Podcasts about kcl

#3em1Agro - confira os destaques desta segunda-feira (26/05/25)➡️ KCL sobe 24% em um ano; confira o que o Itaú BBA projeta para os fertilizantes!➡️ Começa a colheita do milho segunda safra; veja onde!➡️ Presidente da Petrobras indica que diesel pode cair mais.

In this episode of Talking History, we're debating one of the most dramatic episodes of the Second World War: Operation Dynamo, the incredible evacuation of Allied forces from Dunkirk in May 1940.Featuring: Prof Eunan O'Halpin, Emeritus Professor of Contemporary Irish History, Trinity College Dublin; Dr David Jordan, Co-Director of the Freeman Air and Space Institute and Senior Lecturer in Defence Studies at King's College London; and Prof Jonathan Fennell, Professor of the History of War and Society at KCL, and president of the Second World War Research Group.

Bio: Kids Cooking for Life Celebrates Its Dedicated Educators This Teacher Appreciation DayNonprofit honors instructors and showcases student skills with a youth cooking competition inSausalitoSan Rafael, CA — April 21, 2025 — As Teacher Appreciation Day approaches on May 6, KidsCooking for Life (KCL) proudly celebrates the dedicated educators who make a lasting impacton children's lives—one recipe, one lesson, and one act of care at a time.At KCL, teachers are more than culinary instructors. They are mentors, role models, andadvocates for healthier living. Each week, through engaging, hands-on cooking classes, theyempower students with practical skills in food preparation, nutrition education, and kitchensafety, while building their confidence and encouraging creativity. Students learn that cookingcan be simple, joyful, and accessible—skills that serve them well beyond the classroom.To honor our incredible educators and showcase the talents of our students, KCL is excited tohost a Kids Cooking Competition on Tuesday, May 6, from 4:00 to 6:00 PM at Ditas, 562Bridgeway, Sausalito. This special event will highlight everything the students have learnedthroughout the program, from knife skills to plating and presentation. It's a fun,community-centered celebration that recognizes both the students' progress and the teachers whoguide them every step of the way.A recent example illustrates the impact of KCL's programs: one student arrived to class shy andhesitant to engage. Over time, supported by the warmth and encouragement of her instructor, shebegan to find her voice and discover a passion for cooking. She entered each session excited tolearn, beamed when her efforts were praised, and took pride in her growing abilities. Stories likehers unfold daily in KCL classrooms, where the compassion and creativity of educators fosterconfidence and growth.Founded on the belief that healthy habits begin early, Kids Cooking for Life brings free orlow-cost cooking education programs to children throughout the Bay Area and beyond. Theseprograms are especially vital in underserved communities, where access to nutrition educationand healthy food options may be limited. KCL's mission is deeply rooted in education—and itsteachers are at the very heart of that mission.“This Teacher Appreciation Day, we are proud to honor the incredible individuals who bring ourmission to life,” said Lara Rajninger, Executive Director of Kids Cooking for Life. “Theirdedication, patience, and enthusiasm create joyful learning environments where studentsthrive—not only as cooks but as confident, capable individuals.”KCL invites the community to join us in celebrating the amazing work of our teachers and theskills our students have developed. The May 6th competition is free and open to the public.For more information about Kids Cooking for Life or to support our work, visithttps://www.kidscookingforlife.org/.

n this dialogue with Hunt Priest, we explore how psychedelics can support a rediscovery of the fire of the holy spirit, reconnection with God re-imagining of the symbolic depth of Christianity. We consider the perennial tensions between the alive spirit and the church as institution. Colonial mindsets and evangelism. The Church's relationship to indigenous cultures. Jesus as Shaman and the overlaps between Shamanism and Christianity in the work of Mircea Eliade. Hunt Priest is the Executive Director and Founder of Ligare - A Christian Psychedelic Society. Hunt is a former Episcopal priest who, after a profound mystical experience during a psilocybin research study at Johns Hopkins, founded Ligare to help Christians explore psychedelic healing within a religious context.https://www.ligare.org/Jacob Kishere is a professional dialogue facilitator, writer, rapper, and philosopher. The creator of Culturepilgrim, SENSESPACE Podcast & Studio and The Resonant Man. He began my research into the crisis of the modern west with my award winning BA thesis (History, QMUL) and MA (Terrorism, Security & Society, KCL). Over the last decade I've searched deeper answers to that crisis , journeying into the depths of the mystical and drawing out insights for deeper resonance, healing and clarity of values in our paths, relationships and communities.www.jacobkishere.com

Professor David Taylor is Director of Pharmacy and Pathology at the Maudsley Hospital and Professor of Psychopharmacology at KCL. David is the Editor-in-Chief of the journal Therapeutic Advances in Psychopharmacology. Professor Taylor has been the lead author of the Maudsley Prescribing Guidelines since their inception in 1993. David has also authored over 375 clinical papers in journals such as the Lancet, BMJ, JAMA Psychiatry, British Journal of Psychiatry and Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. Today we discuss: - What the science says about the effectiveness of anti-depressants.- Evidence based principles for prescribing anti-depressants safely. - Common side effects and withdrawal symptoms. - Do anti-depressants work via so called "emotional numbing" effects?- The use of anti-depressants for other conditions such as OCD and PTSD. - Emerging treatments for depression such as ketamine and psilocybin. - New treatments for psychosis such as KarXT (Cobenfy). Interviewed by Dr. Alex Curmi. Dr. Alex is a consultant psychiatrist and a UKCP registered psychotherapist in-training.If you would like to invite Alex to speak at your organisation please email alexcurmitherapy@gmail.com with "Speaking Enquiry" in the subject line.Alex is not currently taking on new psychotherapy clients, if you are interested in working with Alex for focused behaviour change coaching , you can email - alexcurmitherapy@gmail.com with "Coaching" in the subject line.Give feedback here - thinkingmindpodcast@gmail.com - Follow us here: Twitter @thinkingmindpod Instagram @thinkingmindpodcast Tiktok - @thinking.mind.podcast 

It's time for another trip around the solar system on the BIGGER and BETTER Science Weekly! In this episode of the Fun Kids Science Weekly, we continue our bigger and better podcast where we answer YOUR questions, have scientists battle it out for which science is the best & learn all about the brain's ability to block pain! Dan kicks off with the latest science news, starting with a spectacular planetary parade—a rare celestial event that won’t grace our skies again until 2040! Next, we learn about the record-breaking pace at which the world's glaciers are melting. Finally, horticulturist, Roger Parsons, joins Dan for a daffodil hunt and what YOU can do to help. We then answer your questions, Jack wants to know why do we breathe automatically? Professor Georgina Ellison from KCL then answers Fifi's question: Why do humans need to drink water? Dangerous Dan continues, where we learn all about the Texas Blind Salamander Then, it’s time for Battle of the Sciences, where Dr. Dan Baumgardt from Bristol University explores the power of neuroscience, revealing how the brain can switch off pain! What do we learn about? · A rare celestial event you won’t see again for another 15 years! · The record breaking-pace the world's glaciers are melting at · Why humans need to drink water · The dangerous Texas Blind Salamander · And in Battle of the Sciences, the secrets of the brain! All on this week's episode of Science Weekly!Join Fun Kids Podcasts+: https://funkidslive.com/plusSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

*Fique bem-informado com as notícias do Programa Agronegócio Hoje de 07/012025.*    

This is a three-part takeover podcast from Creative Shift at UAL.This three-part podcast contains deeper reflections on some of the Making The Creative Majority report's key findings. Each episode speaks to experts with real world experience of alternative routes into creative work, widening participation into higher education, and diversifying the creative sector.This podcast was produced by a partnership between academics and staff from UAL, KCL and University of ManchesterThis episode: How do we make the creative majority? Speakers:Dr. Joanna Abeyie MBE (Founder & Chief Executive Officer BLUE MOON & Common Councilor)Dr. Natalie Wreyford (King's College London)Prof.  David O'Brien (The University of Manchester)For more information about Creative Shift Visit:https://www.arts.ac.uk/about-ual/teaching-and-learning-exchange/academic-enhancement/creative-shift

This is a three-part takeover podcast from Creative Shift at UAL.This three-part podcast contains deeper reflections on some of the Making The Creative Majority report's key findings. Each episode speaks to experts with real world experience of alternative routes into creative work, widening participation into higher education, and diversifying the creative sector.This podcast was produced by a partnership between academics and staff from UAL, KCL and University of ManchesterThis episode: Why work experience and alternative routes matter for a more diverse creative sectorCraig Pennington (Future Yard)Siraaj Mitha (Open City)Tessa Read (University of the Arts London)For more information about Creative Shift Visit:https://www.arts.ac.uk/about-ual/teaching-and-learning-exchange/academic-enhancement/creative-shift

How do we make the creative majority? A podcast seriesThis is a three-part takeover podcast from Creative Shift at UAL.This three-part podcast contains deeper reflections on some of the Making The Creative Majority report's key findings. Each episode speaks to experts with real world experience of alternative routes into creative work, widening participation into higher education, and diversifying the creative sector.This podcast was produced by a partnership between academics and staff from UAL, KCL and University of Manchester.This episode: What works to widen participation and support student access to higher education?Dr. Zoe Baker ( University of York)Dr. Omar Khan (TASO)Dr. Tamsyn Dent (King's College London)For more information about Creative Shift Visit:https://www.arts.ac.uk/about-ual/teaching-and-learning-exchange/academic-enhancement/creative-shift

In this podcast, Ruth and Camilla discuss the UN Sustainability Goals with Ciara Keegan of Congruent Consulting. Ciara is a chartered quantity surveyor and accredited mediator. She has a Masters of Science, in Construction Law from KCL and an LLM in International Human Rights Law with a focus on global development, environmental law and human rights through the lens of the Built Environment from the Irish Centre for Human Rights, Galway.

Given how many languages have been written in C over the years, it's not surprising to see new languages being written in Rust. What is surprising about this week's guest is the domain he's writing for: Computer Aided Design (CAD). Could Rust be sneaking its way into the CAD world too?Joining me to discuss the design and implementation of a CAD programming language is Adam Chalmers. He works at Zoo, developing KCL - a language that looks like JavaScript, runs on Rust, and offers users a seamless hybrid experience of both coding and point-and-click modelling. So, how does that all fit together?In this episode we look at the design and implementation of a programming language in Rust; how KittyCAD creates that hybrid environment for text-based programming and point-and-click modelling; and how we can learn to write our own Rust-interpreted languages.–Adam's Blog: https://adamchalmers.com/Adam's Guide To Writing Parsers: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QF3kMyzMC40Zoo's Modelling App: https://zoo.dev/modeling-appMechanical CAD: https://zoo.dev/blog/mechanical-cad-yesterday-today-and-tomorrowA Lego brick in KCL: https://zoo.dev/docs/kcl-samples/legoWinnow: https://docs.rs/winnow/latest/winnow/Nom: https://docs.rs/nom/latest/nom/Factorio: https://www.factorio.com/Satisfactory: https://store.steampowered.com/app/526870/Satisfactory/Crafting Interpreters: https://craftinginterpreters.com/Coding in Antarctica: https://brr.fyi/Support Developer Voices on Patreon: https://patreon.com/DeveloperVoicesSupport Developer Voices on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@developervoices/joinAdam on Mastodon: https://mastodon.social/@adam_chal@hachyderm.ioKris on Mastodon: http://mastodon.social/@krisajenkinsKris on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/krisjenkins/Kris on Twitter: https://twitter.com/krisajenkins

In today's episode of AI Lawyer Talking Tech, we dive into the cutting-edge advancements shaping the future of legal practice. From the rapid adoption of AI tools for streamlining tasks and enhancing productivity, to the ethical and regulatory challenges surrounding artificial intelligence, we explore how technology is revolutionizing the legal industry. We'll discuss insights from law firms investing in AI-driven strategies, the surge of legal tech innovation, and new developments that are influencing everything from corporate compliance to e-discovery. Stay tuned for an in-depth look at how AI is transforming the legal landscape, both now and in the years to come. The Future of the Legal Function in 2025: 10 Key Predictions08 Oct 2024MatterSuite By CaseFoxDentons' Rowena Rix On The Firm's AI Strategy08 Oct 2024Artificial LawyerLegalpioneer Donates 13,000+ Legal Technology Companies Dataset to GitHub05 Oct 2024WardblawGLegal AI sees wide adoption but most teams unprepared for talent impact: survey07 Oct 2024Legal Dive - Latest NewsAmerican Legal Technology Awards Winners Announced07 Oct 2024Artificial LawyerInside MinterEllison: A Case Study in Copilot Adoption with Amber O'Meara and Tim Andrews07 Oct 2024The Geek In ReviewAI Issues + Training Data 10108 Oct 2024CooleyDOJ Announces Changes to Corporate Compliance Guidance Focused on Artificial Intelligence, Access to Data, and Whistleblowing Practices07 Oct 2024WilmerHaleBridging Communication Gaps in the eDiscovery Pipeline: Are we all speaking the same language?07 Oct 2024Baker HostetlerWhite & Case Appoints New Chief Marketing and Chief Innovation Officers07 Oct 2024White & CasePTAB/USPTO Update - October 202407 Oct 2024WilmerHaleAG Proves LLMs Can Do Well On Due Diligence08 Oct 2024Artificial LawyerAI-driven e-commerce fraud is surging, but you can fight back with more AI08 Oct 2024TheRegister.comReed Smith goes all in with College of Legal Practice for the SQE08 Oct 2024Legal CheekGoogle must open Android to other app stores and billing options, judge rules08 Oct 2024Hawaii Tribune-HeraldColumbus City Council approves millions for cyberattack fallout as investigation continues08 Oct 2024Yahoo! NewsX Paid The Wrong Account For The Brazil Case08 Oct 2024TechRound.co.ukSIAC Symposium 2024 Part 2: Shaping the Future of Arbitration08 Oct 2024Kluwer Arbitration Blog58% of Inhousers ‘Expect Reduced Reliance' On Law Firms08 Oct 2024Artificial LawyerArtificial Intelligence: Germany08 Oct 2024The Global Legal PostLinklaters teams up with KCL to deliver AI training for lawyers08 Oct 2024Legal CheekUnderstanding Connecticut's Legal Landscape for the Tech Industry08 Oct 2024OurCommunityNow.comNavigating AI's impact on construction and liability07 Oct 2024Crane and Transport BriefingClioCon 2024: Legal Trends Report plus all the latest news and interviews07 Oct 2024Legal IT InsiderThe month in 5 bytes08 Oct 2024Hogan LovellsAI in the Workplace: Using Artificial Intelligence Intelligently08 Oct 2024Berwin Leighton PaisnerWolters Kluwer study finds law firm rate increases remain elevated08 Oct 2024Morningstar.comClioCon 2024: Legal Trends Report plus all the latest news and interviews07 Oct 2024Legal IT InsiderIs Safe Harbor Still Safe?07 Oct 2024GreenBookContractPodAi Advances Its Legal GenAI Tech Stack, Introduces Leah Intelligence07 Oct 2024Legal ReaderAI for Legal Professionals: Top Use Cases07 Oct 2024JD SupraAI Adoption By Legal Professionals Jumps from 19% to 79% In One Year, Clio Study Finds07 Oct 2024LawSitesThe Ethical Ambiguity of AI in Legal Practice07 Oct 2024Attorney at Law MagazineCaseway Launches AI Tool For Quick Court Decision Analysis07 Oct 2024Markets Business InsiderClio Releases Clio Duo, Generative AI Built Directly Into Its Law Practice Management Platform07 Oct 2024LawSites

Join us at our first in-person conference on June 25 all about AI Quality: https://www.aiqualityconference.com/ Miguel Fierro is a Principal Data Science Manager at Microsoft and holds a PhD in robotics. From Robotics to Recommender Systems // MLOps Podcast #240 with Miguel Fierro, Principal Data Science Manager at Microsoft. Huge thank you to Zilliz for sponsoring this episode. Zilliz - https://zilliz.com/. // Abstract Miguel explains the limitations and considerations of applying ML in robotics, contrasting its use against traditional control methods that offer exactness, which ML approaches generally approximate. He discusses the integration of computer vision and machine learning in sports for player movement tracking and performance analysis, highlighting collaborations with European football clubs and the role of artificial intelligence in strategic game analysis, akin to a coach's perspective. // Bio Miguel Fierro is a Principal Data Science Manager at Microsoft Spain, where he helps customers solve business problems using artificial intelligence. Previously, he was CEO and founder of Samsamia Technologies, a company that created a visual search engine for fashion items allowing users to find products using images instead of words, and founder of the Robotics Society of Universidad Carlos III, which developed different projects related to UAVs, mobile robots, humanoid robots, and 3D printers. Miguel has also worked as a robotics scientist at Universidad Carlos III of Madrid (UC3M) and King's College London (KCL) and has collaborated with other universities like Imperial College London and IE University in Madrid. Miguel is an Electrical Engineer by UC3M, PhD in robotics by UC3M in collaboration with KCL, and graduated from MIT Sloan School of Management. // MLOps Jobs board https://mlops.pallet.xyz/jobs // MLOps Swag/Merch https://mlops-community.myshopify.com/ // Related Links Website: https://miguelgfierro.com GitHub: https://github.com/miguelgfierro/RecSys at Spotify // Sanket Gupta // MLOps Podcast #232 - https://youtu.be/byH-ARJA4gkRecommenders joins LF AI & Data as new Sandbox project: https://cloudblogs.microsoft.com/opensource/2023/10/10/recommenders-joins-lf-ai-data-as-new-sandbox-project/ --------------- ✌️Connect With Us ✌️ ------------- Join our slack community: https://go.mlops.community/slack Follow us on Twitter: @mlopscommunity Sign up for the next meetup: https://go.mlops.community/register Catch all episodes, blogs, newsletters, and more: https://mlops.community/ Connect with Demetrios on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/dpbrinkm/ Connect with Miguel on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/miguelgfierro/ Timestamps: [00:00] Miguel's preferred coffee [00:11] Takeaways [02:25] Robotics [10:44] Simpler solutions over ML [15:11] Robotics and Computer Vision [19:15] Basketball object detection [22:43 - 23:50] Zilliz Ad [23:51] Mr. Recommenders and Recommender systems' common patterns [31:35] Embeddings and Feature Stores [42:34] Experiment ROI for leadership [47:17] Hi ROI investments [51:13] LLMs in Recommender Systems [54:51] Wrap up

#266: The tech industry has witnessed an explosion of new configuration languages that are reshaping the way we manage data structures and generate configuration files. From traditional formats like JSON and YAML to newer languages like Pkl, CUE, and KCL, the landscape of configuration languages is constantly evolving to meet the demands of modern software development. In this episode, Darin and Viktor talk about where these languages fit in to our projects and how they can help make our lives easier if we are willing to put in the work.   Today's sponsor: Save 25% on your first Barbaro Mojo order using the code DevOps25 https://barbaromojo.com/discount/DevOps25   Pkl https://pkl-lang.org/   CUE https://cuelang.org/   KCL https://www.kcl-lang.io/   YouTube channel: https://youtube.com/devopsparadox   Review the podcast on Apple Podcasts: https://www.devopsparadox.com/review-podcast/   Slack: https://www.devopsparadox.com/slack/   Connect with us at: https://www.devopsparadox.com/contact/  

This was the third of a series of Public Conversations that Just World Ed is presenting in May 2024, on the theme of "Understanding Hamas and Why That Matters." The series is presented by JWE President Helena Cobban and board member Rami G. Khouri. Our  guest was Dr. Jeroen Gunning, a Professor of Middle Eastern Politics and Conflict Studies at King's College, London. Dr. Gunning is also a Visiting Professor at the Department of Political Science, Aarhus University, and at the Middle East Centre at the London School of Economics.  He is one of the founders of the field of critical terrorism studies and has taught and advised both policy-makers and civil society organizations.In 2010, he published a book titled, Hamas in Politics: Democracy, Religion, Violence.  You can learn about the broad array of articles and books he has published on different aspects of the work of radical non-state actors in various parts of West Asia, at his page on the KCL website.You can see much more information about this project and access the multimedia records of this session and all the others as they occur, at this Online Learning Hub on our website.Support the Show.

Payman chats with the world-renowned professor Avijit Banerjee, who shares his journey in academia, discussing his research focused on applying scientific findings to patient care.  As you'd expect from a polymathic mind like Prof. Banerjee's, the conversation ranges far and wide, covering challenges in dental education, the role of new technologies in diagnosis and the public's perception of fluoride. Prof. Banerjee also wisdom on clinical judgement, patient communication, the value of documenting cases, and much more. Enjoy!  In This Episode 00:03:45 - Academia, research and curiosity 00:10:00 - Research, commercialisation and sharing  00:18:15 - Recent studies  00:28:11 - Oral health messaging 00:31:25 - Shift towards whole patient care and holistic dentistry in education 00:33:30 - Training: past, present, UK and abroad 00:42:20 - Advice for young dentists 00:43:20 - NHS funding  00:48:10 - International teaching and research 00:55:40 - Minimally invasive dentistry  01:16:40 - New technologies 01:20:10 - Danger of undertreatment 01:23:20 - Experimentation and evidence 01:26:05 - Bureaucracy and red tape  01:28:05 - Misunderstanding and misinformation 01:34:00 - Fluoride and fissure sealants 01:44:10 - Black box thinking  01:50:25 - Teaching style  01:51:25 - Fantasy dinner party  01:58:40 - Last days and legacy About Professor Avijit Banerjee Professor Avijit Banerjee, a global authority in minimally invasive dentistry, leads the Cariology & Operative Dentistry research program at King's College London Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences.  He serves as Head of Conservative & MI Dentistry, Director of Education (UG), and Programme Director for the KCL distance-learning Masters in Advanced Minimum Intervention Dentistry. Banerjee's research focuses on MI operative caries management and adhesive dental biomaterials, resulting in over 120 publications and £2.5 million in research funding. He collaborates with international Industry partners as an R&D KOL and is the primary author of the widely respected text, Pickard's Guide to Minimally Invasive Operative Dentistry. Banerjee holds editorial positions in several prominent dental journals and maintains a specialist clinical practice in Restorative Dentistry, Prosthodontics & Periodontics. He currently serves as the President of the BDA Metropolitan Branch Section.

There's been a lot of coverage in the media around the world about the mental health difficulties facing boys, but looking at figures for mental health problems in children and teens, there's clearly something going on with girls too. For some years, research has shown more girls are experiencing problems than boys, with a troubling spike in difficulties showing up in the late teens.On today's programme, Claudia Hammond explores the issue with a variety of guests. She visits King's College London's (KCL) Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience to speak to Gemma Knowles, a lecturer in epidemiology and youth mental health; Craig Morgan, professor of social epidemiology and co-director of ESRC Centre for Society and Mental Health; and Valeria Mondelli, a clinical professor of psychoneuroimmunology - about their work with young people, trying to uncover the deeper causes and to find new solutions.She also hears from some of the young people involved in a major study into mental health, conducted by the team at KCL and spanning nearly a decade.Claudia is joined by Dr Linda Blair, a clinical psychologist, who uses her own professional experiences to discuss the trends and challenges of youth mental health.Presenter: Claudia Hammond Producer: Dan Welsh

In January 2024, Millennial Potash (TSXV: MLP | OTCQB: MLPNF | FSE: X0D) finally unveiled the highly anticipated Mineral Resource Estimate (MRE) for the northern portion of its Banio Potash Project. Recently, the company submitted an MRE for the entire Banio Project, revealing an estimated Indicated Mineral Resource of 657 million tons grading 15.9% KCl and an Inferred Mineral Resource of 1.159 billion tons grading 16% KCl.Join us today as Millennial Potash Chairman and Director Farhad Abasov gleans valuable insights from the Banio Project's latest Mineral Resource Estimate and what it means for the company and its investors.Learn more about Millennial Potash and the Banio Project at: https://millennialpotash.comWatch the full YouTube interview here: https://youtu.be/gPmkKxoX8LEAnd follow us to stay updated: https://www.youtube.com/@GlobalOneMedia?sub_confirmation=1

Transcript of audioSpeaker 10:00Hi, Remy, thank you so much for appearing on today's enabled and academia podcast episode. We're really excited to have you. And it's my first time recording in person and like a studio in a way. So it's really cool. Fantastic. Okay, so normally the first question I ask all my guests is, can you tell us about your research interest in sort of a bit of information about yourself?Speaker 20:21Yes, thank you very much. My name is Remy up at sea. And I moved up to a researcher at King's College London, my research interest is exploring the accessibility of DAW and did a blaming digital audio workstation to blind music producers visually impaired producers. And the inspiration behind these area of inquiry is that a lot of the digital audio workstation we have I mean, these are audio workstation as simply music software, the software in which you're using composing, mixing and mastering sound audio production generally. So these software's are quite visual based, I mean, they are graphic based is a graphical representation of sound wave, if you see what I mean. So, graphical representation of sound waves. And the screen reader that blind people use in accessing digital content content are usually not compatible with this graphic element of anything at all. Although in this context, we are talking about digital audio workstation. And that is why I'm so keen on finding, exploring that aspect. Because when we talk about inclusivity a lot of people brag about how technology has revolutionised the music industry, and how it has democratised the industry that the big money of some sort have been broken. But in this context, if you talk about democratisation, and you still have a demographic of the industry, not given the opportunity to play their role, like every other regular person inclusivity is not there. And what is the essence of democracy? democratisation that ostracise on people. And my argument in this position of customers is not to dismiss the democratisation of the industry, by technology best that has happened. But I think I am had gained that. democratisation in in in the context of music production should be seen as a process rather than a true reflection of what the industry is about. So maybe I'm okay. That's, that's, that's the about my work for that. Yeah.Speaker 13:07Okay. That's so amazing and insightful. And it's so interesting about music and creativity as well, because we tend to have guests that are more like for like, law backgrounds or like STEM background, like humanities. So having a creative is so interesting for Yeah, okay, so my second question is, How has kacl King's College London Disability Services helped you?Speaker 23:33Whoa, yes. I'm there. They have been of immense help. Yeah, you know, sometimes I wish I could find something to criticise them about it, but I have I have none actually have known because they, I mean, I've been well support. I've received immense support by the disability service. Every contact I have there have been very responsive and responsible. So they have really made my study. quite encouraging, because, as a blind researcher, you have to go through a lot. Yeah, it's a tough one, you know, you have to do more. I mean, doing more than the regular is the social currency, that blind people using transact in navigating around the so the Disability Support has been really helpful from my first contact with them before my enrollment, you know, the necessary advice I needed and guiding me through the available resources and making the space encouraging me mean, I mean, we are speaking in my little space in the library. Of course, I use it more than a lot of people. So and I get this as part of the accessible measure that KCL app put in place for folks like me to have explosive study, because I use screen reader, I cannot be using these in the middle area in the library

When it comes to mental health, what's going on with young people - particularly, teenage girls?There's been a lot of coverage in the media recently regarding mental health difficulties facing boys, not least around the struggle to get to grips with 'modern masculinity'; undoubtedly, it's a tough time to be a young man. But looking at figures for mental health problems in children and teens, there's clearly something going on with girls too. For some years now, research has shown that more girls are experiencing problems than boys, with a troubling spike in difficulties showing up in the late teens. In some years, twice as many girls as boys have what the research calls “probable mental health disorders” - with rates of eating disorders charting four times higher and rates of self-harm up to seven times higher in girls than in boys. All sorts of factors can affect those figures, from whether people are prepared to discuss how they feel, to how those feelings are labelled. But these don't explain why statistics over recent years continue to show a disparity between boys and girls. On today's programme, Claudia explores the issue with help from a variety of guests, visiting King's College London's (KCL) Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience to speak to Gemma Knowles, a lecturer in epidemiology and youth mental health; Craig Morgan, professor of social epidemiology and co-director of ESRC Centre for Society and Mental Health; and Valeria Mondelli, a clinical professor of psychoneuroimmunology - about their work with young people in the UK and beyond, trying to uncover the deeper causes and to find new solutions.She also hears from some of the young people involved in a major study into mental health, conducted by the team at KCL and spanning nearly a decade.Claudia is joined by Dr Linda Blair, a clinical psychologist, who brings her own professional experience to bear discussing the trends and challenges of youth mental health. Organisations offering information and support relating to mental health can be found at BBC Action Line: bbc.co.uk/actionlinePresenter: Claudia Hammond Producer: Lucy Taylor Studio Manager: Emma Harth Production Coordinator: Siobhan Maguire Editor: Holly Squire

The essence of podcasting and punditry may be to peddle confident certainties, but often we don't really know. So today I raise some important questions to which I really don't know the answer, but which, alas, matter. When will Russians' patience run out? What will the next 'black swan' disruptor be? Would a ceasefire in 2024 benefit Ukraine more than Russia?The Foreign Affairs article by Emma Ashford and Kelly A. Grieco I cite is here.The KCL event I mention is here, the programme of the Danish Historical Days is here.The podcast's corporate partner and sponsor is Conducttr, which provides software for innovative and immersive crisis exercises in hybrid warfare, counter-terrorism, civil affairs and similar situations.You can also follow my blog, In Moscow's Shadows, and become one of the podcast's supporting Patrons and gain question-asking rights and access to exclusive extra materials right here. Support the show

Welcome to The Nonlinear Library, where we use Text-to-Speech software to convert the best writing from the Rationalist and EA communities into audio. This is: Announcing Arcadia Impact, published by Joe Hardie on January 5, 2024 on The Effective Altruism Forum. Arcadia Impact is a non-profit organisation that enables individuals in London to use their careers to tackle the world's most pressing problems. We have existed for over a year as London EA Hub (LEAH) and we recently rebranded as an organisation to Arcadia Impact. Our current projects: Effective Altruism Group Support Safe AI London LEAH Coworking Space EA Group Support We support EA groups at Imperial, UCL, KCL, and LSE[1] which includes mentoring student organisers, encouraging collaboration between groups, and running events such as retreats. All four universities are ranked in the top 50 globally, with over 114,000 students collectively, presenting significant potential to build capacity to address pressing global problems. London offers a unique concentration of highly talented students, and therefore an exciting opportunity for EA groups to benefit from collaboration and coordination. Additionally, London is the world's largest EA hub, with an extensive network of professionals working on various causes. Despite this London university groups have historically lacked consistent organiser capacity relative to comparable universities. Since we were founded last year, the groups have reached hundreds of students, with over 200 applying to reading groups. Students who joined our programmes have started full-time roles, attended research programmes, or continued studying with the goal of contributing to a range of EA cause areas. Given the size and potential of the universities, we think there is still significant room to expand and improve our work. Safe AI London We support AI Safety field building activities with Safe AI London (SAIL) supporting individuals in London to find careers that reduce risks from advanced artificial intelligence. We do this by: Running targeted outreach to technical courses at Imperial and UCL due to the concentration of talent on Computer Science and related courses. Educating people on the alignment problem, through technical and governance reading groups and speaker events. Up-skilling people on machine learning through upskilling programmes or by encouraging them to apply to programmes such as ARENA. Allowing them to test their fit for research through MARS London, research sprints, and connecting them to other research opportunities such as MATS. Creating a community of people in London and connecting people to opportunities within the field through socials and retreats. London is Europe's largest hub for AI talent and is becoming an increasingly relevant location for AI safety, with Google DeepMind, Anthropic and OpenAI opening offices here, and AI Safety researchers at MATS, Conjecture, and Center on Longterm Risk. The UK Government has also launched the AI Safety Institute which is working on AI Safety Research within the UK government. AI Safety university groups have shown promising results over the last year and London universities have a unique concentration of talented students relevant to AI safety with Imperial and UCL ranked in the top 25 universities for computer science courses globally. LEAH Coworking Space The LEAH Coworking Space is an office space in central London used by professionals and students working on impactful projects. The office aims to provide value from: Improving the productivity of professionals doing impactful work. In our most recent user survey, users reported an average of 6.3 additional productive hours per week from using the space. Causing impactful connections and interactions between users. Various situations where we offer assistance to the wider community: Allowing other organisations to use the space for events. Enabling in-person meetings and coworking for remote organisations. We also ...

If you were to list the top 5 most hyped areas of science right now, the microbiome would clearly be one. The collection of billions of microbes that live in our gut—and which are studied by collecting, er, “stool samples”—have been blamed for causing not just gastrointestinal symptoms, but even mental health disorders.In this episode of The Studies Show, Tom and Stuart discuss the microbiome: what's the evidence that it contributes to all our ills? Can it really be the case that we can transplant blended faeces from one person to another and improve their health? And, sorry to have to ask this, but what exactly is that smell?The Studies Show is sponsored by Works in Progress, the online magazine about science, technology, and human progress. Their newest November 2023 issue is packed with data-driven, deeply-researched articles on the history and future of the science and tech that shapes our world. It's all freely-available right here at this link.Show notes* 2007 Ben Goldacre Guardian article on “Dr.” Gillian McKeith, the Awful Poo Lady* 2019 review of microbiome research and some of its methodological difficulties* 2022 review of the mechanisms by which the microbiome might affect our health* 2016 Science paper on population norms for the microbiome* The “30 plants a week” claim, from the ZOE app website; from Tim Spector in the Guardian* The “American Gut Project” study* Stuart's article on why “30 plants a week” is a silly claim* 2020 meta-analysis of studies on faecal microbiome transplants for recurrent C. difficile infection* Paper that's critical of the evidence for faecal transplants for C. diff* 2021 review of faecal transplants in Crohn's disease* 2019 review of the microbiome and mental health, including some of the history of the idea* 2019 editorial speaking very highly of the power of the “gut-brain axis”* 2023 KCL small-scale study on probiotics for depression* 2023 review of observational studies of faecal transplants for autism * Scott Alexander's article “Against Against Autism Cures”* Brain study on the apparent causal role of the microbiome in Alzheimer's disease* Stuart's i article critiquing itCreditsThe Studies Show is produced by Julian Mayers at Yada Yada Productions. This is a public episode. If you'd like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit www.thestudiesshowpod.com/subscribe

Kenosha Christian Life coach Jim Dolphin joins the show for a preview of D3 Sectional D! We take a look at every team in the new-look sectional and the top returners on each squad, and try to make sense of what the postseason action will look like with predictions for Regionals and Team Sectionals. We then get to ask Jim about his experience of coaching at Christian Life and what the program is doing to get back into the conversation for Team State, along with hearing about Jim's experience being matside for his son Drew becoming the first state champion in KCL history!Regional 1-3:50Regional 2-35:00Team Sectional Predictions-1:19:30Support the show

Dr Marta Di Forti is a Clinical Reader in Psychosis Research at the Dept of Social, Developmental and Genetic Research, KCL. She leads the first Cannabis Clinic for patients with Psychotic disorders in UK. In 2021 she awarded the Royal College of Psychiatrist Researcher of the year prize. In 2020 she was granted a MRC Senior Research Fellowship to expand her research in the role of cannabis use in psychosis and its underlying biology. Today on the show we discuss: why cannabis is more dangerous than ever today, what Marta's research reveals about the link between cannabis and psychosis, why edibles can lead to an overdose, risk factors for developing psychosis and the role that your age plays in this, how to recover from psychosis and cannabis addiction, does the dosage actually make the poison and much more. ⚠ WELLNESS DISCLAIMER ⚠ Please be advised; the topics related to health and mental health in my content are for informational, discussion, and entertainment purposes only. The content is not intended to be a substitute for professional advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your health or mental health professional or other qualified health provider with any questions you may have regarding your current condition. Never disregard professional advice or delay in seeking it because of something you have heard from your favorite creator, on social media, or shared within content you've consumed. If you are in crisis or you think you may have an emergency, call your doctor or 911 immediately. If you do not have a health professional who is able to assist you, use these resources to find help: Emergency Medical Services—911 If the situation is potentially life-threatening, get immediate emergency assistance by calling 911, available 24 hours a day. National Suicide Prevention Lifeline, 1-800-273-TALK (8255) or https://suicidepreventionlifeline.org. SAMHSA addiction and mental health treatment Referral Helpline, 1-877-SAMHSA7 (1-877-726-4727) and https://www.samhsa.gov Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

The advent and speed of advancement in AI has far reaching consequences for multiple industries. This five-part miniseries will spotlight various industry sectors where AI has a significant and growing impact, with this particular episode centering on AI's role in healthcare.AI in healthcare offers life changing benefits as well as raising far reaching concerns. In the medical arena, various AI programmes like Large Language Models and Foundation Models are being used in many specialities, both in research and clinically. AI's ability to rapidly process vast amounts of data and identify subtle patterns affords unrivalled potential within medicine. It can also help save money by streamlining processes. But there are risks. As the technology advances so do concerns over inaccurate diagnoses that could exacerbate health inequalities that already exist in the system. Another area of particular focus is the transparency and trust of the AI models being built. This is where the importance of regulation comes in. We speak with Dr Alan Karthikesalingam, Senior Staff Clinician Scientist and Research Lead at Google who offers his insight into the research and clinical applications of AI in healthcare. Greg Sorensen, Lead at Aidence, shows how AI is being used in the clinical screening of lung cancer, a key prevention tool that is already saving lives. Inma Martinez, chair of the multi expert group at the global partnership on AI addresses the importance of regulation and governance of AI in healthcare and beyond.Our Sources for the show: FT Resources, CEPR, European Parliament research, CSET, BMJ, KCL.This content is paid for by Google and is produced in partnership with the Financial Times' Commercial Department. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

James Harding, Tortoise editor-in-chief and former director of BBC News criticises the BBC's policy to not call Hamas terrorists.In this episode Lawrence Freedman, emeritus professor of war studies at KCL, and Shaina Low from the Norwegian Refugee Council join the team to discuss Benjamin Netanyahu's response to the Hamas attack and the situation in Gaza.James Harding, Tortoise editor-in-chief and former director of BBC News, also criticises the BBC's policy to not call Hamas terrorists.You can read and watch John Simpson's defence of the BBC's policy here.For the premium Tortoise listening experience, curated by our journalists, download the free Tortoise audio app. For early and ad-free access, subscribe to Tortoise+ on Apple Podcasts.If you'd like to further support slow journalism and help us build a different kind of newsroom, do consider donating to Tortoise at tortoisemedia.com/support-us. Your contributions allow us to investigate, campaign and explore, and to build a newsroom that is responsible and sustainable. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

In this episode, we were honored to host Rabbi Avrohom Moshe Weisner, the administrator of the KCL, the Kashrus organization that has been an integral part of Lakewood, NJ's culinary landscape. Rabbi Weisner's KCL journey started when Lakewood boasted only a handful of eateries, and today, KCL certifies more than 130 establishments, including numerous home-based operations. As we delve into his remarkable story, Rabbi Weisner reflects on how KCL filled a crucial void in Old Lakewood three decades ago. Now, the culinary scene has evolved dramatically, with a thriving foodie culture, a burgeoning population, and increasingly intricate kashrus challenges. Join us as Rabbi Weisner shares his inspiring story and insights into the evolution of kosher cuisine in Lakewood, highlighting the remarkable growth of a community deeply committed to its high standards of Kashrus. SEASON SPONSORCensible Marketing - Maximizing Your Census!(347) 777-0944Info@censiblemarketing.com —————————————————Podcast Hotline: 732.506.2600 Thank you for subscribing to Our Town! Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/our-town/id1661853310Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/26jkl3pgksq6PBuGBY2E9u?si=_3AWWqicQwalRXgBKpt-WwGoogle Podcasts: https://podcasts.google.com/search/our%20town%20LNNand anywhere else Podcasts are available!To watch any of our episodes as well as to get all the latest Lakewood news: LNNNews.com --For Our Town Podcast sponsorship opportunities--ourtown@lnnnews.comLNN is Lakewood's favorite source for local news and information! Join an official LNN News Group:https://chat.whatsapp.com/IR2pLWROHorD3pMDcRRTYNStatus: https://wa.me/17326083941?text=%20Subscribe

In this episode Lauren Hawker Zafer is joined by Miguel Fierro Who is Miguel Fierro? Miguel Fierro is a Principal Data Science Manager at Microsoft Spain, where he helps customers solve business problems using artificial intelligence. Previously, he was CEO and founder of Samsamia Technologies, a company that created a visual search engine for fashion items allowing users to find products using images instead of words, and founder of the Robotics Society of Universidad Carlos III, which developed different projects related to UAVs, mobile robots, humanoid robots, and 3D printers.  Miguel has also worked as a robotics scientist at Universidad Carlos III of Madrid (UC3M) and King's College London (KCL) and has collaborated with other universities like Imperial College London and IE University in Madrid. Miguel is an Electrical Engineer by UC3M, PhD in robotics by UC3M in collaboration with KCL, and graduated from MIT Sloan School of Management. Why this Episode?

Spotlight Fourteen is a snippet from our upcoming episode: Miguel Fierro - AI is the New Normal. Listen to the full episode, as soon as it comes out by subscribing to Redefining AI. Who is Miguel Fierro? Miguel Fierro is a Principal Data Science Manager at Microsoft Spain, where he helps customers solve business problems using artificial intelligence. Previously, he was CEO and founder of Samsamia Technologies, a company that created a visual search engine for fashion items allowing users to find products using images instead of words, and founder of the Robotics Society of Universidad Carlos III, which developed different projects related to UAVs, mobile robots, humanoid robots, and 3D printers.  Miguel has also worked as a robotics scientist at Universidad Carlos III of Madrid (UC3M) and King's College London (KCL) and has collaborated with other universities like Imperial College London and IE University in Madrid. Miguel is an Electrical Engineer by UC3M, PhD in robotics by UC3M in collaboration with KCL, and graduated from MIT Sloan School of Management. Why this Episode?

A genuinely cutting-edge chat with Ana-Maria, one of the first people in the world to properly study masking in ADHD. She's too busy to be on social media so here is her KCL profile: https://www.kcl.ac.uk/people/ana-maria-butura

There is a bizarre number in maths referred to simply as ‘i'. It appears to break the rules of arithmetic - but turns out to be utterly essential for applications across engineering and physics. We are talking about the square root of -1, which makes no sense. Professor Fry waxes lyrical about the beauty and power of this so-called ‘imaginary' number to a sceptical Dr Rutherford. Dr Michael Brooks, author of The Maths That Made Us, tells the surprising story of the duelling Italian mathematicians who gave birth to this strange idea, and shares how Silicon Valley turned it into cold hard cash. Professor Jeff O'Connell, Ohlone College California, demonstrates that it is all about oscillations, and Dr Eleanor Knox, philosopher of physics at KCL and a senior visiting fellow at the University of Pittsburgh reveals that imaginary numbers are indispensable for the most fundamental physics of all - quantum mechanics.

In this special episode, Justin Bassi speaks with Richard Fontaine and Lisa Curtis from the Center for a New American Security, and Alessio Patalano from King's College London, about the strategic imperatives and future challenges of AUKUS. With the AUKUS optimal submarine pathway now unveiled, there are big plans, big promises, and a lot of work to do. Why do we need AUKUS? How do we improve information-sharing while reducing barriers to technology cooperation? How do we integrate our defence industries which are more accustomed to competing than cooperating? What are the opportunities for additional partners, including the Quad? And how is all this being explained to the public? To dissect these questions and more, ASPI has been holding a trilateral AUKUS dialogue in Washington DC with CNAS and KCL's Centre for Grand Strategy. Guests (in order of appearance): Justin Bassi, executive director of ASPI - https://www.aspi.org.au/bio/justin-bassi; Richard Fontaine, CEO, CNAS - https://www.cnas.org/people/richard-fontaine; Lisa Curtis, Senior Fellow and Director, Indo-Pacific Security Program - https://www.cnas.org/people/lisa-curtis; Alessio Patalano, Professor of War & Strategy in East Asia, KCL - https://www.kcl.ac.uk/people/dr-alessio-patalano Rodeo Drive by Eazy, licensed with permission from the Independent Music Licensing Collective - imlcollective.uk

UFC Legend Georges St-Pierre is a Canadian former professional mixed martial artist who is widely regarded as one of the greatest fighters in mixed martial arts history. St-Pierre was a two-division champion in the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC), having won titles in the welterweight and middleweight divisions … so when he speaks we listen .. and this is what we're listening to right now: “Fight Fans Will Be Blown Away By Karate Combat” – GSP. WHAT IS KARATE COMBAT? Karate Combat is the world's premier full contact striking league, blending the excitement of live-action, full-contact Karate with immersive CGI environments, powered by the Epic Games Unreal gaming and virtual production engine. More than just lip service, here are some notable highlights that demonstrate KCL's incredible growth … with so much more to come: 200M digital views per month 4M+ social media followers Brand Ambassadors include Georges St-Pierre, Bas Rutten, and Lyoto Machida First sports league to become a DAO Pledged to give away 50% of $KARATE tokens to fans & fighters WHO IS GAMEON ENTERTAINMENT $GET AND WHAT ARE THEY DOING WITH KARATE COMBAT LEAGUE? GameOn Entertainment Technologies (GET: CSE) (GMETF: OTC) is a leading B2B technology company that has partnered with the world's biggest IPs to launch, operate, and monetize web3 games that take fans to a whole new level of engagement. $GET turns fans into superfans - engaging, retaining, and monetizing audiences - while participating in the entire economic cycle of NFT games. They are creating the future of superfan engagement PEDIGREE INCLUDES NBA TOPSHOTS, EA SPORTS, DAPPER LABS & MORE In a world of disappointing Web3 companies over the last 12 months largely due to inept teams (that's an understatement), $GET is run by a diverse team of Web3, sports, entertainment and gaming veterans from companies like Take-Two Interactive, EA Sports, Dapper Labs, BSE Global, and Madison Square Garden - so when $GET says they are creating the future of Superfan engagement they know what they are talking about. IS GAMEON DELIVERING? GameOn is doing more than delivering, they are hitting on all cylinders as follows: FINANCIAL – Breaking even in October Became Profitable In December with Adjusted Net Income of $75,000 Closed 11 new deals in 2022, including Karate Combat, YOOM (formerly Tetavi), and Gaming Society (in collaboration with the WNBA). $GET + KARATE COMBAT LEAGUE = KARATEKA .. THE WORLD'S FIRST PLAYABLE DIGITAL FIGHTERS $GET white label solutions for big third parties have already generated major successes, including its latest partnership with Karate Combat whose massive global following is almost entirely under the age of 40 at 95%. This audience doesn't just want to sit and watch a game, they want to be a part of it and play the game. They want to influence, own and play the content. This demographic is ideal and largely explains why they have partnered with $GET to launch Karateka - the world's first playable digital fighters for fantasy games that will allow fans to: Buy playable digital fighters Craft a lineup they have true ownership in Earn rewards and prizes based on how their fighter(s) perform in real-life matches Win exclusive prizes driven by real world Karate Combat events. The game is fueled by blockchain technology and can be accessed with a credit card. The $GET platform bridges to Web3 without the need for wallets or cryptocurrency, making it easy and seamless for all sports fans to engage. $GET wants your grandparents to be able to play this without even knowing it. With Karate Combat League having 4,000,000+ social media followers in 100+ Countries, it is safe to say that both parties have expectations for success. This is especially true given the fact prizes will include: VIP tickets to events Joining the broadcast booth with commentators (how cool is that!) Fighter meet-and-greets Signed merchandise and $KARATE tokens. GameOn will keep 80% of the profit, while 10% goes to the community and 10% to the fighters. DIGITAL FIGHTER PRESALES Fans can purchase playable digital fighters in VIP presales or sign up on GameOn's Discord for discounts before the public launch https://discord.com/invite/E7Yy4jkwc2. The game offers an opportunity to sell NFTs on a marketplace, like owning a rookie card, and allows fans to be a part of the action and have ownership and impact on decisions “We're minting playable digital fighters, so digital versions of the fighters that you love and watch and root for in these fights. You own them, they are yours and you can draft them in a fantasy line up and you earn rewards and points based on how the fighter performs in the events that you are watching. Real life events, every time he lands a punch, take down, and a kick, you are getting points and getting rewarded.” GameOn is ramping up VIP presaling in the next 14 days at $19.99 for one playable digital fighter, with a minimum 50 digital fighters to be in the pre-sale. Various whitelists after presale will offer discounted prices and on May 20th at the Karate Combat event in Miami $GET will be publicly launching the digital fighters. $GET IS ALREADY ACHIEVING REVENUE GROWTH AND PROFITABILITY IN 2023 Matt Bailey, CEO of $GET summarized it best as follows: “We nudged that $1M target last year and this year $1.5 booked and we should surpass $3M this year … it required a lot of optimization and patience … but it's been very rewarding to be able to hit those milestones in October and December and be cash flow positive … With development now largely done we halved expenses from 300 to $150,000,000 / month. Now that the product is built we are going to go out there and sell like our lives depend on it and we did” He then added: “Start-ups are dying because of cashflow problems today … GameOn is expecting to 2-3x revenue in the next few years because we're not running out of partners to reach out too. After breaking even in 2022, the opportunities are endless for GameOn in 2023.” THAT'S NOT ALL… GAMEON ANNOUNCES $400,000 GRANT FUNDING FROM THE HBAR FOUNDATION The funding will see GameOn launch Karateka on the Hedera network, with a second project in development in the equestrian space but with digital playable horses and riders. Dependent on real world equestrian events. This will be a bit more premium with a different audience base. Both will be powered by GameOn's PLAYN3XT platform and it will only take a month or two instead of years to launch because $GET has already created the technology that will power this. Hedera is a well-known public distributed ledger technology, which was recently made Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM)-compatible. Anyone can build on the Hedera network, which is governed by the world's leading organizations including: Boeing Dell Google IBM Chainlink Labs … and more The HBAR Foundation's mission is to empower entrepreneurs to build economies on the Hedera network and access a thriving ecosystem that helps to raise awareness of projects, accelerate innovation, and scale adoption. This large grant shows that Hedera validates what GameOn is creating. $GET is very excited to be building on Hedera network and is open to future projects being potentially built on the Hedera Platform as well. A bit of background info: when you host on a platform you are driving traffic and transactions for that specific platform. So, with the grant, they are also incentivizing other people to build on the chain. The grant was HUGE validation for GameOn and their fans and it will help everyone be able to engage in the technology of Web3 and have fun and ownership while doing so. OTHER SUCCESS STORIES MX Player (INDIA): Partnered with Times Internet & MX Player, India's most-watched OTT platform Powered MX Player's Cricket Prediction Game for tournaments such as the IPL and ICC World Cup 3 Month Results: +500K Active Users & +12.M Predictions made ChiBi Dinos (10K NFT PROJECT): Designed, built, and manage the Primal Pick'Em Predictor game for Chibi Dinos One of the most successful 10k NFT projects launched to-date. The first of it's kind NFT Sports predictor game gives users the ability to compete and move up leaderboards to gain access to exclusive and rare NFTs. NFT Predictor Game Mechanics Industry Leading Blockchain and WEB3 Technology Gaming Society & WNBA: Launched the Bet On Women game for Gaming Society and the WNBA Founded by Jaymee Mesler (The Players Tribune) and Kevin Garnett. Yoom: - Announced a partnership with Tetavi for an NFT-based music fantasy game - Allow music fans to discover new music, invest in the songs, and receive royalties based on streams and charts - This Web3-based game will leverage the power of the blockchain to facilitate ownership and royalty distribution Now sit back, relax and watch this powerful interview with CEO Matt Bailey.

Medicína. Ak ste toto slovo ešte nepočuli, asi ste ešte neboli chorí; no a ak ste neboli ešte chorí, akokoľvek by ste si svoje zdravie chránili, nakoniec oň i tak všetci prídeme. Čo to ale vlastne znamená povedať, že niečo je choroba a čo je to to zdravie, o ktoré nás oberá? Dnes sa pozrieme na relatívne novú disciplínu s názvom filozofia medicíny, ktorá si kladie nielen tieto veľmi dôležité otázky.----more----   Súvisiace dávky:   PD#217: Rozhovor s Davidom Černým o AI a etickom pluralizme, http://bit.ly/davka217 PD#214: Rozhovor s Máriou Kolesárovou o morálnosti povinného očkovania, http://bit.ly/davka214 PD#191: Pitvy v dejinách: Bránila katolícka cirkev medicínskemu bádaniu?, http://bit.ly/davka191 PD#187: Rozhovor s Marekom Váchom: o bioetike a hodnote života počas pandémie, http://bit.ly/davka187 PD#173: Martin Heidegger: Liekom na hrozbu technológií sú umelci, http://bit.ly/davka173 PD#167: Tech-filozofia: Sú technológie morálne neutrálne?, http://bit.ly/davka167   Použitá a odporúčaná literatúra:   Solomon, Simon, Kincaid (eds.), The Routledge Companion to Philosophy of Medicine (2018) Thompson, Upshur (eds.), Philosophy of Medicine: An Introduction (2018) Marcum (ed.), The Bloomsbury Companion to Contemporary Philosophy of Medicine (2017) Marcum, „Philosophy of Medicine“ (Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy) Julian, Ankeny,„Philosophy of Medicine“ (The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2022) Fuller, „Philosophy of medicine as a core discipline for learning the theory of medicine“ (YouTube, Philosophy and Medicine at KCL, 2021) Campaner, „What philosophical approaches in medical education? Theoretical and empirical issues.“,(YouTube, Philosophy and Medicine at KCL, 2021) ***   Baví ťa s nami rozmýšľať? Získaj extra obsah cez Patreon (https://bit.ly/PDtreon), alebo nás podpor ľubovoľným darom (https://bit.ly/PDdar)

The way we work has changed since the pandemic. The modern workforce now, more than ever before, enjoys flexibility in where and when they work. But businesses, leaders and employees are still experimenting with how best to work. In this epsiosde of The Next Five we explore the shifting sands of desk based work, looking at the effect of technology on traditional structures, employee productivity, communication and wellbeing, and ask how the technology led digital HQ might help solve some of the current challenges. Sheela Subramanian, Founder of Future Forum and VP at Slack, shows us how business leaders and companies can build a flexible, productive digital workforce that puts employees at the centre of the strategy. Dennis P. Stolle, JD, PhD and Senior Director of Applied Psychology, for the American Psychological Association offers insight into employee wellbeing and how a digital first approach to working can benefit a workforce and the role that technology plays. Vladimir Lukic, Managing Director & Senior Partner; Global Leader, Tech and Digital Advantage, Boston Consulting Group also extols the benefits of technology in helping business growth and discusses how business leaders can scale in a new digitally led world. Our Sources for the show: FT Resources, Mckinsey, Randstad Work Monitor, KCL, G&A Partners. This content is paid for by advertisers and is produced in partnership with the Financial Times' Commercial Department. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

There is a bizarre number in maths referred to simply as ‘i'. It appears to break the rules of arithmetic - but turns out to be utterly essential for applications across engineering and physics. We're talking about the square root of -1. WHICH MAKES NO SENSE. Professor Fry waxes lyrical about the beauty and power of this so-called ‘imaginary' number to a sceptical Dr Rutherford. Dr Michael Brooks tells the surprising story of the duelling Italian mathematicians who gave birth to this strange idea, and shares how Silicon Valley turned it into cold hard cash. It's all about oscillations, Professor Jeff O'Connell demonstrates. And finally, Dr Eleanor Knox reveals that imaginary numbers are indispensable for the most fundamental physics of all: quantum mechanics. Imaginary, impossible…but essential! Contributors: Professor Jeff O'Connell, Ohlone College California, Dr Michael Brooks, Author of 'The Maths That Made Us', and Dr Eleanor Knox, Philosopher of Physics at KCL and a Senior Visiting Fellow at the University of Pittsburgh. Producer: Ilan Goodman

Relações de troca são bem mais atrativas do que no mesmo período do ano passado, inclusive para o KCl e os fosfatados com a soja também. Hora de fazer as contas e aproveitar o momento.

This third series of the Breaking Britain Podcast will take a closer look at  how the strategic challenges facing the UK interact with crisis and change around the European Union and its neighborhood. This week, we've invited Selim Koru to join us here at the European and International Studies Department at KCL to discuss the parallels and differences between populist politics in Turkey and populism in the UK and the EU. To understand how Turkish politics is intertwined with developments in the EU and UK, we've also explored how relations between Turkey and its European partners have evolved over the past decades.As a scholar and commentator of Turkish politics, Selim Koru has regularly explored the power structures that have enabled President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan to sustain his grip on the Turkish state for over two decades. Currently a researcher at the University of Nottingham, since 2011 Selim has also produced incisive analysis of key developments in Turkish politics at the Economic Policy Research Foundation of Turkey and the Foreign Policy Research Institute. 

He's here, he's there; Dr. Hillman brings drug safety everywhere! So given the rules and regulations he needs to follow, the title “vigilante” could be nothing but ironic.We chart David's progress through choosing pharmacology as a subject to study, and settling on pharmacovigilance as a career to pursue. Listen: The Bollywood beats come courtesy of Cambridge-based artist Anish Kumar whose music you can also find on Bandcamp: anishkumarmusic.bandcamp.com, YouTube, Instagram and Twitter.Watch:Subscribe to our YouTube channel now for all future recordings. Episode transcript[Background intro music playing is "Nazia" by Anish Kumar]Parmvir: Hello everyone. And welcome to another episode of the 2Scientists podcast, where inspiring scientists share their work with you, wherever you like to listen. Today we come to you from a rather unique spot, rather than a cafe or bar we are camped out in Kensington Gardens in London, because it's a glorious day and our podcasting equipment allows us to do that. But enough about me and us, we are here today, of course I am your host Parmvir Bahia here and we're here with David Basanta, but we also have with us another David who is very special to me, he is an old friend of mine from my PhD program, and we shared much time and much swearing over experiments together at University college London. How are you David Hillman? David: I'm doing well. Thank you. It's, as you say, it's a, it's a lovely day and, it's nice to be back with old friends. Parmvir: Yes, yes. Of course everything rotates background to COVID and whereas we would normally see each other once a year. It's been three, four, possibly? David: Three, I think that's yeah.Parmvir: Miserable. David: Yeah. Sad times we shall have to make up for it. Parmvir: We will, we will. There's a bottle of Cava with our name on it. Once we've done with this. David: And onion rings. Parmvir: And onion rings. Yes. Fancy Marks and Spencer's one's though. So let's start at the beginning. I'm not talking about like, where were you born kind of thing. Although you can mention Kidderminster if you'd like. So as I understand it, we had a relatively similar track as undergraduates. So you did a bachelor's in pharmacology, correct? David: Yeah, that's right. Parmvir: So tell us why, why pharmacology? David: So this is gonna age me, age us.So I, for my A levels, so for my senior school exams, I, studied chemistry, biology, and maths, and I wanted to study something at university that combined chemistry and biology. And so this is the bit that will age us. So back in the day, if you remember, you would go to the, career advice department who were trying to help people to steer people towards what options they might want to pick at university.And they had this huge telephone directory effectively, which, mapped together people's different, combinations of A level courses and then gave you a list of options that you could, study at university. So I was sat in this little tiny room with this career advisor person, and they were basically running through this list of different courses.And when they came to pharmacology, they'd already mentioned pharmacy, which, you know, most people know what it is, but then they said pharmacology and I stopped them and said, well, what's, what's the difference? And they actually gave a pretty good summary. They said, it's more the biology of medicine. It's more the, the research and development of new medicines. They said it's potentially a controversial topic because it's the pharmaceutical industry is itself sometimes controversial and there's other aspects to the industry, which are, challenging sometimes. But yeah, that's how it started. So I picked a few different pharmacology courses, one of which was King's College London. I was always very practical, so I liked the idea of doing a year in industry at some point. So I chose a sandwich course like you and yeah, so that took me to KCL all that time ago. Parmvir: Mm. So I didn't realize how similar our tracks had been, because I also did biology, chemistry and maths, and I wanted to do something with the chemistry and the biology.And I got put in that direction by David: did you pick it out of the phone book as well? Parmvir: I did. What was it called? There was a name for it. David: It was pretty like a UCAS publication. Parmvir: Yes. It was just, it was enormous. David: Yeah. Parmvir: But yeah, in any case, I also, I did a sandwich year and I got to go and hang out in Germany for a year, which was fun.But yeah. So obviously after that you came to do a PhD at UCL where we were, well, I was a year ahead of you, I think. David: Yeah. You were. Parmvir: Why? Why did you do a PhD? David: So well for the reasons that I guess a lot of people do them, which is that I wasn't sure what to do next [both laugh] and a PhD seemed like a good way to string it out for another few years before I figured that out.But the reason I landed on UCL was that when I did go and do my year in industry, which like you was for a large pharma company, I worked in a lab looking at some non-clinical safety models. And we were using electrophysiology techniques at the time that was sharp electrode electrophysiology.Parmvir: You're gonna have to explain what electrophysiology means. David: Oh, don't make me do that. It's been 20 years [Parmvir laughs]. Oh, it's basically where you take either isolated cells or tissues and you put tiny, tiny electrodes into them and measure the changing currents across cell membranes. And as you put different drugs on, you can look at different effects of those drugs how they affect the electrical signals that you can measure.And really it's ions moving back and forward across membranes by little things called ion channels. So yeah, so I'd done sharp electrode electrophysiology there. I went back to university to finish my last year, and then the question came up about what to pick for a PhD. And I thought, well, although I hadn't enjoyed electrophysiology, it's something that I had started to, I guess, gain an interest in. Plus I had some skills that in that area. So, yeah, so I found a course, rather a PhD studentship at UCL, which seemed to fit the bill. It was looking at using a slightly different electrophysiology technique, so patch, clamping in a different area, but I thought it was something that I could use what I'd learnt in my year in industry Parmvir: I gave you some of these questions beforehand. David: Yes, because I'm incapable of spontaneous reaction to questions [Parmvir laughs]. Parmvir: Actually, I loved it so much that I have to read out your description of what your memory is like. David: I was quite proud of that. I coined that yesterday. I used to think of my memory as a lobster pot. Parmvir: All right. So you said I've just come up with a good analogy for my recall memory. It's like a reference library. You have to put in a request and then go away for a bit. When you come back, I'll have retrieved something from the vaults. Hopefully. David: Yeah, exactly. Parmvir: But aside from that I wanted to say this might be something of a loaded question, but what did you think of your PhD experience?David: You know, I really, I look back on those years with fond memory. Now it's partly because looking back, you edit out all of the stress and anxiety associated with doing a research project like that. I remember at the time when I first started UCL ran some induction courses where they pulled together PhD students and other postgraduate students from all sorts of backgrounds and John Foreman who you'll remember who was the Dean of students at the time, he gave a little introduction to UCL, but also gave some interesting advice let's say and pointers.And one of the things he pointed out in that session was the high degree of mental illness that is encountered by students in general taking these types of courses because they are stressful. And you often feel like you are kind of on your own. Driving your own research project forward. Sometimes through difficult times. So I do remember that in particular, but you know, what I remember mostly is just how impressed I was with all of the people that surrounded me because our department was not particularly flashy in its kind of presentation, but there were some seriously impressive people there.So I always like to think of our lab in the sense of, you know, it was run by effectively by Dennis and, and Guy when we got there. But before then it had been run by Don and before then it had been run by Bernard Katz who was a Nobel laureate. So it felt like we were the either grandchildren or great grandchildren of a Nobel Laureate and the whole department was a bit like that. It had a lot of very understated people who were world experts in their, in their field. And I always felt like the dumbest person in the department. But that didn't bother me too much because you know, being surrounded by all this greatness and even just, you know, the little glimpses of things you would see at the kind of coffee breaks and in the corridors, some of those memories still live with me, you know. Bearing in mind, this was back in what, between 2001 and 2005.So very, very early days of smartphones, things like trios and things like that, which seem antiquated now. But I remember coming across two old professors, so probably in their seventies or eighties comparing their smartphones and that like little microcosm, are the things that I loved about the department.Parmvir: Actually, I mean, I think you're, you're definitely selling yourself short. Like nobody would say that you weren't smart enough to be there. And I think one of the things that kind of ties into the, the mental health aspect is that we all felt that way. David: Yeah. Parmvir: Except we didn't express it to anyone else. It's, it's utterly ridiculous. How can we all be the least smart person in the room that's just not possible. David: Yeah. Parmvir: And after that, we all got our PhDs anyway, so, you know yeah. David: I certainly have no regrets about it. And I look back on those times with, with very fond memories, for sure. Parmvir: Yeah. Just talk briefly about what you did for your project and what the difficulties were.David: So the lab that I joined, so which, which you were a part of as well, their specialty was calcium activated potassium channels. And over time, the lab had looked at these ion channels in various different settings. The project that I was given was looking at these channels in vascular endothelial cells, which was a cell type that no one in the lab had ever studied before.Parmvir: Mm. David: So one of the biggest challenges that we were hit with straight away was that no one in the lab could really help that much with firsthand experience of how to obtain these cells, how to isolate them, how to culture them, how to grow them and really how to manage those cell types. So you might well remember that, the first, probably nine months of my PhD was just spent trying to culture these cells. Parmvir: Mm-hmm David: and it started with you know, available tissue from rats and other small mammals.But then eventually we were not having success with culturing cells from those models. So I switched onto pigs and, you know, I'd done a bit of reading that, you know, these vessels, because they were much larger the blood vessels, it was easier effectively to culture cells from, so I looked in the phone book and I found the address of an abattoir out in the middle of Essex.And there began my weekly trip for getting on for two and a half years to the deepest, darkest corners of Essex to go and retrieve pig, coronary artery cells once a week. Parmvir: Yeah. And essentially you suffered because these things were so flat. [David laughs] And when you're trying to, so you, for anyone who's listening, you have to picture trying to get a very, very fine tube onto something that is incredibly flat, and essentially you need this thing to form a vacuum seal and that just wasn't gonna happen. David: No, so, you know, vascular endothelial cells, they're the cells that line blood vessels, which is why they're, they're very flat. They're like tiles almost on the inside of veins and arteries.And you know, with other cells in the lab that were being looked at like the ones that you were looking at, like DRGs and like neurons and things like that, you know, you were basically putting the, the electrode down onto like a ball. Parmvir: Yeah. David: So the gap between the bottom of the dish and the top of the cell was who knows, 10, 20 microns, something like that. The cells that we were looking at, they flattened themselves out so much, they were about one micron, I think we estimated and therefore the tiniest vibration in the room would destroy the cell. And yeah, so the first stage was trying to culture, the damn things, and that was extremely challenging. It took a long time, but nine months of the way through managed it, and then began the whole pain of trying to get electrical recordings from them, which turned out to be as difficult. Parmvir: Yeah. So one of the things, I don't know if we ever talked about this, but what did you aspire to do after you'd done your PhD originally?Like, did you have any kind of idea? David: I mean, I think I was always headed into the pharmaceutical industry, which is where I landed up. In my undergrad degree in, I think my either first or second year, I did a very nice course, which was a kind of practical introduction to the pharmaceutical industry and from very top level, how drugs are developed and how pharma companies are organized internally and how the research progresses. And that, I'd always found that interesting. I mean, I find the entire pharmaceutical industry absolutely fascinating. And still do to this day. It's such an amazingly complex industry. And so, yeah, so I think I'd always been heading in that direction. Sure enough, the PhD certainly made me decide I was done with bench science [Parmvir laughs]. So, you know, by the time you've spent three plus years plodding along with these experiments that have a success rate of one in 50 sometimes. Parmvir: Yeah. David: You know, days and weeks without getting any data, and towards the end, still being in the lab at three o'clock in the morning, trying to get something to work and breaking more and more glassware as time goes on [Parmvir laughs]Yeah, I decided I was done with bench science, although I loved being in the labs, I loved playing in the labs. But I was never that into the kind of reading of the scientific papers and that sort of thing. Once it came down to maths and things like that, I wasn't so engaged. I needed to see practical things. Parmvir: Yeah. I feel like at some point we realized we were both some kind of engineer at heart rather than David: Yeah. Maybe Parmvir: scientist, David: maybe. Parmvir: It's more like, how does this work rather than trying to answer a bigger scientific question. David: Yeah. Parmvir: But obviously you were, you were a little bit scarred by your experience there, and you ended up going off in, I guess, a very different track from what the standard academic education leads you towards. So I think at this point this might be a good place to put your disclaimer in. David: Yes. So I work in the pharmaceutical industry and over time I've worked for, and with a variety of different companies.Any of the content that I describe today are my opinions and my opinions alone, and often they're really based off things which are in the public domain. In fact it's all based off things that were in the public domain and also some of the education that I've received, because actually, even after I finished my PhD, I then years later went on to study a, another academic course specifically in pharmacovigilance and pharmacoepidemiology.Parmvir: Oh, where did you do that? David: London school of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. Parmvir: Oh. David: And it's interesting because it's a short course and I felt was a very valuable course. It's a course where regulatory authorities also send their people to learn too. Parmvir: So there's a lot of questions I can ask next.But one of the things that your job description throws up is this word "pharmacovigilance". What does that mean? David: Okay. So somewhere because I'm not gonna do it justice from memory, I'm going to read out the WHO definition of pharmacovigilance. It doesn't roll off the tongue, unfortunately, which is why it's never quite there in my head.So per the WHO: pharmacovigilance is the science and activities relating to the detection, assessment, understanding and prevention of adverse effects, or any other medicine, or vaccine-related problem. So essentially it is the process and the science relating to drug side effects. Now as you'll remember from pharmacology days, very early on, you're taught that all pharmacologically active substances, if it applies to the human body have side effects. The same side effects are not encountered by every person.And you know, some of the side effects might have obvious clinical manifestations. Some might not, you might get side effects, never know you've had them. And of course they vary massively in severity. So when you are looking at a medicine, particularly one that you're introducing to kind of general use in humans, you have a trade-off to make because you have an expected therapeutic benefit, but you also have to be mindful of potential side effects, particularly serious side effects and how much tolerance you have for those versus the good that the drug is supposed to do.And achieving that balance is one of the big challenges that's faced in drug development.Parmvir: So what you do really, it kind of comes at the end of the whole process of clinical trials and so on for given products, right? David: It actually starts right at the beginning of clinical development.So. Parmvir: Oh, hang on, I have to ask David's question: does that make you a Pharmacovigilante? David: [David and Parmvir laugh] I've often wondered the same thing myself. But yeah, so pharmacovigilance takes off really where toxicology leaves. So before you can put a drug into clinical development, by which I mean development in humans, drugs first have to go through preclinical development and that's where all the various toxicology studies are run.Parmvir: Can you quickly define toxicology for us? David: Sure. It is really focusing on the well, the potentially toxic side of medicines. So before you put a drug anywhere near a human, you want to be absolutely certain that it doesn't cause various catastrophic side effects in humans.So, for example, you need to be confident that it doesn't cause cancer. You need to be confident that it's not gonna cause a heart attack immediately, or cause a stroke immediately or things like that. So as per regulations in pretty much every country in the world, before you put a drug anywhere near a human in a clinical trial, it has to go through a standard set of tests.And there's various ways to achieve that. You know, sometimes those are tests using computer simulated models. Sometimes they are using individual cells or cultured cells or tissues. And sometimes as is well known in the industry they're using animal models and these are legally required tests.So every drug that goes through the process has to go through these. So that's done before it gets to clinical development. And then you start with phase one clinical trials which are studies on, usually on healthy volunteers and they're very small trials. They involve perhaps a few tens of patients. And the only purpose of those trials is to look at the safety and tolerability of the drug. So this is the first time you're putting the drug into humans. There is a bit of an exception to that. So although these are usually conducted on healthy volunteers, for some drugs, including, for example oncology drugs. Those drugs are usually along the more kind of toxic end of agents, so it's not ethical to put those into healthy volunteers. So sometimes those studies are conducted in a patient population. So once a drug moves into human studies into phase one, from that point, really for the rest of the lifetime of that drug as a human medicine pharmacovigilance is involved. So all the way through the phase one, two and three studies and then once the drug goes onto the market, pharmacovigilance continues.So the companies or the pharmaceutical or biotech companies that are developing these assets have a legal requirement to collect and analyze this data on an ongoing basis pretty much forever. Until that drug is eventually, perhaps if it's lucky enough to get to the market, until it's withdrawn from the market, perhaps many decades later.Parmvir: Very good. And I think that there are probably some very topical things that have come up recently as a result of COVID 19, which is important to consider when we're talking about these things, in that we are not just relying on these clinical trials that have gone out to ensure that these things are safe, but once they're out there that you have to continue to get feedback from people who are taking these to ensure that they continue to be safe in the long term, right?David: That's true. So, you know, ordinarily in clinical development, once you get through phase 1, 2, 3, and if you are lucky enough to have a drug, which is sufficiently efficacious, tolerable to go to market, then yes, you know, the drug's released to market and you continue to monitor for this stuff.Vaccines are in a particularly special category because they are drugs that are given to healthy people. Mm yes. And so therefore the benefit risk balance is more complicated in some ways, because , you know, it's, it's hard to consider the benefit to the individual of taking a product when they don't yet have that disease.So now there are other drugs that are in a similar category, other drugs that are given to healthy people. This is where I can ask you some questions. So what, what do you think those other drugs include? Parmvir: Oh, goodness. Um, I'm trying to think off the top of my head, what they might be. David: Yeah. It's very unfair. Parmvir: All I can think of at the moment are the other vaccines. David: Okay. So, Parmvir: but there are lots of prophylactic things. Yeah. Yeah. I can't think of anything David: Contraceptives. Parmvir: The obvious prophylactic. Yes. David: Drugs used for travel. So things like anti-malaria tablets. Parmvir: Oh yeah. David: Drugs used for things like smoking cessation Parmvir: mm-hmmDavid: stuff like that.So again, these are all drugs that are generally given to healthy people. So, you know, and this is where benefit risk balance comes into sharp focus, because if you have a drug that has been developed to treat a very hard to treat cancer, let's say, then when you consider benefit risk balance you know, if these patients are effectively going to die without a treatment, and this is the only treatment available, you might be able to accept that a drug has a one in a hundred chance of causing a fatal stroke. Particularly if that drug is given in hospital and these things can be, can be managed. If however, you are developing a cough medicine, then your tolerance for any type of dangerous side effects is basically zero, and of course, many drugs elsewhere on that scale. So yeah, benefit risk balance is a key part of what has to be looked at during drug development. And yeah, as we say, vaccines are particularly challenging. Often these days when a new drug is developed the clinical development and the studies don't stop necessarily when the drug is released for marketing. So, often as a condition of the marketing authorizations that are granted for these drugs, there have to be continuing studies to look at safety. These are called post-authorization safety studies. And so there's ongoing collection of data in a rigorous way to keep monitoring for various things. Either new things that we didn't know about the drug before, because of course when you're in clinical development, your number of patients is normally quite small Parmvir: mm-hmm David: so you're less likely to spot very rare side effects. You wouldn't usually detect a one in 50,000 probability side effect in a clinical trial cohort. Parmvir: Yeah. David: But sometimes these post authorization safety studies allow you to pick up more of that and enable you to characterize some of the side effects that you do know about more in detail.Parmvir: Yeah. So David B here asks essentially how long do these things go on after the drug's been on the market? For example, is there still pharmacovigilance for aspirin? David: Yes. Every single drug that has a marketing authorization out there it is the law in pretty much every country in the world that all safety data that becomes available to the marketing authorization holders, that's the company that owns the rights to the drug and effectively sells the drug, they're required by law to collect process, analyze and report this data. Now as drugs age, the natural reporting rate for some of these drugs drops so the probability of a physician or a pharmacist or a nurse, or even a patient reporting a side effect probably drops over time because theses are not new medicines anymore, but even so, any data that is collected has to go through that process, which is the pharmacovigilance that we were referring to earlier. In addition to that, all companies with marketing authorizations have to look at scientific and medical literature. It all has to be reviewed, so in European requirements, including the UK on a weekly basis, companies have to trawl some of the big literature databases, such as PubMed and M base, they have to trawl that information for any articles on their drugs. And any indication of side effects or other similar challenges. Parmvir: So how is this information collected and processed? Cause you've said obviously doctors, nurses, patients, they will all report certain things. Mm-hmm how do you kind of get them to a central place and cataloged and how do you decide what are actual side effects versus David: So if we think about the front end of the process, most pharma companies out there will have medical information help lines. So these are help lines that are set out there so that healthcare professionals. So that's the physicians, the, the pharmacists, the nurses and others but also consumers can contact the company for more information about the medicine and also potentially report adverse events, side effects. In parallel to that the same thing's going on with the regulators. So in the UK, for example, we have the yellow card scheme, which these days is a web portal system where anyone can go in and report side effects of medicines they're taking. In the us, you have the MedWatch scheme, which is very similar. Most companies around the world have similar things. Plus you've also got ongoing clinical trials, clinical studies, so data is coming in that way too. We've got data coming in from literature that I've mentioned. The regulators, when they receive stuff directly, they often pass that information over to the pharma company.So essentially all this information is coming towards the pharma company. It all gets directed to a pharmacovigilance department. And then we go through the process of processing that data. And so that data comes in from everywhere around the world where the drug is available for patients to take both in clinical trials and on the market.So the process basically consists of firstly translating the data, if it needs to be translated that gets captured into a safety database and there are various commercial safe databases out there. This is where companies collate all the information received on their drugs. And it goes through a process whereby data is kind of standardized it's put into standard terminology in a way that is compatible with the regulatory requirements. A narrative is constructed. So we write a story of what's happened to the patient from beginning to end. We look at various things like if the information is available to us, you know, what other medications were the patients taking? What's their medical history? What was the sequence of events? So what was the time to onset if possible, if we have that information between the patient taking the drug and them reporting the side effect, what the clinical course of the side effect was, so did the patient recover? Was any adjustment made to the the, the dosing or any treatments given? And so all that gets written up, we then decide what other information do we need to know?And then there's a feedback loop to go and ask the reporter if they'll provide additional information. Usually we ask for more information on more serious adverse events. We don't wanna overburden the reporters. Now reporters in clinical trials, so physicians involved in those, they're legally obliged to help with that process. Spontaneous reporters that we refer to, which is just where any healthcare professional or consumer contacts, the company, that's a voluntary reporting system, so we can ask them for additional information, they don't have to provide it, but we have to ask the questions anyway. So the information gets pulled together. It then goes, usually goes through a medical review, so we have kind of scientists pulling the data together. And then we have physicians reviewing the case, making sure it makes medical sense. And then depending on the seriousness of the case and other attributes, that case might have to be reported out to regulators worldwide.And a lot of the reports which are serious, have to be reported out within 15 days of what we call day zero, which is the first day anyone in the company became aware of the report. Parmvir: Mm-hmm. David: But to give you an idea, the large pharma companies are dealing with potentially tens of thousands of reports a week that are coming in on all of their products. So these are vast systems that are set up and they have to be set up to be able to meet all of the regulatory requirements in terms of timelines, for reporting. So the data's coming in, the expedited reports are going out in the format that the regulators require. We also have to pull together what we call aggregate reports. So these aggregated analyses of data over time for newer drugs, for example, those are submitted in Europe every six months. And then over time as the drug gets older, the gap between reports gets longer. And then also we're doing something, what we call signal section, which is where we are analyzing the data. And we're looking for trends in the data. Where we think we've got patterns we're starting to then look into researching those patterns a little bit more, you know, if we start to see, for example that I don't know that we are getting what appears to be a disproportionate number of nose bleeds, let's say, in a patient cohort, we would, you know, do background research on, well, you know, is there a plausible biological mechanism that we know about through the development of the drug? Was there stuff seen in the animal studies or even the human studies that might indicate that there's a, there's a root cause here.We'll look into confounding effects. Are all these patients on other drugs, which actually are likely causing that? And yeah, so kind of an appraisal is done: what's going on? Is it likely to be caused by something else? And if not, you know, we, keep on looking and those conversations then have to be shared with the regulatory authorities.And over time, what you'll see is the labeling of the product, the professional labeling which in Europe, including the UK, is the SMPC, the summary of product characteristics, which is a bit like the instruction manual for the product, which is available to healthcare professionals and the simplified version of that PIL those little leaflets you find inside of packs, those eventually get revised on an ongoing basis to accommodate the new knowledge that we are gaining on the side effect profile of the drug. So this is an ongoing process and it happens throughout the entire lifetime of the, of the drug. Parmvir: But yeah, so here's a subject that no one's talked about for a little while. COVID 19 David: mm-hmm Parmvir: [laughs] Obviously I know there's probably a collective groan from people listening right now, but it seems like a relevant subject, given the conversations around safety that people are having with regard to the vaccine. So do you know if there's been like a major uptick in these reports by individuals, of side effects from the vaccines, or do you take account of the fact that so many billions of people essentially at this point have received at least one shot of the vaccine versus how many reports you get coming in?David: Yeah. So this is one of the big challenges, and one of the things I should have said about drugs like vaccines is because they're given to such vast numbers of people, it becomes a particular challenge to differentiate between things which are being caused potentially by the vaccine and other things, which unfortunately are just bad luck of being a human being.And by that, I mean, so years ago when I was doing one of the academic courses we were being taught about the vast amounts of research that had to be done in terms of epidemiology before the HPV vaccines were released. So these vaccines were being released for use in teenage girls, and at the time it was felt that there was perhaps an insufficient understanding of the general health of that population, including things like what is the probability of a freak occurrence that a teenage girl is going to have a stroke or something like that? Things which we think of as of course, they're exceptionally rare, but they do happen.Parmvir: Mm-hmm David: and I'm talking about in untreated populations. Parmvir: Yep. David: But of course, you know, some of these patients are also on birth control and things like that, that also have other risk factors associated with them so my understanding is before the HPV vaccines were released, a huge amount of epidemiology research was done so that when the new vaccines were released, we knew that we would expect, and I'm just gonna make up a number here that, you know, one in 500,000 teenage girls would have, I don't know, some kind of fatal event which would just naturally occur, you know, even without them having the vaccine. And so that's similar for other vaccine rollouts as well. There has to be a good understanding of the background events of other things that, people will have happen to them, which have nothing to do with the medicine that you are giving.So, you know, that data is kept available and kept an eye on by the regulatory authorities and also the pharma companies. We don't have background rates for everything, so being prepared for what might come and then, you know, there perhaps isn't so much panic when the first case comes in of a patient that has one of these catastrophic events but if you start to see more than that, that's when you start to perhaps get more interested in: is this really being caused by the vaccine or the drug of interest. So, yeah, a lot of upfront work has to be done before you even put the drug out there. I mean, in terms of the COVID vaccines and the treatments, because of the high degree of public interest and scrutiny a lot of these drugs when they were first given and the vaccines were first given, so adverse events, side effects were tracked through post-authorization safety studies. So actually a lot of people, when they got their first doses, consented to have maybe a follow up call from an investigator who would ask them about various side effects that happened. So in addition to all of the natural spontaneous reporting that was coming in, there were very large cohorts of past study data coming in which is a robust way to look at these things. I know as well, there were legitimate questions about, you know, the COVID vaccines in particular were produced fairly quickly compared to the usual 10 to 15 years in development of, of a product. But you know, there are various reasons for this. So vaccines are perhaps one of the medicines where it's more possible to template out the product and therefore switch out components. But they still have a product which is similar to other products that have previously been used. But also, the COVID era in terms of vaccine development and treatment development was, in my opinion at least a completely unique event in terms of drug development so far. If you think of drug development as a kind of universe, or I'm gonna use some wonky analogies here, but let's say as galaxies, which have solar systems within them that have planets within them.So if you think of the galaxy of drug development you have all of these different stakeholders involved. You have the pharmaceutical companies and biotech companies and the service companies that support them, that's one area. You have the regulatory authorities but you have many other stakeholders.You have patients, of course they're the most important. For chronic diseases you might have patient advocacy groups. But also, you know, you guys are part of this universe as well, because you are the ones doing basic research, which is the foundation on which all, you know, all of this is, is ultimately built. So you have universities and other research organizations. You have the funding bodies that sit behind those that decide where the research money goes. And then out the other end of the process you have ethics committees that are involved in approving clinical trials. You have payers. So these are the organizations that ultimately pay for medicinal products in the UK, for example, that's the NHS. Parmvir: Yep. David: In the US, that would be insurance companies. Parmvir: Yeah. David: You have many other stakeholders. So you have obviously healthcare professionals at the end of the day, new drugs have to be woven into the fabric of medicine. And so you have to bring HCPs along with you. There are the learning bodies as well in relation to HCPs, the kind of professional bodies.So that's really at a kind of galaxy level, these are all the different solar systems. And then within them, if you look at the pharmaceutical biotechnology and service provider solar system, within those you have an incredibly complicated set of different skills departments, functions, you have the functions that are doing discovery.So these are the early days of, development where, you know, biologists and chemists are working out, you know, what are the new therapeutic targets we can look at? Then you have the clinical development division. You have the patent divisions, you have the regulatory affairs functions. You have the pharmacovigilance functions. You have the medical affairs functions, you have the medical information functions [Parmvir cackles]. There are, and I'm going to miss out many, many. You have the, the bio stats folks, you have the medical writers. And then of course you have the manufacturing, which is in itself a completely different, you know, specialized world.So yeah, you're dealing with a very complicated process with lots of things which are interlinked. But for me, if you think of all these things, like if you use layout or different compass, let's say, and I'm talking about the compass you use to check direction, not the ones you used to draw circles [Parmvir laughs] and if you scatter them all out they'll all be pointing at different directions. You know, all of these different entities have their own priorities. Because of course the industry as a whole is developing many different medicinal products for different reasons. I think when COVID came along, it was like drawing a magnet across the top of all those compasses and it got all the needles to point in the same direction.So you had governments who had a clear incentive to try and support the development of treatments. So you had governments putting up money, which was perhaps slightly unusual. They were putting money into basic research, such as the type of stuff that you guys do. They were putting money into diagnostics, which are critical for things like COVID.They were putting money into the development of vaccines and into treatments. And then of course, you know, you have the pharma companies where there was a scramble to try and develop something, to help humanity in its hour of need. You had the regulators with a lot of focus on them you know, and everyone watching their, every move and trying to ensure that you know, as many processes that often might take months, or perhaps even years were made as efficient as possible.Parmvir: Mm-hmm David: And it was a unique point in time because everyone was lined up with the same objective. So it meant, for example, that, you know, parts of the industry, which are normally a nine to five job, became a 24/7 job. Parmvir: Yeah. David: For a short period of time.And there was a huge amount of collaboration, which happened between the different stakeholder groups, you know regulatory authorities offered perhaps free scientific advice to companies that were developing this stuff. They met very regularly with companies that were in development. They gave a lot of advice as to what their expectations were when the data was received by them. They shortened some administrative pathways let's say which usually take a lot of time. They prioritized resource. So there's resource specifically waiting for this data to come in. And so, yeah, a lot of normal processes were adapted so that things could be done as efficiently as possible.And the outcome was that, you know, these drugs went through the entire process in a much more efficient way than would usually be encountered. I think another thing as well is with things like vaccines, the side effects that we anticipate to see, including the rare unusual ones ordinarily these manifest within, you know, days or weeks.It's not something that usually we anticipate things to occur years later. So there was that aspect too, but yeah, it was a, it was a unique time. Parmvir: Yeah. And actually this is a good throwback to Dr. Carina Rodriguez's podcast because she ran one of the clinical trials for the vaccine in children at USF where I work.David: Oh, fascinating. Parmvir: Yeah, so she talked about some of the things that you mentioned as well. David: I should say I was not involved sadly in any of the COVID vaccine development, but you know, it was fascinating to watch and actually to see my profession become a talking point in the news every day. Parmvir: Yes. David: It was very interesting to see all of this play out.Parmvir: Yeah. So actually, that's probably a good point to pause and ask you, what do you actually do? David: Okay. So [everyone laughs]. So as I've kind of indicated the process of pulling in adverse event data of coding it, which is the term we use for tidying up all of the data, putting it into a safety database, writing those narratives, getting the medical review, getting the important cases out the other end to the regulators, writing the reports, doing the signal section.These are very complicated processes and every company will develop them slightly differently. You know, small biotech companies, they might only have one product. It might only be approved in one or two countries. A top five pharma company will have hundreds of products authorized in many countries around the world. But all of these processes are put together in compliance with extremely strict regulations. Regulations that as I said exist in almost every country in the world and actually the regulations kind of cross over in the sense of, if you have a product that's authorized for marketing in the UK and the US, for example you know, the UK requires you to collect all the data and analyze it as does the US.They also require you to collect the data from each other's territories so companies are in the middle of the very complicated regulatory framework, which is a little bit different in each country, but fortunately is harmonized through some international bodies and international terminology. But building pharmacovigilance systems is complicated and it has to be done right. Firstly, for the obvious reason that we want to protect patients it's in no one's interest that that that patients are not protected. But also, you know, the penalties for not complying with these complex regulatory requirements are severe. And so my job really, as a, let's say senior leader within a pharmacovigilance department is to make sure that we build the right structures.And for these companies that we that we keep an eye out on all the areas, which are potential challenges and that companies are being compliant with the legislation to which we're all held. And so, so yeah, so building pharmacovigilance systems, I think is the simplest way I can describe it.Parmvir: It sounds pretty heavy and pretty complicated. David: Yeah. I mean, if you look at the larger pharma companies, if you add up all of the resource that they put into pharmacovigilance that they're legally required to put into pharmacovigilance, to service the needs of their products. A lot of things are outsourced these days, if you the count everything that comes from the outsourcing organizations as well, the big pharma companies have thousands of people like me involved in the processing and analysis of this data. So it is a big area, and that is all we do. You know, we are not involved in any other aspect of the drug. Not involved in the sales and marketing, for example, with the product, that's almost the complete opposite side of the company to us, all we do is you know, work in this very professionalized, very standardized discipline, which is pharmacovigilance. Parmvir: So David has a couple of questions. So first one should be relatively quick, which is that, is there a regulatory authority that is the gold standard? David: [David laughs] This is a very politically sensitive one.There are certainly some regulatory authorities who, particularly in some of the larger markets who are let's say more prominent. So examples would be the US FDA, the food and drug administration that is the drug regulatory authority for the United States. In the UK, we also have an extremely prominent regulator, the MHRA they're one of the oldest regulators, I believe in the world. So that's the UK medicines and healthcare products, regulatory agency. But you know, every country has its own regulator and whilst there are some who put themselves out there, perhaps as world leading regulators, there are just as many others that are doing the same important job for their countries. The European Union and European Economic Area has a slightly more complicated system because they have a coordinating regulatory authority, which is the European Medicines agency, the EMA, who many of you all have heard about in news reports, particularly during the COVID situation. But at a national level, you also have all of the national regulators who are working in tandem with the EMA. Parmvir: Okay. So this sounds quite different from, obviously it's very different from what you were doing during your PhD. David: Yes. Parmvir: He also wants to know, how did your PhD work, prepare you to do what you do now. David: If I could sum it up in one phrase, and this is a phrase which is overused, but I think in this case, it is really true: problem solving.Parmvir: Mm-hmm David: because it's interesting, you mentioned earlier that you and I we're almost engineers. Well, I went from becoming a physical engineer, at least in a lab environment to a process engineer. And, you know, I always used to think very naively when I was doing the basic research with you, I used to think, look, we are solving problems that no one knows the answer to. This must be the hardest job in the world. [Parmvir laughs] We're not solving manmade problems. Manmade problems must be so easy to solve. But no manmade problems [Parmvir laughs] are also particularly challenging. And when I say manmade problems, you know, I'm not talking about problems that someone is deliberately created, it's just, you know, logistical challenges, and just the challenges caused by working in, you know, different regulatory envionments with different sets of requirements and how to build processes that meet all of the requirements at the same time. And react to events, of course, because it might well be that you've had a product that has been ticking along nicely for a long time. And then suddenly there is a safety concern with the product. And if that safety concern is in the public domain, you will be deluged with reports in relation to that product called stimulated reporting. And you know, of course sometimes companies will be subject to class action lawsuits particularly in the US. So they might also receive large volumes of reports all in one go. All of those reports have to meet the same legal timelines, but now suddenly you've got 10,000 reports landed on your desk. Each one takes four hours to process and they're all due to the regulators in 15 days. So yeah, it is challenging working in a hyper regulated environment. Parmvir: Essentially these are problems that come about because we are humans. David: Exactly. Yeah. Parmvir: And we have to somehow live together. David: Yeah. Parmvir: So I had a couple of questions from my little sister and these might not be directly related to your work, but they are related to the fact that you work within an environment that involves clinical trials and patients and so on.And so Sukhy wants to know are side effects from drugs, usually the same for healthy people versus patients. David: This is a great question and cause me a little bit of head scratching. I think, I mean, the answer is it depends, I think by and large. Yes. But there will be some exceptions and those exceptions include things like some of the oncology treatments, because obviously there is an interaction often between the drug and the tumor, for example, so in a healthy person you can't emulate that because there is no tumor. So an example would be a phenomenon called tumorlysis syndrome which can only occur when there's a tumor to react to the particular drug. But by and large, yes, we extrapolate safety data from healthy individuals initially, which is why the earlier phases of studies are done often in healthy volunteers with some exceptions. But yeah. Then when we move on to phase two and then phase three, phase two and three are conducted in patients that have the indication of interest, I have the disease that we're trying to treat.Parmvir: So another question she had: how do you know people who are not healthy will be able to tolerate the drugs given that initially that they're tested on healthy people?David: So the first thing I would say is I'm not an expert in the design of clinical trials, but as I said, as you go through phase one which are the trials that are normally on healthy patients, you actually start out with a tiny, tiny dose. So you have an idea of dosing from your animal studies, but the data isn't always transferrable. But you take the maximum tolerable dose in animals, including in the most sensitive animals. And you then cut that by huge factor by perhaps 500 fold. Parmvir: Right. David: So you start out with a tiny amount and then you escalate up the doses to see how the patients are tolerating the drug, not the patients subject, I should say. So these are healthy volunteers usually. Parmvir: Yep. David: So that's phase one, but yeah, then of course, when you go into phase two, you're dealing with a different patient population. I don't know exactly how that's always done, but of course, you know, trials are put together by experts in the field. And they involve, you clinicians whose expertise is this particular area of medicine.Parmvir: Yeah. David: And of course it's not just the physicians at the pharmaceutical company and the biopharma company and the scientists, I should say as well. Also, this stuff is going to regulatory authorities, it's going to ethics committees, all of whom will have their own areas of expertise. So, you know, protocols are designed around the patient and to ensure the patients are not put at unnecessary risk.Parmvir: Ah, sometimes David sends me one of those questions that really makes me giggle. And this is if regulations are so important and onerous, how do I start my own biotech in the garage? David: [David laughs] Well, it's interesting, you know, companies don't necessarily have to be that big themselves to get started, but what they will need is a lot of help.Parmvir: Yeah. David: So what you'll see these days is you know, new biotechs starting up. But they rely very heavily on outsourcing. So they will partner with service providers with contract research organizations, with contract manufacturing organizations, all sorts of other parties that have the expertise that perhaps they aren't able to pull together themselves.But yeah, there are some companies out there, particularly smaller companies in earlier development that are, you know, pretty small might have 20 people in the company. Parmvir: Yeah. David: But they will need to rely on the help of many others, because going back to the kind of universe description that I gave, you know, there are so many specialized areas that you need to have covered in order to pull together everything you need, both to run a clinical trial. and also to submit a marketing authorization application. And then also keep your product compliant with all of the legal requirements that are out there.Parmvir: It's a lot.David: It is a lot, and you know this is why drug development is so costly because it needs a truly vast number of specialists involved. And, you know, quite a lot of physicians as well. And also, you know, most drugs that enter drug development don't make it all the way through the other end, so the end costs of medicinal products also have to cover the cost of the drugs that didn't make it.And plus companies only have a certain period of exclusivity before their drug becomes generic, i.e., other companies can start making it. Parmvir: So this is purely from a personal perspective, from your point of view: what do you think about the fact that obviously you have these companies who have put so much money developing these things, which were designed to treat a global pandemic. And yet we found that for example, like entire continents, like Africa still don't have a lot of people vaccinated against COVID 19, and those companies will refuse to open up the patents to allow them to be able to get people to stay healthy. David: Yeah, it's an area that really I'm not really sufficiently qualified to talk on. And I'm not just saying that, you know, through not wanting to put my foot in my mouth, but particularly with some of the vaccine technologies that were used, they were not simple medicines to manufacture. So not simple to manufacture, not simple to store, not simple to distribute. And sometimes I guess, it is perhaps a legitimate concern of a company that if other companies start making their same drug to a lower quality, that can have ramifications elsewhere. Now I'm not saying that that was the reason behind some of what you mentioned. Now there was a vaccine that was developed the UK vaccine which was specifically developed from the outset to be made available in developing world countries, let's say, and specifically to be made available at cost. And even the way that product was designed, it can be manufactured and stored at fridge temperature Parmvir: mm-hmm, which is a big deal. David: Exactly. It is a big deal, you know, those are all very important components to consider. A vaccine that could be used in those environments. But even, I remember because I vacuumed up all of the documentaries I think on television, Netflix, everywhere else about all of the challenges that were being faced. And, you know, there were even things that you just wouldn't think about, which was, you know, because the mRNA vaccines had to be stored at -80 [degrees Celsius], there wasn't enough minus 80 freezers in the developed countries, let alone figuring out how to develop and ship these to other countries with different climatic conditions.And so you even had the manufacturers of that type of equipment, having to up their game and suddenly churn out much more equipment than they previously had. So, yeah, there's no simple answer. I mean, historically there've been other challenges in the past with other types of drugs, such as the HIV medications. In the end access to those drugs was resolved through very careful dialogue between companies, regulators others. Access issues, I believe to those drugs, and again, this is just basically what I see on documentaries and other things; where are access problems these days, they're not in relation to the drug supply chain they're in relation to other things like people not wanting to come forward and receive treatment because of the stigma associated with things like that.Parmvir: So in short, do you enjoy your work? David: I do. I mean, I can honestly say that in my work every day is different. I'm very privileged in my job to support a number of different companies that are developing different products with a very wide variety of indications. And also, you know, just when you think you've seen it all worked with a wide variety of medicinal products, suddenly something completely new will come along. For example, we are now on the precipice of many commercial gene therapies coming out. Parmvir: Ooh. David: And you know, those products have some different considerations. Perhaps some of these interventions are irreversible Parmvir: mm-hmm.David: So, you know, what happens if patients do start developing something rare and unexpected. You have patients surviving a lot longer than was originally envisaged so, you know, are there other things which come about you know, as a result of the underlying disease that just no one had ever seen before. And yeah, many other types of technologies and the regulations are always having to evolve to take into account of these new therapies and the challenges associated with them.Parmvir: Well, it sounds like you will continue to live in interesting times. David: Yeah. I don't think I'm going anywhere anytime soon . Parmvir: Well, thank you so much for your time today, David. That was fantastic. And yeah, as I say, we kind of thought of you as soon as we started thinking about the safety surrounding things like COVID vaccines and knew that was your jam.So yes, we very much appreciate your time today. David: Okay. Thank you very much. [musical interlude]David: So I mentioned earlier that at an early point in my PhD, I switched to studying vascular endothelial cells that were harvested from pigs. So essentially these were pigs that were being slaughtered for the meat industry. And so I had to look through a phone book and identify an abattoir that I could go to and get the tissue that I needed to do my experiments so obviously this all had to start somewhere. So I put in a call to an abattoir in deepest, darkest Essex. And I gingerly made my way on the train to this place, which of course was in the middle of rural nowhere. And unfortunately the first day that I picked to go, it was snowing. Now we don't get vast amounts of snow in Southern England, but this was a decent sprinkling of snow. So I arrived in this quiet rural destination and I walked across various fields. I think I'd perhaps just got GPS on my phone, but it was very early days. And I was lost in fields of white in no time at all. So I ended up putting in a call to, the guys, to, come and pick me up, which they very kindly did. So then, you know, at that time I really didn't know what a coronary artery looked like so what I decided to do for that first trip was I just collected the fresh hearts that they were able to bring out the processing facility. So these were kind of warm pig hearts, freshly harvested from animals. I think I had three hearts or something like that. And so I had a large polystyrene box with me with some ice in it. And I think they were kind enough to give me the ice, as I put these hearts inside bags and put them in the box and then started making my way back to London. And of course, you know, this being a cold day, the heating was on, on the train, and so as I was sat on the train, in fact, I think it was when I got onto the tube, I suddenly became horrified that my polystyrene box was starting to leak water. And of course I knew, but no one else knew on the tube that within that water were bags, perhaps not secured, very tightly containing hearts and containing probably a fair amount of blood.And I suddenly started sweating that this puddle that was starting to pull around my polystyrene box on the floor of the tube would suddenly start to go pink and then red. And then before I knew it, I would be in serious trouble. So it was just one of those situations where the tube journey seemed to get longer and longer, and I was sweating more and more and then it got to the point where I felt that I couldn't wait any longer, so I kind of dashed outta the tube at the next station went up what was perhaps one of the longest escalators on the underground and managed to just get out the other side before I caused perhaps a fake terrorist incident or something like that. I was trying to think about how I would explain that I'd got three hearts in my polystyrene box and a set of scalpels bearing in mind that pig's hearts are very similar size to human hearts as well. So, yes, I managed just about to get to the lab. I clearly looked quite distressed, I suppose when I got back to the lab. So I started telling this story to my PhD supervisor, Dennis, and uh a retired professor that had come into the department, Don. And before too long, the two of them were crying with laughter at my story.So, um, so yeah, so that was my very first trip and yes, never, never forgotten.[musical outro]David: Our lab, when we first joined, it was quite old and a bit dog eared. And there was one particular chair in the office, which was, I mean, it was like a typical office swivel chair, but it had definitely seen better days and it was extremely uncomfortable. And when we had lab meetings, no one wanted to sit on this chair. And so Parmvir and I nicknamed it, Beelzebub's stool.

Recently introduced, the Remote Medicine iBSc explores the challenges of providing medical care in remote environments and unique challenges in supporting medical space exploration! Listen to Afrida in conversation with KCL medical student Jasmine to learn about what an iBSc in this area entails and whether it's all you've been looking for!

Academic Andrea Ellner and author Katharine Campbell discuss the concept of moral injury. In the first of two episodes on moral injury in the military, hosts Demi and Emma are joined by Andrea Ellner, a Lecturer in Defence Studies at the Defence Studies Department at King's College London, based at the Joint Services Command and Staff College in Shrivenham. Andrea's work focuses on gender and security, and civil-military relations and ethics, with a particular interest in moral injury. She is a Member of the Board of Directors for the Society of Military Ethics in Europe (EURO-ISME).

AABP Executive Director Dr Fred Gingrich is joined by Kerry Courchaine, Director of Technical Services for Darling Ingredients Inc. Darling Ingredients is the largest rendering company in the US and was founded 140 years ago. Courchaine discussed the history of rendering the importance of rendering to the livestock industry both in providing a mechanism for utilizing dead stock as well as slaughter offal. Rendering is part of the sustainable food system by utilizing human-inedible components of slaughtered and dead animals to turn it into useful fat and protein material which prevents these products from ending up in landfills. Rendered protein is used as fertilizer, livestock feed and pet food. Rendered fat is used as livestock and pet food as well as in industrial applications such as renewable fuels. In 2015, pentobarbital residues were found in pet foods and after FDA investigations, a zero tolerance for pentobarbital in rendered fat was implemented. The current test detection limit for pentobarbital is 10 ppb and Courchaine explains that one cow euthanized with pentobarbital could contaminate over 1 million pounds of raw material. In addition, cleaning to remove pentobarbital residues from rendering equipment creates a challenge. The positive rate has dropped from around 5% to 3.4% for pentobarbital residues in rendered products. While pentobarbital is an approved method for humane euthanasia of cattle, veterinarians are encouraged to reserve this method as a last resort instead of a routine method of euthanasia due to the high risk of environmental or rendered product contamination. Veterinarians should develop, train and monitor humane euthanasia protocols for all farm clients. If chemical euthanasia is implemented, it is recommended to consider alternatives to pentobarbital such as placing the animal under general anesthesia (i.e., xylazine and ketamine) and the implementing a second step such as exsanguination, intrathecal lidocaine, or IV injection of a saturated salt solution (KCl or MgSO4).  Links:AABP Humane Euthanasia of Cattle Guidelines Chasity Bagsby, Anita Saha, Granville Goodin, Sheeba Siddiqi, Mary Farone, Anthony Farone & Paul C. Kline (2018) Stability of pentobarbital in soil, Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B, 53:3, 207-213, DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2017.1406714 

Um dos destaques é o Super Simples, que tem relação de troca caindo pela metade. KCl acumula baixa de 13% em um mês e ureia também cede no mercado interno. Negócios com fertilizantes para a safra 2023/24 de soja já começam a ser fechados.

In the West we routinely witness instances of intergenerational sniping – Boomers taking potshots at over-privileged and under-motivated Millennials, and Millennials responding with a curt, “OK, Boomer.” What do we make of this, and is it anything new? These are questions Bobby Duffy, professor of public policy and director of the Policy Institute at Kings College London, addresses in his latest book, Generations – Does when you're born shape who you are? (published as The Generation Myth in the United States). In this Social Science Bites podcast, Duffy offers some key takeaways from the book and his research into the myths and stereotypes that have anchored themselves on generational trends. “My one-sentence overview of the book,” Duffy tells interviewer David Edmonds, “is that generational thinking is a really big idea throughout the history of sociology and philosophy, but it's been horribly corrupted by a whole slew of terrible stereotypes, myths and cliches that we get fed from media and social media about these various differences between generations. My task is not to say whether it's all nonsense or it's all true; it's really to separate the myth from reality so we don't throw out the baby with the bathwater.” One thing he's learned is that the template for generational conflict is fairly standard over time, even if the specifics of what's being contested are not. “The issues change,” he explains, “but the gap between young and old at any one point in time is actually pretty constant. … We're not living through a time of particularly ‘snowflake,' ‘social justice warrior' young people vs. a very reactionary older group – it's just the issues have changed. The pattern is the same, but the issues have changed.” Taking a look at climate change, for example, he notes that there's a narrative that caring young people are fighting a careless cadre of oldsters unwilling to sacrifice for the future good. Not so fast, Duffy says: “The myth that only young people care about climate is a myth. We are unthinkingly encouraging an ageism within climate campaigning that is not only incorrect, but it is self-destructive.” That example, he notes, adds evidence to his contention that “the fake generational battles we have set up between the generations are just that – they are fake.” In the podcast, Duffy outlines the breakdowns his book (and in general larger society) uses to identify cohorts of living generations: Pre-war generation, those born before the end of World War II in 1945. Duffy says this could be broken down further – the so-called Silent Generation or the Greatest Generation, for example – but for 2022 purposes the larger grouping serves well. Baby Boomers, born from 1945 to 1965 Generation X, 1966 to 1979 (This is Duffy's own generation, and so, with tongue in cheek, he calls it “the best generation”!) Millennials, 1980 to around 1995 And Gen Z, ending around 2012 He notes that people are already talking about Generation Alpha, but given that generation's youth it's hard to make good generalizations about them. These generation-based groupings are identity groups that only some people freely adopt. “We're not as clearly defined by these types of groupings as we are by, say, our age or educational status or our gender or our ethnicity.” His research finds between a third and half of people do identify with their generation, and the only one with “a real demographic reality” (as opposed to a solely cultural one) is the Baby Boomers, who in two blasts really did create a demographic bulge. Duffy, in addition to his work at King's College London, is currently the chair of the Campaign for Social Science, the advocacy arm of Britain's Academy of Social Sciences. Over a 30-year career in policy research and evaluation, he has worked across most public policy areas, including being seconded to the Prime Minister's Strategy Unit. Before joining KCL he was global director of the Ipsos Social Research Institute. His first book, 2018's The Perils of Perception – Why we're wrong about nearly everything, draws on Ipsos's own Perils of Perception studies to examine how people misperceive key social realities.

Dr Roberts is an addiction psychiatrist and research fellow working in South London, working with people with addiction to substances as well as addictive behaviours, like gambling. He conducts research looking at the impact of policy changes on patients, such as their ability to access healthcare services. He was the clinical lead for the Homeless Hotel Drug and Alcohol Service (HDAS) in London - the first such service covering all of London, during the Covid-19 pandemic. He has recently been awarded a 5 year fellowship developing interventions to improve care for people with drug use, and another fellowship in health policy. In this episode, we discuss drug consumption rooms, reasons for why the UK has had the highest drug-related deaths on record in the last year, and how policy and services could be different in order to address this.These are some of the reports mentioned in the episode:Lessons Learned from the Pan-London Homeless Hotel Drug & Alcohol Support Service (HDAS) https://osf.io/7cdbx/Three qualitative reports from KCL reporting on the “Experiences Of Being Housed In A London Hotel As Part Of The ‘Everyone In' Initiative” https://osf.io/rt7j9/Interviewed by  Dr. Anya Borissova - Give feedback here - podcast@maudsleylearning.com -  Follow us here: Twitter @maudsleypodcast Instagram @maudsleylearningpodcast

The Filtrate:Joel TopfJoshua WaitzmanNayan AroraJennie LinSophia AmbrusoSpecial Guest:Paul A Welling Editor:Sophia AmbrusoShow Notes:NephJC Summary on SSaSSPaul Welling's tweetorial on the potassium switchThe 2016 Canadian Hypertension guidelines were the first to suggest adding potassium: Hypertension Canada's 2016 Canadian Hypertension Education Program Guidelines for Blood Pressure Measurement, Diagnosis, Assessment of Risk, Prevention, and Treatment of HypertensionSwapnil's Potassium Trial: Diet or additional supplement to increase potassium intake: protocol for an adaptive clinical trialWhen Food Firms Cut The Salt, What Do They Put In Instead? From NPR.Effect of increased potassium

Hosted by Andrew Keen, Keen On features conversations with some of the world's leading thinkers and writers about the economic, political, and technological issues being discussed in the news, right now. In this episode, Andrew is joined by Alice Sherwood, author of Authenticity: Reclaiming Reality in a Counterfeit Culture. Alice Sherwood has worked in TV as a documentary producer and as Head of Audience for the BBC's Digital Curriculum, and an advisor to the Economist and Pew Trust's ‘Evidence Initiative'. She is currently a Senior Visiting Research Fellow at the Policy Institute at King's College London. She also sits on the board of an open source intelligence company, runs London's premier women's network, and has served as a trustee of the Hay Festival Foundation and the London Library. She has degrees in Philosophy and Chemistry, an MBA from INSEAD, and an MA in Literary Criticism and Narrative Non-fiction. She has given talks and chaired panels at The British Academy, UCL, KCL, The Hay Festival and the How to: Academy. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In this week's episode Hazel is joined by Dr Eirini Dimidi, a registered dietitian and Lecturer in Nutritional Sciences at KCL. Dr Dimidi is undertaking research on nutrition-based interventions, including fibre, plant foods, prebiotics, probiotics, and the low FODMAP diet, in gastrointestinal health. Topics include:* What is gut health?* How do we know if we have a healthy gut microbiota?* IBS: diagnosis, management, and dietary advice* The Low FODMAP diet * Probiotics and their role in IBS and in healthy individuals* Evidence for probiotic food and drink in gut healthn* IBS and a plant-based diet* Food and Mood: the gut-brain axis.If you loved this episode make sure to give it a review, rating (hopefully 5 stars) and share it with your friends and family. @thefoodmedic/www.thefoodmedic.co.uk