Podcasts about partitioning

Nikolay and Michael discuss ten dangerous Postgres related issues — ones that might be painful enough to get onto the CTO and even CEOs desk, and then what you can do proactively. The ten issues discussed are:Heavy lock contentionBloat control and index maintenance  Lightweight lock contentionTransaction ID wraparound4-byte integer PKs hitting the limitReplication limitsHard limitsData lossPoor HA choice (split brain)Corruption of various kindsSome previous episodes they mentioned that cover the issues in more detail: PgDog https://postgres.fm/episodes/pgdogPerformance cliffs https://postgres.fm/episodes/performance-cliffsZero-downtime migrations https://postgres.fm/episodes/zero-downtime-migrations Queues in Postgres https://postgres.fm/episodes/queues-in-postgresBloat https://postgres.fm/episodes/bloatIndex maintenance https://postgres.fm/episodes/index-maintenanceSubtransactions https://postgres.fm/episodes/subtransactionsFour million TPS https://postgres.fm/episodes/four-million-tpsTransaction ID wraparound https://postgres.fm/episodes/transaction-id-wraparoundpg_squeeze https://postgres.fm/episodes/pg_squeeze synchronous_commit https://postgres.fm/episodes/synchronous_commitManaged service support https://postgres.fm/episodes/managed-service-support And finally, some other things they mentioned: A great recent SQL Server-related podcast episode on tuning techniques https://kendralittle.com/2024/05/20/erik-darling-and-kendra-little-rate-sql-server-performance-tuning-techniques/Postgres Indexes, Partitioning and LWLock:LockManager Scalability (blog post by Jeremy Schneider) https://ardentperf.com/2024/03/03/postgres-indexes-partitioning-and-lwlocklockmanager-scalability/Do you vacuum everyday? (talk by Hannu Krosing) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JcRi8Z7rkPgpg_stat_wal https://pgpedia.info/p/pg_stat_wal.htmlThe benefit of lz4 and zstd for Postgres WAL compression (Small Datum blog, Mark Callaghan) https://smalldatum.blogspot.com/2022/05/the-benefit-of-lz4-and-zstd-for.htmlSplit-brain in case of network partition (CloudNativePG issue/discussion) https://github.com/cloudnative-pg/cloudnative-pg/discussions/7462 ~~~What did you like or not like? What should we discuss next time? Let us know via a YouTube comment, on social media, or by commenting on our Google doc!~~~Postgres FM is produced by:Michael Christofides, founder of pgMustardNikolay Samokhvalov, founder of Postgres.aiWith credit to:Jessie Draws for the elephant artwork

In this episode of The Geek Narrator podcast, Lalit Suresh, CEO of Feldera, joins us to share insights on incremental view maintenance and its significance in modern data processing.We have discussed the challenges posed by distributed systems, the mathematical foundation of DBSP, and how Feldera's architecture addresses these challenges. Performance optimization, handling late events, and the future of stream processing, the importance of SQL in creating efficient data workflows - its all in here.Chapters00:00 Introduction to Incremental View Maintenance06:30 Challenges in Distributed Systems11:46 Batch Processing vs Stream Processing16:27 Understanding DBSP: The Mathematical Foundation27:46 Architecture of Feldera and Data Flow39:23 Partitioning and Storage Layer in Feldera42:51 Understanding Co-Design Storage Layers45:52 Foreground and Background Workers in DBSP49:16 Tuning Background Workers for Performance49:41 Synchronous Compute Model and View Propagation51:35 Zsets and Batch Processing in Stream Workloads54:00 Data Model Optimization in Feldera57:22 Handling Late Events and Lateness in Feldera01:01:18 Watermarks and Lateness Annotations01:04:20 Error Handling and Idempotency in Feldera01:11:05 Feldera's Differentiators and Future Roadmap

On this “Peak Physique Podcast, host, and IFBB Professional Bodybuilder, Andre Adams, deep dives into the concept behind nutrient partitioning. Andre will explain how your body processes nutrients, what it all means, and how it can be leveraged to maximize physique outcomes. If you like what you just consumed, leave us a 5-star review, and share this episode with a friend to help grow our NASM health and wellness community! Introducing NASM One, the membership for trainers and coaches. For just $35/mo, get unlimited access to over 300 continuing education courses, 50% off additional certifications and specializations, EDGE Trainer Pro all-in-one coaching app to grow your business, unlimited exam attempts and select waived fees. Stay on top of your game and ahead of the curve as a fitness professional with NASM One. Click here to learn more. https://bit.ly/3zoMWyV

Send us a textAfter spending six episodes covering the events happening in the Roman renegade states, we finally get to see what happened inside the walls of Constantinople. The 4th Crusaders had to elect an Emperor... the first Latin emperor in over 700 years. The choice was narrowed down between two leaders, Baldwin of Flanders and Boniface of Montferrat. The election created a rift between the two that would never mend. This episode follows the short lives of these two men before they meet their untimely deaths at the hands of their new enemies.The History of Modern Greece Podcast covers the events from Ancient Greece, the Roman Empire, and the fall of Constantinople in 1453, to the years under the Ottoman Empire, and 1821 when the Greeks fought for independence... all the way to the modern-day.Website: www.moderngreecepodcast.comMusic by Mark Jungerman: www.marcjungermann.comCheck out our 2nd Podcast: www.antecedors.com

Explore the essentials of MySQL database design with Lois Houston and Nikita Abraham, who team up with MySQL expert Perside Foster to discuss key storage concepts, transaction support in InnoDB, and ACID compliance. You'll also get tips on choosing the right data types, optimizing queries with indexing, and boosting performance with partitioning.   MySQL 8.4 Essentials: https://mylearn.oracle.com/ou/course/mysql-84-essentials/141332/226362 Oracle University Learning Community: https://education.oracle.com/ou-community LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/showcase/oracle-university/ X: https://x.com/Oracle_Edu   Special thanks to Arijit Ghosh, David Wright, Kris-Ann Nansen, Radhika Banka, and the OU Studio Team for helping us create this episode.   ---------------------------------------------------------   Episode Transcript:   00:00 Welcome to the Oracle University Podcast, the first stop on your cloud journey. During this series of informative  podcasts, we'll bring you foundational training on the most popular Oracle technologies. Let's get started! 00:26 Lois: Hello and welcome to the Oracle University Podcast. I'm Lois Houston, Director of Innovation Programs with Oracle University, and with me today is Nikita Abraham, Team Lead of Editorial Services. Nikita: Hi everyone! Last week, we looked at installing MySQL and in today's episode, we're going to focus on MySQL database design. Lois: That's right, Niki. Database design is the backbone of any MySQL environment. In this episode, we'll walk you through how to structure your data to ensure smooth performance and scalability right from the start.   00:58 Nikita: And to help us with this, we have Perside Foster joining us again. Perside is a MySQL Principal Solution Engineer at Oracle. Hi Perside, let's start with how MySQL handles data storage on the file system. Can you walk us through the architecture? Perside: In the MySQL architecture, the storage engine layer is part of the server process. Logically speaking, it comes between the parts of the server responsible for inputting, parsing, and optimizing SQL and the underlying file systems. The standard storage engine in MySQL is called InnoDB. But other storage engines are also available. InnoDB supports many of the features that are required by a production database system. Other storage engines have different sets of features. For example, MyISAM is a basic fast storage engine but has fewer reliability features. NDB Cluster is a scalable distributed storage engine. It runs on multiple nodes and uses additional software to manage the cluster.  02:21 Lois: Hi Perside! Going back to InnoDB, what kind of features does InnoDB offer? Perside: The storage engine supports many concurrent users. It also keeps their changes separate from each other. One way it achieves this is by supporting transactions. Transactions allows users to make changes that can be rolled back if necessary and prevent other users from seeing those changes until they are committed or saved persistently. The storage engine also enables referential integrity. This is to make sure that data in a dependent table refers only to valid source data. For example, you cannot insert an order for a customer that does not exist. It stores raw data on disk in a B-tree structure and uses fast algorithms to insert rows in the correct place. This is done so that the data can be retrieved quickly. It uses a similar method to store indexes. This allows you to run queries based on a sort order that is different from the row's natural order. InnoDB has its own buffer pool. This is a memory cache that stores recently accessed data. And as a result, queries on active data are much faster than queries that read from the disk. InnoDB also has performance features such as multithreading and bulk insert optimization. 04:13 Lois: So, would you say InnoDB is generally the best option? Perside: When you install MySQL, the standard storage engine is InnoDB. This is generally the best choice for production workloads that need both reliability and high performance. It supports transaction syntax, such as commit and rollback, and is fully ACID compliant. 04:41 Nikita: To clarify, ACID stands for Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, and Durability. But could you explain what that means for anyone who might be new to the term? Perside: ACID stands for atomic. This means your transaction can contain multiple statements, but the transaction as a whole is treated as one change that succeeds or fails. Consistent means that transactions move the system from one consistent state to another. Isolated means that changes made during a transaction are isolated from other users until that transaction completes. And durable means that the server ensures that the transaction is persisted or written to disk once it completes. 05:38 Lois: Thanks for breaking that down for us, Perside. Could you tell us about the data encryption and security features supported by InnoDB? Perside: InnoDB supports data encryption, which keeps your data secure on the disk. It also supports compression, which saves space at the cost of some extra CPU usage. You can configure an InnoDB cluster of multiple MySQL server nodes across multiple hosts to enable high availability. Transaction support is a key part of any reliable database, particularly when multiple concurrent users can change data. By default, each statement commits automatically so that you don't have to type commit every time you update a row. You can open a transaction with the statement START TRANSACTION or BEGIN, which is synonymous. 06:42 Nikita: Perside, what exactly do the terms "schema" and "database" mean in the context of MySQL, and how do they relate to the storage structure of tables and system-level information? Perside: Schema and database both refer to collections of tables and other objects. In some platform, a schema might contain databases. In MySQL, the word schema is a synonym for database. In InnoDB and some other storage engines, each database maps to a directory on the file system, typically in the data directory. Each table has rows data stored in a file. In InnoDB, this file is the InnoDB tablespace, although you can choose to store tables in other tablespaces. MySQL uses some databases to store or present system-level information. The MySQL and information schema databases are used to store and present structural information about the server, including authentication settings and table metadata. You can query performance metrics from the performance schema and sys databases. If you have configured a highly available InnoDB cluster, you can examine its configuration from the MySQL InnoDB cluster metadata database. 08:21 Lois: What kind of data types does MySQL support? Perside: MySQL supports a number of data types with special characteristics. BLOB stands for Binary Large Object Block. Columns that specify this type can contain large chunks of binary data. For example, JPG pictures or MP3 audio files. You can further specify the amount of storage required by specifying the subtype-- for example, TINYBLOB or LONGBLOB. Similarly, you can store large amounts of text data in TEXT, TINYTEXT, and so on. These types, BLOB and TEXT, share the same characteristic, that they are not stored in the same location as other data from the same row. This is to improve performance because many queries against the table do not query BLOB or TEXT data contained within the table. MySQL supports geographic or spatial data and queries on that data. These include ways to represent points, lines, polygons, and collections of such elements. The JSON data type enables you to use MySQL as a document store. A column of this type can contain complete JSON documents in each row. And MySQL has several functions that enable querying and searching for values within such documents.  10:11 Adopting a multicloud strategy is a big step towards future-proofing your business and we're here to help you navigate this complex landscape. With our suite of courses, you'll gain insights into network connectivity, security protocols, and the considerations of working across different cloud platforms. Start your journey to multicloud today by visiting mylearn.oracle.com. 10:38 Nikita: Welcome back. Perside, how do indexes improve the performance of MySQL queries? Perside: Indexes make it easier for MySQL to find specific rows. This doesn't just speed up queries, but also ensures that newly inserted rows are placed in the best position in the data file so that future queries will findthem quickly. 11:03 Nikita: And how do these indexes work exactly? Perside: Indexes work by storing the raw data or a subset of the raw data in some defined order. An index can be ordered on some non-unique value, such as a person's name. Or you can create an index on some value that must be unique within the table, such as an ID. The primary index, sometimes called a clustered index, is the complete table data stored on a unique value called a Primary Key. 11:38 Lois: Ok. And what types of indices are supported by InnoDB? Perside: InnoDB supports multiple index types. Raw data in most secondary indexes are stored in a BTREE structure. This stores data in specific buckets based on the index key using fixed-size data pages. HASH indexes are supported by some storage engines, including the memory storage engine. InnoDB has an adaptive HASH feature, which kicks in automatically for small tables and workloads that benefits from them. Spatial data can be indexed using the RTREE structure.  12:25 Nikita: What are some best practices we should follow when working with indexes in MySQL? Perside: First, you should create a Primary Key for each table. This value is unique for each row and is used to order the row data. InnoDB doesn't require that tables have an explicit Primary Key, but if you don't set one, it creates a hidden Primary Key. Each secondary index is a portion of the data ordered by some other column. And internally, each index entry uses the Primary Key as a lookup back to the rest of the row. If your Primary Key is large or complex, this increases the storage requirement of each index. And every time you modify a row, MySQL must update every affected index in the background. The more indexes you have on a table, the slower every insert operation will be. This means that you should only create indexes that improve query performance for your specific workload. The sys schema in MySQL Enterprise Monitor have features to identify indexes that are unused. Use prefix and compound keys to reduce indexes. A prefix key contains only the first part of a string. This can be particularly useful when you have large amounts of text in an index key and want to index based on the first few characters. A compound key contains multiple columns, for example, last name and first name. This also speeds up queries where you're looking for only those values because the secondary index can fulfill the query without requiring a lookup back to the primary indexes.  14:35 Lois: Before we let you go, can you explain what table partitioning is? Perside: Table partitioning is enabled by using a plugin. When you partition a table, you divide its content according to certain rules. You might store portions of the table based on the range of values in a column. For example, storing all sales for 2024 in a single partition. A partition based on a list enables you to store rows with specific values in the partition column. When you partition by hash or key, you distribute rows somewhat evenly between partitions. This means that you can distribute a large table across multiple disks, or you can place more frequently accessed data on faster storage. Explain works with partitioning. Simply prefix any query that uses partition data, and the output shows information about how the optimizer will use the partition. Partitioning is one of the features that is only fully supported in Enterprise Edition. 15:57 Lois: Perside, thank you so much for joining us today. In our next episode, we'll dive deep into MySQL security. Nikita: And if you want to learn more about what we discussed today, visit mylearn.oracle.com and search for the MySQL 8.4: Essentials course. Until next week, this is Nikita Abraham… Lois: And Lois Houston signing off! 16:18 That's all for this episode of the Oracle University Podcast. If you enjoyed listening, please click Subscribe to get all the latest episodes. We'd also love it if you would take a moment to rate and review us on your podcast app. See you again on the next episode of the Oracle University Podcast.

Public schools are one of the last remaining universal public goods in the United States—and are also some of our most unequal institutions. In Unsettling Choice, Ujju Aggarwal explores how the expansion of choice-based programs led to greater inequality and segregation in a gentrifying New York City neighborhood during the years following the Great Recession, mobilizing mechanisms rooted in market logics to recruit families with economic capital on their side while solidifying a public sphere that increasingly resembled the private. Here, Aggarwal is joined in conversation with Sabina Vaught.Ujju Aggarwal is assistant professor of anthropology and experiential learning at The New School. She is author of Unsettling Choice: Race, Rights, and the Partitioning of Public Education and coeditor of What's Race Got to Do with It? How Current School Reform Policy Maintains Racial and Economic Inequality.Sabina Vaught is professor at the University of Pittsburgh and director of the Kinloch Commons for Critical Pedagogy and Leadership. Vaught is coauthor of The School-Prison Trust and author of Compulsory: Education and the Dispossession of Youth in a Prison School.  Episode references:Ruth Wilson GilmoreChristina HeathertonCindy KatzSelma JamesJoão Costa VargasMorgan Talty / Fire ExitPraise for the book:“A must-read to understand the racialized violence inherent within one of the most fundamental aspects of education in the United States: the logic of choice.”—Damien Sojoyner“Read this book, and be moved and transformed.”—Sabina VaughtUnsettling Choice: Race, Rights, and the Partitioning of Public Education by Ujju Aggarwal is available from University of Minnesota Press.

An airhacks.fm conversation with Gerald Venzl (@GeraldVenzl) about: discussion on prepared statements and their benefits in Oracle databases, explanation of hard parsing vs soft parsing in database queries, overview of connection pooling and its importance in database performance, introduction to Oracle's Database Resident Connection Pool (DRCP), exploration of Oracle's support for serverless workloads, discussion on PL/SQL and JavaScript support in Oracle databases, brief mention of ADA programming language and its influence on PL/SQL, introduction to GraalVM and its role in Oracle databases, comparison of performance between PL/SQL and JavaScript in Oracle, mention of Oracle database support for ARM architecture including M1 Macs and Raspberry Pi 5, explanation of database sharding vs partitioning, discussion on the benefits of stored procedures for data-intensive operations Gerald Venzl on twitter: @GeraldVenzl

Had a blast chatting with fellow fitness & nutrition coach - Alex Thieme - on this episode. Topics discussed: -Alex's experience becoming a dad + fitness coach- Living with food allergies and getting into lifting at a young age-New Year's resolutions - why fat loss isn't the only option for people looking to get healthier-Body recomposition: what it is, how it happens, who can recomp-Nutrient Partitioning as it pertains to fat loss + building muscle-Is it possible to recomp in a deficit?-Rates of recomp between newbies/intermediate/advance lifters-Pros + cons of being at maintenance+ so much more in-between.I loved this convo and I know you will too!Check out this article by Eric Trexler (Stronger By Science) we refer to in this episode:https://www.strongerbyscience.com/goal-setting/Where to find Alex:IG: @alexthiemefitnessWebsite: https://www.alexthiemefitness.com/Check out his podcast (Lowering the Barrier HEREWhere to find me:IG: @lukesmithrdCheck out my website HEREFill out a 1:1 coaching application HERETIA for listening!

The prayer of Faith confess your faults to one another, and pray for one another St. James 5:16

This week, Lois Houston and Nikita Abraham continue their exploration of Oracle AI Vector Search with a deep dive into vector indexes and memory considerations.   Senior Principal APEX and Apps Dev Instructor Brent Dayley breaks down what vector indexes are, how they enhance the efficiency of search queries, and the different types supported by Oracle AI Vector Search.   Oracle Database 23ai: Oracle AI Vector Search Fundamentals: https://mylearn.oracle.com/ou/course/oracle-database-23ai-oracle-ai-vector-search-fundamentals/140188/   Oracle University Learning Community: https://education.oracle.com/ou-community   LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/showcase/oracle-university/   Twitter: https://twitter.com/Oracle_Edu   Special thanks to Arijit Ghosh, David Wright, Radhika Banka, and the OU Studio Team for helping us create this episode.   --------------------------------------------------------   Episode Transcript:   00:00 Welcome to the Oracle University Podcast, the first stop on your cloud journey. During this series of informative podcasts, we'll bring you foundational training on the most popular Oracle technologies. Let's get started!   00:26 Nikita: Welcome back to the Oracle University Podcast! I'm Nikita Abraham, Team Lead of Editorial Services at Oracle University, and with me is Lois Houston, Director of Innovation Programs. Lois: Hi everyone! Last week was Part 1 of our discussion on Oracle AI Vector Search. We talked about what it is, its benefits, the new vector data type, vector embedding models, and the overall workflow. In Part 2, we're going to focus on vector indices and memory. 00:56 Nikita: And to help us break it all down, we've got Brent Dayley back with us. Brent is a Senior Principal APEX and Apps Dev Instructor with Oracle University. Hi Brent! Thanks for being with us today. So, let's jump right in! What are vector indexes and how are they useful? Brent: Now, vector indexes are specialized indexing data structures that can make your queries more efficient against your vectors. They use techniques such as clustering, and partitioning, and neighbor graphs. Now, they greatly reduce the search space, which means that your queries happen quicker. They're also extremely efficient. They do require that you enable the vector pool in the SGA. 01:42 Lois: Brent, walk us through the different types of vector indices that are supported by Oracle AI Vector Search. How do they integrate into the overall process? Brent: So Oracle AI Vector Search supports two types of indexes, in-memory neighbor graph vector index. HNSW is the only type of in-memory neighbor graph vector index that is supported. These are very efficient indexes for vector approximate similarity search. HNSW graphs are structured using principles from small world networks along with layered hierarchical organization. And neighbor partition vector index, inverted file flat index, is the only type of neighbor partition index supported. It is a partition-based index which balances high search quality with reasonable speed. 02:35 Nikita: Brent, you mentioned that enabling the vector pool in the SGA is a requirement when working with vector indexes. Can you explain that process for us? Brent: In order for you to be able to use vector indexes, you do need to enable the vector pool area. And in order to do that, what you need to do is set the vector memory size parameter. You can set it at the container database level. And the PDB inherits it from the CDB. Now bear in mind that the database does have to be balanced when you set the vector pool. 03:12 Lois: Ok. Are there any other considerations to keep in mind when using vector indices? Brent: Vector indexes are stored in this pool, and vector metadata is also stored here. And you do need to restart the database. So large vector indexes do need lots of RAM, and RAM constrains the vector index size. You should use IVF indexes when there is not enough RAM. IVF indexes use both the buffer cache as well as disk. 03:42 Nikita: And what about memory considerations? Brent: So to remind you, a vector is a numerical representation of text, images, audio, or video that encodes the features or semantic meaning of the data, instead of the actual contents, such as the words or pixels of an image. So the vector is a list of numerical values known as dimensions with a specified format. Now, Oracle does support the int8 format, the float32 format, and the float64 format. Depending on the format depends on the number of bytes. For instance, int8 is one byte, float32 is four bytes. Now, Oracle AI Vector Search supports vectors with up to 65,535 dimensions. 04:34 Lois: What should we know about creating a table with a vector column? Brent: Now, Oracle Database 23ai does have a new vector data type. The new data type was created in order to support vector search. The definition can include the number of dimensions and can include the format. Bear in mind that either one of those are optional when you define your column. The possible dimension formats are int, float 32, and float 64. Float 32 and float 64 are IEEE standards, and Oracle Database will automatically cast the value if needed. 05:18 Nikita: Can you give us a few declaration examples? Brent: Now, if we just do a vector type, then the vectors can have any arbitrary number of dimensions and formats. If we describe the vector type as vector * , *, then that means that vectors can have an arbitrary number of dimensions and formats. Vector and vector * , * are equivalent. Vector with the number of dimensions specified, followed by a comma, and then an asterisk, is equivalent to vector number of dimensions. Vectors must all have the specified number of dimensions, or an error will be thrown. Every vector will have its dimension stored without format modification. And if we do vector asterisk common dimension element format, what that means is that vectors can have an arbitrary number of dimensions, but their format will be up-converted or down-converted to the specified dimension element format, either INT8, float 32, or float 64. 06:25 Working towards an Oracle Certification this year? Take advantage of the Certification Prep live events in the Oracle University Learning Community. Get tips from OU experts and hear from others who have already taken their certifications. Once you're certified, you'll gain access to an exclusive forum for Oracle-certified users. What are you waiting for? Visit mylearn.oracle.com to get started.   06:52 Nikita: Welcome back! Brent, what is the vector constructor and why is it useful? Brent: Now, the vector constructor is a function that allows us to create vectors without having to store those in a column in a table. These are useful for learning purposes. You use these usually with a smaller number of dimensions. Bear in mind that most embedding models can contain thousands of different dimensions. You get to specify the vector values, and they usually represent two-dimensional like xy coordinates. The dimensions are optional, and the format is optional as well. 07:29 Lois: Right. Before we wrap up, can you tell us how to calculate vector distances? Brent: Now, vector distance uses the function VECTOR_DISTANCE as the main function. This allows you to calculate distances between two vectors and, therefore, takes two vectors as parameters. Optionally, you can specify a metric. If you do not specify a metric, then the default metric, COSINE, would be used. You can optionally use other shorthand functions, too. These include L1 distance, L2 distance, cosine distance, and inner product. All of these functions also take two vectors as input and return the distance between them. Now the VECTOR_DISTANCE function can be used to perform a similarity search. If a similarity search query does not specify a distance metric, then the default cosine metric will be used for both exact and approximate searches. If a similarity search does specify a distance metric in the VECTOR_DISTANCE function, then an exact search with that distance metric is used if it conflicts with the distance metric specified in a vector index. If the two distance metrics are the same, then this will be used for both exact as well as approximate searches. 08:58 Nikita: I was wondering Brent, what vector distance metrics do we have access to? Brent: We have Euclidean and Euclidean squared distances. We have cosine similarity, dot product similarity, Manhattan distance, and Hamming similarity. Let's take a closer look at the first of these metrics, Euclidean and Euclidean squared distances. This gives us the straight-line distance between two vectors. It does use the Pythagorean theorem. It is sensitive to both the vector size as well as the direction. With Euclidean distances, comparing squared distances is equivalent to comparing distances. So when ordering is more important than the distance values themselves, the squared Euclidean distance is very useful as it is faster to calculate than the Euclidean distance, which avoids the square root calculation. 09:58 Lois: And the cosine similarity metrics? Brent: It is one of the most widely used similarity metrics, especially in natural language processing. The smaller the angle means they are more similar. While cosine distance measures how different two vectors are, cosine similarity measures how similar two vectors are. Dot product similarity allows us to multiply the size of each vector by the cosine of their angle. The corresponding geometrical interpretation of this definition is equivalent to multiplying the size of one of the vectors by the size of the projection of the second vector onto the first one or vice versa. Larger means that they are more similar. Smaller means that they are less similar. Manhattan distance is useful for describing uniform grids. You can imagine yourself walking from point A to point B in a city such as Manhattan. Now, since there are buildings in the way, maybe we need to walk down one street and then turn and walk down the next street in order to get to our result. As you can imagine, this metric is most useful for vectors describing objects on a uniform grid such as city blocks, power grids, or perhaps a chessboard. 11:27 Nikita: And finally, we have Hamming similarity, right? Brent: This describes where vector dimensions differ. They are binary vectors, and it tells us the number of bits that require change to match. It compares the position of each bit in the sequence. Now, these are usually used in order to detect network errors. 11:53 Nikita: Brent, thanks for joining us these last two weeks and explaining what Oracle AI Vector Search is. If you want to learn more about what we discussed today, visit mylearn.oracle.com and search for the Oracle Database 23ai: Oracle AI Vector Search Fundamentals course.   Lois: This concludes our season on Oracle Database 23ai New Features for administrators. In our next episode, we're going to talk about database backup and recovery, but more on that later! Until then, this is Lois Houston… Nikita: And Nikita Abraham signing off! 12:29 That's all for this episode of the Oracle University Podcast. If you enjoyed listening, please click Subscribe to get all the latest episodes. We'd also love it if you would take a moment to rate and review us on your podcast app. See you again on the next episode of the Oracle University Podcast.

On Daybreak Africa: The United Nations envoy to Western Sahara Staffan de Mistura has proposed dividing the territory between Morocco and the pro-independence Polisario Front in order to resolve the decades-old conflict, according to the French News Agency (AFP). Plus, Kenya's Deputy President Rigathi Gachagua has been removed from office. Nigeria plans to review gasoline transport safety protocols after a deadly blast. Botswana's electoral body warns the opposition about making rigging claims. Business and communication nosedive as Chad's internet blackout enters day three. A move to overthrow the Speaker of Liberia's House of Representatives leads to a fistfight. AND a look at how hurricanes Helene, Milton, might impact 2024 voting in the US. For these and more, tune in to Daybreak Africa!

This episode of The Metabolic Classroom focuses on a deeper understanding of insulin's role in obesity, particularly through the lens of the fuel partitioning theory.This theory suggests that the way the body allocates energy between burning and storing it significantly influences weight gain and overeating. With obesity affecting over 700 million people worldwide, Dr. Bikman emphasizes the importance of understanding the broader health implications, including increased risks for chronic diseases like heart disease, type 2 diabetes, and certain cancers. He also notes the economic burden, highlighting how our current view of obesity is failing to make meaningful improvements.The lecture explores how the caloric view of obesity, which suggests that obesity is purely a result of consuming more calories than are burned, is overly simplistic. Dr. Bikman argues that hormonal influences, particularly insulin, are often overlooked in this view.He draws from a recent publication, “Trapped Fat: Obesity Pathogenesis as an Intrinsic Disorder in Metabolic Fuel Partitioning,” which emphasizes that hormonal signals like insulin play a critical role in whether the body stores or burns energy. Dr. Bikman points out that historical perspectives on obesity used to focus on hormones, but the caloric theory gained dominance after World War II.Through the discussion of various rodent models, such as the VMH lesion model and leptin-deficient animals, Dr. Bikman demonstrates how hormonal imbalances, particularly elevated insulin levels, can drive fat storage even in the absence of overeating. In these models, animals gain significantly more fat despite consuming the same number of calories as healthy controls. Dr. Bikman relates this to human analogs, like hypothalamic obesity and leptin resistance, explaining that these conditions similarly lead to obesity due to disrupted hormonal regulation, especially involving insulin.The final part of the lecture touches on how energy homeostasis and insulin resistance differ in individuals predisposed to obesity. Ben stresses that addressing insulin levels should be the primary strategy for reversing obesity. He concludes by highlighting how controlling insulin can increase metabolic rate and fat burning, allowing the body to waste energy through ketone excretion. He advises that focusing on reducing insulin rather than cutting calories is a more effective approach to long-term weight loss and health improvement.https://www.insuliniq.com My favorite meal-replacement shake: https://gethlth.com (discount: BEN10)My favorite electrolytes (and more): https://redmond.life (discount: BEN15)My favorite allulose source: https://rxsugar.com (discount: BEN20)References:Trapped fat: Obesity pathogenesis as an intrinsic disorder in metabolic fuel partitioning:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38961319/ Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

What do universal rights to public goods like education mean when codified as individual, private choices? Is the “problem” of school choice actually not about better choices for all but, rather, about the competition and exclusion that choice engenders—guaranteeing a system of winners and losers? Unsettling Choice: Race, Rights, and the Partitioning of Public Education (U Minnesota Press, 2024) addresses such questions through a compelling ethnography that illuminates how one path of neoliberal restructuring in the United States emerged in tandem with, and in response to, the Civil Rights movement.  Drawing on ethnographic research in one New York City school district, Unsettling Choice traces the contestations that surfaced when, in the wake of the 2007–2009 Great Recession, public schools navigated austerity by expanding choice-based programs. Ujju Aggarwal argues that this strategy, positioned as “saving public schools,” mobilized mechanisms rooted in market logics to recruit families with economic capital on their side, thereby solidifying a public sphere that increasingly resembled the private—where contingency was anticipated and rights for some were marked by intensified precarity for poor and working-class Black and Latinx families. As Unsettling Choice shows, these struggles over public schools—one of the last remaining universal public goods in the United States—were entrapped within neoliberal regimes that exceeded privatization and ensured exclusion even as they were couched in language of equity, diversity, care, and rights. And yet this richly detailed and engaging book also tracks an architecture of expansive rights, care, and belonging built among poor and working-class parents at a Head Start center, whose critique of choice helps us understand how we might struggle for—and reimagine—justice, and a public that remains to be won. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/african-american-studies

What do universal rights to public goods like education mean when codified as individual, private choices? Is the “problem” of school choice actually not about better choices for all but, rather, about the competition and exclusion that choice engenders—guaranteeing a system of winners and losers? Unsettling Choice: Race, Rights, and the Partitioning of Public Education (U Minnesota Press, 2024) addresses such questions through a compelling ethnography that illuminates how one path of neoliberal restructuring in the United States emerged in tandem with, and in response to, the Civil Rights movement.  Drawing on ethnographic research in one New York City school district, Unsettling Choice traces the contestations that surfaced when, in the wake of the 2007–2009 Great Recession, public schools navigated austerity by expanding choice-based programs. Ujju Aggarwal argues that this strategy, positioned as “saving public schools,” mobilized mechanisms rooted in market logics to recruit families with economic capital on their side, thereby solidifying a public sphere that increasingly resembled the private—where contingency was anticipated and rights for some were marked by intensified precarity for poor and working-class Black and Latinx families. As Unsettling Choice shows, these struggles over public schools—one of the last remaining universal public goods in the United States—were entrapped within neoliberal regimes that exceeded privatization and ensured exclusion even as they were couched in language of equity, diversity, care, and rights. And yet this richly detailed and engaging book also tracks an architecture of expansive rights, care, and belonging built among poor and working-class parents at a Head Start center, whose critique of choice helps us understand how we might struggle for—and reimagine—justice, and a public that remains to be won. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/new-books-network

What do universal rights to public goods like education mean when codified as individual, private choices? Is the “problem” of school choice actually not about better choices for all but, rather, about the competition and exclusion that choice engenders—guaranteeing a system of winners and losers? Unsettling Choice: Race, Rights, and the Partitioning of Public Education (U Minnesota Press, 2024) addresses such questions through a compelling ethnography that illuminates how one path of neoliberal restructuring in the United States emerged in tandem with, and in response to, the Civil Rights movement.  Drawing on ethnographic research in one New York City school district, Unsettling Choice traces the contestations that surfaced when, in the wake of the 2007–2009 Great Recession, public schools navigated austerity by expanding choice-based programs. Ujju Aggarwal argues that this strategy, positioned as “saving public schools,” mobilized mechanisms rooted in market logics to recruit families with economic capital on their side, thereby solidifying a public sphere that increasingly resembled the private—where contingency was anticipated and rights for some were marked by intensified precarity for poor and working-class Black and Latinx families. As Unsettling Choice shows, these struggles over public schools—one of the last remaining universal public goods in the United States—were entrapped within neoliberal regimes that exceeded privatization and ensured exclusion even as they were couched in language of equity, diversity, care, and rights. And yet this richly detailed and engaging book also tracks an architecture of expansive rights, care, and belonging built among poor and working-class parents at a Head Start center, whose critique of choice helps us understand how we might struggle for—and reimagine—justice, and a public that remains to be won. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/critical-theory

What do universal rights to public goods like education mean when codified as individual, private choices? Is the “problem” of school choice actually not about better choices for all but, rather, about the competition and exclusion that choice engenders—guaranteeing a system of winners and losers? Unsettling Choice: Race, Rights, and the Partitioning of Public Education (U Minnesota Press, 2024) addresses such questions through a compelling ethnography that illuminates how one path of neoliberal restructuring in the United States emerged in tandem with, and in response to, the Civil Rights movement.  Drawing on ethnographic research in one New York City school district, Unsettling Choice traces the contestations that surfaced when, in the wake of the 2007–2009 Great Recession, public schools navigated austerity by expanding choice-based programs. Ujju Aggarwal argues that this strategy, positioned as “saving public schools,” mobilized mechanisms rooted in market logics to recruit families with economic capital on their side, thereby solidifying a public sphere that increasingly resembled the private—where contingency was anticipated and rights for some were marked by intensified precarity for poor and working-class Black and Latinx families. As Unsettling Choice shows, these struggles over public schools—one of the last remaining universal public goods in the United States—were entrapped within neoliberal regimes that exceeded privatization and ensured exclusion even as they were couched in language of equity, diversity, care, and rights. And yet this richly detailed and engaging book also tracks an architecture of expansive rights, care, and belonging built among poor and working-class parents at a Head Start center, whose critique of choice helps us understand how we might struggle for—and reimagine—justice, and a public that remains to be won. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/anthropology

What do universal rights to public goods like education mean when codified as individual, private choices? Is the “problem” of school choice actually not about better choices for all but, rather, about the competition and exclusion that choice engenders—guaranteeing a system of winners and losers? Unsettling Choice: Race, Rights, and the Partitioning of Public Education (U Minnesota Press, 2024) addresses such questions through a compelling ethnography that illuminates how one path of neoliberal restructuring in the United States emerged in tandem with, and in response to, the Civil Rights movement.  Drawing on ethnographic research in one New York City school district, Unsettling Choice traces the contestations that surfaced when, in the wake of the 2007–2009 Great Recession, public schools navigated austerity by expanding choice-based programs. Ujju Aggarwal argues that this strategy, positioned as “saving public schools,” mobilized mechanisms rooted in market logics to recruit families with economic capital on their side, thereby solidifying a public sphere that increasingly resembled the private—where contingency was anticipated and rights for some were marked by intensified precarity for poor and working-class Black and Latinx families. As Unsettling Choice shows, these struggles over public schools—one of the last remaining universal public goods in the United States—were entrapped within neoliberal regimes that exceeded privatization and ensured exclusion even as they were couched in language of equity, diversity, care, and rights. And yet this richly detailed and engaging book also tracks an architecture of expansive rights, care, and belonging built among poor and working-class parents at a Head Start center, whose critique of choice helps us understand how we might struggle for—and reimagine—justice, and a public that remains to be won. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/sociology

What do universal rights to public goods like education mean when codified as individual, private choices? Is the “problem” of school choice actually not about better choices for all but, rather, about the competition and exclusion that choice engenders—guaranteeing a system of winners and losers? Unsettling Choice: Race, Rights, and the Partitioning of Public Education (U Minnesota Press, 2024) addresses such questions through a compelling ethnography that illuminates how one path of neoliberal restructuring in the United States emerged in tandem with, and in response to, the Civil Rights movement.  Drawing on ethnographic research in one New York City school district, Unsettling Choice traces the contestations that surfaced when, in the wake of the 2007–2009 Great Recession, public schools navigated austerity by expanding choice-based programs. Ujju Aggarwal argues that this strategy, positioned as “saving public schools,” mobilized mechanisms rooted in market logics to recruit families with economic capital on their side, thereby solidifying a public sphere that increasingly resembled the private—where contingency was anticipated and rights for some were marked by intensified precarity for poor and working-class Black and Latinx families. As Unsettling Choice shows, these struggles over public schools—one of the last remaining universal public goods in the United States—were entrapped within neoliberal regimes that exceeded privatization and ensured exclusion even as they were couched in language of equity, diversity, care, and rights. And yet this richly detailed and engaging book also tracks an architecture of expansive rights, care, and belonging built among poor and working-class parents at a Head Start center, whose critique of choice helps us understand how we might struggle for—and reimagine—justice, and a public that remains to be won. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/american-studies

What do universal rights to public goods like education mean when codified as individual, private choices? Is the “problem” of school choice actually not about better choices for all but, rather, about the competition and exclusion that choice engenders—guaranteeing a system of winners and losers? Unsettling Choice: Race, Rights, and the Partitioning of Public Education (U Minnesota Press, 2024) addresses such questions through a compelling ethnography that illuminates how one path of neoliberal restructuring in the United States emerged in tandem with, and in response to, the Civil Rights movement.  Drawing on ethnographic research in one New York City school district, Unsettling Choice traces the contestations that surfaced when, in the wake of the 2007–2009 Great Recession, public schools navigated austerity by expanding choice-based programs. Ujju Aggarwal argues that this strategy, positioned as “saving public schools,” mobilized mechanisms rooted in market logics to recruit families with economic capital on their side, thereby solidifying a public sphere that increasingly resembled the private—where contingency was anticipated and rights for some were marked by intensified precarity for poor and working-class Black and Latinx families. As Unsettling Choice shows, these struggles over public schools—one of the last remaining universal public goods in the United States—were entrapped within neoliberal regimes that exceeded privatization and ensured exclusion even as they were couched in language of equity, diversity, care, and rights. And yet this richly detailed and engaging book also tracks an architecture of expansive rights, care, and belonging built among poor and working-class parents at a Head Start center, whose critique of choice helps us understand how we might struggle for—and reimagine—justice, and a public that remains to be won. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/public-policy

What do universal rights to public goods like education mean when codified as individual, private choices? Is the “problem” of school choice actually not about better choices for all but, rather, about the competition and exclusion that choice engenders—guaranteeing a system of winners and losers? Unsettling Choice: Race, Rights, and the Partitioning of Public Education (U Minnesota Press, 2024) addresses such questions through a compelling ethnography that illuminates how one path of neoliberal restructuring in the United States emerged in tandem with, and in response to, the Civil Rights movement.  Drawing on ethnographic research in one New York City school district, Unsettling Choice traces the contestations that surfaced when, in the wake of the 2007–2009 Great Recession, public schools navigated austerity by expanding choice-based programs. Ujju Aggarwal argues that this strategy, positioned as “saving public schools,” mobilized mechanisms rooted in market logics to recruit families with economic capital on their side, thereby solidifying a public sphere that increasingly resembled the private—where contingency was anticipated and rights for some were marked by intensified precarity for poor and working-class Black and Latinx families. As Unsettling Choice shows, these struggles over public schools—one of the last remaining universal public goods in the United States—were entrapped within neoliberal regimes that exceeded privatization and ensured exclusion even as they were couched in language of equity, diversity, care, and rights. And yet this richly detailed and engaging book also tracks an architecture of expansive rights, care, and belonging built among poor and working-class parents at a Head Start center, whose critique of choice helps us understand how we might struggle for—and reimagine—justice, and a public that remains to be won. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/education

What do universal rights to public goods like education mean when codified as individual, private choices? Is the “problem” of school choice actually not about better choices for all but, rather, about the competition and exclusion that choice engenders—guaranteeing a system of winners and losers? Unsettling Choice: Race, Rights, and the Partitioning of Public Education (U Minnesota Press, 2024) addresses such questions through a compelling ethnography that illuminates how one path of neoliberal restructuring in the United States emerged in tandem with, and in response to, the Civil Rights movement.  Drawing on ethnographic research in one New York City school district, Unsettling Choice traces the contestations that surfaced when, in the wake of the 2007–2009 Great Recession, public schools navigated austerity by expanding choice-based programs. Ujju Aggarwal argues that this strategy, positioned as “saving public schools,” mobilized mechanisms rooted in market logics to recruit families with economic capital on their side, thereby solidifying a public sphere that increasingly resembled the private—where contingency was anticipated and rights for some were marked by intensified precarity for poor and working-class Black and Latinx families. As Unsettling Choice shows, these struggles over public schools—one of the last remaining universal public goods in the United States—were entrapped within neoliberal regimes that exceeded privatization and ensured exclusion even as they were couched in language of equity, diversity, care, and rights. And yet this richly detailed and engaging book also tracks an architecture of expansive rights, care, and belonging built among poor and working-class parents at a Head Start center, whose critique of choice helps us understand how we might struggle for—and reimagine—justice, and a public that remains to be won. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/politics-and-polemics

What do universal rights to public goods like education mean when codified as individual, private choices? Is the “problem” of school choice actually not about better choices for all but, rather, about the competition and exclusion that choice engenders—guaranteeing a system of winners and losers? Unsettling Choice: Race, Rights, and the Partitioning of Public Education (U Minnesota Press, 2024) addresses such questions through a compelling ethnography that illuminates how one path of neoliberal restructuring in the United States emerged in tandem with, and in response to, the Civil Rights movement.  Drawing on ethnographic research in one New York City school district, Unsettling Choice traces the contestations that surfaced when, in the wake of the 2007–2009 Great Recession, public schools navigated austerity by expanding choice-based programs. Ujju Aggarwal argues that this strategy, positioned as “saving public schools,” mobilized mechanisms rooted in market logics to recruit families with economic capital on their side, thereby solidifying a public sphere that increasingly resembled the private—where contingency was anticipated and rights for some were marked by intensified precarity for poor and working-class Black and Latinx families. As Unsettling Choice shows, these struggles over public schools—one of the last remaining universal public goods in the United States—were entrapped within neoliberal regimes that exceeded privatization and ensured exclusion even as they were couched in language of equity, diversity, care, and rights. And yet this richly detailed and engaging book also tracks an architecture of expansive rights, care, and belonging built among poor and working-class parents at a Head Start center, whose critique of choice helps us understand how we might struggle for—and reimagine—justice, and a public that remains to be won. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/book-of-the-day

This afternoon on the Black Tech Building Episode. I'm going to discuss pt.2 of last Tuesday episode. Topics including V3 Sports Center including BLM involvement, Bobby Champion and the Negro Coon Class. More information on Black Tech Mis-leadership Class missing leaders professionals and founders Next, Discussing Black Coonservative in MN. Lastly, Demo. of Partitioning with the last tech news. Today's Black Tech Discussion 6/25/2024 https://minnesotareformer.com/2024/02/28/minnesota-lawmakers-gave-nonprofits-1-1-billion-last-year-will-we-know-if-its-well-spent/ https://www.mprnews.org/story/2020/07/15/meet-the-black-activists-behind-the-10k-protests-in-the-twin-cities https://www.mprnews.org/story/2018/02/09/minn-black-entrepreneurs-tech-firm-success https://coverager.com/akko-acquires-upsie/ https://mn.gov/mnit/about-mnit/leadership/ https://apnews.com/article/anton-tony-lazzaro-gop-operative-sex-trafficking-e4fc3e85fe5597b645e74d921246b963 https://campaignlegal.org/update/clc-complaint-alleges-royce-white-misused-and-misreported-campaign-donors-funds Recorded on 6/25/2024 --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/ben-uko/message

Partitioning, or splitting a single physical hard drive into multiple drives, has pros and cons. I'll look at those and make a recommendation.

Michael and Nikolay are joined by three special guests for episode 100 who have all scaled Postgres to significant scale — Arka Ganguli from Notion, Sammy Steele from Figma, and Derk van Veen from Adyen. They cover how their setup has evolved, what their plans are for the future, and get into the weeds of some fun and interesting challenges along the way!Links to some of the things discussed: Arka Ganguli from Notion https://postgres.fm/people/arka-ganguliSammy Steele from Figma https://postgres.fm/people/sammy-steeleDerk van Veen from Adyen https://postgres.fm/people/derk-van-veenThank you to yerrysherry on Reddit for the idea! https://www.reddit.com/r/PostgreSQL/comments/1cn8ajh/what_should_we_do_for_episode_100_of_postgres_fmLessons learned from sharding Postgres at Notion (October 2021) https://www.notion.so/blog/sharding-postgres-at-notionAdding Postgres capacity (again) with zero downtime (July 2023) https://www.notion.so/blog/the-great-re-shardHow Figma's databases team lived to tell the scale (March 2024) https://www.figma.com/blog/how-figmas-databases-team-lived-to-tell-the-scaleUpdating a 50 terabyte PostgreSQL database (March 2018) https://www.adyen.com/knowledge-hub/updating-a-50-terabyte-postgresql-databasePart 1: Introduction to Table Partitioning (July 2023) https://www.adyen.com/knowledge-hub/introduction-to-table-partioningPart 2: Partitioning at Adyen (October 2023) https://www.adyen.com/knowledge-hub/partitioning-at-adyenPart 3: Maintenance Under Pressure (January 2024) https://www.adyen.com/knowledge-hub/maintenance-under-pressureFighting PostgreSQL write amplification with HOT updates (May 2022) https://www.adyen.com/knowledge-hub/postgresql-hot-updatesTracking HOT updates and tuning FillFactor (October 2022) https://www.adyen.com/knowledge-hub/postgresql-hot-updates-part2Partitioning your Postgres tables for 20X better performance (upcoming talk by Derk at Posette) https://www.citusdata.com/posette/speakers/derk-van-veenFigma, including Sammy's team, is hiring https://www.figma.com/careers Notion's engineering team is hiring https://www.notion.so/careersAdyen's engineering team is hiring https://careers.adyen.com~~~What did you like or not like? What should we discuss next time? Let us know via a YouTube comment, on social media, or by commenting on our Google doc!~~~Postgres FM is produced by:Michael Christofides, founder of pgMustardNikolay Samokhvalov, founder of Postgres.aiWith special thanks to:Jessie Draws for the elephant artwork 

Have you Ever Heard that Israel is the West's greatest strategic ally in the Middle East? Well, we're going to talk about how that is blazingly untrue and we're going all the way back to 1947 to do it. Welcome to Colonial Outcasts, your semi-friendly neighborhood anti-Imperialist podcast, and hot-darn it! We just pulled some Top Secret documents from the depths of the national archives, declassified but still unseen, from 1947, in which the Joint Chiefs of Staff advised then president Harry Truman that partitioning Palestine and recognizing the state of Israel will screw US global interests over in the long run. And we wanted to highlight these memos, written by guys who your Dad would probably credit with winning World War II, in this episode because aren't y'all absolutely sick of hearing ancient grey-haired politicians gas on about how Israel is America's most important strategic ally in the Middle East? We are. Check us out on patreon for extra content!

In this video I speak with Felix GV, who is a Principal Staff Engineer at Linkedin, and has done major contributions to the data infrastructure and Linkedin, including VeniceDB. This episode will give you a good understanding of why we need a new database for storing "Derived Data" in a low latency, high performance manner, which is very important for Machine Learning workloads. Chapters: 00:00 Introduction 01:42 The Evolution of LinkedIn's Databases 03:15 Challenges with Voldemort and the Birth of VeniceDB 08:42 Understanding Derived Data 13:33 Planet-Scale Applications and Multi-Region Support 17:40 Writing Data into VeniceDB 22:53 Merging Data in VeniceDB 40:31 Understanding the Architecture 40:47 Components of the Write Path 41:56 Leader and Follower Architecture 43:58 Partitioning and DaVinci Client 47:57 Read Patterns and Client Options 54:25 Fault Tolerance and Recommender Systems 01:01:19 Kafka Integration and Deployment 01:06:56 Roadmap and Future Improvements Important links: VeniceDB blog: https://www.linkedin.com/blog/engineering/open-source/open-sourcing-venice-linkedin-s-derived-data-platform VeniceDB docs: https://venicedb.org/ Qcon: https://youtu.be/pJeg4V3JgYo?si=vblGUxp5fNdKPHoC Follow me on Linkedin and Twitter: https://www.linkedin.com/in/kaivalyaapte/ and https://twitter.com/thegeeknarrator If you like this episode, please hit the like button and share it with your network. Also please subscribe if you haven't yet. Database internals series: https://youtu.be/yV_Zp0Mi3xs Popular playlists: Realtime streaming systems: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLL7QpTxsA4se-mAKKoVOs3VcaP71X_LA- Software Engineering: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLL7QpTxsA4sf6By03bot5BhKoMgxDUU17 Distributed systems and databases: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLL7QpTxsA4sfLDUnjBJXJGFhhz94jDd_d Modern databases: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLL7QpTxsA4scSeZAsCUXijtnfW5ARlrsN Stay Curios! Keep Learning! #kafka #linkedin #venicedb #Rocksdb

In this episode, we cover the untold and complex experience of local climbers in the Greater Ranges—how Sherpa, Baltis, and other local climbers have navigated the complex landscape of living and working on Everest and in the Karakoram. We sat down with three incredible writers—Nandini Purandare and Deepa Balsavar, who are the authors of the newly released book "Headstrap–Legends and Lore from the Climbing Sherpas of Darjeeling"; and also the well-known mountain writer Bernadette McDonald, who has recently released "Alpine Rising: Sherpas, Baltis, and the Triumph of Local Climbers in the Greater Ranges." Though it's easy to lump these mountains together from a foreign climber's perspective, these books cover distinct geographical locations that are deeply impacted by the politics of this region of the world. In conversation, these writers illuminated the unique challenges for Nepali, Tibetan, Pakistani, and Sherpa climbers from Darjeeling, as well as the shared challenges that all of these climbers have faced in making a name for themselves, fighting for safe working conditions, navigating the way colonization has impacted the boundaries of mountaineering, and more. We discuss topics like how Tenzing Norgay's identifying as Sherpa when he first climbed Everest catapulted the idea of “Sherpa” into the limelight, how the Partitioning of India and Pakistan affects the work prospects of Darjeeling Sherpa, navigating relationships with foreign climbers vs climbing for themselves, and much more. Whether you're a mountaineer yourself, or just have a passing respect for Everest, join us in this episode to hear about the deeply human experiences of individual Sherpa and Pakistani climbers, and how they navigate death, risk, financial independence and glory in the big mountains of our world. Learn more about these two books and grab a copy yourself at mountaineers.org/books! ** We apologize but there are two or three moments in this episode where the audio was corrupted—we couldn't fix it, but we think the episode is great anyway! Sorry for the inconvenience!

In this video, I talk to Dhruba, CTO @Rockset about search and realtime analytics. We discussed deep internals of Rockset, its architecture and why is it a great fit for search and realtime analytics use cases. Chapters: 00:00 Introduction 02:45 The Evolution of Data Systems: From Hadoop to Rockset 07:30 Understanding Rockset: Real-Time Analytics and Search Defined 12:01 The Technical Edge: Rockset vs. Elasticsearch 18:16 Deep Dive into Rockset's Architecture and Internals 28:21 Partitioning, Hashing, and Data Distribution in Rockset 36:56 Exploring Hot Storage and Cache Layers 37:40 Why Hot Storage is Essential for Low Latency 39:05 Optimizing Data Storage with Compression and Delta Encoding 39:49 Balancing Cost and Performance in Data Storage 41:50 The Power of Converged Indexing in Rockset 45:50 Efficient Query Execution and Index Management 54:51 Leveraging Mutability for Real-Time Analytics 59:24 Deep Dive into Query Processing and Optimization 01:04:21 Understanding Joins and Reporting Queries in Rockset 01:12:23 Future Directions and Vector Search Innovations Index Conference: https://rockset.com/index-conf/ Follow me on Linkedin and Twitter: https://www.linkedin.com/in/kaivalyaapte/ and https://twitter.com/thegeeknarrator If you like this episode, please hit the like button and share it with your network. Also please subscribe if you haven't yet. Database internals series: https://youtu.be/yV_Zp0Mi3xs Popular playlists: Realtime streaming systems: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLL7QpTxsA4se-mAKKoVOs3VcaP71X_LA- Software Engineering: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLL7QpTxsA4sf6By03bot5BhKoMgxDUU17 Distributed systems and databases: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLL7QpTxsA4sfLDUnjBJXJGFhhz94jDd_d Modern databases: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLL7QpTxsA4scSeZAsCUXijtnfW5ARlrsN Stay Curios! Keep Learning! #rockset #elasticsearch #search #vectorsearch #realtime #databases #sql #joins #indexes

Alex Merced discusses some of the major differences in how Apache Iceberg and Delta Lake work that lead to: Follow me on social https://bio.alexmerced.com/data

In this episode I am talking to Javier Ramirez from QuestDB, about everything QuestDB. This episode is a great resource to understand how QuestDB works, its architecture, what is it optimised for and whats upcoming as per the roadmap. If you have timeseries data and need a simple yet highly scalable solution, #QuestDB is a great option. Chapters: 00:00 Introduction 03:04 Understanding QuestDB: Origins and Use Cases 09:21 Deep Dive into QuestDB's Architecture and Data Ingestion 19:07 Optimizing Data Reads and Writes in QuestDB 28:40 Exploring Data Granularity and Partitioning in QuestDB 29:29 Optimizing Query Performance with Partition Strategies 30:26 Handling Data Ingestion and Query Efficiency 32:58 In-depth Look at Data Duplication and Ingestion Performance 34:55 Understanding Compression and Its Impact on Performance 38:51 Replication and Data Distribution Strategies 47:10 Observability and Metrics in QuestDB 50:57 Future Developments and Enhancements in QuestDB 58:45 Closing Remarks Links: QuestDB: https://questdb.io/ Github: https://github.com/questdb/questdb =============================================================================== For discount on the below courses: Appsync: https://appsyncmasterclass.com/?affiliateId=41c07a65-24c8-4499-af3c-b853a3495003 Testing serverless: https://testserverlessapps.com/?affiliateId=41c07a65-24c8-4499-af3c-b853a3495003 Production-Ready Serverless: https://productionreadyserverless.com/?affiliateId=41c07a65-24c8-4499-af3c-b853a3495003 Use the button, Add Discount and enter "geeknarrator" discount code to get 20% discount. =============================================================================== Follow me on Linkedin and Twitter: https://www.linkedin.com/in/kaivalyaapte/ and https://twitter.com/thegeeknarrator If you like this episode, please hit the like button and share it with your network. Also please subscribe if you haven't yet. Database internals series: https://youtu.be/yV_Zp0Mi3xs Popular playlists: Realtime streaming systems: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLL7QpTxsA4se-mAKKoVOs3VcaP71X_LA- Software Engineering: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLL7QpTxsA4sf6By03bot5BhKoMgxDUU17 Distributed systems and databases: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLL7QpTxsA4sfLDUnjBJXJGFhhz94jDd_d Modern databases: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLL7QpTxsA4scSeZAsCUXijtnfW5ARlrsN Stay Curios! Keep Learning! #questdb #sql #timeseries #timeseriesanalysis #databases #highscale #scaleup #performance #parquet #S3 #replication #writeaheadlog #wal #durability #columnstore

Michael is joined by Chelsea Dole, Staff Software Engineer and Tech Lead of the Data Storage Team at Brex, to discuss bloat. They cover what it is, why it's a problem, strategies for minimising it, and the options when it's really bad. Here are some links to things they mentioned:Managing your tuple graveyard (talk by Chelsea) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gAgbzvGT6ckpgstattuple https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/pgstattuple.html pg_class https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/catalog-pg-class.html Bloat in PostgreSQL: a taxonomy (talk by Peter Geoghegan) https://youtube.com/watch?v=JDG4bMHxCH8 It's Not You, It's Me: Breaking Up with Massive Tables via Partitioning (talk by Chelsea) https://youtube.com/watch?v=TafwSuLNxe8 pg_repack https://github.com/reorg/pg_repackpg_squeeze https://github.com/cybertec-postgresql/pg_squeeze VACUUM https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/sql-vacuum.htmlautovacuum https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/runtime-config-autovacuum.html CLUSTER https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/sql-cluster.html HOT updates https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/storage-hot.html Our episode on BUFFERS https://postgres.fm/episodes/buffers-by-default Our episode on TOAST https://postgres.fm/episodes/toast Our episode on index maintenance https://postgres.fm/episodes/index-maintenance Chelsea's website: https://chelseadole.com/~~~What did you like or not like? What should we discuss next time? Let us know via a YouTube comment, on social media, or by commenting on our Google doc!~~~Postgres FM is produced by:Michael Christofides, founder of pgMustardNikolay Samokhvalov, founder of Postgres.aiWith special thanks to:Jessie Draws for the amazing artwork 

Nikolay and Michael discuss partitioning by ULID — revisiting some of the old UUID vs bigint key debate in light of some new UUID specs, and how these can be used for partitioning (by time).  Here are some links to things they mentioned:Nikolay's episode on UUID (for primary keys) https://postgres.fm/episodes/uuid Postgres TV hacking session with Andrey and Kirk: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YPq_hiOE-N8UUIDv7 patch https://commitfest.postgresql.org/43/4388/ Use ULID Idempotency Keys (tip 6 in this blog post from Shopify) https://shopify.engineering/building-resilient-payment-systems Nikolay's howto post on UUID v7 and partitioning with TimescaleDB https://gitlab.com/postgres-ai/postgresql-consulting/postgres-howtos/-/blob/main/0065_uuid_v7_and_partitioning_timescaledb.md Hussein Nasser's YouTube video about the above https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f53-Iw_5ucA UUID proposal that includes UUIDv7 and UUIDv8 (work in progress): https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-uuidrev-rfc4122bis/history/  James Blackwood-Sewell advice on more elegant solution using TimescaleDB https://twitter.com/jamessewell/status/1730125437903450129 ULIDs and Stripe IDs (section of Identity Crisis blog post by Brandur) https://brandur.org/nanoglyphs/026-ids#ulids Crunchy Bridge changed their default random_page_cost to 1.1

Get your DEMYSTICON 2024 tickets here: https://www.eventbrite.com/e/demysticon-2024-tickets-727054969987 Embark on a thought-provoking journey into the realms of metaphysical idealism and artificial intelligence with Dr. Bernardo Kastrup, a distinguished philosopher and computer engineer. In this engaging long-form conversation, we delve into the intricacies of consciousness, exploring topics from the philosophical nuances of writing to the cutting-edge possibilities of biomimetic design. Dr. Kastrup sheds light on the challenges of defining life and the origins of selfhood at the cellular level. Join us as we navigate the blurred lines between mind and body, dissect the significance of true parts, and challenge traditional notions of physical versus real. This intellectual odyssey offers profound insights into unitary consciousness, the nature of reality, and the profound interconnectedness of our existence. Whether you're a philosophy enthusiast, AI aficionado, or simply curious about the mysteries of consciousness, this conversation is sure to ignite your intellectual curiosity and leave you pondering the profound questions that shape our understanding of existence. Tell us what you think in the comments or on our Discord: https://discord.gg/MJzKT8CQub Sign up for a yearly Patreon membership for discounted conference tickets: https://bit.ly/3lcAasB Support the pod and Bernardo when you pick up his books here: https://amzn.to/47K0q3M (00:00:00) Go! (00:00:17) On Writing (00:17:43) What we seek from books (00:28:30) Conflating being famous with being special (00:37:10) Giving things up to get things (00:44:12) The social butterfly and the sinecured monk (00:51:50) Protecting yourself from powerful, complicated systems (00:57:53) Taking biomimetic design to its farthest ends (01:08:06) Bionic futures (01:16:49) What makes life so hard to define? (01:27:35) Cellular origins of selfhood (01:38:35) Organisms blending lines of identity (01:51:37) Unitary consciousness (01:55:48) The significance of true parts (02:07:13) Placebo effects & unknown awarenesses (02:19:17) Forget mind/body duality, it's body/motion duality (02:26:55) A purely mental world (02:40:54) Physical vs real (02:52:30) Reasoning as a path to the real (03:00:28) Partitioning the phenomenon and the noumenon (03:06:06) Closing thoughts #MetaphysicalIdealism #ConsciousnessPhilosophy #AIandPhilosophy #BernardoKastrup #DeepConversations #MindBodyExploration #RealityPerception #ConsciousnessStudies #CognitiveScience #ExistentialReflections #BiomimeticDesign #BionicFutures #CellularSelfhood #UnitaryConsciousness #MetaphysicalInquiry Check our short-films channel, @DemystifySci: https://www.youtube.com/c/DemystifyingScience AND our material science investigations of atomics, @MaterialAtomics https://www.youtube.com/@MaterialAtomics Join our mailing list https://bit.ly/3v3kz2S PODCAST INFO: Anastasia completed her PhD studying bioelectricity at Columbia University. When not talking to brilliant people or making movies, she spends her time painting, reading, and guiding backcountry excursions. Shilo also did his PhD at Columbia studying the elastic properties of molecular water. When he's not in the film studio, he's exploring sound in music. They are both freelance professors at various universities. - Blog: http://DemystifySci.com/blog - RSS: https://anchor.fm/s/2be66934/podcast/rss - Donate: https://bit.ly/3wkPqaD - Swag: https://bit.ly/2PXdC2y SOCIAL: - Discord: https://discord.gg/MJzKT8CQub - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/groups/DemystifySci - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/DemystifySci/ - Twitter: https://twitter.com/DemystifySci MUSIC: -Shilo Delay: https://g.co/kgs/oty671

In this episode of The Brainy Business podcast, you'll hear a fascinating conversation between host Melina Palmer and guest David McRaney. They delve into the power of perception and how our minds construct reality. David shares his journey of discovering the topic of perception while researching for his book. The discussion explores how our prior experiences and brain processes influence our perception, and how our perception can vary greatly based on individual differences. By understanding the power of perception, you'll gain valuable insights that can enhance your content creation and improve your understanding of how we construct our reality. So, join Melina and David on this thought-provoking episode to expand your knowledge and gain a new perspective on perception. In this episode: Discover the science behind psychology and behavior change. Explore the power of perception and how our minds construct reality, revealing the impact it has on our thoughts, feelings, and actions. Understand the intricacies of belief change and gain practical strategies for effectively changing minds and transforming perspectives. Bonus: Learn expert tips for conducting interviews and securing interesting guests to keep your podcast episodes compelling and informative. Show Notes: 00:00:00 - Introduction, Melina Palmer introduces this episode, featuring a conversation with David McRaney about his book "How Minds Change." She explains that the book explores the psychology of changing minds and discusses why she chose to feature this episode. 00:02:32 - David McRaney's Background, David shares his background, from owning businesses to working in journalism and local television. He talks about starting his blog, You Are Not So Smart, which led to a book deal and a successful podcast. He mentions his interest in biases, fallacies, and critical thinking. 00:05:00 - Overview of How Minds Change, David introduces his book, How Minds Change, which explores the psychology of changing opinions, persuasion, and social change. He discusses his fascination with understanding conspiratorial thinking, resistance to change, and misinformation. 00:07:59 - Advice for Discerning Pursuits, David advises against jumping into trends and suggests pursuing topics that spark a deep curiosity and obsession. He recommends exploring areas that you want to share with others and that drive you to learn more. 00:10:53 - Importance of Following an Obsession, David emphasizes the importance of following an obsession and delving deep into a topic of interest. He shares his personal experience with his blog, You Are Not So Smart, and how his curiosity led to the success of his book and podcast. 00:14:02 - The Importance of Enthusiasm and Passion in Podcasts, David discusses how he can quickly tell if a podcast is just following an algorithm, and emphasizes the importance of infectious enthusiasm and passion in keeping listeners engaged. 00:14:30 - The Need for Genuine Interest in Writing a Book, David's agent stresses the importance of genuine passion and commitment when pitching book ideas, and he agrees that he prefers to embark on a book project without all the answers, allowing the authoritative voice to emerge naturally. 00:15:17 - McRaney's Approach to Writing a Book, As a journalist, David believes that his books are better when his authoritative voice develops throughout the project, taking readers on a journey of discovery and learning alongside him. 00:18:04 - Behavioral Baking and Connecting with the Audience, David shares his experience with introducing a cookie segment on his podcast, where he would bake cookies and share them with his audience. While some loved it, others were not as enthusiastic, leading David to retire the segment after 100 episodes. Melina discusses his concept of "Behavioral Baking" and how it ties into her podcast. 00:28:08 - The Power of Networking, David shares his experience of reaching out to experts at NYU and how it led to valuable connections and collaborations for his podcast and book projects. 00:29:33 - The Fascination with the Dress, David discusses the viral phenomenon of "the dress," an image that appeared on the internet and sparked intense debate over its colors. He explains how this event became a touchstone for understanding disagreements and perception. 00:31:35 - The Importance of Curiosity, David emphasizes the importance of curiosity and asking questions when networking and conducting interviews. He shares advice from a seasoned journalist on always coming back with multiple story ideas to avoid writer's block. 00:32:45 - The Dress Phenomenon Explained, McRaney delves into the psychology and neuroscience behind the dress illusion. He explains how the brain processes overexposed images and how this can lead to different color perceptions. He references the strawberries illusion as another example. 00:43:09 - Going Beyond Right and Wrong, Engaging in arguments over who is right and who is wrong prevents deeper conversations about why people hold different interpretations. This applies to various disagreements and limits our understanding of ourselves and others. 00:45:25 - The Croc Experiment, The croc experiment demonstrated the surf pad concept by showing that people's prior experiences influenced how they perceived the color of crocs and socks under different lighting conditions. This bizarre experiment highlights the complexity of perception and how it varies among individuals. 00:49:36 - Minds Changing on Same-Sex Marriage, The shift in attitudes towards same-sex marriage challenged the notion that people can't change their minds. Understanding what happens in a person's brain when they no longer agree with their past beliefs became the focus of investigation. 00:51:28 - How to Change Minds, Changing minds requires moving away from a confrontational approach and towards compassionate listening. Brute-forcing facts on others doesn't work; instead, engaging in non-judgmental conversations that allow for understanding can lead to effective persuasion. 00:55:43 - Conclusion, Melina's top insights from the conversation. What stuck with you while listening to the episode? What are you going to try? Come share it with Melina on social media -- you'll find her as @thebrainybiz everywhere and as Melina Palmer on LinkedIn. Thanks for listening. Don't forget to subscribe on Apple Podcasts or Android. If you like what you heard, please leave a review on iTunes and share what you liked about the show.  I hope you love everything recommended via The Brainy Business! Everything was independently reviewed and selected by me, Melina Palmer. So you know, as an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases. That means if you decide to shop from the links on this page (via Amazon or others), The Brainy Business may collect a share of sales or other compensation. Let's connect: Melina@TheBrainyBusiness.com The Brainy Business® on Facebook The Brainy Business on Twitter The Brainy Business on Instagram The Brainy Business on LinkedIn Melina on LinkedIn The Brainy Business on Youtube Connect with David: DAVID'S WEBSITE DAVID ON TWITTER DAVID ON LINKEDIN Learn and Support The Brainy Business: Check out and get your copies of Melina's Books.  Get the Books Mentioned on (or related to) this Episode: How Minds Change, by David McRaney You Are Not So Smart, by David McRaney You Are Now Less Dumb, by David McRaney What Your Employees Need and Can't Tell You, by Melina Palmer Look, by Christian Madsbjerg Top Recommended Next Episode: Confirmation Bias (ep 260) Already Heard That One? Try These:  Robert Cialdini and the (Now!) 7 Principles of Persuasion (ep 312) Influence Is Your Superpower with Yale's Dr. Zoe Chance (ep 189) A More Beautiful Question with Warren Berger (episode 200) Indistractible, with Nir Eyal (ep 290) Survivorship Bias (ep 110) Focusing Illusion (ep 330) Priming (ep 252) What is Behavioral Baking? (episode 155) Partitioning (ep 252) You Have More Influence Than You Think with Vanessa Bohns (ep 318) The Power of Us with Dr. Dominic Packer (ep 304) Reciprocity (ep 238) Sense Of Smell (ep 298) Sense of Sight (ep 24) Look, with Christian Madsbjerg (ep 325) A More Just Future, with Dolly Chugh (ep 247) Negativity Bias (ep 223) The Dunning Kruger Effect (ep 266) Both/And Thinking, with Wendy Smith (ep 261) Other Important Links:  Brainy Bites - Melina's LinkedIn Newsletter You Are Not So Smart Website The Dress Strawberry Illusion

Dr. Eric continues his series on nutrient and body composition - building muscle while burning fat. On this episode he discusses the importance of anabolic drive and how to improve it! --- Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/dr-eric---the-fitness-physician/support

In this episode of The Brainy Business podcast, host Melina Palmer interviews Vanessa Bohns, a social psychologist and author of You Have More Influence Than You Think. The conversation explores many concepts, including the spotlight effect, invisibility cloak illusion, the focusing illusion, and more, and how they impact the way we show up in the world. Vanessa explains that even when it feels like everyone is looking at you, people are more focused on themselves and are not constantly judging our every move. The episode also dives into the importance of dissent and expressing our opinions, highlighting that speaking up can have a significant impact on conversations. The challenges of virtual presentations are discussed, including the absence of audience feedback. Vanessa shares techniques to keep virtual meetings engaging, such as utilizing the chat function and allowing everyone to contribute. She also reassures listeners that it's more important to focus on the overall message than getting every word perfect. The main takeaway is that individuals have more influence than they think, and being mindful of our words and actions can have a profound impact on others. This episode provides valuable insights for individuals looking to enhance their influence and navigate communication (both virtual and in-person) effectively. Delve into the fascinating realm of influence and perception and learn their true power in your life and business. Unveil the intriguing concepts of the spotlight effect and invisibility cloak illusion and explore how they could be affecting your view of yourself and others. Discover the significant role of audience reactions on speakers and understand the saying-is-believing effect from an all-new perspective. Identify the challenges of virtual presentations and learn effective techniques to engage and sustain the interest of your participants. Realize the extent of your influence and the imperative need to practice mindfulness in your interactions. Show Notes: 00:00:00 - Introduction, Melina Palmer introduces episode 318 of The Brainy Business podcast featuring Dr. Vanessa Bohns. She mentions that this episode is a refresh of a previous conversation and explains the reason for choosing to revisit this topic because of how it ties in with this upcoming Friday's conversation with Andrea Learned. Melina encourages listeners to consider their own influence and how they can make positive changes.  00:02:35 - Vanessa Bohns' Background and Approach to Influence Vanessa Bohns, an experimental social psychologist, discusses her unique approach to studying social influence, which focuses on examining the gap between our intuitions about influence and the reality of our influence. She shares a personal research experience that led her to explore this topic and highlights the importance of understanding how we perceive our own influence. 00:05:59 - The Spotlight Effect and the Invisibility Cloak Illusion Vanessa explains the spotlight effect, which refers to our tendency to believe that others are paying more attention to our embarrassing or negative features than they actually are. She also discusses the invisibility cloak illusion, where we feel invisible to others but are actually being noticed more than we think. These concepts demonstrate that people pay attention to us as a whole, not just our insecurities. 00:09:47 - Having More Influence Than We Think Vanessa discusses how our influence extends beyond our self-perceived flaws and insecurities. She explains Erica Boothby's research on the invisibility cloak illusion, showing that people pay attention to us and our behaviors more than we realize. This insight reveals that we have more influence over others' behavior and actions than we think. 00:14:44 - The Influence of the Audience, Just being their–even if you don't say anything–can shape the experience and conversation. For example, the presence of a woman in a room can shape the way others talk about an issue as people engage in audience tuning. The audience's reactions and nonverbal cues can shape the beliefs of the person speaking, leading to a change in the message being delivered now and into the future. 00:15:28 - Virtual Presentations and Feedback, Virtual presentations can be challenging without the immediate feedback of the audience's reactions. The loss of laughter and nonverbal cues can lead to uncertainty and the need to adjust. Incorporating polls, chat questions, and breakout rooms can help maintain engagement and gather feedback. 00:21:16 - Maintaining Engagement in Virtual Meetings, In virtual meetings, it's important to ensure that everyone remains engaged and participates. Encouraging turn-taking and giving everyone a chance to voice their thoughts can help prevent people from getting lost or feeling unheard. Breakout rooms can also be used to facilitate discussions. 00:25:38 - The Power of the Audience in a Virtual World, In a virtual environment, the power of the audience's nonverbal communication is diminished. Those who are shy or hesitant to speak up can utilize the chat function to express their thoughts and contribute to the discussion without having to interrupt or speak aloud. Writing out thoughts in advance can also help overcome shyness and articulate ideas effectively. 00:30:05 - The Opportunity for Thoughtful Input, It's difficult for people to speak up (and dissent) unless they care deeply about a topic. The virtual setting provides an opportunity for more thoughtful input as people can take their time to think and prepare questions in advance. The chat function allows for engagement and gives a voice to those who may have been overshadowed in in-person meetings. 00:31:59 - Engaging Through the Chat, The chat function in virtual meetings can be advantageous as it allows participants to ask questions and contribute without the pressure of speaking up. It can also shape the way people listen and think about the discussion. The chat provides an opportunity to be seen and have an impact. 00:34:31 - The Importance of Influence, Having influence in meetings matters because there are opportunities that can be missed. Research shows that people listen, believe, and are more likely to do things for us than we think. By holding back or doubting our influence, we may miss out on making a real impact. It's also important to be mindful of the potential negative influence we can have on others. 00:36:50 - Being Mindful of Impact, It's crucial to focus on the impact our words and actions have on others rather than obsessing over how we are being judged. Even small comments can carry weight, especially when we are in positions of power. Being thoughtful and mindful can help prevent negative or unintended consequences. 00:38:59 - Moving Away from the Focusing Illusion, Instead of just worrying about how other people are focusing on you, reframe and refocus to be mindful of the impact your words and actions are having on others.  00:44:45 - "Gaining Perspective on Relationship Dynamics", Dr. Vanessa Bohns shares a technique in which individuals write about a fight they had with their partner from a third-party perspective. This exercise helps to see the ways in which they may be contributing to the dynamic and understand their impact on others. 00:45:26 - "The Liking Gap and Accurate Perspectives", The liking gap phenomenon suggests that people underestimate how much others like them. Third-party perspectives, such as in videos or compliments, can provide accurate insights into how others perceive and appreciate us. 00:46:42 - "The Power of Outsider Perspective", Taking an outsider's perspective can help increase self-awareness and understanding of one's influence on a situation. This perspective can be achieved through exercises like imagining oneself as a friend. Melina relates this back to Dove's Real Beauty campaign. 00:47:53 - "The Impact of Positive Feedback", Expressing gratitude and acknowledging the positive impact others have on us can create a ripple effect of spreading gratefulness. Compliments and feedback can have a lasting impact and should be shared more often. 00:48:24 - Conclusion, Melina's top insights from the conversation. What stuck with you while listening to the episode? What are you going to try? Come share it with Melina on social media -- you'll find her as @thebrainybiz everywhere and as Melina Palmer on LinkedIn. Thanks for listening. Don't forget to subscribe on Apple Podcasts or Android. If you like what you heard, please leave a review on iTunes and share what you liked about the show.  I hope you love everything recommended via The Brainy Business! Everything was independently reviewed and selected by me, Melina Palmer. So you know, as an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases. That means if you decide to shop from the links on this page (via Amazon or others), The Brainy Business may collect a share of sales or other compensation. Let's connect: Melina@TheBrainyBusiness.com The Brainy Business® on Facebook The Brainy Business on Twitter The Brainy Business on Instagram The Brainy Business on LinkedIn Melina on LinkedIn The Brainy Business on Youtube Learn and Support The Brainy Business: Check out and get your copies of Melina's Books.  Get the Books Mentioned on (or related to) this Episode: You Have More Influence Than You Think, by Vanessa Bohns Influence, by Robert Cialdini The Power of Us, by Dominic Packer and Jay Van Bavel Reinforcements, by Heidi Grant Fierce Conversations, by Susan Scott Connect with Vanessa:  VANESSA'S WEBSITE VANESSA ON TWITTER VANESSA ON LINKEDIN Top Recommended Next Episode: Hate Being On Camera? Brainy Tips To Combat It (ep 95) Already Heard That One? Try These:  Focusing Illusion (ep 89) Fundamental Attribution Error (ep 268) Influence Is Your Superpower, with Zoe Chance (ep 308) Influence, with Robert Cialdini (ep 312) 5 Years, 299 Episodes, These Are Your Favorites (ep 299) How To Sell From The Stage (episode 6) Sense of Sight (episode 24) Partitioning (episode 58) The Power of Us with Dr. Dominic Packer (episode 304) Framing (ep 296) Herding (episode 264) Partitioning (ep 254) Social Proof (ep 87)  Other Important Links:  Brainy Bites - Melina's LinkedIn Newsletter Dove Real Beauty Campaign Devil Wears Prada Clip The Invisibility Cloak Illusion The Spotlight Effect

To get the show notes as well as get notified of new episodes, visit:  https://www.scalingpostgres.com/episodes/279-tps-benchmark-partition-wise-join-partitioning-billions-postgres-16-features/ In this episode of Scaling Postgres, we discuss how pgbouncer can impact a TPS benchmark, partition-wise join & aggregate performance, partitioning a table with billions of rows and cool Postgres 16 features.

Eden Brownell, director of behavioral science at MPulse Mobile, joins Melina Palmer on The Brainy Business podcast to discuss the application of behavioral science in healthcare delivery. The conversation, which was conducted live at Greenbook's IIEX North America conference, delves into the use of behavioral interventions to drive behavior change in healthcare. Brownell shares two case studies that highlight the power of storytelling, social influence, and understanding user experience to improve patient engagement and outcomes.  From using videos to simulate the consequences of non-compliance to leveraging loss aversion, the episode demonstrates the effectiveness of behavioral design in healthcare. Brownell emphasizes the importance of addressing real barriers to behavior change and tailoring interventions to the specific needs and motivations of the target audience. Everyone interested in implementing evidence-based behavioral strategies to improve engagement and behavior change will find this episode insightful and practical (it's not just for the healthcare industry). Delve into the cutting-edge fusion of behavioral science and healthcare, and its role in optimizing patient results. Learn about the intriguing complexities of healthcare compliance and the psychology behind procrastination and time discounting. Be intrigued by real-world examples of how behavioral science can massively up the ante when it comes to adherence of medical tests. Discover the transformative power of personalized interventions in enhancing health outcomes with the aid of technology. Understand the synergy between behavioral science and healthcare as a pivotal solution to overcoming prevalent health barriers. Show Notes: 00:00:00 - Introduction, Melina Palmer introduces the podcast episode and welcomes Eden Brownell, the Director of Behavioral Science at MPulse Mobile. This episode is a replay of the live podcast interview conducted at Greenbook's IIEX North America conference. 00:03:24 - Getting to Know Eden Brownell, Eden shares her background and how she got into the field of behavioral science, drawing on her love for understanding human behavior and psychology. 00:06:35 - The Intersection of Theater and Behavioral Science, Eden discusses how her background in theater research has influenced her love for research and understanding human behavior. 00:08:57 - The Challenges of Healthcare Compliance, Melina and Eden explore the issue of compliance in healthcare and how behavioral science can help address it. They discuss the concept of present bias and its impact on healthcare decisions. 00:12:07 - Overcoming the Say-Do Gap, The conversation dives into the say-do gap and the challenges of committing to future actions. Eden shares a case study on healthcare compliance and how behavioral science can be applied to improve outcomes. 00:15:26 - Overcoming Engagement Challenges, Eden discusses the challenges of getting people to engage with colon test kits and the importance of getting their attention. They conducted an A/B test using behavioral science messaging to create a sense of ownership (leveraging loss aversion) and found a significant increase in engagement. 00:17:33 - The Endowment Effect and Psychological Barriers, The endowment effect is discussed as a psychological factor that increases the value of something once it is owned. The guest explains how reframing the message to create a sense of ownership can overcome psychological barriers and increase the likelihood of engagement. 00:19:15 - Increasing Engagement with Colon Test Kits, The results of the A/B test showed a 10-15% increase in engagement when using behavioral science messaging and the endowment effect. Eden discusses the importance of addressing barriers and lowering the perceived effort for members to complete the test. 00:20:44 - Next Steps: Completing the Colon Test Kits, The next step is to focus on increasing completion rates for those who have opted in to receive the test kit. Eden discusses using AI and natural language processing to identify barriers and provide resources to overcome them. 00:26:22 - Using AI to Overcome Barriers, AI is used to identify common barriers mentioned by members and provide targeted responses. Eden emphasizes the importance of allowing barriers to be uncovered and addressing them in real time to increase engagement. 00:30:13 - Encouraging Behavior Change, Eden discusses the importance of using nudges and partitions to encourage people to opt in for important activities such as cancer screenings. She emphasizes the need to make the process simple and streamlined while highlighting the value of health care and preventing cancer. 00:31:29 - Successful Storytelling with Video, Eden shares a passion project that involved using video to promote diabetic eye screening. By utilizing loss aversion and creating an emotional impact, the video successfully increased the click rates for scheduling eye exams by over 200%. 00:35:01 - Using Emotion and Storytelling, Eden discusses the power of emotion and storytelling in driving behavior change. By creating videos that evoke strong emotions and resonate with the audience, it becomes easier to connect people to their future selves and encourage them to take action. 00:39:10 - Leveraging Self-Determination Theory, Eden talks about the impact of self-determination theory and social proof in healthcare. By providing real-life experiences and engaging content, such as videos of moms sharing their concerns and experiences, it becomes easier to spark engagement and provide valuable information to individuals. 00:42:19 - Simplifying the Experience, Eden emphasizes the importance of simplifying the experience for individuals. By reducing complexity and perceived effort, it becomes easier to encourage behavior change and make the overall experience more enjoyable and engaging. Examples include incorporating moments of sunshine and removing unnecessary friction. 00:45:50 - Boosting Engagement and Motivation, The discussion focuses on using social aspects and storytelling to drive engagement and motivation in healthcare. By sharing stories and creating content that can be shared with friends and family, healthcare providers can have a bigger impact on the health and well-being of their members. 00:46:51 - Presenting Health Plans to Prioritize Health, Health plans are often focused on making money, but there is an opportunity to push them to prioritize the healthcare of their members. By testing ideas like sharing messages and content that can be easily shared on social media, health plans can have a broader impact on the health of their members and their extended group. 00:47:33 - Messaging and Social Proof, The conversation highlights the importance of messaging and social proof in healthcare. Simply stating statistics like "one in four women will get breast cancer" may not have the desired impact because people often think they won't be the one affected. Finding ways to effectively communicate and simplify these statistics using images and videos is crucial. 00:48:14 - Simplifying Healthcare Information, The discussion emphasizes the need to simplify healthcare information, especially considering low literacy levels and health literacy levels. Using images, videos, and infographics can help bridge the literacy gap and make healthcare information more understandable and accessible. 00:49:16 - Conclusion, Melina's top insights from the conversation. What stuck with you while listening to the episode? What are you going to try? Come share it with Melina on social media -- you'll find her as @thebrainybiz everywhere and as Melina Palmer on LinkedIn. Thanks for listening. Don't forget to subscribe on Apple Podcasts or Android. If you like what you heard, please leave a review on iTunes and share what you liked about the show.  I hope you love everything recommended via The Brainy Business! Everything was independently reviewed and selected by me, Melina Palmer. So you know, as an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases. That means if you decide to shop from the links on this page (via Amazon or others), The Brainy Business may collect a share of sales or other compensation. Let's connect: Melina@TheBrainyBusiness.com The Brainy Business® on Facebook The Brainy Business on Twitter The Brainy Business on Instagram The Brainy Business on LinkedIn Melina on LinkedIn The Brainy Business on Youtube Learn and Support The Brainy Business: Check out and get your copies of Melina's Books.  Get the Books Mentioned on (or related to) this Episode: Engaged, by Amy Bucher Friction, by Roger Dooley Behavioral Science in the Wild, by Dilip Soman and Nina Mazar What Your Customer Wants and Can't Tell You, by Melina Palmer Designing for Behavior Change, by Stephen Wendel Connect with Eden:  Follow Eden on LinkedIn MPulse Mobile Top Recommended Next Episode: Engaged, with Amy Bucher (ep 164) Already Heard That One? Try These:  Loss Aversion (ep 316) Influence Is Your Superpower, with Zoe Chance (ep 308) You Have More Influence Than You Think, with Vanessa Bohns (ep 197) The Life-Saving Skill of Story, with Michelle Auerbach (ep 288) Behavioral Storytelling, with David Paull (ep 289) Non-Obvious Thinking, with Rohit Bhargava (ep 297) Priming (ep 252) Framing (ep 296) Endowment Effect (ep 139) NUDGES and Choice Architecture (ep 35) Social Proof (ep 87) Partitioning (ep 254) Using Semiotics in Retail, with Rachel Lawes (ep 191) Behavior Change at WW and Beyond (ep 98) Behavioral Science Testing In Real Businesses (ep 94) Behavioral Science in the Wild, with Dilip Soman (ep 241) Designing for Behavior Change with Stephen Wendel (ep 116) Other Important Links:  Brainy Bites - Melina's LinkedIn Newsletter

In this episode of the Indiana Pioneer Agronomy podcast, hosts Carl Joern, Ben Jacob and Brian Shrader discuss Indiana field observations and management considerations. Joining this episode is Kyle Quick, Pioneer Field Agronomist. The group touch on corn growth updates, potassium and sulfur deficiency around the state and fungal diseases. White mold has been spotted in Northern Indiana and the crew talk scouting tips and management recommendations for combatting. ResourcesSoybean Phosphorus and Potassium Uptake, Partitioning, and Removal: https://www.pioneer.com/us/agronomy/soybean-phosphorus-potassium-uptake.htmlPhosphorus and Potassium Fertility for Corn and Soybean: https://www.pioneer.com/us/agronomy/phosphorus_potassium_fertility.htmlIn-Season Sulfur Application in Soybean: https://www.pioneer.com/us/agronomy/in-season-sulfur-applications.htmlSoybean Nitrogen and Sulfur Uptake, Partitioning, and Removal: https://www.pioneer.com/us/agronomy/soybean-nitrogen-sulfur-uptake.htmlManaging White Mold of Soybeans: https://www.pioneer.com/us/agronomy/managing_white_mold_soybeans.htmlIntegrated Management of White Mold in Soybean Production: https://www.pioneer.com/us/agronomy/white_mold.html

To get the show notes as well as get notified of new episodes, visit:  https://www.scalingpostgres.com/episodes/277-postgres-releases-postgresql-survey-partitioning-sharding-bulk-loading/ In this episode of Scaling Postgres, we discuss new Postgres releases, taking the 2023 State of PostgreSQL survey, partitioning vs. sharding and the fastest way to do bulk loads.

To get the show notes as well as get notified of new episodes, visit:  https://www.scalingpostgres.com/episodes/276-brin-correlation-poor-partitioning-10-beginner-tips-table-index-usage/ In this episode of Scaling Postgres, we discuss the importance of correlation with BRIN indexes, how partitioning can kill performance, 10 tips for beginners and how to track table and index usage.

In a wonderful blog, Kyle explores the pains he faced managing a Postgres instance for a startup he works for and how enabling partitioning sigintfically created wait events causing the backend and subsequently NGINX to through 500 errors. We discuss this in this video/podcast https://www.kylehailey.com/post/postgres-partition-pains-lockmanager-waits

In this episode of The Brainy Business podcast, host Melina Palmer interviews Samuel Salzer, founder of Habit Weekly, a newsletter that curates the latest in behavioral science research and news. Salzer discusses the importance of creating content that people actually want (imagine that!) and the value of putting good things out into the world. He also shares insights on building habits and behavior change, and how businesses can apply these principles to their marketing and customer engagement strategies. Overall, the episode highlights the power of behavioral science in shaping our daily lives and the importance of staying up-to-date with the latest research and trends. Show Notes: [00:40] Today's episode is a refresh of my conversation with Samuel Salzer, founder of Habit Weekly. [02:06] It is so fun to see how much things have grown at Habit Weekly in these three years. They have a full team of people now, and they've been doing their awards for a few years as well. I was honored to have been a winner in the inaugural edition, and a finalist in multiple categories every year. [03:29] Samuel shares about himself, his background, and how he started working in behavioral science. He has always been an entrepreneur and started his first business at 16.  [05:02] He found human decision-making fascinating.  [06:44] He wanted to learn more about what we can do to support people in making behavioral changes in their lives.  [08:42] For his work he focuses on how to scale behavioral change.  [09:56] You are succeeding if you help create value for your users and customers, understand them better, and help find a good solution for their problems.  [10:38] Whether we like it or not, behavior is quite complex. We are complex beings living in complex environments.  [13:06] Most businesses look at reducing friction in their customer journeys. Sometimes increasing friction is a good idea too.  [16:06] We are really good at creating stories and narratives in our minds to support whatever thing we really want to do.  [18:28] Just the simple shift of taking the word from reward to consequence makes it feel heavier in a way that can change behavior.   [19:39] Each individual choice matters. [20:50] We are often trying to do things that remove a negative effect. [23:17] The concept of “eating the frog” is doing the hard thing first.  [25:45] Samuel felt like it was hard to stay up on the content and research in the field so he started sharing links on LinkedIn.  [26:53] This eventually evolved into Habit Weekly. It's now a mailing list that sends content related to behavioral design on a weekly basis. [28:27] You know you found something people really want if they are reaching out to you asking you to create a mailing list. It doesn't have to be difficult to start an email list if you understand what drives people.  [30:27] His goal is to make sure that anyone interested in applying behavior change has the best and latest insights every week. [35:21] This field of behavioral science is still in the adolescent phase. In the near future, it is going to move into this more mature phase that is more about the process and learning more about applying these concepts in the best way.  [37:21] Samuel is really excited about the better understanding in the next few years of how any organization can easily start applying these concepts.  [40:17] His superpower or wish would be to see the world through other people's eyes. (Melina would like to be able to speak and read every language fluently.) [40:58] He also loves books and movies. A really good book or movie can help show the world from someone else's perspective.  [44:44] Many businesses create content people don't want. If you start from a place of sharing, reciprocity will kick in eventually and people will appreciate what you are doing and what to give back to you one way or another.  [46:18] Melina's closing thoughts Thanks for listening. Don't forget to subscribe on Apple Podcasts or Android. If you like what you heard, please leave a review on iTunes and share what you liked about the show.  I hope you love everything recommended via The Brainy Business! Everything was independently reviewed and selected by me, Melina Palmer. So you know, as an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases. That means if you decide to shop from the links on this page (via Amazon or others), The Brainy Business may collect a share of sales or other compensation. Let's connect: Melina@TheBrainyBusiness.com The Brainy Business® on Facebook The Brainy Business on Twitter The Brainy Business on Instagram The Brainy Business on LinkedIn Melina on LinkedIn The Brainy Business on Youtube Join the BE Thoughtful Revolution – our free behavioral economics community, and keep the conversation going! More from The Brainy Business: Get your copies of Melina's award-winning books.  Get the Books Mentioned on (or related to) this Episode: Friction, by Roger Dooley What Your Customer Wants and Can't Tell You, by Melina Palmer Sludge, by Cass Sunstein Nudge, by Richard Thaler and Cass Sunstein You Have More Influence Than You Think, by Vanessa Bohns Connect with Samuel:  Samuel's Website Samuel on LinkedIn Samuel on Twitter Top Recommended Next Episode: Framing (ep 16) Already Heard That One? Try These:  How to Finally Change Your Behavior (So it Sticks) (ep 81) Loss Aversion (ep 9) Friction – What It Is And How To Reduce It, with Roger Dooley (ep 274) Time Discounting (ep 51) Partitioning (ep 58) The Overwhelmed Brain and Its Impact on Decision Making (ep 32) Optimism Bias (ep 34) What is BrainyTab? An Interview with the Founders Radu and Raluca Judele (ep 85) Reciprocity (ep 238) Booms and Busts (ep 30) How to Make Content People Can't Help But Engage With, featuring Katelyn Bourgoin (ep 201) You Have More Influence Than You Think, with Vanessa Bohns (ep 197) Sludge (ep 179) Other Important Links:  Brainy Bites - Melina's LinkedIn Newsletter  The Brain Science Behind Your Shopping Decisions (watch Melina's TV interview!) Eat That Frog!: 21 Great Ways to Stop Procrastinating and Get More Done in Less Time Habit Weekly

Today we kick off our coverage of the 2023 ICLR conference joined by Christos Louizos, an ML researcher at Qualcomm Technologies. In our conversation with Christos, we explore his paper Hyperparameter Optimization through Neural Network Partitioning and a few of his colleague's works from the conference. We discuss methods for speeding up attention mechanisms in transformers, scheduling operations for computation graphs, estimating channels in indoor environments, and adapting to distribution shifts in test time with neural network modules. We also talk through the benefits and limitations of federated learning, exploring sparse models, optimizing communication between servers and devices, and much more.  The complete show notes for this episode can be found at https://twimlai.com/go/627.

As a Seattle girl, I love me some Starbucks so it is fun to refresh this episode which was one of the first (and most popular) behavioral economics analysis episodes I've ever done. It is currently the 11th most downloaded episode of the show of all time, and with 277 episodes to date, that is a pretty big deal! If you aren't familiar with this format, it is an episode where I talk about a well-known company and their practices to share what concepts from behavioral economics and behavioral science in their work so you can see what you might want to emulate and what isn't a good fit for you in your company.  So, why this episode from late 2019, and why now? Well, it is because of the loyalty program and this coming Friday's episode where I am joined by Lauren Kemp and Stephen Springfield to talk about how they created an “irrational” loyalty program at McDonald's during the pandemic. It is a fascinating story with lots of insights for you to learn. Today, I chose to share an episode that showcased another loyalty program doing a lot of smart things that are different from the traditional punch card approach to loyalty. (And, good news, there is a lot more to this episode that I know you're gonna love.) So grab a coffee, and settle in… Show Notes: [00:40] Today's episode is a behavioral economics analysis of Starbucks. [04:01] In this episode we are going to dig into their Star Rewards program, featured drinks, and products, the coveted red cups, their personality, overall brand choices, their logo, locations, social media, and pricing.  [04:23] Without the original brand and pricing, Starbucks would be just another coffee shop. [05:57] One of the big aspects Starbucks had to overcome was the pricing anchor.  [08:41] Howard Schultz and Starbucks took a step back. They got out of their own way and created a new category which ended up changing the conversation about coffee around the world. Asking good questions can help you get there.  [10:19] Price is never about the price. It is all about all the things that come before the price that matters more than the price itself. [12:02] The first big drink Starbucks made famous was the Frappuccino. There is a lot of effort that goes into turning these things into multibillion dollar industries.  This created a brand within a brand.  [14:27] Most everyone knows that the original PSL started at Starbucks. Pumpkin spice lattes are one of the seasonal drinks Starbucks brings out each year. They are only available for a few weeks or months until they are gone. This is scarcity in action.  [17:39] Starbucks changed the game. They created something different and managed to hold a big piece of the market even when imitators arose in every area.  [18:28] Starbucks is constantly testing and they are not afraid to have something really popular only available sometimes.  [19:24] Making and keeping a tradition alive is something Starbucks does amazingly well. The red cup first debuted in the 1997 holiday season and has been a staple ever since.   [20:19] When you become a lifestyle brand you bear the responsibility of being a big part of peoples' lives. Your choices reflect theirs and when you do something out of character, they will tell you about it. This is both good and bad.  [22:30] Consistency is key and until you define what you are and are not you can't be whatever it is consistently. When you have your own filters and know what you are about you can shout them from the rooftops and your tribe will resonate with them.  [24:49] The value of a brand is more than money and bottom-line sales. It is about the overall experience with the brand at its core.  [27:13] Find what people are already talking about and loving and see how you can be part of that conversation.  [28:39] The Star Rewards model is built to create habits for users and increase visits. It also encourages users to try new items and has limited-time offers, and customized preferences with an opportunity to get bonus stars.  [29:48] Being willing to test, experiment, and learn is something Starbucks does really well. Essentially Star Rewards is a huge testing ground of live field environments.  [32:15] Star Rewards is super easy and built-in. You have loss aversion and reciprocity built into the promotions.  [33:50] Star Rewards is a smart balance of loss aversion, scarcity, relativity, habits and more all executed through a series of experiments to see what is bringing the most value to the company and its customers.  [34:59] Scarcity is a powerful tool when used correctly, especially when properly paired with loss aversion to help people choose your product.  [36:31] Melina's closing thoughts [38:39] There is a lot of value and loyalty that comes from delightful, unexpected experiences and a less formal program is perfect for that. Thanks for listening. Don't forget to subscribe on Apple Podcasts or Android. If you like what you heard, please leave a review on iTunes and share what you liked about the show.  I hope you love everything recommended via The Brainy Business! Everything was independently reviewed and selected by me, Melina Palmer. So you know, as an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases. That means if you decide to shop from the links on this page (via Amazon or others), The Brainy Business may collect a share of sales or other compensation. Let's connect: Melina@TheBrainyBusiness.com The Brainy Business® on Facebook The Brainy Business on Twitter The Brainy Business on Instagram The Brainy Business on LinkedIn Melina on LinkedIn The Brainy Business on Youtube Join the BE Thoughtful Revolution – our free behavioral economics community, and keep the conversation going! Learn More and Support The Brainy Business: Get your copies of Melina's award-winning books.  Get the Books Mentioned on (or related to) this Episode: What Your Customer Wants and Can't Tell You, by Melina Palmer How Customers Think, by Gerald Zaltman Alchemy, by Rory Sutherland Engaged, by Amy Bucher Marketing to Mindstates, by Will Leach Top Recommended Next Episode: Get Your D.O.S.E. of Brain Chemicals (ep 123) Already Heard That One? Try These:  Framing (ep 16) Priming (ep 252) What is Value? (ep 234) Mental Accounting (ep 56) Partitioning (ep 254) Costco (ep 47) Apple Card (ep 42) Anchoring and Adjustment (ep 11) Herding (ep 19) The Truth About Pricing (ep 5) A Guide for You to Create a Brainy Brand (ep 43) Rebrand, Refresh or Reinforce? (ep 44) Availability (ep 15) The Sense of Hearing and Sound (ep 27) Habits (ep 256) How To Set Up Your Own Experiments (ep 63) Relativity (ep 12) Reciprocity (ep 238) Other Important Links:  Brainy Bites - Melina's LinkedIn Newsletter  A Starbucks Barista Asked Me This 1 Simple Question, and Using It May Be a Great Way to Boost Your Sales Every Starbucks Growth Strategy Is Working 30 Interesting Starbucks Facts and Statistics (2019) | By the Numbers How Starbucks Transformed Coffee From A Commodity Into A $4 Splurge Starbucks Didn't Invent the Frappuccino. Here's Who Did. Starbucks Has Made An Insane Amount Of Money From PSL Sales Starbucks Red Cups 2019: When Do Christmas Holiday Drinks Start Going on Sale? A Brief History of Starbucks' Holiday Cup Controversies Starbucks Will Be Selling Fewer Limited-Time-Only Drinks That Can Be Super Hard To Make SPAM® Pumpkin Spice

Today's episode is all about the Dunning Kruger Effect, which was the second most downloaded episode of the year in 2022, so in case you missed it I wanted to be sure you had a chance to listen to it like so many of your peers did. :)  If you DID hear this episode last year when it came out, I highly recommend you still tune in now because I can guarantee it will hit you differently today than it did back then. You are a different person and you will glean different insights from the episode, I promise.  So, why this episode and why today? Well, in Friday's episode with Dr. Tomas Chamorro-Premuzic, we talk explicitly about the Dunning Kruger Effect and how it applies in life and business when he shares about his new, fascinating book I, Human and our discussion is specifically around one of his other books, Why So Many Incompetent Men Become Leaders (And How To Fix It). That book has too good of a title to not be honored with a refresh on the Dunning Kruger Effect, which looks at the relationship between confidence and competence, as you will learn more about today. Show Notes: [00:39] Today's episode is all about the Dunning Kruger Effect, which was the second most downloaded episode of the year in 2022. [02:22] To put the Dunning-Kruger effect into its simplest form, it would say essentially that people who are unskilled tend to overestimate their abilities and those who are very skilled experts will underestimate theirs. [03:15] Think about a kid who graduates from high school and believes they know everything. [03:35] When someone graduates from high school, they are at a point that has come to be known as the “Peak of Mount Stupid.” At the peak of mount stupid, someone has lots of confidence, but it isn't built on much competence. They have no idea how much they don't know so they are blissfully unaware of their precarious position and how close they are to falling right off the cliff. When this kid gets to college and realizes they don't know nearly as much as they thought they did, they fall into the “Valley of Despair.” [05:51] This is an opportunity to look at the things you don't yet know and begin to research them. This gradual climb is called the “Slope of Enlightenment.” You slowly gain confidence as you grow your competence…though you might never get back up to the level of confidence you had way back at the peak of mount stupid. [06:48] If you take a moment now to reflect upon your own life, I am guessing you could pretty easily come up with at least half a dozen examples where the Dunning-Kruger effect reared its ugly overconfident head. [08:17] While you are an expert in one thing, you are way overconfident in something else, where you don't have any idea of the ocean of stuff you don't know. [09:23] How the effort heuristic relates.  [11:16] I can live in blissful unawareness of my inadequacies forever and never have it be an issue until I try the thing enough to realize that I should have been a little less confident. [12:30] Have some awareness and don't assume you know better than everyone else. [13:27] There is a flip to this as well. (It isn't all about mount stupid). Remember, there is a point where you become an expert and then grossly underestimate your own abilities. [14:45] You can't do this for everything, but on the things that matter it is worth doing a little Dunning-Kruger evaluation every so often to discover if you are underestimating or overestimating your confidence and competence at this point. [15:41] Look at your own moments where you have high confidence and low competence (or high competence with not enough confidence) to determine if you are showing up in the best way possible. Also, look at others to determine where they are on that Dunning-Kruger scale. [17:08] Another place where the Dunning-Kruger effect is really critical to keep in mind is when you look at coaching or giving advice to members of your team. [18:40] Giving them too many things to change while they are feeling the stress in the “valley” is going to make the problem worse, so you need to be selective on what advice to give them. [19:55] Know that when people have low competence in something, they are likely to be overconfident in their own abilities. Those who are very competent have a tendency to underestimate their own skill or ability. [20:3] There is an interesting point when there is an increase in knowledge where you realize all of what you don't know—that increased competence results in a drastic drop in confidence. [21:17] As you build knowledge, know that you will gradually underestimate your abilities, skills, and all the effort and training that went into what you now know and can do. Just because it is easy for you doesn't mean it isn't of value to someone else. Especially when someone is new, overshare information to help with where you both are on the Dunning-Kruger scale. [22:04] Don't take your spot on the Dunning-Kruger scale as a fixed point. The context is always changing, there are new discoveries and technologies and experts every day. [23:16] I just love this concept in so many ways. It is a great opportunity to look at ourselves, and others so we can overcome obstacles we may be putting in our own way, avoid big crashes into that valley of despair, be better at coaching others, and have better relationships with colleagues of all kinds — and even understand our relationship with technology. [24:12] Keep the Dunning Kruger Effect in mind as you look around at your own choices and the relationships you have with others over the next couple of weeks. Thanks for listening. Don't forget to subscribe on Apple Podcasts or Android. If you like what you heard, please leave a review on iTunes and share what you liked about the show.  I hope you love everything recommended via The Brainy Business! Everything was independently reviewed and selected by me, Melina Palmer. So you know, as an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases. That means if you decide to shop from the links on this page (via Amazon or others), The Brainy Business may collect a share of sales or other compensation. Let's connect: Melina@TheBrainyBusiness.com The Brainy Business® on Facebook The Brainy Business on Twitter The Brainy Business on Instagram The Brainy Business on LinkedIn Melina on LinkedIn The Brainy Business on Youtube Join the BE Thoughtful Revolution – our free behavioral economics community, and keep the conversation going! Learn and Support The Brainy Business: Check out and get your copies of Melina's Books.  Get the Books Mentioned on (or related to) this Episode: I, Human, by Tomas Chamorro-Premuzic Why Do So Many Incompetent Men Become Leaders? (And How To Fix It), by Tomas Chamorro-Premuzic What Your Employees Need and Can't Tell You, by Melina Palmer Getting Along, by Amy Gallo You Are Not So Smart, by David McRaney Top Recommended Next Episode: Confirmation Bias (episode 102) Already Heard That One? Try These:  Framing (ep 16) Priming (ep 18) What is Value? (episode 234) Mental Accounting (ep 56) Partitioning (ep 254) How to Raise Your Prices (ep 77) The Truth About Pricing (ep 5) Focusing Illusion (ep 89) Get Your D.O.S.E. of Brain Chemicals (ep 123) Decision Fatigue (ep 132) IKEA Effect & Effort Heuristic (ep 112) Other Important Links:  Brainy Bites - Melina's LinkedIn Newsletter  Dunning-Kruger Original Research Baader-Meinhof Phenomenon

In this episode, Drew Samples talks about how they split their responsibilities to the business while taking advantage of their strengths.  Make farming easier with the Paperpot Transplanter and Other Small Farm Equipment at https://www.paperpot.co/ Follow PaperpotCo on IG https://instagram.com/paperpotco Podcasts by Diego Footer: Microgreens: https://apple.co/2m1QXmW Vegetable Farming: https://apple.co/2lCuv3m Livestock Farming: https://apple.co/2m75EVG Large Scale Farming: https://apple.co/2kxj39i Small Farm Tools https://www.paperpot.co/