✅ PAMPs (pathogen signals) and DAMPs (cell-danger signals) can bind to pattern-recognition receptors [PRRs] on thyroid cells, triggering cytokines and interferon activity ✅ Antibodies may confirm Hashimoto's, but their absence doesn't rule it out (seronegative Hashimoto's is real) ✅ Addressing the drivers of immune imbalance — gut permeability, sleep debt, oxidative stress, nutrient deficiencies — can help restore tolerance and thyroid function Dr. Balcavage breaks down the latest research on how inflammation starts inside the thyroid, why the body isn't "attacking" itself, and what a true recovery plan looks like.

In this episode of Tea with Dr D, host James Q. Del Rosso, DO, is joined by Christopher Bunick, MD, PhD, and later Lisa Swanson, MD, for a deep look at phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) inhibition in dermatology, with a special focus on topical roflumilast.  Dr Bunick opens with a primer on the science of PDE4, an enzyme that degrades cyclic AMP (cAMP), an intracellular messenger that regulates anti-inflammatory pathways. In conditions such as atopic dermatitis (AD) and psoriasis, overactive PDE4 leads to reduced cAMP and amplified inflammation. By “gumming up” PDE4, roflumilast restores a more balanced, anti-inflammatory state.  He explains why PDE4 inhibition is relevant across multiple inflammatory pathways, including Th1, Th2, and Th17, and why roflumilast has demonstrated stronger efficacy than earlier inhibitors like crisaborole. Molecularly, roflumilast mimics cyclic AMP's binding to PDE4 across 3 key sites, producing far tighter binding than apremilast and crisaborole, which translates to superior clinical potency.  Dr Bunick illustrates this with a case of palmoplantar pustular psoriasis that cleared dramatically within 8 weeks on topical roflumilast after multiple biologic and corticosteroid failures, highlighting its durability and barrier-restoring properties. He and Dr Del Rosso contrast this with the limitations of chronic steroid use, noting that roflumilast supports long-term control without barrier compromise.  The discussion also touches on vitiligo, where Dr Bunick shares an early case of repigmentation following roflumilast treatment, suggesting possible cAMP-mediated stimulation of melanogenesis. They highlight the molecule's innovative aqueous-based formulation, optimized for skin-compatible pH and excellent tolerability.  In Part 2, Dr Swanson joins to discuss pediatric use. She reviews the 0.15% cream for AD in patients ≥6 years and the 0.05% cream for ages 2–5, both once-daily, steroid-free options that minimize burning and stinging compared with earlier PDE4 inhibitors. They review clinical data that demonstrate rapid itch relief, strong efficacy across IGA and EASI end points, and sustained control with twice-weekly maintenance.  Tune in to hear how PDE4 inhibition, and particularly topical roflumilast, is redefining nonsteroidal therapy across age groups and disease states in dermatology. 

We are not talking about gluten, dairy, sugar, or even leaky gut. We're talking about the silent saboteurs—the things that are messing with your gut health every single day... and no one's warning you about them.Join the 60 Day gut reset and transform your health! $200OFF with code 'SECRETOFFER! https://checkout.teachable.com/secure/1716725/checkout/order_q9s5bzn3?coupon_code=SECRETOFFERINSTA: @wholistichomeopath

#56. Ting som nevnes i denne episoden: aktivering av T- og B-celler. Effektorceller versus hukommelsesceller. Th1 vs Th2 vs Th17 vs. follikulære T-hjelpeceller. CD40 og CD40 ligand (CD40L). Antistoffproduserende celler (plasmablaster og plasmaceller). Opsonisering. Antistoffavhengig cellemediert cytotoksisitet (ADCC). Komplementmediert cytotoksisitet (CDC).Tredje sesong er muliggjort gjennom et stipend fra Norsk revmatologisk forening. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

There's been a lot of talk about allergy symptoms becoming more severe over the last few years. What is contributing to this change? And more importantly, what can we do to control our environments and help support our bodies' immune systems? Our guest today is double-board certified physician and allergist, Dr. Tania Elliot. She's joining us for an insightful conversation on allergies and immunology. You're going to learn what allergies are and how they develop, why there's an explosion of allergies happening right now, and what the main root cause is. Dr. Elliot is going to unpack how to reduce allergy exposures and how your immune system works when allergens are present. You're also going to learn practical tips for optimizing your environment, including air quality, sleep practices, and how to travel as healthily as possible. Dr. Tania Elliot is a leading authority in this subject matter, and I know you're going to love this episode of The Model Health Show. Enjoy! In this episode you'll discover:  What Dr. Elliot's driving force for becoming a doctor was. (7:45) Why working in allergy and immunology is like being a detective. (9:57) What an allergy actually is. (11:59) The connection between allergies, autoimmunity, and inflammation. (12:27) Three main reasons why allergies are more prevalent today. (12:46) The interesting role of Th2 cells. (14:39) How c-section deliveries impact the baby's immune system. (16:25) Why peanut allergies have become more common. (18:34) What a histamine reaction is. (22:10) The difference between Th1 cells and Th2 cells. (22:18) What super pollen is. (24:32) How our indoor microbiome can influence allergies. (25:18) The 3 main things Dr. Elliot would never order in a restaurant. (29:24) What to avoid if you struggle with indoor allergies. (34:03) Why you should never let your pets on your bed. (36:20) What to avoid in a hotel room for better health. (38:33) The best sleep-supportive supplements. (43:49) How the humidity level in your bedroom affects allergies. (45:03) What the first line of treatment against allergies is. (46:45) Which foods have the highest histamine levels. (50:34)  Items mentioned in this episode include:  Foursigmatic.com/model - Get an exclusive discount on your daily health elixirs! Myessentia.com/model - Get a discount on organic, supportive mattresses! Healthy Home Guide - Read Dr. Tania Elliot's e-book! Connect with Dr. Tania Elliot Website / Substack / Instagram  Be sure you are subscribed to this podcast to automatically receive your episodes:   Apple Podcasts Spotify Soundcloud Pandora YouTube   This episode of The Model Health Show is brought to you by Four Sigmatic and Essentia. Visit foursigmatic.com/model to get an exclusive discount on mushroom and adaptogen-packed blends to improve your life. Essentia makes the best performance certified non-toxic mattresses. Get a discount on any organic mattress when you use my link, myessentia.com/model.  

Description: Co-hosts Ryan Piansky, a graduate student and patient advocate living with eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) and eosinophilic asthma, and Holly Knotowicz, a speech-language pathologist living with EoE who serves on APFED's Health Sciences Advisory Council, interview Dr. Melanie Ruffner, an Attending Physician with the Division of Allergy and Immunology and the Center for Pediatric Eosinophilic Disorders at Children's Hospital of Philadelphia. Dr. Ruffner describes her work in clinic and the paper she co-authored about pediatric and adult eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE). She covers the questions they considered in the paper and the conclusions they reached. Disclaimer: The information provided in this podcast is designed to support, not replace the relationship that exists between listeners and their healthcare providers. Opinions, information, and recommendations shared in this podcast are not a substitute for medical advice. Decisions related to medical care should be made with your healthcare provider. Opinions and views of guests and co-hosts are their own.   Key Takeaways: [:49] Co-host Ryan Piansky introduces the episode, brought to you thanks to the support of Education Partners Bristol Myers Squibb, GSK, Sanofi, Regeneron, and Takeda. Ryan introduces co-host Holly Knotowicz.   [1:17] Holly introduces today's topic, pediatric and adult eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE), and introduces today's guest, Dr. Melanie Ruffner.   [1:23] Dr. Melanie Ruffner is an attending physician with the Division of Allergy and Immunology in the Center for Pediatric Eosinophilic Disorders at Children's Hospital of Philadelphia. Holly welcomes Dr. Ruffner to Real Talk.   [1:50] As an attending physician in the Center for Pediatric Eosinophilic Disorders at Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Dr. Ruffner sees patients who have eosinophilic esophagitis and other eosinophilic disorders, including eosinophilic GI tract disorders.   [2:09] Dr. Ruffner also leads a research group that studies how the immune system causes inflammation in response to certain foods, leading to EoE.   [2:20] Inflammation in the esophagus is tied to other diseases like epithelial barrier dysfunction and fibrosis.   [2:28] Our bodies use many different proteins that allow cells to communicate with one another. One type of signaling protein that causes inflammation is called cytokines.   [2:41] Dr. Ruffner's group is interested in how these signaling proteins called cytokines interact with epithelial cells and how that impacts the oral function of the esophagus in patients with EoE.   [3:02] In training, Dr. Ruffner became interested in eosinophilic esophagitis and other non-IgE-mediated food allergies because we don't have a lot of clear treatments or clear mechanisms that cause them.   [3:21] Dr. Ruffner felt there was a lot of work to be done in that area. It was rewarding to be in clinical encounters with those patients. Often, patients had spent a long time trying to find out what was happening and to find a treatment plan that worked for them.   [4:31] Dr. Ruffner's group sees some patients who have eosinophilic gastroenteritis and patients who are referred for hypereosinophilia with impacts of inflammation in other organ systems.   [5:06] Dr. Ruffner co-authored a paper about pediatric and adult EoE published in the Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. It explored if EoE in pediatric patients and adult patients is a spectrum or distinct diseases.   [5:29] EoE is a chronic allergic condition that affects the esophagus. The esophagus carries food from the mouth to the stomach. In people with EoE, the immune system overreacts to foods and causes inflammation in the esophagus.   [5:47] Eosinophils are a type of white blood cell. Eosinophils infiltrate the tissue in the esophagus of people with EoE. Doctors look for eosinophils in the tissue of the esophagus as a sign that inflammation in the esophagus is EoE.   [6:04] The symptoms of EoE can vary in children and adults. That was one of the things the doctors were interested in when they were thinking about this paper. There are no blood or allergy tests that make it easy to diagnose EoE, which requires an endoscopy.   [6:31] An endoscopy is performed by a gastroenterologist. The gastroenterologists look at the appearance of the esophagus and take biopsies.   [6:49] A pathologist counts the eosinophils in the tissue to determine if there are eosinophils present. If there are more than 15 eosinophils in the high-powered field of the microscope and symptoms and clinical conditions are present, EoE is diagnosed.   [7:25] One of the variables Dr. Ruffner considers is that symptoms can be different in children versus adults. In older adolescents and adults, the classic symptom is difficulty swallowing or dysphagia. That is often caused by fibrosis in the esophagus.   [7:54] In younger children this is often not how EoE presents. They may vomit or refuse food. They may experience more weight loss. Symptoms vary over the lifespan. Pediatric EoE symptoms of nausea and abdominal pain can also show up in adults.   [9:54] Atopy refers to allergic conditions. In the paper, a history of atopy means a history of allergic conditions, like atopic dermatitis, IgE-mediated food allergy, allergic rhinitis, or asthma.   [10:37] These disorders tend to cluster together, over time, because they share many common genetic risks. They cluster in families because some of the genetic risks are the same. Not every family member will have the same atopic or allergic conditions.   [11:07] In families, perhaps one person will have atopic dermatitis and allergic rhinitis while another will have atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, asthma, and EoE. They may have inherited different genetics or had different environmental exposures.   [11:50] Ryan says that describes his family. They each have different atopic conditions. Ryan got them all! Dr. Ruffner says it describes her family, as well.   [12:26] Dr. Ruffner says it's understandable for families to stress about atopic conditions. Unfortunately, right now, there's no way to predict who will develop which atopic conditions. It's on the minds of the medical and research communities.   [13:10] IgE is an antibody that binds to food allergens and mediates anaphylaxis, usually within 30 minutes, with hives, vomiting, and difficulty breathing. Not everyone with a diagnosed food allergy will be given an epinephrine auto-injector.   [13:44] IgE-mediated food allergies are influenced by type 2 cytokines. Cytokines are immune system signaling proteins that have been labeled as groups. The group that is involved in allergy most heavily is under the label type 2.   [14:15] These type 2 cytokines are responsible for influencing B cells to make IgE. In the tissue in EoE, we find that there is a large amount of these type 2 cytokines present.   [14:37] This is quite relevant because dupilumab, the monoclonal antibody that has been approved to treat EoE, targets type 2 inflammation by blocking type 2 cytokines.   [16:04] Dr. Ruffner says one of the biggest challenges in the field of EoE is we don't have a way to stratify who should get which treatment for EoE. Patients have to choose between diet and pharmacologic therapy.   [16:48] We don't know enough about the inflammatory profiles to give any patient the specific guided information that one therapy would be better than another.   [17:11] Pediatric and adult patients are given the same treatment options. Some dosing, such as proton pump inhibitors and dupilumab, is weight-based so different doses are needed.   [17:36] Over time, people's needs change. From early school age to when people leave home, they may have very different needs. They may do well on diet therapy when their diet is controlled by parents, but, on their own, that may not be the best option for them.   [18:20] Therapy may change over time to support each patient's individual goals. It can be challenging because therapies are imperfect. Each therapy has a percentage probability of success. Not every therapy is guaranteed to work for every individual.   [19:01] There is some flexibility and possibility of switching between therapies to support people. Ryan shares one of his experiences in changing treatments.   [20:03] Some patients are stable on a therapy for a time but then see symptoms creep back up. Dr. Ruffner strongly suggests they talk to their care team for an endoscopy and biopsy to see if they need to switch therapy and if their diet has changed.   [21:31] In young children, Dr. Ruffner sees a much higher incidence of feeding refusal. The child may have a preferred food or a preferred texture like puree, long past when that would be appropriate for the age.   [22:41] It can be very difficult to move past this learned behavior even if remission is achieved through therapy. The child may need feeding therapy to help with that. [22:59] Feeding behaviors in older individuals may be much more subtle. Talk about them with your care team. Needing water to eat, cutting food very small, and fearing to eat around people are common eating behaviors to discuss in older patients.   [23:53] These eating behaviors affect people's well-being deeply because they affect how social they feel when they are around people. Ideally, you want to be around people and share in social times.   [24:16] Holly has used these eating behaviors herself and notices them in other people. When adults come to her for therapy, she asks how many times they refill their water when they eat, and if food ever gets stuck. They are surprised that those are symptoms.   [26:01] Dr. Ruffner says it's important to recognize the difference in symptoms in diagnosing EoE. The main risk factor of EoE is fibrosis, over time. The thought is that early in EoE there is an inflammatory phenotype, but later, there is a fibrotic phenotype.   [26:51] The phenotype refers to the presentation or characteristic of disease. What is the appearance at endoscopy? What do we see in the biopsied tissue? Is there fibrosis or not?   [27:15] This is the crux of the paper: Is this on a spectrum, that the inflammation is driving the fibrosis, or are these two different things altogether? There is some evidence to suggest that the inflammation contributes to this fibrosis over time.   [27:40] One thing that is missing is following a group of patients from the start and having that evidence. There is mechanistic evidence from studies to show that inflammation can contribute to fibrosis. That was one of the discussions in the paper.   [28:29] In endoscopies, something that can be seen with fibrosis or fibrostenotic features is more of an appearance of rings and narrowing of the esophagus. A proportion of patients with strictures or narrowing need to have them dilated.   [29:11] For patients who have dilation, it can help with symptoms significantly. When pathologists look at the tissue with fibrosis, they can see changes in the protein structure. There is more collagen and other changes in the tissue, causing fibrosis.   [30:03] Some patients use adaptive eating behaviors to adapt to significant changes in their esophagus and go for many years without being diagnosed until they present with an impaction when food becomes stuck in their esophagus.   [30:46] This makes EoE a challenging disorder for many because it can be very difficult to diagnose. The journey to a diagnosis is very individual. As a group, adults are much more likely to have fibrosis, leading to dysphagia, strictures, or impaction.   [31:25] Statistically, across all patients, you see fibrosis more in adults than in children.   [32:42] In the paper, Th1 cells are mentioned. Th1 is an immune system term referring to a cell that produces interferon-gamma. Studies show there may be differences in interferon signaling in different age groups but it needs to be studied further.   [33:57] Dr. Ruffner's team had looked at a small group and saw that interferon signaling seemed to be relatively similar between children and adults. Both CD4 and CD8 T cells (types of immune system cells) are potentially producing interferon in the esophagus.   [34:32] More study needs to be done around those immune system cells and their potential significance in EoE, if any.   [35:33] The paper suggests that EoE in children and adults is essentially a spectrum of the same disorder rather than distinct diseases.   [35:42] Aspects of immunology, responses to different treatments across children and adults, the similar responses to diet and different medications, and over time in the same individuals, indicate these are changes and complications over time.   [36:41] Dr. Ruffner suggests that medical researchers need to understand which patients are at the highest risk of complications and work to identify the best treatments to prevent those.   [37:14] Dr. Ruffner is thinking about the response to proton pump inhibitor therapy. One of the things she is looking at is whether or not proton pump inhibitors affect how eosinophils migrate into the tissue.   [37:33] They are finding that it seems that PPIs can decrease the degree of migration of eosinophils into the tissue. They are very interested in looking at that. Ryan says when Dr. Ruffner gets that paper published, she'll have to come back on the show!   [38:06] Ryan thanks Dr. Ruffner. For our listeners who would like to learn more about eosinophilic disorders, including EoE, please visit APFED.org and check out the links in the show notes.   [38:15] If you're looking to find a specialist who treats eosinophilic disorders, we encourage you to use APFED's Specialist Finder at APFED.org/specialist.   [38:24] If you'd like to connect with others impacted by eosinophilic diseases, please join APFED's online community on the Inspire Network at APFED.org/connections.   [38:33] Ryan thanks Dr. Ruffner for participating in the podcast episode. Holly also thanks APFED's Education Partners Bristol Myers Squibb, GSK, Sanofi, Regeneron, and Takeda for supporting this episode.   Mentioned in This Episode: Dr. Melanie Ruffner, MD, PhD, Attending Physician with the Division of Allergy and Immunology and the Center for Pediatric Eosinophilic Disorders at Children's Hospital of Philadelphia “Pediatric and adult EoE: A spectrum or distinct diseases?” by Stanislaw J. Gabryszewski, Melanie A. Ruffner, and Jonathan M. Spergel   APFED on YouTube, Twitter, Facebook, Pinterest, Instagram Real Talk: Eosinophilic Diseases Podcast apfed.org/specialist apfed.org/connections   Education Partners: This episode of APFED's podcast is brought to you thanks to the support of Bristol Myers Squibb, GSK, Sanofi, Regeneron, and Takeda.   Tweetables:   “EoE is a chronic allergic condition that affects the esophagus. The esophagus carries food from the mouth to the stomach. In people with EoE, the immune system overreacts to food allergens and causes inflammation in the esophagus.” — Dr. Melanie Ruffner   “In EoE, there are no blood or allergy tests that make it easy to diagnose EoE without an endoscopy.” — Dr. Melanie Ruffner   “Is EoE on a spectrum, that the inflammation is driving the fibrosis, or are these two different things altogether? There is some evidence to suggest that the inflammation contributes to fibrosis over time.” — Dr. Melanie Ruffner   “When pathologists look at the tissue with fibrosis, they can see the changes in the protein structure.” — Dr. Melanie Ruffner   “There are some folks who have adapted their eating behavior quite significantly and may have quite a number of chronic changes in their esophagus that they have adapted around, and they go for many years without being diagnosed.” — Dr. Melanie Ruffner

This episode contains insights into a relatively new perspective on immune health that will really fascinate and engage you. JP and Dr Stewart discuss things we hear about in our profession on a daily basis – auto immune issues, allergies, food intolerance, symptoms that indicate deeper issues – and look into what actions are afoot in peoples immune systems that can lead to their problems. Are they dominant in a catabolic (TH1) pathway for example, and if so, where did it all start? It gets more interesting as they examine where initial ‘insults' to immune health begin (mental, emotional and physical), where they lead if unchecked and just as importantly, what we can do about it through accessible changes in lifestyle. You'll never look at stress, inflammation and the nervous system the same again! Dr Stewart Gillespie is a functional medicine practitioner with over 20 years of clinical experience. Trained as an osteopath in London and a chiropractor in New York, Stewart has worked closely with Dr Eric Berg for 4 years – dealing with hormones and weight loss, as well as interpreting blood work & functional lab testing. Stewart has also undertaken many training programs & mentorships, including learning from Charles Poliquin, Datis Kharrazian, Functional Medicine University & the Kalish Institute. Dr Stewart Gillespie is best-known for his expertise in the immune system & his quick, effective protocols based on the 7 different types of inflammation. He teaches this signature method to health professionals around the globe through live workshops and functional medicine mentorship programs. Website: https://functionalmedicineservices.com Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/functionalmedicineservices/ and IG Handle: @functionalmedicineservices & @drstewartgillespie Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/functionalmedicineservices How to learn more: Functional Medicine Foundations Course (7 hours): https://functionalmedicineservices.com/course/foundations/ Inflammation Mastery Mentorship (10 Weeks): https://functionalmedicineservices.com/inflammation-mastery/ Functional Medicine Mentorship (6 months): https://functionalmedicineservices.com/mentorship/

In this special episode of the RWS Clinician's Corner, we have the privilege of hosting Dr. Chris Turnpaugh, a renowned figure in the field of functional medicine and the medical director of Restorative Wellness Solutions. Dr. Turnpaugh delves into the critical relationship between toxin exposure and susceptibility to infectious diseases such as Lyme and Long Covid. He shares groundbreaking insights on how the accumulation of environmental toxins can shift immune responses, potentially increasing vulnerability to infections, as well as offering strategies to support detoxification, adjust immune system balance, and improve overall resilience. Whether you're a seasoned functional health practitioner or just delving into this field, the clinical pearls Dr. Turnpaugh shares in this episode provide a vital understanding of how to tackle complex health challenges in today's increasingly toxic world.   In this interview, we discuss:    - Increased susceptibility to chronic infections due to environmental toxins and the influence   of toxins on TH2 dominance in the immune system   - Testing options and how to address complex client cases   - Strategies for addressing toxic burden (e.g., detoxification, supplementation, etc.)   - Prevention and maintenance strategies The Clinician's Corner is brought to you by Restorative Wellness Solutions.  Follow us: https://www.instagram.com/restorativewellnesssolutions/   Connect with Dr. Chris Turnpaugh: Website: TurnpaughHWC.comFacebook: https://www.facebook.com/TurnpaughHWC/ Instagram: TurnpaughHealth   Timestamps:  00:00 "Linking Toxin Burden to Infections" 05:00 Chemicals Weaken Immune Response 09:06 Decreased Resilience to Modern Stressors 12:22 Chemical Exposure in Daily Life 14:14 Exploring Tailored Detox Strategies 16:55 Challenges in Treating Fragile Patients 21:44 Hormone Health: Reducing Toxic Burden 24:55 Chronic Illness Resolutions Compared 28:00 Root-Cause Health Training Program 29:16 "Symptom Differentiation in Clinical Process" 34:44 Digital PCR for Bartonella Testing 35:29 Understanding Post-Infection Symptoms 38:42 "Fish vs. Digital PCR Testing" 42:24 Balancing Tregs and Th1/Th2 46:59 Preventive Health: Balancing the Immune System 48:26 Essential Desert Island Supplement: NAC 54:16 Understanding Patient Conditions and Treatment Priorities 56:39 "Clinician's Corner Podcast Highlights"   Speaker bio: Dr. Chris Turnpaugh is a practitioner and CEO at Turnpaugh Health, a Functional Medicine wellness center, which he founded in 1999. The center, one of the largest in the country, has grown to over 20 healthcare providers and a team of more than 50 in five locations.  Turnpaugh Health provides in-depth holistic care focusing on functional medicine, investigating the mechanisms of dysfunction in patients. The clinic also provides integrative family medicine, lifestyle medicine, and many complementary wellness services.  Over his twenty years in practice, Dr. Turnpaugh has joined ILADS and is known as a thought leader in Lyme disease and associated co-infections. He also traveled to Lake Como to participate on the PANDAS International board. He has a deep interest and extensive knowledge in pediatric neurological disorders and methods of supporting these children holistically. Dr. Turnpaugh has lectured on a broad variety of health topics, both nationally and internationally.  His application of functional medicine as it relates to the neuro/endocrine/immune systems is a unique clinical approach to non-pharmacological treatments. He is well respected among his peers and patients as a provider and functional medicine instructor. He has treated thousands of patients in his practice and mentored hundreds of practitioners. His true passion is teaching functional medicine to other practitioners and helping patients to optimize their health. Keywords: Restorative Wellness Clinicians Corner, functional health professionals, functional medicine, toxin burden, infectious diseases, chronic infections, TH1 and TH2 immune system, Lyme disease, Long Covid, autoimmune conditions, root cause medicine, total tox burden, detox pathways, environmental toxins, mold exposure, Cryptolepis, immune system balance, TH2 dominance, glutathione, NAC supplementation, environmental toxicity, reducing toxic exposure, tick bite prevention, laboratory testing, immune dysregulation, chronic illness recovery, viral infections, vitamin D, quercetin, microbiome health, detoxification   Disclaimer: The views expressed in the RWS Clinician's Corner series are those of the individual speakers and interviewees, and do not necessarily reflect the views of Restorative Wellness Solutions, LLC. Restorative Wellness Solutions, LLC does not specifically endorse or approve of any of the information or opinions expressed in the RWS Clinician's Corner series. The information and opinions expressed in the RWS Clinician's Corner series are for educational purposes only and should not be construed as medical advice. If you have any medical concerns, please consult with a qualified healthcare professional. Restorative Wellness Solutions, LLC is not liable for any damages or injuries that may result from the use of the information or opinions expressed in the RWS Clinician's Corner series. By viewing or listening to this information, you agree to hold Restorative Wellness Solutions, LLC harmless from any and all claims, demands, and causes of action arising out of or in connection with your participation. Thank you for your understanding.  

In this podcast, I discuss many of the HY skin and soft tissue infections you need to know for your exam. Easy points if you devote time to learning them. Quick errata: for leprosy, the lepromatous form is a TH2 issue, the tuberculoid form is a TH1 issue. I mixed the numbers up in the … Continue reading DIP Ep 570: The Clutch Skin and Soft Tissue Infections Podcast (Step 1-3) + Minor Correction

In this podcast, I discuss many of the HY skin and soft tissue infections you need to know for your exam. Easy points if you devote time to learning them. Quick errata: for leprosy, the lepromatous form is a TH2 issue, the tuberculoid form is a TH1 issue. I mixed the numbers up in the … Continue reading DIP Ep 570: The Clutch Skin and Soft Tissue Infections Podcast (Step 1-3) + Minor Correction

Liz & Becca dive deep into the complexities of the immune system, breaking down the difference between TH1 and TH2 responses. Discover how an imbalanced immune system could be the root cause of everything from chronic fatigue and autoimmunity to recurring infections and inflammation. They explore the triggers, symptoms, and actionable strategies to restore balance, from fasting and peptides to functional testing. If you've ever wondered why your body feels stuck in a cycle of stress and symptoms, this episode will give you the tools and insights to finally move forward. ***

In this episode of Derms and Conditions, host James Q. Del Rosso, DO, welcomes Mona Shahriari, MD, associate director of clinical trials at Central CT Dermatology and assistant clinical professor at Yale University, to discuss the challenges of treating pregnant and breastfeeding patients, particularly those with atopic dermatitis (AD). The conversation addresses a crucial yet often unclear topic for dermatologists: balancing safety and efficacy when managing AD in patients during pregnancy and lactation. Dr Shahriari emphasizes the importance of addressing uncontrolled inflammation, which can have potential consequences for both the mother and baby, such as premature birth and maternal sleep disruption. She shares insights into the physiological changes during pregnancy, including the shift from a Th1 to a Th2 immune state, and how this can impact conditions like AD and psoriasis. The discussion highlights the limited data available for systemic treatments in this population, as pregnant women are excluded from clinical trials. Despite this, therapies like dupilumab and cyclosporine are discussed for their safety profiles, with dupilumab often considered when patients need effective control with minimal risk. Dr Shahriari also addresses strategies to involve partners in treatment decisions, ensuring patients feel supported and informed. Drs Del Rosso and Shahriari emphasize the importance of open communication with patients, managing risk tolerance, and understanding the nuances of systemic treatment in pregnancy and lactation. Dr Shahriari shares real-world cases, including the use of dupilumab in a pregnant patient with severe AD and counseling a patient with psoriasis who unintentionally administered a biologic injection during the first trimester. Tune in to the full episode for practical guidance on navigating these complex cases and balancing patient care with available evidence. This episode is a must-listen for dermatologists managing pregnant or breastfeeding patients with inflammatory skin conditions.  

Dr. Charlie and Nurse Lauren dive into listener questions on boosting white blood cell count, managing nerve pain, detoxing post-vaccine, and more. Learn practical tools, supplements, and lifestyle tips in this episode. What Can I Do to Increase White Blood Cell Count? Optimal Range: 5-8 Above 8? Indicates active infection. Below 5? Often points to chronic infection (viruses and mold are common culprits). Suggested Supplements: Immune RMOR – SHOP HERE Golden Thread Supreme – SHOP HERE Scutellaria Supreme – SHOP HERE VerVita InspiraCell – SHOP HERE SuperStratum Mold Cleaner – SHOP HERE (Use code REDPILL for 10% off) Astragalus Supreme – SHOP HERE Reishi Supreme – SHOP HERE Lifestyle Tip: Eat ginger to boost TH1 and white blood cell count. How to Manage Long-Term Nerve Pain from Shingles Find a Quantum Neurologist for nerve recovery. Check the Directory Here. Tools and Supplements: Red Light Therapy by Fringe – SHOP HERE Melia Supreme – SHOP HERE VerVita Klenz+ – SHOP HERE Woad Supreme – SHOP HERE Reishi Supreme – SHOP HERE Camu Supreme – SHOP HERE Nutrient Support: High doses of Folate, B12, Vitamin C, and Cod Liver Oil. Fullscript Recommendations: Biotics Research B12 2000 Biotics Research Lipoic Acid Cod Liver Oil 1025  Detox from the COVID Vaccine Key Supplements: BodyBio PC – SHOP HERE GlyphoX Supreme – SHOP HERE Cat's Claw Supreme – SHOP HERE Klenz+ – SHOP HERE Camu Supreme – SHOP HERE D Spike – SHOP HERE Resource: Shop Rooted Remedies Products Here. Use code:naturalnursemomma How to Manage High DHEA Recommended Supplements: Scutellaria Supreme –  VerVita Black Cumin – SHOP HERE VerVita RegenerZyme Heart – SHOP HERE Schisandra Supreme – SHOP HERE Lifestyle Tip: Use castor oil packs for hormonal balance. Shop Castor Oil Packs on Amazon. How to Handle Psoriasis Recommended Supplements and Tools: Golden Thread Supreme – SHOP HERE Melia Supreme – SHOP HERE Klenz+ – SHOP HERE Red Light Therapy- SHOP HERE Cir Q Tonic – SHOP HERE Quinton Isotonics – Fullscript Fish Oil - Fullscript Gastro Digest – SHOP HERE

Your immune system is so much more than just fighting off the occasional cold. It is deeply connected to EVERYTHING in your body and can be a primary root cause of many common (but not normal) health issues! From chronic fatigue, IBS, and painful periods to stubborn weight loss resistance, skin issues, and more the immune system plays a role! In this episode, we're diving deep into how your immune system works, what happens when TH1, TH2, and TH17 cells go into overdrive, and the signs that your immune system might be out of balance. If you're dealing with autoimmune conditions, chronic inflammation, or mysterious symptoms that just won't go away, this episode is for you. I'll be breaking down how to spot the signs, understand your body's signals, and most importantly, what you can do to support and rebalance your system based on your unique symptoms and health history. If you need help getting to the root cause of your health issues or symptoms click here to apply for coaching!

TWiP reviews a study showing that intestinal helminth infection impairs vaccine-induced T cell responses through an IL-10 pathway, which compromised protection against antigenically drifted SARS-CoV-2 variants. Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Daniel Griffin and Christina Naula Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Links for this episode Join the MicrobeTV Discord server Worms impair COVID vaccines (Sci Trans Med) Heligmosomoides image (Wiki Commons) Become a patron of TWiP  Send your questions and comments to twip@microbe.tv Music by Ronald Jenkees

BUFFALO, NY- August 16, 2024 – A new #review was #published as the #cover paper of Aging (listed by MEDLINE/PubMed as "Aging (Albany NY)" and "Aging-US" by Web of Science), Volume 16, Issue 15, entitled, “Types of cell death and their relations to host immunological pathways”. Various immune pathways in the host, such as TH1, TH2, TH3, TH9, TH17, TH22, TH1-like, and THαβ, have been identified. While TH2 and TH9 responses primarily target multicellular parasites, host immune pathways against viruses, intracellular microorganisms (like bacteria, protozoa, and fungi), and extracellular microorganisms utilize programmed cell death mechanisms to initiate immune responses and effectively eliminate pathogens. In their review, researchers Kuo-Cheng Lu, Kuo-Wang Tsai, Yu-Kuen Wang, and Wan-Chung Hu from Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital, Tri-Service General Hospital and Ming Chuan University, reviewed these cell death pathways associated with the host immunological pathways. "These relationships can help us understand the host defense mechanisms against invading pathogens and provide new insights for developing better therapeutic strategies against infections or autoimmune disorders.” DOI - https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.206035 Corresponding authors - Wan-Chung Hu - Wanchung.Hu09@tzuchi.com.tw Video short - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oPaevm0vpR8 Sign up for free Altmetric alerts about this article - https://aging.altmetric.com/details/email_updates?id=10.18632%2Faging.206035 Subscribe for free publication alerts from Aging - https://www.aging-us.com/subscribe-to-toc-alerts Keywords - aging, apoptosis, autophagy, ferroptosis, necroptosis, NETosis, pyroptosis About Aging-US The mission of the journal is to understand the mechanisms surrounding aging and age-related diseases, including cancer as the main cause of death in the modern aged population. The journal aims to promote 1) treatment of age-related diseases by slowing down aging, 2) validation of anti-aging drugs by treating age-related diseases, and 3) prevention of cancer by inhibiting aging. (Cancer and COVID-19 are age-related diseases.) Please visit our website at https://www.Aging-US.com​​ and connect with us: Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/AgingUS/ X - https://twitter.com/AgingJrnl Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/agingjrnl/ YouTube - https://www.youtube.com/@AgingJournal LinkedIn - https://www.linkedin.com/company/aging/ Pinterest - https://www.pinterest.com/AgingUS/ Spotify - https://open.spotify.com/show/1X4HQQgegjReaf6Mozn6Mc MEDIA@IMPACTJOURNALS.COM

Die faszinierende Verbindung von Schulter und Leber (Podcastshort) --> Aus Folge 36: Podcast - Selbstheilung durch Gedanken Hier geht es zur ganzen Folge: https://open.spotify.com/episode/7q7xXRThHhRifHexUJPdsB?si=T-jUWf-cTkSiZUFDtRl83g Jeden Samstag um 12 Uhr gibt es wie gewohnt eine reguläre (lange) Folge in meinem Podcast: "Selbstheilung durch Gedanken" Die Leber wird von einer Leberkapsel (Faszie) umhüllt, die dem Zwerchfell von unten anliegt und mit diesem verbunden ist. Sowohl die Leberkapsel als auch das Zwerchfell selbst werden durch den N. Phrenicus nerval versorgt. Der N. Phrenicus entspringt den Halswirbeln C3 bis C5. Neben dem N. Phrenicus gibt es im Halsbereich zwei große Nervengeflechte: den Plexus Cervicalis (C1 bis C4) und den Plexus Brachialis (C5 bis Th1). Probleme mit der Leber können zu Irritationen des N. Phrenicus führen, was wiederum den Plexus Cervicalis und Plexus Brachialis beeinflussen kann. Diese Nervengeflechte versorgen die gesamte Schultermuskulatur motorisch. Dadurch können muskuläre Dysbalancen im Schulterbereich entstehen, die langfristig zu Schmerzen führen können. Emotionen spielen eine bedeutende Rolle in unserer körperlichen Gesundheit. Unangenehme Gefühle und Emotionen wie Wut können körperliche Symptome hervorrufen oder bestehende Beschwerden verschlimmern. Die Leber wird oft als „Sitz der negativen Emotionen“ angesehen, insbesondere in der traditionellen chinesischen Medizin (TCM), wo sie sehr eng mit der Emotion Wut in Verbindung gebracht wird. Allerdings können hier noch weitere Verbindungen zu Emotionen in Betracht gezogen werden. Und genau aus dieser Gefühlslage können sich Schulterschmerzen entwickeln. Denn nicht nur über das nervale System ist die Leber mit der Schulter in Verbindung, sondern auch über das psychosomatische System. D.h. Menschen, die innerlich eine große Last tragen, tragen diese in Form von negativen Gefühlen wie z. B. Kummer, Schuld, Traurigkeit, Eifersucht und Neid, die sich nicht selten in Aggression verwandelt. Diese innere Last kommt zu der äußeren Last hinzu und ist ein Spiegel der Verantwortung, die sich unbewusst auf die Schulter gezwungen wird. Jeden Samstag um 12 Uhr gibt es wie gewohnt eine reguläre (lange) Folge in meinem Podcast: "Selbstheilung durch Gedanken"

In today's episode, we explore the role of Thymosin Alpha 1 Peptide in modulating the immune system, specifically its effects on Th1 and Th2 responses. The episode further delves into the mechanisms by which Borrelia burgdorferi evades immune detection and offers strategies to enhance immune effectiveness against this stealthy pathogen. Additionally, we discuss the broader implications of immune modulation in chronic Lyme disease and mold exposures. Topics: Introduction Recap of the series on Lyme and mold Highlighting the key steps in the biotoxin illness resolution process Importance of working with a medical professional Key Steps in Biotoxin Illness Resolution Lowering inflammation Lipid replacement therapy (phospholipids) Use of antimicrobial and antiparasitic herbs for Lyme and coinfections Employing binders to eliminate toxins and reduce inflammation Checking for MARCoNS and utilizing treatments like silver spray or biofilm busters (e.g., xylitol) Detoxification post-MARCoNS clearance using agents like chlorella and glutathione Assessing and normalizing various health markers (e.g., ADH, osmolality, MMP9, C4a, C3a, TGF-beta, sex hormones) Additional Resources and Episodes Early stages of Lyme infection and Herxheimer reaction: Episode 116 Chronic inflammation and biotoxin management: Episode 117 Role of binders in interrupting enterohepatic circulation and toxin elimination Discussion on Biofilm Importance of addressing biofilm in antimicrobial therapies Potential supplements and strategies (e.g., garlic, oil of oregano, stevia) Overview of Lyme Disease Impact & Immune Function Chronic inflammation due to miscommunication between the innate and adaptive immune systems + dysregulated adaptive responses How borrelia evades the immune responses Immunomodulation in Lyme Disease Background on immune modulation Role of T cells in adaptive immune response Th1 and Th2 cell imbalance in chronic Lyme Strategies to support Th1 cells and decrease Th2 response Focus on Thymosin Alpha 1 Benefits of Thymosin Alpha 1 in modulating immune function Promoting Th1 response and managing Th2 dominance Effects on regulatory T cells (Tregs) and immune tolerance Conclusion Reminder to work with a Lyme literate or biotoxin illness literate medical professional Thanks for tuning in! Get Chloe's Book Today! "⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠75 Gut-Healing Strategies & Biohacks⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠" If you liked this episode, please leave a rating and review or share it to your stories over on Instagram. If you tag @synthesisofwellness, Chloe would love to personally thank you for listening! Follow Chloe on Instagram ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠@synthesisofwellness⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Follow Chloe on TikTok @chloe_c_porter Visit ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠synthesisofwellness.com⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ to purchase products, subscribe to our mailing list, and more! Or visit ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠linktr.ee/synthesisofwellness⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ to see all of Chloe's links, schedule a BioPhotonic Scanner consult with Chloe, or support the show! Thanks again for tuning in! --- Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/chloe-porter6/support

Allergy season is upon us, and many are relying on medications like Benadryl, NyQuil, and Dramamine, which have been linked to an increased risk of dementia with long-term use. In this informative episode, I share the comprehensive protocol that helped me and numerous patients overcome allergies once and for all. We'll dive deep into the underlying causes of allergies, exploring the intricate interplay between the immune system, environmental factors, and gut health. From reducing toxic burdens and balancing the Th1/Th2 immune response to healing the gut and restoring beneficial bacteria, this episode provides a holistic blueprint for resolving allergies at their root. Get ready to bid farewell to the misery of sneezing, congestion, and itchy eyes as we uncover the path to lasting relief without the side effects of conventional medications. Show Notes: Understanding Allergies: Causes, Symptoms, and Common Allergens Genetic and environmental factors contributing to allergies Type I hypersensitivity reaction and the role of IgE antibodies Common allergens: environmental, food, insect, drug, and contact allergens The Overflowing Cup: Why Allergies Worsen Over Time Toxic burdens: environmental toxins, home toxins, inflammatory foods The impact of stress on the immune system's capacity Conventional Allergy Treatments: Effectiveness and Side Effects Over-the-counter and prescription medications: antihistamines, decongestants, corticosteroids Potential side effects: drowsiness, dry mouth, cognitive impairment, dementia risk The Naturopathic Approach: Treating the Whole Person and Getting to the Root Reducing the toxic burden Balancing the Th1 and Th2 immune response Healing the Gut: A Four-Step Process Recommended Resources and Further Reading: https://ndnr.com/autoimmuneallergy-medicine/allergies-a-route-to-resolution/ === Thank you to our sponsors! AquaTru https://aquatru.com and use code DRG for 20% off all products. Nuzest https://nuzest-usa.com/drg and use code DRG for 20% off all products. === Be sure to like and subscribe to #HealThySelf Hosted by Doctor Christian Gonzalez N.D. Follow Doctor G on Instagram @doctor.gonzalez https://www.instagram.com/doctor.gonzalez/ Visit https://www.elm.health/ to work directly with Dr. G.

Whether you're a parent concerned about your child's allergies or an allergy sufferer seeking relief, this episode promises to broaden your understanding and bring hope about available treatments! Dr. Gina Dapul-Hidalgo is a board-certified pediatric and adult allergy and immunology specialist, and she explains what allergies really are: the immune system's overreactions to typically harmless substances in the environment. She and Dr. Amigues discuss the different types of allergies, how antibodies work, and the effect of environment on allergies. Dr. Dapul also dives into allergen immunotherapy (desensitization), one of the oldest and most helpful methods for treating allergies. You've probably heard of allergy shots; these can decrease the sensitivity to allergens, reduce the need for medication, and are the closest thing to a cure for allergies! We'll end on a discussion about TH1 and TH2 cells, and the benefits of exposing children to dirt and germs for a resilient immune system. Getting dirty in nature is good for us!

With several health-promoting factors, dark chocolate has numerous health benefits and is considered a functional food due to its anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties.Despite that, dark chocolate is excluded from an autoimmune paleo (AIP) diet, and there are a few reasons people with thyroid and autoimmune thyroid conditions should be cautious about eating it.Today, I'm sharing what you need to know about the potential downside of dark chocolate, why you should be cautious, and why I continue to eat dark chocolate on a regular basis.In this episode, you'll learn:- How dark chocolate's phytic acid content can affect nutrient absorption- The effects of cacao's polyphenols on T2 and TH1 helper cell activity- The risk of heavy metal contamination in chocolate products- Whether you should be concerned about chocolate's oxalate content- Safer choices for dark chocolateAs always, I hope you find this episode valuable, and I look forward to catching you in the next episode!To learn more, visit the show notes at https://savemythyroid.com/podcast/can-dark-chocolate-be-safely-eaten-by-those-with-thyroid-conditions/. Do You Want Help Saving Your Thyroid? Access hundreds of free articles at www.NaturalEndocrineSolutions.com Visit Dr. Eric's YouTube channel at www.youtube.com/c/NaturalThyroidDoctor/ To work with Dr. Eric, visit https://savemythyroid.com/work-with-dr-eric/

In this episode, hosts Jordan Briggs and Marcus White are joined by the insightful Dr. Stewart Gillespie to unravel the mysteries of the immune system. Dr. Gillespie provides valuable insights into the innate and acquired immune systems, shedding light on crucial concepts such as Th1, Th2, Th9, and Th17. Explore the complexities of immunology as the conversation delves into practical tools and hacks to fortify your immunity in the face of modern health challenges. Dr. Gillespie shares actionable tips to empower your immune system and enhance overall well-being.

Who has ever felt travel hungover? Who fears travel because you might have a chronic illness flare or the unknown away from your healing home?  Look I get it, travel used to make me so dang anxious. It took a whole entire routine just to feel good at home, throwing travel in as a variable to the mix was just plain hard! Until I learned the secret tricks and tools that helped me heal my 8 different autoimmune diseases into remission while I traveled, and see the world all at the same time! Nowadays, I feel like my superhuman self and enjoy traveling at least 1-2 times a month. I want you to remember that your body is not broken, if you have AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE you can 100% heal.  Travel may just be one of the necessary ingredients with a few necessary directions. So buckle up, press play, and let's go full speed ahead into this episode!   Show notes: WATCH this episode here: https://www.inspirehealthbyjen.com/heal-your-autoimmune-symptoms-signup   AUTOIMMUNE HEALING RESEARCH GROUP WAITLIST: https://www.inspirehealthbyjen.com/heal-your-autoimmune-symptoms-signup   WORK WITH JEN 1-1 https://www.inspirehealthbyjen.com/discovery-call HEALING RETREAT: https://www.inspirehealthbyjen.com/retreats IN-HOME INFRARED SAUNA: https://www.inspirehealthbyjen.com/infrared-therapy CONNECT WITH JEN: https://www.inspirehealthbyjen.com/work-with-jen  INSPIRE HEALTH FACEBOOK GROUP: https://www.facebook.com/groups/inspirehealthhealing/ Have a question? Send a request and we may feature it on a future episode!: https://forms.gle/bbpYJKTPhmsezYs3A Study mentioned:Assaf, A. M., Al-Abbassi, R., & Al-Binni, M. (2017). Academic stress-induced changes in Th1- and Th2-cytokine response. Saudi pharmaceutical journal : SPJ : the official publication of the Saudi Pharmaceutical Society, 25(8), 1237–1247. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsps.2017.09.009   Free Guide(s): One Day Detox Recipes: https://www.inspirehealthbyjen.com/subscribe-to-pdf Full Moon Meditation: http://www.inspirehealthbyjen.com/subscribe-for-full-moon-meditation Energy Healing Audio: https://www.inspirehealthbyjen.com/energy-healing-audio-download  Find Out More: www.inspirehealthbyjen.com  Blog: www.middaypigeon.com   If you have questions or would like me to help you get started… Let's get in touch and begin your true path of healing today. Your body and your mind will eternally thank you!

This amazing study demonstrates the influence of plant-based (high-fiber) and/or fermented food diets on our immune system. Researchers found that fermented foods like yogurt, kimchi, and kombucha caused a reduction of 19 cytokines including IL-6, IL-12b, and IL-10. This reduction may potentially lead to reduction in chronic inflammation. Let's review this study. DrBeen: Medical Education Online https://www.drbeen.com/ FLCCC | Front Line COVID-19 Critical Care Alliance https://covid19criticalcare.com/ References (August 18, 2023) Gut Microbiota-Targeted Diets Modulate Human Immune Status - PMC https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9020749/ Figure - PMC https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9020749/figure/F6/ Interleukin-6 as a Multifunctional Regulator: Inflammation, Immune Response, and Fibrosis - Ernest Choy, Stefan Rose-John, 2017 https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.5301/jsrd.5000265#:~:text=IL%2D6%20is%20produced%20by,cells%2C%20fibroblasts%2C%20and%20hepatocytes . Role of Interleukin 10 Transcriptional Regulation in Inflammation and Autoimmune Disease - PMC https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3410706/#:~:text=In%20vivo%2C%20major%20sources%20of,granulocytes%20like%20neutrophils%20and%20eosinophils . Regulation of IL-10 and IL-12 production and function in macrophages and dendritic cells - PMC https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4754024/#:~:text=Interleukin%2D12%20signaling,dendritic%20cells%20(DCs)%202 . Interleukin-10 production by effector T cells: Th1 cells show self control - PMC https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2118719/ Disclaimer: This video is not intended to provide assessment, diagnosis, treatment, or medical advice; it also does not constitute provision of healthcare services. The content provided in this video is for informational and educational purposes only. Please consult with a physician or healthcare professional regarding any medical or mental health related diagnosis or treatment. No information in this video should ever be considered as a substitute for advice from a healthcare professional.

Please Follow us and hit the bell to be notified when new episodes drop. Don't forget to Rate this episode and leave a comment. Rate and review your favorite episodes to let me know the things you like so I can keep delivering great content that brings value to your life and health. Check out my online store for self-learning/DIY programs for thyroid, gut health and detox.  You can use this form to reach out and request an Initial Consultation! Visit my LabShop store to self-order the same tests I use with my one-on-one coaching clients.  https://www.drnoseworthy.com/site/contact Follow us on social media Facebook Instagram You can also listen on Apple and Spotify - and all other major podcast platforms.    https://www.instagram.com/drnoseworthyhttps://www.facebook.com/becomeautonomoushttps://www.tiktok.com/@drsnoseworthy

In pursuit of mechanisms and evidence-based approaches, gut health has been revealed as a critical cornerstone of neurological health. In this episode, we're going into detail on what the gut layers are. I hope this video will help someone else who's trying to understand how the gut works for purposes of biohacking with functional medicine, nutrition, supplements, etc. For any intervention, is there evidence of a relationship, and is there data that it worked in other humans? We talk about: what the gut mucus is made out of elements of the gut barrier - the many ways the body keeps microbes and partially digested food away kinds of intestinal epithelial cells (Goblet cells, Paneth cells, M cells, etc.) and their functions types of gut associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) and their distinctions - lamina propria, Peyer's patches, lymph nodes the enteric nervous system and enteroendocrine cells different types of CD4+ T cells: Th1, Th2, Th17, and Treg, what they respond to, and their major outputs the mechanism of nutrient absorption the mechanism of leaky gut (paracellular transport through tight junctions) Here's the video: https://youtu.be/sIn_VxH6zDA Transcript of the video, for those who are pressed for time: https://www.brainforest.org/post/leaky-gut-anatomy I hope this helps someone understand their gut a little better on the path to health. Stay tuned for our next podcast on the relationship between leaky gut and aging. Share this resource with others who are studying gut anatomy on the path to health!

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.05.03.539317v1?rss=1 Authors: Kirkland, J. M., Patel, I., Ardeshna, M. S., Kopec, A. M. Abstract: Strong social support promotes a variety of positive health outcomes in humans and rodent models, while social isolation in rodents shortens lifespan, perceived social isolation (i.e. loneliness) can increase mortality by up to 50% in humans. How social relationships lead to these drastic health effects is unclear, but may involve modulation of the peripheral immune system. The reward circuitry of the brain and social behaviors undergo a critical period of development during adolescence. We published that microglia-mediated synaptic pruning occurs in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) reward region during adolescence to mediate social development in male and female rats. We hypothesized that if reward circuitry activity and social relationships directly impact the peripheral immune system, then natural developmental changes in the reward circuitry and social behaviors during adolescence should also directly impact the peripheral immune system. To test this, we inhibited microglial pruning in the NAc during adolescence, and then collected spleen tissue for mass spectrometry proteomic analysis and ELISA validation. We found that the global proteomic consequences of inhibiting microglial pruning in the NAc were similar between the sexes, but target-specific examination suggests that NAc pruning impacts Th1 cell-related immune markers in the spleen in males, but not females, and broad neurochemical systems in the spleen in females, but not males. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.04.26.538419v1?rss=1 Authors: Willet, A. H., Ren, L., Chen, J.-S., Gould, K. Abstract: Myosin-1s are monomeric actin-based motors that function at membranes. Myo1 is the single myosin-1 isoform in Schizosaccharomyces pombe that works redundantly with Wsp1-Vrp1 to activate the Arp2/3 complex for endocytosis. Here, we identified Ank1 as an uncharacterized cytoplasmic Myo1 binding partner. We found that in ank1{Delta} cells, Myo1 dramatically redistributed from endocytic patches to decorate the entire plasma membrane and endocytosis was defective. Biochemical analysis and structural predictions suggested that the Ank1 ankyrin repeats bind the Myo1 lever arm and the Ank1 acidic tail binds the Myo1 TH1 domain to prevent TH1-dependent Myo1 membrane binding. Indeed, Ank1 over-expression precluded Myo1 membrane localization and recombinant Ank1 blocked purified Myo1 liposome binding in vitro. Based on biochemical and cell biology analyses, we propose budding yeast Ank1 and human OSTF1 are functional Ank1 orthologs and that cytoplasmic sequestration by small ankyrin repeat proteins is a conserved mechanism regulating myosin-1s in endocytosis. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

It's hard to slow down when you're dopamine-dominant. Being highly motivated, fast-paced, and competitive has many benefits, but how can you slow down when it starts negatively impacting your health? Kris Gethin is on the podcast today to answer that, and much more! In this episode, Kris and Joe discuss their thoughts on stem cell therapy, how to choose what supplements to add and remove for optimal fitness, and how Kris uses biohacking to balance his training with his focus on living a long and healthy life. Kris also gives us an inside look at his daily routine and what he focuses on to optimize his diet and nutrition, which has resulted in him achieving a glycan age of 26 at the current chronological age of 48! Kris Gethin is the co-owner of KAGED supplements, co-owner of the Kris Gethin Gyms, owner of Kris Gethin coaching and a hybrid athlete. He is the former editor in chief of bbcom, former editor at large of FLEX and came 2nd in Natural World bodybuilding championships in 2006. - Find Kris Gethin on Instagram @krisgethin - Check out SelfDecode - Join Joe's online community - Follow Joe on Instagram & TikTok Timestamps: (0:00) - Introduction (2:56) - Kris' Daily Routine (10:42) - How Kris chooses his supplements (15:24) - HRV and training (21:18) - The neurochemistry behind overtraining and mood (26:13) - Kris labs and supplements (31:34) - Stem cells (33:50) - Longevity and bodybuilding (42:36) - How to improve glycan age (45:43) - Th1 vs Th2 and megadosing supplements

During this edition of the Thrivality:OutLoud Podcast, Steven Wright is back on the show to discuss his new creation - HoloImmune - which uses a new class of ingredients called ParaProbiotics - or heat treated young probiotics - to rebalance the two branches of your immune system, the Innate and Adaptive or TH1 and TH2. These branches modulate each other but can become imbalanced through stress or illness resulting in a host of problems from respiratory, skin, gut, or overall immune imbalances.And while HoloImmune uses something sounding like a ProBiotic - aka ParaProbiotics - this product is NOT intended for traditional gut flora repopulation; rather, HoloImmue re-estabishes proper cell to cell communication in the gut. Think of Vitamin C, Zinc, Quercertin, NAC as ingredients the immune system uses to do its job. And HoloImmune as the intelligence or “flight plans” to get the immune system rebalanced and “flying” in the right direction.Why you should listen: podcast topics & outline1. Why Steven and his team created the new HoloImmune cell signaling product that reboots the immune systems flight plans2. What are the two (2) branches of the immune system, Innate and Adaptive, where they are located and how they actually work3. The five (5) different ways the immune system can become dis regulated 4. How HoloImmune is different than traditional Immune System ingredients such as Vitamin C, Zinc, Quercertin, etc.5. How HoloImmune supports the Upper Respiratory System, Skin Health, and even those dealing with more complex health issues like Lyme or Mold6. HoloImmune's unique ParaProbiotic ingredients that don't act like a traditional probiotic, but rather intelligently rebalance and modulate the immune system7. Who HoloImmune is for and how much to takeSponsors and Linksa) Discount link for HoloImmune or use the discount code Thrive15 for $15 your first order @ www.HealthGut.com. Offer expires 10/31/2022b) for more information about me, journey, and offerings: http://www.thrivality.com

This episode of the podcast may be one of my all-time favorites. Dr. Vojdani is one of the leaders in the science and study of the immune system and autoimmunity. If you have hypothyroidism, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, another autoimmune condition, or food intolerances you are going to want to listen to this podcast. (Maybe multiple times.) In this episode we discuss: The basics of the immune system Th1 vs TH2 The role of the immune system in thyroiditis and why thyroid antibodies may not be the bad boys we thought they were. What causes immune activation and autoimmunity Loss of tolerance Food intolerance testing And so much more... This episode is packed with awesome information from one of the leaders in the industry. Aristo Vojdani obtained his MSc and PhD in microbiology and clinical immunology from Bar-Ilan University, Israel, with postdoctoral studies in comparative immunology at UCLA and tumor immunology at Charles Drew/UCLA School of Medicine and Science. He is a Clinical Professor at Loma Linda University in California, and an Adjunct Professor at the Lincoln College of Professional, Graduate and Continuing Education at the National University of Health Sciences.   Dr. Vojdani's ongoing research focuses on the role of environmental triggers in complex diseases, and he has developed more than 300 antibody assays for the detection of autoimmune disorders and other diseases. He has 17 US patents, over 200 articles, and two books, “Neuroimmunity and the Brain- Gut Connection” and “Food-Associated Autoimmunities: When Food Breaks Your Immune System,” to his name. He is the CEO of Immunosciences Lab in Los Angeles, California; the Chief Scientific Advisor for Cyrex Labs in Phoenix, Arizona; and, sits on the editorial board of five scientific journals. His many awards include the Herbert J. Rinkel Award (American Academy of Environmental Medicine), the Linus Pauling, PhD Award (American College for Advancement in Medicine), and the Personalized Lifestyle Medicine Institute Lifetime Achievement Award. Presently, Dr Vojdani is an Adjunct Associate Professor in the Department of Preventive Medicine at Loma Linda University in California, and an Adjunct Professor at the Lincoln College of Professional, graduate and continuing education at the National University of Health Sciences. He lectures at scientific and medical conferences around the world, spreading his knowledge and thereby improving the lives of patients once thought lost.

Guar Gum may be a potent Immune regulator Diets high in guar gum, a common food additive and dietary fibre, limited inflammation and delayed the onset of multiple sclerosis (MS) symptoms in mice, according to new research by members of the University of British Columbia (UBC) Microbiology and Immunology department. #guargum #ms # neuroinflammation Fettig NM, Robinson HG, Allanach JR, Davis KM, Simister RL, Wang EJ, Sharon AJ, Ye J, Popple SJ, Seo JH, Gibson DL, Crowe SA, Horwitz MS, Osborne LC. Inhibition of Th1 activation and differentiation by dietary guar gum ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Cell Rep. 2022 Sep 13;40(11):111328. doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111328. PMID: 36103823. Guar gum, fiber, fibre, autoimmune, neuroinflammation, th1, autoimmune encephalomyelitis, dietary fiber, microbiota, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, EAE, multiple sclerosis, MS, CD4+ T cells --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/ralph-turchiano/support

Guar Gum may be a potent Immune regulator Diets high in guar gum, a common food additive and dietary fibre, limited inflammation and delayed the onset of multiple sclerosis (MS) symptoms in mice, according to new research by members of the University of British Columbia (UBC) Microbiology and Immunology department. #guargum #ms # neuroinflammation Fettig NM, Robinson HG, Allanach JR, Davis KM, Simister RL, Wang EJ, Sharon AJ, Ye J, Popple SJ, Seo JH, Gibson DL, Crowe SA, Horwitz MS, Osborne LC. Inhibition of Th1 activation and differentiation by dietary guar gum ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Cell Rep. 2022 Sep 13;40(11):111328. doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111328. PMID: 36103823. Guar gum, fiber, fibre, autoimmune, neuroinflammation, th1, autoimmune encephalomyelitis, dietary fiber, microbiota, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, EAE, multiple sclerosis, MS, CD4+ T cells --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/ralph-turchiano/support

Microbigals are finishing up our series of the microbiome by bringing you a gut microbiome DaBOM. Tess, Julie, and Jon bring you articles on how the gut microbiome affect the bodies response to cancerous cells, how certain diet and feeding patterns affect the gut microbiome composition, and how administering a bacteria in mice positively affects obesity and type II diabetes. They also bring some industry news including self replicating ribosomes and a microbiome product filing for licensing. check out the links below. Articles and links Oral administration of Blautia wexlerae ameliorates obesity and type 2 diabetes via metabolic remodeling of the gut microbiota Diet and feeding pattern modulate diurnal dynamics of the ileal microbiome and transcriptome The microbiome restrains melanoma bone growth by promoting intestinal NK and Th1 cell homing to bone SERES THERAPEUTICS ANNOUNCES COMPLETION OF ROLLING BLA SUBMISSION TO FDA FOR INVESTIGATIONAL MICROBIOME THERAPEUTIC SER-109 FOR RECURRENT C. DIFFICILE INFECTION Self-replicating protein factories are a step towards artificial life   Thanks to our sponsor Zymo Research. you can find out more about the company and their products here.  Visit our website at microbigals.com where we are updating with new content, including blog posts, regularly. you can also find us on twitter @MicrobiGals. Also, if you would like to donate to our show, we have started a kofi page. you can donate on our website or visit https://ko-fi.com/microbigals.  

Ok so let's talk about gut health. Gut health and detox are pretty much the two most important topics, and toxins affect gut health....but good gut health is necessary for proper detoxification.....I think gut health wins. At least for this next podcast series :) Gut health is foundational to health, inflammation, and aging. It's so crucial, but so few people seem to have it mastered IF they are still experiencing symptoms, and I mean ANY symptoms - joint pain, fatigue, anxiety, depression, bipolar, metabolic, certainly autoimmune flares, not just digestive symptoms. I'm going to go deeper into some specific topics in the next few episodes, but this one is an overview, and I made a list of the 10 most important things for gut health. The first 3 are symptoms, the next 4 are mechanisms, and the last 3 are infections, and understanding these 10 things will give you a pretty good grasp on understanding gut health and digestion overall!Diarrhea - I talk about IBS, IBD, low microbiome and good bacteria/probiotics, glutamine, mast cells, and hydrogen SIBO....Constipation - I talk dysbiosis/methane, and a LOT about vagal motor outflow and vagus nerve activity that controls motility as well as HCL, bile, enzymes....Bloating - When I hear bloating I think small intestine and fermentation. Dysbiosis is often at the root, which includes proper digestion (HCL and bile), and I touch on SIBO/SIFO, avoiding FODMAPs foods....Digestion - This is critical!! Chewing your food, being in parasympathetic mode, then proper stomach acid - it can be too high (mast cells) or too low (more common), pancreatic digestive enzymes, bile from the gallbladder (steatocrit), and of course VAGUS BABY!Dysbiosis - The 10 lbs of bacteria in your gut can become imbalanced. Low good bacteria, general microbiome imbalances…..and LPS!!!!!Leaky Gut - Everyone can have some intestinal permeability, is yours pathological, and if so what kind is it - paracellular or transcellular? Food Sensitivities - IgG testing, and how food sensitivities can drive autoimmune reactivity, general inflammatory tone, and initiate T cell mediated tissue damageSIBO - Bloating! Fermentation of fibers, starches, sugars, FODMAPs ...why you need HCL, bile, vagus outflow……Why I think SIBO testing is dumb….Candida - OMG….the single biggest thing I see. Antibiotics, sugar, stress, birth control, mold exposure, can drive a Th17 inflammatory response (autoimmune), can also drive Th2 (and both will decrease Th1)......and why I love urinary organic acids testing for fungal issues.Parasites - this I am going to do a whole episode on because it's crazy, it's quite frankly pretty controversial in the autoimmune world, is it better to have or to not have them??? The answer is IT DEPENDS. But I do talk about someone who was diagnosed with Ulcerative Colitis and it actually seemed to be a parasitic infection, pretty interesting story :)Share this with someone, subscribe, leave a rating and review, and follow me elsewhere!

A stuffy nose (allergic rhinitis) is one of the most common symptoms of allergies, aka hay fever.Millions suffer seasonally, or just randomly, unable to fully appreciate blooming flowers, grassy meadows, furry four-legged pet friends, or other beauties in the environment.I, Dr. Ben, know this quite well first hand, as allergies and asthma kept me from feeling my best during soccer and baseball seasons as a kiddo. The prescription antihistamines and bronchodilating inhalers hardly worked to manage my chronic allergies... but then, everything changed when nature helped to put my immune system into balance. In today's Medicinal Monday episode we cover everything from managing allergy symptoms naturally, the power of nasal diaphragmatic breathing to help the body function in its best form, as well as the intricacies of immune balancing (Th1 and Th2).As always, you can join us live each Monday at 12 PT / 3 ET on the Alter Health YouTube Channel! https://www.youtube.com/alterhealthSome highlights from today's episode on Nose/Sinuses...The nose and sinuses filter and humidify air, providing first line of defense against invading pathogens and toxinsChronic congestion from allergies increases risk for upper respiratory infection including sinus infection and ear infectionAllergy symptoms can be immediately relieved from steam inhalation or alternating compress, as well as some herbs and supplements (nettels, butterbur, NAC, etc)The power of nose breathing to both prevent and reverse chronic congestion (and balance blood pressure, nervous system, oral microbiome, and more)How being too clean/sterile can chronically imbalance the immune system and exacerbate allergies (and other conditions related to Th2 dominance)Links to some more good stuff-  Join Alter Health on Locals: https://alterhealth.locals.com/- Cleanse with Us during the next Alter Health Cleanse: https://www.alter.health/cleanse- Work with us in the Thrive on Plants program: https://www.alter.health/thrive-on-plants- ATTN Health Practitioners! Learn more and apply to the Plant Based Mind Body Practitioner Program: https://www.alter.health/pbmb-practitionerPeace and Love.

Between 10-30% of the global population experiences allergic rhinitis, otherwise known as "hay fever," which is the most common presentation of environmental allergies.Honestly, I thought allergies were even more prevalent than this. The wide range is likely due to the fact that allergies tend to come and go, which can make them even more difficult to understand and get a handle on.Nevertheless, prescription and over-the-counter allergy medications, such as anti-histamines, are some of the most common pills to be swallowed in our world today. Even with such meds, it can be difficult to manage these symptoms... until now!No, no, no... there aren't any quick fixes to allergies. In fact, reversing allergies is a prime example of playing the long game to allow and encourage the immune system to find its innate balance.In a nutshell, the "allergens" that trigger an immune response aren't bad and we shouldn't have to fear or avoid them. The goal is to retrain and nourish the immune system to offer more resilience. We cover lots of science and strategies for managing and reversing allergy symptoms in today's episode.If you'd like to join these conversations live, be sure to Subscribe to the Alter Health YouTube Channel! https://www.youtube.com/alterhealthSome highlights from today's MM episode...Managing allergy symptoms (+ cold/URI) naturally with steam inhalation,  netti pot, and alternating hot/cold compressThe allergy/anti-histamine herbs and nutrients like nettles, butterbur, eyebright, quercetin, Vit C, NACReducing the load of environmental triggers by removing shoes indoors, washing sheets regularly, dusting/vacuuming, HEPA air filter, etcThe importance of balancing Th1 and Th2 immune responses - resolving system inflammation, avoiding immunogenic foods, gut healing, exposure to bacteria/virusesUnderstanding the stress response and its role in the immune systemLinks to some more good stuff-  Join Alter Health on Locals: https://alterhealth.locals.com/- Cleanse with Us during the next Alter Health Cleanse: https://www.alter.health/cleanse- Work with us in the Thrive on Plants program: https://www.alter.health/thrive-on-plants- ATTN Health Practitioners! Learn more and apply to the Plant Based Mind Body Practitioner Program: https://www.alter.health/pbmb-practitionerPeace and Love.

In this episode, Dr. Carmen explains how cortisol helps regulate the immune systems TH1 and TH2. What TH1 combats for us and how cortisol impacts it. What TH2 combats and again how cortisol impacts it. Understanding this relationship can help us better understand our labs, how we fight chronic and why we can't (sometimes) fight chronic infection. TH1, TH2, and Cortisol relationship impacts our health, energy, recovery, and the ability for our body to get fitter. If you want to take this work deeper, and apply it to your life we invite you to join us in the New Beginnings Program. We take this work apply it to your daily life, practice it. Unwinding the beliefs that don't serve you and go to work creating ones that move your life to that place you want it to be. Click here for more information: https://www.kimberlyjarmancoaching.com/the-path-to-success-program/ If you are ready to jump in click here to schedule a complimentary consultation call: https://calendly.com/kimberlyjarmancoaching/free-consultation-call For more information about working with Dr. Carmen Jones ND https://www.drcarmenjones.com

HIGHLIGHTS[00:48] Relating the winter Olympics to the nobility of the sports[05:15] Unravelling Nathalie's identity, purpose in life and her passion for sharing information[09:05] Living a life of gratitude in a world of abundance but not contentment[11:35] What is a peptide? What does it do to the body?[17:35] The proper way of introducing peptides to the body[21:49] A starter peptide that may work for an individual who just started to take a peptide[26:00] What is a Th1 and Th2 cell?[34:30] Utilizing both conventional and alternative medicine to provide medical solutions[38:15] Bioregulator peptides and the untapped benefits it provides to the body[43:35] Getting your hands on a peptide[50:14] Natalie relates her experience with peptides and the most profound benefits it has[56:06] The unquantifiable effects of good sleep and Nathalie's hacks for a great sleepUPGRADE YOUR WELLNESSClaim your free toxicity consult through this LINKAMD Ion Cleanse: https://calendly.com/ioncleanse/detoxCellcore - https://freddiesetgo.com/favorites/cellcore/ My favorite BindersLightPath LED https://lightpathled.com/?wpam_id=2 Discount Code - beautifullybrokenCelsius Network Website - https://celsius.network/ My Fav CRYPTO BankingBioStrap:https://biostrap.com/order-evo?ref=freddiekimmelp My Favorite Recovery Tracker Discount: BEAUTIFULLYBROKENUpgraded Formulas: LINK Code: FREDDIE10CONNECT WITH FREDDIECheck out my website and download “The Beautifully Broken Buyer's Guide” - https://freddiesetgo.com/Join my membership program -https://www.buymeacoffee.com/freddiesetgoInstagram - https://www.instagram.com/freddiesetgo/

Today I'm with guest Dr Rahul Vangala This episode gets straight to the point in answering the grand question of “Why does a mother's immune system not reject a developing baby as foreign tissue?” Dr. Rahul Vangala's most interesting answer is compared to a person's rejection of organ transplants. He explains that along with the immune changes a mother experiences, the placenta's close knit anatomy is a certain immune privilege site that has the attributes of a nematode using neurokinines in order to remain “hidden” and not be detected by the host. If the host's body cannot recognize foreign substances, then it lacks the ability to enable defense mechanisms that would attack that foreign material. This is most favorable for a fetus and perpetuates gestation. He moves on to break down the complex immune responses our bodies have antigens, or foreign materials, by mentioning the main role of the TH1 T Helper Cell and it's critical function to rejecting organs. Dr. Vangala mentions this because during pregnancy it necessary that there be an ideal degree of immune suppression of TH1 responses by the presence of TH2 responses. Not only are TH1 cells suppressed but Natural Killer cells are also dampened. He then goes on to explain how the beginning stages of the placenta during implantation resembles a semi-allograft meaning that the tissues grafted in are only partially foreign. The two doctors then discuss a major topic of autoimmune disorders and the complications of attempting to get pregnant. They unveil the way the autoimmune diseases decrease the likelihood of an optimal environment for viable gestation. Although, it is not impossible for women who live with autoimmune disorders to get pregnant and deliver a health baby. However, all in all there are many adjustments to the mechanics in order to make what we see as precious miracles. #immunechanges #placenta #pregnancy #immunesystem #TCells #THelperCells #semiallograft #autoimmune #graft #host #Surrogacy #AllergyImmunology #Rashes #Hives #Hormones

Dr. Karla Mehlenbacher Founder of Take Root Brain & Body joins us today, she is also a Board Certified Chiropractic Neurologist, and a Holistic Auto-Immune Practitioner. She had an auto-immune disease as a child and a later discovery of Lyme Disease. This is what drew her into holistic health and healing. She has multiple degrees in anatomy, biology and clinical neuroscience. She weaves perspectives from all of these disciplines to support full body wellness. She uses integrative neurology and functional medicine to help people struggling with post concussion syndrome, childhood developmental disorders, chronic pain, and many other neurological and auto-immune conditions. Her hope is to build a community where anyone suffering from chronic illness can seek wellness and feel supported by a wide variety of resources specific to the healing journey.     In this episode, we discuss: Dr. Karla's auto-immune disease and what lead her to holistic health Is auto-immune rooted in childhood trauma? Self Regulation – children vs. adults What is Lyme disease and who is susceptible to it? TH1, TH2 & Parasites When she found functional neurology Childhood disorders she treats   Work with Jennifer Get 25% Off a Private Coaching Session with me Sign-up for the Newsletter and stay up to date on my latest workshops, services, and speaking events.  Become a Member & Support the Illuminated Podcast on Patreon FREE 1 Year Supply of Vitamin D + 5 Travel Packs from Athletic Greens when you use My exclusive offer: AthleticGreens.com/Illuminated  Work with Dr. Karla Mehlenbacher Book an appointment for a consultation Find out more about Functional Medicine   Connect with Jennifer Website Patreon YouTube Facebook Instagram   Connect with  Website     Facebook Instagram

Besides 2-methoxy-17beta-estradiol, cell cycle arrest via chromatin deacetylation can mitigate cell proliferation by decreasing global transcription while promoting the expression of tumor suppressor genes like p16INK4a while DNA Damage Repair (DDR) from pro-inflammatory cytokine production from senescent cells and Th1 lymphocytes can inhibit commitment to mitosis and cytokinesis by generating the paracrine SASP paradigm. Refs. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2012;302:C1026-C1034 Steroids Volume 75, Issue 10, October 2010, Pages 625-631 Oncotarget. 2013 Oct; 4(10): 1552–1553 Cancer Metastasis Rev. 2020; 39(3): 681–709 --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/dr-daniel-j-guerra/message Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/dr-daniel-j-guerra/support

這集感謝網友幫我做筆記，讓我很快的可以整理好內容！大感謝！　 1.Pauline：分享英國疫苗工作組專家感想：當時牛津大學有很多計劃在進行，可以選擇要跟歐盟還是自己研發疫苗，後來選後者。在疫苗初期發展過程也是有遇到問題，但我們比歐盟提早三個月，所以有時間解決這些問題。當初也花四千兩百萬英鎊買斷印度的生產線，一開始也被問很多立場和政治取向，他也是很傷心，但是還是把救人放在第一位，研發設計疫苗就是讓英國全國都可以施打，還有全球，其他防疫方面也要進行不要忽略。此外輝瑞在英國區的經理提到，英國在批准和接種速度是前所未有，企業和政府都在分擔風險，是全國性的活動。所以今天聽到國產疫苗的進展很感動。 2.Nobuhiro：今天高端記者會感想：一般人最在乎就是有打安慰跟沒打的差別，但看完下午的資料看不太懂。 3.Yvonne：剛剛有提到疫苗的有效性除了中和抗體，也要考慮 TH1 T細胞的反應，請問臨床實驗上已有正式將 TH1 的 cytokines 如 TNFa 列為可量化的正式指標了嗎？本來 AZ 有要找台灣的 CDMO 代工，但產能沒有做到國際要求，會不會覺得很可惜，有哪些面向是可以加強的，以後也有機會接到單子？ 04b：報導者有報導過國衛院牽線想代工，今天阿中記者會證實了此事，要求是要年產三億，但我們只能一億。另外還有萬一接了單，國產疫苗就沒辦法量產了，現在回頭看新冠疫苗的策略，國外幾乎都是先外購，再來代工，最後就是扶植國產。可以參考鄰近兩國例子，想一下如果先代工，可能會不一樣。今天也有說我們想代工莫德納，陳培哲老師也有說蛋白疫苗很難做也花時間，所以可以回頭討論這樣做是不是有可以改進的空間。 疫苗新布局：爭取牛津授權、台廠代工有望，國家隊產能為何恐受影響？ 04b：中和抗體也沒有標準化，更何況是更難做的 T 細胞相關，這也是麻煩的地方。WHO 也沒討論到 TH1 指標。 這樣如果要跟國際接軌？ 04b：不用太擔心，就給大人決定，總會有個出路的。後面還有這麼多疫苗，卡在高端聯亞一樣的狀況，目前的疫苗明顯不夠供給全世界，WHO 的立場應該是會解決這件事。 4.台灣佈局的疫苗數量就是不夠一千五百萬人接種兩劑，疫苗做出來的數據也沒有國際通用的標準，不知道國產跟 AZ 的血清比結果如何，但現在就是不能比別人差，目前的佈局會達到群體免疫嗎，如果不行要怎麼控制下來？ 04b：時勢所逼還是會持續買疫苗，進入下半年會不會進入賣家市場，可能會比較容易買到，狀況可能會改變。 5.日本代工疫苗： 日本有 AZ，武田有申請莫德納，但不知道會不會做，Novavax 確定有代工。 Shuman：武田如果代工莫德納預計最快第三季會開始生產，台灣如果有需要會是第一優先合作夥伴。 6.Wendy：美國疫苗現在是過剩，會大幅度加快供應。聽說台灣做 PCR 測試 CT 值降低了，測出來的人就會少一點？ 04b：我們出院的標準是 30，跟檢測不一樣，台灣的資料在康復者追蹤的PCR做到 30 以上幾乎沒有活病毒。現在美國 CDC 不用 follow PCR，台灣還是有點小心，十天後如果沒症狀，CT 值 30 以上就可以回去。追蹤和確診不一樣，目前確診陽性是訂在 35，但如果 35~40 之間還是有機會判定陽性。 7.Ariel：國產疫苗有預計去印度或巴西做第三期嗎？ 04b：高端計畫去印度，聯亞計畫去中美洲，有計劃，目前不知道是否真的會成行。今天高端也說想做第三期，困難的是，第二期作完前不能直接審，再來是跨國的臨床實驗資金，言下之意好像又不會去做了。有去跟歐盟諮詢，第二期做到這樣，如果想在歐盟做臨床或正式申請，可以做哪些規劃。 8.一開始設計是原始株，不是針對變種，這樣對變種病毒是否有效？ 04b：可以在實驗室做，國產兩家都有在做了，初期報告跟國際疫苗有點像，雖然中和抗體有掉下來，但都在有保護的範圍內。如果真的要認證有沒有效，還是要做臨床。現在莫德納也是實驗做一做就說有效，理論上可以保護，就繼續了，沒有做臨床試驗。因為在南非臨床就做出中和抗體下降特別多，不管是輝瑞莫德納 Novavax 就有在研發下一代疫苗。 04b 爆卦：何美鄉老師說他比調擔心聯亞，兩家都是蛋白質，但因為聯亞是小分子， 很小很小的分子要產生抗體是很難的。高端有兩個佐劑，抗體可能產生比較好。老師有參加聯亞的人體實驗。 9.Sarah：有人問部長說英國病毒株是否可預防，部長說可能會打到三劑。另外下星期 75 歲長輩就會開始接種，由區公所統籌，請民眾稍安勿躁，是以戶籍地做通知對象。 04b：英國變種病毒沒有明顯免疫逃逸現象，各大疫苗廠都做了實驗室的中和抗體，本身疫苗是有效的，原本是針對武漢株，但沒有免疫逃逸。阿中說的第三針，在蛋白疫苗理論上是可行的，蛋白疫苗相對比較安全。B 肝疫苗也是要打三針，中國滅活疫苗也有在想要不要打三針。今天衛福部有評估報告，未來要因應變種病毒，因為蛋白疫苗的速度慢，曠日費時，mRNA 是調整最快的，六個星期內就可以做出新的疫苗，所以今天就有討論是否要代工。未來病毒一直變，可能還是要 mRNA 才能應變。 衛福部：建立核酸疫苗自主生產技術刻不容緩 爭取疫苗代工！ 陳時中：已向莫德納表達「有興趣與有能力」 10.Po Chun：高端計畫去荷蘭、連亞去印度做三期，以現在的時空環境，雙北地區是否可做三期的場域？美國去年就補助藥廠研發，但台灣有點像是里程碑式的補助，前面的研發過程就是民間企業要承擔，如果政府補助很大筆錢，會有圖利的疑慮，對比美國是更超前在補助疫苗廠。 04b：美國是神速計畫，要不是川普投資這麼多，疫苗不會做這麼快做出來。回頭來想新冠疫苗的策略，目前做出來的也就那幾國，日本也沒做出來。我們是否一定要做出自己培植國產，日韓走代工，但沒放棄走國產，日本投入的金額一樣是我們的幾倍之多，有六家藥廠，前期一樣也是搶代工，他們生技產業技術在我們之上，連他們都是這樣做，我們的佈局是否太保守，歐洲這麼多國也只有英國做出國產。可能台灣有買不到疫苗的問題，但國產真的做得出來嗎，也不是很確定的事情。 雙北做三期？看之後疫情控制到什麼程度，就算做三期，也不是做原來的三期（食鹽水組）所以 WHO 在想要改變這件事，可能要正式上市的疫苗相比，現在很多新藥都是這樣，證明沒有比他差，怎麼證明，測中和抗體或兩邊到底多少人得病，也可以要做比他好的設計，但藥廠通常不敢做這樣的設計。現在真的是不確定的時候，未來看法規單位會怎麼要求第三期、給 EUA、甚至上市。 11.Howard：感覺疫苗實驗的人數、安全性、保護力以及相關的副作用，會是專家或民眾考量疫苗是否可信或是願意施打的原因，目前國內疫苗的中和抗體幾何平均效價與國外的定義不太相同，該如何正確判斷及比較國內外疫苗的安全性或保護力呢？ 04b：中和抗體做法每個臨床實驗都不一樣，現在沒有訂出一個中和抗體要怎麼測的標準，流感早就訂出來了。每家臨床的數據不能互相比較，現在想出來的方法是用康復者血清比，現在可能會往這個方向去，但不知道 WHO 會不會訂出來。台灣想出來的是跟某個疫苗，像是AZ比。 12.Nathan：COVID-19 疫苗注射完，抗體消退後或病毒一直變種 etc，如果接下來要一直打，每年都要補打，目前為什麼要一直擔心國產疫苗跟國際接軌的問題？策略是先代工的印度一月開打、日韓二月底開打，台灣四月開打真的有很慢嗎？ 04b：我也很糾結為什麼大家一直糾結打不到疫苗這件事，如果不是本土疫情爆發，應該大家還在嫌棄AZ的副作用吧。進入疫情前兩週媒體都在討論疫苗，瘋狂追疫苗，企業地方政府都去買，但明顯沒那麼好買，新聞炒了兩週，一場空，什麼都沒買到。處理現在的疫情，至少要先把檢驗量能提升，疫苗是最後，打完也不是沒事，打完還是上學前要檢測，還是有可能會得到。不要陷入打不到疫苗就焦慮，打到疫苗就沒事。也許年底明年就可以出國，如果是兩三年後，輝瑞滿街跑，沒有短缺，就不是問題，現在不用擔心。能否會跟國際接軌可以先放一旁，是否有效、能否為控制疫情出一份力，是目前比較重要的。 13.Trivien：請問得過武漢肺炎的人，痊癒之後還需要打疫苗嗎？請問打過高端疫苗的人，如果高端疫苗不被國際承認，要出國的話還可以打 AZ、輝瑞等四大疫苗嗎？ 04b：美國建議得過了都還是要打，打了產生的中和抗體是比康復者抗體還高，康復者的抗體是會慢慢消退的，有些無症狀也不知道你有沒有得過，反正就都打。台灣因為之前案例不多，沒有特別針對這個做建議，因為在疫苗短缺時候，得過新冠的人大概半年內是不用打的。第二個問題，混打，不知道。蛋白疫苗 EUA 最快的是 Novavax，英國有在做花式混打研究，目前台灣因為疫苗不夠，指揮中心說不能混打。但等可以出國的時候，也不知道狀況是怎樣，到那時候再來煩惱。 14.Nobuhiro、Shuman 分享日本打疫苗的政策和被浪費的疫苗 Nobuhiro：大家都想打疫苗，但把防疫做好比較實際。今天拿到了疫苗兌換券，要比賽搶到時段才能打。在日本從疫情到現在拿到疫苗兌換券，等了一年三個月。大家努力做好防疫比較重要。日本目標在秋季之前全部打完，要開放職場和學校可以打，多管齊下。 Shuman：現在只有東京圈的年輕人才有券。現在有產業醫的公司就可以打，包含員工眷屬。 Pauline：法國打法是先測抗體，有測到抗體，打一針。 Wendy：美國也有這樣推薦，但因為美國疫苗太多了，就沒有這樣做。 15.四X貓：問混打。一開始打好像有簽切結書，如果第二劑沒有AZ，要打別的疫苗。 04b：現在不能混打。切結書第二劑打有可能是打國產疫苗，但接下來 AZ 可能不會缺，後續日本可能還會送，原廠也有訂。第二劑莫德納就不用想了。英國是 AZ 和輝瑞的資料會先出來，AZ和莫德納混打的資料要再晚些。 16.Shuman：高雄說優先讓懷孕醫護打莫德納？ 04b：美國孕婦打 mRNA 有報告，有一定安全性。 Wendy：有研究，將近三萬六千個孕婦打的都挺安全，幾乎都是輝瑞莫德納，有一些 J&J。 04b：有一定安全性的報告，AZ 應該不是孕婦會出問題，是懷孕本身就有形成血栓的風險。莫德納本來就優先給第一線，看醫護要再怎麼分也可以。 Sarah：AZ 有四萬劑會留給自費第二劑劑的人施打。23 價公費肺炎鏈球菌疫苗 75 歲都還有量。台中有另外開放 60 歲以上，可能很快就打完了。提醒長輩待在家減少風險暴露。 高端 聯亞 國產疫苗懶人包 第二期結束就緊急授權可行嗎？ https://linshibi.com/?p=39547 新冠快篩懶人包 普篩 抗體快篩 抗原快篩 https://linshibi.com/?p=36564 新冠肺炎疫情下的防疫須知 常見問題解答FAQ https://linshibi.com/?p=35408 新冠疫苗常見問題懶人包 https://linshibi.com/?p=38945 林氏璧醫師的電子名片 https://lit.link/linshibi 歡迎贊助我喝咖啡 https://pay.firstory.me/user/linshibi Powered by Firstory Hosting

Is it the host or the bug that is most important? The worse thing you can do is weaken the immune system when there is a pandemic.  H1N1 changed its glycoprotein spike arrangement in 1915.  In 1918 , it was called the Spanish Flu and killed 675,000 Americans and 100 million Worldwide!  But the human immune system adapted and fought back.  In June 2009 H1N1 changed a bit again and killed 13,000 Americans.  I personally was very worried about H1N1 (still am). Its nastier than most. H1N1 still causes 90% of all FluA outbreaks and infections today!   But the human immune system adapted and fought back.  Herd immunity as a group, better Th1 & Th2 and Killer T cells as an individual put us back on top of the food chain.  Natural selection rocking us on!  Dr. Fred Clary, founder of Functional Analysis Chiropractic Technique and lifting and life coach and gym chalk covered philosopher opens a conversation on the history of a pandemic. Prayers and positive thoughts to all those affected physically, emotionally, economically and spiritually by the current crisis!  

Using Spore-Based Probiotics (Sporebiotics) to Improve Your Health - Live Podcast #157 Get Show Updates Here: http://www.beyondwellnessradio.com/newsletter  Show Transcription: https://justinhealth.com/sporebiotics-to-improve-your-health-live-podcast-157/  You-tube Podcast Subscribe: http://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=justinhealth  In this podcast, Dr. Justin Marchegiani and Evan Brand digs deep into the topic of probiotics, or more specifically, spore-based probiotics (sporebiotics). Basically, the cell wall of these bacteria which is the spore is known for having awesome benefits of modulating the immune system. One of the benefits of probiotics or sporebiotics is the way it combats the negative effects of electromagnetic fields (EMFs). We may not beware of it, but constant exposure to EMF can actually increase the virulence of infections, parasites, and inflammation in the body, which is why we always try to boost the good bacteria in our system so we could counteract this negative effect. Also, learn about bacillus spores and how it prevents immune system problems like allergies, etc. For more information about the effects of spore-based probiotics, kindly watch this podcast. In this episode, we cover: 03:00             EMF's and Infections 06:29             L. Gasseri and Histamine 09:16             Th1, Th2 immune system and vaccines 18:55             Paleo template and bowel irregularity 24:48             Lectins Subscribe on I-Tunes: http://www.beyondwellnessradio.com/itunes  Review us at: http://www.beyondwellnessradio.com/itunes  Visit us at: http://www.beyondwellnessradio.com  Have a question: http://www.beyondwellnessradio.com/question  References: https://justinhealth.com/products/megasporbiotic/  https://justinhealth.com/products/probio-flora/  https://www.topochicousa.net/  https://www.drberg.com/blog/the-truth-on-vaccines 

Natural ways to strengthen your immune system – Podcast #66 Get Show Updates Here: http://www.beyondwellnessradio.com/newsletter Get the show transcripts here: http://justinhealth.com/natural-ways-to-strengthen-your-immune-system-podcast-66/ Dr. Justin Marchegiani and Evan Brand talk about the various natural ways we can do and supplements we can take to help boost our immune system, especially when we're experiencing an acute illness. Find out about what you can do to enhance your immune system and stay away from illnesses. There are a lot of techniques that you'll learn about how you can supercharge your immune system in this podcast. Dr. Justin breaks down the different branches of the immune system to help us better understand how it works. Learn about what Vitamins A, C, and D, zinc, and silver can do for the immune system as well as what medicinal mushrooms and adaptogenic herbs can do to help. In this episode, topics include: 5:28 foundational info for immune health 11:48 Th1, Th2, IgA, IgG, and IgM 14:16 herbs to boost immune system 17:34 flu viruses and the flu vaccine, symptoms and viruses 24:40 nutrients and vitamins Write us a review: http://www.beyondwellnessradio.com/itunes Visit us at: http://www.beyondwellnessradio.com Have a question: http://www.beyondwellnessradio.com/question