Podcast appearances and mentions of Marshall Islands

U.S. imperialism has produced migration, sometimes to places you wouldn't expect. According to Emily Mitchell-Eaton, the Marshall Islands and Arkansas are both central to the workings of empire. The perceptions of longtime residents of demographically transformed cities like Springdale, Arkansas reflect geographical imaginaries that occlude the fact of U.S. empire. Emily Mitchell-Eaton, New Destinations of Empire: Mobilities, Racial Geographies, and Citizenship in the Transpacific United States University of Georgia Press, 2024 The post Imperial Migration appeared first on KPFA.

Last time we spoke about the surrender of Japan. Emperor Hirohito announced the surrender on August 15, prompting mixed public reactions: grief, shock, and sympathy for the Emperor, tempered by fear of hardship and occupation. The government's response included resignations and suicide as new leadership was brought in under Prime Minister Higashikuni, with Mamoru Shigemitsu as Foreign Minister and Kawabe Torashiro heading a delegation to Manila. General MacArthur directed the occupation plan, “Blacklist,” prioritizing rapid, phased entry into key Japanese areas and Korea, while demobilizing enemy forces. The surrender ceremony occurred aboard the Missouri in Tokyo Bay on September 2, with Wainwright, Percival, Nimitz, and UN representatives in attendance. Civilians and soldiers across Asia began surrendering, and postwar rehabilitation, Indochina and Vietnam's independence movements, and Southeast Asian transitions rapidly unfolded as Allied forces established control. This episode is the Aftermath of the Pacific War Welcome to the Pacific War Podcast Week by Week, I am your dutiful host Craig Watson. But, before we start I want to also remind you this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Perhaps you want to learn more about world war two? Kings and Generals have an assortment of episodes on world war two and much more  so go give them a look over on Youtube. So please subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry for some more history related content, over on my channel, the Pacific War Channel you can find a few videos all the way from the Opium Wars of the 1800's until the end of the Pacific War in 1945.  The Pacific War has ended. Peace has been restored by the Allies and most of the places conquered by the Japanese Empire have been liberated. In this post-war period, new challenges would be faced for those who won the war; and from the ashes of an empire, a defeated nation was also seeking to rebuild. As the Japanese demobilized their armed forces, many young boys were set to return to their homeland, even if they had previously thought that they wouldn't survive the ordeal. And yet, there were some cases of isolated men that would continue to fight for decades even, unaware that the war had already ended.  As we last saw, after the Japanese surrender, General MacArthur's forces began the occupation of the Japanese home islands, while their overseas empire was being dismantled by the Allies. To handle civil administration, MacArthur established the Military Government Section, commanded by Brigadier-General William Crist, staffed by hundreds of US experts trained in civil governance who were reassigned from Okinawa and the Philippines. As the occupation began, Americans dispatched tactical units and Military Government Teams to each prefecture to ensure that policies were faithfully carried out. By mid-September, General Eichelberger's 8th Army had taken over the Tokyo Bay region and began deploying to occupy Hokkaido and the northern half of Honshu. Then General Krueger's 6th Army arrived in late September, taking southern Honshu and Shikoku, with its base in Kyoto. In December, 6th Army was relieved of its occupation duties; in January 1946, it was deactivated, leaving the 8th Army as the main garrison force. By late 1945, about 430,000 American soldiers were garrisoned across Japan. President Truman approved inviting Allied involvement on American terms, with occupation armies integrated into a US command structure. Yet with the Chinese civil war and Russia's reluctance to place its forces under MacArthur's control, only Australia, Britain, India, and New Zealand sent brigades, more than 40,000 troops in southwestern Japan. Japanese troops were gradually disarmed by order of their own commanders, so the stigma of surrender would be less keenly felt by the individual soldier. In the homeland, about 1.5 million men were discharged and returned home by the end of August. Demobilization overseas, however, proceeded, not quickly, but as a long, difficult process of repatriation. In compliance with General Order No. 1, the Japanese Imperial General Headquarters disbanded on September 13 and was superseded by the Japanese War Department to manage demobilization. By November 1, the homeland had demobilized 2,228,761 personnel, roughly 97% of the Homeland Army. Yet some 6,413,215 men remained to be repatriated from overseas. On December 1, the Japanese War Ministry dissolved, and the First Demobilization Ministry took its place. The Second Demobilization Ministry was established to handle IJN demobilization, with 1,299,868 sailors, 81% of the Navy, demobilized by December 17. Japanese warships and merchant ships had their weapons rendered inoperative, and suicide craft were destroyed. Forty percent of naval vessels were allocated to evacuations in the Philippines, and 60% to evacuations of other Pacific islands. This effort eventually repatriated about 823,984 men to Japan by February 15, 1946. As repatriation accelerated, by October 15 only 1,909,401 men remained to be repatriated, most of them in the Soviet Union. Meanwhile, the Higashikuni Cabinet and Foreign Minister Shigemitsu Mamoru managed to persuade MacArthur not to impose direct military rule or martial law over all of Japan. Instead, the occupation would be indirect, guided by the Japanese government under the Emperor's direction. An early decision to feed occupation forces from American supplies, and to allow the Japanese to use their own limited food stores, helped ease a core fear: that Imperial forces would impose forced deliveries on the people they conquered. On September 17, MacArthur transferred his headquarters from Yokohama to Tokyo, setting up primary offices on the sixth floor of the Dai-Ichi Mutual Life Insurance Building, an imposing edifice overlooking the moat and the Imperial palace grounds in Hibiya, a symbolic heart of the nation.  While the average soldier did not fit the rapacious image of wartime Japanese propagandists, occupation personnel often behaved like neo-colonial overlords. The conquerors claimed privileges unimaginable to most Japanese. Entire trains and train compartments, fitted with dining cars, were set aside for the exclusive use of occupation forces. These silenced, half-empty trains sped past crowded platforms, provoking ire as Japanese passengers were forced to enter and exit packed cars through punched-out windows, or perch on carriage roofs, couplings, and running boards, often with tragic consequences. The luxury express coaches became irresistible targets for anonymous stone-throwers. During the war, retrenchment measures had closed restaurants, cabarets, beer halls, geisha houses, and theatres in Tokyo and other large cities. Now, a vast leisure industry sprang up to cater to the needs of the foreign occupants. Reopened restaurants and theatres, along with train stations, buses, and streetcars, were sometimes kept off limits to Allied personnel, partly for security, partly to avoid burdening Japanese resources, but a costly service infrastructure was built to the occupiers' specifications. Facilities reserved for occupation troops bore large signs reading “Japanese Keep Out” or “For Allied Personnel Only.” In downtown Tokyo, important public buildings requisitioned for occupation use had separate entrances for Americans and Japanese. The effect? A subtle but clear colour bar between the predominantly white conquerors and the conquered “Asiatic” Japanese. Although MacArthur was ready to work through the Japanese government, he lacked the organizational infrastructure to administer a nation of 74 million. Consequently, on October 2, MacArthur dissolved the Military Government Section and inaugurated General Headquarters, Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers, a separate headquarters focused on civil affairs and operating in tandem with the Army high command. SCAP immediately assumed responsibility for administering the Japanese home islands. It commandeered every large building not burned down to house thousands of civilians and requisitioned vast tracts of prime real estate to quarter several hundred thousand troops in the Tokyo–Yokohama area alone. Amidst the rise of American privilege, entire buildings were refurbished as officers' clubs, replete with slot machines and gambling parlours installed at occupation expense. The Stars and Stripes were hoisted over Tokyo, while the display of the Rising Sun was banned; and the downtown area, known as “Little America,” was transformed into a US enclave. The enclave mentality of this cocooned existence was reinforced by the arrival within the first six months of roughly 700 American families. At the peak of the occupation, about 14,800 families employed some 25,000 Japanese servants to ease the “rigours” of overseas duty. Even enlisted men in the sparse quonset-hut towns around the city lived like kings compared with ordinary Japanese. Japanese workers cleaned barracks, did kitchen chores, and handled other base duties. The lowest private earned a 25% hardship bonus until these special allotments were discontinued in 1949. Most military families quickly adjusted to a pampered lifestyle that went beyond maids and “boys,” including cooks, laundresses, babysitters, gardeners, and masseuses. Perks included spacious quarters with swimming pools, central heating, hot running water, and modern plumbing. Two observers compared GHQ to the British Raj at its height. George F. Kennan, head of the State Department's Policy Planning Staff, warned during his 1948 mission to Japan that Americans had monopolized “everything that smacks of comfort or elegance or luxury,” criticizing what he called the “American brand of philistinism” and the “monumental imperviousness” of MacArthur's staff to the Japanese suffering. This conqueror's mentality also showed in the bullying attitudes many top occupation officials displayed toward the Japanese with whom they dealt. Major Faubion Bowers, MacArthur's military secretary, later said, “I and nearly all the occupation people I knew were extremely conceited and extremely arrogant and used our power every inch of the way.” Initially, there were spasms of defiance against the occupation forces, such as anonymous stone-throwing, while armed robbery and minor assaults against occupation personnel were rife in the weeks and months after capitulation. Yet active resistance was neither widespread nor organized. The Americans successfully completed their initial deployment without violence, an astonishing feat given a heavily armed and vastly superior enemy operating on home terrain. The average citizen regarded the occupation as akin to force majeure, the unfortunate but inevitable aftermath of a natural calamity. Japan lay prostrate. Industrial output had fallen to about 10% of pre-war levels, and as late as 1946, more than 13 million remained unemployed. Nearly 40% of Japan's urban areas had been turned to rubble, and some 9 million people were homeless. The war-displaced, many of them orphans, slept in doorways and hallways, in bombed-out ruins, dugouts and packing crates, under bridges or on pavements, and crowded the hallways of train and subway stations. As winter 1945 descended, with food, fuel, and clothing scarce, people froze to death. Bonfires lit the streets to ward off the chill. "The only warm hands I have shaken thus far in Japan belonged to Americans," Mark Gayn noted in December 1945. "The Japanese do not have much of a chance to thaw out, and their hands are cold and red." Unable to afford shoes, many wore straw sandals; those with geta felt themselves privileged. The sight of a man wearing a woman's high-buttoned shoes in winter epitomized the daily struggle to stay dry and warm. Shantytowns built of scrap wood, rusted metal, and scavenged odds and ends sprang up everywhere, resembling vast junk yards. The poorest searched smouldering refuse heaps for castoffs that might be bartered for a scrap to eat or wear. Black markets (yami'ichi) run by Japanese, Koreans, and For-mosans mushroomed to replace collapsed distribution channels and cash in on inflated prices. Tokyo became "a world of scarcity in which every nail, every rag, and even a tangerine peel [had a] market value." Psychologically numbed, disoriented, and disillusioned with their leaders, demobilized veterans and civilians alike struggled to get their bearings, shed militaristic ideologies, and begin to embrace new values. In the vacuum of defeat, the Japanese people appeared ready to reject the past and grasp at the straw held out by the former enemy. Relations between occupier and occupied were not smooth, however. American troops comported themselves like conquerors, especially in the early weeks and months of occupation. Much of the violence was directed against women, with the first attacks beginning within hours after the landing of advance units. When US paratroopers landed in Sapporo, an orgy of looting, sexual violence, and drunken brawling ensued. Newspaper accounts reported 931 serious offences by GIs in the Yokohama area during the first week of occupation, including 487 armed robberies, 411 thefts of currency or goods, 9 rapes, 5 break-ins, 3 cases of assault and battery, and 16 other acts of lawlessness. In the first 10 days of occupation, there were 1,336 reported rapes by US soldiers in Kanagawa Prefecture alone. Americans were not the only perpetrators. A former prostitute recalled that when Australian troops arrived in Kure in early 1946, they “dragged young women into their jeeps, took them to the mountain, and then raped them. I heard them screaming for help nearly every night.” Such behaviour was commonplace, but news of criminal activity by occupation forces was quickly suppressed. On September 10, 1945, SCAP issued press and pre-censorship codes outlawing the publication of reports and statistics "inimical to the objectives of the occupation." In the sole instance of self-help General Eichelberger records in his memoirs, when locals formed a vigilante group and retaliated against off-duty GIs, 8th Army ordered armored vehicles into the streets and arrested the ringleaders, who received lengthy prison terms. Misbehavior ranged from black-market activity, petty theft, reckless driving, and disorderly conduct to vandalism, arson, murder, and rape. Soldiers and sailors often broke the law with impunity, and incidents of robbery, rape, and even murder were widely reported. Gang rapes and other sex atrocities were not infrequent; victims, shunned as outcasts, sometimes turned to prostitution in desperation, while others took their own lives to avoid bringing shame to their families. Military courts arrested relatively few soldiers for these offenses and convicted even fewer; Japanese attempts at self-defense were punished severely, and restitution for victims was rare. Fearing the worst, Japanese authorities had already prepared countermeasures against the supposed rapacity of foreign soldiers. Imperial troops in East Asia and the Pacific had behaved brutally toward women, so the government established “sexual comfort-stations” manned by geisha, bar hostesses, and prostitutes to “satisfy the lust of the Occupation forces,” as the Higashikuni Cabinet put it. A budget of 100 million yen was set aside for these Recreation and Amusement Associations, financed initially with public funds but run as private enterprises under police supervision. Through these, the government hoped to protect the daughters of the well-born and middle class by turning to lower-class women to satisfy the soldiers' sexual appetites. By the end of 1945, brothel operators had rounded up an estimated 20,000 young women and herded them into RAA establishments nationwide. Eventually, as many as 70,000 are said to have ended up in the state-run sex industry. Thankfully, as military discipline took hold and fresh troops replaced the Allied veterans responsible for the early crime wave, violence subsided and the occupier's patronising behavior and the ugly misdeeds of a lawless few were gradually overlooked. However, fraternisation was frowned upon by both sides, and segregation was practiced in principle, with the Japanese excluded from areas reserved for Allied personnel until September 1949, when MacArthur lifted virtually all restrictions on friendly association, stating that he was “establishing the same relations between occupation personnel and the Japanese population as exists between troops stationed in the United States and the American people.” In principle, the Occupation's administrative structure was highly complex. The Far Eastern Commission, based in Washington, included representatives from all 13 countries that had fought against Japan and was established in 1946 to formulate basic principles. The Allied Council for Japan was created in the same year to assist in developing and implementing surrender terms and in administering the country. It consisted of representatives from the USA, the USSR, Nationalist China, and the British Commonwealth. Although both bodies were active at first, they were largely ineffectual due to unwieldy decision-making, disagreements between the national delegations (especially the USA and USSR), and the obstructionism of General Douglas MacArthur. In practice, SCAP, the executive authority of the occupation, effectively ruled Japan from 1945 to 1952. And since it took orders only from the US government, the Occupation became primarily an American affair. The US occupation program, effectively carried out by SCAP, was revolutionary and rested on a two-pronged approach. To ensure Japan would never again become a menace to the United States or to world peace, SCAP pursued disarmament and demilitarization, with continuing control over Japan's capacity to make war. This involved destroying military supplies and installations, demobilizing more than five million Japanese soldiers, and thoroughly discrediting the military establishment. Accordingly, SCAP ordered the purge of tens of thousands of designated persons from public service positions, including accused war criminals, military officers, leaders of ultranationalist societies, leaders in the Imperial Rule Assistance Association, business leaders tied to overseas expansion, governors of former Japanese colonies, and national leaders who had steered Japan into war. In addition, MacArthur's International Military Tribunal for the Far East established a military court in Tokyo. It had jurisdiction over those charged with Class A crimes, top leaders who had planned and directed the war. Also considered were Class B charges, covering conventional war crimes, and Class C charges, covering crimes against humanity. Yet the military court in Tokyo wouldn't be the only one. More than 5,700 lower-ranking personnel were charged with conventional war crimes in separate trials convened by Australia, China, France, the Dutch East Indies, the Philippines, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Of the 5,700 Japanese individuals indicted for Class B war crimes, 984 were sentenced to death; 475 received life sentences; 2,944 were given more limited prison terms; 1,018 were acquitted; and 279 were never brought to trial or not sentenced. Among these, many, like General Ando Rikichi and Lieutenant-General Nomi Toshio, chose to commit suicide before facing prosecution. Notable cases include Lieutenant-General Tani Hisao, who was sentenced to death by the Nanjing War Crimes Tribunal for his role in the Nanjing Massacre; Lieutenant-General Sakai Takashi, who was executed in Nanjing for the murder of British and Chinese civilians during the occupation of Hong Kong. General Okamura Yasuji was convicted of war crimes by the Tribunal, yet he was immediately protected by the personal order of Nationalist leader Chiang Kai-Shek, who kept him as a military adviser for the Kuomintang. In the Manila trials, General Yamashita Tomoyuki was sentenced to death as he was in overall command during the Sook Ching massacre, the Rape of Manila, and other atrocities. Lieutenant-General Homma Masaharu was likewise executed in Manila for atrocities committed by troops under his command during the Bataan Death March. General Imamura Hitoshi was sentenced to ten years in prison, but he considered the punishment too light and even had a replica of the prison built in his garden, remaining there until his death in 1968. Lieutenant-General Kanda Masatane received a 14-year sentence for war crimes on Bougainville, though he served only four years. Lieutenant-General Adachi Hatazo was sentenced to life imprisonment for war crimes in New Guinea and subsequently committed suicide on September 10, 1947. Lieutenant-General Teshima Fusataro received three years of forced labour for using a hospital ship to transport troops. Lieutenant-General Baba Masao was sentenced to death for ordering the Sandakan Death Marches, during which over 2,200 Australian and British prisoners of war perished. Lieutenant-General Tanabe Moritake was sentenced to death by a Dutch military tribunal for unspecified war crimes. Rear-Admiral Sakaibara Shigematsu was executed in Guam for ordering the Wake Island massacre, in which 98 American civilians were murdered. Lieutenant-General Inoue Sadae was condemned to death in Guam for permitting subordinates to execute three downed American airmen captured in Palau, though his sentence was commuted to life imprisonment in 1951 and he was released in 1953. Lieutenant-General Tachibana Yoshio was sentenced to death in Guam for his role in the Chichijima Incident, in which eight American airmen were cannibalized. By mid-1945, due to the Allied naval blockade, the 25,000 Japanese troops on Chichijima had run low on supplies. However, although the daily rice ration had been reduced from 400 grams per person per day to 240 grams, the troops were not at risk of starvation. In February and March 1945, in what would later be called the Chichijima incident, Tachibana Yoshio's senior staff turned to cannibalism. Nine American airmen had escaped from their planes after being shot down during bombing raids on Chichijima, eight of whom were captured. The ninth, the only one to evade capture, was future US President George H. W. Bush, then a 20-year-old pilot. Over several months, the prisoners were executed, and reportedly by the order of Major Matoba Sueyo, their bodies were butchered by the division's medical orderlies, with the livers and other organs consumed by the senior staff, including Matoba's superior Tachibana. In the Yokohama War Crimes Trials, Lieutenant-Generals Inada Masazumi and Yokoyama Isamu were convicted for their complicity in vivisection and other human medical experiments performed at Kyushu Imperial University on downed Allied airmen. The Tokyo War Crimes Trial, which began in May 1946 and lasted two and a half years, resulted in the execution by hanging of Generals Doihara Kenji and Itagaki Seishiro, and former Prime Ministers Hirota Koki and Tojo Hideki, for war crimes, crimes against humanity, and crimes against peace, specifically for the escalation of the Pacific War and for permitting the inhumane treatment of prisoners of war. Also sentenced to death were Lieutenant-General Muto Akira for his role in the Nanjing and Manila massacres; General Kimura Heitaro for planning the war strategy in China and Southeast Asia and for laxity in preventing atrocities against prisoners of war in Burma; and General Matsui Iwane for his involvement in the Rape of Nanjing. The seven defendants who were sentenced to death were executed at Sugamo Prison in Ikebukuro on December 23, 1948. Sixteen others were sentenced to life imprisonment, including the last Field Marshal Hata Shunroku, Generals Araki Sadao, Minami Hiro, and Umezu Shojiro, Admiral Shimada Shigetaro, former Prime Ministers Hiranuma Kiichiro and Koiso Kuniaki, Marquis Kido Koichi, and Colonel Hashimoto Kingoro, a major instigator of the second Sino-Japanese War. Additionally, former Foreign Ministers Togo Shigenori and Shigemitsu Mamoru received seven- and twenty-year sentences, respectively. The Soviet Union and Chinese Communist forces also held trials of Japanese war criminals, including the Khabarovsk War Crime Trials, which tried and found guilty some members of Japan's bacteriological and chemical warfare unit known as Unit 731. However, those who surrendered to the Americans were never brought to trial, as MacArthur granted immunity to Lieutenant-General Ishii Shiro and all members of the bacteriological research units in exchange for germ-w warfare data derived from human experimentation. If you would like to learn more about what I like to call Japan's Operation Paper clip, whereupon the US grabbed many scientists from Unit 731, check out my exclusive podcast. The SCAP-turn to democratization began with the drafting of a new constitution in 1947, addressing Japan's enduring feudal social structure. In the charter, sovereignty was vested in the people, and the emperor was designated a “symbol of the state and the unity of the people, deriving his position from the will of the people in whom resides sovereign power.” Because the emperor now possessed fewer powers than European constitutional monarchs, some have gone so far as to say that Japan became “a republic in fact if not in name.” Yet the retention of the emperor was, in fact, a compromise that suited both those who wanted to preserve the essence of the nation for stability and those who demanded that the emperor system, though not necessarily the emperor, should be expunged. In line with the democratic spirit of the new constitution, the peerage was abolished and the two-chamber Diet, to which the cabinet was now responsible, became the highest organ of state. The judiciary was made independent and local autonomy was granted in vital areas of jurisdiction such as education and the police. Moreover, the constitution stipulated that “the people shall not be prevented from enjoying any of the fundamental human rights,” that they “shall be respected as individuals,” and that “their right to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness shall … be the supreme consideration in legislation.” Its 29 articles guaranteed basic human rights: equality, freedom from discrimination on the basis of race, creed, sex, social status or family origin, freedom of thought and freedom of religion. Finally, in its most controversial section, Article 9, the “peace clause,” Japan “renounce[d] war as a sovereign right of the nation” and vowed not to maintain any military forces and “other war potential.” To instill a thoroughly democratic ethos, reforms touched every facet of society. The dissolution of the zaibatsu decentralised economic power; the 1945 Labour Union Law and the 1946 Labour Relations Act guaranteed workers the right to collective action; the 1947 Labour Standards Law established basic working standards for men and women; and the revised Civil Code of 1948 abolished the patriarchal household and enshrined sexual equality. Reflecting core American principles, SCAP introduced a 6-3-3 schooling system, six years of compulsory elementary education, three years of junior high, and an optional three years of senior high, along with the aim of secular, locally controlled education. More crucially, ideological reform followed: censorship of feudal material in media, revision of textbooks, and prohibition of ideas glorifying war, dying for the emperor, or venerating war heroes. With women enfranchised and young people shaped to counter militarism and ultranationalism, rural Japan was transformed to undermine lingering class divisions. The land reform program provided for the purchase of all land held by absentee landlords, allowed resident landlords and owner-farmers to retain a set amount of land, and required that the remaining land be sold to the government so it could be offered to existing tenants. In 1948, amid the intensifying tensions of the Cold War that would soon culminate in the Korean War, the occupation's focus shifted from demilitarization and democratization toward economic rehabilitation and, ultimately, the remilitarization of Japan, an shift now known as the “Reverse Course.” The country was thus rebuilt as the Pacific region's primary bulwark against the spread of Communism. An Economic Stabilisation Programme was introduced, including a five-year plan to coordinate production and target capital through the Reconstruction Finance Bank. In 1949, the anti-inflationary Dodge Plan was adopted, advocating balanced budgets, fixing the exchange rate at 360 yen to the dollar, and ending broad government intervention. Additionally, the Ministry of International Trade and Industry was formed and supported the formation of conglomerates centered around banks, which encouraged the reemergence of a somewhat weakened set of zaibatsu, including Mitsui and Mitsubishi. By the end of the Occupation era, Japan was on the verge of surpassing its 1934–1936 levels of economic growth. Equally important was Japan's rearmament in alignment with American foreign policy: a National Police Reserve of about 75,000 was created with the outbreak of the Korean War; by 1952 it had expanded to 110,000 and was renamed the Self-Defense Force after the inclusion of an air force. However, the Reverse Course also facilitated the reestablishment of conservative politics and the rollback of gains made by women and the reforms of local autonomy and education. As the Occupation progressed, the Americans permitted greater Japanese initiative, and power gradually shifted from the reformers to the moderates. By 1949, the purge of the right came under review, and many who had been condemned began returning to influence, if not to the Diet, then to behind-the-scenes power. At the same time, Japanese authorities, with MacArthur's support, began purging left-wing activists. In June 1950, for example, the central office of the Japan Communist Party and the editorial board of The Red Flag were purged. The gains made by women also seemed to be reversed. Women were elected to 8% of available seats in the first lower-house election in 1946, but to only 2% in 1952, a trend not reversed until the so-called Madonna Boom of the 1980s. Although the number of women voting continued to rise, female politicisation remained more superficial than might be imagined. Women's employment also appeared little affected by labour legislation: though women formed nearly 40% of the labor force in 1952, they earned only 45% as much as men. Indeed, women's attitudes toward labor were influenced less by the new ethos of fulfilling individual potential than by traditional views of family and workplace responsibilities. In the areas of local autonomy and education, substantial modifications were made to the reforms. Because local authorities lacked sufficient power to tax, they were unable to realise their extensive powers, and, as a result, key responsibilities were transferred back to national jurisdiction. In 1951, for example, 90% of villages and towns placed their police forces under the control of the newly formed National Police Agency. Central control over education was also gradually reasserted; in 1951, the Yoshida government attempted to reintroduce ethics classes, proposed tighter central oversight of textbooks, and recommended abolishing local school board elections. By the end of the decade, all these changes had been implemented. The Soviet occupation of the Kurile Islands and the Habomai Islets was completed with Russian troops fully deployed by September 5. Immediately after the onset of the occupation, amid a climate of insecurity and fear marked by reports of sporadic rape and physical assault and widespread looting by occupying troops, an estimated 4,000 islanders fled to Hokkaido rather than face an uncertain repatriation. As Soviet forces moved in, they seized or destroyed telephone and telegraph installations and halted ship movements into and out of the islands, leaving residents without adequate food and other winter provisions. Yet, unlike Manchuria, where Japanese civilians faced widespread sexual violence and pillage, systematic violence against the civilian population on the Kuriles appears to have been exceptional. A series of military government proclamations assured islanders of safety so long as they did not resist Soviet rule and carried on normally; however, these orders also prohibited activities not explicitly authorized by the Red Army, which imposed many hardships on civilians. Residents endured harsh conditions under Soviet rule until late 1948, when Japanese repatriation out of the Kurils was completed. The Kuriles posed a special diplomatic problem, as the occupation of the southernmost islands—the Northern Territories—ignited a long-standing dispute between Tokyo and Moscow that continues to impede the normalisation of relations today. Although the Kuriles were promised to the Soviet Union in the Yalta agreement, Japan and the United States argued that this did not apply to the Northern Territories, since they were not part of the Kurile Islands. A substantial dispute regarding the status of the Kurile Islands arose between the United States and the Soviet Union during the preparation of the Treaty of San Francisco, which was intended as a permanent peace treaty between Japan and the Allied Powers of World War II. The treaty was ultimately signed by 49 nations in San Francisco on September 8, 1951, and came into force on April 28, 1952. It ended Japan's role as an imperial power, allocated compensation to Allied nations and former prisoners of war who had suffered Japanese war crimes, ended the Allied post-war occupation of Japan, and returned full sovereignty to Japan. Effectively, the document officially renounced Japan's treaty rights derived from the Boxer Protocol of 1901 and its rights to Korea, Formosa and the Pescadores, the Kurile Islands, the Spratly Islands, Antarctica, and South Sakhalin. Japan's South Seas Mandate, namely the Mariana Islands, Marshall Islands, and Caroline Islands, had already been formally revoked by the United Nations on July 18, 1947, making the United States responsible for administration of those islands under a UN trusteeship agreement that established the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands. In turn, the Bonin, Volcano, and Ryukyu Islands were progressively restored to Japan between 1953 and 1972, along with the Senkaku Islands, which were disputed by both Communist and Nationalist China. In addition, alongside the Treaty of San Francisco, Japan and the United States signed a Security Treaty that established a long-lasting military alliance between them. Although Japan renounced its rights to the Kuriles, the U.S. State Department later clarified that “the Habomai Islands and Shikotan ... are properly part of Hokkaido and that Japan is entitled to sovereignty over them,” hence why the Soviets refused to sign the treaty. Britain and the United States agreed that territorial rights would not be granted to nations that did not sign the Treaty of San Francisco, and as a result the Kurile Islands were not formally recognized as Soviet territory. A separate peace treaty, the Treaty of Taipei (formally the Sino-Japanese Peace Treaty), was signed in Taipei on April 28, 1952 between Japan and the Kuomintang, and on June 9 of that year the Treaty of Peace Between Japan and India followed. Finally, Japan and the Soviet Union ended their formal state of war with the Soviet–Japanese Joint Declaration of 1956, though this did not settle the Kurile Islands dispute. Even after these formal steps, Japan as a nation was not in a formal state of war, and many Japanese continued to believe the war was ongoing; those who held out after the surrender came to be known as Japanese holdouts.  Captain Oba Sakae and his medical company participated in the Saipan campaign beginning on July 7, 1944, and took part in what would become the largest banzai charge of the Pacific War. After 15 hours of intense hand-to-hand combat, almost 4,300 Japanese soldiers were dead, and Oba and his men were presumed among them. In reality, however, he survived the battle and gradually assumed command of over a hundred additional soldiers. Only five men from his original unit survived the battle, two of whom died in the following months. Oba then led over 200 Japanese civilians deeper into the jungles to evade capture, organizing them into mountain caves and hidden jungle villages. When the soldiers were not assisting the civilians with survival tasks, Oba and his men continued their battle against the garrison of US Marines. He used the 1,552‑ft Mount Tapochau as their primary base, which offered an unobstructed 360-degree view of the island. From their base camp on the western slope of the mountain, Oba and his men occasionally conducted guerrilla-style raids on American positions. Due to the speed and stealth of these operations, and the Marines' frustrated attempts to find him, the Saipan Marines eventually referred to Oba as “The Fox.” Oba and his men held out on the island for 512 days, or about 16 months. On November 27, 1945, former Major-General Amo Umahachi was able to draw out some of the Japanese in hiding by singing the anthem of the Japanese infantry branch. Amo was then able to present documents from the defunct IGHQ to Oba ordering him and his 46 remaining men to surrender themselves to the Americans. On December 1, the Japanese soldiers gathered on Tapochau and sang a song of departure to the spirits of the war dead; Oba led his people out of the jungle and they presented themselves to the Marines of the 18th Anti-Aircraft Artillery Company. With great formality and commensurate dignity, Oba surrendered his sword to Lieutenant Colonel Howard G. Kirgis, and his men surrendered their arms and colors. On January 2, 1946, 20 Japanese soldiers hiding in a tunnel at Corregidor Island surrendered after learning the war had ended from a newspaper found while collecting water. In that same month, 120 Japanese were routed after a battle in the mountains 150 miles south of Manila. In April, during a seven-week campaign to clear Lubang Island, 41 more Japanese emerged from the jungle, unaware that the war had ended; however, a group of four Japanese continued to resist. In early 1947, Lieutenant Yamaguchi Ei and his band of 33 soldiers renewed fighting with the small Marine garrison on Peleliu, prompting reinforcements under Rear-Admiral Charles Pownall to be brought to the island to hunt down the guerrilla group. Along with them came former Rear-Admiral Sumikawa Michio, who ultimately convinced Yamaguchi to surrender in April after almost three years of guerrilla warfare. Also in April, seven Japanese emerged from Palawan Island and fifteen armed stragglers emerged from Luzon. In January 1948, 200 troops surrendered on Mindanao; and on May 12, the Associated Press reported that two unnamed Japanese soldiers had surrendered to civilian policemen in Guam the day before. On January 6, 1949, two former IJN soldiers, machine gunners Matsudo Rikio and Yamakage Kufuku, were discovered on Iwo Jima and surrendered peacefully. In March 1950, Private Akatsu Yūichi surrendered in the village of Looc, leaving only three Japanese still resisting on Lubang. By 1951 a group of Japanese on Anatahan Island refused to believe that the war was over and resisted every attempt by the Navy to remove them. This group was first discovered in February 1945, when several Chamorros from Saipan were sent to the island to recover the bodies of a Saipan-based B-29. The Chamorros reported that there were about thirty Japanese survivors from three ships sunk in June 1944, one of which was an Okinawan woman. Personal aggravations developed from the close confines of a small group on a small island and from tuba drinking; among the holdouts, 6 of 11 deaths were the result of violence, and one man displayed 13 knife wounds. The presence of only one woman, Higa Kazuko, caused considerable difficulty as she would transfer her affections among at least four men after each of them mysteriously disappeared, purportedly “swallowed by the waves while fishing.” According to the more sensational versions of the Anatahan tale, 11 of the 30 navy sailors stranded on the island died due to violent struggles over her affections. In July 1950, Higa went to the beach when an American vessel appeared offshore and finally asked to be removed from the island. She was taken to Saipan aboard the Miss Susie and, upon arrival, told authorities that the men on the island did not believe the war was over. As the Japanese government showed interest in the situation on Anatahan, the families of the holdouts were contacted in Japan and urged by the Navy to write letters stating that the war was over and that the holdouts should surrender. The letters were dropped by air on June 26 and ultimately convinced the holdouts to give themselves up. Thus, six years after the end of World War II, “Operation Removal” commenced from Saipan under the command of Lt. Commander James B. Johnson, USNR, aboard the Navy Tug USS Cocopa. Johnson and an interpreter went ashore by rubber boat and formally accepted the surrender on the morning of June 30, 1951. The Anatahan femme fatale story later inspired the 1953 Japanese film Anatahan and the 1998 novel Cage on the Sea. In 1953, Murata Susumu, the last holdout on Tinian, was finally captured. The next year, on May 7, Corporal Sumada Shoichi was killed in a clash with Filipino soldiers, leaving only two Japanese still resisting on Lubang. In November 1955, Seaman Kinoshita Noboru was captured in the Luzon jungle but soon after committed suicide rather than “return to Japan in defeat.” That same year, four Japanese airmen surrendered at Hollandia in Dutch New Guinea; and in 1956, nine soldiers were located and sent home from Morotai, while four men surrendered on Mindoro. In May 1960, Sergeant Ito Masashi became one of the last Japanese to surrender at Guam after the capture of his comrade Private Minagawa Bunzo, but the final surrender at Guam would come later with Sergeant Yokoi Shoichi. Sergeant Yokoi Shoichi survived in the jungles of Guam by living for years in an elaborately dug hole, subsisting on snails and lizards, a fate that, while undignified, showcased his ingenuity and resilience and earned him a warm welcome on his return to Japan. His capture was not heroic in the traditional sense: he was found half-starving by a group of villagers while foraging for shrimp in a stream, and the broader context included his awareness as early as 1952 that the war had ended. He explained that the wartime bushido code, emphasizing self-sacrifice or suicide rather than self-preservation, had left him fearing that repatriation would label him a deserter and likely lead to execution. Emerging from the jungle, Yokoi also became a vocal critic of Japan's wartime leadership, including Emperor Hirohito, which fits a view of him as a product of, and a prisoner within, his own education, military training, and the censorship and propaganda of the era. When asked by a young nephew how he survived so long on an island just a short distance from a major American airbase, he replied simply, “I was really good at hide and seek.”  That same year, Private Kozuka Kinshichi was killed in a shootout with Philippine police in October, leaving Lieutenant Onoda Hiroo still resisting on Lubang. Lieutenant Onoda Hiroo had been on Lubang since 1944, a few months before the Americans retook the Philippines. The last instructions he had received from his immediate superior ordered him to retreat to the interior of the island and harass the Allied occupying forces until the IJA eventually returned. Despite efforts by the Philippine Army, letters and newspapers left for him, radio broadcasts, and even a plea from Onoda's brother, he did not believe the war was over. On February 20, 1974, Onoda encountered a young Japanese university dropout named Suzuki Norio, who was traveling the world and had told friends that he planned to “look for Lieutenant Onoda, a panda, and the abominable snowman, in that order.” The two became friends, but Onoda stated that he was waiting for orders from one of his commanders. On March 9, 1974, Onoda went to an agreed-upon place and found a note left by Suzuki. Suzuki had brought along Onoda's former commander, Major Taniguchi, who delivered the oral orders for Onoda to surrender. Intelligence Officer 2nd Lt. Onoda Hiroo thus emerged from Lubang's jungle with his .25 caliber rifle, 500 rounds of ammunition, and several hand grenades. He surrendered 29 years after Japan's formal surrender, and 15 years after being declared legally dead in Japan. When he accepted that the war was over, he wept openly. He received a hero's welcome upon his return to Japan in 1974. The Japanese government offered him a large sum of money in back pay, which he refused. When money was pressed on him by well-wishers, he donated it to Yasukuni Shrine. Onoda was reportedly unhappy with the attention and what he saw as the withering of traditional Japanese values. He wrote No Surrender: My Thirty-Year War, a best-selling autobiography published in 1974. Yet the last Japanese to surrender would be Private Nakamura Teruo, an Amis aborigine from Formosa and a member of the Takasago Volunteers. Private Nakamura Teruo spent the tail end of World War II with a dwindling band on Morotai, repeatedly dispersing and reassembling in the jungle as they hunted for food. The group suffered continuous losses to starvation and disease, and survivors described Nakamura as highly self-sufficient. He left to live alone somewhere in the Morotai highlands between 1946 and 1947, rejoined the main group in 1950, and then disappeared again a few years later. Nakamura hinted in print that he fled into the jungle because he feared the other holdouts might murder him. He survives for decades beyond the war, eventually being found by 11 Indonesian soldiers. The emergence of an indigenous Taiwanese soldier among the search party embarrassed Japan as it sought to move past its imperial past. Many Japanese felt Nakamura deserved compensation for decades of loyalty, only to learn that his back pay for three decades of service amounted to 68,000 yen.   Nakamura's experience of peace was complex. When a journalist asked how he felt about “wasting” three decades of his life on Morotai, he replied that the years had not been wasted; he had been serving his country. Yet the country he returned to was Taiwan, and upon disembarking in Taipei in early January 1975, he learned that his wife had a son he had never met and that she had remarried a decade after his official death. Nakamura eventually lived with a daughter, and his story concluded with a bittersweet note when his wife reconsidered and reconciled with him. Several Japanese soldiers joined local Communist and insurgent groups after the war to avoid surrender. Notably, in 1956 and 1958, two soldiers returned to Japan after service in China's People's Liberation Army. Two others who defected with a larger group to the Malayan Communist Party around 1945 laid down their arms in 1989 and repatriated the next year, becoming among the last to return home. That is all for today, but fear not I will provide a few more goodies over the next few weeks. I will be releasing some of my exclusive podcast episodes from my youtube membership and patreon that are about pacific war subjects. Like I promised the first one will be on why Emperor Hirohito surrendered. Until then if you need your fix you know where to find me: eastern front week by week, fall and rise of china, echoes of war or on my Youtube membership of patreon at www.patreon.com/pacificwarchannel.

1.  Liftoff: Elon Musk and the Desperate Early Days that Launched SpaceX by Eric Berger, chronicles the turbulent and often precarious genesis of Elon Musk's ambitious rocket company, SpaceX. The narrative begins in March 2006 on Omelek Island, part of the Marshall Islands, where SpaceX prepared for the inaugural flight of its Falcon 1 rocket. Musk, having conceived the idea in 2001 to disrupt the space industry, founded SpaceX in 2002 despite being "laughed out of the room" by experts. He self-educated in rocketry and committed a significant portion of his fortune to the venture, pioneering a vertically integrated approach to manufacturing, building components like the Merlin engine in-house to reduce costs and accelerate development. The first three Falcon 1 launches were failures, each providing critical, hard-won lessons: 1. Launch 1 (March 2006): The Merlin engine ignited, but a corroded bolt, exacerbated by the humid tropical environment, caused a fuel leak and an engine fire, leading the rocket to crash back onto Omelek Island just 30 seconds after liftoff. Musk's philosophy that "failure is an option" guided the immediate post-crash investigation to collect debris and pinpoint the cause. 2. Launch 2 (March 2007): Despite the first stage working perfectly, the second stage, lacking "slosh baffles" (omitted based on computer models to save weight), spun out of control due to fuel sloshing. While it reached space (above 100 km), it failed to achieve a stable orbit, meaning SpaceX was not yet considered a "real rocket company" in the industry. This failure popularized the SpaceX proverb, "always go to 11". 3. Launch 3 (August 2008): Carrying multiple customer payloads, including the ashes of Star Trek's Scotty, this launch again saw a successful first stage. However, an unexpected relight of the first stage engine after separation caused it to bump and knock the second stage off course, killing the mission. This was a profound setback, as Musk had budgeted for only three flights, and the global economy was simultaneously collapsing. With the company nearly out of money and the world in a severe recession, Musk gathered his team, who expected him to announce closure. Instead, he declared they would make one more attempt with the remaining rocket parts, demanding it be ready in six weeks, though six months would have been more realistic. This fourth rocket's journey was not without its own drama: during transport in an Air Force C-17, the first stage imploded due to a pressure differential (SpaceX had used an outdated manual for the aircraft's pressurization). A young engineer, Zack Dunn, heroically crawled inside the crumpling rocket during descent to manually open valves, saving it from destruction. After rapid repairs, the fourth Falcon 1 launched in late September 2008. This time, it achieved orbit, carrying a dummy payload named "Rats". The team's jubilation, screaming "Orbit, orbit" at each other, marked a pivotal moment that Berger describes as "the end of the beginning" for SpaceX. This success, amidst immense technical hurdles, financial desperation, and a global economic crisis, underscored Musk's relentless determination, vertical integration strategy, and acceptance of failure as a learning tool. 1955

2.  Liftoff: Elon Musk and the Desperate Early Days that Launched SpaceX by Eric Berger, chronicles the turbulent and often precarious genesis of Elon Musk's ambitious rocket company, SpaceX. The narrative begins in March 2006 on Omelek Island, part of the Marshall Islands, where SpaceX prepared for the inaugural flight of its Falcon 1 rocket. Musk, having conceived the idea in 2001 to disrupt the space industry, founded SpaceX in 2002 despite being "laughed out of the room" by experts. He self-educated in rocketry and committed a significant portion of his fortune to the venture, pioneering a vertically integrated approach to manufacturing, building components like the Merlin engine in-house to reduce costs and accelerate development. The first three Falcon 1 launches were failures, each providing critical, hard-won lessons: 1. Launch 1 (March 2006): The Merlin engine ignited, but a corroded bolt, exacerbated by the humid tropical environment, caused a fuel leak and an engine fire, leading the rocket to crash back onto Omelek Island just 30 seconds after liftoff. Musk's philosophy that "failure is an option" guided the immediate post-crash investigation to collect debris and pinpoint the cause. 2. Launch 2 (March 2007): Despite the first stage working perfectly, the second stage, lacking "slosh baffles" (omitted based on computer models to save weight), spun out of control due to fuel sloshing. While it reached space (above 100 km), it failed to achieve a stable orbit, meaning SpaceX was not yet considered a "real rocket company" in the industry. This failure popularized the SpaceX proverb, "always go to 11". 3. Launch 3 (August 2008): Carrying multiple customer payloads, including the ashes of Star Trek's Scotty, this launch again saw a successful first stage. However, an unexpected relight of the first stage engine after separation caused it to bump and knock the second stage off course, killing the mission. This was a profound setback, as Musk had budgeted for only three flights, and the global economy was simultaneously collapsing. With the company nearly out of money and the world in a severe recession, Musk gathered his team, who expected him to announce closure. Instead, he declared they would make one more attempt with the remaining rocket parts, demanding it be ready in six weeks, though six months would have been more realistic. This fourth rocket's journey was not without its own drama: during transport in an Air Force C-17, the first stage imploded due to a pressure differential (SpaceX had used an outdated manual for the aircraft's pressurization). A young engineer, Zack Dunn, heroically crawled inside the crumpling rocket during descent to manually open valves, saving it from destruction. After rapid repairs, the fourth Falcon 1 launched in late September 2008. This time, it achieved orbit, carrying a dummy payload named "Rats". The team's jubilation, screaming "Orbit, orbit" at each other, marked a pivotal moment that Berger describes as "the end of the beginning" for SpaceX. This success, amidst immense technical hurdles, financial desperation, and a global economic crisis, underscored Musk's relentless determination, vertical integration strategy, and acceptance of failure as a learning tool. 1955

3.  Liftoff: Elon Musk and the Desperate Early Days that Launched SpaceX by Eric Berger, chronicles the turbulent and often precarious genesis of Elon Musk's ambitious rocket company, SpaceX. The narrative begins in March 2006 on Omelek Island, part of the Marshall Islands, where SpaceX prepared for the inaugural flight of its Falcon 1 rocket. Musk, having conceived the idea in 2001 to disrupt the space industry, founded SpaceX in 2002 despite being "laughed out of the room" by experts. He self-educated in rocketry and committed a significant portion of his fortune to the venture, pioneering a vertically integrated approach to manufacturing, building components like the Merlin engine in-house to reduce costs and accelerate development. The first three Falcon 1 launches were failures, each providing critical, hard-won lessons: 1. Launch 1 (March 2006): The Merlin engine ignited, but a corroded bolt, exacerbated by the humid tropical environment, caused a fuel leak and an engine fire, leading the rocket to crash back onto Omelek Island just 30 seconds after liftoff. Musk's philosophy that "failure is an option" guided the immediate post-crash investigation to collect debris and pinpoint the cause. 2. Launch 2 (March 2007): Despite the first stage working perfectly, the second stage, lacking "slosh baffles" (omitted based on computer models to save weight), spun out of control due to fuel sloshing. While it reached space (above 100 km), it failed to achieve a stable orbit, meaning SpaceX was not yet considered a "real rocket company" in the industry. This failure popularized the SpaceX proverb, "always go to 11". 3. Launch 3 (August 2008): Carrying multiple customer payloads, including the ashes of Star Trek's Scotty, this launch again saw a successful first stage. However, an unexpected relight of the first stage engine after separation caused it to bump and knock the second stage off course, killing the mission. This was a profound setback, as Musk had budgeted for only three flights, and the global economy was simultaneously collapsing. With the company nearly out of money and the world in a severe recession, Musk gathered his team, who expected him to announce closure. Instead, he declared they would make one more attempt with the remaining rocket parts, demanding it be ready in six weeks, though six months would have been more realistic. This fourth rocket's journey was not without its own drama: during transport in an Air Force C-17, the first stage imploded due to a pressure differential (SpaceX had used an outdated manual for the aircraft's pressurization). A young engineer, Zack Dunn, heroically crawled inside the crumpling rocket during descent to manually open valves, saving it from destruction. After rapid repairs, the fourth Falcon 1 launched in late September 2008. This time, it achieved orbit, carrying a dummy payload named "Rats". The team's jubilation, screaming "Orbit, orbit" at each other, marked a pivotal moment that Berger describes as "the end of the beginning" for SpaceX. This success, amidst immense technical hurdles, financial desperation, and a global economic crisis, underscored Musk's relentless determination, vertical integration strategy, and acceptance of failure as a learning tool. 1957

4.  Liftoff: Elon Musk and the Desperate Early Days that Launched SpaceX by Eric Berger, chronicles the turbulent and often precarious genesis of Elon Musk's ambitious rocket company, SpaceX. The narrative begins in March 2006 on Omelek Island, part of the Marshall Islands, where SpaceX prepared for the inaugural flight of its Falcon 1 rocket. Musk, having conceived the idea in 2001 to disrupt the space industry, founded SpaceX in 2002 despite being "laughed out of the room" by experts. He self-educated in rocketry and committed a significant portion of his fortune to the venture, pioneering a vertically integrated approach to manufacturing, building components like the Merlin engine in-house to reduce costs and accelerate development. The first three Falcon 1 launches were failures, each providing critical, hard-won lessons: 1. Launch 1 (March 2006): The Merlin engine ignited, but a corroded bolt, exacerbated by the humid tropical environment, caused a fuel leak and an engine fire, leading the rocket to crash back onto Omelek Island just 30 seconds after liftoff. Musk's philosophy that "failure is an option" guided the immediate post-crash investigation to collect debris and pinpoint the cause. 2. Launch 2 (March 2007): Despite the first stage working perfectly, the second stage, lacking "slosh baffles" (omitted based on computer models to save weight), spun out of control due to fuel sloshing. While it reached space (above 100 km), it failed to achieve a stable orbit, meaning SpaceX was not yet considered a "real rocket company" in the industry. This failure popularized the SpaceX proverb, "always go to 11". 3. Launch 3 (August 2008): Carrying multiple customer payloads, including the ashes of Star Trek's Scotty, this launch again saw a successful first stage. However, an unexpected relight of the first stage engine after separation caused it to bump and knock the second stage off course, killing the mission. This was a profound setback, as Musk had budgeted for only three flights, and the global economy was simultaneously collapsing. With the company nearly out of money and the world in a severe recession, Musk gathered his team, who expected him to announce closure. Instead, he declared they would make one more attempt with the remaining rocket parts, demanding it be ready in six weeks, though six months would have been more realistic. This fourth rocket's journey was not without its own drama: during transport in an Air Force C-17, the first stage imploded due to a pressure differential (SpaceX had used an outdated manual for the aircraft's pressurization). A young engineer, Zack Dunn, heroically crawled inside the crumpling rocket during descent to manually open valves, saving it from destruction. After rapid repairs, the fourth Falcon 1 launched in late September 2008. This time, it achieved orbit, carrying a dummy payload named "Rats". The team's jubilation, screaming "Orbit, orbit" at each other, marked a pivotal moment that Berger describes as "the end of the beginning" for SpaceX. This success, amidst immense technical hurdles, financial desperation, and a global economic crisis, underscored Musk's relentless determination, vertical integration strategy, and acceptance of failure as a learning tool. 1958

Donald and Eric check in with some updates around Concacaf, as the fall World Cup Qualifying schedule is set, Puerto Rico nabs a huge friendly opponent and the USMNT roster drama continues. The guys also answer some POSTCARDS TO THE POD, as listeners ask about very normal things like fan culture, the Marshall Islands and the big Taylor Swift news. Support the podcast and hear the special ONE MORE ROUND bonus episode on the Patreon at http://www.patreon.com/podcacaf 

RNZ Pacific Editor Koroi Hawkins on Samoa's election, a major Fiji drug trafficking operation has seen a hefty fine handed down, and the Marshall Islands parliament has burnt down.

Soccer history is coming to Northwest Arkansas! The Ozark United FC team reveals exclusive details about the upcoming Outrigger Challenge Cup, a groundbreaking international soccer tournament featuring teams from the US Virgin Islands, Turks and Caicos, and most notably, the Marshall Islands, who will be playing their first-ever international match.Set for August 13-16 at Springdale High School's Jarrell Williams Stadium, this tournament represents far more than just competitive matches. It's a celebration of underrepresented island nations and a unique cultural exchange opportunity for our community. The hosts share the compelling story of how they've organized this historic event, from coordinating international teams to partnering with local businesses and schools. What makes this tournament particularly special is its community focus; all ticket proceeds (just $5 per match) will directly benefit Springdale High School's soccer programs.The podcast offers a comprehensive breakdown of the tournament schedule, including the Marshall Islands' historic debut on August 14th, which will follow Ozark United's U19 Academy team playing their first official match. Beyond the competition, listeners will learn about additional activities, including opening ceremonies and closing celebrations. The hosts also reveal their vision for making this an annual tradition, with next year's tournament strategically planned to coincide with the build-up to the 2026 FIFA World Cup. Whether you're a soccer enthusiast, cultural ambassador, or simply looking for a unique community event, mark your calendars and be part of something truly historic. Can't attend in person? The hosts share how matches will be streamed online, making this milestone accessible to viewers worldwide.

In Pacific Waves today: Marshall Islands parliament goes up in flames; Economists assess PNG's economy over 50 years; Samoa citizens get ready to cast their votes; Bougainville election soon approaching. Go to this episode on rnz.co.nz for more details

We're joined by Justin Walley, Assistant Manager and Comms Director of The Marshall Islands National Team, to talk about the history they created last week by playing their first ever international fixtures.The Marshall Islands Soccer Federation were founded in 2020 with one purpose in mind: to bring organised soccer to The Marshall Islands for the first time.Since then they have put in place infrastructures to promote the game and become one of the last nations on earth to play international football.From no goals, kits or coaches to this moment, it's been a huge journey.About UsWebsitefootballheritage.co.ukEmailhello@footballheritage.co.ukX@_footyheritageBlueSky@footballheritage.bsky.socialInstagram@_footyheritageYouTube@FootballHeritageFHAbout Our GuestJustin Walley@JustinWalley10Marshall Islands Soccer Federation@SoccerFedMI

GB2RS News Sunday the 24th of August 2025   The news headlines: Apply to be the RSGB Youth Activities and Engagement Champion The Tonight@8 webinar series is back with a brilliant autumn line-up Hans Summers, G0UPL confirmed as the RSGB Convention after-dinner speaker The RSGB Youth Team is looking for a proactive, enthusiastic and innovative person to join its team as the Society's volunteer Youth Activities and Engagement Champion. The role will take the lead on youth-focused activities and create resources for young Foundation licence holders. If you would like to help inspire young people to explore new aspects of amateur radio, then read the full role description via rsgb.org/volunteers  and then get in touch with the Youth Board Liaison Ben Lloyd, GW4BML via gw4bml@rsgb.org.uk  This exciting role will be working collaboratively with Ben, as well as the existing Youth Champions and RSGB Outreach Team. You can see some of the amazing projects the team has been working on by visiting the RSGB Youth web pages via rsgb.org/youth The Tonight@8 autumn programme kicks off on Monday the 1st of September with a fascinating presentation from Kristen McIntyre, K6WX. During the 45-minute session Kristen will explain Maxwell's Equations in a visual and relatable way that aims to leave viewers with an understanding of a topic that can often feel impenetrable. Maxwell's Equations are essential for radio amateurs and explain how RF signals propagate, antennas radiate, and common-mode currents form. By the end of this informative webinar, you'll be able to see how Maxwell's four simultaneous differential equations combine to bring the world of radio to life. Kristen discovered amateur radio when she was a student at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1979 and has been active ever since. Among other roles, she is the ARRL First Vice President and has also recently been inducted into the CQ Amateur Radio Hall of Fame. Learn more about Kristen and this not to be missed webinar by going to rsgb.org/webinars  Hans Summers, G0UPL from QRP Labs has been confirmed by the RSGB as the after-dinner speaker at its Convention in October. Following the gala dinner, Hans will be sharing the emotions he experienced during the nine months he spent adding SSB to the QMX transceiver. Tickets for the gala dinner, along with those for the full Convention programme and the three exciting workshops, can be purchased via rsgb.org/convention  This year's RSGB Convention takes place at Kents Hill Conference Centre in Milton Keynes between Friday the 10th and Sunday the 12th of October. Book now and join like-minded radio amateurs for an action-packed programme. The RSGB Examination Standards Committee is pleased to announce the publication of an updated version of the Direct to Full syllabus. The significant changes from the previous version are the moving of some points between Section One on Licensing and Section Two on Operating. These changes bring the Direct to Full syllabus into line with the latest version of the three-part syllabus. You can find the updated syllabus and change documentation on the RSGB website at rsgb.org/syllabus  These changes will come into effect from January 2026, so please choose the correct version of the syllabus for the date you plan to take your exam. Four young RSGB members have spent the last week near Paris for this year's Youngsters on the Air summer camp. The event was a huge success with activities that included group member Sophie, M7IJG asking a question to Astronaut Mike Fincke, KE5AIT during the camp's ARISS contact with the International Space Station. Hear more from the young radio amateurs by reading their blog via rsgb.org/yota-camp RSGB members, and the wider amateur radio community, are invited to a ‘Meet the President Day' at the RSGB's National Radio Centre on Thursday the 28th of August. The Society's President, Bob Beebe, GU4YOX, will be present throughout the day to welcome members, hear their views, and discuss the work of the Society in supporting and promoting amateur radio. RSGB members, don't forget to download your free entry voucher to Bletchley Park via rsgb.org/bpvoucher The Maritime Radio Historical Society in the United States, in cooperation with the Cipher History Museum, has arranged to transmit an Enigma message via the maritime radio coast station KPH, near San Francisco. The transmission will take place on Saturday the 30th of August at 2000UTC. KPH listeners, intercept operators and codebreakers everywhere are invited to try their hand at receiving the transmission and decrypting the message. For more information, including details of certificates that are available for decrypting the message, visit tinyurl.com/mrhs2025 And now for details of rallies and events Today, the 24th, the Milton Keynes Amateur Radio Society Rally is taking place at Heron's Lodge Guide Activity Centre, Bradwell Road, Loughton Lodge, Milton Keynes. Free on-site parking, catering and disabled facilities are available. The entrance fee is £3. The doors open to the public from 9am. For more information visit mkars.org.uk/mkrally The Torbay Amateur Radio Society Rally is also taking place at Newton Abbot Racecourse today, the 24th. The doors open at 10am and entry costs £3. You can find out more via torbayars.org Tomorrow, the 25th, the Huntingdonshire Amateur Radio Society Radio Rally will take place at the Ramsey Rural Museum, Wood Lane, Ramsey, PE26 2XD. For more information visit tinyurl.com/hunts25 Telford Hamfest is taking place on Sunday the 31st of August at Harper Adams University Sports Hall. The doors open at 10.15am. Admission is £5 but children up to the age of 16 will be admitted free of charge. The G-QRP Club will be present again with a Saturday Buildathon. More details are available at tinyurl.com/tdars25 Now the Special Event news In memory of Maximilian Kolbe, special callsign 4A2MAX is active until the 31st of August. Kolbe is venerated by the Catholic Church as the patron saint of amateur radio operators. Activity will be on the 80 to 6m bands using CW, SSB and digital modes. QSL via Logbook of the World, eQSL, QRZ.com or via EA5GL. To celebrate the International Amateur Radio Union's 100th anniversary, members of the Atlantic Coast DX and Contest Group are active as CG9IARU throughout August. The station was spotted recently on the 20m band using SSB. QSL via VE9CF. See QRZ.com for more information.  Now the DX news Aldir, PY1SAD is active as 8R1TM from Guyana until the 23rd of September. He is operating CW, SSB and digital modes on all bands and via satellite. QSL via Logbook of the World, eQSL, QRZ.com, or directly to PY1SAD. Don, KW7R is active as V73KW from the Marshall Islands until September. He operates CW and FT8 on various bands. QSL via Logbook of the World. Now the contest news Today, the 24th, the UK Microwave Group 5.7 and 10GHz Contest runs from 0600 to 1800UTC. Using all modes on 5.7 and 10GHz frequencies, the exchange is signal report, serial number and locator. On Tuesday the 26th, the RSGB SHF UK Activity Contest runs from 1830 to 2130UTC. Using all modes on 2.3 to 10GHz frequencies, the exchange is signal report, serial number and locator. The World Wide Digi DX Contest starts at 1200UTC on Saturday the 30th and ends at 1200UTC on Sunday the 31st of August. Using FT4 and FT8 on the 160 to 10m bands, where contests are permitted, the exchange is your four-character locator. Now the radio propagation report, compiled by G0KYA, G3YLA and G4BAO on Thursday the 21st of August Last week was relatively good from an HF propagation standpoint, with only a few periods with an elevated Kp index thanks to a high-speed solar wind stream from a coronal hole. The Kp index hit 4.67 on the 19th of August and 4 again on the 20th due to the solar wind hitting earth at more than 600 kilometres per second. Luckily, the interplanetary magnetic field remained mostly neutral, or north-facing, and the density was low, saving us from more disruption. Meanwhile, the solar flux index declined to 120 by Thursday the 21st. This is still high enough to affect the ionosphere, but well down on recent highs in the 140s and 150s. The daytime critical frequency has mostly remained above 7.5MHz, meaning the 40m band has managed to remain good for inter-UK contacts. This has also meant that maximum usable frequencies, or MUFs, over a 3,000km path hit 21MHz and even 24.9MHz at times. Nighttime critical frequencies have been around 5MHz, giving an MUF over 3,000km of below 14MHz and sometimes even as low as 10MHz. It may be another month or so before we see daytime F2-layer openings starting again on 28MHz. In the meantime, focus your efforts during daylight on 21MHz and below. T30TTT in Western Kiribati remains one of the DX stations to chase, mostly on 18 and 21MHz. The operators are alternating between using CW, SSB and FT8. Other choice DX worked included Jim, E51JD on South Cook Islands who has been active on the 17m band using SSB. TY5AD in Benin, Africa has been worked on the 10m band using FT8. And 3G1P, an IOTA DXpedition in Chile, was logged on the 15m band using SSB. Closer to home, today, the 24th, is the last chance to work OG0C on the Aland Islands. Next week, NOAA predicts that the solar flux index will remain in the 120s, until the end of the month when it could rise to 130 and even 150. Unsettled geomagnetic conditions are forecast for the 28th of August when the Kp index could hit 4. Otherwise, make the most of the relatively settled conditions over the first half of next week to work some choice DX! And now the VHF and up propagation news from G3YLA and G4BAO After this weekend, the weather changes from a Tropo high pressure pattern to an unsettled story with areas of low pressure and fronts together with wind and rain. This will remove any Tropo options and replace them with a possibility of rain scatter on the GHz bands. The auroral conditions have recently produced minor enhancements, although nothing too exciting so far radio-wise. It's worth noting that the autumn, along with spring, are times of the year when auroras are more likely. So, it's a good time of the year to keep abreast of the Kp index, especially if the Kp index goes above 5. We are at the tail end of the broader period of the Perseid meteor shower, ending today, the 24th. This leaves random meteor activity as the only option for a while. As those of you who are active in the mode already know, it tends to favour the early pre-dawn period for better chances of catching meteor scatter. Sporadic-E is hanging on for the last week or two of the 2025 season, but opportunities become much rarer. You'll need to keep a close watch on band reports to capture these increasingly fleeting events. In the main Sporadic-E season, there are usually two well-defined peaks of activity in the morning and late afternoon. However, in the tail of the Sporadic-E season you are just as likely to find it around the middle of the day as at any other time. The daily Sporadic-E blogs at propquest.co.uk  finish at the end of August, but in some years the last events have extended into the first week of September.  Moon declination is still positive, but falling, going negative on Monday. So, Moon window lengths and peak elevation will follow suit. Path losses are rising again as we approach apogee on Friday the 29th. 144MHz sky noise was low until lunchtime on Friday the 22nd, when the Sun and the Moon were very close in the sky. This continued throughout the Moon window on yesterday, the 23rd, and will revert to moderate-to-low next week.  And that's all from the propagation team this week.

Soccer history unfolded right here in Northwest Arkansas as the Outrigger Challenge Cup brought FIFA-sanctioned international matches to Springdale. Kevin Tello, Ozark United FC MLS Next Technical Director, joins host Wes Harris to break down this landmark event that put our region on the global soccer map.The tournament featured the senior men's national teams of Turks and Caicos and the US Virgin Islands, along with the Marshall Islands and Ozark United FC's U19 academy team, which stepped in as a last-minute addition. What followed was nothing short of extraordinary – under-19 academy players jumping out to 2–0 leads against established FIFA nations, the Marshall Islands competing in their first-ever international fixtures, and a celebration of soccer that united our diverse community.Kevin provides an insider's perspective on what it meant for our U19 players to face professional athletes in high-stakes competition. These weren't exhibition matches – the intensity was real, with bone-crunching tackles, heated exchanges, and the kind of pressure most players don't experience until college or beyond. The experience proved invaluable as our young athletes faced the realities of international competition, learning lessons about game management and mental fortitude that will serve them for years to come.The conversation shifts to Ozark United FC's exciting MLS Next program, which has drawn incredible talent from across the region. With approximately 100 players trying out for each age group and final rosters representing 16 different clubs and 12 high schools, the academy truly unites Northwest Arkansas soccer. Kevin explains the upcoming season structure, which begins September 6th with home matches in Siloam Springs, and outlines the developmental philosophy guiding each age group.Most importantly, Kevin articulates the mission driving everything Ozark United FC does – creating pathways, providing opportunities, and elevating the game in our region. Whether players aspire to join MLS academies, earn college scholarships, or simply become the best they can be, Ozark United FC is building structures that make these dreams accessible right here at home.Join us for this riveting conversation about soccer's past, present, and future in Northwest Arkansas. Then come experience it yourself at our upcoming MLS Next matches starting this September!

Send us a textThe Marshall Islands face dual threats from the legacy of U.S. nuclear testing and the advancing impacts of climate change, creating an urgent struggle for justice and survival.On this episode of Breaking Green we are going to speak with Shem Livai.Shem Livai is a Director at Marshalls Energy Company in the Marshall Islands. He is a Ph.D. candidate in Creative Leadership for Innovation and Change from the University of the Virgin Islands, he has an MBA from the University of the South Pacific, and a B.S. in Mechanical Engineering from the University of Hawai‘i. Text GIVE to 17162574187 to support Breaking Green's work lifting up the voices of those protecting forests, defending human rights and exposing false solutions.Support the show

In Part 1, Lee & Paul round up their favourite European football stories – which all have a geography theme. How is fishing village club Mjällby on the cusp of a shock first Swedish title? Why did fellow minnows Bruk-Bet Termalica have to cut down the corn fields around their stadium? Which two Lithuanian teams contested the ‘Centre of Europe' derby at the weekend? And what Belgian club is based on Europe's weirdest international border?In Part 2, it's time for the rest of the world – starting with international debutants the Marshall Islands! Which historic feat was achieved by Madison University economics student Josiah Blanton? Which other player at the Outrigger Challenge Cup works for Disney+ in Denmark? Why did airlines refuse to take Haitian club AS Capoise to the CFU Club Shield in Trinidad & Tobago? And who are the tallest and shortest currently active pro footballers?Please follow us on Instagram: instagram.com/sweeperpodJoin The Sweeper on Patreon: patreon.com/sweeperpodSupport The Sweeper on Buy Me A Coffee: buymeacoffee/sweeperpod“How Mjällby are gatecrashing Sweden's elite” by BBC Sport: https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/articles/crm4wjdr7xpo“I Became a Football Team's ONLY Fan” by Away Days: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZNwvsRKCpCIWorld's oldest professional footballer on playing at 59: 'I won't put limits on myself' by The Guardian: https://www.theguardian.com/football/2025/jun/17/worlds-oldest-professional-footballer-playing-at-59-mykola-lykhovydov-ukraineEditor: Ralph Foster Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

On today's show, we hear about the Marshall Islands national soccer team's first international matches. We also get an update on LEARNS Act Educational Freedom Accounts. Plus, we hear more from a conversation between Ozarks at Large's Matthew Moore and street artist Leon Keer.

A busy Reaction Monday on SDH AM covers the continent- and then some...We look back at the ATLUTD loss in Colorado with highlights as 929TheGame's Abe Gordon stops byWe look back at the ATLUTD2 win in MLS NEXT PRO inching them closer to the playoffsSoccerForUSPod's Bart Keeler looks at cards and calls from the weekend plus looks at ref psychology inside a match andWe look at a special moment for the Marshall islands in Arkansas over the weekend plus all the latest transfer news

After the Marshall Islands match with Turks and Caicos that ended the two matches in the Outrigger Challenge CupMatt Webb, Justin Walley, Josiah Blanton, Dr. Stacey Sidle (mother of two Sidles on the roster), and Lloyd Owers were asked about the moments that led to this weekend in Arkansas and where to go from here...

From Barcelona's stalled signings to the Premier League's new penalty crackdown, today's Morning Espresso is packed with headlines from across the soccer world. Jason dives into La Liga's registration headaches for Barça and Levante, Premier League officiating rule changes discussed by Howard Webb, and key transfer moves as the silly season rolls on. Plus, updates from MLS, USL's big stadium news in Sacramento, Copa Libertadores action, and a historic debut for the Marshall Islands national team.

Our latest Stoppage Time episode reveals the extraordinary efforts of a volunteer team spanning three continents who are determined to ensure the Marshall Islands' place in football history.The urgency is palpable as Woody Watson explains why this initiative matters: "A nation that possibly might not exist in some capacity in 10 years is able to get their first matches played, is able to have something out there that says, yes, we got this done in time." These islands, barely feet above sea level, represent ground zero for climate change impacts.We dive into the story behind the award-winning "No Home Kit" – a brilliant white uniform with portions that appear to have dissolved away, symbolizing the gradual erosion of the Marshall Islands' landmass. This powerful visual metaphor recently earned international recognition in Spain, bringing critical exposure to the Marshall Islands' plight and generating donations for sustainability efforts.Perhaps most remarkable is that this entire initiative runs on passion alone. A team of 20-25 dedicated volunteers across multiple time zones has created something truly impactful without any compensation. From broadcasting specialists donating camera equipment to coaches with international experience, these individuals overcome significant logistical challenges to work together toward a common goal.What starts as a sports development story transforms into something much more profound, a testament to human resilience, global collaboration, and the power of football to shine a light on our planet's most urgent crises. Listen now to discover how the beautiful game is becoming a lifeline for a nation on the brink of disappearing.

Euroseas Ltd. - Strong Q2 & Dividend Boost - Bullish on Feeder/Intermediate Segments Wednesday, August 13, 2025 Featuring: Mr. Aristides Pittas, Chairman & CEO at Euroseas Ltd. (NASDAQ: ESEA) Mr. Nicolas Bornozis, President at Capital Link In this Capital Link Trending News webinar discussion, Euroseas Ltd.'s Chairman and CEO Aristides Pittas reported strong Q2 profits of $30 million and announced a dividend increase to $0.70 per share, expressing confidence in container shipping market conditions despite potential risks from economic slowdowns and the eventual reopening of the Suez Canal. The company aims to maintain a stable dividend yield above 5% while reserving capital for growth opportunities, having secured longer-term charters of 2-4 years to ensure steady profits. Mr. Pittas also highlighted the company's ESG initiatives focusing on fleet modernization with more fuel-efficient ships and mentioned his involvement with HELMEPA to protect seas and educate Greek schools. About ESEA - Euroseas Ltd. was formed on May 5, 2005 under the laws of the Republic of the Marshall Islands to consolidate the ship owning interests of the Pittas family of Athens, Greece, which has been in the shipping business over the past 140 years. Euroseas trades on the NASDAQ Capital Market under the ticker ESEA. Euroseas operates in the container shipping market. Euroseas' operations are managed by Eurobulk Ltd., an ISO 9001:2008 and ISO 14001:2004 certified affiliated ship management company, which is responsible for the day-to-day commercial and technical management and operations of the vessels. Euroseas employs its vessels on spot and period charters and through pool arrangements. The Company has a fleet of 22 vessels, including 15 Feeder containerships and 7 Intermediate containerships. Euroseas 22 containerships have a cargo capacity of 67,494 teu. After the delivery of two feeder containership newbuildings in the fourth quarter of 2027, Euroseas’ fleet will consist of 24 vessels with a total carrying capacity of 76,094 teu. For more information visit: www.euroseas.gr Capital Link Trending News Webinar Series This Webinar Series features interviews and discussions with senior management elaborating on recent company news and announcements, and market trends. For more episodes please visit here: https://capitallinkshipping.com/trending-news/

Star Bulk Carriers Corp - Focusing on Shareholder Returns and Fleet Upgrades Tuesday, August 12, 2025 Featuring: Mr. Hamish Norton, President of Star Bulk Carriers Corp. (NASDAQ: SBLK) Mr. Nicolas Bornozis, President of Capital Link In this episode, Star Bulk Carriers' President Hamish Norton discusses the company's fleet management strategy, including recent vessel sales and upgrades aimed at improving fuel efficiency through advanced technology installations. In outlining the company's capital return policy, Mr. Norton emphasizes their preference for share buybacks when profitable while maintaining flexibility based on market conditions and shareholder preferences. The discussion concludes with an analysis of current dry bulk market conditions, including regional imbalances and seasonal trade patterns, along with considerations of supply-side constraints and potential market drivers through 2026. About SBLK - Star Bulk is a global shipping company providing worldwide seaborne transportation solutions in the dry bulk sector. Star Bulk’s vessels transport major bulks, which include iron ore, minerals, and grain, and minor bulks, which include bauxite, fertilizers, and steel products. Star Bulk was incorporated in the Marshall Islands on December 13, 2006, and maintains executive offices in Athens, New York, Stamford, and Singapore. Its common stock trades on the Nasdaq Global Select Market under the symbol “SBLK”. On a fully delivered basis and as adjusted for the delivery of a) the vessels agreed to be sold and b) the five firm Kamsarmax vessels currently under construction, Star Bulk owns a fleet of 142 vessels, with an aggregate capacity of 14.2 million dwt consisting of 17 Newcastlemax, 15 Capesize, 1 Mini Capesize, 7 Post Panamax, 42 Kamsarmax, 1 Panamax, 48 Ultramax, and 11 Supramax vessels with carrying capacities between 55,569 dwt and 209,537 dwt. In addition, in November 2021, Star Bulk took delivery of the Capesize vessel Star Shibumi, under a seven-year charter-in arrangement, and in 2024, Star Bulk took delivery of the vessels Star Voyager, Star Explorer, Stargazer, Star Earendel, Star Illusion, and Star Thetis, each subject to a seven-year charter-in arrangement. For more information visit: www.starbulk.com Capital Link Trending News Webinar Series - This Webinar Series features interviews and discussions with senior management elaborating on recent company news and announcements, and market trends. For more episodes please visit here: https://capitallinkshipping.com/trending-news/

Comprehensive coverage of the day's news with a focus on war and peace; social, environmental and economic justice. Congressional district map Palestinians fearful of Israel plans to take over Gaza City as part of escalation to take over nearly entire Gaza Strip; Newsom, Pelosi join Texas dems in Sacramento as governor plans November ballot measure to counter TX redistricting; Trump hosts leaders of Armenia, Azerbaijan for signing of peace agreement creating “Trump Route for International Peace and Prosperity”; Israel planning to take over Gaza City, world leaders call it dangerous escalation; Historic Golden Rule Anti-Nuclear sailboat visits SF Bay with warning about Gaza genocide, 6 decades after sailing into Marshall Islands to halt US nuke testing; Saturday August 9 is “International Day of the World's Indigenous Peoples”, and 80th anniversary of atomic bombing of Nagasaki The post Palestinians fear Israeli plans to take over Gaza City as part of escalation; Newsom, Pelosi join Texas dems in Sacramento as redistricting battle heats up – August 8, 2025 appeared first on KPFA.

GB2RS News Sunday, the 10th of August 2025 The news headlines: Three fantastic workshops have been announced for the RSGB Convention The RSGB National Radio Centre has won a prestigious award Ensure that Ofcom has your correct contact details Discover new skills at this year's RSGB Convention in October by securing your place in one, or all three, of the workshops that will be taking place. On Friday, the 10th of October, the RSGB is giving you the opportunity to build on the basics of Arduino programming with a six-hour workshop that will cover programming Direct Digital Synthesis for RF generation. This session will also include how to use generative AI tools such as ChatGPT to write software. You are welcome to book this workshop even if you're not able to attend the whole Convention this year. If programming is new to you, then Saturday's two-hour workshop is a great place to get started. This session will introduce you to microcontroller unit programming through a short presentation followed by practical exercises. Alternatively, on Sunday, you can book into a two-hour antenna building workshop that will guide you through the process of constructing a 49:1 balun for use in a QRP end-fed long-wire antenna. Spaces for the workshops are limited, and pre-booking is essential. The workshops are subsidised by the RSGB Legacy Funds, and every attendee will also receive a £5 RSGB book voucher. Find out more and guarantee your place by going to rsgb.org/convention  and selecting ‘Workshops' from the right-hand menu. Book your Convention tickets using the same link. Early-bird pricing closes tomorrow, Monday, the 11th of August, so ensure you book now to get the best available price. The Society is proud to announce that the RSGB National Radio Centre has been recognised in Tripadvisor's Travellers' Choice Awards for 2025. Winners of this award are among the top 10% of listings around the world on Tripadvisor. The award is based on genuine feedback from anyone in the community who has visited and left an authentic, first-hand review on Tripadvisor over 12 months. The award reflects the passion and dedication of the RSGB's volunteers, and the fantastic role they play in promoting amateur radio. Start planning your visit to the NRC by going to rsgb.org/nrc. If you're an RSGB member, download your free entry voucher at rsgb.org/bpvoucher The RSGB is encouraging radio amateurs to check that their contact details registered with Ofcom are up to date. As well as confirming your home address and email address are correct, you can also select your communication preferences. Ofcom will use these details to contact radio amateurs about the implementation of phases two and three of its planned updates to the amateur radio licensing framework. This stage will include changes to new intermediate callsigns and rules for Special Event Stations. Find out more about licensing in the UK via rsgb.org/licensing Peter Duffett-Smith, GM3XJE, is retiring as the Editor of RadCom Plus. Peter is staying on in the role of RadCom Technical Editor, which has been keeping him very busy for the last few years. If you are interested in applying for the role of RadCom Plus Editor, please email radcom@rsgb.org.uk International Lighthouse and Lightship Weekend will run from 0001UTC on Saturday, the 16th, to 2400UTC on Sunday, the 17th of August. The event usually attracts more than 500 lighthouse entries located in over 40 countries. To register for the event and view a list of participating stations, visit illw.net The Thirteenth Scottish Microwave Round Table GMRT will take place at the Museum of Communication in Burntisland, Fife, Scotland, on Saturday, the 1st of November, from 10.30 am to 5 pm. An interesting programme of speakers has been arranged, and microwave test facilities will be provided. There will be an opportunity to buy components and microwave-related items. An optional dinner will be held in the evening at a local hotel. Further information and online registration is available at gmroundtable.org.uk. The event has a maximum capacity of 50 people, and over 20% of the tickets are already sold. So, book now to avoid disappointment.  Please send details of all your news and events to radcom@rsgb.org.uk. The deadline for submissions is 10 am on Thursdays before the Sunday broadcast each week.  And now for details of rallies and events Flight Refuelling Amateur Radio Society Hamfest is taking place today, the 10th, at Cobham Sports and Social Club Ground, Merley, near Wimborne, Dorset. The doors are open from 9 am to 4 pm. Admission, which includes parking, is £5. Talk-in is on 145.550MHz. For more information, visit frars.co.uk/hamfest-2025 Also today, the 10th, the Rugby Amateur Transmitting Society Annual Radio Rally is taking place at Princethorpe College, Princethorpe, Rugby, CV23 9PY. More information is available at rugbyats.co.uk On Sunday, the 17th, Finningley Amateur Radio Society Rally will begin at 10 am. The details are available at g0ghk.com Also on Sunday, the 17th, the West Manchester Radio Club Red Rose Summer Rally is taking place at Mather Hall, Mather Lane, Leigh, WN7 2PJ. The doors open at 10 am. More information is available by following the ‘Red Rose Rally' tab at wmrc.co.uk Now the Special Event news Special event station GB1HAF will be active on Saturday, the 16th of Augus,t in support of SSAFA, the Armed Forces Charity. Operators will be working on the 40m, 20m, 10m, 2m and 70cm bands using SSB and, possibly, data modes and CW. The East Midlands Electronics and Radio Group will be on the air to celebrate the 80th anniversary of VJ Day between the 15th and 17th of August. Using the callsign GB1BK, the Group will operate from the former RAF Binbrook, Lincolnshire. Operators expect to be available on the 40 and 20m bands using SSB. They will also be working on the 2m band using FM. If you hear them, give them a call. Now the DX news Don, KW7R, is active as V73KW from the Marshall Islands. He is there on a work assignment until September 2025. In his spare time, he operates CW and FT8 on various bands. QSL via Logbook of the World. George, VU2DGR, is active as AT44I from the Bharati Research Station. He is a member of the 44th Indian Scientific Expedition to Antarctica. The station was heard recently on the 20m band using SSB. QSL via George's home call. Now the contest news The Worked All Europe DX CW Contest started at 0000 UTC on Saturday, the 9th and ends at 2359 UTC today, Sunday, the 10th of August. Using CW on the 80 to 10m bands, where contests are permitted, the exchange is signal report and serial number. The RSGB Machine Generated Modes Contest started at 1400 UTC on Saturday, the 9th, and ends at 1400 UTC today, Sunday, the 10th of August. Using machine-generated modes on the 6 and 2m bands, the exchange is your report and four-character locator. On Tuesday, the 12th, the RSGB 432MHz FM Activity Contest runs from 1800 to 1855 UTC. Using FM on the 70cm band, the exchange is signal report, serial number and locator. Also, on Tuesday the 12th, the RSGB 432MHz UK Activity Contest runs from 1900 to 2130 UTC. Using all modes on the 70cm band, the exchange is signal report, serial number and locator. On Wednesday the 13th, the RSGB 432MHz FT8 Activity four-hour Contest runs from 1700 to 2100 UTC. Using FT8 on the 70cm band, the exchange is a report and a four-character locator. Also, on Wednesday the 13th, the 432MHz FT8 Activity two-hour Contest runs from 1900 to 2100 UTC. Using FT8 on the 70cm band, the exchange is a report and a four-character locator. Stations entering the four-hour contest may also enter the two-hour contest. On Thursday, the 14th, the RSGB 50MHz UK Activity Contest runs from 1900 to 2130 UTC. Using all modes on the 6m band, the exchange is a report and four-character locator. Now the radio propagation report, compiled by G0KYA, G3YLA and G4BAO on Thursday the 7th of August Over the last week, we had nearly ideal solar conditions for HF propagation. These included low geomagnetic indices and a reasonable solar flux index, hovering around the 150 mark. Other solar events of note included six M-class solar flares. The only stumbling block is the time of year, with summer seeing lower maximum usable frequencies, or MUFs, and poorer propagation due to changes in ionospheric chemistry. We will have to wait another month or so to see conditions pick up. The main HF DX this week has been T30TTT from Western Kiribati, mainly on FT8 and CW and focusing on the 20 and 17m bands. TJ1GD from Cameroon was worked on the 17m band using FT8. E51KEE on the South Cook Islands was logged on the 17 and 15m bands using CW. And finally, AH6KO in Hawaii was worked on the 15m band using CW. But this may all be set to change. A coronal mass ejection observed on Tuesday, the 5th, may deliver a glancing blow to the Earth's geomagnetic field. This may also coincide with an expected high-speed stream from a very large coronal hole on the Sun's surface. NOAA predicts that the Kp index could rise to 5 or 6. The hole is so large and elongated that we could see unsettled conditions occurring in the coming week. NOAA predicts unsettled geomagnetic conditions from the 11th to the 14th of August. It also predicts more unsettled conditions from the 18th to the 22nd, with a maximum Kp index of 5. Expect reduced MUFs and poor HF conditions, especially for paths over the poles. And now the VHF and up propagation news from G3YLA and G4BAO The main setting for the weather pattern over the next week is a tendency for high pressure in the south and lower pressure to the north of Britain. There may be some input from a low over France around the middle of the week. This might introduce some thundery showers and a chance of rain scatter on the GHz bands. Meanwhile, occasional weak frontal systems will bring patchy rain to the far northwest, but probably not so good for rain scatter opportunities. The Tropo at this time of year can be very good around the coasts and occasionally inland overnight. However, it tends to weaken inland during the heating of the day. Out at sea, temperatures remain fairly constant and maintain an ideal cool, moist layer at the sea surface overlain by a layer of warm, dry air from the land. This provides Tropo 24 hours a day, seven days a week. Mid-August is good for meteor scatter with the peak of the Perseids on the Tuesday night of the 12th and 13th. Apart from digital-mode QSOs, it's good for late summer evening sky watching. It is fascinating to listen to the VHF SSB meteor scatter frequencies while watching to get the full experience. It's a broad shower, so don't worry if you must pick a night either side of the peak. The chances of an aurora are not zero, with further minor alerts to remind us that it's worth checking. The main mode for DX is probably still going to be Sporadic-E, which has roughly another four weeks to run. Don't expect something every day, as it tends to become more random towards the latter part of the season. Moon declination is negative, but rising again, so Moon window lengths and peak elevation will increase. Path losses are also falling, reaching a minimum at perigee on Thursday, the 14th of August. 144MHz sky noise is low to moderate all next week. And that's all from the propagation team this week.

The beautiful game of soccer has reached nearly every corner of the globe, but until now, one nation has remained on the sidelines. The Marshall Islands stands as the last UN-recognized country never to have played a match, a distinction about to change thanks to an extraordinary grassroots effort with surprising ties to Northwest Arkansas.Woody Watson, VP of North American Operations for the Marshall Islands Soccer Federation, shares the remarkable journey that began when his wife discovered an AP article about UK-based soccer enthusiasts working to bring the sport to the Marshall Islands. What caught Watson's attention was the connection to his new home in Northwest Arkansas. Springdale hosts the largest Marshallese population outside the Pacific, a community established when islanders relocated for employment opportunities following nuclear testing in their homeland. The federation has developed multiple initiatives beyond the men's national team, including women's programs, youth development, and coach education. But what makes their story particularly compelling is the urgency behind their mission. With many Marshall Islands atolls sitting just feet above sea level, rising oceans threaten the very existence of the nation. Their award-winning "No Home Kit" campaign, featuring a white jersey with portions dissolved away to symbolize their eroding homeland, uses soccer as a platform to raise awareness about climate change.The upcoming Outrigger Cup represents more than just the Marshall Islands' sporting debut; it's a race against time to establish a national soccer identity before climate change potentially alters their homeland forever. As Watson poignantly notes, they're "expediting this program because a nation that possibly might not exist in some capacity in 10 years is able to get their first match played." Through the dedication of volunteers working across multiple time zones, this small Pacific nation is about to make sporting history while highlighting one of our planet's most pressing challenges.

From coral reefs and mangroves to raising the land itself, how small island nations are using natural and innovative techniques to adapt to rising sea levels and extreme weather events linked to climate change. Jordan Dunbar chats to Tina Stege, climate envoy for the Republic of the Marshall Islands, and Dr. Rosanne Martyr, senior scientist on coastal vulnerability and adaptation, Climate Analytics. Plus, Anna Holligan, the BBC's correspondent in The Hague, has the latest on a landmark climate case brought by Pacific Islanders at the International Court of Justice.Got a comment or a question you'd like us to answer? Send an email to: TheClimateQuestion@bbc.com or whatsapp us on +44 8000 321 721 Presenter: Jordan Dunbar Producer: Diane Richardson Production Co-Ordinator: Brenda Brown Sound Engineers: Tom Brignell, Rohan Madison and Frank McWeeny Editor: Simon Watts

“An Existential Problem of Planetary Proportions”International Court of Justice President Yuji Iwasawa just delivered a landmark advisory opinion on climate change and human rights - one that could transform global climate action and accountability.A dancing and crying Christiana Figueres is joined by Tom Rivett-Carnac and Paul Dickinson, to react in real-time, and speak with two of the lawyers who helped make it happen. Fresh from the courtroom, Julian Aguon, the indigenous human rights lawyer who represented Pacific nations, and Jennifer Robinson, barrister for Vanuatu and the Marshall Islands, bring their raw, unfiltered reactions to this history-making ruling (before heading off to celebrate).As governments, legal teams, and corporate leaders worldwide scramble to interpret its implications, we have everything you need to know about what just happened in The Hague.The ICJ's unanimous opinion states:Climate action is now a legal duty: States are obligated under international law to prevent dangerous climate change.1.5°C has legal weight: States must pursue their “highest possible ambition” in their Nationally Determined Contributions and ensure collective measures can limit warming to 1.5°C.Failure to act is unlawful: Granting fossil fuel licenses, providing subsidies, or failing to regulate emissions may constitute an internationally wrongful act.Reparations are possible: Countries could be required to compensate or remedy the damage caused by their emissions - anywhere in the world.Could this be the legal tipping point that forces governments to act? Across capitals and boardrooms, the conversations have already started - and what happens next could reshape how nations and companies are held to account. Listen in and join us as this story unfolds.Learn more Listen back to our two previous episodes that explore the background to this case:

Send us a textThe sacrifice of a young Marine from Ogden takes center stage as we explore the life and service of Private First Class Neil Frank Dudman. Born in 1923 as the youngest of eleven children, Neil's early years were marked by hardship when his father died suddenly in 1930, leaving his mother to raise their large family during the Great Depression.After graduating from Ogden High School in 1941, Neil answered his country's call by enlisting in the Marine Corps in September 1942 as part of the 3rd Mormon Battalion—a special unit of young LDS men from Utah. His courage was evident from the start as he trained as a Marine Raider (similar to today's Special Forces) and volunteered for the perilous role of combat runner, delivering crucial messages between units while exposed to enemy fire.Neil's wartime journey took him across the Pacific as part of America's island-hopping strategy. He fought bravely in the Battle of Kwajalein in the Marshall Islands in early 1944, where American forces captured their first pre-war Japanese territory. Just months later, on June 19, 1944, PFC Dudman made the ultimate sacrifice during the brutal Battle of Saipan—a strategic operation that would bring American bombers within range of the Japanese mainland but cost thousands of American, Japanese, and civilian lives.His story embodies the courage and sacrifice of Weber County's Greatest Generation—ordinary young men who performed extraordinary acts of bravery when their country needed them most. Originally buried in the Pacific, Neil's remains were later returned to Ogden Cemetery, where his headstone simply but powerfully states: "Gave his life in combat with the US Marines." Join us as we honor his memory and ensure that the sacrifices of hometown heroes like Neil Dudman are never forgotten.

On today's show, we hear how the last nation on the planet to have a national soccer team is gearing up for its debut in northwest Arkansas. Plus, preparations for the Great Arkansas Firefly Hunt. Also, this week's news in the River Valley with Michael Tilley from Talk Business and Politics.

A newsy Tuesday Thoughts on SDH AMTechnical Director (and head coach) Lloyd Owers drops by to talk about the latest involving the Marshall Islands National team and the 11v11 cup a month away in Arkansas- the first-ever match for the federationWe go over the weekend in MLS and the transfer news of the AMHour 2 has AppleTV's Jessica Charman looking at the Chicago-San Diego match and previewing the Fire as they get ready for ATLUTDWe also go over the latest ATLUTD news involving transfers, rosters, and practice in the midweek

Marshall Islands Soccer Federation Technical Director (and now head coach) Lloyd Owers visits SDH AM to update everyone on where the MISF stands as they're a month away from their first 11v11 contests in Arkansas at the Outrigger Challenge Cup

Hi, I'm John Sorensen, President of Evangelism Explosion International, and you're listening to Share Life Today. I'm excited this week to continue telling you more about what God is doing around the globe. And Oceania is our spotlight! In the ministry of Evangelism Explosion, we have seven key nations that span almost four thousand miles each way across the Pacific...and they help disciple Christians all across this vast continent! From New Zealand to the Marshall Islands, Papua New Guinea to the Cook Islands, and everywhere in between, Oceania is a large area to cover. And yet, the Gospel is going forth! Our Vice President of Oceania, Anne Bowie, shared with us recently that they have never experienced a better year in the ministry or more exciting time to be a Christian in Oceania. And this is because they are seeing young leaders being raised as disciple-makers in the church and more people than ever are making professions of faith in Jesus. To learn how you, too, can share your faith, visit sharelife.today.

From the files of Delise & Hall, The Diver's AttorneysDelise & Hall is a New Orleans, Louisiana, based law firm with offices in New Orleans and Covington and associate attorneys nationwide. Our firm concentrates in the representation of an international clientele of commercial divers, public safety divers, technical divers and recreational divers and their families in all areas of maritime and admiralty law. For over a quarter of a century Delise & Hall has represented American and international clients from the Gulf of Mexico to the Gulf of Cadiz, and from the British Isles to the Marshall Islands in maritime matters concerning the Jones Act, products liability, personal injury and wrongful death litigation as well as treasure/salvage law. Consultations are also available in matters concerning marine insurance and vessel documentation.Article Link:https://divelawyer.com/proven-case-results/public-safety-diver-killed-during-training-training-negligence-inappropriate-rescue/Website:https://divelawyer.com/

This summer, NASA is launching rockets into some mysterious clouds.

In the Marshall Islands, a baby turning one is a big celebration. It's known as the kemem. The occasion is usually marked with a big gathering with lots of food and entertainment, perhaps a live band or a DJ along with traditional singing. There can be themes, rides and t-shirts bearing the baby's face plus gifts for all the guests. But this tradition comes from an important place. Sistas, Let's Talk learns about the customs and history when it comes to the kemem as well as post-partum practices of Marshallese women.   This week's episode of Sistas, Let's Talk is a repeat of the show broadcast on 12th October 2023

In Episode 53 of Redefining Energy TECH, Host Michael Barnard speaks with Tristan Smith, a prominent expert in maritime decarbonization and professor at the University College London Energy Institute. Tristan shares his insights, beginning with an overview of maritime shipping, which accounts for approximately 1 gigaton of CO₂ equivalent annually, making it responsible for about 2-3% of global emissions. Crucially, the regulatory oversight for these emissions sits largely with the International Maritime Organization (IMO) due to the nature of international shipping occurring beyond national jurisdictions.Our conversation moves through the historical context of the IMO, tracing its evolution from a safety standards body established post-Titanic disaster to an organization now deeply involved in global climate policy. Historically, the IMO faced significant challenges in progressing climate regulations due to entrenched disagreements between developed and developing countries around responsibilities. The Paris Agreement in 2015, alongside persistent advocacy from smaller nations like the Marshall Islands, notably shifted this dynamic, leading to the adoption of the IMO's initial climate strategy in 2018.We delve into recent regulatory developments, including the unprecedented IMO vote initiated by Saudi Arabia, resulting in a decisive 63-to-16 vote (with around 29 abstentions) mandating progressive reductions in greenhouse gas intensity for ships over the next 25 years. The regulation sets clear fines for non-compliance—$380 per ton for exceeding the highest threshold and $100 per ton for mid-level breaches—ultimately requiring ships to achieve a 65% reduction in emissions intensity by 2040.The discussion highlights the role of Emissions Control Areas (ECAs), established initially to curb SOx and NOx emissions in sensitive regions like the Baltic Sea, North Sea, and North America, effectively serving as early tests for broader international regulations. Additionally, we critically examine LNG's journey from a touted solution for reducing SOx and NOx emissions to its complicated position as a potential climate liability due to significant methane emissions both onboard and upstream. Norway's influential promotion of LNG and subsequent studies, such as those by the International Council on Clean Transportation, underline these complexities. Finally, Tristan emphasizes the future challenges facing maritime decarbonization, notably the risk of technological lock-in with LNG and the powerful role of the oil and gas industry within the maritime sector. We also explore the shifting political landscape as global fossil fuel transportation—currently 40% of maritime tonnage along with another declining 15% for raw iron ore—faces inevitable structural declines, promising profound implications for industry dynamics and global decarbonization efforts.

This is the VIC 4 VETS, Honored Veteran, during Veterans Month in America. SUBMITTED BY: Kevin aka Ed Stoit _____________________________________________________________ My Father Master Sergeant Albert Nowak - US Army Served at Fort Knox during the Korean Conflict Trained on Tanks Thankfully he was kept Stateside by a 4 Star General who made him his Assistant because my Dad knew how to type. He was in a Tank during a training exercise when someone in his Tank was killed when it fired and the recoil hit him. My Dad opened up late in life, that he was thankful that the General saved him, but emotionally he was upset for years for those that did die in battle or training. My Father in Law Private First Class Jack Benson - US Army He served in the Marshall Islands during Nuclear testing etc. He lied about his age to join the Army. Although he never attained a higher rank, he served. I don’t know anything more about his service. He never told my wife or me much of anything. ________________________________________________________________ This is today’s VIC 4 VETS, Honored Veteran, during Veterans Month in America on NewsTalkSTL. With support from our friends at: DG FIREARMS - PATRIOT HEATING AND COOLING - BEST BUY FLOORINGSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Good afternoon, I'm _____ with today's episode of EZ News. Tai-Ex opening The Tai-Ex opened up 78-points this morning from yesterday's close, at 21,696 on turnover of $6.5-billion N-T. Taiwan and Marshall Islands sign security pact amid growing hybrid threats Taiwan and the Marshall Islands has signed security pact - that both sides say will pave the way for the deepening of a security partnership amid growing hybrid threats in the region. The letter of intent was signed by National Security Bureau head Tsai Ming-yen and the Marshall Island's top diplomat, Kalani Kan-eko. Kaneko is part of a delegation being led by Marshall Islands President Hilda Heine that is visiting Taiwan this week. According to the National Security Bureau, the pact aims to help the Pacific island state enhance its security through collaborations in areas such as "maritime domain awareness, cybersecurity and countering foreign malign (惡意的;) influence." The Ministry of Foreign Affairs says the Marshall Islands' delegation is visiting Taiwan until Saturday. Food courier companies face fine of US$6.67 million for order contamination The Food and Drug Administration says food courier companies could face fines if their employees smoke, fail to keep the food items securely packaged, or demonstrate other behavior that could contaminate the orders. The statement comes after the F-D-A formally implemented (實施) revisions to the Regulations on Good Hygiene Practices for Food. According to the revisions, delivery containers must be sealed and insulated. Before delivering food, equipment should be inspected to ensure cleanliness and hygiene. While during transportation, the food must be fully wrapped, with measures in place to prevent contamination and avoid drastic temperature fluctuations. The F-D-A says companies found to be in violation of the regulations face fines of between 60,000 and 200-million N-T. NKorea Promises Unconditional Support for Russia's War Against Ukraine North Korea says that leader Kim Jong Un told a top Russian official that his country will “unconditionally support” Russia's war against Ukraine. The official Korean Central News Agency says Kim made the remarks (發言) during a meeting with Russian Security Council Secretary Sergei Shoigu. The agency says the two discussed how to solidify strategic partnership between North Korea and Russia and reached a consensus on the Ukraine issue and other unspecified international situations. In April, the two countries confirmed North Korean soldiers were fighting alongside Russian forces to repel a Ukrainian incursion into Russia's Kursk border region. Trump Ends Policy Requiring Emergency Abortions if Mother's Life is in Danger The Trump administration has ended a policy that requires hospitals to perform emergency abortions if the mother's health is in danger…even in states where the procedure is banned. Nineteen states have either banned or restricted (限制) abortions since Roe v. Wade was overturned in 2022. Toni Waterman has more. Germany WWII Bombs Defused Atter Evac Three unexploded U.S. bombs from World War II were defused on Wednesday in Cologne after the German city's biggest evacuation since the end of the war. More than 20,000 residents were evacuated from the city center earlier Wednesday after the bombs were unearthed on Monday during preparatory (準備性的) work for road construction. City authorities say experts defused the bombs within about an hour. Even 80 years after the end of the war, unexploded bombs dropped during wartime air raids are frequently (常常) found in Germany. That was the I.C.R.T. EZ News, I'm _____. －－－－以下訊息由 SoundOn 動態廣告贊助商提供－－－－ 新鮮事、新奇事、新故事《一銀陪你聊“新”事》 第一銀行打造公股銀行首創ESG Podcast頻道上線啦 由知名主持人阿Ken與多位名人來賓進行對談 邀請您一起落實永續發展 讓永續未來不再只是想像 各大收聽平台搜尋：ㄧ銀陪你聊新事 https://sofm.pse.is/7qk793 -- 打造綠能與AI科技的示範驗證場域，串聯嘉義、南科、高雄及屏東等園區，大南方智慧轉型的關鍵樞紐，歡迎一同探索沙崙智慧綠能科學城，共創智慧未來！ 參訪進駐資訊請至 https://sofm.pse.is/7qmrva 網站查詢 經濟部能源署/臺南市政府經濟發展局(廣告) -- Hosting provided by SoundOn

In this episode, hosts Ray Powell and Jim Carouso sit down with Cleo Paskal, a leading Indo-Pacific analyst and non-resident senior fellow at the Foundation for the Defense of Democracies, to unpack the growing threat of China's gray zone influence in the Pacific Islands and why it matters for the United States and its allies.Paskal explains the strategic significance of the Pacific Islands, which include U.S. territories and the three Compact of Free Association states—Palau, the Marshall Islands, and the Federated States of Micronesia. These islands serve as America's “gateway to Asia,” enabling military access and power projection across the Pacific to key allies like Japan and Taiwan. Historically, whoever controls these islands can threaten the U.S. mainland and dominate Pacific trade routes—a reality recognized since the days of President McKinley and the Spanish-American War.Cleo prefers the Filipino term “ICAD” (Illegal, Coercive, Aggressive, and Deceptive) over “gray zone” to describe China's activities. She details how Beijing uses a “braided” approach that combines commercial investments, strategic infrastructure, and criminal enterprises. Chinese-linked businesses often promise development but end up facilitating elite capture, corruption, and even state capture, while most of the population sees little benefit. Activities include:Bribery and elite capture of local officialsStrategic port and real estate acquisitions near sensitive military sitesCriminal networks trafficking drugs, gambling, and human traffickingPolitical interference, media manipulation, and lawfare against local oppositionThe podcast explores how China's influx of money and promises of quick infrastructure projects are hard for small island economies to resist—especially when Western aid is slow, bureaucratic, or absent. However, Cleo notes that Chinese economic engagement often benefits only a narrow elite and can leave countries worse off, both economically and environmentally. She argues that the West, especially the U.S., must offer meaningful economic alternatives and support for good governance, not just military or diplomatic engagement.Despite U.S. political polarization, Cleo notes that support for the Pacific Islands remains bipartisan, especially regarding the renewal of the Compacts of Free Association. She also stresses that Pacific Islanders view the U.S. differently from former colonial powers, seeing America as a beacon of liberty and democracy—an image China is actively trying to undermine through narrative warfare.This episode makes clear that the Pacific Islands are not just remote dots on the map but are central to U.S. security, the rules-based order, and the future of the Indo-Pacific. China's gray zone campaign is a sophisticated, multi-layered threat that demands urgent, coordinated action from the U.S. and its allies—combining hard security, economic opportunity, and support for local agency and resilience.Follow our podcast on X, @IndoPacPodcast; or on LinkedIn or BlueSkySponsored by BowerGroupAsia

Jon Nelson takes you through some of the best interviews on SDH AM this past week. Hear from Chicago Fire radio commentator Max Anderson, MLS TV host and legend Osvaldo Alonso, and Marshall Islands Technical Director Lloyd Owens.

Tuesday Thoughts go worldwide on SDH AMLloyd Owers, Technical Director for the Marshall Islands Soccr Federation, visits from England to break down the news about the successful Kickstarter campaign to have an 11v11 tournament in Arkansas in the late summerWe also look at the week that was in MLS, preview Open Cup for tonight, and go through the AM news to start your day from overseas

Lloyd Owers, Technical Director for the Marshall Islands Soccr Federation, visits from England to break down the news about the successful Kickstarter campaign to have an 11v11 tournament in Arkansas in the late summer

Supposedly true tales this week from Dan include a story about  an elderly widow living alone in the early 1980s and her visitors. Then, we'll bounce around the world to a number of so-called “phantom islands.” Can an island discovered by numerous explorers inexplicably just disappear? And, if so, what does that mean? Then, Lynze brings us three tales in a death sandwich of stories, if you will. Her first is sweet and sad and gives us hope for a connection to our deceased loved ones. Then, a home is not haunted until it is- did a fire wake up a ghost? Lastly, the grim reaper or the man in black comes for an old man. Monthly Patreon Donation: This month we are donating $11,620 to Farm Rescue, which is the only nonprofit organization of its kind providing farm and ranch families with the operational support they need in times of crisis. Farm Rescue sees a world where family farms and ranches thrive for generations to come. Big thanks to fan, Michaela for sharing this with us. While neither of us come directly from ranch or farm families, we do have extended family that currently or previously were members of this community. regardless of that connection, we love to be able support any organization that offers those in need help. I don't know what it takes to put food on my table but I sure know how grateful I am for those who do. Learn more by visiting https://farmrescue.org. We will also be adding $1290 to the scholarship fund! LIVE EXPERIENCES If you'd like to see us perform live this year, visit badmagicproductions.com for our annual summer camp or crimewaveatsea.com/scared for a spoopy cruise this fall! Thank you for continuing to send in your stories, Creeps and Peepers!Please keep doing so!!Send them to mystory@scaredtodeathpodcast.comSend everything else to info@scaredtodeathpodcast.comWant to be a Patron? Get episodes AD-FREE, listen and watch before they are released to anyone else, bonus episodes, a 20% merch discount, additional content, and more! Learn more by visiting: https://www.patreon.com/scaredtodeathpodcast.Please rate, review, and subscribe anywhere you listen.Thank you for listening!Follow the show on social media: @scaredtodeathpodcast on Facebook and IG and TTWebsite: https://www.badmagicproductions.com/Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/scaredtodeathpodcastInstagram: https://bit.ly/2miPLf5Mailing Address:Scared to Deathc/o Timesuck PodcastPO Box 3891Coeur d'Alene, ID 83816Opening Sumerian protection spell (adapted):"Whether thou art a ghost that hath come from the earth, or a phantom of night that hath no home… or one that lieth dead in the desert… or a ghost unburied… or a demon or a ghoul… Whatever thou be until thou art removed… thou shalt find here no water to drink… Thou shalt not stretch forth thy hand to our own… Into our house enter thou not. Through our fence, breakthrough thou not… we are protected though we may be frightened. Our life you may not steal, though we may feel SCARED TO DEATH."

Agrologist Cory Davis joins me to unpack the environmental toll of animal agriculture—and the enormous potential of plant-based food systems to reduce emissions, reclaim land, and restore ecosystems. Cory brings a systems-level perspective that blends science, ethics, and practical solutions. He also does some serious myth-busting about “sustainable” local meat and “regenerative grazing”. Whether you're a climate advocate or curious about food's environmental impact, this episode will challenge what you thought you knew about sustainable eating. Cory is a licensed professional agrologist with over 10 years of experience in natural resource and environmental management. He is a co-author of “Plant-Powered Protein: Nutrition Essentials and Dietary Guidelines for All Ages” along with Vesanto Melina and Brenda Davis, where he breaks down the environmental impacts of different protein choices. He also recently coauthored a paper in the Annals of Medicine titled "Health Disparities and Climate Change in the Marshall Islands".

Emma Dewhurst, Senior Program and Research Associate at the de Beaumont Foundation, tells us why public health and business partnerships are still rare; Edlen Anzures, Acting Deputy Secretary for the Ministry of Health and Human Services in the Republic of the Marshall Islands, explains why PHIG funding is needed to upgrade technology in the island areas; an ASTHO toolkit can help your agency improve access to critical medications.; and ASTHO's PH-HERO Workforce Resource Center is your place to find tools, recommendations and more to help you help your workforce. Journal of Public Health Management and Practice Article: How Business and Public Health Can Work Better Together ASTHO Web Page: Improving Access to Critical Medications – A Policy Toolkit for Health Agency Program Leadership ASTHO Web Page: PH-HERO Workforce Resource Center  

Emma Dewhurst, Senior Program and Research Associate at the de Beaumont Foundation, tells us why public health and business partnerships are still rare; Edlen Anzures, Acting Deputy Secretary for the Ministry of Health and Human Services in the Republic of the Marshall Islands, explains why PHIG funding is needed to upgrade technology in the island areas; an ASTHO toolkit can help your agency improve access to critical medications.; and ASTHO's PH-HERO Workforce Resource Center is your place to find tools, recommendations and more to help you help your workforce. Journal of Public Health Management and Practice Article: How Business and Public Health Can Work Better Together ASTHO Web Page: Improving Access to Critical Medications – A Policy Toolkit for Health Agency Program Leadership ASTHO Web Page: PH-HERO Workforce Resource Center  

It's as Fully Loaded an SDH AM as we've hadWe start with a Sporting JAX update with new Head of Soccer Mark Warburton and President/CEO Steve Livingstone We look at what attracted Warburton to the First Coast and what the expectations are on the field and off for the expansion franchiseMatt Webb gives a Marshall Islands update and the Kickstarter campaign for August's CupHour 2 is Nino, Niko, Maddie, and Tyler Terens on everything CONMEBOL and MLS 

Jimbo welcomes Daniel Storey, Tom Williams and Seb Stafford-Bloor into the pod after an incredible weekend of international action.Germany throw away a 3-0 lead against Italy but still earn the right to compete in the Nations League finals and indeed to host them. But what happened with the Jamal Musiala goal that embarrassed the Azzurri?Cristiano Ronaldo's on the scoresheet for Portugal in their extra-time victory over Denmark. France win on penalties against Croatia as Michael Olise really steps up for his country.Spain also progress on penalties after a 3-3 draw with Netherlands. Pol Ballus was there and is full of praise for Lamine Yamal and Spain debutant Dean Huijsen.Thomas Tuchel's England beat Albania and welcome Latvia to Wembley. The panel ask whether we will ever see the best of Phil Foden in an England shirt.Plus Motta, Matondo, Mexico and the Marshall Islands.Produced by Charlie Jones.RUNNING ORDER: • PART 1a: Germany 3-3 Italy (06.00)• PART 1b: Portugal 5-2 Denmark (11.00) • PART 1c: France beat Croatia on penalties (13.00)• PART 1d: Spain beat Netherlands with Pol Ballus (17.30)• PART 2a: Elsewhere in the Nations League (24.00)• PART 2b: England ready for Latvia (30.00)• PART 2c: Bellamy's Wales win again (37.00)• PART 3a: Motta sacked by Juventus (40.00)• PART 3b: New Zealand qualify for the World Cup (43.00)• PART 3c: Lee Wingate from The Sweeper joins us (45.00)• PART 3d: Mexico win the Nations League (53.00) Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Jimbo welcomes Daniel Storey, Tom Williams and Seb Stafford-Bloor into the pod after an incredible weekend of international action. Germany throw away a 3-0 lead against Italy but still earn the right to compete in the Nations League finals and indeed to host them. But what happened with the Jamal Musiala goal that embarrassed the Azzurri? Cristiano Ronaldo's on the scoresheet for Portugal in their extra-time victory over Denmark. France win on penalties against Croatia as Michael Olise really steps up for his country. Spain also progress on penalties after a 3-3 draw with Netherlands. Pol Ballus was there and is full of praise for Lamine Yamal and Spain debutant Dean Huijsen. Thomas Tuchel's England beat Albania and welcome Latvia to Wembley. The panel ask whether we will ever see the best of Phil Foden in an England shirt. Plus Motta, Matondo, Mexico and the Marshall Islands. Produced by Charlie Jones. RUNNING ORDER:  • PART 1a: Germany 3-3 Italy (06.00) • PART 1b: Portugal 5-2 Denmark (11.00)  • PART 1c: France beat Croatia on penalties (13.00) • PART 1d: Spain beat Netherlands with Pol Ballus (17.30) • PART 2a: Elsewhere in the Nations League (24.00) • PART 2b: England ready for Latvia (30.00) • PART 2c: Bellamy's Wales win again (37.00) • PART 3a: Motta sacked by Juventus (40.00) • PART 3b: New Zealand qualify for the World Cup (43.00) • PART 3c: Lee Wingate from The Sweeper joins us (45.00) • PART 3d: Mexico win the Nations League (53.00) Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices