Podcasts about Mohamed Morsi

Egyptian President Abdel Fattah al-Sisi visited Ankara this week, signalling the end to years of animosity with his Turkish counterpart Recep Tayyip Erdogan. The two leaders committed themselves to a new era of cooperation – but some observers question how long it will last. The Egyptian president received a full diplomatic reception, with military bands and horses parading the Egyptian flag through the streets of the Turkish capital on Wednesday.Erdogan did not hold back in welcoming a man he once dubbed a "brutal dictator", and signalled a new era of partnership between the two countries."With our joint declaration, we confirmed our will to advance our cooperation in all fields, including industry, trade, defence, health, environment and energy," the Turkish president declared.String of bilateral agreementsThe two leaders signed no fewer than 17 agreements to deepen bilateral trade, diplomatic and military cooperation.The goal is to expand their annual commercial exchanges to over €13 billion in five years, from a little over €9 billion now.They also discussed their concerns linked to the Israel-Hamas war in Gaza and the shared desire to see a ceasefire there – part of a wider trend of converging regional interests.Sisi's visit follows Erdogan's trip to Cairo in February, which resulted from years of efforts to mend damaged relations.Ankara and Cairo cut ties in 2013 after Sisi, then defence minister, ousted Islamist president Mohamed Morsi – Turkey's ally and part of the Muslim Brotherhood movement. Turkey and Egypt turn page on decade of friction with show of friendshipQuestion of SomalilandDespite the decade of estrangement, trade between the two countries never ceased: Turkey is Egypt's fifth-largest trading partner, while Egypt is Turkey's largest in Africa.With the Egyptian and Turkish economies in difficulty, the need to increase bilateral trade is seen as a powerful impetus towards rapprochement and a driving force for cooperation.It could also ease tension in oil-rich Libya, which has been in a state of civil war for over a decade and where Cairo and Ankara back rival governments.Libyan security analyst Aya Burweila says that Libya has become an important arena for both countries."Because the lines in the sand are so set – and each country has its sphere of influence – this has helped both countries realise that it's much more lucrative if they cooperate rather than fight each other," she told RFI.Sisi and Erdogan also discussed tensions between Somalia and Ethiopia over the breakaway state of Somaliland, following reports that Egypt has started deploying weapons to Mogadishu.The deployment is part of Egypt's bitter dispute with Ethiopia over its Grand Renaissance Dam, which Cairo claims seriously threatens vital water supplies from the Nile River. Newly reconciled, Turkey and Egypt could be a force for stability in AfricaRivalry paused, not ended?However, analysts suggest Egypt could also be seeking to challenge Turkey's influence in Somalia – in which it has heavily invested – as well as complicating Ankara's efforts to mediate between the Somali and Ethiopian governments.Elem Eyrice-Tepeciklioglu, a professor of African studies at the Social Sciences University of Ankara, acknowledges the danger – but predicts Erdogan and Sisi will initially seek common ground."Both Egypt and Turkey can cooperate in Somalia, especially in terms of security," she observes."They can implement joint anti-terrorism initiatives. They can combine their efforts in development projects. They can involve themselves in political stabilisation initiatives, and so on."But they can also compete with each other for a more significant role and influence in Somalia."For now, though, most experts seem to agree that with the spectre of a wider regional conflict and increasing economic pressures, Erdogan and Sisi are fully aware that cooperation, rather than rivalry, is in both their interests. 

July 3, 2013. Egypt's first democratically elected President, Mohamed Morsi, is ousted from his office by the country's formidable military. This episode originally aired in 2023.Support the show! Join Into History for ad-free listening and more.History Daily is a co-production of Airship and Noiser.Go to HistoryDaily.com for more history, daily.See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan's visit to Cairo this week formally ended more than a decade of animosity with his Egyptian counterpart Abdel Fattah al-Sisi, with the two leaders committing their countries to a new era of cooperation. A military band and gun salute welcomed Erdogan when he arrived in Cairo on Wednesday, as Sisi rolled out the red carpet for his Turkish counterpart.Not long ago, the two leaders were more used to exchanging angry barbs. But now the talk is about cooperation to prevent Israel's looming military offensive against Hamas in the southern Gaza Strip and the growing humanitarian crisis there."We will continue the cooperation and solidarity with our Egyptian brothers for the bloodshed in Gaza to stop," Erdogan declared at a joint press conference with Sisi."In the medium term, we are ready to work with Egypt for Gaza to recover and be rebuilt."Decade-long riftBilateral relations plunged into a deep freeze after Sisi ousted Erdogan's close ally, Mohamed Morsi, in a 2013 coup.Erdogan's visit to Cairo resulted from intense and ultimately successful diplomatic efforts to end years of antagonism between the leaders."Reconciliation, an official visit by the Turkish president to Egypt, a meeting there is in and of itself significant," observes international relations expert Soli Ozel, a lecturer at Istanbul's Kadir Has University."Given what transpired in the past, obviously, this is a major move on the part of both President Erdogan and President Sisi."Clampdown on critical mediaFor years, groups affiliated with Morsi's Muslim Brotherhood and critical of Sisi broadcast from Istanbul – further stoking tensions between Turkey and Egypt."These Political Islam-inspired narratives across the whole region are obviously something that is considered corrosive by the Egyptian government," says political scientist Jalel Harchaoui, of the Royal United Services Institute for Defence and Security Studies in London.Harchaoui claims moves by Ankara to curtail opposition TV broadcasting in recent years facilitated the rapprochement with Cairo."It has always found a home in terms of being able to get broadcast across the region in Istanbul. But Erdogan was able to reduce these freedoms as part of his conversation with Cairo," Harchaoui says.Regional realignmentTurkey's deployment of troops in the Middle East and North Africa is also a point of tension with Cairo. Turkey and Egypt backed rival sides in the Libyan civil war.But Erdogan, speaking to the media with Sisi, pledged a new era of cooperation."We had the opportunity to evaluate the issues in Libya, Sudan and Somalia," the Turkish president said. "We give full support to the unity, togetherness, territorial integrity and peace of these three brotherly countries." What are Turkish troops and Syrian militia fighters doing in Libya?During his Cairo visit, Erdogan underlined that rapprochement with Sisi was part of a more comprehensive policy of repairing ties across the region."We never want to see conflict, tension, or crises in Africa, the Middle East or other places in our geography," Erdogan said."With this aim, we are determined to increase our contacts with Egypt at every level for the establishment of peace and stability in our region."Libya breakthrough?Turkey and Egypt are two of the region's powerhouses, and rivalry between the countries has only exacerbated conflicts in the region, particularly in Libya, argues Libyan security analyst Aya Burweila."In general, I think this is good," she said of their rapprochement. "I think it's helpful for Libya as well because both sides support different factions in Libya. And the stalemate has gone on for such a long time."It's about time that the existing powers figure out something that everybody can agree on, and there is a deal to be had." Newly reconciled, Turkey and Egypt could be a force for stability in AfricaBurweila believes Erdogan's rapprochement with Sisi and the broader region is also born out of the realisation that cooperation is more productive than rivalry."I think both parties realised that the best way forward is to cooperate and discuss, and that Turkey has realised that without economic partners in the Middle East, it cannot move forward," she said.Turkish Foreign Minister Hakan Fidan, on a visit to Libya this month, stressed the importance of Erdogan's meetings in Cairo to secure Libya's long-term future.Erdogan and Sisi also discussed the development of the region's energy resources.Such cooperation, observers suggest, could mark a new era in bilateral relations between these two regional heavyweights.

Gudrun Harrer in conversation with Khaled Fahmy 10 YEARS OF AL-SISI IN EGYPT It was 10 years ago, when Field Marshal Abdel Fattah al-Sisi appeared on TV in a military beret to announce the suspension of Egypt's constitution and the end of Mohamed Morsi's presidency. The same day, several media outlets allegedly supporting Morsi's party were closed and many journalists/directors arrested. While relentlessly controlling the media, Sisi also had something to offer. He was perceived as a devout Muslim whose political course would lead away from the Islamist Muslim Brotherhood. Also, parts of the population were pinning their hopes on him in view of the country's economic difficulties. How did democracy, human rights and economy develop since then? How does the West deal with Egypt and Sisi's regime? What is Sisi's reaction to the most recent military-political challenges in the region?  Having been educated at the American University in Cairo and the University of Oxford, and having earlier taught at Princeton, NYU, Columbia, Harvard and Cambridge Universities, Khaled Fahmy is an historian of the modern Middle East with special emphasis on nineteenth century Egypt. Currently, he is Professor at Tufts University. Gudrun Harrer, Senior Editor at Der Standard, Lecturer on Modern History and Politics of the Middle East, University of Vienna and Diplomatic Academy of Vienna

On Monday, Egypt's incumbent president Abdul Fattah al-Sisi won a third term in office with just under 90 % of the vote.This is despite ongoing economic turmoil in the country, caused by high inflation. A former army chief, Mr Sisi has ruled Egypt since overthrowing the democratically elected president, Mohamed Morsi, a decade ago. He will now be in power until 2029. In this episode of Africa Daily, Alan Kasujja talks to BBC Arabic's Mohamed Taha to find out why Sisi is so dominant and if he is likely to leave power after the next six years.And he discusses the impact of the country's economic crisis on ordinary Egyptians with economic journalist Doaa Abdelmoneim

67 millions d'Egyptiens sont appelés à choisir leur futur président, un scrutin acquis au sortant Abdel Fattah al-Sissi, au pouvoir depuis qu'il a renversé l'islamiste Mohamed Morsi en 2013.

Abdel Fattah el-Sisi has been the President of Egypt since 2014. Egypt perennially struggles economically and politically, with high inflation, widespread youth unemployment and military dictatorship. In fact, Egypt has been under military dictatorship for nearly seventy uninterrupted years- nearly, because after the 2011 Egyptian Revolution, democratically elected Mohamed Morsi, of the Muslim Brotherhood, came to power. But he was soon deposed in a military coup in 2013. The man who took his place was Sisi, today's subject.But as you're about to hear, Sisi's Egypt is far from stable, his continued leadership far from assured. He walks a constant tightrope, lurching from one crisis to another, painfully aware that among his three immediate predecessors as President, one was assassinated, another forced to resign, and the third imprisoned, later dying behind bars. My guest today is Amy Hawthorne. Amy is a Middle East specialist who has formally worked with the US State Department, the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, and the Project in Middle East Democracy. As well as Sisi's leadership style and background, we discuss the 2011 Revolution, the Muslim Brotherhood, Egypt's dire economic situation, and Egypt's perspective on the War in Gaza.

C'est demain, jeudi 9 novembre, que démarre officiellement la campagne pour l'élection présidentielle en Égypte. Le premier tour du scrutin doit se dérouler du 10 au 12 décembre. Et le président en place depuis dix ans, Abdel Fatah al-Sissi - qui a renversé les Frères musulmans de Mohamed Morsi en 2013 - semble déjà désigné pour un nouveau mandat. 

C'est demain, jeudi 9 novembre, que démarre officiellement la campagne pour l'élection présidentielle en Égypte. Le premier tour du scrutin doit se dérouler du 10 au 12 décembre. Et le président en place depuis dix ans, Abdel Fatah al-Sissi - qui a renversé les Frères musulmans de Mohamed Morsi en 2013 - semble déjà désigné pour un nouveau mandat. 

On 14 August 2013, Egypt's army killed hundreds of protestors in Cairo's Rabaa al-Adawiya Square. They were protesting against a military coup that had taken place a month earlier, in which the democratically elected president, Mohamed Morsi, was ousted. Sameh Elbarky was in the square that day. He speaks to Ben Henderson. (Photo: A poster of Egypt's ousted president, Mohamed Morsi, among debris in Rabaa Square. Credit: NurPhoto/Corbis via Getty Images)

Se cumple una década desde la matanza de unas 900 personas en una plaza de El Cairo. Eran simpatizantes de los Hermanos Musulmanes y del presidente en aquel entonces, Mohamed Morsi. Amnistía Internacional denuncia que 10 años después, nadie ha asumido ninguna responsabilidad sobre lo sucedido, y muchos detenidos de forma ilegítima languidecen en cárceles egipcias. Charlamos con Alfonso López, portavoz de Amnistía Internacional para Oriente Medio. Escuchar audio

As part of the Arab Digest Egypt week interrogating the 3 July 2013 Egypt coup that overthrew Mohamed Morsi, the country's only democratically elected president, Arab Digest editor William Law's guest is the Egyptian writer and analyst Maged Mandour. Their conversation begins with the revolution of 2011 and traces the circumstances that enabled the coup, follows the tightening vice of the Sisi dictatorship and his destruction of the economy and ends with Maged's thoughts on when and how a democracy could emerge in Egypt. Sign up NOW at ArabDigest.org for free to join the club and start receiving our daily newsletter & weekly podcasts.

Ten years ago this week, Egypt's first democratically elected president was ousted in a coup d'état. Mohamed Morsi, a member of the Muslim Brotherhood, was propelled to power by the Arab Spring. His dramatic fall was orchestrated by Abdel Fattah al-Sisi, a military general who promised to bring stability to Egypt. A decade later, the country's economy is in dire straits and Sisi rules with an iron fist. We bring you a report from our Cairo correspondents and speak to Koert Debeuf, professor of Middle East politics at Brussels University.

Mohamed Morsi, premier président démocratiquement élu en Égypte, a été renversé le 3 juillet 2013, après un an au pouvoir. L'organisateur de ce coup d'État était son ministre de la Défense, Abdel Fattah al-Sissi. Ce dernier gouverne l'Égypte d'une main de fer alors que le pays s'enfonce dans une profonde crise économique. Claire Bonneville, maître de conférences en histoire du monde arabe contemporain à l'Inalco, analyse la présidentialisation du pouvoir au cours des dix dernières années. 

July 3, 2013. Following major demonstrations against his rule, Egypt's first democratically elected president, Mohamed Morsi, is ousted by the nation's military. Go to HistoryDaily.com for more history, daily.See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

En 2011, le peuple égyptien se soulevait contre la dictature. Il suivait l'exemple tunisien et ouvrait la voie aux « printemps arabes ». Hosni Moubarak quittait le pouvoir. Des élections étaient organisées. Premières élections libres de l'histoire égyptienne. Législatives en novembre 2011, présidentielles en 2012, remportées par le Frère musulman Mohamed Morsi. L'année suivante, le 3 juillet 2013, l'armée provoque un coup d'État, dirigé par le Maréchal al Sissi, alors ministre de la Défense du président Morsi.   Dix ans que le Maréchal Sissi s'affirme comme l'homme fort de l'Égypte, sur fond de guerre contre le terrorisme et de répression implacable. Il se présente comme l'homme indispensable au maintien de la stabilité non seulement en Égypte, mais également dans l'ensemble du Proche-Orient. Un positionnement qui semble bien se faire à l'ombre des autres puissances arabes du Golfe. Arabie Saoudite et Émirats Arabes Unis en tête. Mais le pays se fragilise sous l'effet de l'impact économique de la guerre d'Ukraine, une inflation galopante et d'énormes dépenses publiques dans les infrastructures faisant exploser la dette, dans un contexte de grande immobilité politique.Invités :   Agnès Levallois, vice-présidente de l'IREMMO et maîtresse de recherches à la FRS, Fondation pour la Recherche Stratégique Stéphane Lacroix, professeur à Sciences Po et chercheur au CERI Salam Kawakibi, politologue, directeur du Centre Arabe de Recherche et d'Études de Paris. 

After nearly a decade of tensions and mistrust, relations between Türkiye and Egypt could be headed towards normalisation. Earlier this month, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan met his Egyptian counterpart Abdel- Fattah el-Sissi for the first time, just as the FIFA World Cup kicked off in Doha. President Erdogan said that ministerial level talks with Egypt could begin, ending one of Türkiye's last remaining diplomatic freezes in the region. During a recent event in Konya, President Erdogan said that there is no room for hard feelings in politics and that his Egyptian counterpart el-Sissi was very happy with their brief meeting. Meanwhile, Turkish Foreign Minister announced that the two countries could appoint an ambassador in the coming months, ending a nine-year absence. Ties between Ankara and Cairo turned hostile in 2013 after the overthrow of Egypt's first democratically elected President Mohamed Morsi. Egypt's support for the Saudi-led blockade against Qatar also strained its ties with Türkiye. So has one of the last diplomatic dominoes fallen, and how will the rapprochement between Türkiye and Egypt impact the region? GUESTS Umberto Profazio Associate Fellow at IISS Ali Bakeer Non-Resident Senior Fellow at Atlantic Council

In June 2012, Egypt held its first ever free democratic Presidential election. Mohamed Morsi, representing the Muslim Brotherhood, emerged victorious. Ben Henderson spoke to Rabab El-Mahdi, Chief Strategist to one of Morsi's rival candidates. She described what it was like to be involved in the first election of its kind, how Morsi tried to recruit her, and the personal impact of political campaigning in such a polarised country. In June 1982 a young Chinese-American engineer was murdered with a baseball bat by two white men in the US city of Detroit. The lenient sentences the perpetrators received sparked an Asian-American activist movement with protests across the US. At the time, America was going through an economic depression and many blamed Japan, which was perceived to be flooding the US with its cars. For Asian-Americans, it was a time of fear. Farhana Haider spoke to Helen Zia, one of the activists who led the fight for justice. This programme was first broadcast in 2017. In 2003, Dr Nayana Patel, who ran her own fertility clinic in the state of Gujarat in India, carried out her first surrogacy procedure. It involved a surrogate mother and her own daughter. Dr Patel's clinic would go on to become one of the biggest in India attracting Western couples. It was legalised in 2002 but due to growing criticism, the government banned couples from the West from paying Indian surrogates to bear their children in 2015, arguing that the industry was exploiting poor women. Reena Stanton-Sharma spoke to Dr Nayana Patel. In 1985, the first robot-assisted medical surgery took place in Vancouver, Canada. It's now become a standard feature of operating theatres worldwide. The original gadget was named Arthrobot. A member of the original project team, Geof Auchinleck, told his story to Kurt Brookes. A Made in Manchester production. The UK's first official gay Pride march took place 50 years ago – on 1st July 1972. Alex Collins talked to Ted Brown, who took part in the London march.

In June 2012, Egypt held its first ever free democratic presidential election. Mohamed Morsi, representing the Muslim Brotherhood, emerged victorious. Ben Henderson spoke to Rabab El-Mahdi, Chief Strategist to one of Morsi's rival candidates. She described what it was like to be involved in the first election of its kind, how Morsi tried to recruit her, and the personal impact of political campaigning in such a polarised country. (Photo of Mohamed Morsi in 2012 by Ed Giles/Getty Images)

Sử gia Herodote thời Hy Lạp Cổ Đại từng nói rằng « Sông Nil là lộc trời ban cho Ai Cập » và « Ai Cập là viên ngọc quý của sông Nil ». Nhưng món « lộc trời ban » mà Ai Cập ra sức gìn giữ từ hơn hai thế kỷ qua nay có nguy cơ vuột khỏi tầm tay, chỉ vì một nguyên nhân duy nhất : Đập thủy điện đồ sộ « Renaissance », ở thượng nguồn sông Nil Xanh, trên lãnh thổ Ethiopia. Sông Nil, một trong những con sông dài nhất trên thế giới, được hình thành từ hai nhánh sông lớn : Nil Trắng – nhánh phụ lưu dài nhất bắt nguồn từ Burundi và Nil Xanh đến từ hồ Tana, trên cao nguyên Agish Abbay, Ethiopia. Với chiều dài gần 1.500 km, đi qua tám nước, sông Nil Xanh cung cấp đến 80% lưu lượng cho sông Nil. Nước ngọt : Chìa khóa an ninh quốc gia cho Ai Cập và Sudan Những năm gần đây nhánh Nil Xanh trở thành tâm điểm tranh cãi gay gắt giữa ba nước Ai Cập, Sudan và Ethiopia. Năm 2011, Ethiopia dưới thời thủ tướng Meles Zenawi đã quyết định khởi công xây dựng đập thủy điện mang tên Renaissance, cao 145 mét, rộng gần 1.880 cây số vuông, và có sức chứa đến 74 tỷ m3 nước bất chấp những phản đối từ Sudan và nhất là Ai Cập. Một khi hoàn thành, công trình thủy điện này có thể tạo ra 6450MW điện năng. Là quốc gia có khí hậu sa mạc, Ai Cập phụ thuộc nhiều vào sông Nil về nhu cầu nước ngọt. Từ nhiều năm qua, quốc gia này bắt đầu đối mặt với tình trạng khan hiếm nước do biến đổi khí hậu gây ra. Ông Frank Galland, chủ tịch ES2, Văn phòng Thiết kế đồ án tổng hợp và nhà nghiên cứu cộng tác cho Quỹ Nghiên Cứu Chiến Lược trên đài RFI giải thích, đối với chính quyền Cairo, đập giữ nước này là một hiểm họa cho sự sinh tồn, trong bối cảnh Ai Cập đối mặt với tình trạng bùng nổ dân số. « Trên thực tế, 98% nguồn cung nước ngọt cho Ai Cập phụ thuộc nhiều vào sông Nil. 95% người dân Ai Cập sinh sống bên hai bờ sông Nil. Vào lúc cả thế giới bị phong tỏa, Ai Cập đã vượt ngưỡng 100 triệu dân. 60% dân số Ai Cập là những người trẻ, chưa tới 35 tuổi. Tổng thống Sissi thật sự đang phải đối đầu với một quả bom dân số. Thế nên, nước ngọt còn là một vấn đề chủ quyền lãnh thổ, một vấn đề an ninh quốc gia cho Ai Cập. Ngay cả vị tổng thống trước đó, ông Mohamed Morsi, thuộc phe Huynh Đệ Hồi Giáo, từng nhấn mạnh rằng vấn đề đập thủy điện Renaissance còn có thể là một lời tuyên chiến ». Tương tự, Sudan – quốc gia láng giềng sát cạnh của Ethiopia – cũng có cùng mối lo như Ai Cập. Đập thủy điện Renaissance của Ethiopia chỉ cách công trình thủy điện Roseires của Sudan ở hạ lưu 120 km, có quy mô nhỏ hơn hai lần và sức chứa nước chỉ ở mức 7 tỷ m3, ít hơn đến 10 lần so với công trình thủy điện của Addis-Abeba. Với Khartoum, đập thủy điện Roseires là một trong những cột trụ cho nền kinh tế. Gần 2/3 trong tổng số 35,5 triệu dân phụ thuộc vào nguồn điện do Roseires tạo ra. Hồ chứa Roseires còn là nguồn dự trữ nước ngọt quan trọng cho nhiều dự án nông nghiệp hay cho các trạm bơm cung cấp nước ngọt đến tận thủ đô Khartoum. Ngay khi Ethiopia hoàn tất giai đoạn một việc đổ nước vào hồ (3,5 tỷ m3), lượng nước sông Nil đổ vào lãnh thổ Sudan đã bị tụt giảm, khiến chính quyền nước ngày quan ngại. Đập Renaissance : Sự hồi sinh một Ethiopia hùng mạnh Thế nhưng, chính quyền Addis-Abeba xem công trình thủy điện lớn nhất châu Phi, trị giá gần 5 tỷ đô la và được thực hiện với sự hỗ trợ của Trung Quốc, lại là một niềm tự hào dân tộc, một chiếc bệ đỡ cho sự phát triển kinh tế, và có thể cung cấp điện năng cho hai phần ba trong tổng số 115 triệu dân. Là quốc gia châu Phi có tỷ lệ tăng trưởng cao nhất (GDP 8%, số liệu năm 2019), « con Hổ » Ethiopia lại thiếu nguồn năng lượng trong khi mức nhu cầu điện năng tăng đều đặn 30%/năm. Điểm mấu chốt của sự tranh cãi giữa ba nước chính là nhịp độ đổ nước vào hồ chứa. Với sức chứa 74 tỷ m3 nước, Ai Cập và Sudan đề nghị một nhịp độ đổ nước chậm, kéo dài 21 năm. Cairo lo lắng tốc độ đổ nước quá nhanh vào bể chứa khổng lồ này dẫn đến một mức giảm to lớn lưu lượng sông Nil, ảnh hưởng đến hàng triệu người dân, đặc biệt là tầng lớp nông dân vốn đã chịu nhiều thiệt thòi vì cách quản lý nước bất bình đẳng ở tại quốc gia này. Nhưng Ethiopia lại muốn một nhịp độ tích đầy nước chỉ trong vòng 7 năm để có thể nhanh chóng vận hành cỗ máy sản xuất điện. Những bất đồng này kéo dài dai dẳng từ nhiều năm qua bất chấp sự can thiệp của nhiều tổ chức quốc tế, Mỹ, Liên Hiệp Quốc… Căng thẳng còn leo thang gay gắt khi thời gian gần đây chính quyền Addis-Abeba đơn phương hành động khi cho bắt đầu đổ nước vào hồ mà không cần sự đồng thuận. Ngày 19/7/2021, Ethiopia thông báo hoàn thành giai đoạn hai đổ nước vào bể, tức ở mức 13,5/74 tỷ m3 nước và con đập lớn Renaissance giờ đã có thể vận hành để sản xuất điện. Tuy nhiên, ông David Blanchon, giáo sư địa lý, trường đại học Nanterre, trong một chương trình của France Culture (ngày 13/09/2020) từng lưu ý rằng, sự thay đổi về lưu lượng dòng chảy các con sông tại Ai Cập sẽ tương đối ít, bởi vì đã có những con đập tại Sudan (Roseires) và ở Ai Cập (Assouan được xây dựng từ năm 1970), vốn dĩ cũng đã làm điều chỉnh dòng chảy. Tranh cãi về nhịp độ đổ nước chỉ là một cái cớ, vấn đề này còn mang dáng dấp của địa chính trị, một cuộc cạnh tranh giành quyền ảnh hưởng nhằm khẳng định thế mạnh trong khu vực.   Việc chọn tên cho đập thủy điện là « Renaissance – Hồi sinh » cũng không phải là chuyện ngẫu nhiên. Điều này khẳng định rõ sự trở lại của Ethiopia như là một cường quốc khu vực có những đầy đủ các thuộc tính cho đến giờ vẫn còn thiếu : Một Ethiopia hùng mạnh, đóng một vai trò địa chính trị hàng đầu tại ba vùng ảnh hưởng : Hồng Hải, lưu vực sông Nil, và Đông Phi. Ông nói :« Vấn đề là nhịp độ tích đầy nước vào hồ chứa nằm trong khoảng từ 7 – 21 năm, nhưng ở đây, đó chỉ là một cái cớ để lật đổ thế độc quyền kiểm soát lưu vực sông Nil. Ai Cập từng là một cường quốc, mà trước đây người ta hay gọi là cường quốc độc chiếm nước ngọt, khi khẳng định quyền thống trị trên lưu vực sống Nil và dựa vào các hiệp ước năm 1929 và năm 1959. Những hiệp ước này nói rằng Ai Cập có những quyền đối với sông Nil trong khi mà Ethiopia tiến hành một chính sách chống thế bá quyền đó. Ethiopia cho rằng tất cả các nước nằm trên lưu vực sông Nil là phải bình đẳng và Ethiopia có quyền làm chủ những nguồn nước ngay trên lãnh thổ của mình với đập thủy điện này. Đối với Ethiopia, vấn đề là phải khẳng định mình là cường quốc thủy điện, năng lượng, tại phần này của châu lục, nghĩa là vừa với Sudan, Kenya, Ouganda và với việc sản xuất thủy điện này, cần phải khẳng định như là một cường quốc công nghiệp mới trỗi dậy nhờ vào sự hỗ trợ của Trung Quốc. Do đó, ở đây có một bối cảnh chính trị vượt qua cả các vấn đề kỹ thuật là nhịp độ đổ đầy nước vào bể chứa. » Lỗi ở thực dân Anh Quả thật, là một nước ở hạ lưu, chặng cuối cùng của sông Nil trước khi đổ ra Địa Trung Hải, Ai Cập từ hơn hai thế kỷ qua, luôn tìm cách kiểm soát, trực tiếp hay gián tiếp những nguồn nước của sông Nil. Chính vì lý do này mà Mohammed Ali – tổng trấn Ai Cập (giai đoạn 5/1805 – 3/1848), từng đưa quân chiếm đóng Sudan ngay từ đầu thế kỷ XIX. Cũng trong ngần ấy thời gian, Ai Cập không ngừng xác quyết « các quyền lịch sử » đối với sông Nil khi thường xuyên nhắc lại những thỏa thuận khác nhau được ký kết trong các năm 1902, 1929 và 1959, phần lớn dưới thời Anh Quốc còn hiện diện ở châu lục. Những văn bản này trao cho Ai Cập một thế gần như độc quyền kiểm soát việc quản lý và chia sẻ nguồn nước « xanh » quý giá, theo hướng có lợi cho Ai Cập. Những hiệp ước này còn quy định rằng bất kỳ công trình xây dựng nào có thể làm biến đổi dòng chảy của sông Nil đều phải có sự đồng thuận của các nước ở hạ nguồn là Ai Cập và Sudan. Những thỏa thuận mà trong những thập niên cuối thế kỷ XX, Ethiopia nhiều lần đề nghị bãi bỏ nhưng không thành. Đó là chuyện của thế kỷ trước. Nhà địa lý học David Blanchon lưu ý là tình hình địa chính trị của lưu vực sông Nil một thập niên gần đây đã có những thay đổi lớn. Bị phớt lờ hơn hai thế kỷ qua, Ethiopia – nơi xuất phát của khoảng 80% lưu lượng sông Nil – muốn áp đặt một tầm nhìn khác về lưu vực sông Nil và muốn có một cách thức phân chia mới. « Ai Cập hoàn toàn dựa vào những hiệp ước đó, mang lại cho nước này những quyền hạn với một thế ưu việt trên lưu vực sông Nil. Thỏa thuận năm 1959 cho phép Ai Cập sử dụng đến 75% nguồn nước và Sudan là 25%. Nhưng thỏa thuận này được ký kết dưới thời thực dân Anh : Kenya và nhiều nước khác ở Thượng lưu sông Nil Trắng khi ấy còn là thuộc địa Anh. Thế nên, họ phản đối thỏa thuận này và muốn thay thế chúng bằng một thỏa thuận mới trong khuôn khổ Sáng kiến Lưu vực sông Nil. Đương nhiên, trong thỏa thuận mới này sẽ không có những quyền lịch sử của Ai Cập và trong thỏa thuận mới đó, tất cả các nước sẽ được đối xử như nhau. Ethiopia thúc đẩy được các nước thượng nguồn ký kết thỏa thuận nhưng không có Ai Cập và Sudan. » Gió đã đổi chiều ? Giờ đây, Ai Cập mong muốn có một phương thức quản lý mang tính khu vực và một cơ chế để giải quyết các xung đột. Không có được một đồng thuận hợp pháp về những quy định sử dụng nguồn nước từ đập thủy điện Renaissance, đất nước Ai Cập có nguy cơ phải phụ thuộc Ethiopia vào những mùa khô hạn. Sự bất lực này có lẽ sẽ là một dấu hiệu suy yếu của Ai Cập và đây sẽ là một điều khó xử cho tổng thống Al - Sissi. Trước những thất bại của nhiều cuộc đàm phán với Addis-Abeba, Cairo và Khartoum hồi tháng 4/2021 mở một cuộc tập trận chung mang tên « Những người bảo vệ sông Nil », gởi đi một thông điệp rõ ràng đến Ethiopia. Hai nước Ai Cập và Sudan, ngày 25/06 còn ký kết một thỏa thuận mới về hợp tác quân sự. Liệu rằng chiến tranh giữa ba nước có xảy ra hay không ? Về điểm này, nhà nghiên cứu David Blanchon tin chắc là « Không ». « Điều này rất khó xảy ra, bởi vì Ai Cập có lẽ sẽ không có được một sự hậu thuẫn nào nếu như nước này lao vào một cuộc xung đột vũ trang với Ethiopia. Về phần mình, chính quyền Addis – Abeba đã tạo lập một liên minh cả trong khu vực lẫn với Trung Quốc, và thậm chí trong quá trình xây dựng đập, còn có sự tham gia của một doanh nghiệp Ý và tập đoàn Alstom của Pháp, những hãng cung cấp tuốc-bin. Rõ ràng là có một liên minh đủ mạnh để tránh bất kỳ một cuộc xung đột nào. » Và liên minh này của Ethiopia dường như còn được củng cố hơn nữa khi trong phiên họp ngày 07/07/2021, nước Nga của tổng thống Vladimir Putin đột ngột đổi thái độ vào phút chót trong phiên họp Hội Đồng Bảo An Liên Hiệp Quốc, khi chính thức thừa nhận tầm quan trọng của đập thủy điện Renaissance đối với Ethiopia. Động thái này của Matxcơva đi ngược với những tuyên bố nhấn mạnh rằng công trình thủy điện Renaissance không nên có những tác động đối với các nước láng giềng là một điều cần thiết. Và trong cuộc đọ sức này, Ai Cập cùng với Sudan dường như đơn độc và bất lực hơn bao giờ hết trước những chính sách « sự đã rồi » từ Ethiopia. Gió đã đổi chiều rồi chăng ?

An Egyptian court has upheld the death penalty for 12 members of the Muslim Brotherhood, including two senior officials of the organisation.A judiciary official quoted by AFP says the court of cassation has reduced the sentencing of 31 other members to life in prison.The suspects had taken part in 2013 in an anti-government sit-in in Cairo.Hundreds were killed when the police used force to disperse the protesters. They were accused of "possession of weapons and resisting the police".The Muslim Brotherhood organisation has been banned and tagged a terrorist organisation after a military coup led by then-Defence Minister Abdul Fattah al-Sisi toppled President Mohamed Morsi in 2013.

10 years ago anti-government protests in Tunisia sparked a wave of spontaneous uprisings against authoritarian regimes in the Middle East and North Africa. The Arab Spring was met with repression by governments in the region, but ultimately led to the ousting of rulers such as Ben Ali in Tunisia, Muammar Gaddafi in Libya and Hosni Mubarak in Egypt. But the hope that these changes would usher a new era of democracy in the region has been belied. Michael Wahid Hanna (International Crisis Group) helps us understand the turbulent events of 2011 in Egypt, what changes they led to and why prospects for democracy in the country still appear bleak. Democracy in Question? is brought to you by:• The Institute for Human Sciences in Vienna: IWM• The Albert Hirschman Centre on Democracy in Geneva: AHCD• The Excellence Chair and Soft Authoritarianism Research Group in Bremen: WOC• The Podcast Company: Earshot StrategiesFollow us on social media!• Institute for Human Sciences in Vienna: @IWM_Vienna• Albert Hirschman Centre on Democracy in Geneva: @AHDCentreFollow Michael Wahid Hanna on Twitter: @mwhanna1Subscribe to the show. If you enjoyed what you listened to, you can support us by leaving a review and sharing our podcast in your networks! BIBLIOGRAPHY• Citizenship and its Discontents: The Struggle for Rights, Pluralism and Inclusion in the Middle East. (2019). Co-edited with Thanassis Cambanis.• Hybrid Actors: Armed Groups and State Fragmentation in the Middle East. (2010). Co-authored with Thanassis Cambanis.• Arab Politics beyond the Uprisings: Experiments in an Era of Resurgent Authoritarianism. (2017). Co-authored with Thanassis Cambanis. GLOSSARYWho are Zine el-Abidine Ben Ali and Muammar al-Gaddafi?(00:01:15 or p. 2 in the transcript)Ben Ali was a Tunisian politician who was the second President of Tunisia from 1987 until his fall in 2011 after the revolution of Tunisia. This revolution inspired uprisings in neighboring countries that came to be viewed as the Arab Spring. Ben Ali assumed the Presidency in 1987 in a bloodless coup d'état that ousted President Habib Bourguiba. Before his coup against Bourguiba, Ben Ali promised to move Tunisia towards democracy, but instead fixed elections that he won by majorities exceeding 90%, earning the nickname “Mr 99%”. He died 2019 in exile. Learn more.Muammar al-Gaddafi was a highly divisive Libyan revolutionary, politician and political theorist. He governed Libya as Revolutionary Chairman of the Libyan Arab Republic from 1969 to 1977 and then as the "Brotherly Leader" of the Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya from 1977 to 2011. Amid the 2011 Arab Spring, protests against widespread corruption and unemployment broke out in Eastern Libya. The situation descended into civil war, in which NATO intervened militarily on the side of the anti-Gaddafist National Transitional Council. The government was overthrown and Gaddafi retreated to Sirte, only to be captured and killed by NTC militants. Learn more.What is the Tahrir Square?(00:01:15 or p. 2 in the transcript)Tahrir Square in Cairo has been the location and focus for political demonstrations, most notably those that led to the 2011 Egyptian revolution and the resignation of President Hosni Mubarak.What is the Muslim Brotherhood and who is Mohamed Morsi?(00:04:30 or p. 5 in the transcript)The Muslim Brotherhood is a transnational Sunni Islamist organization founded in Egypt by Islamic scholar Hassan al-Banna in 1928. Al-Banna's teachings spread far beyond Egypt, influencing today various Islamist movements from charitable organizations to political parties—not all using the same name.In 2011 the Arab Spring revolution ousted Hosni Mubarak, Egypt’s president since 1981. Elections in June the following year brought the Muslim Brotherhood to power. The Brotherhood’s Mohamed Morsi became new president. Although in 2012 Mohamed Morsi became Egypt’s first democratically elected president, a year later he was overthrown by the military and held in prison on a series of convictions. In 2016 he was moved to the notorious Tora prison, near Cairo. He has died at the age of 67 after collapsing in court during a retrial of charges of espionage for the Palestinian Hamas organization. Learn more.Who are Gamal Abdel Nasser, Anwar el-Sadat, and Hosni Mubarak?(00:10:00 or p. 7 in the transcript)Gamal Abdel Nasser Hussein was an Egyptian politician who served as the second President of Egypt from 1954 until his death in 1970. Learn more.Muhammad Anwar el-Sadat was a close confidant of President Gamal Abdel Nasser, under whom he served as Vice President twice and whom he succeeded as president in 1970. He serves as President of Egypt until his assassination by fundamentalist army officers in 1981. Learn more.Hosni Mubarak took power in 1981 after the assassination of Anwar el-Sadat. He was the second Arab leader to be toppled by the 2011 Arab Spring protests. He died in 2020. Click here and here to learn more.As mentioned above, Mohamed Morsi from the Muslim Brotherhood became president next. In 2013 former general, Abdel Fatah al-Sisi, seized power in a military coup that ousted the country’s only democratically elected government. Abdel Fatah as-Sisi has been President of Egypt since.What happened in 1967?(00:11:00 or p. 7 in the transcript)The Six-Day War, also called June War or Third Arab-Israeli War or Naksah, is a brief war that took place June 5–10, 1967, and was the third of the Arab-Israeli wars. Click here and here to learn more.Who is Abd al-Fattah as-Sisi?(00:18:00 or p. 11 in the transcript)In 2013 former general, Abdel Fatah al-Sisi, seized power in a military coup that ousted the country’s only democratically elected government. Abdel Fatah as-Sisi has been President of Egypt since. Learn more.Who was Habib Bourguiba?(00:18:00 or p. 13 in the transcript)Habib Bourguiba was a Tunisian lawyer, nationalist leader and statesman who led the country from 1956 to 1987 as Prime minister of the Kingdom of Tunisia and then as the first President of Tunisia (1957–87). Prior to his presidency, he led the nation to independence from France. He was ousted by his abovementioned prime minister, Zine el-Abidine Ben Ali, who was himself overthrown decades later during the Arab Spring uprising in 2011. Learn more.

Turkey and Egypt have started diplomatic talks to restore ties frozen since the 2013 military coup that ousted President Mohamed Morsi. Analysts predict such a rapprochement could have repercussions across the north African region, but Morsi's supporters could end up paying the heaviest price. Turkish foreign minister Mevlut Cavusoglu announced that Egypt had agreed to high-level diplomatic talks in Cairo due to start in early May. The bilateral discussions are the first since the 2013 ousting of Egyptian President Mohamed Morsi, a close ally of Turkey's Recep Tayyip Erdogan. Huseyin Bagci, head of Turkey's Foreign Policy Institute, says Ankara's initiative is an attempt to counter growing isolation. "There is an increasing bloc, increasing antipathy towards Turkey, Turkey cannot go on like this, Israel, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates it is too much," warned Bagci. "It's not what Turkey intended to actually achieve; Turkey intended to become the leader, the regional player. Now only Qatar is supporting Turkey, and Qatar is not enough," he added. Soft words, hard feelings Last year, Cairo further turned up the pressure on Ankara, signing a deal with Athens to explore potential energy sources in Mediterranean waters contested by Greece and Turkey. But conciliatory Turkish words towards Cairo will not be enough to ensure a diplomatic breakthrough. "Ultimately whether this new turn is going to be effective and deliver results does hinge on what Turkey does," said Sinan Ulgen, head of the Istanbul-based Edam Research Institute.  Ankara's support of the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt or, as it's called in Arabic, Ikhwan, which was ousted from power in 2013 by the current President Fattah el-Sisi, remains a crucial point of tension between the countries. "Egypt right now is acting against Turkey just because of the Turkish government's policy based on the theological background," said regional analyst Cem Gurdeniz. "When Turkey leaves the religious policy, I am sure Turkey-Egypt relations will be better." Erdogan, who has Islamist roots, strongly backed Morsi and publicly wept over the Sisi-led crackdown on Morsi's Muslim Brotherhood supporters. The Turkish president, to this day, continues to use the finger "Rabbia" symbol used by the Muslim Brotherhood and Sisi opponents at public rallies. Egyptian opposition established in Turkey Istanbul has become a center for Egyptian opposition television, broadcasting by satellite into Egypt. The Turkish city is also a base for many leading Muslim Brotherhood members. But, in a sign of Turkey's rapprochement with Egypt, there are increasing reports Ankara is starting to impose restrictions on opposition tv broadcasts. Speaking to reporters, Turkish foreign minister Cavusoglu appeared to confirm those reports. "There are some opponents to whom we addressed the necessary warnings, especially those who exaggerate the extremist rhetoric against Egypt," declared Cavusolgu in April. Analysts predict the price of Egyptian rapprochement will mean Erdogan will have to make painful concessions. "Egypt is getting stronger with all the support it receives from all over the world, and Turkey is getting more and more lonely, and this is the problem of the Turkish government, I would say," said Bagci. "Tayyip Erdogan and Sisi probably will not shake hands as presidents in the foreseeable future, but Turkey will not be supporting the Muslim Brotherhood as before," he added. With Egypt and Turkey backing rival sides in the recent Libyan civil war and competing for influence in Sudan, analysts suggest a Turkish-Egyptian rapprochement could ease regional tensions. But difficult diplomatic talks are being predicted to lie ahead, given the recent animosity and distrust between the two sides.

Shymaa Adel is 33 years old, 13 of which have already been spent working in an editorial office. The Egyptian investigative journalist has been working for a decade for the national daily Al-Watan, based in Cairo. Since her beginnings, Shymaa Adel has experienced many political upheavals: the revolution of 2011 and the fall of Hosni Mubarak, the difficult democratisation that followed, the arrival in power in 2012 of the first democratically elected president: Mohamed Morsi, affiliated to the Muslim Brotherhood; then the military coup of July 2013, led by General Abd El-Fattah Al Sissi. In the midst of all this, for many years, Shymaa's work was outward-looking: war zones, conflicts, which she covered all over the Arab world. But since 2016, back home in Egypt, she has been focusing on the health sector. When Camille spoke with Shymaa, she was immediately struck by the contrast between her voice, still very young and sometimes even hesitant, and the stories she told her, which testify to an extraordinary courage and determination. This is the story of a journalist who does not hesitate to take risks. And who started taking them very early on.

Shymaa Adel a 33 ans, dont déjà 13 passés au sein d’une rédaction. Cette journaliste égyptienne d’investigation travaille depuis une décennie pour le quotidien national Al-Watan, basé au Caire. Depuis ses débuts, Shymaa Adel a connu bien des bouleversements politiques : la révolution de 2011 et la chute d’Hosni Moubarak, la difficile démocratisation qui s’ensuit, l’arrivée au pouvoir en 2012 du premier président démocratiquement élu : Mohamed Morsi, affilié aux Frères musulmans ; puis le coup d’État militaire de juillet 2013, mené par le général Abd El-Fattah Al Sissi. Au milieu de tout ça, pendant de longues années, le travail de Shymaa était tourné vers l’extérieur : les zones de guerre, les conflits, qu’elle a couvert dans tout le monde arabe. Mais depuis 2016, de retour chez elle en Égypte, elle se concentre sur le secteur de la santé. Quand Camille a discuté avec Shymaa, elle a été saisie d’emblée par le contraste entre sa voix, encore très jeune, parfois même hésitante, et les histoires qu’elle lui racontait, qui témoignent d’un courage, d’une détermination hors du commun. C’est l’histoire d’une journaliste qui n’hésite pas à prendre des risques. Et qui a commencé à les prendre très tôt.

When uprisings took place throughout the Middle East and North Africa in 2011, it seemed like Egypt would be the big success story. But in the last few months, civil rights activists say it has become a nightmare. In October, the government more than doubled its pace of executions, putting nearly 60 people to death. In November, Egyptian state security arrested three prominent human rights leaders with the Egyptian Initiative for Personal Rights, or EIPR. Executive director Gasser Abdel-Razek and colleagues Kareem Ennarah and Mohamed Basheer were held on terrorism charges after they met with Western diplomats.Related: Photo essay: Arab uprisings began with quest for freedom“The EIPR is kind of Egypt’s ACLU or the NAACP,” said Ramy Yaacoub, founder and executive director of the Tahrir Institute for Middle East Policy in Washington, DC. “It's that revolutionary and it's that important.”Yaacoub said the arrests hit a raw nerve. It seems like the country is at its lowest point, he said, 10 years after such a hopeful moment during the so-called Arab Spring. A protest movement led by young Egyptians did the unthinkable in February 2011 — deposing military dictator Hosni Mubarak.Related: Egypt social media censorship targets women on TikTok“And I can tell you ... initially there was so much freedom of speech and freedom of expression, assembly, I didn't believe it,” Yaacoub said.  But by April 2011, he remembers thinking that the different revolutionary factions were struggling to work together. “We were successful in creating a political vacuum,” Yaacoub said. “The only people that were around to offer ... a viable option or an alternative were the Muslim Brotherhood and their affiliates. They were prepared and ready.”The Muslim Brotherhood’s Mohamed Morsi was elected president. That was something the Egyptian military would not let stand. Yaacoub said by June 2013, he realized the military was going to win the power struggle.  Related: Egypt's Mubarak, ousted by popular revolt in 2011, dies aged 91“I remember writing on Twitter multiple times then, like, ‘Folks, this is no longer our fight. This is completely out of our hands. Other people are going to take over now, unfortunately,’” he said.Morsi was driven out of power by massive protests. Former military chief Abdul Fattah al-Sisi took over and was elected president in 2014. Then, in a series of new laws and executive orders, Sisi solidified his rule. He restricted due process and the freedom of expression. The military used force to end anti-government demonstrations. Human rights groups say political opponents were detained, tortured and killed. Related: Egyptian artist duo commemorates Tahrir Square revolutionSisi’s government imposed new restrictions on nongovernmental organizations and international charities. Many NGOs were forced to close. “It's been a really steadily escalating campaign of targeting and repression, using lots of different tools, using lots of different laws."Stephen McInerney, executive director, Project on Middle East Democracy“It's been a really steadily escalating campaign of targeting and repression, using lots of different tools, using lots of different laws,” said Stephen McInerney, executive director of the Project on Middle East Democracy, a group that had helped train some activists and protest leaders during the uprising. “And of course there are, you know, very difficult circumstances on the ground for anyone who wants to engage politically.”At this point, he said most democracy activists have fled Egypt. Those remaining have gone underground. McInerney’s organization uses encrypted communications to talk to them. Meanwhile, McInerney said, Western countries have done little to support pro-democracy efforts inside Egypt. “We've been disappointed to see other democratic countries overlook democratic values in order to profit by selling weapons,” he said.Like the US and most recently, France. During a visit with Sisi earlier this month, President Emmanuel Macron said France would continue to sell weapons to Egypt, despite its human rights record. The Trump administration has made the same decision, allowing military assistance to flow. And Donald Trump even called Sisi his “favorite dictator.”At that meeting in France, Sisi dismissed criticisms about human rights. "You cannot present the state of Egypt, with all that it has done for its people and for stability in the region, with it being a dictatorship,” he said. That message of stability still appeals to many Egyptians, and to leaders in the West, said Steven Cook, senior fellow for Middle East and Africa Studies at the Council on Foreign Relations.“European leaders have looked the other way when it comes to human rights violations throughout the region, but particularly in Egypt, because they are concerned about instability in North Africa affecting politics in Europe."Steven Cook, senior fellow, Middle East and Africa Studies, Council on Foreign Relations“European leaders have looked the other way when it comes to human rights violations throughout the region, but particularly in Egypt, because they are concerned about instability in North Africa affecting politics in Europe,” he said. Sisi has also defended his actions by saying they’re necessary to fight terrorism. “One of the things that the Egyptian foreign minister, Sameh Shoukry, has said over and over again is that ‘it's unfair to criticize Egypt because this is human rights as formulated by Egypt's Western critics,’” Cook said. “‘It's really just a form of colonialism.’”But Cook said the recent arrests of prominent human rights activists in Egypt set off an unprecedented international outcry. The UN, the European Union, and members of the EU parliament called for their release. Also, US President-elect Joe Biden’s pick for secretary of state, Anthony Blinken, and celebrities such as Scarlett Johansen.“I think the Egyptians understood after the outcry that they perhaps had gone too far,” Cook said. “But it’s very hard to tell what's going on.”  Earlier this month, the three staffers with the EIPR were abruptly released. But they still face charges. And thousands of other less-famous prisoners remain behind bars. Still, their release gives Ramy Yaacoub of the Tahrir Institute some hope. “Social political change takes time — a long time. And as humans, we want prosperity right now. One hundred years from now it will be a footnote. ... But for us humans living through it, it's a long time.”Ramy Yaacoub, Tahrir Institute for Middle East Policy, Washington, DC“Social political change takes time — a long time. And as humans, we want prosperity right now. One hundred years from now it will be a footnote,” he said. “But for us humans living through it, it's a long time.”

Thousands arrested, injured, killed. The price for a revolution in Egypt was high, but when millions across the country protested for change well, anything was possible, right? Gone was Egypt’s strongman and in his place, an unlikely leader. Mohamed Morsi - the “spare tire” of a political wing of the Muslim Brotherhood - was in.  He was to be a president for all the people. But his meteoric rise and fall proved otherwise. Support the show: https://www.aljazeera.com/podcasts/hindsight/

Turkey and Egypt shared a close relationship dating back centuries, but all that changed in 2013 when Egypt saw its first democratically elected president overthrown in a coup. Turkey, which was a strong supporter of Egypt's fledgling government and its president Mohamed Morsi, condemned the military take over. Since then, mistrust between Ankara and Cairo has only grown. The two countries are on opposing sides of the Libyan conflict and are competing for vast energy reserves in the eastern Mediterranean. How will their rivalry impact the future of the region? Guests: Murat Aslan Assistant Professor at Hasan Kalyoncu University Omar Ashour Associate Professor at Doha Institute for Graduate Studies

The Egyptian Revolution of 2011 meant to oust authoritarian President Mubarak, at which time the armed forces took over until Mohamed Morsi was elected by popular vote in 2012. Why did Morsi last only one year before being removed in a coup-d'etat led by General El-Sisi? Has anything really changed for Egyptians? Ambassador Anne Patterson shares her experience.

Il a le nom d’une légende de la boxe, mais lui prétend se battre contre le régime du président égyptien Abdel Fattah al-Sissi. Mohamed Ali, un entrepreneur du bâtiment désormais en exil en Espagne, s'illustre depuis septembre dernier dans des vidéos où il dénonce la corruption du président égyptien et de ses proches, qui aurait coûté des millions de livres égyptiennes. Il a inspiré malgré lui un mouvement de contestation, tué dans l’œuf. Il entend désormais ranimer la flamme de l’opposition en exil. Le style est décontracté. Le débit, celui d’une mitraillette. Dans un lieu tenu secret à Barcelone, l’entrepreneur et comédien se confie à la caméra, cigarette à la main. Autodidacte au bagou charmeur, Mohamed Ali a fait fortune à la vitesse grand V, surtout après la révolution de 2011. Grâce aux projets de construction menés par l’armée, avec à sa tête Abdelfattah al-Sissi. Au numéro un égyptien, Mohamed Ali réserve un torrent d’accusations. Dans une de ses vidéos, il énumère les propriétés que le raïs et ses proches auraient accumulées aux frais de l’État égyptien. « Une villa à Ma’moura (Alexandrie, NDLR), trois à Marassi (sur la Méditerranée), sans compter celle de Marsa Matrouh (à la frontière avec la Libye) ! Mais tu l’as dit : nous sommes pauvres, il faut se serrer la ceinture ! », hurle-t-il face caméra. Le président égyptien, qui aime se montrer proche du peuple, se sent obligé de répondre. Il précise qu’il s’agissait de constructions au profit de l’État. Mais cela sonne comme un aveu pour les milliers de jeunes qui partagent en masse les vidéos de Mohamed Ali et manifestent les 20 et 21 septembre malgré l’interdiction et la peur. Comment expliquer la popularité soudaine de ce transfuge du système ? « Les gens étaient prêts à entendre quelqu’un parler sincèrement de ces problèmes », estime Amr Darrag, un ancien ministre sous Mohamed Morsi, ex-président issu des Frères musulmans, renversé par l’armée et décédé cette année en prison. « Mohamed Ali apparaît au public égyptien comme quelqu’un qui émane du système, quelqu’un de crédible, bien informé. Et puis il le reconnaît : j’ai été un corrompu, j’ai contribué à ce système. Tout en admettant ses défauts : l’abus d’alcool, les relations extra-conjugales. Autrement dit, il s’est affiché », continue l’ancien ministre lui-même en exil en Turquie. En effet, l’homme d’affaires est grillé auprès de ses anciens associés et ses ex-collaborateurs restés en Égypte ont en partie été appréhendés. La répression s’abat surtout sur les manifestants : 4 000 personnes sont arrêtées d’après les ONG égyptiennes. Mohamed Ali, lui, se dit traqué. Dans des médias de plus en plus contrôlés par le régime, il est accusé pêle-mêle d’être Frère musulman (la confrérie est interdite), drogué ou mû uniquement par le profit. Lui affirme qu’il aurait pu rester en Égypte et continuer de s’enrichir. Mohamed Ali n’a pas de preuve formelle pour étayer ses accusations. Son témoignage met toutefois en lumière l’irruption de l’armée, surtout depuis l’avènement de Sissi dans des secteurs jusqu’ici réservés au secteur privé et où elle dicte désormais les règles. « Les comportements que dénonce Mohamed Ali, on le sait par d’autres sources, sont avérés », confirme Yezid Sayigh, associé principal du Carnegie Middle East Center à Beyrouth, qui documente ces faits depuis des années. Et le chercheur de décrire un système où « des entreprises du secteur privé sont forcées de réduire leurs marges voire travaillent à perte dans des projets initiés par l’armée ». Ces entreprises le font parce qu’elles savent que si elles refusent, elles seront hors-jeu pour les prochains contrats. La plupart du temps, donc, elles acceptent les pertes pour assurer leur avenir, comme l’a fait Mohamed Ali durant des années. « Un fait éclairant, c’est que juste après les premières vidéos, certaines entreprises ont été approchées par l’armée pour être enfin payées. Clairement, la mauvaise publicité a joué », relate l’auteur d’un rapport très remarqué sur la prédation de l’économie par les forces armées. L’entourage du président Sissi s’agite. Mada Masr, un des rares médias libres, est perquisitionné au lendemain de révélations sur les remous causés par les suites de l’affaire Mohamed Ali. Une partie de l’opposition en exil se prend à rêver et approche le tranfuge pour annoncer fin novembre une coalition contre Sissi. « Il s’est donné pour mission de convaincre certains partis d’opposition qu’il était temps de surmonter leurs différences, de s’unir contre Sissi », résume l’ancien ministre Amr Darrag, désormais éloigné des Frères musulmans. Pour autant, Mohamed Ali nie être intéressé par un rôle politique. « Si le président Sissi s’en va, il rentrera pour continuer d’entreprendre et de faire du cinéma », affirme l’ancien ministre, qui est en contact régulier avec lui et soutient la démarche. Pour l’heure, poursuivi pour évasion fiscale en Égypte, Mohamed Ali a vu son passeport annulé. Ses vidéos continuent quant à elles de réunir chaque jour des milliers de vues.

Richard Stengel is the former Under Secretary of State for Public Diplomacy and Public Affairs and former managing editor of Time. He joins David to talk about his collaboration with Nelson Mandela on Mandela’s autobiography, Long Walk to Freedom; his tenure at the helm of Time, during which he interviewed Vladimir Putin, Benjamin Netanyahu, Mohamed Morsi, and Julian Assange; and his efforts in the Obama administration to combat disinformation. His new book, Information Wars: How We Lost the Global Battle Against Disinformation and What We Can Do About It chronicles the global spread of disinformation and offers prescriptions on how to combat this ever-growing threat to democracy.

- Trump et Kim Jong-un : troisième épisode - La « honte de voler » en France - Vente surprise d'un tableau de Toulouse attribué au Caravage - La Belgique livre une famille de Ouïgours aux autorités chinoises - Mort de l'ex-président égyptien Mohamed Morsi

We're joined this week by Dr. Shadi Hamid and Sarah Wildman to discuss the resurgent role of global Islam, the relationship between nationalist populism and Muslims, Sharia law in the Middle East, the role of religion in Western democracies, and the enduring question of how deep religious convictions can align with more lasting expressions of public pluralism   Links from today's episode: Islamic Exceptionalism: How the Struggle Over Islam Is Reshaping the World, Shadi Hamid, 6/6/17 The role of Islam in European populism: How refugee flows and fear of Muslims drive right-wing support, Shadi Hamid, Brookings, 2/19 Islam in Modern American Society, Shadi Hamid's 2018 address at Faith Angle Religious Conflict and the Future of the Middle East - Shadi Hamid's 2014 address at Faith Angle First Person, Foreign Policy podcast hosted by Sarah Wildman, with Shadi Hamid, on Mohamed Morsi and the Passing of Egypt's Democratic Moment, 6/21/19 Left Populism and the Rediscovery of Agonistic Politics, Shadi Hamid, American Affairs, Winter 2018 Making Sense, Sam Harris's podcast, with Shadi Hamid, on Islamism vs. Secularism, 12/5/16  

This week we discuss the death of Egypt's first democratically elected leader Mohamed Morsi to understand the outpouring of emotion towards him and how the Muslim Brotherhood, a significant Islamic group for over 90 years was decimated by participating in the so called Democratic system controlled by US Imperialism. Special Guest: Rashel.

Juma hili lilishuhudia kufariki dunia kwa aliyekuwa rais wa Misri, Mohammed Morsi kiongozi aliyechaguliwa kidemokrasia akiwa mahakamani akiisikiliza kesi yake, huko DRC naibu mwenyekiti wa tume ya uchaguzi Norbert Basengezi alitangaza kujiuzulu, rais wa Marekani Donald Trump aituhumu Iran kwa kudungua ndege yake isiyo na rubani katika anga ya mashariki ya kati.   

On the podcast: Shadi Hamid recounts the quick rise and spectacular fall of Morsi and the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

This week's news includes tensions between Iran and the United States, the death of Mohamed Morsi, the Juneteenth Congressional hearings on reparations, statistics on the global migrant crisis, and much more.

Au programme : la réforme de l'assurance-chômage, la mort de M. Morsi en l'Egypte, le Mali endeuillé, la rue fait pression sur le gouvernement à Hong-Kong

Pictured: Franco Zeffirelli Matthew Bannister on Franco Zeffirelli, the stage and film director known for his opulent designs and flamboyant personality. Gloria Vanderbilt, the heiress who overcame personal tragedy and was the first to market designer jeans. Mohamed Morsi, Egypt's first democratically elected President, who was ousted from office after only a year. Philomena Lynott, who ran a hotel frequented by rock stars and footballers and was the proud Mum of Thin Lizzy lead singer Phil Lynott. Interviewed guest: Rupert Christiansen Interviewed guest: Reverend Richard Coles Interviewed guest: Rosemary Feitelberg Interviewed guest: Dr Hisham Hellyer Interviewed guest: Jackie Hayden Producer: Neil George Archive clips from: Desert Island Discs, Radio 4 07/01/1978; Romeo and Juliet, directed by Franco Zeffirelli, Old Vic 1960; Romeo and Juliet, directed by Franco Zeffirelli, Verona Produzione/ BHE Films /Dino de Laurentiis Cinematografica 1968; The Taming of the Shrew, directed by Franco Zeffirelli, Columbia Pictures, Royal Films International, F.A.I. 1967; Gloria Vanderbilt in Studio Q, Q on CBC 30/07/2012; The Love Boat, ABC 1977; The Risk Business, BBC One 22/04/1981; 2012 CGI Annual Meeting, Clinton Global Initiative; 15/10/2012; Analysis, Radio 4 06/10/2013; Outlook, BBC World Service 24/09/2012.

First, Tommy and Ben talk about the rapidly escalating tensions with Iran, some good news for the protestors in Hong Kong, Mohamed Morsi's death in Egypt, a new Secretary of Defense, a trade war update, why Facebook is still being used for incitement, a 2020 update about Mayor Pete and Tulsi Gabbard, and whether Snapchat filters are the future of government press conferences. Then Avril Haines joins to discuss what it was like going from NSC lawyer to Deputy CIA Director and the legal basis (or lack thereof) for war with Iran.

*)Air strikes kill at least 5 in Syria’s Idlib – SOHR At least five civilians were killed in Syria’s de-escalation zone on Tuesday in addition to dozens of combatants on both sides, according to a war monitor. UN Secretary General Antonio Guterres called on Russia and Turkey, the brokers of the buffer region, to help stabilise Idlib province. The Assad regime’s current offensive on Idlib and Hama has killed at least 230 civilians and displaced 330,000 people, the UN said. *)UN calls for transparent probe into Morsi death The United Nations has called for an investigation into the death of Egypt’s first democratically elected president, Mohamed Morsi. Egypt says the 67-year-old suffered a heart attack during a court hearing on Monday. At a funeral prayer in absentia in Istanbul, Turkey’s President Recep Tayyip Erdogan said he suspects foul play. *)Trump launches 2020 campaign bid in Florida US President Donald Trump has officially launched his campaign for re-election in 2020. At a rally in Orlando, Florida, he said he was the only candidate who can “keep America great”. Trump said the "American Dream" is in peril from illegal immigrants and insisted his Mexico border wall will still go ahead. *)Record 70.8 million people displaced at end of 2018 – UN More than 70 million people were forcibly displaced in 2018 by war, violence or persecution. According to the UNHCR, the majority of people were displaced from Syria, Afghanistan and Myanmar. Turkey has accommodated the largest number of refugees, followed by Pakistan, Uganda and Germany. *)Platini released after 15 hours of questioning And finally, Once one of the most powerful men in football, Michel Platini was held by the police for 15 hours over a World Cup bid. French police released the former UEFA president from custody after questioning. No charges have been brought against Platini, who is being investigated for awarding the 2022 FIFA World Cup to Qatar.

What effect will the passing of Mohamed Morsi, Egypt’s first properly elected president, have on Egypt and the wider Middle East? Andrew Mueller explains.

1- Donald Trump lancia la campagna elettorale e minaccia i migranti..Con una serie di tweet ha promesso di espellere milioni di persone senza documenti ..( Roberto Festa) ..2-Francia. Fermo di polizia per Michel Platini. ..L'ex campione di calcio sarebbe coinvolto nell' attribuzione dei mondiali al Qatar...( Francesco Giorgini) ..3-Facebook lancia ufficialmente Libra, la moneta virtuale...Mark Zuckerberg ha confermato le anticipazioni della vigilia. ( Marco Schiaffino) ..4-Gran Bretagna. Al via il secondo scrutinio per la scelta del successore di Theresa May ..Brexit, tasse e welfare al centro del dibattito dei conservatori. ( Alessandra Puppi) ..5-Egitto: L'Onu ha chiesto un'inchiesta indipendente sulla morte di Mohamed Morsi...l'ex presidente deposto dal Generale al Sisi sarebbe stato maltrattato in carcere e privato di cure adeguate. ..6- Svezia. Eskilstuna centro virtuoso del riutilizzo di materiali di scarto...( Francesca Abruzzese) ..7-Calcio e diritti delle donne nel Brasile di Bolsonaro. ( Chiara Ronzani) ..7- Terre agricole: Tutelare i parchi per espellere gli indigeni dalle loro terre. ..Le ong denunciano la legge annunciata dal governo thailandese. ( Marta Gatti)

durée : 00:10:02 - Les Enjeux internationaux - La mort de l'ex-président égyptien Mohamed Morsi relance le conflit entre les autorités égyptiennes et les partisans des Frères musulmans qui le qualifie désormais de "martyr" de la répression étatique. Mais en Égypte, comme au Moyen-Orient, que reste-t-il des Frères musulmans ?

*)Overthrown Egypt President Morsi ‘dies in court’ Egypt’s state TV said the country’s overthrown President Mohamed Morsi collapsed during a court session and died. He was buried in Cairo in the presence of only family members after their request to bury him in his family cemetery was rejected by Egyptian authorities. Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch called for an independent probe into the death of Egypt’s first and only democratically elected president. *)Triple suicide bombings kill at least 30 in Nigeria At least 30 people were killed in a triple suicide attack in the northeast Nigerian state of Borno. No group has yet claimed responsibility for the attack. Boko Haram and its Daesh splinter have often carried out attacks targeting civilians and the military. Their attacks have claimed hundreds of thousands of lives and displaced millions of people. *)Tensions rise as Iran speeds up enrichment, US sends troops The United States ratcheted up pressure on Iran, announcing the deployment of 1,000 additional troops to the Middle East. Washington also produced new photographs it said showed Tehran was behind the attacks on two oil tankers last week. The twin move came as Iran set a 10-day countdown for world powers to fulfill their commitments for a nuclear deal abandoned by the US. *)Hong Kong protests fade as activists mull next steps Hong Kong’s government headquarters reopened as the number of protesters gathered dropped to a few dozen. The demonstrations persisted into early Tuesday, but most of the protesters had gone home by midmorning. Chief Executive Carrie Lam suspended work on the extradition bill that ignited the protests but still faces calls to resign for having sought to push for the legislation. And finally, *)'Hunger Games’ prequel book and film planned A new “Hunger Games” novel set decades before the original best-selling trilogy will be published next year. Its publisher said plans for an accompanying film was already underway. The original books told the story of Katniss Everdeen, a teenage heroine forced by the realm’s leaders to participate in a reality TV-style fight to the death.

Mohamed Morsi morreu nesta segunda-feira (17), no Cairo, enquanto depunha em um tribunal. Primeiro presidente eleito de forma livre no Egito, em 2012, depois da Primavera Árabe de 2011, ele havia sido deposto e preso em 2013. Morsi estava na cadeia desde então e era ligado ao grupo fundamentalista Irmandade Muçulmana. Entenda neste episódio do “Durma com essa” o que mudou no mundo árabe de sua chegada ao poder até sua prisão e morte.

1-Egitto, muore in tribunale Mohamed Morsi, il primo e unico presidente eletto democraticamente...Dopo solo un anno, nel 2013, deposto da un golpe militare guidato dal generale Al Sisi ..2-Algeria, la rivolta contro il regime entra nel suo quinto mese. ..Molte conquiste ma la strada è ancora lunga per il movimento che chiede un paese migliore...3-Germania. Svolta nell'inchiesta sull'assassinio di Walter Luebcke l'esponente della Cdu diventato famoso per le sue battaglie pro migranti. Fermato un uomo legato ai movimenti filonazisti. ( Flavia Mosca Goretta) ..4-Stati uniti. Congelato da dieci anni il minimo salariale a livello federale..( Roberto Festa) ..5-Facebook avrà la sua moneta virtuale . Un ‘altra operazione per raccogliere i dati degli utenti?..( Francesca Abruzzese) ..6-Mondiali femminili 2019. La storia di Christiane Endler portiere e capitano del Cile. ..7- Serie Tv. Al via la seconda stagione di Big Little Lies. ( Alice Cucchetti)

1- Donald Trump lancia la campagna elettorale e minaccia i migranti..Con una serie di tweet ha promesso di espellere milioni di persone senza documenti ..( Roberto Festa) ..2-Francia. Fermo di polizia per Michel Platini. ..L’ex campione di calcio sarebbe coinvolto nell’ attribuzione dei mondiali al Qatar...( Francesco Giorgini) ..3-Facebook lancia ufficialmente Libra, la moneta virtuale...Mark Zuckerberg ha confermato le anticipazioni della vigilia. ( Marco Schiaffino) ..4-Gran Bretagna. Al via il secondo scrutinio per la scelta del successore di Theresa May ..Brexit, tasse e welfare al centro del dibattito dei conservatori. ( Alessandra Puppi) ..5-Egitto: L’Onu ha chiesto un’inchiesta indipendente sulla morte di Mohamed Morsi...l’ex presidente deposto dal Generale al Sisi sarebbe stato maltrattato in carcere e privato di cure adeguate. ..6- Svezia. Eskilstuna centro virtuoso del riutilizzo di materiali di scarto...( Francesca Abruzzese) ..7-Calcio e diritti delle donne nel Brasile di Bolsonaro. ( Chiara Ronzani) ..7- Terre agricole: Tutelare i parchi per espellere gli indigeni dalle loro terre. ..Le ong denunciano la legge annunciata dal governo thailandese. ( Marta Gatti)

Rick Noack explains why tensions between the U.S. and Iran have reached new heights. Science reporter Sarah Kaplan on an expedition to the Arctic. And Kareem Fahim on the death of Mohamed Morsi, Egypt’s first democratically elected president.Get unlimited access to The Washington Post’s website and apps for less than $1 a week. Go to PostReports.com/offer to access a special offer for podcast listeners.

Vlak na een zitting in de rechtbank is de Egyptische oud-president Mohamed Morsi overleden. Correspondent Eduard Cousin vanuit Caïro.

1- Donald Trump lancia la campagna elettorale e minaccia i migranti..Con una serie di tweet ha promesso di espellere milioni di persone senza documenti ..( Roberto Festa) ..2-Francia. Fermo di polizia per Michel Platini. ..L’ex campione di calcio sarebbe coinvolto nell’ attribuzione dei mondiali al Qatar...( Francesco Giorgini) ..3-Facebook lancia ufficialmente Libra, la moneta virtuale...Mark Zuckerberg ha confermato le anticipazioni della vigilia. ( Marco Schiaffino) ..4-Gran Bretagna. Al via il secondo scrutinio per la scelta del successore di Theresa May ..Brexit, tasse e welfare al centro del dibattito dei conservatori. ( Alessandra Puppi) ..5-Egitto: L’Onu ha chiesto un’inchiesta indipendente sulla morte di Mohamed Morsi...l’ex presidente deposto dal Generale al Sisi sarebbe stato maltrattato in carcere e privato di cure adeguate. ..6- Svezia. Eskilstuna centro virtuoso del riutilizzo di materiali di scarto...( Francesca Abruzzese) ..7-Calcio e diritti delle donne nel Brasile di Bolsonaro. ( Chiara Ronzani) ..7- Terre agricole: Tutelare i parchi per espellere gli indigeni dalle loro terre. ..Le ong denunciano la legge annunciata dal governo thailandese. ( Marta Gatti)

Mohamed Morsi morreu nesta segunda-feira (17), no Cairo, enquanto depunha em um tribunal. Primeiro presidente eleito de forma livre no Egito, em 2012,  depois da Primavera Árabe de 2011, ele havia sido deposto e preso em 2013. Morsi estava na cadeia desde então e era ligado ao grupo fundamentalista Irmandade Muçulmana. Entenda neste episódio do “Durma com essa” o que mudou no mundo árabe de sua chegada ao poder até sua prisão e morte.

1-Egitto, muore in tribunale Mohamed Morsi, il primo e unico presidente eletto democraticamente...Dopo solo un anno, nel 2013, deposto da un golpe militare guidato dal generale Al Sisi ..2-Algeria, la rivolta contro il regime entra nel suo quinto mese. ..Molte conquiste ma la strada è ancora lunga per il movimento che chiede un paese migliore...3-Germania. Svolta nell’inchiesta sull’assassinio di Walter Luebcke l’esponente della Cdu diventato famoso per le sue battaglie pro migranti. Fermato un uomo legato ai movimenti filonazisti. ( Flavia Mosca Goretta) ..4-Stati uniti. Congelato da dieci anni il minimo salariale a livello federale..( Roberto Festa) ..5-Facebook avrà la sua moneta virtuale . Un ‘altra operazione per raccogliere i dati degli utenti?..( Francesca Abruzzese) ..6-Mondiali femminili 2019. La storia di Christiane Endler portiere e capitano del Cile. ..7- Serie Tv. Al via la seconda stagione di Big Little Lies. ( Alice Cucchetti)

1-Egitto, muore in tribunale Mohamed Morsi, il primo e unico presidente eletto democraticamente...Dopo solo un anno, nel 2013, deposto da un golpe militare guidato dal generale Al Sisi ..2-Algeria, la rivolta contro il regime entra nel suo quinto mese. ..Molte conquiste ma la strada è ancora lunga per il movimento che chiede un paese migliore...3-Germania. Svolta nell’inchiesta sull’assassinio di Walter Luebcke l’esponente della Cdu diventato famoso per le sue battaglie pro migranti. Fermato un uomo legato ai movimenti filonazisti. ( Flavia Mosca Goretta) ..4-Stati uniti. Congelato da dieci anni il minimo salariale a livello federale..( Roberto Festa) ..5-Facebook avrà la sua moneta virtuale . Un ‘altra operazione per raccogliere i dati degli utenti?..( Francesca Abruzzese) ..6-Mondiali femminili 2019. La storia di Christiane Endler portiere e capitano del Cile. ..7- Serie Tv. Al via la seconda stagione di Big Little Lies. ( Alice Cucchetti)

Tuesday, April 16, 2019 Notre Dame cathedral burns, and Israeli scientists print a 3D heart. This is TRT World’s Daily News Brief for Tuesday day, April 16th. Notre Dame burns A fire at the Notre Dame cathedral in Paris has destroyed parts of the iconic structure. It broke out Monday and destroyed much of the church's 13th-century roof. Its landmark spire fell. Firefighters brought the blaze under control after eight-and-a-half hours. The French government says it will be rebuilt. AU calls for civilian government in Sudan The 55-member African Union is threatening to suspend Sudan from the body if the military does not hand power to a civilian government within 15 days. Protesters are still camping outside the defence ministry and are demanding an end to military rule. The army ousted long-time president Omar al Bashir in a coup last Thursday. Egypt's parliament to increase the president's power Egypt's parliament is set to vote on constitutional changes on Tuesday that could strengthen the presidency. Supporters say the changes will allow the president to finalise economic reforms and major development projects. Critics argue they will entrench authoritarian rule and further empower Egypt’s military. President Abdel Fattah el Sisi came to power in 2013 in a military coup, when he ousted and jailed Egypt's democratically elected Mohamed Morsi. Parliament is expected to pass the changes. The public will then vote on them in a referendum. Israeli researchers print 3D heart Israeli researchers have printed the world's first 3D heart with blood vessels. The 'prints' are only about the size of a rabbit's heart. The scientists from Tel Aviv University say hearts suitable for human transplant are still a long way off. Tour of Turkey cycles out of Istanbul And finally, The Tour of Turkey gets underway today, with the first leg cycling out of Istanbul, 157 kilometres west to Tekirdag on the Marmara Sea coast. The 6-day 1,000-kilometre event is part of the UCI World Tour. This year 119 riders in 17 teams are competing. The event crosses from Europe into Asia then ends back in Istanbul on Sunday. And that’s your daily news brief from TRT World... For more, head to TRTWorld.com.

1-Siria. La Russia allarga il raggio di intervento. Dopo Aleppo lancia una grossa operazione su molte altre zone controllate dai ribelli. ( Emanuele Valenti) ..2-Trump non si smentisce. Ha scelto come principale consigliere Stephen Bannon ..accusato di razzismo e antisemitismo. ( Roberto Festa ) ..3-Migranti e populismi: l'Unione Europea non ha molto da insegnare al nuovo presidente degli Usa. L'editoriale di Alessandro Principe. ..4-Turchia: l'accanimento del Presidente Erdogan contro la scuola. Sospesi o rimossi 30 mila ..insegnanti. Licenziato nella notte il rettore della più prestigiosa università del paese. ..( Serena Tarabini) ..5-Egitto: la corte di cassazione del Cairo ha annullato la condanna a morte dell'ex presidente deposto Mohamed Morsi. ..6-Cernobyl: al via lo spostamento del nuovo sarcofago sul reattore numero 4. .. L'intervista di Esteri

1-Siria. La Russia allarga il raggio di intervento. Dopo Aleppo lancia una grossa operazione su molte altre zone controllate dai ribelli. ( Emanuele Valenti) ..2-Trump non si smentisce. Ha scelto come principale consigliere Stephen Bannon ..accusato di razzismo e antisemitismo. ( Roberto Festa ) ..3-Migranti e populismi: l'Unione Europea non ha molto da insegnare al nuovo presidente degli Usa. L'editoriale di Alessandro Principe. ..4-Turchia: l'accanimento del Presidente Erdogan contro la scuola. Sospesi o rimossi 30 mila ..insegnanti. Licenziato nella notte il rettore della più prestigiosa università del paese. ..( Serena Tarabini) ..5-Egitto: la corte di cassazione del Cairo ha annullato la condanna a morte dell'ex presidente deposto Mohamed Morsi. ..6-Cernobyl: al via lo spostamento del nuovo sarcofago sul reattore numero 4. .. L'intervista di Esteri

1-Siria. La Russia allarga il raggio di intervento. Dopo Aleppo lancia una grossa operazione su molte altre zone controllate dai ribelli. ( Emanuele Valenti) ..2-Trump non si smentisce. Ha scelto come principale consigliere Stephen Bannon ..accusato di razzismo e antisemitismo. ( Roberto Festa ) ..3-Migranti e populismi: l'Unione Europea non ha molto da insegnare al nuovo presidente degli Usa. L'editoriale di Alessandro Principe. ..4-Turchia: l'accanimento del Presidente Erdogan contro la scuola. Sospesi o rimossi 30 mila ..insegnanti. Licenziato nella notte il rettore della più prestigiosa università del paese. ..( Serena Tarabini) ..5-Egitto: la corte di cassazione del Cairo ha annullato la condanna a morte dell'ex presidente deposto Mohamed Morsi. ..6-Cernobyl: al via lo spostamento del nuovo sarcofago sul reattore numero 4. .. L'intervista di Esteri

In August of 2013, while in Egypt, 25-year-old Fatima Halawa was arrested along with two of her sisters and their brother, Ibrahim. They were detained during unrest after the military removed from power President Mohamed Morsi of the Muslim Brotherhood. Fatima and her sisters spent three months in prison. Ibrahim is still in prison.

Listen to this special edition of the Pan-African Journal hosted by Abayomi Azikiwe, editor of the Pan-African News Wire. Our regular PANW reports will examine the ongoing imperialist interference in the affairs of the African continent where African Union Chairperson Zimbabwe President Robert Mugabe was disinvited to a African Development Bank gathering in Ivory Coast due to the subservience of that neo-colonial state to the French government which installed the current regime in Abidjan. Also the Palestinians are demonstrating against the deaths of a father and child at the hands of Israeli settlers; the Egyptian ousted President Mohamed Morsi is refusing food in prison because he suspects his life is in danger; and demonstrators took to the streets in Ferguson, Missouri in commemoration of the first anniversary of the police killing of 18-year-old Michael Brown. During the second and third hour we continue our month-long acknowledgement of Black August in honor of those who have resisted racism, colonialism and neo-colonialism within the African world. In this segment further focus is placed on the 50th anniversary of the signing of the Voting Rights Act in the United States.

On this day in 2013, General Abdel Fattah el-Sisi, then Egypt's defense minister, declared the elected government of Mohamed Morsi deposed. The historically dominant Egyptian military was back in power. Egypt under Sisi has been characterized by severe repression and unrest. Subscribe and follow @importantcool, @BenjaminNorton, @elmasry_mohamad, @FreeIbrahim95, @kelo3adi, and @austingmackell for more.

President Vladimir Putin said Russia will expand its nuclear arsenal this year. http://www.infobitt.com/b/13086 The New York Times profiles a young transgender woman, Katherine Boone, who had gender reassignment surgery at age 18. http://www.infobitt.com/b/13088 Artificial trans fat will be removed from the U.S. food supply over the next three years due to a ruling by regulators that the products pose health risks that contribute to heart disease. http://www.infobitt.com/b/13065 The United States Women's National Team defeated Nigeria 1-0 on Abby Wambach's goal to win Group D and move on to the Round of 16 at the Women's World Cup. http://www.infobitt.com/b/13089 Donald Trump announced that he will be running for President in 2016 as a Republican. http://www.infobitt.com/b/13064 President Obama will no longer abide by the spending limits he agreed to 4 years ago. http://www.infobitt.com/b/13078 An Egyptian court upheld a death sentence against former president Mohamed Morsi for plotting jailbreaks and attacks on police during the 2011 uprising. http://www.infobitt.com/b/13054 The average American woman now weighs as much as the average American man weighed in 1960. http://www.infobitt.com/b/13057 The United States and Britain have announced, during a U.K. visit by Michelle Obama, a partnership to promote the education of adolescent girls in countries affected by conflict and crisis. http://www.infobitt.com/b/13060 The escaped convicted killers' trail has gone cold. http://www.infobitt.com/b/13067 http://infobitt.com http://www.facebook.com/groups/infobitt http://twitter.com/infobitt

Speaker: Stéphane Lacroix, Sciences Po Chair: Toby Dodge, LSE On 3 July 2013, Mohamed Morsi, a member of the Muslim Brotherhood’s guidance bureau and the first democratically elected president of Egypt, was overthrown by a military coup led by General Abdelfattah al-Sisi. Since then, the Muslim Brotherhood has been designated a terrorist organization and brutally repressed. In contrast, the Salafi al-Nour party, the political arm of the "Salafi Call" (al-da'wa al-salafiyya), has supported Morsi’s overthrow, taken part in the writing of a new constitution and supported General Sisi in the May 2014 presidential elections. How can we account for al-Nour’s political strategy? What role does the party play in the emerging power structure in Egypt? And what does this tell us about al-Nour’s political identity? Recorded on 26 May 2015.

El periodista canadiense Mohamed Fahmy, quien trabajaba para la red Aljazeera cuando fue detenido en El Cairo, Egipto, acusado de ayudar al terrorismo, manifestó esta semana sus temores de no conseguir su libertad definitiva. Fahmy fue detenido junto a los periodistas Peter Greste y Baher Mohamed en diciembre de 2013 mientras cubrían las manifestaciones que estallaron tras la caída del presidente islamista Mohamed Morsi, derrocado por los militares egipcios.

This week's interview features part two of a conversation with , a Middle East expert and fellow in Foreign Policy at Brookings. Hamid discusses the perception that Islam and democracy are incompatible. Plus, he goes into more detail about what to expect from Egypt's President Sisi, and why it's a cop-out for Americans to look at Middle East violence and say that there's nothing we can do about it because the hatreds are so ancient and deep seated. (In , Hamid talked about meeting Muslim Brotherhood leaders, including Mohamed Morsi before he became Egypt's first democratically-elected president, about the power of social media, and about why Islamists are willing, literally, to die for their cause.) Hamid is the author of the new book, . Also in this episode: a new segment, "Out of the Archives," where we find research from the last century of Brookings history that touches on how we see the world today. During a week in which we observe the 45th anniversary of the Apollo 11 moon landing, we take a look at . Show Notes: •  (part one of podcast)• , by Shadi Hamid (Oxford University Press, 2014)• , by Shadi Hamid• "" (registration required)• "," report by Shadi Hamid•  Have a question or comment about this podcast, or a question for a scholar? Send it to  and we may address it in an upcoming episode.

This week's interview features part one of a conversation with , a Middle East expert and fellow in Foreign Policy at Brookings. In it, Hamid talks about Islamists and democracy, especially in Egypt. He also talks about meeting Mohamed Morsi before he became Egypt's first democratically-elected president, why the Muslim Brotherhood was cautious about attaining power, and why Islamists are willing, literally, to die for their cause. Part two of the conversation . Hamid is the author of the new book, . Also in this episode: a new segment focusing on what's happening in Congress. You've probably heard or seen the headlines about House Speaker John Boehner's proposed lawsuit against President Obama. Will this maneuver succeed or backfire? Governance Studies Fellow  offers some answers. Show Notes: • , by Shadi Hamid (Oxford University Press, 2014)• "" (registration required)• "," report by Shadi Hamid• •  Have a question or comment about this podcast, or a question for a scholar? Send it to  and we may address it in an upcoming episode.

Students from the 2013 DukeEngage Egypt program share their thoughts on democracy, Mohamed Morsi, and their summer in Cairo.

Global Talks: Today we are debating John Kerry has evidence that sarin gas was used in the chemical attack in Damascus the week before; militants attack a Cosco ship at the Suez Canal as Mohamed Morsi is to go on trial in December; the two front-runners to be the next German chancellor go head-to-head in a televised debate and much much more.

The Egyptian authorities are drafting a new constitution that would ban religious-based political parties. It's prompted a furious reaction from those who support the deposed President, Mohamed Morsi. They say it will incite "chaos" within Egypt and opens the door to "the system which produced pharaohs". Hardtalk speaks to the country's former foreign minister and former head of the Arab League, Amr Moussa. He supports the new military-backed government but does he trust it to bring true democracy to Egypt?Picture: Amr Moussa, Credit: Khaled Desouki/AFP/Getty

Will the Egyptian army move in to break up the camp in Cairo set up by supporters of the ousted president, Mohamed Morsi? Caroline Wyatt has been meeting residents of a city which is bitterly divided. Christians are leaving Syria in their thousands. Diana Darke's been learning that they're being greeted with enthusiasm in neighbouring Turkey. Jonathan Head says there's been a conciliatory mood in Burma as people gathered this week to mark the anniversary of an uprising which launched the country's pro-democracy movement. There are some in Gibraltar who feel the British government's not doing enough for them - Tom Burridge is on the Rock as the latest chapter in a 300-year-old row unfolds and the BBC's new man in Australia, Jon Donnison, explains why he's finding it hard coming to terms with the sheer size of his new patch. From Our Own Correspondent is produced by Tony Grant

The political standoff in Egypt remains in the balance. Thousands of supporters of ousted President Mohamed Morsi, remain camped-out in Cairo. The interim government wants them removed but more bloodshed could follow if the troops move in. Hardtalk speaks to Egypt's new Foreign Minister, Nabil Fahmy. He is part of a government which many of his compatriots view as illegitimate. So will they bring democracy to Egypt as promised or will the streets of Cairo once again become a battlefield?(Image: Egypt's newly appointed Foreign Minister, Nabil Fahmy. Credit: AFP/Getty Images)

While it may seem cliche, I am very thankful that I live in a country where we can worship God freely and openly without infringement.  As of today anyway. Just because it is that way now, it doesn't mean it will always be that way if we do not guard it carefully.  There is a huge force to minimize (( Hallowell, Billy. "NYC Teacher Claims She was Harassed, Then Fired Over Her Christian Faith." The Blaze. 23 May 2011.  Accessed 3 July 2013  )), to trivialize ((Unruh, Bob. "College Defends Prof Who Mocked Christians." WD. 23 January 2010. Accessed 3 July 2013.   )),and even to criminalize (( Klukowski, Ken. "Pentagon May Court Martial Soldiers Who Share Christian Faith." Brietbart. 1 May 2013. Accessed 3 July 2013.   ))  Bible believing Christians.  We are the new group that is on the government "watch lists." (( Starnes, Todd. "Us Army Labeled Evangelicals, Catholics as Examples of Religious Extremism." Fox Nation. 5 April 2013. Accessed 3 July 2013. ))   People are being penalized ((  Harthorne, Michael. "Video Shows men attacking religious protesters at Pridefest." Komo News.  3 July 2013.  Accessed 3 July 2013.   ))  for standing firm for their faith. It is also significant that the day we are celebrating our independence, the citizens of Egypt are fighting for theirs in an uprising against Morsi and his Islamist Muslim Brotherhood regime. (( Kingsley, Patrick. Chulov, Martin. "Mohamed Morsi ousted in Egypt's second revolution in two years." The Guardian. 3 July 2013.  Accessed 3 July 2013.  ))  One where sharia law (( Brown, Ed. "Morsi's New Egyptian Sharia Law Constitution Jails and Abuses Christians." DC Xposed. 20 January 2013. Accessed 3 July 2013.   )) is the law of the land, Christians are being shot within their churches (( CFI Field Staff.  "Coptic Church in Egypt Burned by Muslim Crowd."  Christian Freedom International.  7 October 2011.  Accessed 3 July 2012.   )) (( "6 Coptic Christians in Egypt Shot Dead as They Left Christmas Mass."  Assyrian International News Agency.  7 January 2010.  Accessed 3 July 2013.  )) (( Laessing, Ulf. "New clashes erupt between Coptic Christians, Muslims in Cairo." Reuters. The Christian Science Monitor.  7 April 2013.  Accessed 3 July 2013. )) (( Hennessy-Fiske, Molly, Hassan, Amro. "Egypt: Shooting, clashes at Coptic Christian sit-in injure at least 60."  Los Angeles Times 15 May 2011. Accessed 3 July 2013.   )) , and women are treated as chattel (( Ibrahim, Raymond.  "Egypt's Sex-Slave Marriage."  The Gatestone Institute International Policy Council.  5 July 2012.  Accessed 3 July 2012.   )) . We are not immune to despotism.  We are not so sophisticated and evolved that what is happening in other countr...

Egypt is bracing for increased violence between massive crowds for and against Mohamed Morsi, the President elected just one year ago.

In the 1st Bugle of 2013 the US going cliff diving, the Germans get angry, Mohamed Morsi gets dissed and 'Old Crownhead' gives her annual speech. See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

Almost two years after the revolution that toppled Hosni Mubarak in Egypt, Cairo's Tahrir Square is once again the scene of angry demonstrations. This time, however, the object of protestors' anger is Mohamed Morsi, an elected president and leader of the Muslim Brotherhood, whose proposed reforms of presidential powers have sparked accusations that he is setting up a new dictatorship. Heba Saleh, Cairo correspondent, and Roula Khalaf, Middle East editor, join Gideon Rachman to discuss what's next for Egypt. See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

H.E. Ambassador Mohamed M. Tawfik at NCUSAR's 2012 Arab-U.S. Policymakers Conference. Visit www.ncusar.org to learn more.

Egypt’s new Islamist president Mohamed Morsi has sacked the country’s top two military leaders in a bid to regain some of the power seized by the military in June’s presidential elections. Fiona Symon asked Heba Saleh, FT correspondent in Cairo, about whether the military has now been dislodged from its leading role in shaping the country's political transition. See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

Stephen Sackur talks to Gehad El-Haddad, an adviser to the Muslim Brotherhood's Freedom and Justice Party.Mohamed Morsi has made history by becoming Egypt's first freely-elected president, but how much power has he won? The image of tens of thousands of Muslim Brotherhood supporters savouring victory in Tahrir Square can't disguise the fact that Egypt is still governed by a military clique. With Parliament dissolved, no new constitution written and the generals ringfencing their powers, has Egypt's revolution run out of road?(Image: Gehad El-Haddad)