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Voting systems are targets of conspiracy theories but get tested for accuracy and security Voting machines have been at the center of a web of conspiracy theories after the 2020 election, with false claims that they were manipulated to steal the presidency from Donald Trump. There was no evidence of widespread fraud or rigged voting machines in the election, and multiple reviews in the battleground states where the Republican president disputed his loss to Democrat Joe Biden confirmed the results as accurate. In 2023, Fox News agreed to pay Dominion Voting Systems, one of the largest voting machine companies, $787 million to avoid a trial in a defamation lawsuit. In the years since his loss, Trump and his allies have continued to sow doubts about voting equipment. State and local election officials have tried to push back by explaining the layers of protection that surround voting systems and the measures they have in place to conduct fair and accurate elections. In November's presidential election, nearly every ballot cast will have a paper record that can be used to obtain an accurate count even if there are errors or cyberattacks. What is a voting machine? Election officials rely on various pieces of technology. Every office does things a little bit differently. Officials rely on a voter registration system that is a database of registered voters and have an election management system that workers use to create, issue and track ballots. They also use an election-night reporting system that reports unofficial results. Many jurisdictions use electronic pollbooks to check in voters at polling locations. All this depends on software and computers, a reliance that carries risks that officials work to identify and address. For example, election officials often will isolate critical systems from the internet and use storage devices, such as secured USB sticks, to transfer data. They limit access to sensitive equipment to only those who need it and have logs that track and monitor the devices. When an internet connection is needed, election officials will often use private networks to limit the risk of malicious activity and take other steps to scan their systems for potential vulnerabilities and threats. Voters in much of the country fill out ballots by hand, and then that ballot will be scanned and counted electronically. A few places, mostly small towns in the Northeast, will count their ballots by hand. In some areas, voters use a computer to mark their ballots electronically and then get a printout of their choices that they insert into a scanner for counting. In other cases, the ballot is cast electronically, and a paper record is printed that summarizes the votes cast. That record is then available if a hand-count is needed. Are voting machines connected to the internet? With a few exceptions, no. There are some jurisdictions in a few states that allow for ballot scanners in polling locations to transmit unofficial results, using a mobile private network, after voting has ended on Election Day and the memory cards containing the vote tallies have been removed. Election officials who allow this say it provides for faster reporting of unofficial election results on election night. They say the paper records of the ballots cast are used to authenticate the results during postelection reviews, and that those records would be crucial to a recount if one was needed. Computer security experts have said this is an unnecessary risk and should be prohibited. Local Systems Putnam, Dutchess and all other New York counties use hand-marked paper ballots that are read by a Dominion-made optical scanners called ImageCast Precinct. These have been used in elections since 2010. To collect signatures at the polls, Putnam uses electronic devices called Precinct Central made by Tenex, while Dutchess uses devices called Poll Pad made by KnowInc. Both have been in place since 2020. Putnam County Registered Voters: 69,930 Precincts: 86 Polling P...

Dr. Lindsey Hughey // #ClinicalTuesday // www.ptonice.com  In today's episode of the PT on ICE Daily Show, Extremity Division leader Lindsey Hughey discusses the role & function of tendons in the body, traditional rehabilitation approaches to treating tendinopathy, as well as a new procedure called TENEX for tendinopathy management. Take a listen to the episode or check out the full show notes on our blog at www.ptonice.com/blog. If you're looking to learn more about our Extremity Management course or our online physical therapy courses, check our entire list of continuing education courses for physical therapy including our physical therapy certifications by checking out our website. Don't forget about all of our FREE eBooks, prebuilt workshops, free CEUs, and other physical therapy continuing education on our Resources tab. EPISODE TRANSCRIPTION LINDSEY HUGHEYMorning PT on ICE Daily Show. How's it going? Welcome to Clinical Tuesday. I am Dr. Lindsey Hugey and I will be your host today and we're going to chat all things TENEX and TENEX care specifically for our tendons. So I'll chat with you a little bit about what it is, what the procedure proposes to do and kind of what we're seeing in regards to its effects So the title officially today is, does TENEX get a 10 for tendinopathy care? So let's dive right in. And I do want to say, spoiler alert, it does not get a 10 for tendinopathy treatment. So first, before we dive into what is TENEX, Let's just chat about in general what tendons need to heal as a little reminder to kind of set the stage. And if you've been to our extremity management course, this will just really be a review. TENDON FUNCTION But our tendons in their most basic function, they connect muscle to bone. They are to act like a spring and they are to be mechanoresponsive, right? To take on load, transmit force up and down and across. they are responsible for speed and acceleration, they need to take on compression and friction. As soon as we spike loads quickly or dramatically deload activity, we will see changes in capacity of not only that tendon, for better or for worse, but also in the structures they're attached to. So consider the muscle, local muscle, and then that bone. So not just the tendon will either gain and be challenged by spikes in load and or will reduce, right, if you dramatically deload. So come to our course if you want to, extremity management, want to learn even more about that, but that's kind of tendon basics. For those that have treated tendinopathy and are in the outpatient space, folks that do a lot of repetitive action or athletes often get tendinopathy at some point in their life. And this results in pain. It can result in sickening and swelling at that tendon, but really it's decreased performance, whether it's in their job that they need to do and or their sport participation. And a lot of folks think this is just going to go away on its own. And they'll try conservative measures, whether it's they've looked it up on Dr. Google or they've consulted their doc. And I want to set the stage of what's really being told for conservative management of our attendants. It's rest, it is NSAIDs, injections, surgery, PRP, stem cell, shockwave therapy, and then physical therapy is on there as well, but we know there's a lot of treatment variation in our profession in regards to building the capacity of that tendon. WHAT IS TENEX? Now on this list for conservative management is TENEX. So I kind of want to set the stage. We now know what kind of tendon function, what will challenge a tendon, and now we know what is really recommended for tendinopathy care. We tend to see, because of this treatment variation as well, right, from rests to anti-inflammatories to surgery and physical therapy, somewhere in between, we see people, and then some folks just not getting care at all, going on to chronicity. telling their docs that, you know, this is hanging on for more than three to six months. I'm not getting better. My performance is lessening. I'm having difficulty at work. And so TENEX was developed. And so we're gonna dive into the treatment. Is this helpful for tendinopathy? So TENEX , T-E-N-E-X, for those listening, is prescribed for those recalcitrant cases that aren't responding from that list we just reviewed. What it was developed in Lake Forest, California by TENEX Health System in collaboration with Mayo Clinic. And what it is, is it's ultrasound guided percutaneous needle tenotomy. It's a mouthful. And what they do is they use a needle, a small incision is made with this specialized device called TENEX, the device is inserted, it delivers ultrasonic energy to the damaged tendon tissue, and it emulsifies that damaged tissue into a soft liquid form, and then that's removed through the same incision. Basically, using oscillations in high frequency to debride and aspirate the diseased tendon, all guided under ultrasound image. The rationale for TENEX, is that it is minimally invasive for those that have been struggling for three to six months to even a year. It's minimally invasive as stated, but they're not going to have a ton of a recovery period. They'll get back to their activities. There is like a very wide variation here, but they'll say anywhere from three weeks to 12 weeks. The goal and kind of the underlying theory of why does TENEX work is that it is stimulating the body's natural healing process. And ultimately that helps restore tendon function. That's what the kind of the proposition is. And then they keep selling that it's minimally invasive and it's shorter recovery than like your typical surgeries that they'll do for tendinopathies. with the cell, they usually will sell the shorter time of two to three weeks back to your sport, back to work without any issue. DOES TENEX WORK? And so what are patients saying about this? So patients, when we look at systematic review level studies, and there's more than a handful of these, we are seeing these patients reporting reduced pain, reporting improved function, returning to their sport, And what's interesting is they're seeing even at a year-end, three-year mark, these patients still reporting improvement in combination with these TENEX procedures. And so we kind of have to take a pause about our biases because here at ICE, you know, and if you've been to our course, we really believe load is our love language for tendon care. And that's really the only way to remodel that tendon is high tensile loads. And so what should we be thinking and advising our patients on, knowing that this procedure exists, it's existed since 2010, knowing that even in the last five years, we've gained some systematic review studies in various areas of rotator cuff, Achilles tendinopathy, gluteal tendinopathy, our lateral elbow tendinopathies, all of these areas are showing evidence of improved pain and function. But there's a lot of unknowns, right? So like, what do we tell our patients? Because they're going to ask, especially if they're kind of looking for that quick fix, and maybe they just started out of care with you as well. Well, I think we have to be honest that we don't actually know a lot of long term data. in combination with physical therapy. So you'll see that often after this procedure, they are recommended physical therapy. So what we don't know is the differentiator yet. Is it physical therapy that is actually helping or is it that TENEX? In addition, that bias that I told you about that I want to share is that you still have to restore capacity to surrounding tissue. So even if you clear out this like dead tissue right this tissue that is specific or excuse me that's been linked to possibly being painful for this patient you still have to lay down new fibers in that tendon, you still have to challenge the local muscle, you still have to help that bone health and so all that doesn't go away. My bias here is going to be that physical therapy when done very well should prevent this TENEX from ever having to happen because we should be able to right away respect that irritability of the patient dampen their pain symptoms right whether they have some degenerative tendon on board or not we might not know but if you respect irritability and then gradually load that person load that local tendon load that local muscle challenge the chain and then as that goes well then start to add in some energy storage where the patient has to take on compression and friction and spring-like movements, we don't have to get to these invasive procedures. But it's that variation in our practice and the things that are just readily recommended on the internet and from docs, which is RESS and NSAIDs and getting stem cells or PRP, these like quick fixes, quick fixes that never really address the underlying problem. So while TENEX, I think there are some promising results and we really have to acknowledge that. I'm going to give it a 5 out of 10 because we do see in those people that are getting TENEX that they have improved pain and function consistently. Only giving it a 5 because We have an opportunity here that TENEX is not the answer, right? We see folks on the other side of that TENEX. It's not TENEX giving the 10 out of 10 pain free, right? Or 10 out of 10 function. It is really in that conjunction of getting the tendon capacity back up. So thank you for kind of going on this little journey with me about TENEX. It's been a question that's been popping up on weekends, you know, what do we think about TENEX and what do we tell our patients? What I'm going to say overall in concluding this is that those suffering from chronic tendinopathy, they may have their mind set that this is what they want to do. Know that you can partner with them. before that and after. Like you are going to be a part of their care no matter what to build up that capacity. You can educate in that way and let them know and I can attach them if you're interested that there are systematic reviews showing promise with this. know that as Dr. Justin Dunaway says, beliefs and expectations are the foundations on which outcomes are built. So if the patient believes TENEX is going to help, it is going to help with pain and function. If they believe physical therapy is going to help, it's going to help. And if in conjunction together, they believe it's going to help, it's going to help. So we really have to have a biopsychosocial approach to this too, not just the facts about the procedure and what TENEX is resulting in on a systematic review level. What really matters is what does the patient believe that's going to help and what's going to get their tendon ultimately more healthy. SUMMARY I appreciate you joining me to chat a little bit about something that's a little outside of the scope of our normal weekend. And if you want to learn more about the tendon continuum, the complex pathophysiology that's happening, we take a deep dive over an hour long lecture on day two of our course that dives into all the latest literature on tendinopathy. our upcoming opportunities to do that and join us. We have two, August 24th and 25th. I'll be in Bismarck, North Dakota, and Cody will be in Greenville, South Carolina. We would love you to join one of us, right opposite ends of the spectrum. And then the next opportunity will be September 14th, 15th in Denver, Colorado. So join us on the road if you can. Thanks for chatting with me a little bit about 10X today. Have a happy Tuesday, everyone. OUTROHey, thanks for tuning in to the PT on Ice daily show. If you enjoyed this content, head on over to iTunes and leave us a review and be sure to check us out on Facebook and Instagram at the Institute of Clinical Excellence. If you're interested in getting plugged into more ice content on a weekly basis while earning CUs from home, check out our virtual ice online mentorship program at ptonice.com. While you're there, sign up for our Hump Day Hustling newsletter for a free email every Wednesday morning with our top five research articles and social media posts that we think are worth reading. Head over to ptonice.com and scroll to the bottom of the page to sign up.

SD254 - Receita recorrente para clínicas. Neste podcast, Dr. Lorenzo Tomé recebe Felipe Bagetti, CEO na Tenex, apresentando um modelo de negócio que permite crescimento de 10x e ele nos conta como com fidelização do paciente, previsibilidade e recorrência de receita. A Tenex é uma empresa que oferece uma proposta de modelo escalável para clínicas com a implantação de planos de assinatura em saúde. Participe das nossas comunidades médicas! Para web, acesse AQUI. Baixe nosso app: Android ou IOS Neste episódio, o que você vai encontrar: O Background do Luiz Felipe Ele se formou em Engenharia da Computação, mas na família há muitos médicos e profissionais da saúde. Quando ele começou a empreender, não quis focar em saúde, mas os anos se passaram e hoje ele é focado 100% na área. Comunidade On-line Saúde Digital Podcast Você é médico? Quer interagir com o Lorenzo Tomé e com outros colegas inovadores da medicina digital?  Entre na Comunidade do Podcast Saúde Digital na SD Conecta! Assista este episódio também em vídeo no YouTube no nosso canal Saúde Digital Ecossistema! ACESSE AQUI!   Episódios Anteriores - Acesse! SD253 - Novas habilidades para impulsionar a carreira SD252 - Agenda inteligente para redução do absenteísmo SD251 - Consultório médico pay per use Music by Dmitrii Kolesnikov from Pixabay

Tune into the latest *Wicked Energy with JG* episode for an insightful discussion on sand control in oil and gas wells. This pressing issue, costing the industry substantially, is tackled with innovative solutions, including a novel technology that reactivates dormant wells and promises impressive returns. We delve into how these methods are tailored to different well types, focusing on strategic placement and cooperative efforts with operators. The episode then shifts to explore how the pandemic has altered operator perspectives, fostering a preference for sustainable, cost-effective approaches. In the ever-evolving energy market, relevance hinges on continual customer engagement and developing technologies shaped by user feedback. We emphasize the value of a consultative sales approach, blending technical know-how, inquisitiveness, and customer insight. Beyond industry talk, we delve into personal realms, discussing parenting challenges, future generations' potential, and cultural celebrations like Diwali. Our business analysis intertwines with narratives of personal development, accountability, and passion cultivation. We also ponder talent acquisition and retention, considering the significance of cultural alignment and timing in creating effective teams. Join us as we explore the intersection of innovation, support, and collaboration in the oil and gas sector, not just focusing on technological advances but also the human dynamics driving progress. Linked: https://www.linkedin.com/in/miguel-pe%C3%B1a-3160b91/ Website: www.pumpmoreoil.com Show Sponsors TenEx Technologies TenEx Technologies is a leading provider of nanotechnology-based products for the oil & gas industry. Their products are designed to improve the production of oil and gas wells, and they have been shown to be effective in a variety of field applications. Some of their key products include: NanoCLEAR: Tailored nanofluids to improve production of new completions and existing wells MicroHOLD: Cost-Effective Microparticle Slurry designed to improve frac efficiency and well production NoHIT: Innovative frac hit mitigation technology via in situ pressurization reaction SandBOND: Sand consolidation chemical solution CeraFLO: Greener, cost-effective proprietary blends to eliminate paraffin issues Website: https://www.tenextechnologies.com/ LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/tenextechnologies/ InflowControl InflowControl is a tech firm specializing in enhancing oil production efficiency and minimizing environmental harm through their Autonomous Inflow Control Valve (AICV®). The technology boosts profitability in mature oil fields by filtering out undesired gas and water, allowing previously overlooked zones to contribute to production. This results in both higher profitability and Lower Carbon Oil for stakeholders. For more information, visit the links below: Website: www.inflowcontrol.no LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/inflowcontrol-as/ YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCqdgIooQhYtUBo-auUlYw-Q

On this episode of the podcast, I cover guanfacine pharmacology, adverse effects, drug interactions, and much more. Guanfacine is a central acting alpha-2 agonist that has the brand names of Tenex and Intuniv. Because of guanfacine's mechanism of action, it suppresses the sympathetic response leading to a drop in pulse and blood pressure. It is important to remind patients that the onset of action is slow in the management of ADHD with guanfacine. I discuss this further in this podcast episode.

Today were welcoming to the podcast, Ryan Kennedy. Ryan Kennedy is a fitness and health expert. He discusses the importance that health plays for entrepreneurs and shares his personal journey that led him to holistic health and wellness. Today we sit down to talk about topics including supplements, gut health, sleep, intermittent fasting, and different diets. Ryan talks about his training approach, recommends whole foods, cautions against strict vegan diets, and suggests specific supplementation. ______

In this enlightening episode of "Wicked Energy with JG", host Justin covers an extensive range of topics in the oil and gas industry. The episode, sponsored by TenEx Technologies, delves into the innovative solutions changing the face of the sector, with a special spotlight on TenEx's groundbreaking technologies, Microhold and Sandbond. Justin explores the high rate of M&A activity, rig dynamics, and the emerging shift between public and private operators. The current oil prices, inflationary costs, and their potential impact on the rig count also come under scrutiny. With particular focus on the rig count by basin, the episode delves into the challenges of maintaining production levels amidst declining rig and DUC counts. This episode reveals that the US is witnessing an all-time high in oil production, hinting at the promise of further growth from offshore markets. Listen in to learn about the crucial role of LNG exports and Mexico's consumption of excess Permian gas. Justin provides insightful commentary on factors such as Federal Reserve actions, China's monetary policy, and OPEC's decisions that shape oil prices. Discover the EIA's short-term energy outlook and understand the potential risk of global undersupply of oil. The consistent drawdown from the Strategic Petroleum Reserve and the increasing inventory at Cushing are given due attention. Justin also explores the projected decrease in global oil production in 2024, linking it to OPEC Plus and Saudi production cuts, while highlighting the potential growth driven by non-OPEC producers. This episode paints a detailed picture of oil consumption and price trends, predicting significant growth in consumption, led by non-OECD Asia, and potential oil price increase by 2024. It covers the status of gasoline and distillate inventories and forecasts a rise in natural gas prices by year's end. Wrapping up the discussion, Justin touches on inflation trends and the potential role of Federal interest rate cuts in stimulating oil demand. As a final note, Justin encourages listeners to start their own B2B podcasts, showcasing the multiple benefits they offer for branding, customer engagement, and networking. Tune in to this episode for a comprehensive understanding of the current and future states of the energy market. Show Sponsors TenEx Technologies TenEx Technologies is a leading provider of nanotechnology-based products for the oil & gas industry. Their products are designed to improve the production of oil and gas wells, and they have been shown to be effective in a variety of field applications. Key products include: NanoCLEAR: Tailored nanofluids to improve production of new completions and existing wells. MicroHOLD: Nanofluids that improve wettability and reduce friction in production tubing. NoHIT: Nanofluids that prevent sand production in wellbores. SandBOND: Nanofluids that improve the bonding of sand grains in wellbores. CeraFLO: Nanofluids that improve the flow of oil and gas in pipelines. To find out more, click the links below! Website: https://www.tenextechnologies.com/ LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/tenextechnologies/

PART 2 WITH DR. AMBER MACFARLANE, DO | SEASON 4, EPISODE 11 Part 2 with Dr. Amber MacFarlane, DO discusses Tenex and TenJet procedures for the treatment of tendinopathies and scar tissue removal. In this episode, we cover: What Osteopathic manual therapy is and why Dr.MacFarlane chooses to use it in her practice. What Tenex and TenJet are and how they work. What the differences between Tenex and TenJet are. How ultrasound is used for imagining with Tenex and Tenjet. What the recovery and rehab process looks like after a Tenex or TenJet procedure. The success outcomes of Tenex and TenJet procedures are. What managing tendinopathies and tendonitis looks like in the weight room with Rob Rabena. Who the best candidates for these procedures are. What kind of person is most at risk for tendonitis and tendinopathy. The fast five: What's Dr.MacFarlane's favorite thing about being on the sideline? What the greatest height Dr.MacFarlane ever pole vaulted? What testing is Dr.MacFarlane uses on the sideline when she suspects a concussion? Who should not get their neck manipulated? What's one way we can get better at diagnosing concussions? Amber MacFarlane, DO, a native of Southampton, Pennsylvania is a Board-Certified Sports Medicine Physician and completed her residency and fellowship at Crozer Health. She earned her medical degree from the Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine after obtaining a degree in Biology from Widener University. She has been the team physician for the Philadelphia Union, Philadelphia Union 2, University of Delaware, Garnet Valley High School, Strath Haven High School, and Upper Darby High School. Dr. MacFarlane is a former Division III NCAA pole vaulter. She continues to be very active in weight lifting, running, and hiking. She lives in Bucks County, PA, with her husband.

Dr. Harper and Kaleh Knutson, CNP are back this week to discuss the Tenex. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Have you heard of tenex procedure? Dont worry you are not alone. We didnt know what it was and everyone we asked also didn't know. We go over this procedure that is being used before more invasive surgery and how it can apply to the Physical Therapy field.   Thank you so much for listening and it means a lot to us if you'd share our content with others! Check out our other platforms! Check us out!

How some tendon tears (focusing on Tennis Elbow & Golfer's Elbow) can be healed with minimally-invasive alternatives like PRP, Stem Cell Injections, Tenex, TenJet etc – And, in some milder damage cases, possibly without any medical interventions, at all.

With over 2.6 billion active users ad 4.6billion active accounts email has become a significant means of communication in the business, professional, academic, and personal worlds. Before email we had protocols that enabled us to send messages within small splinters of networks. Time Sharing systems like PLATO at the University of Champaign-Urbana, DTSS at Dartmouth College, BerkNet at the University of California Berkeley, and CTTS at MIT pioneered electronic communication. Private corporations like IBM launched VNET We could create files or send messages that were immediately transferred to other people. The universities that were experimenting with these messaging systems even used some of the words we use today. MIT's CTSS used the MAIL program to send messages. Glenda Schroeder from there documented that messages would be placed into a MAIL BOX in 1965. She had already been instrumental in implementing the MULTICS shell that would later evolve into the Unix shell. Users dialed into the IBM 7094 mainframe and communicated within that walled garden with other users of the system. That was made possible after Tom Van Vleck and Noel Morris picked up her documentation and turned it into reality, writing the program in MAD or the Michigan Algorithm Decoder. But each system was different and mail didn't flow between them. One issue was headers. These are the parts of a message that show what time the message was sent, who sent the message, a subject line, etc. Every team had different formats and requirements. The first attempt to formalize headers was made in RFC 561 by Abhay Bhutan and Ken Pogran from MIT, Jim White at Stanford, and Ray Tomlinson. Tomlinson was a programmer at Bolt Beranek and Newman. He defined the basic structure we use for email while working on a government-funded project at ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network) in 1971. While there, he wrote a tool called CYPNET to send various objects over a network, then ported that into the SNDMSG program used to send messages between users of their TENEX system so people could send messages to other computers. The structure he chose was Username@Computername because it just made sense to send a message to a user on the computer that user was at. We still use that structure today, although the hostname transitioned to a fully qualified domain name a bit later. Given that he wanted to route messages between multiple computers, he had a keen interest in making sure other computers could interpret messages once received. The concept of instantaneous communication between computer scientists led to huge productivity gains and new, innovative ideas. People could reach out to others they had never met and get quick responses. No more walking to the other side of a college campus. Some even communicated primarily through the computers, taking terminals with them when they went on the road. Email was really the first killer app on the networks that would some day become the Internet. People quickly embraced this new technology. By 1975 almost 75% of the ARPANET traffic was electronic mails, which provided the idea to send these electronic mails to users on other computers and networks. Most universities that were getting mail only had one or two computers connected to ARPANET. Terminals were spread around campuses and even smaller microcomputers in places. This was before the DNS (Domain Name Service), so the name of the computer was still just a hostname from the hosts file and users needed to know which computer and what the correct username was to send mail to one another. Elizabeth “Jake” Feinler had been maintaining a hosts file to keep track of computers on the growing network when her employer Stanford was just starting the NIC, or Network Information Center. Once the Internet was formed that NIC would be the foundation or the InterNIC who managed the buying and selling of domain names once Paul Mockapetris formalized DNS in 1983. At this point, the number of computers was increasing and not all accepted mail on behalf of an organization. The Internet Service Providers (ISPs) began to connect people across the world to the Internet during the 1980s and for many people, electronic mail was the first practical application they used on the internet. This was made easier by the fact that the research community had already struggled with email standards and in 1981 had defined how servers sent mail to one another using the Simple Mail Transfer Protocol, or SMTP, in RFC 788, updated in 1982 with 821 and 822. Still, the computers at networks like CSNET received email and users dialed into those computers to read the email they stored. Remembering the name of the computer to send mail to was still difficult. By 1986 we also got the concept routing mail in RFC 974 from Craig Partridge. Here we got the first MX record. Those are DNS records that define the computer that received mail for a given domain name. So stanford.edu had a single computer that accepted mail for the university. These became known as mail servers. As the use of mail grew and reliance on mail increased, some had multiple mail servers for fault tolerance, for different departments, or to split the load between servers. We also saw some split various messaging roles up. A mail transfer agent, or MTA, sent mail between different servers. The received field in the header is stamped with the time the server acting as the MTA got an email. MTAs mostly used port 25 to transfer mail until SSL was introduced when port 587 started to be used for encrypted connections. Bandwidth and time on these computers was expensive. There was a cost to make a phone call to dial into a mail provider and providers often charged by the minute. So people also wanted to store their mail offline and then dial in to send messages and receive messages. Close enough to instant communication. So software was created to manage email storage, which we call a mail client or more formally a Mail User Agent, or MUA. This would be programs like Microsoft Outlook and Apple Mail today or even a web mail client as with Gmail. POP, or Post Office Protocol was written to facilitate that transaction in 1984. Receive mail over POP and send over SMTP. POP evolved over the years with POPv3 coming along in 1993. At this point we just needed a username and the domain name to send someone a message. But the number of messages was exploding. As were the needs. Let's say a user needed to get their email on two different computers. POP mail needed to know to leave a copy of messages on servers. But then those messages all showed up as new on the next computer. So Mark Crispin developed IMAP, or Internet Message Access Protocol, in 1986, which left messages on the server and by IMAPv4 in the 1990s, was updated to the IMAPv4 we use today. Now mail clients had a few different options to use when accessing mail. Those previous RFCs focused on mail itself and the community could use tools like FTP to get files. But over time we also wanted to add attachments to emails so MIME, or Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions became a standard with RFC 1341 in 1993. Those mail and RFC standards would evolve over the years to add better support for encapsulations and internationalization. With the more widespread use of electronic mail, the words were shortened and to email and became common in everyday conversations. With the necessary standards, the next few years saw a number of private vendors jump on the internet bandwagon and invest in providing mail to customers America Online added email in 1993, Echomail came along in 1994, Hotmail added advertisements to messages, launching in 1996, and Yahoo added mail in 1997. All of the portals added mail within a few years. The age of email kicked into high gear in the late 1990s, reaching 55 million users in 1997 and 400 million by 1999. During this time having an email address went from a luxury or curiosity to a societal and business expectation, like having a phone might be today. We also started to rely on digital contacts and calendars, and companies like HP released Personal Information Managers, or PIMs. Some companies wanted to sync those the same way they did email, so Microsoft Exchange was launched in 1996. That original concept went all the way back to PLATO in the 1960s with Dave Wooley's PLATO NOTES and was Ray Ozzie's inspiration when he wrote the commercial product that became Lotus Notes in 1989. Microsoft inspired Google who in turn inspired Microsoft to take Exchange to the cloud with Outlook.com. It hadn't taken long after the concept of sending mail between computers was possible that we got spam. Then spam blockers and other technology to allow us to stay productive despite the thousands of messages from vendors desperately trying to sell us their goods through drip campaigns. We've even had legislation to limit the amount of spam, given that at one point over 9 out of 10 emails was spam. Diligent efforts have driven that number down to just shy of a third at this point. Email is now well over 40 years old and pretty much ubiquitous around the world. We've had other tools for instant messaging, messaging within every popular app, and group messaging products like bulletin boards online and now group instant messaging products like Slack and Microsoft Teams. We even have various forms of communication options integrated with one another. Like the ability to initiate a video call within Slack or Teams. Or the ability to toggle the Teams option when we send an invitation for a meeting in Outlook. Every few years there's a new communication medium that some think will replace email. And yet email is as critical to our workflows today as it ever was.

Miguel Peña is an entrepreneur and President & CEO of TenEx Technologies, a full-service laboratory, logistics, and service company focused on developing innovative chemical technologies that improve oil recovery. In this episode, host Mark Hinaman chats with Miguel about the company and his views on the energy industry as a whole. Show Notes: 00:30 Miguel's introduction to the oil & gas field and the genesis of TenEx Technologies 03:10 Business opportunity in the chemical space vs. frac sand space 06:45 Miguel's background as an entrepreneur 12:35 Buying and operating mines in Florida and Nebraska 22:20 Lessons learned about growing his mining business 24:30 Handling the Great Recession and the first price shocks from the shale revolution 30:35 The painful process of exiting the frac sand business 34:50 Developing a strategy to transition to TenEx 38:05 Technical discussion of the first TenEx product, NanoClear 45:00 Additional products in TenEx's catalog 49:45 Miguel's concerns for the energy industry; future goals and areas of focus for TenEx 53:25 Future goals and areas of focus for TenEx 55:05 Miguel's advice for young professionals in energy 62:15 Where Miguel sees the energy industry in the future Miguel's LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/miguel-pe%C3%B1a-3160b91/

Hey everybody, Sean Shalles founder at the Tenex real estate warrior nation. We're also considered the consumers' real estate coach. And I just want to reach out to you today. I had a great conversation while the guys that works with me and he asked a good question. He said, Hey, Sean, you know, we're prospecting our brains out. And you know, the results just aren't getting what they used to get. What's going on there. Are we, you know, or how long are we going to in this kind of a situation, do you think it's going to continue? What do you think? What is the deal? So, you know, I kind of explained to him and I said, you know, the misconception that the general public has right now is that the real estate market is flying. Interest rates are low and everything comes on. The market sells multiple offers. Well, yeah, it does because we're actually in the complete polar opposite of the economy that I was in when I was working in 2008 and 2009, I mean, 2008, 2009, what's happening. Then you got to realize like, you know you know, that is, that is now almost 12 years ago, 13 years ago, I'm 40 years old as opposed to 54. I walk into my office and in, you know, in the beginning of 2008, I had just opened my new office. I have one kid, one on the way I'm honestly making about 80,000, a hundred thousand dollars a month. And all of a sudden I wake up and against all the better judgment of all my mentors and all my coaches said, don't do it, don't do it. We knew we were going into a declining market. Had we known how bad? I mean, it was like the perfect storm in real estate. I mean, it was just, it was disgusting to be honest with you. So here's a true story, you know, and will put it in perspective for you. I open up my office. I'm excited as how we went from number 180 on the sheets as a new company to the next month we come out and we're number 90 on the sheets. And what are the sheets while the sheets back then, what they did was every month, the more the real estate association or the multiple listing service would send us out a report and they would fax it to us back then because they didn't email it. And it was about eight pages long. So I, or that it came out on the 15th of every month. So the first month I get it, I was really excited. I didn't even realize there was a report. And I was like, wow, look at us. You know, the next month that comes out, we're like a number we're like number 16, we go from number 90 to number 16. So within 90 days of opening our office, we went from 180 as a new office. And as the last guy in the lot to number 16, out of 180 companies, well, what I didn't realize was then, you know, all of a sudden it started to get closer to 2008 in September. I go in the office one day, I get the report, I call up the multiple listing sources and I go, dude, you know, I think there's something wrong with my fax machine. I'm missing the last page. And they go, what are you talking about? And I said, well, you know, usually there's eight pages on a hundred. Yeah, 80 companies. I said, this month, there's only 140 companies. There's only seven pinch. He goes, yeah, well, those other companies went broke, Sean. They're no longer in business. And that's when the reality set in that, Oh my God, this is no longer just a bunch of people talking because we kind of ignored the news. We just, we really didn't watch the news. We just put our head down and showed up everyday and do what we were supposed to do. And, you know, ironically enough, when we started to look around and started to see what was going on, I really got, I really took it. I was like, wow. In a very short period of time, my income went from 80,000 a month to $8,000 a month, literally overnight and six months. I watched the market tumble to go down 40 to 50% and the amount of sales in six months period. Click here: https://www.10xrealestatewarriorsnation.com/optin-463730121615049841755 (Get More Access to 10X Real Estate Warriors...

Interview with Dr. Jeremy Alland, Primary Care Physician and Sports Medicine Specialist at Midwest Orthopaedics at Rush, to discuss the importance of wearing a helmet while skiing and how to be aware of concussions.Interview with Jay Jacobson, the Global Director of Education at Optimum Nutrition, BSN, and Isopure. The difference between amino acid supplements vs protein powders and when they should be taken during the day.Ask the Doctor segment: Dr. Cole answers questions from listeners about Tenex procedure, runners knee, and activities that can be done after a knee replacement.

In this episode, Dr. Damien Dauphinee, a board-certified Foot and Ankle Surgeon, and Dr. Raafae Hussain, a fellowship trained Foot and Ankle Surgeon, discuss plantar fasciitis as the most common reason for heel pain. They talk about how pain originates in the heel area, the variety of treatments that exist to treat plantar fasciitis, and methods of prevention.   “It's not like a cold, it isn't gonna go away completely and you'll never have to deal with it again because it's a biomechanical problem, it's a structural support problem”-  Dr. Damien Dauphinee [45:19]   Top Takeaways: Learn about heel pain and what causes it Learn about plantar fasciitis as one of the most common causes of heel pain Learn about how plantar fasciitis occurs and the options available to treat it.   What You Will Learn: [00:39] Intro [02:30] How common is plantar fasciitis?  [03:43] Other causes of heel pain  [04:43] How does plantar fasciitis occur and why do people get it?  [08:49] The mechanics of stretching  [10:16] Recommended treatment protocol [16:17] Orthotics: what are they? And how are they a long term solution for heel pain? [20:29] Night splint for plantar fasciitis [22:06] Heel pain injection treatment [24:14] Physical therapy treatment [26:07] The effectiveness of extracorporeal shockwave therapy [28:18] Surgical options for treating plantar fasciitis  [32:19] Topaz Microdebridement treatment for plantar fasciitis [33:15] What is the Tenex procedure? [38:40] The MLS laser options for treating musculoskeletal pain [41:25] What is “stem cell therapy” for plantar fasciitis? [44:57] Prevention practices to fight plantar fasciitis   Resources: Visit our website: https://thepoddoctors.com/ Book Mentioned: Saving Limbs, Saving Lives: Advanced Treatments for Preventing Amputations in Diabetic Populations by Dr. Damien Dauphinee

Speed in Your 60s and the Fastest Mile That Didn’t Count: Dan King   Dan King is blistering fast at 61 years old. We’re talking world record breaking fast. He just broke the masters record in the mile for the 60-64 age group, running 4:49:08 to beat the 4:51:85 record set in 2012. But this amazing feat won’t count. Why? Listen in to find out.   Dan also talks about his surprisingly low-mileage training routine, how he incorporates a lot of cross training into his daily life, and his plant-based diet which he believes is key to his performance.    Despite being super fit, Dan has suffered a number of injuries, including plantar fasciitis that has plagued him for years. He talks about a procedure he had to alleviate his heel pain, and how he’s adapted his training and overall lifestyle to stay both fit and injury free.   Dan hails from Boulder, Colorado. At the University of Colorado-Boulder, he ran an impressive 5,000-meter PR of 14:34, but didn’t complete too much after graduation. After building a successful start-up company, he sold his business and retired in 2017.   As of this recording, Dan was preparing to run another mile race that would officially count as a world record if he repeated his August performance. Coach Claire will share Dan’s results at the end of the episode.    Dan is definitely proof that you can train well and be fast at any age, and that there isn’t a one-size-fits-all training plan that all runners must follow. Whether you’re a masters athlete or just aspiring to keep on running as you age, this one’s for you! Photo credit: Todd Straka Questions Dan is asked:   5:18 This past August, you ran 4:49:08 in the mile, which is faster than anyone in the world in the 60-64 year old age group.  Now, I understand that this may not count as an official world record on a technicality. Can you explain this?   7:16 There’s another race in South Carolina on October 17th that will be USATF certified, and that should count for the world record. And by the time this airs, you will have already raced it, but hopefully you’ll get your official time at that one, right?   8:04 Can you tell us about the race and your strategy?   9:59 You've been a runner a long time. You ran for the University of Colorado in college.  But you were not a miler back then, right? What made you decide to specialize in the mile now?   12:43 I would love to talk about your training. Your training is a little unusual for somebody at your level I would think. Can you talk about what a normal week looks like for you?   14:49 You’re missing a big element that most runners think is incredibly important, and that’s the long run. So no long run for you?   15:55 You’re not running a ton of miles or pounding a lot by running over and over again, but you’re spending hours and hours on your off days of running doing something aerobic. So you’re still building that aerobic engine, just not running all the time.   17:18 You have no rest days?   17:27 About 25 miles a week is all you put in for running?   17:52 I would like to go a little bit deeper into your injuries, and especially the plantar fasciitis. You had what’s called a Tenex procedure for that. Can you talk about that?   19:42 What was the recovery from the Tenex procedure like?   20:29 What is the eccentric calf-raise exercise?   21:13 Let's talk about diet and nutrition.  Like me, you are 100% plant based.  Can you tell us how you decided to become plant based, and what the benefits have been for you?   23:30 You’re plant based, which is not always the same thing as being a vegan. Is that correct?   24:30 What do you eat and where do you get your protein?   26:29 What are your favorite things to eat before a workout or after a workout?   28:19 I’d love to know what lessons have you learned being a Masters athlete that maybe you didn’t have to think about so much when you were younger?   30:17 What do you do for mobility and strength and stretching? How do you fit that into your routine?   31:12 After the race on October 17th, what’s next for you?   Questions I ask everyone:    32:54 If you could go back and talk to yourself when you started running, what advice would you give?   34:23 What is the greatest gift running has given you?   35:20 Where can listeners connect with you? Quotes by Dan:   “I was still under a five-minute mile equivalent, and that was when I was 56. And so it just sort of put a goal in the back of my head that when I turn 60, I want to see if I can still run a five-minute mile.”   “When I turned 40, I just redefined myself as an endurance athlete, not as a runner, and I haven’t not been fit since I’ve been 40.”   “I have gotten really consistent this year in terms of doing electrolytes post-workout. I feel like a lot of the injuries I get as a Masters athlete are because I get more easily dehydrated than I used to.”   Want more awesome interviews and advice? Subscribe to our iTunes channel Mentioned in this podcast:   Younger Next Year The China Study Skratch Labs Nuun World Masters Athletics   News Article - Dan King's Second Try at Official M60 Mile “... was more than 4 seconds off his August mark of 4:49 at a meet in the same city. It barely missed the listed M60 American record of 4:53.01 by Nolan Shaheed in 2012.”   Runners Connect Winner's Circle Facebook Community RunnersConnect Facebook page claire@runnersconnect.net Follow Dan on:   Instagram Twitter We really hope you’ve enjoyed this episode of Run to the Top. The best way you can show your support of the show is to share this podcast with your family and friends and share it on your Facebook, Twitter, or any other social media channel you use. The more people who know about the podcast and download the episodes, the more I can reach out to and get top running influencers, to bring them on and share their advice, which hopefully makes the show even more enjoyable for you!  

I've been avoiding talking about endowment policies, because what even are they? I haven't come across one in my own investment life. This week, a question from Sandile sent me down the endowment road. I had fun with it. I got the Tax Elves involved. They had fun with it. Fun was had by all. Endowments are the love child of insurance and investments. They have a five-year lock-in period, a tax rate of 30%, a life assured and a beneficiary. If you are in a higher tax bracket and looking for a long-term investment vehicle, endowments are worth investigating. They can also play a role in estate planning. It pays out directly to the beneficiary, which is great if you are leaving someone behind who is financially dependent on you. As De Wet de Villiers pointed out, the fact that they pay out tax-free doesn't mean they're not taxed in the estate. It simply means the estate is liable for the tax, not the beneficiary.  In addition to teaching me a thing or two about endowments, Sandile's question could serve as a template if you're hoping to add new holdings to your portfolio. His clear reasoning and systematic approach to adding this investment is worthy of emulation. Subscribe to our RSS feed here. Subscribe or rate us in iTunes. Win of the week: Pru I've tried to break up with my advisor for the last year, but it has been difficult! Everytime I say to him, we need to talk and I want to move my investments, he takes me out on a nice date, listens to me and then goes on to scare me into staying with him. He tells me EasyEquities is not the right platform for me and I should be careful of companies like 10X. It does not help that he also butters me up and tells me how great I am, while also telling me about his life, so I end up feeling I can't leave him because he confides in me. My people-pleasing self feels bad for wanting to break up with him. It's the perfect emotionally manipulative relationship and I JUST CAN'T LEAVE!  How does one amicably break up with their financial advisor? More importantly, how do you leave them when you have a fear of managing your money independently?  I have listened to your podcast, and some episodes more than once. I read Sam Beckbessinger's book and Vicki Robin's book called Your Money or Your Life. I aspire to be a Patrick Mckay and I have a financial strategy to reach FIRE, but my greatest hurdle is letting my financial advisor go and trusting myself that I can manage my investments myself.  When he is not around I feel as though I can manage my money independently and I do not need him, but after meeting with him, I leave with a great sense of fear about moving my TFSA from Sanlam to Easy and moving my RA from Discovery to TenEx or Outvest. All the financial aspects that do not involve him I have managed relatively well, like my emergency fund. I know I can manage my money, I just fear that if I move my investments to the "big bad world of ETFs" (which is how he makes it sound), I will lose everything! I know he may be playing Jedi mind tricks on me, but how do I stop myself from being tricked! Also, he is not a bad person, he is a very nice guy, but I think this is part of my problem, I am making this whole relationship too personal! I feel defeated!  Sandile I stumbled on this product by Sygnia where you can get direct exposure to Berkshire Hathaway.   Here is why I'm looking into buying into this fund: I believe that Berkshire is going to have ample opportunity to buy really decent businesses at decent prices as Covid continues to decimate some much needed industries.  I believe Berkshire is one of those great businesses that one can buy at a decent price, thanks to Covid; I bought a few units in late Jan through EasyEquities and the costs to transfer funds and transact in USD was rather hefty, so I think I'll leave that to a local fund to handle that; I have looked at the S&P500 (which I hold) and in my view, the Berkshire allocation there is rather small and I'd like more exposure; Sygnia offers this fund for “discretionary savings into a 5-year endowment, a retirement annuity or a living annuity”. I would like to avoid setting up an RA with yet another service provider at the moment and I have no need for a living annuity, which leaves me with the endowment fund option. From the little that I could read up on endowment funds: I am fairly comfortable with the idea of leaving the cash invested for at least five years (if not more); My marginal income tax rate exceeds 41% so at 30% tax, the fund is saving me some element of tax; I have set up an emergency fund (around 6 months' salary) so I think the risk of cancelling the endowment before 5 years is low; TFSA has been maxed for 2021 year of assessment. I contribute far less than the allowed 27.5% into my RA (I am busy assessing contributing into an RA vs increasing my employer-pension fund contributions); I am just uncertain if I'm opening myself up to more unknown risks/complications/costs by using this structure. Kimberley  I am a shareholder for a company who has moved operations to Mauritius. If our company is lucky enough to declare dividends, this will now be paid in USD.  How does this affect my tax?   Is there a way I can get it in ZAR without losing so much to tax or is it better I keep it offshore ?  I like the idea of keeping it offshore for emergencies or as a “life insurance” for me when I pass away to leave to my daughter. Is this possible with only holding a SA passport?   Perhaps I could open an offshore trust and list her as the beneficiary and the dividends get paid into that?  Could I open a USD trading account on EE and get the dividends paid directly to that?  Is what I'm wanting to do by not bringing it into SA even legal?     I feel there are not enough bubbles, chuckles, coffee and chai tea to get me through the questions I have and the changes I need to implement to get my financial ducks in a row.  Right now these ducks have ADHD and when they seem to be in a row, they decide to go off on a fucking tangent.   Anton  I inherited a farm in 1994 and sold it in 2019. I have the value of it when I got it and when I sold it. I did not get a valuation in 2001 when CGT started. I would like to know how to work out the CGT on this transaction.  Download the calculator here.   Moore I am 27 and have a pension/provident plan with my employer. I would like to have an RA for a top up. I would also like to invest in shares. I don't know how to go about doing any of those. I have an EasyEquities account but I don't really know which shares to target, and for which amount every month. I have a R1000 that I can divide for those two financial goals. With that amount of money and my age, I am not even sure if that will be enough to contribute. I've only been exposed recently to this saving and investing movement. I was so ignorant.  Thanks to the Fat wallet Community on Facebook I have managed to put some savings for Emergencies with Tyme bank. Catherine I've tried the Interactive Brokers demo account and find it a little intimidating. I don't know what options or margins are, and I don't want to enact them by mistake by clicking the wrong button. I also imagine their customer service is not catered for noobs like me. Having said that, the platform is becoming less intimidating the more I play with the demo account. Another option is to buy the shares through a Standard Bank Webtrader account, which has broker fees of 0.345% and annual account fees of 0.26%, and then transfer the amount across to my EasyEquities USD account to avoid paying ongoing annual fees. Do you have any thoughts on each of these options, considering that my goal is to pay the lowest fees possible over the next 20 years, but also have a relatively user-friendly experience.  I don't have a credit card. The only time this has ever been a problem is when a hotel or car rental company requires a credit card for a booking or deposit. It is pretty frustrating being at an airport and unable to rent a car. And are there any ways to get around this booking/deposit problem without having a credit card? And do you know of any reasons to have a credit card aside from this (assuming I don't need the credit)? Are credit cards generally better than debit cards for general spending while travelling? Melisha I have two kids in grade 4 and grade 0. I usually save up the school fee money to pay once off and get a 5% discount in December of the previous year. I anticipate a 10% increase in school fees. So essentially I need to save R20k a month for both kids' school fees for the 2021 school year. We usually put the money into a savings account but now the interest rates are so low. At the moment the money is in a Tyme bank account goal save but i was wondering if there was something better out there? Something with low risk, short term and potentially to beat money market type accounts.  Our friend Walter made a site called Rate Compare https://www.ratecompare.co.za/.  Tristan Lately I have been seeing ads on YouTube for a financial service app called Franc. It has 4 stars on the Google Play Store but I was wondering if you had heard of it, seen it or tried it? Lastly, can we trust Franc? Ken  What is all the hype over Mexem Africa about? I have gone to their website but, quite frankly, it looks like a scamsters website (although I thought the same about Easy Equities' website too, before I started using it).  I don't see any info on tax free accounts, and they mention all sorts of foreign currencies but not much about how you convert your rands to Dollars/Euros/etc...  The little section on fees is as clear as mud.  As an ETF investor (tax free and discretionary) should I be looking into it in a bit more detail? Would really appreciate a chat between you and Simon on this. Brian I've been with etfSA since 2012. I am busy updating my etf portfolio and want to know if I should shift some funds or all to Easy Equities. I've already bought MSCI China through my Easy Equities account that I registered a few weeks ago. What is your suggestion? 

In this episode, Justin sits down with Miguel Pena, President at TenEx Technologies, LLC to discuss today's completion market and how TenEx is helping operators with enhanced production technologies. Miguel also talks about how him and his son are both passionate about EDM music and how we planned a trip to go see his son once gets residency in Vegas!  Before we get going I want to highlight some neat technology provided by our new sponsor. TechnipFMC has been providing high-pressure flexibles to the energy industry since 1979. They are delighted to introduce their SAFlex™ onshore flexible portfolio to enhance completion projects economics. As part of their Surface Technologies integrated systems, SAFlex™ leads to 80% fewer connections and 50% fewer components, ultimately lowering rig up time by 50% and transforming the #energy industry  To learn more, : https://lnkd.in/gze9ayd            Leave a Review Enjoy listening? Support the show by leaving a review in iTunes. Street Team If you're interested in joining the street team, join our Facebook Group here. HACK n WHACK Anyone out there in the Houston area interested in playing oilfield hockey? Come join the hack n whack crew for some old timer hockey. We do it every two weeks at Memorial City Mall ice rink. Hit me up on Linkedin for more details. KTX Fit  If you're looking to get in shape over the winter, visit KTX Fit in Katy, Texas and get a free trial by telling one of the coaches that I sent you! Interested in Sponsoring??  If you would like to get your company in front of our  professional audience, please contact our Director, Kathryn Mills More Oil and Gas Global Network Podcasts Oil and Gas This Week Podcast | Oil and Gas HS&E Podcast | Oil and Gas Industry Leaders | Oil and Gas Legal Risk | Oil and Gas Onshore | Oil and Gas Offshore | PITCH Engage with Oil and Gas Global Network LinkedIn Group | Facebook | modalpoint | OGGN Connect with Justin Gautier LinkedIn | E-Mail | Oil and Gas Global Network

In this episode, Justin sits down with Miguel Pena, President at TenEx Technologies, LLC to discuss today's completion market and how TenEx is helping operators with enhanced production technologies. Miguel also talks about how him and his son are both passionate about EDM music and how we planned a trip to go see his son once gets residency in Vegas!  Before we get going I want to highlight some neat technology provided by our new sponsor. TechnipFMC has been providing high-pressure flexibles to the energy industry since 1979. They are delighted to introduce their SAFlex™ onshore flexible portfolio to enhance completion projects economics. As part of their Surface Technologies integrated systems, SAFlex™ leads to 80% fewer connections and 50% fewer components, ultimately lowering rig up time by 50% and transforming the #energy industry  To learn more, : https://lnkd.in/gze9ayd            Leave a Review Enjoy listening? Support the show by leaving a review in iTunes. Street Team If you're interested in joining the street team, join our Facebook Group here. HACK n WHACK Anyone out there in the Houston area interested in playing oilfield hockey? Come join the hack n whack crew for some old timer hockey. We do it every two weeks at Memorial City Mall ice rink. Hit me up on Linkedin for more details. KTX Fit  If you're looking to get in shape over the winter, visit KTX Fit in Katy, Texas and get a free trial by telling one of the coaches that I sent you! Interested in Sponsoring??  If you would like to get your company in front of our  professional audience, please contact our Director, Kathryn Mills More Oil and Gas Global Network Podcasts Oil and Gas This Week Podcast | Oil and Gas HS&E Podcast | Oil and Gas Industry Leaders | Oil and Gas Legal Risk | Oil and Gas Onshore | Oil and Gas Offshore | PITCH Engage with Oil and Gas Global Network LinkedIn Group | Facebook | modalpoint | OGGN Connect with Justin Gautier LinkedIn | E-Mail | Oil and Gas Global Network

Dr. Clark Holmes is a board certified sports medicine physician and owner of Impact Sports Medicine and Orthopedics here in Nashville. He has a wealth of knowledge and is an expert in his field, especially as is relates to orthobiologic injections and non operative management of injuries. In todays episode Dr. Holmes and I discuss why cortisone injections, while sometimes indicated, can be detrimental to a joint and not always the best option for managing an injury. We also discuss a minimal invasive procedure called Tenex which is used to treat tendon issues especially tennis elbow. You can learn more about Dr. Holmes' practice at Impactsportsnashville.com or on instagram @impactsportsmedicine

We had the opportunity to sit down with Miguel Peña, President, TenEx Technologies. In 2006, they acquired mines for real estate development, in the process founded a frac sand mine and pivoted when they saw an opportunity to service the O&G industry. They later started the technology company to bring more value to their oil field sand clients with a more diversified product offering. Their first client was a wild success with over 150 wells using the solutions. Key Takeaways: Oilfield companies  need to lower the  impact to the environment. Investors and consumers are no longer complaisant about ESG. Experts are more important as corporations are unable to maintain their employees FTE, and must rely on technology. Improving the parent/child relationship is critical in saving depletion rates and reducing additional drilling.

Today we're going to be talking about the five steps to become an entrepreneur. Step number one is to understand, you have to first understand what a job is and what an entrepreneur is. So let's just say that you make $1,000 a week. You feel that's pretty good, but if you think about it, the business that you're working for has to be able to make money off the work that you're doing and they're only paying you $1,000 out of all the money that you're making, which means no matter what you're doing at your job, you're cutting yourself short and you're not fully going for your true potential and a watch your worth. Now the more you think about what a job is as oppose to being an entrepreneur or becoming an entrepreneur, a job is supposedly safety, you know, or stability when the truth is the only stability is to be an entrepreneur and to be a successful entrepreneur.   Because you might have a great spot in a position at a place that is okay, but the business could fire you at any moment and replace you. So there really is no stability. There are skills, but if you were to take yourself and build a business that makes money, then you will be in control of your income and in control of your stability and you'll be able to create something beautiful that has no ceilings. You'll be able to make your dreams come true as an entrepreneur. But first you have to understand what a job is and learn to kind of go the opposite direction of that because you don't want to cut yourself short. You don't want to belittle yourself. You want to have the confidence to carry your dreams to fruition. Okay? The next step in becoming an entrepreneur is you have to learn how to ask better questions, all right?   You have to ask yourself, why do you want to be an entrepreneur? Okay? If you want to become an entrepreneur just because you don't like your job, then you're not going to be fulfilled. But if you want to become an entrepreneur because it has something to do with a passion of yours and you want to get away from having a job that just has a certainty of a paycheck, then you're going to be able to be successful and you're going to be to be able to live your life, creating passion around your business and your income, and you're going to be motivated and fascinated and passionate about what you do. And that's when you can start to find people to write you the big checks, you know? Because if, if somebody's neat, if you were looking to hire someone, would you rather hire, hire someone who you're certain might be able to do the job but might not do very good, or would you like to hire the person who's passionate, motivated, dedicated, and fascinated about making it better?   And who is a free thinker and who isn't just there to get a paycheck? You know, people really want that type of person, but they settle for hiring people that are just there for a paycheck and just just come to work because they have to because they don't know what to do. So you have to learn to ask better questions. If you're going to become an entrepreneur, you have to ask yourself, what am I passionate about? What if, what is something that I could do for the rest of my life that would keep me fascinated and motivated and what is the most productive and enjoyable and profitable activity that I can bring to the market and that I can do for my customers to make them happy. So ask better questions. To become an entrepreneur. You know, you have to ask yourself, what would it look like if I started this business that did this?   And then if you can visualize it and take action on it and it's something that you will be passionate and motivated and persistent on, then nothing can stop you. That's the beauty of being an entrepreneur is if you just get the train going in the right direction and you know how to stay on track, stay focused, ask the right questions, be creative and adaptable, then nothing can stop you. You know, not a market, not a boss, not your kids. Nothing can stop you. You will become an unstoppable entrepreneur juggernaut. But you have to start by asking the questions, what do I want to do and what can I do that is the most valuable and is the most fascinating and is the most motivating right now? So make sure you are building a life around your passion and not around fake certainty. And then the next one, if you want to become an entrepreneur, the next step is you have to upgrade your life.   You have to always be learning. And growing and building and you can't care what other people say. You can't take your entrepreneurial dreams and then go ask your friends or your parents who aren't entrepreneurs because they're not going to understand. You have to upgrade who you are if you're going to become an entrepreneur. See, people think that they'll quit their job and they'll become an entrepreneur and the won't really do anything different about their lifestyle. But the truth is if you want to become independent and a self starter, you have to upgrade your life. You have to wake up early, you have to set deadlines, you have to save your money and you have to be responsible. And you can't rely on your boss just to like pick you up. After you spend all your money all weekend. You have to be your own hero of your own story.   So to become an entrepreneur, you have to upgrade your life, upgrade your friends. You can love your family and love your friends, but it's important to upgrade who you spend your time with and how you spend your time. Time is the only acid we can't get back anymore. Of all right? So you really have to upgrade what you're doing. And then the next thing is you have to constantly be developing yourself, constantly be developing your business. If your business, if you can't see your business as future, then you don't really know what you're developing. This is the reason you need a coach. You need to know what you're building up to and you have to have a 10 X mindset because you don't want to be a two X entrepreneur who is somebody who just manages a business that's already living in, isn't going anywhere.   You want to be a Tenex entrepreneur, someone who is building something so big that it's going to rise all boats, you know with the sea and you want to be in charge of your own ship and you want to be Tenex in your life and your 10 X-ing your potential because at a job you would be stuck getting paid a certain amount because that is what they told you as an entrepreneur. You should be going for the moon and you should be doing the absolute best that you can to develop a beautiful entrepreneurial lifestyle. And business and not be getting bogged down by the bullshit of life, but building and developing into something amazing. And then the final step to becoming an entrepreneur is focus. All right? If you're going to become an entrepreneur, you kind of quickly need to figure out what it is that you can be most productive and most profitable, as well as be the most motivated and be the most fascinated.   And it has to be something that you are going to be playing for the long game. Something that can keep you fascinated, motivated, and passionate for your whole rest of your entrepreneurial career or your life because there's really no retirement in life unless you know, even if you make a bunch of money, you should be doing what you love and you're passionate about that you don't even. So when you're starting to think about what you should focus on, you should be asking yourself, what are the things that I already naturally gravitate towards that I really enjoy that other people are making money? Or what are things that I would actually pay money to do? You know, these are the things that you can build a passionate business about and you can get dead focused on once you know what you know, once you understand what you're doing and you're asking the right questions and you're upgrading your life constantly and you're developing your business into something beautiful, and you have the focus of a 10 X mindset of where you're going, then nothing can stop you.   And these are the steps of how to become an entrepreneur and how to build a business that is your life, blood, and your success all in one. And something that you can take to the bank and you can be proud of, and you can have self confidence. And those are the steps to become an entrepreneur. And the last one I'll just leave with is you gotta be tenacious and you gotta be passionate and you gotta be ferocious, right? You can't let little things stop you. You have to be able to adapt and overcome. But most importantly are those five steps. So I hope that was a helpful episode for you, and I hope I can help you more in your entrepreneurial journey. I'd love to be your entrepreneur coach. So good. Evergreen tactics slash entrepreneur coach, and I'm here for you. Alec Ford, a senior in the next one. https://evergreentactics.com/entrepreneur-coach/

entrepreneur coach Hello, my name is Robert Lyon. Welcome to evergreen tactics like and subscribe. Today we're going to be talking about 10x your purpose. All right, let me give you an easy win. What fascinates you and what motivates you and what is something that you can do for the rest of your life that would bring you the most bliss? Okay. Now when we're wanting to 10 X your purpose, we have to understand what it is that is uniquely you. What are you an expert in and what brings you the most bliss? And then more importantly, what is your most productive task and what is your most profitable tasks or the what can evolve into your most profitable tests. So when we're trying to figure out how to 10 X your purpose, you first have to ask ourselves, what are we doing in our day to day? That is not our purpose. That is not our best use of our time. I'm sure most people out there are spending anywhere from a hundred 250 hours, quarterly on tasks that they could delegate to other people or tasks that are not their most fulfilling or profitable skill that they could be using or learning or working on. So if you're going to 10 X your purpose, the first thing we have to zero in on is the one thing that you can build a life around that would keep you motivated and fascinated for the rest of your life. A lot of people don't realize it, but life is a long, long game, right? It's not about the short term, it's about the long and, and if you truly want to 10 X your purpose, you have to first figure out what your purpose is. You have to figure out what your calling is. What is it that you could do every day that would bring light into the world that you can uniquely do or give. And some people in order for them to do this, they have to find self-confidence, okay? And the thing is they don't believe in themselves because they think that something in the outer outer world has to give them something to become confident when the reality is if you want to be confident, you have to bring it out of you and bring it into the world. That's where confidence comes from. Once you have the confidence to say, I'm going to live my life for my purpose in my bliss, that's when you can begin to figure out which tasks in which things that are the most beneficial to your life in the most impressive for your productivity and profit ability, right? So once you understand or have an idea of what it is that fascinates you and can keep you motivated and is something that you could build a life around, it's just a matter of time of implementing. And the best way to do this is to take action right away. But in reality, there's four things we have to do in order to get through this. First of all is vision. We have to crystallize the vision of us building this life where we can be the hero of our own story and where we can be the person that spends all their time being the most productive and profitable as he possibly can. So you have to have that vision. What would your life look like if you were to 10 X your purpose. Okay, so you have to have that in your mind. The next is going to be obstacles and objections and we have to understand that there's always going to be obstacles and always going to be objections. And if we're going to break the rules of society, we have to make our own rules to overcome these obstacles and objections because people aren't going to think like we're thinking. They're not going to understand what they're, what we're doing, but if they're not paying your bills, then pay them no mind. Okay? So you have to just come to terms and accept that there's going to be obstacles in the way, but you are going to be persistent. You are tenacious, like a pit bull, and you are going to find your way through this to the next phase, which is transformation. Now transformation is a fun word, but in reality it's hard, especially the older we get, we are so habitual creatures that transforming actually takes more courage than any other step that so far. So in order to transform, we have to know where we're going. We have to know what the 10 X purpose of our life is, and that's why it's better to 10 X than two X because 10 X is going to get you out of bed. 10 X is going to bring you life changing money. 10 X is going to make a life worth living. Two X isn't going to do it. So you have to shoot for the moon and you have to be the hero of your story, okay? And you have to understand that transformation is uncomfortable. You have to understand that transformation takes more courage and there's going to be fear. But once you push through, that is where all the good things can happen. And finally, it's action. Action takes the most amount of effort, but it is also the most rewarding because you begin to see the momentum that you can build and you get to see how you can slowly grow and 10 X your purpose in life. Now that you understand what it would mean to Tenex your purpose, I believe that you should implement these into your own life, but let's go just a little bit deeper. Okay, so [inaudible], is that all right with you? Go, go deeper. If we're going to 10 X or lives, I'm going to tell you the cold hard truth. How are you going to do that? Is you're going to put your head down for the next 90 days and you're going to work your ass off to get to 10 X your purpose. And then you're going to look up at the end of those 90 days. And if you haven't 10 extra purpose, then you're going to put your head back down and you're going to work your ass off for the next 90 days. And then at the end of those 90 days, you're going to pick your head back up and you're going to look around. And if you haven't, 10 X your purpose, then you're going to put your head back down and you're going to work your ass off until you finally, someday put your head up and you have 10 extra purpose. Okay? Now what I like to do is I like to plan my, uh, life around a 12 week year, okay? And at the end of those 12 weeks, I like to have a large Superbowl goal and then I re work it backwards to this week what I'm going to accomplish. And if you really want to micro, you can go down to the day down to the hour of how you should be spending your time. But it is more important that you find out what is making you motivated. What is keeping you fascinated. Okay. Because as soon as you figure out what your purpose is and what keeps you fascinated and what motivates you and you put in the time to start working on these, you can become the hero of your story. And that's when you can start to find the people that are going to write you the big checks. Okay. To be somebody who knows who they are, who knows what they do and do it every day and love doing it. That's where the big checks come in. That's when the people are going to be able to see who you are and they're going to put you in that box of very valuable in their mind and not see you just as another person out there flapping their gums. But as somebody who is motivated, fascinated, dedicated, and is 10 X-ing their purpose and they're going to want to jump on the bandwagon and write those big checks, this is how you can 10 extra purpose, 10 X your business, and 10 X your life. Uh, I think that's it. Check out all my other videos, like, and subscribe. Let's [inaudible] our purposes together. Uh, please put yours down in the comments. Um, I'll leave mine in the description a

James: Hi, audience and listeners, this is James Kandasamy from Achieve Wealth, True Value at Real Estate Investing podcast. Today I have KK Singh, KK Singh is a big figure in our social media circles, especially in the multifamily and multi-families syndication. KK used to be a Microsoft Certified System Engineer. I like to call it MCSE because it's a pretty well known designation for system engineers and the Microsoft world; and KK also owns multiple businesses including gas station convenience stores, a Laundromat, and also he started a real estate with a 40 single family residential in Indiana. And currently he's an investor in almost 3000 units as a LP, and in some of it is a GP across all States in the US. And he also has done agriculture, commercial and residential property in India. And also, business experience, almost 10 to 19 years in the US, and is also looking for expansion opportunity. Hey KK, welcome to the show. KK: Hello. Thank you very much James for having me on your show. James: Sure, absolutely. Absolutely. So, KK let's get started with our show. I mean I got to know you like almost two years now. So you have been doing very well in terms of multifamily investing and especially you started as a passive and now you're going more into the GPU, but I want to go before that. So you are on a later part of your cycle and you did a lot of different businesses, Laundromat and gas station convenience stores. And so I want to go into that business before we go into multifamily. And then after that I want to compare that business to multifamily. And why did you, at this stage of your life, why did you want to do multifamily? Because there's a lot of people who want to really learn these different businesses. Like I always wonder how gas stations work. I always wonder how convenience stores work. How does a Laundromat work? And do they really make more money than what I'm doing right now in multifamily? So you are the best person to really tell us and our audience what are the different aspects of this business. So let's start with, I mean, you own gas station convenience store and Laundromat. So tell us about these three businesses. I mean, how does the business work? How much do people make? Even in that business, what are the values that you always see that it's very awful? KK: Well, I came to United States, as you said, Microsoft Certified System Engineer and I lost my job after 9/11. And it was just about six months before I came. So I had a job for about six months and I lost my job and my friends were in the gas station business in Indianapolis and they offered me a partnership in the business and they asked me to come and join their business. And so I decided, since I had no options, I decided to join their business as a partner. It was a gas station in Indianapolis. So I started managing that, I automated there, put it up because everything they were doing on papers with pen and paper. So I was a computer professional, so I did everything into computers. And soon we lost the lease because the owner did not renew the lease on that property. So I had learned the business because I had it for about a year. So I bought a gas station here in Fort Wayne after about a year and a half since I came to United States.   James: So, before we go to the other business, how does a gas station make money?   KK: Well, the gas station owners make money mostly on the inside sales. They don't make money on the gas. James: Oh, you don't make money on the gas? KK: But you don't make money on the gas. And most of the money is made on the convenience store side. So, first I bought one gas station and soon I had other people join me buying gas stations. Here I was, the first Punjabi to buy a gas station here in Fort Wayne. And soon I brought some of my friends, my relatives to buy gas stations here. So we formed a group and we started buying in bulk. And that way we made more money, we got more rebates; we got more kickbacks since we were buying in bulk. James: So the rebate and discounts that you get that's on the fuel price? KK: No, on the inside sales, mostly on the... James: On the inside sale?    KK: Yeah.   James: So, why does every gas station have different pricing in terms of fuel? KK: Because you have the right to price your own gas, whatever you want to. Some people like to make 5 cents; some people like to make 3 cents. Some people like to lose money on gas. James: So, I mean we are always wondering, I mean I'm sure I thought every gas station owner was trying to make some profit because every gas station has different pricing. So do they try to take it back on making more money by increasing the gas price slightly? I'm sure there's elasticity in terms of customer demand versus the gas price. KK: Well the street price is who rules the gas prices, the street pricing. So some people like to bring the customers in by losing money on the gas.   James: Oh.   KK: Or making less profit on the gas and they want to bring the customers to their lot and then bring them inside to the convenience store where they can make 35% instead of pennies. James: Interesting. I thought there will be some money being made on the gas, but looks like what you're saying is it was so little money, you may not make money or you lose money... KK: I've lost more money because 90% people these days use credit cards. And then on top of that, you end up paying credit card fee as well. James: Oh, so you have to pay, but is the price inside of convenience store slightly higher than what you get from Walmart or Walgreens or CVS? KK: Yes. Yes. That's why they're called convenience stores because they are for convenience. But, yeah. So it's like they have to pay for the convenience. James: Yeah. Which makes sense, I mean, I'm giving you space and the gas for almost all on my costs. Right. And now you come and pay a bit more on the convenience of, probably people don't care because it's convenient for them. That's absolutely right. That makes a lot of sense now because I always wondered this. So, is the gas station business being impacted with some of the electric costs that's being popular nowadays? KK: Well, we never made money on the gas anyways, so I don't think it's going to affect the people still going to buy their food and drinks and chips and candy and the cigarettes. So they do still come. I own an electric car myself but still, I stop at gas stations to...   James: Buy things   KK: Buy coffee, buy candy, and buy something. James: I think the location of it is much more convenient. I think that's how like even Buc-ee's, I'm not sure whether you know Buc-ee's in Texas they're very big. They have a lot of gas stations, like hundred gas stations outside and it's a big convenience store. KK: Yup. Yup. James: Okay. Okay. That makes sense. Yeah. So it's like a big, slightly more expensive because it's very convenient.   KK: Correct.   James: Okay. So what about a Laundromat, how does that work? KK: Well, I had this lot sitting by my gas station for a long time. It was a vacant lot and I thought of buying it and utilizing it and this neighbourhood needed a Laundromat. There was a little lot like a block away from my gas station. There was a Laundromat, which were the old beaten up Laundromat, it had like 20 years old machines. So I thought that I can utilize this property and I did some creativity and bank that lot at a very low price. And I built a Laundromat from ground up with the best machines that they come, bigger machines. So immediately after I opened that Laundromat, the other one closed because it was all, nobody wanted to go there. So, and Laundromat is a good business too because you don't need the employees, so it's unattended. So I have a girl that comes in the evening and cleans up and somebody will go from the gas station and clean up or if there's any problems. So this is kind of a passive income. James: So you still have the Laundromat until now? KK: Yes, I do. And we are building another one. James: Oh, that's awesome. That's awesome. So is this the machine with a speed queen? KK: No, [10:00 unclear] machines. James: [10:02 unclear], okay. Okay. KK: We have bigger machines, like 90 pounders, 60 pounders, 50 pounders. Yeah. James: I mean, the reason I ask about speed queen, because in my properties, I'd probably own a Laundromat as well, but indirectly, right, in all our apartments, I think 90% of our apartments, we own our own machines. So, we like to buy new machines, but this is for residential. So it may not be... KK: [10:28 Inaudible] is good too.   James: Okay. Okay.   KK: But that store is good for Laundromat, commercial and it's very simple to operate, and it's a sturdy machine as well. James: Got it. And have you ever tried to sell these gas stations and the Laundromat? KK: No. James: Okay. So you're keeping it for passive income? KK: I have a system in place and they are an automatic, autopilot, I mean. So, because I have partners in all my gas stations, they run the gas stations and I stay home. James: Okay, good. That's true passive income right. KK: Yeah. James: Now, the reason I asked you whether you sold is because I want to know how this business is being valued. KK: No, I haven't never sold any gas station. I have always bought gas station, and I would still buy a gas station if I get a good deal. James: So if it's passive income, why not you buy nationwide? KK: No, it's not passive income, it's not. It's passive income for me because I have my friends and family as partners who run the businesses for me. It's not passive income and I don't, people call me all the time and ask me if they can buy a gas station and rent it out and make more money than single family or real estate, no, it's not like that. James: So it's not as a, what I'm trying to say I guess is...   KK: It's not at all passive. It's just autopilot for me because I've done this for so many years and I have brought in partners and some of them are even my employees that I have partnered with. James: So they are the one who is active and you are investing money and for you it's passive. So it's not really passive income, but because you are a silent partner, you get passive income, I guess.    KK: Right. Correct.   James: So after that, how did you buy 40 single family residential? KK: Well. the seller was from our community, he met me at the church and he said, I want to sell my property that he had for several years. And I told him that I know somebody in Indianapolis that I can refer to. And he said, no, I want to sell them to you. And I said, no, I have never done this and I'm not going to get into the rental business, toilet and all that kind of stuff. He said, I will give you a good deal and I will teach you for a year how to do it. So that attracted me and I came home and talked to my nephew and at that time I didn't even know about [13:10inaudible] it is. So, I talked to my nephew, we calculated, we didn't get any financials or anything from him and we were comparing, I went online to the city website and check the prices compared to what he was offering us. So I liked the pricing of everything. I said, yes, the very next day I said, yes, we will buy your houses. And we went ahead and bought, we never hired an attorney. We just wrote up purchase agreement on my computer and we bought those 40 single family houses and then he started helping me. But he had done this for about 40 years now. So, but he was all old school, everything was on pen and paper. I didn't like that idea. So I had a lot of other stuff going on. I said, no, I would do it myself. So I bought some books, I went online, did some research and started managing myself and I still manage those 40 single families myself. James: That's a very inspiring story, right? Because where you going from zero to nothing, I mean to learning about how to operate 40 single family residential. So how did you learn to make that business in single family residential from the guy who's selling you, he's old school? So now you are a Microsoft certified system engineer. You are going to think on how to put everything into computer. What was the first website or resource that you used to start managing this 40 single family residential?   KK: Well, first of all, I started researching about the property management software and I did some research on the property management softwares and I found [15:06unclear].com the best software for my purpose. And the pricing was good, the features were good. And I signed up for a demo, I took a demo and liked it and I moved all my properties to [15:21unclear] James: I used [15:23unclear] as well for my single family residential, even though I only own like two right now, but we went through a few iteration of property management software for single family and then settled on [15:33unclear], which is pretty good for the single family and [15:38inaudible] management. KK: Correct. Correct. James: So you are in Indiana? So have you ever thought about looking other places for real estate or you wanted to do that? KK: No, I do my multifamily almost, I have one in Indianapolis and all others are out of Indiana. James: Got it. Got it. KK: So, right now I'm doing the 10th view as a general partner and I did seven deals as a passive investor. So all of them but one is in Indiana and all of them are out of Indiana. James: Okay. So I want to go to that transition where you were doing Laundromat, gas station and 40 single family residential, so, how did you get introduced to multifamily apartments? KK: Well, when I bought these single family houses and I went online to, I started researching on bigger pockets and read some books and I realized that it's not scalable and especially there's no tax advantage. That's why we bought these properties. We thought, oh, we can save money on tax. Because we were paying a lot of tax, we had a lot of cash-flow from the gas stations, so we were paying a lot of tax. But with buying single family, we ended up paying more tax because we made more money. So, I thought, no, we were here to save on taxes, so this is not the way to do it. So I started researching and finally as I learned about the syndication process and cost segregation, how people save money on the tax. So we started and I actually started investing passively and never thought I'm going to be active investor at that time because I had so much going on and I have like 15 companies. So, I thought, okay, I will keep doing it. But I'll keep investing my passively and get K-one losses and wash off other passive incomes. That's was my original plan, but when I started learning about multifamily and I learned that I have so much passion about multi-families, so why not do it actively? James: Yeah, no. So I want to go through the thought process here. So, what year was it that you discovered multifamily? KK: 2015. James: 2015, which is like what? Four years ago. KK: Yeah. Four years ago. James: And you say syndication, right? So even when you introduced to multifamily, did you look at buying a multifamily without syndication? KK: Yes, we did. We did four times. James: So you did buy some multifamily without syndication? KK: No, we didn't buy any. James: Oh you didn’t... KK: Because we were thinking of buying the same way we bought these houses. James: Got it. KK: So we didn't even know how to do underwriting, how to calculate the profit and loss. So we thought, okay, we bought these houses for so much and these are like just two room, one bedroom apartments so this should be half the price of the houses. That's how we started and we offered four alloys. First we started with the 32 unit and we went all the way to 96 units to buy, but every time we were overbid by others and we didn't know that we have to do underwriting and all that stuff that I realized after giving four alloys that we, no, this is not the way to do it. We need to start underwriting and they are not priced as the houses are, they are priced based on the net operating income. Then I started learning all that in 2015, and as I was learning, I was investing passively as well.   James: Got it, got it.   KK: I still kept investing and a couple of my partners started investing along with me too. So, we invested all over the nation in first three years, 15, 16, 17, and in 18 I decided to go at it. James: Why you didn't from single family, you were thinking of buying the large multifamily, which is like 40, 50, no, 90 units, right? Why you didn't look at duplexes, triplexes and fourplexes. KK: Oh, I taught duplex, triplex is the same thing as single family because we had the money, we had the resources, we could get the loan, we had the network, so we thought we can buy 30, 40 units. We never thought of buying smaller properties. James: Okay, so you wanted to go big because you think you can do it. It's just that you didn't have the knowledge on how do people underwrite this commercial properties? KK: And that I learned, that I learned soon after being overburdened, four of those alloy's that we did present. So I decided to learn and then I learned a lot and I attended several boot camps and took some courses, read a lot of books, listened to a lot of podcasts. So actually I had a passion for it. So I was spending like five, six hours a day, maybe even more, maybe eight hours a day. Just learning about multifamily. For six months, I never slept before midnight for six months. James: For six months you didn't sleep before midnight because you were so wowed with this multifamily.   KK: Yes. That's when I was learning about it, listening to podcast, every night I would listen to podcasts, read something about it, so I spent a lot of time learning this process James: And you said multifamily was more interesting compared to buying more gas station, Laundromat and the single family because of the tax advantage. That's what you're saying. So you need something to offset your passive business, I mean, active business income, I guess. KK: Well, I had a lot of passive income as well. Because I was not active in all the gas stations. I was passive in some gas stations and we own real states of several gas stations, and those LLC owned properties. And so our operating companies were paying rent to the real estate company. So that was my passive income as well. James: Oh. That's an interesting strategy there. So why not buy like a strip mall or warehouse or industrial warehouse or South storage? KK: I don't like anything else but multifamily. James: Why? Did you look at that [22:30inaudible]? KK: Yes, I did look at it; it's on my criteria as well. The second think I would ever buy would be storing units or the mobile park, but I would never go to commercial or anything because I know people need at least a roof to live somewhere. James: Okay, got it. So you think there's a definite need for a residential? KK: Yeah, because of the technology, you never know. Did you see the strip malls, commercial buildings closing industries, moving to Mexico, China, India and all those countries? But they can't move apartments to China. James: That's right. That's right. KK: But they have to live here. So, that's the only, I get a lot of other offers, but I am very, very strictly multifamily person. James: Yeah. Yeah. So let me give you some education to the listeners. So, what KK was talking about is the tax advantage that you get in multifamily, especially with something called depreciation, which is a paper loss which offset, which shows your income. Even though you're making cash-flow from a positive cash-flow from your operation in apartments depreciation is going to be more, most of the time it's going to be more than your cash-flow, which means you are, it shows as you're losing money, which means you probably don't pay any tax on your cash-flow; and sometimes net cash flow minus depreciation do come out positive, but the amount will be low because now you have depreciation. And in single family residential houses, you still do have depreciation, but it's divided by 27.5. But in commercial, which is apartment, you've either been doing divide by 27.5, you can still do 27.5 but you can also do something called cost segregation, which means they segregate each part of the building and commercial into five years, seven years, 15 years and 27.5 years? They separate the windows to seven years. I don't know what exactly the schedule is, but example windows took seven years, the driveway took 15 years. Frauding took five years. And what they do is they save all this 15 years for all five years, everything is segregated. And all this depreciation is accelerated in the first five to seven years and 15 years. And even the first five years it's like 30% of total depreciation. So, the number of, the amount of depreciation you get in apartments is like, it can be huge because of this cost segregation. And now with the tax law that we have in 2017 from 2017-2023 you have something called bonus depreciation, which means you are going to take all the 15 years schedule of depreciation, you're going to depreciate it in the first year, which used to be only available for new development. Which makes sense, new developments; everything done you'd appreciate 15 years into it. But now the new tax law have given leverage for the properties that has already been built. But this advantage only available until 2023 and after that it starts reducing to 50% instead of a hundred percent depreciation become 50% and depreciates less, and in other commercial real estate, like strip centre and warehouses and all that, is not depreciated by 27.5, it's depreciated by 39 years. So you can... James: 39 and a half? KK: Come again. James: 39 and a half. KK: 39 and a half. Okay. Thanks for clarifying, I thought it's 39. So 39 and a half, and what happened is you get much lower depreciation, they can do also cost segregation, but you know, you're going to get less number. And it makes perfect sense for farmers because of the Maslow hierarchy of needs as well. Everybody needs a shelter to stay.  And especially because of those appliances they have, the kitchens, the counters, kitchens, fridge, the microwave and the stove, those things get depreciated in the very first five years. And you can get all that in the very first year. James: Yes, yes, correct. Correct. So that's an awesome tax strategy in apartment and that's what we call this multifamily apartment. So let's go ahead. So, you said you started learning how to value the apartment and at 2015 you learned the trick about how to trade. So, why not at that time you go and buy apartments, why did you go passive? KK: Well, at that time I was still managing the Laundromat and one gas station myself. And after about two years in 2017, my son-in-law, my daughter got married in 2015 and her husband came to United States in 2017. I asked him, he was a competitive engineer too, I asked him what he wants to do and he said I want to be in the business. He owned a gas station in Canada as well. So he migrated from Canada. So he started doing what I was doing. So, I was only managing these 40 single family houses and most of my stuff was on autopilot, so I had nothing else to do. I decided to go active. So that's when I started looking to do syndication myself. James: Okay. No, but my question was, like I mean after you learn all the tricks on how to underwrite multifamily, right, why did you still go with a passive investment KK: That's why, because I was busy managing my gas station, single family houses and Laundromat myself.   James: Oh. So, now your son-in-law is taking care of that, now you, okay. Got it. Got it. Got it. Now you have all the time to really be an active sponsor, I guess. KK: Correct. James: So, okay. Okay. How did you make that transition from being a passive to active? Because that's a day and night skills. KK: And you should know that too because you are sitting on this side right hand side and Jeff Green well he was sitting on my left hand side and San Diego mastermind. James: Oh, I must have influenced you. KK: Yeah. Something came, I pulled some of your power and Jeff offered me to be a general partner on his deal. James: That must be my [29:08inaudible] KK: Yeah. So I said, okay, I will be your general partner. I raised money for his deal to close. So that was my first transition and I was so much motivated by meeting all those people that like the mastermind in San Diego last March when I did the deal.   James: Yeah. That's very interesting. Sometimes this mastermind brings, the proximity is power. You have people who are doing it and you know that you can do it if you have the right support. And sometimes, certain words and certain discussions can motivate you to progress. So it's very, very powerful concept of mastermind. Sometimes people thinks that you go from mastermind, you are wasting time. You're talking but there are always influencers, especially in a small setting compared to going into like this large conferences where you go and just network, right. This is not so contagious, but in a small group setting, it can be contagious and that's good, so you are able to, yeah, I know when we were in the mastermind we were talking about, you are passive and I didn't know that was the time that you were transitioning. You decided to transition from GP. KK: That same day I did it and he emailed me all the information and when I was coming from San Diego, I was looking at the costar report, underwriting and everything on the plane from San Diego to Chicago all night. James: I have to give credit to myself too. KK: Yeah. The credit goes to you too. James: That's good. That's good. I hope so. I mean, I'm sure you would have some calling to or for you as well. But I've been, I'm happy to help out as well. So, KK, what was your discovery when you, from a passive investor, I mean, you were of before, let's assume that mastermind was a transition period. At that point before that you were a passive investor, your mindset is completely different. You just want to invest passively. You didn't want to do any active role, maybe its fun, it's interesting, but you just didn't want to do it. But once you step over into the GP side where you partner with another sponsor. So how do you think your mindset has changed from passive to become an active? KK: Well, my mindset changed back in 2017 because I had learned so much. I was thinking, why don't I put all this knowledge to work? Why I am just investing passively. But as I told you that when he took over, so I was completely free. And I stayed home and there was not much, and I have so much of my single family management on autopilot that I spend about nine hours a week. So I had nothing else to do, and I decided to move on to, and I started looking on deals before my mastermind, I did start looking deals and I did some [32:19inaudible] the properties and I did give some alloys as well, and I learned the business practically by doing it. And then it was, I think a miracle happened when you did something at the mastermind that I got a deal. And I also learned that it is teamwork. It's not something that I can do myself. It is teamwork. So I think that was a great opportunity for me when Jeff offered me that deal and they were in, they were very close to the closing. So, I raised the money in about three days and became a member of his asset management team where I learned a lot as well. And after that I did a one deal with Radcliff and Robert in Lexington, Kentucky in May, we closed that in May and now I'm a general partner on a deal with Viking Capital on a 92 unit, a B class asset in Marietta, Georgia, North of Atlanta. James: Got it. So let's assume KK, so now you have moved to become more on the active side, right? Part of the asset management team. So if I split you into two, your best friend is your older, KK Singh as the passive investor and now is the right one. The right side, KK is the active investor, what would you turn to your passive investor, best friend and say what are the advice that you want to give to your KK Singh a passive investor on how to invest smartly as a passive investor? Since now you know both sides. KK: Well, even when I was a passively investing, I was learning continuously because the very first deal I didn't know much about multifamily. So I just invested to see how it works. So I just wrote a check to Ivan Barrett for 50,000 and I invested in his deal in Dayton, Ohio, but after that I realized that I need to learn about the passive as well. And I like reading a lot, listening, and reading and so I started learning how to invest passively and I prepared a list of like 42 questions, which I was asking. And then I started investing with Joe [34:53inaudible] in his deals in Dallas and I didn't want to put all eggs in the same basket. So I tried some other syndicators other markets as well before I finally decided to go active. James: Got it. So, out of that 40 questions that you have in your passive investor checklist, and don't worry, I'm not going to ask you to do all the 40 questions, but is there any like five to 10 questions you think all passive investors should ask before investing in any deals? James: I think the most important thing is in this all the syndication process is the operator. So I always even tell my investors the same thing that I did myself. I always looked at the operator. Who is the operator? Who is their team? Do they have an office? Do they have a complete set up? And then do they have a track record? Have they gone through a full cycle? So I always look at that first, even as a passive investor, even as a general partner, I do the same thing; and the second thing is the market. What market is the property in? So does that property market have a rent growth, continuous rent growth? Does that market have a continuous population growth? Are the companies moving to that area? Is it a bigger like population over 200,000? I don't invest in smaller cities. So those are the second things, and then I move onto the property. Is it really a value added property? Every property sale, value add property, sometimes there's no value at all or there is no rent growth. I have seen like people wrote, right, 300 rent bump. Do you think the previous owner was dumb? So he was $300 below market. It doesn't happen all the time. So I prepared a list of questions. I learned how to do all the comps, sales comps, rent comps, and I do get my investor do the same thing as well. James: Got it. So what you're talking about is operators, the second is the market, third is the deal, which is absolutely the right priority. So let's say for a new passive investor, how do they find about, before we go there, can you define what's an operator is? KK: Well operator is the guy who finds a deal, brings it under contract, signs the loan or brings the team together, or if they already have the team, and then after the closing they operate, they make sure they are performing as for performer, the property management in place is working, doing a good job. And they are giving the reports quarterly or monthly, whatever information to the investors and also paying the investors as promised. James: So how can a passive investor know about the operator? I mean, without asking the operator directly because sometimes it's hard to know. I mean, as I say, a new passive investor comes, sometimes they are very shy to ask a lot of questions because they are worried that they will not get into the deal. But is there any other way that a new passive investor can find out about the operator without asking the operator directly? KK: Well, they shouldn't be shy. I even asked the operator if you die, I go that far, if you die.   James: Absolutely. KK: Yeah. I mean, I don't mind if somebody asks me if you die, where are we going to ask for our [38:57inaudible] or money? I mean, it's obvious if somebody could die in a second. Yeah. So there has to be some things in place that if somebody dies who's going to take care of. So I think that should be and I have uploaded those 42 questions on my Tenex Facebook group several times and Radcliff has those 42 questions on his website. I think passive investors should download there as well. But I can tell you how people find me. They follow me everywhere on social media. They check my profiles and they listen to my podcast and then they approach me, oh we know you for a year or two; I saw your video live or podcast. So they probably know everything before they come and contact me unless they are referred to me by someone who is already in my investor or my friend. So they trust me too. James: Yeah, I mean that's true. I mean once you are... KK: I'm very active on social media so people know what I do. James: Yes, yes, yes. Correct. Correct. Correct. So what about market? Can you tell the audience, especially passive investor, any specific resources they can go and see before investing in the market? I mean, I know you said you do not want smaller cities, you want big cities, but what else they should look for in a market before they even invest even passively? James: Well they should, first of all, we talked about the operator and then the market research is very important. They should look at there are so much free services available, ctdata is one of them. James: ctdata.net? KK: ctdata.com   James: dot com, okay.   KK: Dot com and they can go there at least or just write down population and there will be a population of so and so city. They'll get so much information and there's another world review website that it will automatically pop up under the CTdata and you can go there, research the market, sub-market and even the neighborhood.   James: So have you seen any deals that was presented to you as a, I mean when you are a passive investor, when you presented to you that you think are this guy, he didn't underwrite the deal as conservatively as he is claiming. I mean, everybody claims their underwriting yes. KK: All the time. Right. All the time. James: It's like a value add. Right. All deals are value add. Same thing, all lead sponsors, all our sponsors are saying all their deals are written conservatively, they fill up quickly. KK: Some people are very smart to write their OMs and they'll write it in such a way that a passive investor who's not very literate about the multifamily. And if they don't have time to do their own research, they can fall in that net very easily because they are written so smartly. So they don't understand. And they don't spend much time either. James: Yeah. But how do you, can you give us a few example where you were able to cut some, I would say... KK: The biggest one is the comps. James: It's the comps. Okay. KK: And the second thing is the rent growth. Sometimes they'll write 3% rent growth and they will say, oh, it's very conservatively written. And I have been managing these houses since 2014 I have never seen 3% going up every year. I mean there has to be some year when it's going to be down, it might go up to 3% again, but all five or seven years or 10 years, whatever the whole time is. They don't go up all the time. And another thing is the vacancy. A lot of times they will write the vacancy or we can, we're going to have it 95% occupied, but when you look at the four star report or others resources, the market occupancy is at 90%. So how can you do it 95% if the market is at 90%? So some of those assumptions they make are sometimes very aggressive. James: So you say rent comp, and use also talked about the comps? So you're talking about the rent comp that they are projecting? KK: Rent comps, rent comps, they are projecting this and sometimes I've seen on the OMs, they are not comparing apples to apples. They're comparing one bedroom to three bedrooms and then they'll say, oh, there is a threat, $315 rent bump. You're not comparing apples to apples.   James: Do you think they make a mistake or they just...? KK: They intentionally do it and nobody can challenge that either because they don't, they say nothing there that it is three bedroom compared to one bedroom. So that OM doesn't say that we are comparing one bedroom. It's just going to say that apartment has this rent and this apartment has this rent. And they'll show you that there is a $300 bump which is not true. So far, I never seen a bump more than $150. James: And even 150 is difficult to get, so yeah KK: No more than $150. I have seen up to $150 which is also, as you said, by renovating, adding like $500, $600 to the unit, you might be able to raise the rent by a hundred or $150 maximum. James: Very interesting. So was there any aha moment as a active sponsor, as active person, more on the GP side now that you think like in the past six to eight months that you think, oh, I've learned something new about multifamily. Can you share it with the audience? KK: I always learn every day, every day I get some new experiences. I learned new things from sometimes even from people who know nothing about multifamily, but sometimes they teach you with, and I am very motivational and I'm motivated myself. I try to motivate my members in my Tenex group as well. Like every day you learn, in this business, every day you learn some thing new. James: So, I mean, so you had been pretty successful in investing into multifamily and now you're going more into the GP, so what do you think is the most I would say secret sauce to your success? KK: First of all, and I would also suggest to your audience, which I didn't do, but I didn't have to pay the price, but somebody might end up paying the price. I would say invest in yourself, that means learn the process yourself before you invest in any real estate, it could be single family, multifamily, any kind of real estate, do your homework first and don't be scared to spend some money on yourself, your personal development and learning and boot camps. Those are really helpful and I will, when I started learning at bigger progress, bigger progress always said that you don't have to have a coach, you don't have to attend any boot camps and everything. But when I got out of that mindset, I said, no, I got to go checkout some boot camps. It doesn't matter if I have to spend some money. And I realized that I learned a lot, I got motivated a lot. And also when I was holding myself accountable to do something. So, it's before that it was flow free flow. So, whatever I could do, if I got a deal, I would go ahead and make an appointment. Go look at that deal and end up there. But I think these things help, these Facebook groups, these masterminds, these boot camps, there are all these real estate, multifamily events, all of them help.   James: Got it. So it helps in terms of giving you some guidance to move ahead or give you some motivation or how does, or give you some knowledge? KK: So, as long as you have knowledge, you feel very comfortable doing something. James: Got it. KK: If you get out of your comfort zone and have knowledge and once you have the knowledge, you feel very comfortable doing anything. If you don't have knowledge, you always in fear, you get scared, or what if I do this? What if I can't raise the money? What if I, so there's lot of questions. Once you have the knowledge, you know that you will be able to do this. If you have a good deal, the money will come. And I hear a lot of people saying they're on Facebook as well, that a lot of people say that if you have a deal, money will come. We have a deal, but we can't raise the money. So that means something is wrong with your deal. James: Especially on this market cycle, where there's a lot of capital chasing the small number of deals, the true deals, I mean there are a lot of deals, but most deals are 98% of the deals doesn't really underwrite well as what it used to be. KK: I was looking at underwriting yesterday, this property had since 2015, the occupancy is 60,000 and all of a sudden now it's on sale it's at 90%. I looked at the costar report. I said what? Within the last three months, it went up to from 60% to 90%. James: Hey, hold on, hold on, hold on. KK: Okay. I looked at this deal yesterday and since 2015 I looked at the CoStar report and since 2015 the occupancy was at 60% and then the last four months it went from 60% to 90% because now it's on sale. James: On sale. Yeah, correct. Correct. You have to be very, very careful about these kinds of deals. I mean, unless it's an experienced operator, you are ready to go and turn it around; otherwise it's just going to be difficult to once you take over.   KK: And I think they already offered a little bit more money, but now the broker wants them to raise their price. I said, don't even raise a penny. Whatever you have offered is already on the higher side, but a lot of times they want that kind of money and they can get, because somebody else will pay. And I told this guy that somebody else will pay more, but they're going to be in trouble. James: Correct. Correct. Right. I mean, market is saving a lot of people out there right now. Right. People have all paid in bills and made a lot of mistakes in the underwriting. But market has been saving a lot of them for the past nine years. I mean, a rising tide raises all ships, so it's okay to make mistakes now, but it may not be okay when the market turns. Because now you'll see who is in trouble once the tide comes down. So, you have to be very, very careful right now KK: The market is at such speed now, tending to slow down. So it, people should be very careful and they should do their sensitivity analysis as well. Do the stress testing on their deals to make sure that they will survive if the market sort turns a little bit. James: So KK, can you, is there any proud moment in your life, in your business life that you think you cannot forget? That's going to be that if you really think you know, the next 10 years, one proud moment that you think that you always really proud that you did something. KK: I think I have been always proud of what I did because I do my homework before I do anything. I've spent a lot of time researching when I built a Laundromat. I had spent about a year the same way and I am very proud that I spent that time and I'm making a lot of money on that Laundromat and it's a very successful business. James: So you do, I mean, you're proud that you're doing a lot of research before you entering into a new venture. So... KK: Correct, correct. James: And if you want to let our audience know how to find you KK: Oh, I am very easy to find. They can go to Facebook and I have a Facebook group, Tenex multifamily investment group, and we have a little over 3000 members in about six months. I think we started the group at the same time. James: Yeah. You started late but you are slightly ahead of our group right now. KK: Yeah. And that's where they can find me. They can ask me questions and every Tuesday I have a zoom calls where they can come and join us and learn something, network. And they can ask me questions as well face to face, every Tuesday, nine o'clock Eastern time. And the zoom link is always in the Tenex Facebook group and then they can reach me through our website as well growrichcapital.com, or they can call me on my cell phone, 260-341-1964. James: All right, sounds good. So KK thanks for coming for the show. You add a lot of value. I like to, I mean I think I really found a lot of nuggets because you moved from different, different businesses to multifamily. I think that was very helpful because a lot of listeners could be doing other businesses and always wonder why not that business, why not this business? Right. And then why multifamily? So you, I think you summarize it pretty well and I think you, I think I did get a golden nugget of a few golden nugget when you move from passive to active, right? And how that transition worked out and your thought process when you go to that whole process. So appreciate you coming on board. Thanks for coming and that's it. KK: Thank you very much for having me, James. James: Yeah, most welcome. Thanks KK. KK: Love to be back on your show again, sometimes when I'm a bigger syndicator James: You are already a big syndicated. Thanks KK. KK: Thank you. Thank you.      

Welcome to the History of Computing Podcast, where we explore the history of information technology. Because by understanding the past, we're able to be prepared for the innovations of the future! Todays episode is not about Fear, Uncertainty, and Death. Instead it's about viruses. As with many innovations in technology, early technology had security vulnerabilities. In fact, we still have them!  Today there are a lot of types of malware. And most gets to devices over the Internet. But we had viruses long before the Internet; in fact we've had them about as long as we've had computers. The concept of the virus came from a paper published by a Hungarian Scientist in 1949 called “Theory of Self-reproducing automata.” The first virus though, didn't come until 1971 with Creeper. It copied between DEC PDP-10s running TENEX over the ARPANET, the predecessor to the Internet. It didn't hurt anything; it just output a simple little message to the teletype that read “I'm the creeper: catch me if you can.” The original was written by Bob Thomas but it was made self-replicating by Ray Tomlinson thus basically making him the father of the worm. He also happened to make the first email program. You know that @ symbol in an email address? He put it there. Luckily he didn't make that self replicating as well.  The first antivirus software was written to, um, to catch Creeper. Also written by Ray Tomlinson in 1972 when his little haxie had gotten a bit out of control. This makes him the father of the worm, creator of the anti-virus industry, and the creator of phishing, I mean, um email. My kinda' guy.  The first virus to rear its head in the wild came in 1981 when a 15 year old Mt Lebanon high school kid named Rich Skrenta wrote Elk Cloner. Rich went on to work at Sun, AOL, create Newhoo (now called the Open Directory Project) and found Blekko, which became part of IBM Watson in 2015 (probably because of the syntax used in searching and indexes). But back to 1982. Because Blade Runner, E.T., and Tron were born that year. As was Elk Cloner, which that snotty little kid Rich wrote to mess with gamers. The virus would attach itself to a game running on version 3.3 of the Apple DOS operating system (the very idea of DOS on an Apple today is kinda' funny) and then activate on the 50th play of the game, displaying a poem about the virus on the screen. Let's look at the Whitman-esque prose: Elk Cloner: The program with a personality It will get on all your disks It will infiltrate your chips Yes, it's Cloner! It will stick to you like glue It will modify RAM too Send in the Cloner! This wasn't just a virus. It was a boot sector virus! I guess Apple's MASTER CREATE would then be the first anti-virus software. Maybe Rich sent one to Kurt Angle, Orin Hatch, Daya, or Mark Cuban. All from Mt Lebanon. Early viruses were mostly targeted at games and bulletin board services. Fred Cohen coined the term Computer Virus the next year, in 1983.  The first PC virus came also to DOS, but this time to MS-DOS in 1986. Ashar, later called Brain, was the brainchild of Basit and Amjad Farooq Alvi, who supposedly were only trying to protect their own medical software from piracy. Back then people didn't pay for a lot of the software they used. As organizations have gotten bigger and software has gotten cheaper the pirate mentality seems to have subsided a bit. For nearly a decade there was a slow roll of viruses here and there, mainly spread by being promiscuous with how floppy disks were shared. A lot of the viruses were boot sector viruses and a lot of them weren't terribly harmful. After all, if they erased the computer they couldn't spread very far. The virus started “Welcome to the Dungeon.” The following year, the poor Alvi brothers realized if they'd of said Welcome to the Jungle they'd be rich, but Axl Rose beat them to it. The brothers still run a company called Brain Telecommunication Limited in Pakistan. We'll talk about zombies later. There's an obvious connection here.  Brain was able to spread because people started sharing software over bulletin board systems. This was when trojan horses, or malware masked as a juicy piece of software, or embedded into other software started to become prolific. The Rootkits, or toolkits that an attacker could use to orchestrate various events on the targeted computer, began to get a bit more sophisticated, doing things like phoning home for further instructions. By the late 80s and early 90s, more and more valuable data was being stored on computers and so lax security created an easy way to get access to that data. Viruses started to go from just being pranks by kids to being something more.  A few people saw the writing on the wall. Bernd Fix wrote a tool to remove a virus in 1987. Andreas Luning and Kai Figge released The Ultimate Virus Killer, an Antivirus for the Atari ST. NOD antivirus was released as well as Flushot Plus and Anti4us. But the one that is still a major force in the IT industry is McAfee VirusScan, founded by a former NASA programmer named John Mcafee. McAfee resigned in 1994. His personal life is… how do I put this… special. He currently claims to be on the run from the CIA. I'm not sure the CIA is aware of this.  Other people saw the writing on the wall as well, but went… A different direction. This was when the first file-based viruses started to show up. They infected ini files, .exe files, and .com files. Places like command.com were ripe targets because operating systems didn't sign things yet. Jerusalem and Vienna were released in 1987. Maybe because he listened to too much Bad Medicine from Bon Jovi, but Robert Morris wrote the ARPANET worm in 1988, which reproduced until it filled up the memory of computers and shut down 6,000 devices. 1988 also saw Friday the 13th delete files and causing real damage. And Cascade came this year, the first known virus to be encrypted. The code and wittiness of the viruses were evolving.  In 1989 we got the AIDS Trojan. This altered autoexec.bat and counted how many times a computer would boot. At 90 boots, the virus would hide the dos directories and encrypt the names of files on C:/ making the computer unusable unless the infected computer owner sent $189 a PO Box in Panama. This was the first known instance of ransomeware. 1990 gave us the first polymorphic virus.  Symantec released Norton Antivirus in 1991, the same year the first polymorphic virus was found in the wild, called Tequila. Polymorphic viruses change as they spread, making it difficult to find by signature based antivirus detection products. In 1992 we got Michelangelo which John Mcafee said would hit 5 million computers. At this point, there were 1,000 viruses. 1993 Brough us Leandro and Freddy Krueger, 94 gave us OneHalf, and 1995 gave us Concept, the first known macro virus. 1994 gave us the first hoax with “Good Times” - I think of that email sometimes when I get messages of petitions online for things that will never happen.  But then came the Internet as we know it today. By the mid 90s, Microsoft had become a force to be reckoned with. This provided two opportunities. The first was the ability for someone writing a virus to have a large attack surface. All of the computers on the Internet were easy targets, especially before network address translation started to somewhat hide devices behind gateways and firewalls. The second was that a lot of those computers were running the same software. This meant if you wrote a tool for Windows that you could get your tool on a lot of computers. One other thing was happening: Macros. Macros are automations that can run inside Microsoft Office that could be used to gain access to lower level functions in the early days. Macro viruses often infected the .dot or template used when creating new Word documents, and so all new word documents would then be infected. As those documents were distributed over email, websites, or good old fashioned disks, they spread.  An ecosystem with a homogenous distribution of the population that isn't inoculated against an antigen is a ripe hunting ground for a large-scale infection. And so the table was set. It's March, 1999. David Smith of Aberdeen Township was probably listening to Livin' La Vida Loca by Ricky Martin. Or Smash Mouth. Or Sugar Ray. Or watching the genie In A Bottle video from Christina Aguilera. Because MTV still had some music videos. Actually, David probably went to see American Pie, The Blair Witch Project, Fight Club, or the Matrix then came home and thought he needed more excitement in his life. So he started writing a little prank. This prank was called Melissa.  As we've discussed, there had been viruses before, but nothing like Melissa. The 100,000 computers that were infected and 1 billion dollars of damage created doesn't seem like anything by todays standards, but consider this: about 100,000,000 PCs were being sold per year at that point, so that's roughly one tenth a percent of the units shipped. Melissa would email itself to the first 50 people in an Outlook database, a really witty approach for the time. Suddenly, it was everywhere; and it lasted for years. Because Office was being used on Windows and Mac, the Mac could be a carrier for the macro virus although the payload would do nothing. Most computer users by this time knew they “could” get a virus, but this was the first big outbreak and a wakeup call.  Think about this, if there are supposed to be 24 billion computing devices by 2020, then next year this would mean a similar infection would hit 240 million devices. That would mean it hits ever person in Germany, the UK, France, and the Nordic countries. David was fined $5,000 and spent 20 months in jail. He now helps hunt down creators of malware.  Macroviruses continued to increase over the coming years and while there aren't too many still running rampant, you do still see them today. Happy also showed up in 1999 but it just made fireworks. Who doesn't like fireworks? At this point, the wittiness of the viruses, well, it was mostly in the name and not the vulnerability. ILOVEYOU from 2000 was a vbscript virus and Pikachu from that year tried to get kids to let it infect computers.  2001 gave us Code Red, which attacked IIS and caused an estimated $2 Billion in damages. Other worms were Anna Kournikova, Sircam, Nimda and Klez. The pace of new viruses was going, as was how many devices were infected. Melissa started to look like a drop in the bucket. And Norton and other antivirus vendors had to release special tools, just to remove a specific virus.  Attack of the Clones was released in 2002 - not about the clones of Melissa that started wreaking havoc on businesses. Mylife was one of these. We also got Beast, a trojan that deployed a remote administration tool. I'm not sure if that's what evolved into SCCM yet.  In 2003 we got simile, the first metamorphic virus, blaster, sobbing, seem, graybeard, bolgimo, agobot, and then slammer, which was the fastest to spread at that time. This one hit a buffer overflow bug in Microsoft SQL and hit 75,000 devices in 10 minutes. 2004 gave us Bagle, which had its own email server, Sasser, and MyDoom, which dropped speeds for the whole internet by about 10 percent. MyDoom convinced users to open a nasty email attachment that said “Andy, I'm just doing my job, nothing personal.” You have to wonder what that meant… The witty worm wasn't super-witty, but Netsky, Vundo, bifrost, Santy, and Caribe were. 2005 gave us commwarrior (sent through texts), zotob, Zlob, but the best was that a rootlet ended up making it on CDs from Sony. 2006 brought us Starbucks, Nyxem, Leap, Brotox, stration. 2007 gave us Zeus and Storm. But then another biggee in 2008. Sure, Torpig, Mocmex, Koobface, Bohmini, and Rustock were a thing. But Conficker was a dictionary attack to get at admin passwords creating a botnet that was millions of computers strong and spread over hundreds of countries. At this point a lot of these were used to perform distributed denial of services attacks or to just send massive, and I mean massive amounts of spam.  Since then we've had student and duqu, Flame, Daspy, ZeroAccess. But in 2013 we got CryptoLocker which made us much more concerned about ransomware. At this point, entire cities can be taken down with targeted, very specific attacks. The money made from Wannacry in 2017 might or might not have helped developed North Korean missiles. And this is how these things have evolved. First they were kids, then criminal organizations saw an opening. I remember seeing those types trying to recruit young hax0rs at DefCon 12. Then governments got into it and we get into our modern era of “cyberwarfare.” Today, people like Park Jin Hyok are responsible for targeted attacks causing billions of dollars worth of damage.  Mobile attacks were up 54% year over year, another reason vendors like Apple and Google keep evolving the security features of their operating systems. Criminals will steal an estimated 33 billion records in 2023. 60 million Americans have been impacted by identity theft. India, Japan, and Taiwan are big targets as well. The cost of each breach at a company is now estimated to have an average cost of nearly 8 million dollars in the United States, making this about financial warfare. But it's not all doom and gloom. Wars in cyberspace between nation states, most of us don't really care about that. What we care about is keeping malware off our computers so the computers don't run like crap and so unsavory characters don't steal our crap. Luckily, that part has gotten easier than ever. 

Why Dave Decided to talk with Myles Clifford about Affiliate Marketing: With ClickFunnels rolling out their new One Funnel Away Challenge, Dave thought it would be a great idea to let us all in on the secrets and tips of Affiliate Marketing. He is joined today by Mr. Myles Clifford, a fellow ClickFunnels employee. Dave and Myles talk about ClickFunnels’ sticky cookies if you decide to become an affiliate for us and tons of useful tips and tricks for your own affiliate work. Listen to hear just how important (and simple) it is to publish content about your journey. Others want to hear your story and journey and affiliate marketing could just be the vehicle in which you tell this story. Tips and Tricks for You and Your Business: (1:07) Do You Really Know How Affiliate Marketing Can Not Only Help Your Bank Account, But Also Your Own Business? (1:48) What ClickFunnels’ Affiliate Marketing Will Look Like This Year (7:00) How Sticky Are Your Cookies? (FYI These Aren’t Your Grandmama’s Cookies) (9:15) Russell Has Written Your Swipe Copy...No This is Not a Fantasy (15:30) Publish for Leads (16:48) Document Your Journey Quotable Moments: "The whole idea about affiliate marketing is to learn about marketing and become a great marketer. Then you can use whatever business, product, or service and bring it into that." "When you’re marketing, you have to understand copy and you have to understand traffic." "Document Your Journey. That’s the most important thing, you don’t have to come up with content. Just document your journey." Important Episode Links: AffiliateBootcamp.comFunnelHackingLive.com FunnelHackerRadio.com FunnelHackerRadio.com/freetrial FunnelHackerRadio.com/dreamcar ---Transcript--- Speaker 1:       00:00           Welcome to funnel hacker radio podcast, where we go behind the scenes and uncover the tactics and strategies top entrepreneurs are using to make more sales, dominate their markets, and how you can get those same results. Here's your host, Dave Woodward.   Speaker 2:       00:17           Hey everybody. Welcome back to funnel hacker radio. This is gonna be a fun episode. I have the opportunity of having Mr Myles Clifford in the house with me. Great episode. I'm excited to be here. We're going to cover a lot of different topics today, but they're all going to be surrounded around affiliate marketing. They've asked me to do this because we love affiliate marketing. We love our affiliates and we're going to and tell you what's coming up and how you guys can go out and crush it as an affiliate for clickfunnels or for others as well. So yeah, let's jump right into this. All right, so for a lot of you guys are kind of understand or trying to figure out how do I actually get started making money online? That seems to be one of the biggest things we run across our first year. There's a lot of people who are out there saying, gosh, I'd love to make more money this year. Speaker 2:       00:54           How can I do it? So one of the things, I'm going to do a podcast here real quick with Julie Coyne and we'll be talking to her with regard to agencies and how you can create your own agency. That's great. And all the one thing, both an agency as well as a affiliate marketing have in common. And that is you don't have to have your own product. And that's the main thing that miles I want to talk to you about is too often we have a lot of people think they wanna start making money online, but they spend all their time trying to create a product that they don't even know if it's going to sell. So the whole idea behind affiliate marketing is to learn about marketing and to become a great marketer. And then you can go ahead and you can use whatever type of business or product or service you want to bring into that. Speaker 2:       01:33           So what the hell? That said, I'm one talk to you about some of the things that are inside of our affiliate marketing program, how it works, how did the commission's work, what is it? Sticky cookie, why is that important to you? And more importantly, what are the actual products and services that we have coming up? So what's the first one we in launching this year? So the first one we have launching this year is our one funnel away challenge. And if you know clickfunnels, you know we usually do 40 percent recurring commissions and 40 percent commissions on other products that people purchase, which by the way, so what is recurring commissions? Commissions. Yeah. So if someone signs up for click funnels, you're going to get 40 percent of what they pay each month. So if someone's paying $97 a month to use click funnels and they signed up through your affiliate link, you're going to get 40 percent of that each and every month. Speaker 2:       02:15           So it's not just a one time thing. You're not just making $38 and eighty cents one time, you're making $38 and eighty cents every stinkin month, which adds up. You get 10 people sign up, you're making $380, $88, I don't know math very well, but you make $388 a month and get 10 people sign up for clickfunnels. You double that triple that. Like people have quit their jobs just getting others to sign up for clickfunnels. But. So that's, that's, you know, we'll get into that here in a minute. But the first thing we have launching is the one funnel away challenge. And not only are we paying commissions on it, we're paying actually 100 percent commissions on it. So it's $100 to join the one funnel away challenge. So for every person you get to join that, you're going to make 100 bucks. You have a mother who wants to, you know, everyone's setting your goals, like Dave just said. Speaker 2:       02:57           So people are trying to find ways to make money online, supplemented income or pay for the car payment every single month. If you can get just a few people to sign up for the one funnel away challenge, that's a few hundred dollars in your pocket. So what exactly is the one funnel? A challenge. What do they get for 100 bucks? How's all that work together? So we, we, we did this back in September and it was attached to a different product, but it was. We have Steven Larsen who, man, he should be in here because he's the, I think he said one of the Kings of affiliate marketing. Right now you have Steven Larsen, Julie Stuart, and Russell Brunson. And for 30 days they're going to take you by the hand and not only going to take you by the hand, they're going to prod you from behind. They're gonna push that sound. Speaker 2:       03:33           They're going to just push you like crazy a cut that out real fast from behind. Make sure you cut that out. Listen to this. What's his name? Uh, Scott. Cut that out. So not only are you going to, okay now Russell and Julie and Steven coaching you, they're going to be pushing you along through your, I guess click funnels during. They're going to help you figure out a product or an offer. It doesn't have to be your own product and we're going to go through that, but they're going to tell you what you need to do, how to use click funnels, how to build. Man, that whole thing threw me off. Sorry, the prod from behind. So the funnel of again, Speaker 3:       04:10           so guys, what's going to happen here is you get the opportunity to sign up for one funnel, a challenge, and what they get is as miles was talking to you about it, they get a 30 day challenge and you'll probably see these challenges that really become one of the major things that have built a lot of the weight loss industry and the industry. We're seeing the same thing taking place inside of coaching programs in internet marketing. One of the great things about the challenge is they're going to get daily content. So what happens here is Russell went over and basically gives a 10,000 foot level. Julie came in and said, okay, let's take that 10,000 foot level and break it down into daily actionable steps and then steven actually comes on on a daily basis and he's going to actually help people understand exactly what they need to do every single day and give them encouragement and motivation to make sure they get lily take action to get that done. The reason this is important to you is what you're gonna find in your group and the people that you're working with Speaker 3:       05:05           is people these days. They feel like they get just information overload. And so the way that we've kind of combat that information overload is to literally say, stop looking at everything else. Pay attention for the next 30 days and literally do each and every little tiny step. And that's the whole idea behind the one funnel with challenge. Now what they're going to pay for the hundred dollars, $100 bucks gives them an actual hard bound book of the 30 days plan. And this is where we went through in September, is miles referring to you and actually contacted 100 of our top two comma club award winners, 30 them submitted their actual plans, meaning if you were to lose absolutely everything and all you had was click funnels and your marketing knowledge, what would you do to get back on top and the next 30 days and they literally created a page by page action item and it Louise over 550 pages. Speaker 3:       05:53           They get that hard bound book. In addition to that, they also get an MP three, the MP three player has all the content of the last challenge so they can start listening to that in advance and getting that done. They get a map literally is a step by step what they're going to do over the next 30 days to actually make sure this takes place. They get invited into part of our mighty network group, which is a community where they can now work with others and actually have accountability partners to make sure they actually make things happen over the course of the next 30 days. For us, the whole idea here is we want to make sure that anybody you're promoting this out to get massive value, you will find we will over deliver on this product more so than anything else. As miles mentioned, we asked, you're paying 100 percent commission. Speaker 3:       06:31           We've never ever done this before until we get it in September and had over 7,500 people sign up. We gave out at $75,000 in commissions. We expect this time to be somewhere between 100,000, $150,000 in commissions directly to you. What want to do is to make sure that you're actually getting value out of this and so they, whenever they sign up, that hundred bucks goes directly to you. We don't get anything. We actually lose money on this deal. One thing smiles mentioned though is it sets a sticky cookie for you. So what the heck is a sticky cooking? Why would that be important to me to listening? Speaker 2:       07:00           Alright, so a sticky cookie. This is where it's important. As we talked about, you get recurring commissions or you make 40 percent or in this case, under our CPA, so somebody signs up for the one funnel away, challenge through your affiliate link when they purchase something going forward, whether that's another book or another training program, or they sign up for click funnels because they're going to be encouraged to during the week challenge, you're going to get the commissions for that. So they are therefore sticky cookie to your affiliate id or their sticky cookie to you. Meaning anytime they buy something, anytime they sign up for something, you're going to get the commissions for those products or for those services. So that's huge because really you promote one time to somebody and then they're kind of your customer forever. So you're going to make that money. You know, obviously they're not buying from you, but once you get them sign up through your affiliate link, they're yours. Speaker 3:       07:47           So one of the great things about that is we actually do a lot of our own email promotions and marketing on the back end. So if we send out any emails, we never send an affiliate links with that. So if they click on that link, whoever the last affiliate was, they clicked on being you. You didn't get the missions on any additional products. The reason this is super important to you is this next year, our whole focus is just going to be on creating front end products. So right now if you were take a look at their certain, first of all miles, they want to sign up for an affiliate or if they're already aren't they like how do they check their stats? Where do they go to get that? Oh, Speaker 2:       08:16           well if you go to, what's your dream car.com. If you're not an affiliate yet, go to what's your dream car.com and sign up to become an affiliate if you already are. That's where you can check your dashboards, grabbed the other affiliate links, because we. If you go into that dashboard and it's been a while since you've been in there, you can see that we have a ton of different products. David was just talking about different front end products and we're going to be adding more and that's just ways to get people into click funnels into Russel Brunson into this realm and world where they can just continue to purchase more things, but then also continue to grow and learn and then that means they have more money to purchase and grow, and so it's just an amazing thing for you guys. So go to what's your dream car.com. Sign up to become an affiliate if you aren't already. If you are an affiliate already, go grab some of your links and are sharing Speaker 3:       08:58           so it doesn't cost you anything to become an affiliate, which is awesome because the whole idea here is there's no way you can lose on this deal. In addition to that, we're going to be rolling out this year, our new affiliate bootcamp you can get. You can go to bootcamp right now and still get a bunch of training. We're going to revamp that probably in April or May and, uh, put some additional stuff in there. So realize as an affiliate, you don't need any products. All you need is marketing knowhow, so affiliate bootcamp is actually where you are to get the knowledge. What's your dream car? Dot Com is where you can get the links, plus you also get swipe copy, so minus what is swipe copy. Speaker 2:       09:30           Swipe copy is done for you, so if they were to create swipe copy for this podcast, he would have handed me a sheet that I would read everything off and I wouldn't have to think on my own. I can literally just copy it and it would be done for you. So you have swipe copy where you copy it, put it into your email autoresponder, and we literally like. I don't know if you know this, Russell Brunson may be one of the world's greatest marketers and copywriters. He's written that swipe copy, so you're getting Russell Brunson to write your swipe copy and you just send it out and it's done for you. So that's already done for you. There's a graphics and images that you can use as well, so we've provided as much as we can for you so you don't have to do a lot of that label. If you don't have to write the email, if you don't have to create assets or images and things like that, you can go into the affiliate dashboard and grab those. They're done for you. Speaker 3:       10:14           Yeah, they're awesome. Part is you don't have to worry about the funnel because the funnels already been created that swipe copy of those links. They lead to the funnel. Once they're in the funnel, they get the top of the funnel where they basically entered their email address in. As miles mentioned earlier. You get sticky cookies to them and as long as no other affiliate promotes them directly, they don't click on the field. It's like you're going to get any additional commissions. Uh, the other great thing about it is, as you first get started going online, the key here is to learn marketing. So I highly recommend that you go ahead and you actually read through the email copy, understand the copy. You can, obviously you can change it, you can add to it, uh, but the copies there to give you a template or something to at least get started with. Speaker 3:       10:51           Realize that when you first get started in affiliate marketing, your only focus is to learn how to drive traffic and to learn how to continue to write copy. Those are the two things that matter most. So one of the things I always recommend is if you want to get better at writing copy funnel scripts is probably the best tool I can think of to actually do that. It's 500 bucks. Basically buy it for the year and it literally writes your copy's for you, meaning you type in a couple of, uh, it's kind of like fill in the blank and then fills out an entire email copy for you, gives you subject lines and gives you a ton of subject lines. It's not just one, I don't know how many Jim Edwards has in there, but every time you do it, you get a ton of different headlines. You also get a different email copy and you have to understand this is all, even though it's computer generated, this is from the best of the best of the best copywriters over the last hundred plus years where Jim went out and he literally took all of the copy secrets and all the things that Gary Halbert and all the other amazing copywriters have written over the last hundred hundred 50 years and that now is in software where you fill in the blanks. Speaker 3:       11:53           It literally creates all of your emails. It creates all of your subject lines. It actually will do podcast for you. It'll do webinars, powerpoint, I mean it does a ton. I'm just talking. When you're learning marketing, you have to understand copy and you have to understand traffic. So as far as traffic, we typically recommend the best places to start off is with facebook and in affiliate bootcamp there. John Parks who runs all of our traffic for us, I think he's got what, three or four modules on trees. Facebook tracking does. He does three or four in there. Miles, if they want to learn additional things as far as the market, what else can we provide to them? Speaker 2:       12:23           So I mean first and foremost is the best way for you is if you're promoting these products, make sure you have them as well. Like if you're going to promote the expert secrets book, make sure you've gone through that book and studied it and the Dotcom secrets book because you can't tell people what kind of values can provide until you realize the kind of value that's in those books or in the different products and programs, right? Um, and I want to reemphasize what Dave said about funnel scripts. That is, you know, as you go through and it generates all these headlines and copy as you see that you begin to see patterns in the way people respond to different ads and different headlines, different topics as you use that. You'll see, okay, these, these are what's working, and then it's going to be embedded in your mind. Speaker 2:       13:03           You're not going to have to rely on that. Although we use it all the time, but it's absolutely amazing. It is a shortcut to create or the best copy out there, but there's a ton. So if you're not already in affiliate bootcamp, I recommend going and using that like they've just been afraid. I feel like bootcamp.com. Yeah, it's 100 percent free. I would go dive into that right now and as Dave mentioned, we're revamping it. So take advantage of what's there right now, but then you'll definitely want to go back and take advantage of it when we revamped. It's going to be absolutely incredible. I'm so giddy for that. It's going to be an incredible. There's, I mean there's a ton of other things out there. Dave, do we want to send them other places like we watch them back to her book. So there's a book that we read here in the office to help all of us, um, you know, master this craft of marketing in the book is called great leads. Uh, it's all about writing copy, creating headlines, the different audiences you want to talk to, whether they're really aware of the product or not aware at all. How would you write to those different audiences? Speaker 2:       13:56           If you want any help, we have a ton of different courses. We have traffic secrets that you can use, obviously that's in the affiliate bootcamp, but do you want to learn hundreds and hundreds of different ways to drive traffic to your site or to different products? Traffic Secrets is they're obviously expert secrets, you know, building a tribe. You can do that on facebook.com secrets. It's all about how to use funnels and utilize them so that the three things that we have is affiliate bootcamp. Obviously, it's absolutely incredible. The paintings is expert secrets.com secrets funnel scripts. Uh, we have. I wish Tenex secrets was still open, but it's not. I'm sorry guys. We have the one funnel away challenge, like, that's going to be incredible. I think that is worth every penny, especially for you guys. If you're just getting into this and you want to start making money online, invest in one funnel away challenged. Have Steven Julian, Russell take you by the hand to show you what you need to do to create income and to sell your own product, but more importantly to sell other people's products. That's how a of people get started and that's how I got started in entrepreneurship. That's how Steven got started in entrepreneurship, like affiliate marketing is the way is kind of that gateway drug to entrepreneurship. If you asked me, Speaker 3:       15:00           I love it, so guys understand the most important thing for you right now is to learn marketing and the best way to learn marketing is actually to go out and start marketing other products and services and that's what affiliate marketing is all about. We have the facebook, the facebook of group where you can post comments and questions in there were pretty active and they're responding to questions. Their affiliate bootcamp.com, and by all means one funnel. A challenge I think is probably as miles said, is if you really want to get started, it's probably the best hundred bucks you will ever spend a. you'll get a ton of value out of it and most importantly, as miles mentioned, I'm a huge believer in the fact that the best way to promote things is to actually already bought it, used it, consumed it. Then you know what they're getting and you're not just saying, well, I heard this might work. Speaker 3:       15:44           The last thing I want to make mention of, and that's the importance of publishing and we always talk about building a list and you can either build, either work your way in or you buy your way in and you can just spend a whole bunch of money trying to buy your way in as far as creating a list, which again, if you've got some extra money, I highly recommend that you do that. The other thing is you can basically work your way in and that's by literally just spending the time going out and publishing. So miles, any publishing secrets are ticked. Speaker 2:       16:09           Tips that you recommend I would publish as often as possible. I think Dave as well, we find this correlation when I'm publishing a lot more on instagram or facebook, that's when people are reaching out to me and asked me, hey, what are you doing? Tell me about clickfunnels. Tell me about this, and it's literally three traffic to me. People are reaching out to me for my affiliate links or you know, that's how I'm making money. There's a correlation between the more that you publish, the more people are going to see you and see what you're doing and be interested in asking for help and asking for guidance. Know, no matter where you're at on your path, there's someone who's a few steps behind you and they're looking up to you and if you can provide that value to them, they're going to follow you and believe it or not, they're going to purchase through your affiliate link because you're providing value to them. Speaker 2:       16:49           Uh, it's the same with me like Russell Brunson. Uh, that's how I, you know, I looked up to him and I still look up to him and now I'm following everything that he does. Like I'm following his facebook and instagram. So publish as often as possible as Steven Martin says, publish, publish your face off because whether it's a podcast, facebook, instagram, youtube, you know, whatever is best for you. What if you hate writing, then podcast. If you hate talking, then then, right? So just get out there, document your journey, that's the most part. You don't have to come up with content, document what you're doing, other people want to see what you're doing and they want to follow you. So that's my advice is just document Gary v says at Russell, says it, Steven says it, just document what you're doing because people aren't interested. If people want to follow somebody, Speaker 3:       17:30           I love it. So we're going to end on that note as far as document your journey. So if you're just getting starting to feel it, marketing, there's nothing better than documenting that journey because other people are gonna fall behind you and you'll find that your linkedin, everything else, they get clicked on overtime. So document the journey. Again, if you're a writer, that means you're gonna. Write a blog. Steven [inaudible], who is our very first number one affiliate, he did all his through blogs and so write a blog and that for him was how he liked to publish. If you have a preferred to speaking, audio is great. Start a podcast, a anchor dot FM is probably easiest. Fast way of getting started. Were you living when you record push play and it's done and you don't have to worry about all the post editing stuff that a lot of our team best for miles and I on this podcast, so podcast is a huge thing from an audio standpoint as mentioned as far as facebook live, instagram stories, all those things are ways of getting your, of your video and your voice and your face out there and then obviously be saved. Speaker 3:       18:25           They can put on youtube and you can then start building up a whole long history on youtube as well. So the key this year, I hope, if nothing else is learn how to market and learn how to publish. Any other parting words? Speaker 2:       18:37           No, I think that's 100 percent right because you know this one, the only challenge is a great thing, but we have so many other amazing things coming this year. Make sure you guys are prepared for those because it's going to be just incredible and an opportunity for you to learn as a marketer and as an entrepreneur and to make some really good money as an affiliate marketer. So hopefully you guys enjoyed this episode. I'm dave and I were just been so excited about what's coming up this year and we want to make sure our affiliates are ready to go and if you're just getting into it, reach out to us on facebook, you know, getting that Avenger's group start asking questions. There's a lot of experience affiliates in there and they're willing to help. They're willing to share that information and you guys go hit at art and we're looking forward to a huge 2019 like we're trying to tame myself. But it's gonna be an amazing 2019. Thanks for listening everybody. Speaker 3:       19:24           Happy New Year everyone. Again, we'll hope to see you at funnel hacking live and for some reason you have not bought your ticket. I don't know why that would be. What are you doing? Why haven't you bought it yet? For some reason you haven't got to funnel hacking live.com. Get your tickets. Come see miles. And I had funnel hacking live and tell us that you heard the podcast, you liked it, and that you're basically an affiliate marketer and uh, can't wait to get started if you didn't like it. Still come to funnel hacking live. Just don't talk to us. Okay? Just kidding. No, don't talk to us. We'll see if funnel hacking live. Everybody. Take care. Speaker 4:       19:54           Hey everybody. Thank you so much for taking the time to listen to the podcast. If you don't mind, could you please share this with others, rate and review this podcast on itunes. It means the world to me. We're trying to get to as a million downloads here in the next few months and just crush through over $650,000 and I just want to get the next few 100,000 so we can get to a million downloads and see really what I can do to help improve and, and get this out to more people at the same time. If there's a topic, there's something you'd like me to share or someone you'd like me to interview by means, just reach out to me on facebook. You can pm me and I'm more than happy to take any of your feedback as well as if people you'd like me to interview. I'm more than happy to reach out and have that conversation with you so again, can go to itunes rate and review this, share this podcast with others, and let me know how else I can improve this or what I can do to Speaker 5:       20:41           to make this better for you guys. Thanks.

In 2009 and 2010, the FBI uncovered evidence that Russian nuclear industry officials were pursuing a campaign of bribery, extortion and corruption of U.S. nuclear contractors and government officials, possibly including then-Secretary of State Hillary Clinton. The Russians did this to ensure the federal government’s approval of a partial sale of Uranium One, a Canadian uranium mining company, to Rosatom, a titan of the Russian nuclear industry. The deal was approved by the Obama administration in 2015 amidst waves of criticism. If the FBI knew about the scheme, how and why in the world was this deal approved? The dogged reporting on this story by John Solomon and Alison Spann of The Hill led Senator Chuck Grassley (R-Iowa), chairman of the Senate Judiciary Committee, to create a formal investigation. Solomon joined Rick Ungar and Michael Steele to discuss this bombshell story. John Dean, former White House counsel to President Nixon, and Jim Robenalt, an expert on the ethics and history of Watergate, review how President Trump and Nixon stack up at the 10-month mark.

A healthy tendon makes movement and motion easy and pain free. When tendons are damaged, movement can be very painful. The Tenex TX treatment removes the source of pain, which is scarred and damaged tissue, without disturbing the surrounding healthy tissue.Interventional radiologists at Bryan Medical Center introduced this innovative treatment to Nebraska and continue to offer the region’s highest level of experience with the Tenex TX treatment to relieve tendon pain.The Tenex TX treatment takes less than 20 minutes with a quick recovery time.Michael Budler, MD is here to explain the Tenex TX treatment.

The Tenex Health Technique is a non-invasive, outpatient procedure that effectively treats tennis elbow, plantar fasciitis, bone spurs and other issues leading to chronic joint and tendon pain. Ultrasound technology guides a probe that removes diseased tissue from tendons. The benefits are many: The procedure can be done in the doctor’s office, healing times are much shorter than traditional surgical techniques, no scarring and long-lasting results.Listen in as Dr. Thomas Plut is here as one of the first doctors in the region to offer this technique.

Steve Blank, lecturer Haas School of Business UCB. He has been a entrepreneur in Silicon Valley since the 1970s. He has been teaching and developing curriculum for entrepreneurship training. Built a method for high tech startups, the Lean LaunchPad.TranscriptSpeaker 1: Spectrum's next. Speaker 2: Okay. Speaker 3: [inaudible].Speaker 1: Welcome to spectrum the science and technology show on k a [00:00:30] l x Berkeley, a biweekly 30 minute program bringing you interviews, featuring bay area scientists and technologists as well as a calendar of local events and news [inaudible]. Speaker 4: Hi, and good afternoon. My name is Brad Swift. I'm the host of today's show. Today we present part one of two interviews with Steve Blank, a lecturer at the Haas School of business at UC Berkeley. Steve has been a serial entrepreneur in silicon valley since the late 1970s [00:01:00] see if you recognize any of these companies. He was involved with Xylog convergent technologies, MIPS, computer, ardent, super Mack, rocket science games and epiphany. In 1999 Steve Retired from day to day involvement in running a company since 2002 he has been teaching and developing curriculum for entrepreneurship training. By 2011 he was said to have devised [00:01:30] the scientific method for launching high tech startups, dubbed the Lean launch pad. In part one Steve Talks about his beginnings, the culture of Silicon Valley, the intersection of science, technology, finance, and business. Steve Blank, welcome to spectrum. Oh, thanks for having me. I wanted to find out from you how it is you got started as an entrepreneur. What attracted you to that? Speaker 5: He's probably the military. I, uh, spent four years in the air [00:02:00] force during Vietnam and a year and a half in Southeast Asia. And then when I came back to the United States, I worked on a B, 52 bombers in the strategic air command. And I finally years later understood the difference between working in a crisis organization, which was in a war zone where almost anything was acceptable to get the job done versus an execution organization that was dealing with mistakes. Men dropping a 20 megaton nuclear weapon where you process and procedure was actually imperative. And it turned [00:02:30] out I was much better in the organizations that required creativity and agility and tenacity and resilience. And I never understood that I was getting the world's best training for entrepreneurship. I went back to school in Ann Arbor and managed to get thrown out the second time in my life out of University of Michigan. Speaker 5: I call that the best school I was ever thrown out of a Michigan state was the next best school where it was a premed. And then, um, I was sent out to silicon valley. I was working as a field service engineer and what I didn't realize two years later was 16% [00:03:00] startup to bring up a computer system in a place called San Jose. And San Jose was so unknown that my admin got us tickets for San Jose, Puerto Rico until I said, I think it's not out of the country. I came out there to do a job to install a process control system. I thought it was some kind of joke is that there were 45 pages of advertisements in the newspaper at the time for scientists, engineers, et cetera. And I flew back and quit, got a job at my first startup in Silicon Valley [00:03:30] and subsequently I did eight of them in 21 years. Speaker 5: What were some of the ones that stand out out of the eight? You know, I had some great successes. There were four IPOs out of the eight, I'd say one or two. I had something to do with the others. I was just kinda standing there when the safe fell on the guy in front of me and the money dropped down and I got to pick it up. But honestly, in hindsight, and I can now say this only in hindsight, I learned the most from some of the failures though I wouldn't tell you why I wanted to learn that at the time, but failing [00:04:00] and failing hard when it was absolutely clear it was your fault and no one else's forced me to go through the stages of denial and then blame others and then whatever. And then acceptance and then ultimately kind of some real learning about how to build early stage ventures. Speaker 5: You know, I blew my Nixon last company, I was on the cover of wired magazine and 90 days after the cover I realized my company was going out of business and eventually did. And I called my mother who was a Russian immigrant and every time I spoke to my mother I [00:04:30] had to pause because English wasn't her first language. And you know, I'd say something and pause and then she'd say something back and pause. And whenever I said, mom, I lost 35 million hours, pause. And then she said, where'd you put it? I said, no, no, no mom, I'm calling you to tell you none of them was 30 I didn't even get the next sentence out. Cause then she went, oh my gosh, she wants $35 million. We can't even change your name. It's already plank. And then she started thinking about it and she said, and the country we came from [00:05:00] is gone. Speaker 5: There's no fast to go. I said, no, no mom though. What I'm trying to tell you is that the people gave me $35 million, just give me another $12 million to do the next startup. And it was in comprehensible because what I find when I talked to foreign visitors to silicon valley or to any entrepreneurial cluster, you know, we have a special name for failed entrepreneur in Silicon Valley. Do you know what it is? Experienced? It's a big idea in the u s around entrepreneurial clusters, failure equals experience. [00:05:30] People don't ask you if you change your name or have to leave town or you're going to go bankrupt, et cetera. The first thing your best friend will ask you is, so what's your next startup? That's an amazing part of this culture that we've built here and that's what happened to me. My last startup, I returned $1 billion each to those two investors and it's not a story about me, it's a story about the ecosystem that we live in that's both supremely American and supremely capitalists, but also Sir Pulliam clustered in just [00:06:00] a few locations in the United States where there are clear reasons why one succeeded to some fail. Speaker 5: You know, when I retired from my last one, I decided that after eight startups in 21 years, my company was about to go public and my kids were seven and eight years old at the time and luckily we had children when I was in my late thirties and so therefore I got to watch people I admired incredibly at work, watch how they dealt with their families. And what was surprising [00:06:30] is that most of them had feet of clay when it came to home. They basically focused 100% of their efforts at work and as their kids grew up, their kids hated them. I kind of remember that in the back of my head, and so when I had the opportunity to retire, I said, I want to watch my kids grow up. And so I did. And that's a preambled answer your question. That's at the end. Speaker 5: For the first time in my life, my head wasn't down completely inside trying to execute in a single company. I had a chance to reflect on [00:07:00] the 21 years and believe it or not, I started to write my memoirs and I got, you know what I realize now in hindsight, it was actually an emotional catharsis of kind of purging. What did I learn? And I asked, it was 80 pages into it writing. He was a vignette and I would write lessons learned from each of those experiences and what I realized truly the hair was standing up and back of my neck. On page 80 there was a pattern I had never recognized in my career and I realized no one else had recognized [00:07:30] it either and either I was very wrong or there might be some truth and here was the pattern in silicon valley since the beginning we had treated startups like they were smaller versions of large companies. Speaker 5: Everything a large company did. The investment wisdom was, well they write business plans, you write business plans, they organize sales, marketing and Bizdev and you do that. They write our income statement, balance sheet and cashflow and do five year plans and then you do that too. Never noticing that. In fact that distinction, and no one had ever said this [00:08:00] before, what large companies do is execute known business models and the emphasis is on execution, on process. What a known business model means is we know who our customer is, we know how to sell it, we know who competitors are. We know what pride in an existing company it's existing cause somebody in the dim past figured that stuff out. But what a startup is doing is not executing. You think you're executing. That's what they told you to go do, but reality you failed most of the time because you were actually searching [00:08:30] for something. Speaker 5: You were just guessing in front of my students here at Berkeley and at Stanford I used the word, you have a series of hypotheses that are untested, but that's a fancy word for you're just guessing. And so the real insight was somebody needed to come up with a set of tools for startups that were different than the tools that were being taught on how to run and manage existing corporations. And that tool set in distinction at the turn of the century didn't exist. That is 1999 [00:09:00] there was not even a language to describe what I just said and I decided to embark on building the equivalent of the management stack that large corporations have for founders and early stage ventures. Speaker 6: Mm, Speaker 7: [00:09:30] yeah. Speaker 8: You are listening to spectrum on k a l x Berkeley. Steve Blank is our guest. He is an entrepreneur and lecturer at the hospital of business. In the next segment of your talks about collaborating with the National Science Foundation Speaker 9: [inaudible].Speaker 4: [00:10:00] So when you're advising scientists and engineers who think they might be interested in trying to do a startup, what do you tell them they need to know about business and business people? Okay. Speaker 5: It's funny you mentioned scientists and engineers because I didn't know too many years in my career. I mean I sold to them as customers, [00:10:30] but in the last three or four years I got to know some of the top scientists in the u s for a very funny experience. Can I tell you what happened? It turned out that this methodology, I've been talking about how to build startups efficiently with customer development and agile engineering and one other piece called the business model canvas. This theory ended up being called the lean startup. One of my students, Eric Reese and I had actually invested in his company and then actually made him sit for my class at Berkeley because his cofounder, [00:11:00] the lost my money last time I invested. I said, no, no, sit through my class. And of course his co founder was slow to get it, but Eric got it in a second, but came the first practitioner of customer development, the first lean startup practitioner in the world. Speaker 5: Eric got it so much he became the Johnny Appleseed of the idea. In fact, it was actually Ericson side, the customer development. Then agile development went together and he named it the lean startup. But even though we had this theory, the practice was really kind of hard. It was like liking the furniture and Ikea until you got the pieces at home [00:11:30] and then realized it was Kinda hard to assemble. So I decided to do is take the pieces and teach entrepreneurs in a way they have never been taught before on how to start a company. Now this requires a two minutes sidebar. Can I give you? It turns out one of the other thing that I've been involved with is entrepreneurial education as I teach here at Haas, but I also teach at Stanford at UCF and a Columbia, but entrepreneurship used to be kind of a province, mostly of business schools and we used [00:12:00] to teach entrepreneurs just like they were accountants. Speaker 5: No one ever noticed that accountants don't run startups. It's a big idea. No one ever noticed. That's the g. We don't teach artists that way and we don't teach brain surgeons that way. That is sit in the class, read these cases like you were in the law school and somehow you'll get smarter and know how to be an operating CEO of an early stage venture. Now with this, you have to understand that when I was an entrepreneur, rapacious was applied word to describe my behavior and my friends who knew me as an entrepreneur [00:12:30] would laugh when they realized that was an educator and say, Steve, you were born entrepreneur. You knew you can't teach entrepreneurship. You can't be taught. You were born that way. Now since I was teaching entrepreneurship, this set of somewhat of a conundrum in my head, and I pondered this for a couple of years until I realized it's the question everybody asks, but it was the wrong question. Speaker 5: Of course you could teach entrepreneurship. The question is that we've never asked is who can you teach it to and that once you frame the question that way you start [00:13:00] slapping your forehead because you realize that founders of companies, they're not like accountants or MBAs. I mean they were engineers, they might be by training and background, but founders, visionaries, they're closer to artists than anybody else in the world and we now know how to teach artists for the last 500 years since the renaissance. How do we teach artists what we teach them theory, but then we immerse them in experiential practice until they're blue in the face or the hands fall off or they never want to look at another [00:13:30] brusher instrument or write another novel again in their life. We just beat them to death as apprentices, but we get their hands dirty or brain surgeons. Speaker 5: You have, they go to school, but there's no way you'd ever want to go to a doctor who hadn't cracked open chest or skulls or whatever or a surgeon, but we were teaching entrepreneurship like somehow you could read it from the book. My class at Stanford was one of the first experiential, hands-on, immersive float body experience and I mean immersive is that basically [00:14:00] we train our teams in theory that they're going to frame hypotheses with something called the business model canvas from a very smart guide named Alexander Osterwalder. They were going to test those hypotheses by getting outside the building outside the university, outside their lab, outside of anywhere and talk. I bought eyeball to 10 to 15 customers a week. People they've never met and start validating or invalidating those hypotheses and they were going to in parallel build as much of the product as [00:14:30] they can with this iterative and incremental development using agile engineering, whether it was hardware or software or medical device, it doesn't matter. Speaker 5: I want you to start building this thing and also be testing that. Now, this worked pretty well for 20 and 22 year olds students with hoodies and flip flops. But it was open question. If this would work with scientists and engineers, and about three years ago I was driving on campus and I got a call and then went like this, hi Steve, you don't know me. My name is heirarchical lick. I'm the head of the National Science Foundation [00:15:00] SBR program. We're from the U s government. We're calling you because we need your help. And because I was still a little bit of a jerk, I said, the government got my help during Vietnam. I'm not giving it an anymore. And he went, no, no, no, no. We're talking about your class. I went, how do you know about my class? They said, well, you've clogged every session of it. Speaker 5: And I just tend to open source everything I do, which is a luxury I have, not being a tenured professor, you know, I, I think giving back to our community is one of the things that silicon valley excels [00:15:30] at. And I was mentored and tutored by people who gave back. And so therefore since I can't do it, I give back by open sourcing almost everything I do. If I learn it and my slides are out there and I write about it and I teach them. And so I was sharing the experiences of teaching this first class. I didn't realize there were 25 people at the National Science Foundation following every class session. And I didn't even know who the National Science Foundation was. And I had to explain what Steve, we give away $7 billion [00:16:00] a year. We're the group that funds all basic science in universities in the u s where we're on number two to the National Institute of Health, which is the largest funder of medical and research in the u s and that's great. Speaker 5: So why are you calling? We want you to do this class for the government. I said, for the government, and I thought, you guys just fund bigger. He said, no, we're, we're under a mandate from theU s congress. All research organizations is that if any scientist wants to commercialize their basic research, we have programs called the spr and STTR programs that [00:16:30] give anywhere from $500,000 in the first phase or up to three quarters of a million dollars in phase two or more for scientists who want to build companies. Well, why are you calling me? And they're all nicely said, well thank God Congress doesn't actually ask how well those teams are doing. And I said, what do you mean? He said, well, we're essentially giving away cars without requiring drivers Ed and you can imagine the results. And I said, okay, but what did you see in what I'm doing? Speaker 5: He said, Steve, you've invented the scientific [00:17:00] method for entrepreneurship. We want you to teach scientists. They already know the scientific method. Our insight here is they'll get what you're doing in a second. You just need to teach them how to do it outside the building. And so within 90 days I've got a bunch of my VC friends, John Fiber and Jim Horton follow and a Jerry angle and a bunch of others. And we put together a class for the national science foundation as a prototype. They got 25 teams headed up by principal investigators in material science and robotics and computer science and fluidics and teams [00:17:30] of three from around the country. And we put them through this 10 week process and we trained scientists how to get outside the building and test hypotheses. And the results were spectacular. So much so that the NSF made it a permanent program. Speaker 5: I trained professors from Georgia tech and university of Michigan who then went off to train 15 other universities. It's now the third largest accelerator in the world. We just passed 300 teams of her best scientists. Well, let me exhale and tell you the next step, which really got interesting. This worked for [00:18:00] National Science Foundation, but I had said that this would never work for life sciences because life sciences therapeutics, cancer, dry. I mean, you know, you get a paper and sell nature and science and maybe 15 years later, you know, something happens and she, you know, what's the problem? If you cure cancer, you don't have a problem finding customers. But at the same time I've been saying this, you CSF, which is probably the leading biotech university in the world here in San Francisco, was chasing me to actually put on this class for them. And I kept saying, no, you don't [00:18:30] understand. Speaker 5: I say it doesn't work. And they said, Steve, we are the experts in this. We say it does. And finally they called my bluff and said, well, why don't you get out of the building with us and talk to some of the leading venture capitalists in this area who basically educated me that said, look, the traditional model of drug companies for Pharma has broken down. They're now looking for partnerships, Obamacare and the new healthcare laws have changed how reimbursement works. Digital health is an emerging field, you know, medical devices. Those economics have changed. So we decided [00:19:00] to hold the class for life sciences, which is really a misnomer. It was a class for four very distinct fields for therapeutics, diagnostics, devices, and digital health. How to use CSF in October, 2013 is an experiment. First we didn't know if anyone would be interested because I know like the NSF, we weren't going to pay the teams. Speaker 5: We were going to make them pay nominal tuition and GCSF and we were going after clinicians and researchers and they have day jobs. Well, surprisingly we had 78 teams apply for 25 slots and we took 26 [00:19:30] teams including Colbert Harris, who was the head of surgery of ucs, f y Kerrison, the inventor of fetal surgery. Two teams didn't even tell Genentech they were sneaking out at night taking the class as well. And the results, I have to tell you, I still smile when I talk about this, exceeded everybody's wildest expectations such that we went back to Washington, took the results to the National Institute of Health and something tells me that in 2014 the National Institute of Health will probably be the next major government organization to adopt [00:20:00] this class in this process. Again, none of this guarantees success and these are all gonna turn into winners. What it does is actually allow teams to fail fast, allows us to be incredibly effective about the amount of cash we spent because we could figure out where the mistakes are rather than just insisting that we're right, but we now have a process that we've actually tested. Speaker 5: Well, I got a call from the National Science Foundation about six months ago that said, Steve, we thought we tell you we need to stop the experiment. And I thought, why? [00:20:30] What do you mean? Well, we got some data back on the effectiveness of the class. He said, well, we didn't believe the numbers. You know us. We told you we've been running this SBI our program for 30 years and what happens to the teams who want to get funded after? It's kind of a double blind review. People don't know who they are. They review their proposals and they on average got funded 18% of the time. Teams that actually have taken this class get funded 60% of the time. I thought we might've improved effectiveness 10 20% but this is a 300% [00:21:00] now let's be clear. It wasn't. That was some liquidity event mode as they went public. Speaker 5: It was just a good precursor on a march to how much did they know about customers and channels and partners and product market fit, et Cetera, and for the first time somebody had actually instrumented the process. So much so that the national science foundation now requires anybody applying for a grant. It's no longer an option to get out of the building and talk to 30 customers before they could even show up at the conference to get funded. That was kind of the science side and that's still going on and [00:21:30] I'm kind of proud that we might've made a dent in how the government thinks for national science foundation stuff, commercialization and how the National Institute of Health might be thinking of what's called translational medicine, but running those are 127 clinicians and researchers through the f program was really kind of amazing. Speaker 2: [inaudible] [inaudible] [00:22:00] [inaudible] Speaker 8: spectrum is a public affairs show on k a l x Berkeley. Our guest is Steve Blank electrode at UC Berkeley's Haas School of business. In the next segment, he goes into more detail about the lean startup, also known as the lean launchpad Speaker 2: [00:22:30] [inaudible] [inaudible] Speaker 4: with your launchpad startup launchpad. Is that, Speaker 5: well, there's two things. The class is called the lean launchpad lean launch and the software [00:23:00] we built for the National Science Foundation and now we use in classes and for corporations it's called launchpad central. We've basically built software that for the first time allows us to manage and view the innovation process as we go. Think of it as salesforce.com which is sales automation tool for salespeople. We now have a tool for the first time for entrepreneurs and the people working with them and managing them and trying to keep track of them and we just crossed 3000 teams who are using the software and I [00:23:30] use it in everything I teach and dude, Speaker 4: how long does the class take for a scientist or engineer who might be trying to think about, well, what's the time sink here? Yeah, Speaker 5: there's a shock to the system version, which I taught at cal tech and now teach twice a year at Columbia, which is days, 10 hours a day. But the ones that we teach from national science foundation, one I teach at Stanford and Berkeley, Stanford, it's a quarter at Berkeley semester from the NSF. It depends. It's about an eight to 10 week class. You could do this over a period of time. There's no magic. [00:24:00] There is kind of the magic and quantity to people you talk to and it's just a law of numbers. You talk to 10 people, I doubt you're going to find any real insight in that data. It talked to a thousand people. You know, you're probably, if you still haven't found the repeatable pattern, probably 20 [inaudible] too many or Tenex, too many a hundred just seem to be kind of a good centroid. And what you're really looking for is what we call product market fit. Speaker 5: And there are other pieces of the business model that are important. But the first two things you're writing at is, are you building something [00:24:30] that people care about? Am I care about? I don't mean say, oh, that's nice. I mean is when you show it to them, do they grab it out of your hands or grab you by the collar and say you're not leaving until I can have this. Oh, and by the way, if you built the right thing or your ideas and the right place, you will find those people. That's not a sign of a public offering, but it's at least a sign that you're on the right track. Speaker 2: Okay. Speaker 3: [00:25:00] [inaudible] Speaker 8: be sure to catch part two of this interview with Steve Blank in two weeks on spectrum. [00:25:30] In that interview, Steve Talks more about the lean launch pad, the challenge of innovation, Speaker 10: modern commerce, the evolution of entrepreneurship and the pace of technology. Steve's website is a trove of information and resources. Go to Steve Blank, all one word.com Steve Aalto, I mentioned the lean launchpad course available Speaker 2: on you, Udacity. That's you. [00:26:00] udacity.com Speaker 8: spectrum shows are archived on iTunes university. We have created a simple link for you. The link is tiny url.com/k a l ex spectrum Speaker 2: [00:26:30] [inaudible]. Speaker 10: Now a few of the science and technology events happening locally over the next two weeks. Naoshima joins me for the calendar. Speaker 1: Dr Claire Kremen. Our previous guest on spectrum is a professor in the Environmental Science Policy and management department at UCB. She is the CO director of the center [00:27:00] for diversified farming systems and a co faculty director of the Berkeley Food Institute. Claire [inaudible] will be giving a talk on Monday, March 10th at 3:00 PM in Morgan Hall Lounge. She will be talking about pollinators as a poster child for diversified farming systems. Dr Kremlin's research on pollinators has attracted national news coverage and is of great importance to California agriculture. The talk will be followed by a reception with snacks and drinks. Again, this will be Monday, March 10th at 3:00 PM in Morgan Hall Lounge. Speaker 6: [00:27:30] Okay. Speaker 4: The science of cal lecture for March will be delivered by Dr Troy Leonberger. The topic is genetics. The lecture is Saturday, March 15th at 11:00 AM in room one 59 of Mulford Hall. Now a single news story presented by Neha Shah Speaker 1: just over a week ago. You see Berkeley's own. Jennifer Doudna, a professor of several biology and chemistry classes at cal, was awarded [00:28:00] the lorry prize in the biomedical sciences for her work on revealing the structure of RNA and its roles in gene therapy. Doudna will receive the Lurie metal and $100,000 award this May in Washington DC. The Lurie Prize is awarded by the foundation for the National Institutes of health and this is its second year of annually recognizing young scientists in the biomedical field. Doudna was originally intrigued by the 1980 breakthrough that RNA could serve as enzymes. In contrast to the previously accepted notion that RNA was [00:28:30] exclusively for protein production. Downness is work today with RNA deals specifically with a protein known as cas nine which can target and cut parts of the DNA of invading viruses. Doudna and her collaborators made use of this knowledge of cast nine to develop a technique to edit genes which will hopefully lead to strides in human gene therapy. Dowden is delighted by her recent recognition and confident in the future of RNA research and the medical developments that will follow Speaker 6: [inaudible].Speaker 10: [00:29:00] The music heard during the show was written and produced by Alex Simon. Speaker 7: Thank you for listening to spectrum. If you have comments about the show, please send them. Speaker 9: All [00:29:30] right. Email address is spectrum to klx@yahoo.com join us in two weeks at this same time. [inaudible]. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Steve Blank, lecturer Haas School of Business UCB. He has been a entrepreneur in Silicon Valley since the 1970s. He has been teaching and developing curriculum for entrepreneurship training. Built a method for high tech startups, the Lean LaunchPad.TranscriptSpeaker 1: Spectrum's next. Speaker 2: Okay. Speaker 3: [inaudible].Speaker 1: Welcome to spectrum the science and technology show on k a [00:00:30] l x Berkeley, a biweekly 30 minute program bringing you interviews, featuring bay area scientists and technologists as well as a calendar of local events and news [inaudible]. Speaker 4: Hi, and good afternoon. My name is Brad Swift. I'm the host of today's show. Today we present part one of two interviews with Steve Blank, a lecturer at the Haas School of business at UC Berkeley. Steve has been a serial entrepreneur in silicon valley since the late 1970s [00:01:00] see if you recognize any of these companies. He was involved with Xylog convergent technologies, MIPS, computer, ardent, super Mack, rocket science games and epiphany. In 1999 Steve Retired from day to day involvement in running a company since 2002 he has been teaching and developing curriculum for entrepreneurship training. By 2011 he was said to have devised [00:01:30] the scientific method for launching high tech startups, dubbed the Lean launch pad. In part one Steve Talks about his beginnings, the culture of Silicon Valley, the intersection of science, technology, finance, and business. Steve Blank, welcome to spectrum. Oh, thanks for having me. I wanted to find out from you how it is you got started as an entrepreneur. What attracted you to that? Speaker 5: He's probably the military. I, uh, spent four years in the air [00:02:00] force during Vietnam and a year and a half in Southeast Asia. And then when I came back to the United States, I worked on a B, 52 bombers in the strategic air command. And I finally years later understood the difference between working in a crisis organization, which was in a war zone where almost anything was acceptable to get the job done versus an execution organization that was dealing with mistakes. Men dropping a 20 megaton nuclear weapon where you process and procedure was actually imperative. And it turned [00:02:30] out I was much better in the organizations that required creativity and agility and tenacity and resilience. And I never understood that I was getting the world's best training for entrepreneurship. I went back to school in Ann Arbor and managed to get thrown out the second time in my life out of University of Michigan. Speaker 5: I call that the best school I was ever thrown out of a Michigan state was the next best school where it was a premed. And then, um, I was sent out to silicon valley. I was working as a field service engineer and what I didn't realize two years later was 16% [00:03:00] startup to bring up a computer system in a place called San Jose. And San Jose was so unknown that my admin got us tickets for San Jose, Puerto Rico until I said, I think it's not out of the country. I came out there to do a job to install a process control system. I thought it was some kind of joke is that there were 45 pages of advertisements in the newspaper at the time for scientists, engineers, et cetera. And I flew back and quit, got a job at my first startup in Silicon Valley [00:03:30] and subsequently I did eight of them in 21 years. Speaker 5: What were some of the ones that stand out out of the eight? You know, I had some great successes. There were four IPOs out of the eight, I'd say one or two. I had something to do with the others. I was just kinda standing there when the safe fell on the guy in front of me and the money dropped down and I got to pick it up. But honestly, in hindsight, and I can now say this only in hindsight, I learned the most from some of the failures though I wouldn't tell you why I wanted to learn that at the time, but failing [00:04:00] and failing hard when it was absolutely clear it was your fault and no one else's forced me to go through the stages of denial and then blame others and then whatever. And then acceptance and then ultimately kind of some real learning about how to build early stage ventures. Speaker 5: You know, I blew my Nixon last company, I was on the cover of wired magazine and 90 days after the cover I realized my company was going out of business and eventually did. And I called my mother who was a Russian immigrant and every time I spoke to my mother I [00:04:30] had to pause because English wasn't her first language. And you know, I'd say something and pause and then she'd say something back and pause. And whenever I said, mom, I lost 35 million hours, pause. And then she said, where'd you put it? I said, no, no, no mom, I'm calling you to tell you none of them was 30 I didn't even get the next sentence out. Cause then she went, oh my gosh, she wants $35 million. We can't even change your name. It's already plank. And then she started thinking about it and she said, and the country we came from [00:05:00] is gone. Speaker 5: There's no fast to go. I said, no, no mom though. What I'm trying to tell you is that the people gave me $35 million, just give me another $12 million to do the next startup. And it was in comprehensible because what I find when I talked to foreign visitors to silicon valley or to any entrepreneurial cluster, you know, we have a special name for failed entrepreneur in Silicon Valley. Do you know what it is? Experienced? It's a big idea in the u s around entrepreneurial clusters, failure equals experience. [00:05:30] People don't ask you if you change your name or have to leave town or you're going to go bankrupt, et cetera. The first thing your best friend will ask you is, so what's your next startup? That's an amazing part of this culture that we've built here and that's what happened to me. My last startup, I returned $1 billion each to those two investors and it's not a story about me, it's a story about the ecosystem that we live in that's both supremely American and supremely capitalists, but also Sir Pulliam clustered in just [00:06:00] a few locations in the United States where there are clear reasons why one succeeded to some fail. Speaker 5: You know, when I retired from my last one, I decided that after eight startups in 21 years, my company was about to go public and my kids were seven and eight years old at the time and luckily we had children when I was in my late thirties and so therefore I got to watch people I admired incredibly at work, watch how they dealt with their families. And what was surprising [00:06:30] is that most of them had feet of clay when it came to home. They basically focused 100% of their efforts at work and as their kids grew up, their kids hated them. I kind of remember that in the back of my head, and so when I had the opportunity to retire, I said, I want to watch my kids grow up. And so I did. And that's a preambled answer your question. That's at the end. Speaker 5: For the first time in my life, my head wasn't down completely inside trying to execute in a single company. I had a chance to reflect on [00:07:00] the 21 years and believe it or not, I started to write my memoirs and I got, you know what I realize now in hindsight, it was actually an emotional catharsis of kind of purging. What did I learn? And I asked, it was 80 pages into it writing. He was a vignette and I would write lessons learned from each of those experiences and what I realized truly the hair was standing up and back of my neck. On page 80 there was a pattern I had never recognized in my career and I realized no one else had recognized [00:07:30] it either and either I was very wrong or there might be some truth and here was the pattern in silicon valley since the beginning we had treated startups like they were smaller versions of large companies. Speaker 5: Everything a large company did. The investment wisdom was, well they write business plans, you write business plans, they organize sales, marketing and Bizdev and you do that. They write our income statement, balance sheet and cashflow and do five year plans and then you do that too. Never noticing that. In fact that distinction, and no one had ever said this [00:08:00] before, what large companies do is execute known business models and the emphasis is on execution, on process. What a known business model means is we know who our customer is, we know how to sell it, we know who competitors are. We know what pride in an existing company it's existing cause somebody in the dim past figured that stuff out. But what a startup is doing is not executing. You think you're executing. That's what they told you to go do, but reality you failed most of the time because you were actually searching [00:08:30] for something. Speaker 5: You were just guessing in front of my students here at Berkeley and at Stanford I used the word, you have a series of hypotheses that are untested, but that's a fancy word for you're just guessing. And so the real insight was somebody needed to come up with a set of tools for startups that were different than the tools that were being taught on how to run and manage existing corporations. And that tool set in distinction at the turn of the century didn't exist. That is 1999 [00:09:00] there was not even a language to describe what I just said and I decided to embark on building the equivalent of the management stack that large corporations have for founders and early stage ventures. Speaker 6: Mm, Speaker 7: [00:09:30] yeah. Speaker 8: You are listening to spectrum on k a l x Berkeley. Steve Blank is our guest. He is an entrepreneur and lecturer at the hospital of business. In the next segment of your talks about collaborating with the National Science Foundation Speaker 9: [inaudible].Speaker 4: [00:10:00] So when you're advising scientists and engineers who think they might be interested in trying to do a startup, what do you tell them they need to know about business and business people? Okay. Speaker 5: It's funny you mentioned scientists and engineers because I didn't know too many years in my career. I mean I sold to them as customers, [00:10:30] but in the last three or four years I got to know some of the top scientists in the u s for a very funny experience. Can I tell you what happened? It turned out that this methodology, I've been talking about how to build startups efficiently with customer development and agile engineering and one other piece called the business model canvas. This theory ended up being called the lean startup. One of my students, Eric Reese and I had actually invested in his company and then actually made him sit for my class at Berkeley because his cofounder, [00:11:00] the lost my money last time I invested. I said, no, no, sit through my class. And of course his co founder was slow to get it, but Eric got it in a second, but came the first practitioner of customer development, the first lean startup practitioner in the world. Speaker 5: Eric got it so much he became the Johnny Appleseed of the idea. In fact, it was actually Ericson side, the customer development. Then agile development went together and he named it the lean startup. But even though we had this theory, the practice was really kind of hard. It was like liking the furniture and Ikea until you got the pieces at home [00:11:30] and then realized it was Kinda hard to assemble. So I decided to do is take the pieces and teach entrepreneurs in a way they have never been taught before on how to start a company. Now this requires a two minutes sidebar. Can I give you? It turns out one of the other thing that I've been involved with is entrepreneurial education as I teach here at Haas, but I also teach at Stanford at UCF and a Columbia, but entrepreneurship used to be kind of a province, mostly of business schools and we used [00:12:00] to teach entrepreneurs just like they were accountants. Speaker 5: No one ever noticed that accountants don't run startups. It's a big idea. No one ever noticed. That's the g. We don't teach artists that way and we don't teach brain surgeons that way. That is sit in the class, read these cases like you were in the law school and somehow you'll get smarter and know how to be an operating CEO of an early stage venture. Now with this, you have to understand that when I was an entrepreneur, rapacious was applied word to describe my behavior and my friends who knew me as an entrepreneur [00:12:30] would laugh when they realized that was an educator and say, Steve, you were born entrepreneur. You knew you can't teach entrepreneurship. You can't be taught. You were born that way. Now since I was teaching entrepreneurship, this set of somewhat of a conundrum in my head, and I pondered this for a couple of years until I realized it's the question everybody asks, but it was the wrong question. Speaker 5: Of course you could teach entrepreneurship. The question is that we've never asked is who can you teach it to and that once you frame the question that way you start [00:13:00] slapping your forehead because you realize that founders of companies, they're not like accountants or MBAs. I mean they were engineers, they might be by training and background, but founders, visionaries, they're closer to artists than anybody else in the world and we now know how to teach artists for the last 500 years since the renaissance. How do we teach artists what we teach them theory, but then we immerse them in experiential practice until they're blue in the face or the hands fall off or they never want to look at another [00:13:30] brusher instrument or write another novel again in their life. We just beat them to death as apprentices, but we get their hands dirty or brain surgeons. Speaker 5: You have, they go to school, but there's no way you'd ever want to go to a doctor who hadn't cracked open chest or skulls or whatever or a surgeon, but we were teaching entrepreneurship like somehow you could read it from the book. My class at Stanford was one of the first experiential, hands-on, immersive float body experience and I mean immersive is that basically [00:14:00] we train our teams in theory that they're going to frame hypotheses with something called the business model canvas from a very smart guide named Alexander Osterwalder. They were going to test those hypotheses by getting outside the building outside the university, outside their lab, outside of anywhere and talk. I bought eyeball to 10 to 15 customers a week. People they've never met and start validating or invalidating those hypotheses and they were going to in parallel build as much of the product as [00:14:30] they can with this iterative and incremental development using agile engineering, whether it was hardware or software or medical device, it doesn't matter. Speaker 5: I want you to start building this thing and also be testing that. Now, this worked pretty well for 20 and 22 year olds students with hoodies and flip flops. But it was open question. If this would work with scientists and engineers, and about three years ago I was driving on campus and I got a call and then went like this, hi Steve, you don't know me. My name is heirarchical lick. I'm the head of the National Science Foundation [00:15:00] SBR program. We're from the U s government. We're calling you because we need your help. And because I was still a little bit of a jerk, I said, the government got my help during Vietnam. I'm not giving it an anymore. And he went, no, no, no, no. We're talking about your class. I went, how do you know about my class? They said, well, you've clogged every session of it. Speaker 5: And I just tend to open source everything I do, which is a luxury I have, not being a tenured professor, you know, I, I think giving back to our community is one of the things that silicon valley excels [00:15:30] at. And I was mentored and tutored by people who gave back. And so therefore since I can't do it, I give back by open sourcing almost everything I do. If I learn it and my slides are out there and I write about it and I teach them. And so I was sharing the experiences of teaching this first class. I didn't realize there were 25 people at the National Science Foundation following every class session. And I didn't even know who the National Science Foundation was. And I had to explain what Steve, we give away $7 billion [00:16:00] a year. We're the group that funds all basic science in universities in the u s where we're on number two to the National Institute of Health, which is the largest funder of medical and research in the u s and that's great. Speaker 5: So why are you calling? We want you to do this class for the government. I said, for the government, and I thought, you guys just fund bigger. He said, no, we're, we're under a mandate from theU s congress. All research organizations is that if any scientist wants to commercialize their basic research, we have programs called the spr and STTR programs that [00:16:30] give anywhere from $500,000 in the first phase or up to three quarters of a million dollars in phase two or more for scientists who want to build companies. Well, why are you calling me? And they're all nicely said, well thank God Congress doesn't actually ask how well those teams are doing. And I said, what do you mean? He said, well, we're essentially giving away cars without requiring drivers Ed and you can imagine the results. And I said, okay, but what did you see in what I'm doing? Speaker 5: He said, Steve, you've invented the scientific [00:17:00] method for entrepreneurship. We want you to teach scientists. They already know the scientific method. Our insight here is they'll get what you're doing in a second. You just need to teach them how to do it outside the building. And so within 90 days I've got a bunch of my VC friends, John Fiber and Jim Horton follow and a Jerry angle and a bunch of others. And we put together a class for the national science foundation as a prototype. They got 25 teams headed up by principal investigators in material science and robotics and computer science and fluidics and teams [00:17:30] of three from around the country. And we put them through this 10 week process and we trained scientists how to get outside the building and test hypotheses. And the results were spectacular. So much so that the NSF made it a permanent program. Speaker 5: I trained professors from Georgia tech and university of Michigan who then went off to train 15 other universities. It's now the third largest accelerator in the world. We just passed 300 teams of her best scientists. Well, let me exhale and tell you the next step, which really got interesting. This worked for [00:18:00] National Science Foundation, but I had said that this would never work for life sciences because life sciences therapeutics, cancer, dry. I mean, you know, you get a paper and sell nature and science and maybe 15 years later, you know, something happens and she, you know, what's the problem? If you cure cancer, you don't have a problem finding customers. But at the same time I've been saying this, you CSF, which is probably the leading biotech university in the world here in San Francisco, was chasing me to actually put on this class for them. And I kept saying, no, you don't [00:18:30] understand. Speaker 5: I say it doesn't work. And they said, Steve, we are the experts in this. We say it does. And finally they called my bluff and said, well, why don't you get out of the building with us and talk to some of the leading venture capitalists in this area who basically educated me that said, look, the traditional model of drug companies for Pharma has broken down. They're now looking for partnerships, Obamacare and the new healthcare laws have changed how reimbursement works. Digital health is an emerging field, you know, medical devices. Those economics have changed. So we decided [00:19:00] to hold the class for life sciences, which is really a misnomer. It was a class for four very distinct fields for therapeutics, diagnostics, devices, and digital health. How to use CSF in October, 2013 is an experiment. First we didn't know if anyone would be interested because I know like the NSF, we weren't going to pay the teams. Speaker 5: We were going to make them pay nominal tuition and GCSF and we were going after clinicians and researchers and they have day jobs. Well, surprisingly we had 78 teams apply for 25 slots and we took 26 [00:19:30] teams including Colbert Harris, who was the head of surgery of ucs, f y Kerrison, the inventor of fetal surgery. Two teams didn't even tell Genentech they were sneaking out at night taking the class as well. And the results, I have to tell you, I still smile when I talk about this, exceeded everybody's wildest expectations such that we went back to Washington, took the results to the National Institute of Health and something tells me that in 2014 the National Institute of Health will probably be the next major government organization to adopt [00:20:00] this class in this process. Again, none of this guarantees success and these are all gonna turn into winners. What it does is actually allow teams to fail fast, allows us to be incredibly effective about the amount of cash we spent because we could figure out where the mistakes are rather than just insisting that we're right, but we now have a process that we've actually tested. Speaker 5: Well, I got a call from the National Science Foundation about six months ago that said, Steve, we thought we tell you we need to stop the experiment. And I thought, why? [00:20:30] What do you mean? Well, we got some data back on the effectiveness of the class. He said, well, we didn't believe the numbers. You know us. We told you we've been running this SBI our program for 30 years and what happens to the teams who want to get funded after? It's kind of a double blind review. People don't know who they are. They review their proposals and they on average got funded 18% of the time. Teams that actually have taken this class get funded 60% of the time. I thought we might've improved effectiveness 10 20% but this is a 300% [00:21:00] now let's be clear. It wasn't. That was some liquidity event mode as they went public. Speaker 5: It was just a good precursor on a march to how much did they know about customers and channels and partners and product market fit, et Cetera, and for the first time somebody had actually instrumented the process. So much so that the national science foundation now requires anybody applying for a grant. It's no longer an option to get out of the building and talk to 30 customers before they could even show up at the conference to get funded. That was kind of the science side and that's still going on and [00:21:30] I'm kind of proud that we might've made a dent in how the government thinks for national science foundation stuff, commercialization and how the National Institute of Health might be thinking of what's called translational medicine, but running those are 127 clinicians and researchers through the f program was really kind of amazing. Speaker 2: [inaudible] [inaudible] [00:22:00] [inaudible] Speaker 8: spectrum is a public affairs show on k a l x Berkeley. Our guest is Steve Blank electrode at UC Berkeley's Haas School of business. In the next segment, he goes into more detail about the lean startup, also known as the lean launchpad Speaker 2: [00:22:30] [inaudible] [inaudible] Speaker 4: with your launchpad startup launchpad. Is that, Speaker 5: well, there's two things. The class is called the lean launchpad lean launch and the software [00:23:00] we built for the National Science Foundation and now we use in classes and for corporations it's called launchpad central. We've basically built software that for the first time allows us to manage and view the innovation process as we go. Think of it as salesforce.com which is sales automation tool for salespeople. We now have a tool for the first time for entrepreneurs and the people working with them and managing them and trying to keep track of them and we just crossed 3000 teams who are using the software and I [00:23:30] use it in everything I teach and dude, Speaker 4: how long does the class take for a scientist or engineer who might be trying to think about, well, what's the time sink here? Yeah, Speaker 5: there's a shock to the system version, which I taught at cal tech and now teach twice a year at Columbia, which is days, 10 hours a day. But the ones that we teach from national science foundation, one I teach at Stanford and Berkeley, Stanford, it's a quarter at Berkeley semester from the NSF. It depends. It's about an eight to 10 week class. You could do this over a period of time. There's no magic. [00:24:00] There is kind of the magic and quantity to people you talk to and it's just a law of numbers. You talk to 10 people, I doubt you're going to find any real insight in that data. It talked to a thousand people. You know, you're probably, if you still haven't found the repeatable pattern, probably 20 [inaudible] too many or Tenex, too many a hundred just seem to be kind of a good centroid. And what you're really looking for is what we call product market fit. Speaker 5: And there are other pieces of the business model that are important. But the first two things you're writing at is, are you building something [00:24:30] that people care about? Am I care about? I don't mean say, oh, that's nice. I mean is when you show it to them, do they grab it out of your hands or grab you by the collar and say you're not leaving until I can have this. Oh, and by the way, if you built the right thing or your ideas and the right place, you will find those people. That's not a sign of a public offering, but it's at least a sign that you're on the right track. Speaker 2: Okay. Speaker 3: [00:25:00] [inaudible] Speaker 8: be sure to catch part two of this interview with Steve Blank in two weeks on spectrum. [00:25:30] In that interview, Steve Talks more about the lean launch pad, the challenge of innovation, Speaker 10: modern commerce, the evolution of entrepreneurship and the pace of technology. Steve's website is a trove of information and resources. Go to Steve Blank, all one word.com Steve Aalto, I mentioned the lean launchpad course available Speaker 2: on you, Udacity. That's you. [00:26:00] udacity.com Speaker 8: spectrum shows are archived on iTunes university. We have created a simple link for you. The link is tiny url.com/k a l ex spectrum Speaker 2: [00:26:30] [inaudible]. Speaker 10: Now a few of the science and technology events happening locally over the next two weeks. Naoshima joins me for the calendar. Speaker 1: Dr Claire Kremen. Our previous guest on spectrum is a professor in the Environmental Science Policy and management department at UCB. She is the CO director of the center [00:27:00] for diversified farming systems and a co faculty director of the Berkeley Food Institute. Claire [inaudible] will be giving a talk on Monday, March 10th at 3:00 PM in Morgan Hall Lounge. She will be talking about pollinators as a poster child for diversified farming systems. Dr Kremlin's research on pollinators has attracted national news coverage and is of great importance to California agriculture. The talk will be followed by a reception with snacks and drinks. Again, this will be Monday, March 10th at 3:00 PM in Morgan Hall Lounge. Speaker 6: [00:27:30] Okay. Speaker 4: The science of cal lecture for March will be delivered by Dr Troy Leonberger. The topic is genetics. The lecture is Saturday, March 15th at 11:00 AM in room one 59 of Mulford Hall. Now a single news story presented by Neha Shah Speaker 1: just over a week ago. You see Berkeley's own. Jennifer Doudna, a professor of several biology and chemistry classes at cal, was awarded [00:28:00] the lorry prize in the biomedical sciences for her work on revealing the structure of RNA and its roles in gene therapy. Doudna will receive the Lurie metal and $100,000 award this May in Washington DC. The Lurie Prize is awarded by the foundation for the National Institutes of health and this is its second year of annually recognizing young scientists in the biomedical field. Doudna was originally intrigued by the 1980 breakthrough that RNA could serve as enzymes. In contrast to the previously accepted notion that RNA was [00:28:30] exclusively for protein production. Downness is work today with RNA deals specifically with a protein known as cas nine which can target and cut parts of the DNA of invading viruses. Doudna and her collaborators made use of this knowledge of cast nine to develop a technique to edit genes which will hopefully lead to strides in human gene therapy. Dowden is delighted by her recent recognition and confident in the future of RNA research and the medical developments that will follow Speaker 6: [inaudible].Speaker 10: [00:29:00] The music heard during the show was written and produced by Alex Simon. Speaker 7: Thank you for listening to spectrum. If you have comments about the show, please send them. Speaker 9: All [00:29:30] right. Email address is spectrum to klx@yahoo.com join us in two weeks at this same time. [inaudible]. See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

Tenex Health featured on 21st Century Television

It's all about the timing... Timing attacks have been exploited in the wild for ages, with the famous TENEX memory paging timing attack dating back to January of 1972. In recent times timing attacks have largely been relegated to use only by cryptographers and cryptanalysts. In this presentation SensePost analysts will show that timing attacks are still very much alive and kicking on the Internet and fairly prevalent in web applications (if only we were looking for them). The talk will cover SensePost-aTime (our new SQL Injection tool that operates purely on timing differences to extract data from injectable sites behind draconian firewall rulesets), our new generic (timing aware) web brute-forcer and lots of new twists on old favorites. If you are doing testing today, and are not thinking a lot about timing, chances are you are missing attack vectors right beneath your stop-watch!

It's all about the timing... Timing attacks have been exploited in the wild for ages, with the famous TENEX memory paging timing attack dating back to January of 1972. In recent times timing attacks have largely been relegated to use only by cryptographers and cryptanalysts. In this presentation SensePost analysts will show that timing attacks are still very much alive and kicking on the Internet and fairly prevalent in web applications (if only we were looking for them). The talk will cover SensePost-aTime (our new SQL Injection tool that operates purely on timing differences to extract data from injectable sites behind draconian firewall rulesets), our new generic (timing aware) web brute-forcer and lots of new twists on old favorites. If you are doing testing today, and are not thinking a lot about timing, chances are you are missing attack vectors right beneath your stop-watch!