Podcasts about CNR

1) Striscia di Gaza. Il piano statunitense sarà votato questa sera dal consiglio di sicurezza Onu. Il testo prevede la creazione dello stato palestinese ma resta vago sulla roadmap. 2) Primo turno delle presidenziali in Cile. Il paese va a destra nonostante la vittoria della candidata comunista Jeannette Jara. Il punto di Esteri. 3) Diario americano. Donald Trump spiazza la camera esortando i repubblicani a votare a favore della pubblicazione delle carte Epstein. 4) Quando la sinistra si accanisce sugli ultimi. In Gran Bretagna la nuova riforma sull'asilo spacca la maggioranza e allontana il premier Starmer dalla base laburista. 5) L'Iran ha sete. La gravissima siccità ha costretto il governo a razionare l'acqua nella capitale Teheran (Antonello Pasini ricercatore e Fisico del clima presso il CNR) 6) Belem2025. La Cop 30 lancia una dichiarazione globale per combattere le fake news sul clima.(Lorenzo Tecleme giornalista ambientale)

We are joined once again by Jeff "UHJeff" Nucera to discuss the White Stripes tribute CNR! Buy some merch Follow our IG Join our FB Group Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In due articoli su Scientific Reports e su Advanced Optical Materials, vengono descritte delle vere e proprie antenne per la luce. L'idea è mettere in comunicazione dei dispositivi senza fibre ottiche, lasciando che gli impulsi di luce che trasportano l'informazione viaggino nell'aria. L'obiettivo è un nuovo sistema di tele-comunicazione, wireless come il wifi, ma con la velocità della fibra. Un filone di ricerca che va avanti da anni, scontrandosi con mille difficoltà tecniche, tra cui quella di allineare il trasmettitore e il ricevitore: infatti, mentre nelle fibre ottiche la luce segue il percorso della fibra, in aria viaggia in linea retta e nulla lo può impedire. Ecco perché l'antenna ottica, sviluppata tra Cnr, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Laboratorio LENS, e le Università di Firenze e Pisa, può rappresentare un concreto passo in avanti. Parliamone con Jacopo Catani, dirigente di ricerca INO CNR.

In questa puntata di Start parliamo della paura dei giovanissimi di uscire di notte in città, con una ricerca Unipol–Ipsos che rivela come quasi la metà della Gen Z si senta insicura al calar del sole, mentre l'Indice di criminalità del Sole 24 Ore mostra un aumento dei reati nelle grandi aree urbane, da Milano a Roma, tra furti, rapine e violenze in crescita; ci spostiamo poi nel mondo della ricerca italiana, con il nuovo report del CNR che racconta un Paese sospeso: tanti progetti grazie al Pnrr, ma pochi piani per il dopo, con il rischio di sprecare talenti e investimenti;, parliamo della proposta di legge di Fratelli d'Italia sugli sfratti rapidi, che punta a snellire le procedure per chi non paga l'affitto, dividendo maggioranza e opposizione su come bilanciare il diritto alla casa e la tutela dei proprietari; infine, ti racconto la storia di Lucia. Se vuoi dirmi le difficoltà e le sfide che, come giovane, incontri nella tua vita quotidiana o, semplicemente, la tua opinione sulle notizie che hai ascoltato oggi, puoi mandare un'email a angelica.migliorisi@ilsole24ore.com Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In this episode of the Canadian Investor podcast, Simon and Dan take a look back at how markets have performed so far this year from the S&P 500’s strong double-digit gains to gold’s massive rally and the surprising outperformance of the TSX. They break down what’s been driving returns in both Canada and the U.S., why certain sectors are leading, and how rare multi-year double-digit runs really are. The discussion then shifts to AMD’s landmark deal with OpenAI and what it signals about the AI arms race, before diving into Constellation Software’s latest conference call, leadership transition, and evolving view on capital deployment. The episode wraps up with a thoughtful conversation on economic moats how they’re built, how AI may erode them, and why management ultimately determines how durable they are. Tickers of stocks discussed: SPY, ZSP, ZCN, BTC, GLD, AMD, NVDA, CSU.TO, ADBE, CNR.TO, CP.TO Check out our portfolio by going to Jointci.com Our Website Our New Youtube Channel! Canadian Investor Podcast Network Twitter: @cdn_investing Simon’s twitter: @Fiat_Iceberg Braden’s twitter: @BradoCapital Dan’s Twitter: @stocktrades_ca Want to learn more about Real Estate Investing? Check out the Canadian Real Estate Investor Podcast! Apple Podcast - The Canadian Real Estate Investor Spotify - The Canadian Real Estate Investor Web player - The Canadian Real Estate Investor Asset Allocation ETFs | BMO Global Asset Management Sign up for Fiscal.ai for free to get easy access to global stock coverage and powerful AI investing tools. Register for EQ Bank, the seamless digital banking experience with better rates and no nonsense.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

L'émission 28 minutes du 02/10/2025 80 ans de la “Sécu” : un modèle à bout de souffle ou à protéger ? C'est un anniversaire plus que symbolique. La Sécurité sociale fête cette année ses 80 ans. L'occasion de faire le bilan sur celle que les Français appellent affectueusement “la Sécu”. Lors de son élaboration par le Conseil national de la Résistance (CNR), en 1944, l'objectif était d'assurer “à tous les citoyens, des moyens d'existence dans tous les cas où ils sont incapables de se les procurer par le travail”. L'institution voit donc officiellement le jour, l'année suivante et s'étend, aujourd'hui, à l'assurance maladie, aux retraites, aux accidents du travail, à la politique familiale et à l'autonomie des personnes handicapées et âgées. Mais des questions se posent sur la pérennité de son système au moment où le pays fait face à une dette qui s'élève à 3 416 milliards d'euros, soit 115,6 % du PIB, contre 113,2 % fin 2024. Pour Julien Damon, auteur de “Petit éloge à la sécu” ‘(éditions Presses de Sciences Po), il est “embarrassant de faire financer nos dépenses courantes (…) par nos enfants et nos petits-enfants. Et ça n'est pas logique par rapport au projet de sécurité sociale”. Il nous dresse le portrait de cette complexe mais si précieuse institution en difficulté. Incursions russes : l'OTAN et l'UE doivent-elles monter d'un cran pour répliquer à Moscou ? L'urgence se fait sentir au sein de l'Union européenne. Depuis septembre, plusieurs pays européens dont la Pologne et la Roumanie signalent la présence illégale de drones russes dans leurs espaces aériens. Dernier exemple en date, le Danemark s'est inquiété du survol suspect de drones sur son territoire, à plusieurs reprises, ces derniers jours. C'est donc pour discuter de la défense du continent que le groupe des 27 se réunit à Copenhague aujourd'hui et demain. Quatre projets phares doivent être abordés : la défense de l'espace aérien, le renforcement du flanc est, la défense antimissiles et la création d'un “mur antidrones”. L'Union européenne ne laissera pas la Russie semer la “division et l'angoisse dans nos sociétés”, a déclaré Ursula Von Der Leyen, présidente de la Commission européenne, dès son arrivée au Danemark. À son tour, Emmanuel Macron n'a pas hésité à dire avant le début du sommet que l'Europe était “dans une confrontation avec la Russie”, qualifié d'acteur “très agressif”. Dernière épisode en date, l'arraisonnement au large de saint Nazaire d'un pétrolier que les autorités françaises suspectent de faire partie de la flotte fantôme russe.On en débat avec Guillaume Lagane, maître de conférence à Sciences Po Paris, spécialiste des questions de défense, Élise Vincent, journaliste au Monde en charge des questions de défense et Général Michel Yakovleff, général de corps d'armée, ancien haut gradé à l'OTAN.Enfin, Xavier Mauduit rend hommage à la célèbre primatologue britannique, Jane Goodall, qui s'est éteinte hier à l'âge de 91 ans, en nous racontant ses années passées en Tanzanie. Marie Bonnisseau s'intéresse à l'enquête menée par onze médias européens, dont Le Monde, sur la disparition alarmante de la nature et des terres agricoles en Europe au profit de projets de construction.28 minutes est le magazine d'actualité d'ARTE, présenté par Élisabeth Quin du lundi au jeudi à 20h05. Renaud Dély est aux commandes de l'émission le vendredi et le samedi. Ce podcast est coproduit par KM et ARTE Radio. Enregistrement 2 octobre 2025 Présentation Élisabeth Quin Production KM, ARTE Radio

Per la prima volta in Italia — e nel mondo — l’obesità viene riconosciuta ufficialmente come malattia da una legge dello Stato. È un passo che apre alla cura, alla prevenzione, ma soprattutto a una nuova consapevolezza collettiva. Ne parliamo con prof. Andrea Lenzi, Presidente del CNR, Consiglio Nazionale delle ricerche e professore Emerito di Endocrinologia presso l'Università La Sapienza di Roma

La Global Sumud Flotilla prosegue verso Gaza e si avvicina alla zona a rischio. Ci colleghiamo con Benedetta Scuderi, eurodeputata di Avs a bordo di una delle imbarcazioni.Aria gelida in arrivo sull’Italia. Sentiamo Giulio Betti, climatologo e meteorologo del Consorzio Lamma del CNR.Manovra: domani la consegna alle Camere del Documento programmatico di finanza pubblica, a tenere banco è la rottamazione quinques. Il commento di Alberto Orioli, editorialista del Sole 24 Ore.

Un homme d'une trentaine d'années est mort de la rage la semaine dernière à l'hôpital de Perpignan, où il avait été admis quelques jours plus tôt. Éles explications et les conseils du docteur Hervé Bourhy, responsable du Centre national de référence (CNR) de la rage à l'Institut Pasteur. Hébergé par Audiomeans. Visitez audiomeans.fr/politique-de-confidentialite pour plus d'informations.

Send us a textRoberta Nickel shares insights with Mark about her 18-plus years in the Canadian Navy, as the only woman in her unit. Her time as her mom's caregiver led to her discovering a love of belly dancing. Into the mix was embracing the Society for Creative Anachronism, a medieval live events group, which was interestingly paired with her entry as a practising Wiccan. She relates dancing for her commanding officer on his 40th birthday. There is the unique experience of guiding a blind friend through every ride at the Calgary Stampede.  Roberta BioRoberta was born in Calgary and did her schooling   there. She is a second-generation Calgarian. She is a railway brat as her father worked as a conductor for the CNR and she saw a lot of Western Canada from the window of a train. When she turned 17 and 6 months, she joined the RCNR and  Became a Communicator, which made her father proud. She spent 18 and a half years in the navy and saw much of Canada during that time. She can tell you a lot about that time. Just ask her.After doing her time, she became her mother's caregiver. She did that until 1998 when her mother passed away.Roberta does Belly dancing and Square Dancing to relive  stress. She also rides horses; can do Archery; does Background acting; and enjoys Reading.She is a witch and enjoys learning the many aspects of it.She had always wanted to do a Playboy style photo shoot and that is when she met Mark and the rest is history. She has many photos that tell a story. Thank you Mark.Roberta also likes to travel and has been to Scotland and Egypt. Would she return? In a heartbeat.She also works for the Calgary Stampede in Catering . What's next for this lady? Only time will tell.

Guerra di Liberazione o guerra civile? L'annosa questione è proposta da alcuni anni: taluni critici tendono a sminuire il ruolo resistenziale invocando un presunto conflitto interno tutto italiano. Ma fu davvero così? E che dire dei movimenti resistenziali che nel resto d'Europa si organizzarono e si opposero all'occupazione nazista? Avviamo con questo video una miniserie per far luce sul tema, cominciando con una puntata dedicata alla Resistenza francese o "maquis". Dai primi movimenti autonomi al CNR di Jean Moulin fino al ruolo del Partito comunista transalpino e a quello dei Servizi alleati, vedremo perché ancora oggi in Francia si parli di Resistenza e non di "guerra civile".

Vincenzo Levizzani"Storia del mondo in 10 tempeste"Nebbia, uragani e grandi battaglieil Saggiatorewww.ilsaggiatore.comPioggia, nebbia, vento, gelo, siccità. C'è un protagonista silenzioso che attraversa i millenni e influenza le sorti dell'umanità più di re, generali e rivoluzioni: è il clima, con tutti i suoi emissari atmosferici. Storia del mondo in 10 tempeste ripercorre i grandi avvenimenti del passato dall'inedita prospettiva della meteorologia, per mostrare quanto di frequente l'incontro tra uomini e destino sia stato deciso da fenomeni naturali inattesi. Napoleone aveva calcolato tutto: il perimetro della pianura di Waterloo, la disposizione dell'artiglieria, l'assalto della Guardia. L'unica incognita cui non aveva pensato fu il temporale che si scatenò nella notte tra il 17 e il 18 giugno 1815, rendendo il terreno impraticabile e costringendo l'imperatore a ritardi rivelatisi poi determinanti. A partire da episodi come questo, Vincenzo Levizzani ci guida attraverso i secoli per raccontarci le tante volte che i piani umani si sono scontrati con la furia degli elementi: dalla nebbia sfruttata da Annibale per la vittoria nella battaglia del Trasimeno ai cambiamenti climatici che spinsero i cosiddetti «barbari» a emigrare, contribuendo alla caduta dell'Impero romano; dalle nevicate che influenzarono l'esito della guerra delle Due Rose al tornado che giocò un ruolo chiave nella guerra d'Indipendenza americana; dall'anticiclone responsabile della carestia che scatenò la Rivoluzione francese alle osservazioni delle nubi che condannarono Hiroshima e Nagasaki a diventare i bersagli della bomba atomica. In queste pagine, Vincenzo Levizzani mostra come il tempo atmosferico abbia da sempre agito da regista invisibile dei grandi eventi e come continui a farlo ancora oggi, impattando sulle nostre abitudini, sull'economia e sulla cultura. Un'opera che è anche una riflessione su ambizione e umiltà: perché spesso quando ci illudiamo di stringere le redini della Storia, nel nostro pugno c'è in realtà solo una goccia di pioggia.Vincenzo Levizzani (Formigine, 1957) è un fisico dell'atmosfera e climatologo, ha svolto la sua attività di studio presso il CNR e insegnato presso l'Università di Bologna. Ha inoltre collaborato con importanti istituti di ricerca internazionali e con le maggiori agenzie spaziali, tra cui ESA e NASA. Con il Saggiatore ha pubblicato Il libro delle nuvole (2021), Piccolo manuale per cercatori di nuvole (2022) e Quando fuori piove (2024).Diventa un supporter di questo podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/il-posto-delle-parole--1487855/support.IL POSTO DELLE PAROLEascoltare fa pensarehttps://ilpostodelleparole.it/

Aprire la strada alla sperimentazione dell’idrogeno liquido come carburante per aerei: è quanto si propone il progetto europeo HASTA, finanziato con oltre 3 milioni di euro, che coinvolge un consorzio di 15 partner provenienti da 8 Paesi, tra cui molti provenienti dall’Italia: ENEA, Cnr, Sapienza Università di Roma e Università degli Studi Niccolò Cusano. HASTA ha tra i più importanti obiettivi la progettazione di un serbatoio per aerei adatto a gestire l’idrogeno liquido, risolvendo problemi come lo sloshing, il rimescolamento tumultuoso dell’idrogeno liquido che può avvenire durante il volo a causa di qualche sballottamento, rendendo difficile una fornitura regolare di carburante ai motori. Ce ne parla ancora Antonio Agresta, ricercatore del Laboratorio Idrogeno e Nuovi Vettori Energetici del Dipartimento Tecnologie Energetiche e Fonti Rinnovabili dell’ENEA.

Il giornale francese Les Echos ha riferito che Stellantis ha annunciato ai rappresentati sindacali di Poissy che lo stabilimento, che dà lavoro a circa 2mila persone, rimarrà fermo per tre settimane, esattamente dal 13 ottobre al 3 novembre. I dipendenti saranno costretti a prendere una settimana di ferie forzate e 12 giorni di disoccupazione. Ma, sostiene ancora il quotidiano, «l'arresto della produzione non toccherà solamente Poissy, ma altri cinque stabilimenti europei, che si fermeranno temporaneamente nel mese di ottobre». In particolare sono indicate le fabbriche di Eisenach in Germania, di Saragoza in Spagna, del polo polacco di Tychy. Inoltre, è scritto ancora, «Madrid e Pomigliano si fermeranno rispettivamente 14 e 15 giorni». Ne parliamo con Filomena Greco, Il Sole 24 Ore e con Dario Duse, EMEA Leader per Automotive & Industrial e Italy Country Head di AlixPartners.Giorgetti, rottamazione ragionevole, contributo da bancheIl cantiere della manovra riparte dal quadro della crescita, da cui dipenderanno i parametri di debito e deficit su cui costruire la legge di bilancio: dalle prime stime provvisorie contenute nel Dpfp, il documento che sarà inviato in Parlamento entro il 2 ottobre, emerge una crescita tendenziale, cioè senza tener conto delle misure di stimolo all'economia, pari a +0,5% per il 2025 e +0,7% nel 2026. Ieri il ministro Giorgetti ha parlato in collegamento a un evento elettorale della Lega a Pesaro durante il quale ha spiegato: "ho presente la rotta, chiaramente non faccio come quelli che mettono il pilota automatico e non si rendono conto dei temporali che arrivano, la rotta è stata un po' disturbata da temporali" a partire dalla guerra in Ucraina. Sulle misure ha parlato della rottamazione: "L'obiettivo è arrivare alla pace fiscale, termine migliore di rottamazione e battaglia storia della Lega. Ci stiamo lavorando, ormai siamo in vista di un risultato ragionevole utile per arrivare a possibilità di far rifiatare chi si trova in questa situazione, di farlo lavorare per se e la propria impresa e contribuire in ragione delle sue possibilità". Lato entrate, invece, il ministro leghista definisce "assolutamente doveroso" un contributo delle banche dove "non andiamo a fare crociate, ci metteremo al tavolo con loro e troveremo il modo in cui possano dare un contributo al sollievo fiscale": si tratta di intervenire su un settore che ha fatto "utili stratosferici" ma "senza bullizzare nessuno". Approfondiamo il tema con Gianni Trovati, Il Sole 24 Ore.Microchip, al via il progetto da 220 milioni a CataniaQuesta mattina, come ha scritto sul Sole Nino Amadore, a Roma nei locali della sede del Cnr, ha cominciato a prendere forma il progetto strategico per Catania e per l'Europa. Il kick off meeting (la riunione di avvio del progetto) della Linea pilota Wbg (Wide Band Gap) punta alla ricerca e sviluppo sul fronte dei microchip di potenza che permettono di costruire dispositivi più efficienti e compatti per auto elettriche, impianti fotovoltaici, reti intelligenti e industrie avanzate. Un progetto, uno dei cinque finanziati nell'ambito del Chips Act voluto dalla Commissione europea per incentivare la produzione di semiconduttori a livello europeo, portato avanti dal Consorzio Chip4Power, formato dal Cnr come socio di maggioranza, Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Fondazione ChipsIT e Consorzio Iunet, di cui fa parte anche l'Ateneo di Catania. E oggi a Roma all'incontro che sarà aperto dal presidente del Cnr Andrea Lenzi, oltre ai rappresentanti dei due ministeri che hanno sostenuto l'iniziativa (il Mimit e il ministero dell'Università) si ritroveranno tutti i partner: una quindicina distribuiti in sette Paesi dell'Ue (Italia, Svezia, Francia, Germania, Austria, Polonia e Finlandia). Ne parliamo con Nino Amadore, Il Sole 24 Ore.

Inizio di autunno all’insegna del maltempo, Milano sotto l’acqua. Sentiamo Giulio Betti, climatologo e meteorologo del Consorzio Lamma del CNR, e Marco Granelli, Assessore alla Sicurezza e alla Protezione Civile del Comune di Milano. Oggi l’Italia in piazza per Gaza, mentre questa sera nel corso dell’Assemblea Generale ONU Francia, Gran Bretagna e altri paesi riconosceranno formalmente lo Stato di Palestina. Ne parliamo con Alberto Negri, editorialista del Manifesto. Ieri a Phoenix i funerali di Charlie Kirk, una ripartenza per il movimento e il popolo MAGA? Con noi Mattia Diletti, docente di public policy alla Sapienza, esperto di politica americana e autore di “Divisi. Politica, società e conflitti nell’America del XXI secolo” (Treccani Libri).

In this episode, we go over yield traps and why abnormally high dividends often signal business stress rather than easy income. We walk through how falling share prices inflate trailing yields, why payout ratios and free cash flow coverage matter, how special dividends can skew TTM yields, and when sector “norms” turn into red flags. To make things easier to spot, we do a sector by sector overview of what is considered a normal yield and what is considered a high and likely unsustainable dividend yield. Tickers of stocks/ETFs discussed:UPS, FDX, BCE.TO, T.TO, T , VZ, DIS, NFLX, WBD, FOXA, NWSA, GOOGL, CNR.TO , TFII.TO, PFE, LLY, IBM, AQN.TO, FTS.TO, IFC.TO, SU.TO, CNQ.TO, XOM, FNV.TO, WPM.TO, TOU.TO, AP.UN.TO, MMM, QQQ, QYLD. Check out our portfolio by going to Jointci.com Our Website Our New Youtube Channel! Canadian Investor Podcast Network Twitter: @cdn_investing Simon’s twitter: @Fiat_Iceberg Braden’s twitter: @BradoCapital Dan’s Twitter: @stocktrades_ca Want to learn more about Real Estate Investing? Check out the Canadian Real Estate Investor Podcast! Apple Podcast - The Canadian Real Estate Investor Spotify - The Canadian Real Estate Investor Web player - The Canadian Real Estate Investor Asset Allocation ETFs | BMO Global Asset Management Sign up for Fiscal.ai for free to get easy access to global stock coverage and powerful AI investing tools. Register for EQ Bank, the seamless digital banking experience with better rates and no nonsense.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Markets are moving on more than just fundamentals.  Michael Parise sits down with Eric Fuhrman of City National Rochdale to talk about investing in a world driven by tariffs, tax law changes, and shifting Fed policy. Eric shares how CNR's high-net-worth clients benefit from customized, multi-asset strategies that adjust for both long-term goals and short-term … Read More Read More

L'ambiente marino è ancora poco utilizzato dall'uomo, ma le cose stanno un po' alla volta cambiando con lo sviluppo di applicazioni come l'agricoltura marina ad altre ancora. Ed è proprio sotto la superficie del mare che le tecnologie fotovoltaiche potrebbero trovare un nuovo campo di applicazione. Una ricerca pubblicata sulla rivista Energy & Environmental Materials, infatti, ha dimostrato che le celle solari a perovskite - un tipo innovativo di cella solare alternativo a quelle al silicio - possono funzionare in modo efficiente anche in ambiente acquatico, se non addirittura meglio che in atmosfera. Lo studio è frutto della collaborazione tra due Istituti di ricerca del CNR, l'Università degli studi di Roma Tor Vergata e la società BeDimensional Spa. Ce ne parla Jessica Barichello, ricercatrice dell' Istituto di Struttura della Materia del CNR.

L’ambiente marino è ancora poco utilizzato dall’uomo, ma le cose stanno un po’ alla volta cambiando con lo sviluppo di applicazioni come l’agricoltura marina ad altre ancora. Ed è proprio sotto la superficie del mare che le tecnologie fotovoltaiche potrebbero trovare un nuovo campo di applicazione. Una ricerca pubblicata sulla rivista Energy & Environmental Materials, infatti, ha dimostrato che le celle solari a perovskite - un tipo innovativo di cella solare alternativo a quelle al silicio - possono funzionare in modo efficiente anche in ambiente acquatico, se non addirittura meglio che in atmosfera. Lo studio è frutto della collaborazione tra due Istituti di ricerca del CNR, l’Università degli studi di Roma Tor Vergata e la società BeDimensional Spa. Ce ne parla Jessica Barichello, ricercatrice dell’ Istituto di Struttura della Materia del CNR.

Per la puntata di questa settimana, Kuna condivide i risultati di un recente articolo che mostra come le probabilità di un abbattimento dell'AMOC (il “nastro trasportatore” della corrente oceanica che contribuisce alla relativa mitezza del clima nordeuropeo) siano meno basse di quanto pensassimo, e che il tipping point oltre il quale l'evento diventerebbe inevitabile potrebbe essere a poche decadi di distanza.Fonte: Drijfhout S. et al., Shutdown of northern Atlantic overturning after 2100 following deep mixing collapse in CMIP6 projections (2025), Environmental Research Letters 20(9) (https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/adfa3b).Leonardo Intervista Giulio Betti, climatologo e metereologo del CNR e del consorzio LaMMA Toscana. Con lui facciamo il punto sul clima, e sulla ricerca e la comunicazione sul clima in nell'era di Trump.Dopo una barza che ci arriva da una fonte insospettabile, Giuliano analizza i risultati di una ricerca condotta sul social X che mostra come un opportuno uso dell'umorismo sui social possa rendere l'interlocutore non solo più simpatico, ma anche più affidabile quando parla di scienza.Fonte: Frank, A.L. et al., Wit meets wisdom: the relationship between satire and anthropomorphic humor on scientists' likability and legitimacy (2025) Journal of Science Communication 24(01), A04 (https://doi.org/10.22323/2.24010204).Conduzione: Kuna e JulienMontaggio: JulienOspiti: Leonardo Maccari, Giulio BettiDiventa un supporter di questo podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/scientificast-la-scienza-come-non-l-hai-mai-sentita--1762253/support.

Si sente sempre più spesso parlare di gentrificazione, ovvero quel processo per cui un quartiere popolare, da un certo momento, inizia a essere abitato da persone con reddito sempre più elevato, dando il via a una serie di cambiamenti: sia positivi, come il risanamento di aree degradate o la riduzione dei tassi di criminalità; sia negativi, come l’aumento dei prezzi degli affitti e più in generale del costo della vita, che può obbligare i ceti popolari che originariamente abitavano il quartiere a spostarsi in zone più economiche e più periferiche. La gentrificazione non è di per sé un processo intenzionale, ma può certamente essere accelerato o frenato dalle scelte amministrative. Oggi, un modello matematico sviluppato tra le università di Oxford e di Bari, la Scuola normale superiore di Pisa, e l’Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie dell'Informazione del CNR permette, per la prima volta, di provare a governarlo per mezzo di proiezioni e simulazioni. Insomma: dati alla mano. Ne parliamo con Luca Pappalardo, Ricercatore dell’ lSTI - Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie dell’Informazione del CNR.

En pleine Seconde Guerre mondiale, imaginer un programme politique qui s'appellerait "Les Jours heureux". Et, dans la clandestinité, rechercher ensemble des compromis pour poser les bases de notre État-providence. C'est ce qu'ont réussi les membres du CNR, le Conseil national de la Résistance. Ces hommes à qui l'on doit notre système de Sécurité sociale.Frédéric Mounier reçoit Claire Andrieu, historienne, spécialiste de l'histoire politique de la France contemporaine, professeur émérite des universités. Elle a dirigé la publication du livre "Le Conseil national de la résistance, un programme fondateur" (coll. Folio histoire, éd. Gallimard, 2025).Retrouvez tous nos contenus, articles et épisodes sur rcf.frSi vous avez apprécié cet épisode, participez à sa production en soutenant RCF.Vous pouvez également laisser un commentaire ou une note afin de nous aider à le faire rayonner sur la plateforme.Retrouvez d'autres contenus de culture ci-dessous :Visages : https://audmns.com/YNRfPcJJuste ciel · RCF Cœur de Champagne : https://audmns.com/TyoHCKoLa suite de l'Histoire : https://audmns.com/IlGYVbxLa suite de l'Histoire, l'intégrale : https://audmns.com/vwgmJNuTous mélomanes : https://audmns.com/oZJUpqCMarche & rêve : 8 personnalités transformées par la marche : https://audmns.com/fLjYOLLEnfin, n'hésitez pas à vous abonner pour ne manquer aucun nouvel épisode.À bientôt à l'écoute de RCF sur les ondes ou sur rcf.fr !Hébergé par Audiomeans. Visitez audiomeans.fr/politique-de-confidentialite pour plus d'informations.

In this episode, Simon and Dan cover a range of earnings updates, starting with Canadian National Railway's lowered guidance and what it could mean for CP Rail. We then dive into TFI International’s freight challenges, Loblaws' strong performance (and controversial stock split), and Alphabet’s booming YouTube ad growth despite search disruption risks. We wrap up with thoughts on Bitcoin, gold, and why Franco-Nevada might be set up for a strong earnings surprise. Tickers of stocks discussed: TFII.TO, CNR.TO, L.TO, GOOG Check out our portfolio by going to Jointci.com Our Website Our New Youtube Channel! Canadian Investor Podcast Network Twitter: @cdn_investing Simon’s twitter: @Fiat_Iceberg Braden’s twitter: @BradoCapital Dan’s Twitter: @stocktrades_ca Want to learn more about Real Estate Investing? Check out the Canadian Real Estate Investor Podcast! Apple Podcast - The Canadian Real Estate Investor Spotify - The Canadian Real Estate Investor Web player - The Canadian Real Estate Investor Asset Allocation ETFs | BMO Global Asset Management Sign up for Fiscal.ai for free to get easy access to global stock coverage and powerful AI investing tools. Register for EQ Bank, the seamless digital banking experience with better rates and no nonsense.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Macron annuncia che la Francia riconoscerà la Palestina come Stato, sollevando le ire di Netanyahu e la presa di distanza dell’americano Rubio. Zelensky fa dietrofront sui limiti alle agenzie anti-corruzione. Con noi Alessandro Marrone, responsabile del programma “Difesa, sicurezza e spazio” dell’Istituto Affari Internazionali. Piani attuativi sì o no? A margine del caos urbanistica a Milano arriva una sentenza della Cassazione che smentisce a poche ore di distanza quella del Tar della Lombardia. Ci spiega tutto Giuseppe Latour de Il Sole 24 Ore. Sul versante meteo, Italia di nuovo spaccata in due con città a bollino rosso e perturbazioni in arrivo. Sentiamo Giulio Betti, climatologo e meteorologo del Consorzio Lamma del CNR. Dopo 11 anni di incertezza, l’area verde dell’Isola di Poveglia (Venezia) va in concessione per sei anni all’associazione di cittadini “Poveglia per tutti”. Questa la buona notizia in cima alla nostra classifica settimanale. Ne parliamo con Patrizia Veclani, vicepresidente dell’associazione.

Oggi in Cdm il nuovo piano carceri. Ma è anche il giorno del voto al Senato sulla riforma costituzionale della giustizia che prevede la separazione delle carriere tra giudici e pubblici ministeri. Sentiamo Giovanni Negri de Il Sole 24 Ore. 28 paesi fanno pressione su Israele perché cessino gli attacchi a Gaza, ma Tel Aviv continua a tirare dritto. Domani i colloqui Ucraina-Russia a Istanbul. Facciamo il punto con Alessandro Marrone, responsabile del programma “Difesa, sicurezza e spazio” dell’Istituto Affari Internazionali. Presentato il programma della Mostra del Cinema di Venezia. Ci racconta tutto la nostra Marta Cagnola. Italia spaccata in due tra città a bollino rosso e perturbazioni. Con noi Giulio Betti, climatologo e meteorologo del Consorzio Lamma del CNR.

The host of Cats ‘N' Rats Podcast (Kirby) along with his co-hosts (Cody & Nick) are here with another episodeBill Zito accomplished what seemingly was impossible… bringing back all of: Sam Bennett, Aaron Ekblad and Brad Marchand!Ben Saunders joins CNR crew to analyze: salaries, very early line projections post July 1st and what this means for the now and the future for your Florida PanthersAlso: we wrap with some around NHL news Make sure to subscribe to our YouTube Channel; we are almost at 1K subscribers! Appreciate all super chat donations to our channel online and offline Thank you for all five star reviews Follow & Subscribe on: Apple, Spotify, YouTube & all major Podcast platformsYouTube: CatsNRatsPodcastInstagram: cats_n_rats_podcastTwitter X: @KJ_Lups @cms_305 @NJL1888 Linktree: https://linktr.ee/kj_lups#FloridaPanthers #TimeToHunt #NHL #Panthers #StanleyCup #StanleyCupChampions #NHLPlayoffs #HockeySupport our sponsor CanesWear - @Canes_Wear (Twitter X & Instagram)PANTHERS FEVER IS HERE!ARE U GEARED UP?CANES WEAR IN DAVIE IS THE PLACE FOR ALL YOUR FLORIDA PANTHERS NEEDS. They have the latest gear for our favorite NHL Team! Jerseys, Polos, T-Shirts, Hoodies, Hats & More, CanesWear has you covered. Stop by their store in Davie or PanthersWear.com for all your Panthers Gear! Support our sponsor Jeremy Beckham with Nexthome Treasure Coast—@BeckSellsFla (Twitter X & Instagram)“Hey, Panthers fans! In South Florida and need real estate help? Check out Jeremy Beckham with Nexthome Treasure Coast. It's boutique service with a personal touch—Jeremy and his team put humans over houses, working hard for you whether you're buying or selling. Ready to move? Hit up BeckSellsFla.com or call 772-475-5371 now. You'll be glad you did!”

L'apertura dei giornali, con le notizie e le voci dei protagonisti, tutto in meno di 30 minuti.Caldo record: l'Italia continua a sopportare l'ondata di calore causata dall'Anticiclone con temperature elevate in tutto il Paese. Diverse regioni italiane hanno emanato ordinanze che vietano il lavoro nelle ore più calde della giornata, principalmente per proteggere i lavoratori esposti al sole nei settori agricolo, florovivaistico, edile e affini. Facciamo il punto insieme a Massimiliano Pasqui, climatologo del Cnr.

A margine del Consiglio Ue di Bruxelles un aggiornamento sulla questione dazi americani, con un possibile rinvio del termine americano del 9 luglio per le trattative e von der Leyen che si dice in ogni caso pronta a qualsiasi scenario. Ci colleghiamo con il nostro inviato Sergio Nava. Caldo sull’Italia: oggi il picco di temperature con diverse città che toccheranno i 40 gradi. In Sicilia ultima ordinanza regionale in ordine di tempo per vietare determinati lavori all’aperto nelle fasce orarie più calde. Con noi Antonello Pasini, fisico del clima del CNR, autore di “La sfida climatica. Dalla scienza alla politica: ragioni per il cambiamento”, edito da Codice. Imprese: la Pubblica amministrazione ora paga a 60 giorni. In testa alla nostra classifica settimanale delle buone notizie questa svolta, dopo 12 anni di ritardi, di cui scrive su Il Sole 24 Ore di oggi Gianni Trovati.

In this episode, we break down Canada’s two freight rail titans—CN Rail and CP Rail—and compare them across operations, financials, capital allocation, and strategy. We look at how CNR’s east-west network stacks up against CP’s newly integrated Canada–US–Mexico line following the Kansas City Southern acquisition. We also compare each company’s and discuss the bullish and bearish case for each. Tickers of stocks discussed: CP.TO, CNR.TO Get your TSX Meetup tickets here! Get your Calgary Meetup Tickets here! Check out our portfolio by going to Jointci.com Our Website Our New Youtube Channel! Canadian Investor Podcast Network Twitter: @cdn_investing Simon’s twitter: @Fiat_Iceberg Braden’s twitter: @BradoCapital Dan’s Twitter: @stocktrades_ca Want to learn more about Real Estate Investing? Check out the Canadian Real Estate Investor Podcast! Apple Podcast - The Canadian Real Estate Investor Spotify - The Canadian Real Estate Investor Web player - The Canadian Real Estate Investor Asset Allocation ETFs | BMO Global Asset Management Sign up for Finchat.io for free to get easy access to global stock coverage and powerful AI investing tools. Register for EQ Bank, the seamless digital banking experience with better rates and no nonsense.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Attacchi Israeliani sull'Iran, colpiti siti nucleari, eliminati scienziati e capi militari. Teheran risponde con un centinaio di droni. Rubio: "Stati Uniti non coinvolti", Trump: "L'Iran faccia un accordo prima che non resti più nulla". L'analisi e i possibili scenari con Marco Di Liddo, direttore del Centro Studi Internazionali. Ondata di caldo sull'Italia, bollino rosso in tre città. Sentiamo Giulio Betti, climatologo e meteorologo del Consorzio Lamma del CNR. In cima alla nostra classifica delle buone notizie della settimana la distribuzione (e rimborsabilità) dell'insulina settimanale. Italia primo paese europeo. Con noi Raffaella Buzzetti, presidente della Società Italiana di Diabetologia e professoressa di endocrinologia alla Sapienza Università di Roma.

Scavare la roccia con un laser: è questo l'obiettivo del progetto Europeo DeepU. Questo progetto mira a sviluppare una punta per trivelle radicalmente innovativa, che combina un potente laser con gas criogenici (freddissimi) per rimuovere le "ceneri" della roccia.Il lavoro è in fase avanzata e, come previsto, il laser riesce a perforare tutti i tipi di roccia. Più complessa è invece la fase di vetrificazione delle pareti del condotto per renderle a tenuta stagna, un passaggio fondamentale per lo sviluppo della geotermia. Ce ne parla ancora Adele Manzella, prima ricercatrice dell'Istituto di Geoscienze e Georisorse del CNR.

Il più grande e importante ente di ricerca in Italia, il Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, non può lavorare ad accordi internazionali o a convenzioni con altri enti, non può bandire concorsi, non può rinnovare i direttori degli istituti in scadenza, non può attirare ricercatori dall'estero. Non può nemmeno stabilizzare le migliaia di ricercatori precari, né assumerne di nuovi. È tutto fermo perché il CNR è rimasto presidente e senza quattro dei cinque membri del consiglio di amministrazione. I loro mandati sono scaduti nei mesi scorsi e il governo non ha nominato i suoi successori. Vediamo perché e cosa comporta fermare un'istituzione che dà lavoro a circa 9mila persone. Ci occupiamo poi di creme idratanti costosissime e da supermercato, per capire quali differenze ci sono (se ci sono).   ⁠Il link per abbonarti al Post e ascoltare la puntata per intero. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Perché l'energia geotermica è così poco sviluppata? Paesi vulcanici come l'Italia, in particolare, hanno un sottosuolo che offre condizioni ideali, ma su questa fonte ci sono poche aspettative. Perché? Il principale problema della geotermia tradizionale è che necessita sia di calore che di acqua, e il rischio di non trovare abbastanza dell'uno o dell'altra quando si effettua una perforazione è alto. Ma cosa dire se si potesse fare a meno dell'acqua? L'ultima frontiera della geotermia mira proprio alla possibilità di realizzare circuiti idraulici a grande profondità, nei quali iniettare acqua da un pozzo per poi ripescarla calda da un altro pozzo. Tutto questo, senza che l'acqua si disperda nel sottosuolo, come avviene col cosiddetto fracking, col rischio di aumentare la sismicità. Ce ne parla Adele Manzella, prima ricercatrice dell'Istituto di Geoscienze e Georisorse del CNR.

Tajani: “Indignano i morti civili a Gaza, Israele si fermi”. Il supporto dell’occidente a Tel Aviv sembra venire sempre meno. Ne parliamo con Ugo Tramballi, consigliere scientifico ISPI e editorialista del Sole 24 Ore.L’Organizzazione meteorologica mondiale prevede: tra il 2025 e il 2029 il riscaldamento globale crescerà di 1,5 gradi. D’altra parte, per la Commissione europea l’Ue è ad un passo dal target del taglio di emissioni del 2030. Con noi Antonello Pasini, fisico del clima del CNR.Referendum dell’8 e 9 giugno: oggi il nostro approfondimento sul secondo quesito sul lavoro, relativo al limite per le indennità di licenziamento per le piccole imprese) con Gino Giove, segretario organizzativo della CGIL per il sì, e Benedetto Della Vedova, deputato di +Europa per il no.

Stéphane Bern raconte, à l'occasion de la Journée nationale de la Résistance, célébrée ce 27 mai, en référence à la première réunion du Conseil national de la Résistance qui s'est tenue le 27 mai 1943 pour unifier les principaux mouvements français, le destin de Jean Moulin, le résistant qui, à la demande du général de Gaulle, en a fait son oeuvre… Comment Jean Moulin est-il parvenu à unifier les différents mouvements de la Résistance intérieure française ? Quel est le contenu du programme adopté par le CNR le 15 mars 1944 ? L'union née de la Résistance a-t-elle perduré après la guerre ? Pour en parler, Stéphane Bern reçoit Fabrice Grenard, historien, chef du département recherche et pédagogie à la Fondation de la Résistance et auteur de "Jean Moulin, héros de la Résistance" (Tallandier, collection Texto) Au Coeur de l'Histoire est réalisée par Loïc Vimard. Rédaction en chef : Benjamin Delsol. Auteur du récit : Simon Veille. Journaliste : Armelle Thiberge. Distribué par Audiomeans. Visitez audiomeans.fr/politique-de-confidentialite pour plus d'informations.

Stéphane Bern raconte, à l'occasion de la Journée nationale de la Résistance, célébrée ce 27 mai, en référence à la première réunion du Conseil national de la Résistance qui s'est tenue le 27 mai 1943 pour unifier les principaux mouvements français, le destin de Jean Moulin, le résistant qui, à la demande du général de Gaulle, en a fait son oeuvre… Comment Jean Moulin est-il parvenu à unifier les différents mouvements de la Résistance intérieure française ? Quel est le contenu du programme adopté par le CNR le 15 mars 1944 ? L'union née de la Résistance a-t-elle perduré après la guerre ? Pour en parler, Stéphane Bern reçoit Fabrice Grenard, historien, chef du département recherche et pédagogie à la Fondation de la Résistance et auteur de "Jean Moulin, héros de la Résistance" (Tallandier, collection Texto) Au Coeur de l'Histoire est réalisée par Loïc Vimard. Rédaction en chef : Benjamin Delsol. Auteur du récit : Simon Veille. Journaliste : Armelle Thiberge. Distribué par Audiomeans. Visitez audiomeans.fr/politique-de-confidentialite pour plus d'informations.

Cette semaine, dans un nouveau numéro d'Idées, Pierre-Édouard Deldique s'intéresse au programme fondateur du CNR avec son invitée, Claire Andrieu, historienne, spécialiste de l'après-guerre, coordinatrice du livre intitulé « Conseil national de la résistance » paru dans la collection Folio Histoire (Gallimard). Un livre de référence désormais. Devenu « mythique » avec les années, le Conseil national de la résistance a été fondé en 1943 alors que la France est placée sous le régime de Vichy. Sous l'autorité du général de Gaulle, les hommes qui le composent rédigent un programme des jours heureux, distribué clandestinement par le journal « Libération ». 200 000 exemplaires sont écoulés, et une fois la paix obtenue, certaines de ses mesures, comme la Sécurité sociale, sont mises en place.Dans son nouvel ouvrage, Claire Andrieu aborde ce programme dans « l'espace et le temps ». Comment a-t-il impacté la France et ses voisins ? De quoi s'inspire-t-il ? Qu'en reste-t-il aujourd'hui ?Autant de questions qu'elle aborde avec Pierre-Édouard Deldique durant ce nouvel épisode d'Idées, le magazine qui interroge celles et ceux qui pensent le monde.Lien utile.  Programmation musicale :- Ben Selvin and his orchestra - Happy days are here again- Georges Gosset - Eh Hop On En Sortira.

What if the most transformative healing you could offer the world wasn't through doing more, but through becoming a blessing in how you simply show up? Tune in for an inspiring discussion with Paul Weiss on his work The Blessing Way. Moments with Marianne airs in the Southern California area on KMET 1490AM & 98.1 FM, an ABC Talk News Radio affiliate! Not in the broadcast area? Click here to listen! Paul Weiss is a highly acclaimed writer, teacher, and founder of The Whole Health Center in Blue Hill, Maine. His work encompasses zen meditation, tai chi, qigong, and compassionate healing practices, drawing from decades of study and practice across various traditions. His counseling work incorporates a Buddhist-based cognitive behavioral therapy, couple's communication processes, and expressive emotional recovery and integration work. In his practice, he also applies meditative awareness to what he called  CNR – conscious neural re-circuiting; and has elaborated the Tibetan compassion practice of Tonglen as a comprehensive therapeutic program he calls Compassion, Integration, and Healing. . https://www.thewholehealthcenter.org For more show information visit: www.MariannePestana.com 

Sparatoria di Monreale: confessa un 19enne originario del quartiere Zen di Palermo. Sentiamo Fabrizio Ferrandelli, assessore a innovazione, abitare sociale e politiche giovanili del Comune di Palermo. Indice del clima 2025 del Sole 24 Ore: Bari la città migliore, aumentano i fenomeni estremi in Italia. Ne parliamo con Antonello Pasini, fisico del clima del CNR.

La visita di Meloni da Trump analizzata dal punto di vista comunicativo con Massimiliano Panarari, docente di sociologia della comunicazione alle università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Luiss e Bocconi. Il meteo del weekend di Pasqua e un punto sulle precipitazioni delle scorse ore con Giulio Betti, climatologo e meteorologo del Consorzio Lamma del CNR. Dopo oltre tre anni di negoziati, gli Stati membri dell'OMS hanno trovato uno storico accordo sulla lotta alle pandemie. Ne parliamo con Roberta Villa, medico, giornalista e divulgatrice, autrice della newsletter “Fosforo e miele” su Substack.

The Moose on The Loose helps Canadians to invest with more conviction so they can enjoy their retirement. 5 easy steps to clean your portfolio: https://moosemarkets.com/webinar Download the Rockstar list here: https://moosemarkets.com/rockstars Join the Retirement Loop waitlist here: https://www.retirementloop.ca Why I prefer low yield vs high yield: https://moosemarkets.com/income Companies mentioned in this episode: WCN.TO, MRU.TO, EMP.A.TO, L.TO, DOL.TO, ATD.TO, CP.TO, CNR.TO, H.TO, FTS.TO, TMX.TO, SLF.TO, GWO.TO, MFC.TO, FNV.TO.

Stati Uniti: Trump congela 2,2 miliardi di fondi a Harvard e minaccia tagli a tv pubbliche, ONU e NATO. Un giudice federale nega revoca status legale a 500mila immigrati. Ne parliamo con Mattia Diletti, professore di scienza politica e public policy alla Sapienza Università di Roma esperto di politica americana, autore di “Divisi. Politica, società e conflitti nell’America del XXI secolo” (Treccani Libri). Nelle conclusioni del rapporto Stato Europeo del Clima 2024, Copernicus dipinge un quadro sempre più difficile. Sentiamo Giulio Betti, climatologo e meteorologo del Consorzio Lamma del CNR. Il sud preferisce i farmaci di marca a quelli generici, spendendo così circa un miliardo in più. Ne scrive su Il Sole 24 Ore di oggi Marzio Bartoloni.

En este episodio, repasamos los temas más críticos del día: • Wall Street rebota con esperanza: Los futuros suben tras rumores de negociaciones comerciales: $SPX +1.4%, $US100 +1.3%, $INDU +2.1%. Trump mantiene sus aranceles, pero está abierto a acuerdos. UE, Japón y Vietnam estarían entre los primeros países en la mesa de diálogo. • Occidental lidera captura de carbono: $OXY recibió aprobación de la EPA para iniciar el primer proyecto DAC con permiso Clase VI. STRATOS podrá almacenar hasta 500,000 toneladas métricas de CO₂ al año. Iniciará operaciones en 2025, con apoyo de BlackRock. • Trump impulsa minería de carbón: Firmará hoy una orden ejecutiva para revitalizar el carbón como fuente clave para centros de datos de IA. Acciones del sector suben fuerte: $BTU +7.6%, $ARLP +3.2%, $CNR +3.2%, $HCC +3.9%. • IBM lanza el z17 con IA integrada: $IBM presenta su nuevo mainframe con chip Telum II y coprocesador AI. Procesa hasta 450B inferencias por día. El sistema estará disponible desde el 8 de junio, con foco en seguridad, velocidad y decisiones inteligentes. Un episodio para entender cómo el comercio, la energía y la IA están redibujando el panorama económico global. ¡No te lo pierdas!

In this episode of The Canadian Investor Podcast, we delve into the significant market fluctuations experienced since the beginning of the year, with a particular focus on the transportation and logistics sectors. Despite the prevailing macroeconomic uncertainties, these industries have faced notable drawdowns, potentially unveiling investment opportunities. We discuss 13 prominent companies within these sectors, examining their recent performance and assessing whether the current market sentiment presents a compelling case for investors to explore. Tickets of stocks/ETFs discussed: CP.TO, CNR.TO, UNP, TFII.TO, R, ODFL, FDX, UPS, CJT.TO, XPO, GXO, 1919, MaerskB Check out our portfolio by going to Jointci.com Our Website Canadian Investor Podcast Network Twitter: @cdn_investing Simon’s twitter: @Fiat_Iceberg Braden’s twitter: @BradoCapital Dan’s Twitter: @stocktrades_ca Want to learn more about Real Estate Investing? Check out the Canadian Real Estate Investor Podcast! Apple Podcast - The Canadian Real Estate Investor Spotify - The Canadian Real Estate Investor Web player - The Canadian Real Estate Investor Asset Allocation ETFs | BMO Global Asset Management Sign up for Finchat.io for free to get easy access to global stock coverage and powerful AI investing tools. Register for EQ Bank, the seamless digital banking experience with better rates and no nonsense.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Last time we continued to speak about the Kumul Rebellion.. Ma Shaowu, appointed as Taoyin, executed rival Ma Fuxing and tightened anti-Soviet policies, responding to growing Soviet influence following Yang Zengxin's assassination in 1928. Kashgar became a refuge for conservative Turkic Muslims opposing Chinese authority, amidst a backdrop of rising tension with Tungan troops, perceived as oppressors. By 1931, as news of the Kumul Rebellion spread, resistance against the Han Chinese intensified, emboldening local insurgents to unite against their enemies. In May 1932, Jin sought vengeance against Tsetsen Puntsag Gegeen, the Torgut Mongol regent, hosting him under the guise of an investigation. At a banquet, Tsetsen was executed, igniting fury among the Turkic peoples. As the Kumul Rebellion grew, rebel leaders Ma Fuming and Ma Shihming united forces, launching assaults that devastated Chinese control. By March 1933, Ma Shaowu found his authority diminished, desperately appealing for British aid as rebellion spread, leaving Xinjiang in chaos.   #134 Kumul Rebellion part 3: A Game of Thrones in Southern Xinjiang Welcome to the Fall and Rise of China Podcast, I am your dutiful host Craig Watson. But, before we start I want to also remind you this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Perhaps you want to learn more about the history of Asia? Kings and Generals have an assortment of episodes on history of asia and much more  so go give them a look over on Youtube. So please subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry for some more history related content, over on my channel, the Pacific War Channel where I cover the history of China and Japan from the 19th century until the end of the Pacific War. So we last left off in mid March, where Ma Shaowu's control over southern Xinjiang had diminished to just a wedge of territory around Kashgar, Maral Bashi and Yarkland. Morale was so low, Ma Shaowu asked the British Indian government for military assistance as it seemed apparent no help would come from Urumqi. Ma Shaowu had received 3 telegrams from Jin via the USSR lines; the first confirmed his position as Commander in Chief; the second relayed Jin's brother's death and the third directed Jin Kashgar representatives to remit a large sum of money to his personal bank account in Tientsin. That last signal must have been a banger to read. Despite reinforcements sent to Yarkland under Colonel Chin, rampant inflation went unchecked and a sense of panic spread amongst the Chinese officials stationed in the region. In response the Chinese officials began withdrawing into Yarkland New City which was fortified with walls being hurriedly repaired and reinforced. Apparently heavy stones were placed all atop the walls to be thrown upon the rebels and 500 dummy figures were placed on the walls to “give the impression of a well-manned rampart”. When you start making dummy's for a wall defense, you know you are going to die. On March 21st, insurgent forces at Tokhta Langar advanced upon Yarkland. Colonel Chin's men made no attempt to resist the rebels and instead looted Guma and fell back using little known hill track by passing Karghalik and Posgam, killing large numbers of Uyghur civilians for good measure in the process. The rebels advanced straight to Yarkland unnopposed seizing Karghalik and Posgam in the process. Within both places a number of Hindu moneylenders of British Indian nationality were slaughtered. Back in Yarkland New City the provincial forces continued to bolster their defenses. By late March a group of 150 Chinese troops who had fled the rebels at Khotan arrived with a further 300 showing up to the oasis on April 2nd. During this period Muslim insurgents had massed up along the east bank of Yarkland River. They looked ill-armed and untrained as they forced the river during the first week of April. On the 11th of April Yarkland Old City fell to a mixed rebel force from Khotan, Karghalik and Posgam, seeing roughly 100 Chinese who were still outside the fortified New City massacred. In the afternoon, the bazaar connecting the Old and New Cities of Yarkand was set ablaze and completely destroyed. The shops belonging to Chinese moneylenders were ravaged, and their belongings were looted, leading to a siege of Yarkand New City. On the 12, rebel forces moved beyond Yarkand towards Kok Rabat, a key point on the route to Kashgar. At the same time, additional insurgent reinforcements from Khotan began to pour into the Yarkand Oasis. So by April, Ma Shaowu's position was simply done for, his only hope was to reach an agreement with the incoming force led by Ma Chanzeng. He opened up negotiations with Ma Chanzeng through the British Consul General at Kashgar, Fitzmaurice. However Ma Chanzeng could not speak for his Uyghur ally Temur, whom he was having issues with. To make matters worse, the Kirghiz levies began to mutiny on April 5th at Sughun Karaul, a Chinese fortified post roughly 65 miles northwest of Kashgar. This was followed by peasant uprisings amongst the Uyghurs at Artush and Fayzabad. Facing this Ma Shaowu ordered Brigadier Yang and the troops at Maral Bashi to fall back to Kashgar. Before departing Maral Bashi Yans troops burned and looted the town after which “They set out on their way to Kashgar with a large number of carts laden with refugees or loot or both; but this proved to be the last straw. The troops made slow progress, and in the meantime the whole countryside, incensed beyond endurance, rose against the Chinese. A bridge was broken at Kara Yulgun and, while the column was halted, it was set upon by a vast horde of rebels”. Karma is a bitch as they say. Brigadier Yang was wounded during the ambush and taken prisoner by rebels. Of his original force of around 1000, its estimated only 65 men limped back to Kashgar by the 27th of april. Meanwhile the main bulk of the Kirghiz mutineers advanced to Artush by April 15th from whence they menaced Kashgar as other Kirghiz groups attacked Kizil Oi and Ulugh Chat and demolish Chinese pots at Bulun Kul. With the dissolvement of Brigadier Yangs forces from Maral Bashi, Kashgar was completely vulnerable and isolated. Ma Shaowu, was probably very anxious to reach an agreement with Ma Chanzeng, but still took the precaution of preparing for a siege. As the Chinese were soiling themselves awaiting the rebel attacks, suddenly a divide emerged between the Tungan and Turkic factions. It appeared Ma Chanzeng had become concerned over reports of Uyghur insurgents rising up in Khotan, who owed him no loyalty. So he decided to reach an agreement with Ma Shaowu. Ma Shaowu agreed to allow Tungan power to be established at Kashgar, the military and economic key to southern Xinjiang. Ma Chanzeng dispatched a message via the British Consul general at Kashgar offering assurance that the sole objective of the Tungan forces in Xinjiang was to overthrow the tyrannical Jin Shujen and his reforms. Thus having seemingly distanced himself from the Turkic speaking Muslims of the south, whose apparent goal was to fully succeed from the Chinese Republic, Ma Chanzeng and Temur advanced to Kashgar.  Back over in Kashgar Old City, Turkic speaking nationalists calling themselves the Young Kashgar Party or “YKP” had become suspicious of Ma Chanzeng's motives and believed perhaps there was collusion between Gansu Tungans and Ma Shaowu. The Uyghurs feared this would lead to Tungan domination of Kashgar and the replacement of Han Chinese tyrants for Tungan tyrants. 7 leading members of the YKP set out from Kashgar to persuade Ma Chanzeng that Ma Shaowu would betray him. They met at Fayzabad with Uthman Ali, the leader of the Kirghiz mutineers present. Upon hearing their plea, Ma Chanzeng asked Uthman Ali to lead the Kirghiz to attack Kashgar Old City. Early on May 2nd, Uthman Ali led a large Kirghiz force against the Old city and according to the eye witness account of the British Consul General “They took up positions opposite each of the four gates of the city and at the same time sent parties to call up the country people Uyghurs. These appeared from all sides in thousands, armed with clubs and sticks, and there was a great display of enthusiasm ... Firing continued until about two in the afternoon, when the Kirghiz either forced an entry or were admitted by the Tushik Gate'. Most of the non-Chinese garrison simply joined the rebels. At the yamen, Ma Shaowu and his personal bodyguard continued to hold out as the Kirghiz secured the Old City, but notably prevented the Uyghurs from looting and ordered them back to their villages. The reason for this unexpected restraint became clear the next day, when the Kirghiz were left in sole possession of the Old City, and who proceeded to sack it themselves. The British Consul General estimated 100 Chinese were killed and their looted property was carried off or auctioned on the street. During the afternoon around 300 Uyghurs led by Temur arrived at Kashgar and were admitted into the Old City without any question by the Kirghiz, followed by the Tungans with Ma Chanzeng. Both forces marched to the walls of Kashgar New City, roughly 2.5 miles distant and after negotiations with the Chinese defenders were allowed entrance. The British Consul General had this to say of the moment “It was probably better to surrender to the Tungans than to be slaughtered by the Kirghiz”. With the fall of Kashgar New City, Han Chinese power in southern Xinjiang, excluding the besieged garrison of Yarkland New City was effectively brought to an end.  On May 7th, Ma Chanzeng realized the YKP had misled him and that Temur was under their influence and thus no longer a reliable ally. After the capture of Kashgar Old City, it seems the Kirghiz began negotiating with Temur over the spoils of their victory and made zero attempt to loot the Old City Yamen where Ma Shaowu was holding out. Ma Shaowu would make a invaluable ally against the Turkic nationalists who controlled Old city and much of southern Xinjiang. Thus Ma Chanzeng began secretly negotiating with Ma Shaowu. As a result the next day, Ma Chanzengs men put up notices announcing that the Taoyin and other officials of the former regime should retain their official posts. This obviously pissed off the Turkic Muslims who did now share the same loyalty to the Chinese Republic as the Tungans. The Kirghiz immediately manned the walls and closed the gates of the Old City, preparing to face the Tungans. At this point Ma Shaowu defused the situation temporarily by resigning as Taoyin and handed the officials seals over to Ma Chanzeng. Ma Chanzeng did not take the title of Taoyin, but certainly controlled the Old City Yamen and New City, keeping Ma Shaowu close and protected. It seems Ma Chanzengs strategy was to try and drive a wedge between Uthman Ali's Kirghiz and Temurs Uyghurs before a unified Turkic alliance could form, perhaps one that even incorporated Khotan forces. He was of course concerned with limiting the influence of the YKP who seemed to be as anti-Tungan as they were anti-Chinese. On the 10th he ordered the arrest of the most prominent YKP leader, Abd al-Rahim Bay Bachcha, who was released only after agreeing to supply the Tungan forces with 1000 uniforms at his own expense. Following this, Ma Chanzeng seized Temur who had just been proclaimed commander in chief of the combined Muslim armies at Kashgar. Temuar was invited to a meeting at the Old City Yamen on the 17th where he was placed under arrest. Had Ma Chanzeng managed to transfer his captive into the New City, he may have succeeded in his plans. But he did not have enough men to man both the Old and New Cities and when he tried to block the Uyghurs and Kirghiz from rescuing Temur they simply stormed the city walls.  With the failure to secure Temur, Ma Chanzeng had basically revealed to the Turkic Muslims and confirmed the claims of the YKP that he intended to set up a Tungan regime in Kashgar. On May 18th the pissed of Kirghiz mounted a surprise attack on the Old City. They avoided the yamen where Ma Chanzeng and Ma Shaowu remained, as Tungan forces there were heavily armed with artillery and machine guns, but murdered any other Tungans they found in the Old City. Fighting went on throughout the day and night. As a result of the Kirghiz attack, Ma Chanzeng agreed to hand control over Kashgar to Temur and Uthman Ali. On the 19th a very inconclusive treaty was signed seeing Temur confirmed as the Commander in Chief and Uthman Ali promoted to General in command of Kirghiz forces. Ma Chanzeng was given no official position, but retained control of the TUngan troops and on the 22nd accompanied by all of them withdrew from the yamen to Kashgar New City. Meanwhile Ma Chanzengs Tungan chief of staff, Su Qinzhou and Yunus Beg, a Uyghur of Kumul were appointed joint Taoyin of Kashgar and Ma Shaowu was permitted to take up residence in a nearby country house under protection from both Temur and Chanzeng.  The truce was followed awkward and uneasy peace with the Tungans controlling New City and the Turking speaking Muslims the Old City and Taoyins yamen. Fitzmaurice went on to state “that 'Ma Chanzeng, Temur and Uthman Ali all settled down to the congenial business of accumulating wealth and wives, whilst the YKP continued its intrigues against the Tungans, organized a 'parliament' of forty members, subsequently greatly expanded, and sent two delegates to Khoja Niyas Hajji, the leader of the Uighur rebels at Kumul”.  By this point it seemed Temur had fallen completely under the influence of the YKP and began issuing passports styling himself as “Temur Shah”. These documents also employed the Islamic Hijri date and not the Chinese Republic date, thwarting Nanjing's authority.  Over in the southern rim of the Tarim Basin, an are untroubled by the Tungan invasion and free from the Kirghiz movement, Khotan had emerged as a center of exclusive Uyghur control. Ismail Khan Khoja, the leader of the gold miner rebels of Karakash was soon eclipsed by the Uyghur nationalist committee for national revolution, known as the CNR, who was founded in Khotan in early 1932 by Muhammad Amin Bughra. Muhammad Amin Bughra was a scholar in his 30's and alongside his two younger brothers, Abdullah and Nur Ahmad, with some friends and fellow students began the movement. In early 1933 this group was joined by Abd al-Baqi Sabit Damullah, a teacher and former Qadi, that being an islamic judge from Kulja who had traveled extensively through the USSR, Turkey, Egypt and India. According to Muhammad Amin Bughra, “Sabit Damullah brought political information and experience to the Khotanlik Committee for National Revolution”. They were only 300 members who possessed nothing more than 50 antiquated rifles. Their political philosophy, like that of the YKP was uncompromising, they were nationalists who were extremely anti-communist, anti-christian, anti-tungan and anti-Han. The CNR favored the establishment of an Islamic theocracy in Xinjiang, with Muhammad AMin Bughra as its head of state. Muhammad Amin Bughra was working in Khotan as a mudarris, or teacher at Quranic college when an uprising began in February of 1933 in Karakash and Surghak. On the 20th of February the CNR leadership met and formed a provisional government with Muhammad Niyas Alam as president, Sabit Damullah as Prime Minister and Muhammad Amin Bughra as commander of the armed forces. Muhammad Amin Bughra also took the title “Amir al-islam” while his younger brothers took “Amir Abdullah khan” and “Amir Nur Ahmad Jan”. In most sources the rise of the CNR provisional government is referred to as the Government of the Khotan Amirs. Their new government was religiously intolerant, as a result when Khotan New City was captured on March 16th, the 266 or so Han Chinese there were forcibly converted to Islam. Following that, the Hindu moneylenders were murdered and the Swedish missionaries were exiled. Shari a law was implemented under the CNR with strict application of hadd criminal legislation. Between March and April the regime was reinforced by Janib Beg, a well known Basmachi leader who fled the USSR to reside in the Keriya Oasis under Ma Shaowu's control. Janib Beg made common cause with the Amirs and given his extensive military experience during the Basmachi struggle was placed in charge of a large body of Khotanlik rebel forces.  After they secured the Khotan Oasis, the Amirs began expanding their influence east towards Lop Nor and west towards Kashgar. In response to a appeal from the Uyghurs of Charchan who were resisting their Tungan liberators, a force of 100 Khotanliks came to guard against the Kara Shahr Tungan who were occupying the Charkhlik Oasis. Meanwhile in the west, Khotanlik forces captured Guma, Karghalik, Posgam and Yarkland Old City by early April. During the fight for Yarkland New City, over 2000 Han Chinese and Tungans were besieged by their forces. On the 24th, Amir Badullah Khan arrived to Yarkland to personally oversee the siege of its New City. According to Fitzmaurice, the Khotanlik forces had organized a military band, were doning red uniforms in stark contrast to the Tungan troops of Ma Chanzeng who wore green. Amir Badullah was greeted with a large ceremony as Turking speaking officials who had previously served under the Han Chinese were dragged through the streets in chains. On the 27th Amir Abdullah ordered the Swedish missionaries in Yarkland to be arrested and brought to him. We are told “Abdullah kicked and beat them himself, announcing that by their teaching the missionaries had destroyed the religion of Islam, and that it was therefore his duty to kill them'. The poor Swe's were only saved from a firing squad by the intervention of some British officials, instead they were exiled. Afterwards Abdullah focused his attention upon the siege of Yarkland New City. He ordered the water supply cut and for tunnels to be made to breach the walls. On the 27th three delegates from Ma Shaowu came to Yarkland and attempted to negotiate with Abdullah. Abdullahs response was to shoot a prisoner in their presence in what he called “a method of bringing them to a proper state of mind”. Then Abdullah sent them into the besieged New City to inform its defenders that their lives and property would be spared if they simply agreed to convert to Islam and lay down their arms. The besieged Han Chinese led by Colonel Qin, hastily agreed to the terms and on May 12th prepared to surrender. Shortly before this date however, the first Tungan and Turkic speaking troops, fresh from their victory at Kashgar arrived. Believing victory was well within his grasp, Abdullah became openly hostile with the Tungans and made it clear the newcomers were not appreciated. Faced with Khotanlik hostility, the small but well armed Tungans who owed their allegiance to Ma Chanzeng, and through him to Ma Chongying, entered the New City and strengthened its Tungan elements against the Khotanliks. Abdullah was shocked by this revelation and his hostility also had the effect of hardening the Chinese Muslim troops. They even sortied on May 18th briefly attacking and capturing the Altin and Khanqah gates of Yarkland Old City, setting fire to the surrounding areas before pulling back to New City. The Uyghur troops of Aksu and Kashgar led by Hafiz, a subordinate of Temur seemed to be keeping a neutral stance until the 22nd when news of the Tungan-Turkic conflict at Kashgar reached them. Following this, the two Turkic speaking armies at Yarkland cooperated in the siege of the New City. Despite the cooperation, Hafiz and Abdullah remained bitter rivals. Facing the united Turkic attack and realizing there would be no relief efforts from Kashgar, the Chinese of Yarkland New City surrendered on the 26th taking the original terms Abdullah had given them back on the 12th. The surrender would be incomplete however as the Tungans insisted on retaining their weapons and being allowed to go to Kashgar. The victorious Uyghurs and Kirghiz took 540 rifles from the Chinese and divided the spoils. However the men under Hafiz notably took the best quality rifles out of the pickings.  The defeated Chinese and defiant Tungans were divided into two groups roughly 1000 each and given permission to go to Kashgar. Neither party would reach its destination unmolested however. The first column, made up mostly of Tungan cavalry, was attacked and cut to pieces near Kizil. What became known as the Kizil Massacre was performed by a group of Kirghiz who owed their allegiance to Uthman Ali. Following the Kizil massacre, the Kirghiz irregulars entered Yangi Hissar where they killed all the Han Chinese and Tungans they could find. The second column was attacked and looted before they even got out of Yarkland, but did not undergo a massacre. When news came of the Kazil and Yangi Hissar massacrs to Kashgar, Su Qinzhou, the Tungan joint Taoyin departed the Old City Yamen to protest the killing of fellow Tungans and joined Ma Chanzeng in Kashgar New City. On May 31st, the Uyghurs of Aksu rose up and expelled the few Muslim Chinese that remained in their Oasis. The Taoyin that had been appointed by Ma Chanzeng and therefore was considered too pro-Tungan was removed from his post and replace by the leader of the Aksu insurgents, a Uyghur named Ismail Beg whose loyalty belongs to the anti-tungan Khotan Amirs.  The fall of Yarkland New City, massacre at Kizil and Yangi Hissar had not just signaled the final collapse of Han Chinese authority in southern Xinjiang, but also the alienation of Chinese speaking Muslims from their Turkic speaking neighbors. By the summer of 1933, the political power struggle in the south was now between the Uyghur and Kirghiz factions led by Amir Muhammad Amin Bughra at Khotan and the Tungan forces of Ma Chanzeng at Kashgar New City. Excluding Ma Chanzeng's forces the struggle over southern Xinjiang was more or less fought between the rival Turkic speaking Muslim factions at Khotan and Kashgar. Following the fall of Yarkland New City on the 26th of May, Temurs representative Hafiz attempted to conciliate with the Khotan Amirs, who were not happy their side got the less impressive rifles when they distributed the loot. Hafiz strengthened his forces then estimated to be 400 Uyghurs from Aksu and Kashfar, by conscripting another 200 Dunlanis from Merket.  Discovering this, the Amirs transferred command over their Yarkland forces to the youngest brother, Nur Ahmad Jan, while Abdullah set out for Kashgar at the head of 2000 Khotanliks. This action seems to be done to place pressure upon Temur. Meanwhile another force of 1000 Khotanliks under the Basmachi Janib Beg arrived at Kashgar on June 11th. Janib Beg's arrival with his poorly armed troops caused uproar amongst the local Turkic speaking leadership and Soviet Consulate General who feared the anti-Soviet Basmachi leader would swing the ongoing revolution to the right. Janib Beg immediately established his HQ at the garden of the Turkic nationals Abd Al-Rahim Bay Bachcha, raising the old spectre of an alliance forming between the Khotan AMirs and YKP, elements of whom were currently in favor of cooperating with the USSR. On July 4th, the Khotanlik presence was substantially increased by the arrival of Amir Abdullah, who brought over Prime Minister Sabit Dammulah and Shaykh al-Islam. Although Abdullahs forces were numerous, they were very ill-equipped. British reports indicate about 300 of them were armed with Russian rifles while another 300 had antiquated muzzle loaders and the rest bore Chumaq or heavy clubs. Nevertheless they posed a threat to both Uthman Ali and Temur, neither of whom sought to share the large stocks of food, money and arms they had looted in Kashgar New City. Temur made an elaborate show of welcoming Abdullah, installing him at the garden between the Old and New Cities pending more suitable arrangements.  Meanwhile at Yarkland, negotiations between Hafiz and Nur Ahmad Jan continued. Hafiz on behalf of Temur claimed territories of the Yarkland River, including Yarkland Old and New City, while Nur Ahmad Jan on behalf of the Khotan Islamic Government countered with claiming Kashgar and Maral Bashi. After a couple of incidents between the two armies, Nur Ahmad Jan took action against a number of Yarkandlik Begs who had petitioned Hafiz to intervene on their behalf. All the offenders were executed with their severed heads and displayed in public to antagonize Hafiz. When news of this reached Temur at Kashgar he was royally pissed and decided to make a move against the Khotanlik forces at Kashgar. Temur sought the support of his Kirghiz ally Uthman Ali, stressing the threat the Amir's would make to his position and bought off numerous other Kirghiz leaders. By mid-July, Uthman and his Kirghiz cavalry prepared to return to the mountains above Kashgar lulling the Khotanlik's into a false sense of security. Then suddenly on the morning of July 13th, Temur sent a force of 750 men to arrest Janib Beg. Abdullah was informed of this and sent 100 of his men to help Janib Beg, but they arrived too late and found themselves likewise arrested.  Following this minor success against Janib Beg, Temur and Thman Ali coordinated their efforts against Abdullah. They managed to corner and arrest him while disarming a large number of his troops. Realizing he was in imminent danger of getting arrested as well, al-islam Sabit Damullah fled for Artush, but was caught and quickly brought back to the Old City Yamen. During these actions casualties were quite light for both sides. On the night of July 13th, Abdullah and Sabit Damullah were placed under house arrest at the gardens, while Janib Beg was kept under close arrest. Now the new balance of power in southern Xinjiang had been held at a conference in Kashgar Old City on July 4th, attended by all the prominent Muslim leaders except Janib Beg and Ma Chanzeng. At the meeting it was agreed that the entire Yarkland Oasis should be transferred to Temurs control, while the Khotan Islamic government would be on the east bank of the Yarkland River. When news of this agreement reached Yarkland however, panic set in amongst the Khotanlik troops who had been ordred to withdraw from Yarkland New City by Hafiz. Hafiz moved quickly to exploit the situation, sending 200 men to hold the ferries across the Yarkland River to cut off the Khotanlik retreat. He arrested Nur Ahmad Jan and disarmed hundreds of his troops in the process. Nur Ahmad Jan was imprisond in Yarkland Old City, just as his brother Abdullah was in Kashgar. Shortly after this, in violation of the agreements made as Kashgar, Hafiz sent his forces across the Yarkland River into the territory of the Khotan government and captured the town of Karghalik on July 20th.  The major reverses of the Khotan Amirs followed closely with the withdrawal of Ma Chanzeng's Tungan forces to Kashgar New City, leaving the victorious Uyghur leader Temur and Kirghiz leader Uthman Ali well placed to expand their political control over the whole of western Tarim Basin. Such a feat could have been possible, if both leaders were capable of cooperating against the besieged Tungans. Uthman Ali, now taking the name Amir Al-Muslimin “prince of the believers” and Ghazi “holy warrior” was keen to attack Ma Chanzeng, whom he had personal quarrels. Temur on the other hand was not keen on full scale war against his former ally. Thus Uthman Ali withdrew from Kashgar to the hills on July 18th. Shortly after his departure, on the 26th a party of Khoja Niyas Hajjis officers, accompanied by 30 Kumullik soldiers arrived at Kashgar and presented Temur with an official seal and letter recognising his position as Commander in Chief of Kashgar. Its alleged, Khoja Niyas Hajji's delegates pressured Temur to attack Ma Chanzeng's forces in Kashgar New City. But Temur still did not want to do so, but agreed to invite Uthman Ali back to Kashgar to possibly perform joint operations against the besieged New City. Uthman Ali came back, but by August 8th, he departed again as Temur proved too reluctant to act. It seems Temur may have seen the situation as an ideal one to eliminate his Kirghiz ally and emerge the sole Turkic speaking Muslim commander in Kashgar. In any case he secretly formed an agreement with Ma Chanzeng and sent a large part of his army to pursue and disarm Uthman Ali and his Kirghiz forces. How Temurs Uyghur irregular infantry would overtake disarming mounted Kirghiz troops is anyone's guess. On August 9th, Temur left Kashgar Old City by car to see how his men were faring. Shortly after a force of 500 Tungans rapidly overran the ill defended Old City. Temur had made a fatal mistake. He was intercepted by Ma Chanzengs men on his way back to the Old City, where he was arrested and shot without ceremony. His head was cut off and placed on a spike outside the Id-gat Mosque in Kashgar Old City. Its like game of thrones in Xinjiang isnt it? As a result of slaying Temur, the Uyghur forces were left leaderless. Both Janib Beg and Abdullah took advantage of the chaos and escaped prison, fleeing southeast towards Yarkland. Ma Shaowu likewise slipped away from his house arrest, fleeing to Ma Chanzeng. The Tungans made zero effort to garrison the Old City, but disarmed and plundered its arsenal. On August 13th, Uthman Ali returned to Kashgar and sent a message to Ma Chanzeng asking his Kirghiz forces be given a share of the weapons taken from Temurs men. Ma Chanzeng refused to comply, so the Kirghiz forces attacked Old city, capturing it easily by the 16th. During the battle Uthman Ali's younger bother Umar was killed alongside 150 Kirghiz when they failed to attack the walls of New City. After taking Old City, Uthman Ali assumed Temurs title as Commander in Chief of the Turkic speaking forces at Kashgar. But he did not enjoy the full support of the Uyghurs and his Kirghiz had no hunger to attack the walls of New City, eager to return to their lands in Tien Shan. Then two new and unexpected things happened. On the 26th of August, a Syrian Arab adventurer named Tawfiq Bay arrived at Kashgar. He was a charismatic character, claiming to be a descendant of the Prophet Muhammad and had served for a time as an official under King Abd Al Aziz ibn-saud and a man who had formal military training and experience. Two days later the representatives of Khoja Niyas Hajji, arrived as a Kumullik delegation. They soon rallied the dispirited Turkic speaking forces in Kashgar Old City and urged them to renew their attack against Ma Chanzeng. Uthman Ali and his Kirghiz forces thus renewed their attack, aided by the Uyghurs who were rallied under Tawfiq Bay.  Meanwhile on the southern front Hafiz had found out about Temurs death, thus he halted his advance against the Khotanlik forces and returned to Yarkland New City. At the same time Abdullah reappeared in Yarkland taking command of the undefended Old City. From this new base he rallied the disorganized Khotanlik forces still in Karghalik and began a siege of Yarkland New City, still held by Hafiz with a mixed force number 600 Uyghurs and Dulanis. Meanwhile both Tawfiq Bay and the representatives of Khoja Niyas Hajji at Kashgar sent messengers to the Amirs stressing the need for joint Turkic actions against the Tungans, and appealed for a cease-fire between Hafiz and Abdullah in Yarkland. On September 26, Yarkland New City opened its gates to the Khotanlik forces of Hafiz and allowed the Uyghurs of Aksu and Kashgar to leave the oasis disarmed, but unharmed. Following this Abdullah assumed control over Yarkland, while Nur Ahmad Jan advanced at the head of a large force to Yangi Hissar to take control over its fortified citadel. The Khotan Islamic government still led by Amir Muhammad Amin Bughra from Khotan was thus extended west to the fringes of Kashgar and upon invitation from Tawfiq Bay, the Khotanlik Prime Minister and Al-Islam Sabit Damullah, negotiated the formation of a unified Turkic speaking Muslim alliance in southern Xinjiang. The alliance was one of necessity as the Tungan forces of Ma Chanzeng were tossing back attacks by the combined forces of Taqfiq Bay and Uthman Ali with ease. On September 7th, the Tungans sortied from New City and devastated their enemy at the village of Sekes Tash, killing 200 Uyghurs and Kirghiz. Tawfiq Bay and Uthman Ali soon received reinforcements, including Hafiz and his 500 troops, 300 additional Uyghur recruits from Aksu under a officer named Idris and a rather mysterious force of 300 Andijani Uzbeks under the command of Satibaldi Jan, a 25 year old Uzbek from Soviet Uzbekistan. With this mixed and ill armed force they all tried to pressure Ma Chanzeng, but it was still to no avail. Attempts to mine the New City walls all ended in failure as did attempts to starve them out. Uthman Ali's Kirghiz and local Uyghurs began to run into conflicts, as the Kirghiz felt they were bearing the brunt of the fighting. Soon some Kirghiz had 3 Uyghurs executed in Old City for “filling cartridges with sand instead of power”. Other Uyghurs were hung publicly outside the Id-gah Mosque for selling food to the besieged Tungans. Support for the siege wavered and by late September morale was so low, the local authorities stopped issuing passports to stop a exodus from the Oasis. Then on the 26th, Tawfiq Bay was seriously injured and could no longer lead from the front. Uthman Ali then resigned from his post as commander in chief on October 2nd in shame, fleeing to the hills, followed closely by Satibaldi and other local leaders. A power vacuum in Kashgar opened up and was filled by Sabit Damullah, the Prime Minister of the Khotan Islamic Government. Thus in the end, with the exception of the Tungans held up in Kashgar New City, the Khotan Amirs now dominated southern Xinjiang. I would like to take this time to remind you all that this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Please go subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry after that, give my personal channel a look over at The Pacific War Channel at Youtube, it would mean a lot to me. In what can only be described as a form of Game of Thrones in Southern Xinjiang, numerous groups fought together, then against each other, then together, until one was king of the hill. The Tungans still clung onto Kashgar New City, but with the Khotan Amirs at the reigns, could they take it all?