Podcasts about t cells

You've probably heard of Omicron, but what about Nimbus and Stratus? These are the latest COVID strains spreading around the world, and for most people they'll amount to a heavy cold at worst, lasting just a few days. Or will they? Are these coronaviruses doing more to our immune systems than meets the eye? Like this podcast? Please help us by supporting the Naked Scientists

In this episode of the Ageless Future podcast, Regan Archibald sits down with Dr. Natalia Mitin, a leading researcher in immunology and longevity, to discuss how aging is fundamentally driven by the immune system. Dr. Mitin breaks down complex mechanisms like immunosenescence and T-cell exhaustion and introduces her company's breakthrough SapereX test, which measures immune system age with high precision. They explore why traditional longevity biomarkers like telomeres often miss the mark, and how direct T-cell gene expression provides clinicians with actionable insights. This episode also covers key interventions—from stem cell support to senolytics—and emphasizes the importance of tailoring protocols based on actual biological needs rather than trends. Dr. Mitin and Regan underscore a powerful message: true longevity starts with personalized diagnostics and measured interventions, not guesswork. www.saperex.comhttps://www.linkedin.com/in/nataliamitin/ 

Dr. Derya Unutmaz joins Dr. Buck Joffrey to discuss the critical role of T cells in the immune system, their changes with aging, and the implications for chronic diseases. He emphasizes the importance of thymus regeneration and the microbiome's influence on health. The discussion also covers advancements in engineering immune cells for cancer treatment and the potential of AI in revolutionizing aging research and drug discovery. Unutmaz expresses optimism about the future of aging research, highlighting the need for a shift in how aging is perceived in the medical community. Learn more about Dr. Derya Unutmaz: https://www.jax.org/research-and-faculty/faculty/derya-unutmaz - Download Dr. Buck Joffrey's FREE ebook, Living Longer for Busy People: https://ru01tne2.pages.infusionsoft.net/?affiliate=0 Book a FREE longevity coaching consultation with Dr. Buck Joffrey: https://coaching.longevityroadmap.com/

Immunotherapy expert Dr. David Oh explains how the immune system can be trained to recognize and fight prostate cancer. He outlines key immune players—dendritic cells and T cells—and describes how immunotherapies target different stages of their interaction with tumors. Oh highlights FDA-approved treatments such as Provenge, a vaccine made from a patient's own cells, and PD-1 checkpoint inhibitors for patients with specific genetic mutations like microsatellite instability. He also discusses potential autoimmune side effects and emphasizes the importance of genetic testing. Looking ahead, he introduces bispecific T-cell engagers, experimental therapies that physically link T cells to tumors, triggering an immune attack. These promising treatments offer new hope, especially for men with advanced, treatment-resistant prostate cancer. Series: "Prostate Cancer Patient Conference" [Health and Medicine] [Show ID: 40811]

Immunotherapy expert Dr. David Oh explains how the immune system can be trained to recognize and fight prostate cancer. He outlines key immune players—dendritic cells and T cells—and describes how immunotherapies target different stages of their interaction with tumors. Oh highlights FDA-approved treatments such as Provenge, a vaccine made from a patient's own cells, and PD-1 checkpoint inhibitors for patients with specific genetic mutations like microsatellite instability. He also discusses potential autoimmune side effects and emphasizes the importance of genetic testing. Looking ahead, he introduces bispecific T-cell engagers, experimental therapies that physically link T cells to tumors, triggering an immune attack. These promising treatments offer new hope, especially for men with advanced, treatment-resistant prostate cancer. Series: "Prostate Cancer Patient Conference" [Health and Medicine] [Show ID: 40811]

Dr. Hoffman continues his conversation with Dr. Robert Silverman, author of "Immune Reboot: Maximizing Immunity, Restoring Gut Health, and Optimizing Vitality."

Dr. Robert Silverman, author of "Immune Reboot: Maximizing Immunity, Restoring Gut Health, and Optimizing Vitality," provides a comprehensive primer on the immune system. He explains how lifestyle factors—diet, sleep, exercise, and stress—impact immune resilience. He offers specific protocols for optimizing resistance to Covid, what to do if you come down with it, and how to treat Long Covid, as well as how to prepare for vaccines. 

TWiV reviews fradulent science becoming an industry, FDA may not authorize Pfizer COVID vaccine for young kids, Kennedy won't push strict pesticide regulations conserved betacoronavirus sequences recognized by human T cells, and Bispecific antibodies protect against herpes recurrent disease. Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Alan Dove, and Brianne Barker Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiV! Links for this episode Support science education at MicrobeTV Frontiers in Comparative Systems Virology Fradulent science becomes an industry (Science) FDA may not authorize Pfizer COVID vaccine for young kids (CIDRAP) Kennedy Won't Push Strict Pesticide Regulations (NY Times) Conserved betacoronavirus sequences recognized by human T cells (Cell) Bispecific antibodies protect against herpes recurrent disease (Cell Rep) Letters read on TWiV 1245 Timestamps by Jolene Ramsey. Thanks! Weekly Picks Brianne – New Study Suggests Using AI Made Doctors Less Skilled at Spotting Cancer Alan – Save the Microbes effort gets off the ground Vincent – Dr. Vinay Prasad's Catch-22: The Only Way He Can Truly Succeed at His Job is to Get Fired Again Listener Picks Chaim – “Virus Hunters” by Greer Williams Bridget – Wave Life Sciences and their potential treatment for Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv Content in this podcast should not be construed as medical advice.

Get My Book On Amazon: https://a.co/d/avbaV48Download The Peptide Cheat Sheet: https://peptidecheatsheet.carrd.co/Download The Bioregulator Cheat Sheet: https://bioregulatorcheatsheet.carrd.co/

Welcome back to Ditch the Lab Coat, the podcast where we break down the fascinating world of medicine with a blend of scientific skepticism and real-world insight. In today's episode, we dive deep into the mysteries of the vagus nerve—a nerve so ancient and essential, it's been called the “conductor” in the symphony of human physiology.Join host Dr. Mark Bonta as he sits down with Dr. Kevin Tracey, neurosurgeon, president and CEO of the Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, and a pioneer in the world of bioelectronic medicine. Dr. Tracey's breakthrough research has shown us that the vagus nerve is far more than just a conduit for signals—it's a key player in managing inflammation, regulating our immune system, and maybe even shaping the future of medicine.In this conversation, you'll explore the mind-bending complexity of the nervous system, discover how cutting-edge science is redefining how we treat diseases like rheumatoid arthritis and long Covid, and learn how a tiny chip implanted in the neck might one day replace whole classes of immune-suppressing drugs. Dr. Tracey shares metaphors, straight talk about medical myths, and a vision for a future where reprogramming the body's reflexes could offer relief to millions.Get ready for a journey that's equal parts awe-inspiring and practical, as we unpack the true potential (and real-world considerations) of harnessing the vagus nerve's power. Whether you're a healthcare professional, a science nerd, or just someone searching for new answers, this episode invites you to see medicine in a whole new way. Resources : ( https://feinstein.northwell.edu/ )Episode HighlightsVagus Nerve Complexity Unveiled — We're only scratching the surface of understanding the vagus nerve's vast, intricate network and its essential bodily roles.Inflammation: Friend and Foe — Inflammation is vital short-term, but when uncontrolled, it's destructive and underlies many autoimmune and chronic diseases.Nervous-Immune System Interplay — The nervous and immune systems communicate reflexively, with nerves directly capable of controlling immune and inflammatory responses.Bioelectronic Treatments Emerge — Vagus nerve stimulation—via implanted chips—shows promise for conditions like rheumatoid arthritis without full-body immunosuppression risks.Individualized Nerve Fiber Functions — Each of the 200,000 vagus fibers controls specific functions, forming a body-wide symphony of precision responses.Not All Self-Help Fits — Lifestyle hacks can support vagus health, but serious disease often requires targeted nerve stimulation, not general wellness.Caution Against Online Misinformation — Vagus nerve advice online is often oversimplified or inaccurate; nuance and scientific backing are essential.Lifestyle Still Matters — Balanced diet, sleep, exercise, and community all help regulate vagus nerve tone and reduce chronic stress.Future Disease Applications Possible — Vagus stimulation may treat IBD, MS, and neurodegenerative or psychiatric conditions as research evolves.Episode Timestamps6:25 — Exploring Nervous System Complexity9:08 — Vagus Nerve Controls Inflammation11:05 — Vagus Nerve: Brain Signals Control Inflammation15:45 — Nervous System's Role in Immunity20:43 — Understanding Your Vagus Nerves23:25 — Vagus Nerve Health and Research25:12 — Vagus Nerve Stimulation Insights29:36 — Vagus Nerve Stimulator: Inflammation Therapy32:13 — Neurotransmitter Effects on Cytokine Production38:22 — Minimizing Nerve Damage in Surgery39:30 — Vagus Nerve Stimulation Benefits43:42 — Exploring Vagus Nerve Mysteries46:42 — Vagus Nerve Stimulation for Autoimmune Diseases50:52 — Cold Plunges & Bioelectrical Future DISCLAMER >>>>>>    The Ditch Lab Coat podcast serves solely for general informational purposes and does not serve as a substitute for professional medical services such as medicine or nursing. It does not establish a doctor/patient relationship, and the use of information from the podcast or linked materials is at the user's own risk. The content does not aim to replace professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment, and users should promptly seek guidance from healthcare professionals for any medical conditions.   >>>>>> The expressed opinions belong solely to the hosts and guests, and they do not necessarily reflect the views or opinions of the Hospitals, Clinics, Universities, or any other organization associated with the host or guests.    Disclosures: Ditch The Lab Coat podcast is produced by (Podkind.co) and is independent of Dr. Bonta's teaching and research roles at McMaster University, Temerty Faculty of Medicine and Queens University. 

Vincent and Cindy discuss differences between MPox-specific T cell responses following infection and vaccination, and lymph node macrophage control of memory B cell localization and trafficking that might be important for choosing which arm to get a vaccine. Hosts: Vincent Racaniello and Cindy Leifer Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of Immune! Links for this episode MicrobeTV Discord Server Different T memory response to MPox infection or vaccination (Nat Comm 2025) Macrophages direct B cell recall responses after vaccination (Cell 2025) Time stamps by Jolene Ramsey. Thanks! Music by Tatami. Immune logo image by Blausen Medical Send your immunology questions and comments to immune@microbe.tv Information on this podcast should not be construed as medical advice.

Before I begin this episode, which covers quite a bit of diverse territory, I'd like to mention once again, the purpose of this podcast. Essentially, it is based on personal growth and everything that I share here serves the same purpose – to present some information for you to consider and see if it rings true. These aren't teachings, for I don't consider myself to be a teacher. I'm more of an experiencer walking a particular path and reporting back as I go.             So each episode is a bit like an idea buffet. If something looks good, put it on your plate and give it a try. If it doesn't appeal to you, just leave it alone and move on to the next dish. It reminds me of this big Chinese food buffet that our little family, my wife, our daughter and I, used to visit on our way to the shore when we would take a little vacation together. My wife and daughter have the same basic taste in foods which is somewhat Eastern with a tendency towards the exotic. I am a much more standard, pedestrian, American food type of guy. After we were seated, we would go through the buffet separately and when we got back to the table, my wife and daughter's plates looked basically the same. But mine looked like I had been to a completely different restaurant. The difference was striking.             It's the same thing here. We're all wired so differently. Remember no two sets of fingerprints are exactly the same, neither are two snowflakes, and certainly not two inner landscapes.  So, if you like what follows, enjoy yourself. And if it's not for you, just hit fast forward.             So, sticking with the food metaphor, here comes the meat and potatoes. As I've mentioned previously, a lot of times, I'll just be going along, living my day to day existence, and I'll come across an idea or a quote that takes me on an unexpected journey. Often, one of these little journeys will lead to another, and then to another – until I suddenly wind up in a slightly different inner framework, with a bunch of new insights in hand. And this happened to me quite recently.             As I mentioned in the last episode, I have been developing a form of AI to serve as a companion to the NeuroHarmonic Method. For now, we are calling it the NeruoGuide and part of my role in this process involves the two of us, me and NeuroGuide, having some extended conversations together. We don't have time to get into it here, but it's been quite a fascinating experience.             Now, I am absolutely swamped with work. I don't think I've ever been busier, so what do you think I did the other day. If you've come to know me to a certain degree, you can probably guess – I took three hours off and played some golf. And again, as I've mentioned several times, I am such a truly poor golfer that the idea of my spending any time with it at all, feels like a complete waste of time.             And it wasn't even fun. Let's just say it felt like eating at a smorgasbord of disappointment. My swing, if you want to call it that, is just a hack-job, and when I hit the ball, it looks like a mad scientist trying to kill his worst enemy with a hatchet. You get the picture.             Anyway, I get back to work and as part of my research, I tell the NeruoGuide about the whole thing, and it immediately says that play is much more important to the human psyche than we know and out of know-where, drops this quote from Einstein, "Play is the highest form of research."             Now that hit me on a couple of levels. First, the fact that it came from Einstein caught my attention, just because of the level of intelligence that he represents to me. The second thing was that any correlation between play and research seemed almost counter-intuitive. On the surface, they basically seem like complete opposites. But it was the third thing that really got me thinking. I immediately figured that the quote didn't really pertain to me because I don't do research, at least not any that I'm aware of. But as I thought about it, I felt I needed some more clarity, so I looked up the definition of the world “research,” and found a rather bland definition, which is that it is “the systematic investigation into and study of materials and sources in order to establish facts and reach new conclusions.”             It seemed like you couldn't come up with a more scientific explanation of the process than that. As I focused on the definition, it seemed to me that research had to have a purpose. Like scientists developing T-Cell therapy to find a cure for cancer. That type of thing.             Then, as it often happens when I am in this kind of a framework, I had a bit of a lightbulb moment and I suddenly got to something rather deep. When I looked at it in a certain way, it became clear to me that I actually am doing research. In fact I have been spending my whole life doing research, gathering all of the higher understandings that I can gather about life, with the goal of understanding my real purpose for being here, and ultimately fulfilling it.             Obviously, that's a lot of words. But for me, I realized quite some time ago that given the overall impermanence of everything, achieving the standard definitions of success in life just doesn't seem like enough. If everything—even the universe—will eventually end, then what's the point? And so, echoing a sentiment expressed by seekers across time, I always find myself asking: isn't there more to this than meets the eye? There has to be more to it than that. Now, what happened next might seem like a tangent, but it's not. We have a one-year-old granddaughter. When she arrived, my wife and I were inducted into the hallowed halls of grandparent heaven, and we've been blissfully intoxicated ever since. The joy and gratitude have blown the doors off both our outer and inner homes.             But along with the amazement of witnessing her living through her very first year, I began to reflect again on something I first learned about many years ago - the basic stages of life, which is something that we are all living through individually.             Let's go back to when and how I first encountered this idea. Following my graduation from college in 1971, I began a significant inner quest that has only gotten stronger over time. At one point, early in my explorations, I spent some time in India and one teacher was lecturing about certain Vedantic viewpoints and introduced the idea of the stages of life. He said that Stage One was early childhood, where all we think about is – my toys, my toys, my toys. In Stage Two, we reach puberty, and all we think about it is – my mate, my mate, my mate. Then we hit real adulthood, and all we think about for the rest of our life is – my worries, my worries, my worries. And that was the end of the first night's lecture.             Now I don't know about you, but for me, Part Three seemed a little depressing. At least Parts One and Two had some serious elements of fun to them. But worrying away the rest of your adult life didn't strike me as an appetizing main course. But the next night, he told us that there is a fourth stage, but many people, for one reason or another, never get to experience it. And that stage is the exploration of the Real Self, which is quite different from the artificial self. The artificial self goes through its fixations on my toys, my mate and my worries. But the authentic self is focused on my truth, my truth, my truth. And it always has been. And basically,  if you're lucky enough to focus on your authentic self as you continue to mature internally, something wonderful happens. All the impermanent things you've clung to begin to fall away. And this inner truth—your connection to the Infinite—remains steady. That connection, and your enjoyment of it, only grows over time. Here's another way of looking at it, which is one of my favorites. I heard this during a talk from Prem Rawat, who is a widely recognized global peace ambassador. I also consider him to be a real humorist, which is different from being a comedian. A comedian says funny things, but a humorist says things funny. Meaning that while a comedian's goal is to entertain people by making them laugh, a humorist's goal is to make truthful observations in a way that augments the ring of truth by adding the ring of wise laughter. It's a very powerful combination. Anyway, in describing the journey we are on, Prem likened it to traveling in a car. It's a long journey and as we go on, one thing after another starts to break down. This keeps happening until finally, the whole car breaks down and comes to a complete halt. But the good news is that it breaks down right in front of our home, which was our destination anyway. So, the fact that it all fell apart doesn't matter to us at all. Because we're home. Interesting view of impermanence… So now, let's circle back to my disappointing golf experience, and the insight from the  NeuroGuide that I should ponder Einstein's quote, “Play is the highest form of research.” Again, having these kinds of conversations is a key part of our development process., so I asked the NeuroGuide to reflect on the quote. It said, “In mentioning research, Einstein wasn't just talking about scientists in lab coats. He was pointing toward a deeper truth. Play brings curiosity, improvisation, experimentation. When you play, you're not just seeking pleasure. You are letting go of control and inviting insight. You're giving permission to explore without demanding a result. “The child who stacks blocks to see what will fall is not that different from the adult who experiments with new approaches to their awareness. They're both asking the same question: What if?”             And that's where we'll leave it today. What if I actually am a researcher? And what if letting go of control and inviting insight is the highest form of research? What if each time I shed a layer of the artificial self, I come closer to the Real Self, the one that keeps whispering: my truth, my truth, my truth? And what if this merging into the Real Self is the actual purpose of my existence? What if?             Let's just leave it there and as always, keep your eyes, mind and heart open, and let's get together in the next one.  

Terrie Magro will talk about her son Mark who was diagnosed with Hodgkins Lymphoma, just before turning 11 years old in mid March of  2004, and then on June 8th of that year, her 13 year old son Michael was diagnosed with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia with a rare T Cell variation . Mark is now nearing 32 years of age and is doing well both health and career wise but unfortunately, Michael passed away on July 30th of 2004, only 52 days after his diagnosis.  

On the Naked Scientists News show: a new UK trial seeks to infect healthy people with malaria in a bid to get to grips with the dormant stage of the infection. Then, we hear how T cells could be the key to ensuring more organ transplant successes, and should we all be taking fewer flights? Also, some curious observations regarding chimpanzees and their communal toilet routines... Like this podcast? Please help us by supporting the Naked Scientists

Join Dr. David Jockers as he delves into the transformative effects of fasting on inflammation and immune rejuvenation with guest expert Dr. Joseph Antoun. Explore how this ancient practice, backed by modern science, can slow aging and enhance overall health.   Learn about the fasting-mimicking diet, a groundbreaking approach that combines the benefits of traditional fasting with nutrient intake, ensuring compliance and accessibility for everyone interested in a healthier lifestyle.   Uncover the potential of fasting strategies in managing autoimmune diseases and chronic conditions. Understand how targeted fasting protocols can regenerate the immune system and reduce medication dependency.   In This Episode:   00:00 Introduction to T Cells and Inflammation 01:56 Guest Introduction: Dr. Joseph Antoun 04:22 Understanding Chronic Inflammation 06:38 The Role of Fasting in Reducing Inflammation 12:31 Fasting Mimicking Diet: Concept and Benefits 18:44 Fasting and Gut Health 27:27 The Role of Gut Health in Metabolism 30:13 Fasting Mimicking Diet and Aging 31:24 Prolon's Impact on Biological Age 33:16 Fasting Mimicking Diet Protocols 37:29 Diabetes and the Fasting Mimicking Diet 43:39 Future Research and Focus Areas 45:03 Insurance and Medically Tailored Meals 48:08 Final Thoughts and Inspiration 51:36 Conclusion and Call to Action     Struggling with low energy, frequent colds, or dull skin? Vitamin C is essential for boosting your immune system and revitalizing skin health. Paleo Valley's Essential C Complex, made from potent whole food sources, ensures you get these benefits naturally, without synthetic additives.   Enjoy a special 15% discount on your first order of Paleo Valley's Essential C Complex by visiting PaleoValley.com/Jockers. Harness the power of nature with this whole food supplement to support your health effectively.   Kick off the new year by supercharging your gut health with Just Thrive Probiotic! Unlike ordinary probiotics that perish before they even reach your gut, Just Thrive's revolutionary formula is clinically proven to arrive 100% alive. This ensures optimal digestive health, robust immunity, and vibrant energy—essential components for anyone aiming to conquer their wellness goals this year.   Perfect for supporting effortless weight management, Just Thrive Probiotic is your go-to for a healthier lifestyle. Don't wait to start feeling your best—head over to justthrivehealth.com and use code Jockers to snag a 20% discount on your first purchase. Here's to a healthier, happier you with Just Thrive! Unlock the secrets of your body's unique nutritional needs with Genova Connect's Metabolomix Plus, an easy at-home test that dives deep into your metabolism. This comprehensive assessment reveals critical insights into your amino acids, vitamins, antioxidants, and fatty acids levels, guiding you to optimize your diet and supplements with precision. Ready to revolutionize your health? Visit GenovaConnect.com to discover how you can fine-tune your nutrition for peak performance and vitality     "Inflammation is a process that accelerates aging... It happens with aging itself and it gives it a kick even to age faster" ~ Dr. Joseph Antoun   Subscribe to the podcast on: Apple Podcast Stitcher Spotify PodBean  TuneIn Radio     Resources: Visit justthrivehealth.com and use code Jockers for a 20% discount Paleovalley - visit paleovalley.com/jockers Visit GenovaConnect.com   Connect with Dr. Joseph Antoun: Website - https://prolonlife.com/ Book - https://a.co/d/dadmN6V Connect with Dr. Jockers: Instagram – https://www.instagram.com/drjockers/ Facebook – https://www.facebook.com/DrDavidJockers YouTube – https://www.youtube.com/user/djockers Website – https://drjockers.com/   If you are interested in being a guest on the show, we would love to hear from you! Please contact us here! - https://drjockers.com/join-us-dr-jockers-functional-nutrition-podcast/  

This week, Jonathan is joined by Dr Shahram Kordasti, Associate Professor in Applied Cancer Immunopathology at King's College London, UK. In this episode, Dr Kordasti discusses the immunobiology of Myelodysplastic syndrome and Aplastic anaemia, the role of CD4+ T cells in myeloid malignancies, and how cutting-edge computational tools are enhancing treatment strategies.   Timestamps:  (00:00)-Introduction  (01:23)-Hodgkin's lymphoma origin   (04:21)- Immunobiology of diseases  (08:55)-Plasticity of T cells   (13:42)-Computational biology and multiomics for patient stratification  (21:00)-Standardising immune monitoring  (25:41)- Pretreatment with systemic agents  (27:55)- Myeloproliferative neoplasms  (31:48)-Synthetic data generation   (36:22)-Exciting developments on the horizon   (39:16)-Three wishes for healthcare  

At the School for Influenza in Brisbane, TWiV speaks with Kirsty, Erik and Rebecca about their careers and their research. Host: Vincent Racaniello Guests: Kirsty Short, Erik Karlsson, and Rebecca Cox Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiV! Links for this episode Support science education at MicrobeTV Diabetes, obesity, and COVID-19 severity (Diab Care) Rice farming and zoonosis in Cambodia (One Health) Influenza correlates of protection (mBio) Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks! Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv Content in this podcast should not be construed as medical advice.

TWiV travels to Brisbane, Australia for the Options XII for the control of influenza conference, and meets up with Stephanie Gras and Jenna Guthmiller to talk about their careers and their research. Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Kathy Spindler, and Steph Langel Guests: Stephanie Gras and Jenna Guthmiller Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiV! Links for this episode Goldilocks zone of influenza immunity (J Inf Dis) Broadly neutralizing HA antibodies (Nature) T cell epitopes needed for influenza vaccines (Clin Transl Immunol) T cell epitopes conserved in emerging H5N1 viruses (Clin Transl Immunol) Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks! Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv Content in this podcast should not be construed as medical advice.

From the 2024 International Hepatitis B virus meeting in Chicago, TWiV speaks with Mala Maini and John Tavis about their careers, the replication and transmission of HBV, and the HBV Foundation. Hosts: Vincent Racaniello and Rich Condit Guests: Mala Maini and John Tavis Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiV! Links for this episode MicrobeTV Discord Server Immunobiology and pathogenesis of hepatitis B virus infection (Nat Rev Immunol) HBV Foundationhttps://www.hepb.org/ Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks! Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv Content in this podcast should not be construed as medical advice.

Immune explores the immunological diversity in the upper airway, including memory B and T cells and germinal center B cells, and how chronic infection with Plasmodium parasites leads to development of B cell cancers. Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Cindy Leifer, Steph Langel, and Brianne Barker Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of Immune! Links for this episode MicrobeTV Discord Server Immune memory diversity in human upper airway (Nature) How Plasmodium infection promotes B cell cancers (Cell) Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks! Music by Tatami. Immune logo image by Blausen Medical Send your immunology questions and comments to immune@microbe.tv

TWiP reviews a study showing that intestinal helminth infection impairs vaccine-induced T cell responses through an IL-10 pathway, which compromised protection against antigenically drifted SARS-CoV-2 variants. Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Daniel Griffin and Christina Naula Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Links for this episode Join the MicrobeTV Discord server Worms impair COVID vaccines (Sci Trans Med) Heligmosomoides image (Wiki Commons) Become a patron of TWiP  Send your questions and comments to twip@microbe.tv Music by Ronald Jenkees

From the American Association of Immunologists 2024 conference in Chicago, Cindy and Steph meet up with Rafael Polidoro to talk about his career, the research of his laboratory on how the gut microbiome modulates the local and systemic immune responses during infections. Hosts: Cindy Leifer and Steph Langel Guest: Rafael Polidoro Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of Immune! Music by Tatami. Logo image by Blausen Medical Send your immunology questions and comments to immune@microbe.tv Content in this podcast should not be construed as medical advice.

Frank and Jacque discuss issues Frank has been seeing in the field with Hayward salt systems, pump cavitation, and, once again, the benefits of borates. Get 10% off on Camereye purchase from camereye.ai with coupon code DEEPEND24 - the ultimate pool safety and monitoring solution. Save 10% on CycloneFilterTools on purchases from CYCLONEFILTERCLEANER.COM with coupon code DEEPEND Big savings on CU Lator products at CULATOR.COM, use coupon code DEEPEND44 The Deep End Pool Podcast focuses on residential pool maintenance and may not cover commercial pool requirements. Please consult the CDC and local authorities and code requirements for commercial pool maintenance. Email us questions and show suggestions at deependfrank@gmail.com. visit our home page thedeependpoolpodcast.com Our sponsors for the 2024 podcast season. poolwerx.com. jandy.com. bluerayxl.com cyclonefiltertools.com. ipssa.com allsafepool.com clearcomfort.com poolmagazine.com, Periodic Products / CULATOR.COM 00:00 Introduction, Jacque is back 09:27 Hydraulics, It needs to be easier for a pump to pull water than to push water. A gravelly noise means the pump is cavitating. If using a suction side cleaner, you should not have to cavitate the pump to achieve proper suction on the cleaner. 14:00 How diverter valves work. 19:22 Hayward salt systems. The control system has to be properly set to the correct salt cell. There are 4 different T Cell sizes. If your controller is reading significantly off from water tests, it may need to be set to the proper cell size. The salt reading is high on the Hayward salt system. Salt system salt readings can vary 400-600 ppm from water test results and still be considered within range. Do not always trust the salt system readings from the salt control system. Test your water. Do not over-salt your pool. 30:00 If you are not qualified to work on electrical work, please do not work on pool lights or other components of electrical system. 30:40 Story of pool owner allowing kids to swim when they were receiving an electrical shock in the pool. Bond wires connect all metal components of a pool together and give an easy path to ground. This helps prevent potential electrical shock from stray electricity. 37:00 Borates. Borates have several benefits and no bad side effects for a swimming pool. Borates reduce the growth rate of algae. Borates help stabilize pH. Borates soften the pool water. Borates is a clarifier.

In this episode of JCO Article Insights, Rohit Singh interviews Dr. Ticiana Leal on the editorial, "Back to the Drawing Board: Overcoming Resistance to PD-1 Blockade." TRANSCRIPT The guests' disclosures can be found in the transcript. Dr. Rohit Singh: Hello and welcome to JCO's Article Insights. I am your host Rohit Singh and today we will be discussing the JCO article, “Back to the Drawing Board: Overcoming Resistance to PD-1 Blockade.” And we are joined by the senior author of the article, Dr. Ticiana Leal. Dr. Leal is an Associate Professor in the Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology at Emory University School of Medicine, and she serves as director of Thoracic Medical Thoracic Oncology Medical Program and Multidisciplinary Thoracic Oncology Leader at the Winship Cancer Institute. She also served as a member of the Board of Directors at the Georgia Society of Clinical Oncology.  Dr. Leal, welcome to our podcast and thank you for joining us. Dr. Ticiana Leal: Thank you, Rohit. Thank you for this interesting opportunity to discuss our editorial. My co-authors and I are very glad to be here today. So, Dr. Jennifer Carlisle and Dr. Liu were co-authors with me on this editorial. Dr. Rohit Singh: It's a really good article. And just for our audiences, the article again, titled “Back to the Drawing Board: Overcoming Resistance to PD-1 Blockade,” it discusses the challenges and the potential strategies for overcoming resistance to immune checkbox inhibitors in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. In this article, Dr. Leal and colleagues talk about the second line of drug when the patient developed disease progression while immunotherapy and they develop resistance and their definitions and what to do.  So, to Dr. Leal, can you please explain the mechanisms of primary and acquired resistance to immune check prohibitors in non-small cell lung cancer? I also saw in your article you proposed the definition of immunotherapy resistance in solid tumors, distinguishing between primary resistance and acquired resistance. So, if you can please share your thoughts and explain their mechanism. Dr. Ticiana Leal: So primary resistance and acquired resistance are related to tumor intrinsic and tumor extrinsic factors. And this is mainly clinically defined as of now according to previous response patterns and timing of occurrence, and these definitions can be heterogeneous, and we certainly think that biologically they can be very different. And it can be different according to prior therapy, whether patients got immunotherapy as PD-1, PD-L1 inhibitor alone or combination strategy with CTLA-4, or the combination with chemotherapy. But the patterns of resistance can be very different and can be based on defects and antigen presentation. It can also be due to tumor microenvironment immunosuppressive effects, and there are also additional inhibitory checkpoints that can be involved.  The definition in terms of when to call it primary or acquired resistance at this point has really been based on consensus guidelines by SITC, by Esmo, as well as our group Lung-MAP has developed clinical trials in this space. Specifically, through Lung-MAP, we've defined and incorporated the definition of acquired resistance as patients who have had prior exposure of 84 days or greater and then have had progression of their disease.  Dr. Rohit Singh: I can see why it is so challenging to come up with a standard definition for immune checkpoint resistance and I think incorporating these definitions and predictive biomarkers for clinical trial design is going to be more important going forward. Your article talks about CONTACT-01 study, so can you please discuss the CONTACT-01 study and how the shifting treatment paradigm in the first-time study impacted it and at the same time also discuss the potential implication of the differential outcome observed between the men and women in the CONTACT-01 study. Dr. Ticiana Leal: CONTACT-01 was a much-awaited study. The authors, Dr. Neal et al, looked at a very important question in the area of immunotherapy resistance. So, CONTACT-01 was a randomized phase three global study that investigated the combination of cabozantinib plus atezolizumab versus docetaxel in patients previously treated with chemotherapy and immunotherapy. And as background, cabozantinib is an inhibitor of multiple receptor tyrosine kinases including VEGFR-2, MET, RET and TAM family kinases. Preclinically, cabozantinib could lead to immuno permissive tumor microenvironment and so it was rational to combine it with a PD-1 inhibitor. In early results of a phase 1B expanded cohort of COSMIC-021 showed really promising results of this combination which led to the rationale of CONTACT-01. In this study, however, patients that were included had different prior treatment sequences. They could have had prior immunotherapy alone followed by chemo or the opposite, or they could have had prior immunotherapy and then upon progression gotten a combination of immunotherapy plus chemotherapy. That to say that immunotherapy rechallenge is something that people are doing in clinical practice given the unmet need and the desire to overcome immunotherapy resistance. But perhaps that also includes a more resistant population of patients, and these patients certainly could have had heterogeneous mechanisms of resistance which could have impacted these results.   The study did not meet the primary endpoint of overall survival. We saw a median overall survival of 10.7 months with the combination of atezo plus cabo and 10.5 months with docetaxel alone. In terms of the differences between sex that we saw in the CONTACT-01 study, just to go back in terms of the preclinical studies that have been done, there have been some preclinical studies that demonstrated that perhaps there may be some biological differences in models of different genders in mice. However, in the clinical setting, there have been, I think, contradicting results. A meta-analysis showed that perhaps women derive less benefit than men. Other studies have shown that perhaps women have more adverse events to immunotherapy. In this study specifically, only about 20% of the patients enrolled were women and the majority actually had non squamous histology. And we saw here less benefit for immunotherapy in women. But again, I think the numbers here are quite small. This is an exploratory analysis and I do think it highlights though the importance of making sure that we include populations and have higher rates of accrual, not only in women, but in other representative populations. In this study, only about 1% of the patients were black. Dr. Rohit Singh: Yeah. Thank you so much for highlighting those disparities. I think it's very important to make sure that we have proper representation of all the groups in our trials. I think based on just coming off the VEGF inhibitors, I think the Lung-MAP trial S1800A, showed a significant improvement in median OS with the combination of pembrolizumab and ramucirumab compared to standard of care. Do you envision any future commission therapies targeting the VEGF pathway with immune prohibitors in non-small cell lung cancer?  Dr. Ticiana Leal: I definitely think that targeting VEGF with multikinase TKIs based on the studies that we have seen, several now randomized phase 3 studies showing that this strategy is ineffective. So, this has been quite disappointing. But we've now seen the results of CONTACT-01, that we're just discussing here, but also other studies, including SAPPHIRE, which was also a randomized phase 3 that investigated nivolumab plus another VEGF multikinase TKI, sitravatinib. And then we also saw LEAP-008, which was a negative study investigating lenvatinib plus pembrolizumab. There still is a question though, whether you can target the VEGF pathway inhibition with a monoclonal antibody, so that's ramucirumab targeting VEGFR-2 plus ICI, and whether that can actually be an effective strategy. In our Lung-MAP trial, the S1800A, this study was a randomized phase 2. Here we used the definition of acquired resistance of patients receiving prior immune checkpoint inhibitor for a minimum of 84 days, and they were randomized to the combination of pembrolizumab plus ramucirumab versus investigator's choice of standard of care, which did include docetaxel, ramucirumab, docetaxel gemcitabine and methotrexate. This was a positive study. It led to significant improvement in median overall survival and there weren't any significant safety signals here. And we're waiting for another confirmatory study called the Pragmatica-Lung study.  Dr. Rohit Singh: Yeah, I did have one patient who raced through pembro, and I utilized this combination and was able to get some responses.  You mentioned Pragmatica-Lung trial. Can you provide more information about the ongoing Pragmatica-Lung trial and its potential impact on the treatment paradigm? Dr. Ticiana Leal: Yeah, the Pragmatica-Lung trial is an ongoing study, S2302. This is an effort that is ongoing. Dr. Karen Reckamp is the chair of this study. And this is a study that actually has a very, I think, modern study design. The term Pragmatica, this is an effort that is supported by the NCI to really propose a clinical trial design that is pragmatic to promote diversity and inclusion in clinical trials. The aim of this trial specifically is to validate what we saw in terms of overall survival in S1800A. So, in this study, patients with previously treated advanced non-small cell lung cancer are randomized 1:1 to the combination of pembrolizumab plus ramucirumab versus standard of care for patients previously treated with immunotherapy and chemotherapy for stage 4 recurrent non-small cell lung cancer. Primary endpoint here is overall survival. And I think this kind of highlights what we were talking about in terms of empowering investigators to treat patients in a clinical trial more so like a real-world setting. And I think this can be paradigm changing and decrease barriers to enrollment and also include now the real-world population that we see in clinical practice. Dr. Rohit Singh: Yeah, changing gears a little bit. I think your article also mentioned other agents that have been tested in ICI resistance settings, like lenvatinib-sitra. However, those trials results have been disappointing. What are the possible reasons behind those dose point results with multikinase inhibitors?  Dr. Ticiana Leal: We saw some really interesting, promising overall survival results with these combinations in phase two setting. In the phase 1B expansion with CONTACT-01, we saw prolonged overall survival that we thought would be promising enough to investigate in a phase 3. Ultimately, I don't know because there weren't any biomarkers that we could really tease out what was going on. Again, to highlight that both in LEAP-008 as well as CONTACT-01, there was no definition of immunotherapy resistance, which could have impacted, and we did choose the definition for SAPPHIRE, that patients had to have acquired resistance and immunotherapy had to be the most recent prior therapy. Ultimately, one potential reason for why these are not effective could be that this targeting with a multikinase TKI with multiple targets is ineffective, and you really have to target VEGF more precisely, which is the case here of ramucirumab, which targets VEGFR-2, and whether there are differences between a TKI and a monoclonal antibody may also impact the outcomes here.  Dr. Rohit Singh: You mentioned biomarkers. Do you think, are there any other potential biomarkers beyond PDL-1 or human mutation burden expression that can help us predict the response image checkpoint, especially in non-small cell lung cancer? Dr. Ticiana Leal: I think that's a great question. I definitely think that more effort needs to be dedicated, and of course, there are multiple efforts in this direction. One of the challenges, obviously, has been to obtain tissue to do this biomarker testing in clinical trials. When you look at CONTACT-01, they did PDL-1 expression, but this was all based on archival tissue and it was all based on standard of care, local testing. So, a lot of heterogeneity there, and certainly using PDL-1 at baseline from initial diagnosis for a second line trial may have significant flaws there. Ultimately, right now, for clinical practice, there isn't anything that's ready for prime time. But certainly, it sounds like, based on what we're seeing, that combining biomarkers is more likely to improve the accuracy. And I think a single biomarker alone is probably going to have insufficient predictive capacity. It'd be great to be able to better comprehensively characterize an individual's tumor, to individualize immunotherapy strategies in this relapse setting.  Dr. Rohit Singh: Yeah, definitely. We need more, better biomarkers. Coming to your point of heterogeneity, PD-L1. I myself had a patient, when we got PDL expressions from one site, they gave us one to 49%. However, for the testing, I sent the patient to a further lab at outset and PDL turned out to be 80%. But that was from a different site because of the bio sets only. Yeah, to your point, it's very heterogeneous and definitely we need to be more cautious interpreting those.  In that trial, in CONTACT-01, we have, through the patient who have oncogenetic lung cancer. Are there any plans to explore the role of immune checkpoint in oncogenetic lung cancer, especially like non-EGFR, non ALK? I know those are the ones that we have seen in multiple studies that don't respond but are other oncogenetic lung cancer is getting more and more target treatments coming out for non-small lung cancer? Dr. Ticiana Leal: Yeah. So, for patients with driver mutations, the paradigm has been well established that if there is a driver mutation, the patient should receive the appropriate targeted therapy. Immunotherapy as monotherapy has been ineffective in a lot of the patients with driver mutations beyond EGFR and ALK, certainly RET and HER2, ROS1, or other driver mutations that we believe that immunotherapy alone is ineffective. However, we are seeing some interesting ongoing clinical trials, or completed clinical trials investigating immunotherapy in patients with driver mutations. Going back to the EGFR population, we recently saw the results of HARMONi-A, which investigated ivonescimab, which is a bispecific antibody hitting PD-1, and VEGF, that in combination with chemotherapy, improved progression free survival in patients with EGFR mutated, non-squamous, non-small cell lung cancer with progression on prior TKI treatment. So, I think it is still an area of active investigation, and I do think that ongoing trials, perhaps with different PD-1, PD-L1 combination strategies such as bispecifics may be interesting but does require investigation. Dr. Rohit Singh: Yeah, definitely. It looks like combination therapy is going to be the most likely answer coming forward with more research, we're able to figure out the best possible treatment in this subgroup of patients. Considering the current challenges and ongoing research efforts, how do you see the field of non-small cell treatment evolving in coming years? Dr. Ticiana Leal: This is an interesting and important question. I think it's been really exciting to be working in thoracic oncology research. We have seen that these research efforts have led to advancement in the field. I think we need to continue to partner and collaborate with institutions, partner with industry, and also with patients and patient advocates to design clinical trials that are really going to focus on the needs of our patients in clinical trials. The gap in the second line and beyond after immunotherapy failure is a significant one. So, I do think that the challenges are to continue to develop biomarkers, to really understand who will benefit from immunotherapy strategies, who benefits from combinations, and most importantly, who does nothing. I think biomarkers are going to be something that we need to continue to incorporate in clinical trials, and I do think that there's a lot of room for hope and promise in the field. We've seen some interesting results with antibody drug conjugates and the combinations there may also be of interest. And then other important strategies, we're looking at T Cell engagers and different drugs with different mechanism of actions, including CAR T and vaccines. So beyond immune checkpoint inhibitors, I think we have different classes of drugs that may lead to different treatment strategies for patients in second line and beyond.  Dr. Rohit Singh: Yeah, certainly we have seen such extensive development in lung cancer. However, there's still a lot to be done as you just mentioned.  Thank you so much Dr. Leal for your time and great insights discussing your article with us. Dr. Ticiana Leal: Thank you. Dr. Rohit Singh: Thank you for listening to JCO Article Insights. Don't forget to give us a rating or review and be sure to subscribe so you never miss an episode. You'll find all ASCO shows at asco.org/podcast.    The purpose of this podcast is to educate and to inform. This is not a substitute for professional medical care and is not intended for use in the diagnosis or treatment of individual conditions.   Guests on this podcast express their own opinions, experience, and conclusions. Guest statements on the podcast do not express the opinions of ASCO. The mention of any product, service, organization, activity, or therapy should not be construed as an ASCO endorsement.     Dr. Leal Disclosures Consulting or Advisory Role Company name: Novocure Company name: Amgen Company name: Roche Company name: AstraZeneca Company name: Regeneron Company name: Novocure Company name: Takeda Company name: Jazz Pharmaceuticals Company name: Catalyst Pharmaceuticals Company name: Pfizer Company name: Janssen Company name: Genentech Company name: Novartis Company name: Sanofi Company name: BMS GmbH & Co. KG Company name: Abbvie Company name: OncoC4 Research Funding Company name: Pfizer Company name: Daiichi Sankyo/Astra Zeneca Travel, Accommodations, Expenses Company name: Regeneron Company name: Sanofi  

From the American Association of Immunologists 2024 conference in Chicago, Cindy and Steph meet up with Jane Buckner to talk about her career, and the research of her laboratory on mechanisms by which regulation of the adaptive immune response fails or is overcome in the setting of human autoimmunity. Hosts: Cindy Leifer and Steph Langel Guest: Jane Buckner Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of Immune! Music by Tatami. Logo image by Blausen Medical Send your immunology questions and comments to immune@microbe.tv Content in this podcast should not be construed as medical advice.

TWiV reviews measles in Kenya, a trial for a intranasal COVID vaccine, dengue in the Florida Keys and in Central/South America, Spain connecting government with scientists, T cell activation and viral RNA fragments persist for up to 2 years after SARS-CoV-2 infection, and durable cross-reactive and protective antibodies against avian N2 neuraminidases elicited by A(H2N2) and A(H3N2) influenza pandemics. Hosts: Vincent Racaniello and Alan Dove Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiV! Links for this episode MicrobeTV Discord Server Measles in Kenya (WHO) Intranasal COVID vaccine trial (NIH) Dengue in Florida Keys (Florida Health) Dengue rising in Central/South America (NPR) Spain to connect scientists with government (Science) Persistence of T cells and viral RNA after SARS-CoV-2 infection (Sci Transl Med) Influenza pandemics induce cross-reactive antibodies against avian N2 (Nat Comm) Letters read on TWiV 1129 Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks! Weekly Picks Alan – The first few minutes of this video by Roger Barnes Vincent – Billy & Molly: An Otter Love Story Listener Picks Fernando – A City on Mars Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv

Immune travels to Chicago for the American Association of Immunologists conference where they meet up with Joseph Larkin III to talk about his career and his research on the contribution of T lymphocyte subsets and functions in maintaining tolerance. Hosts: Stephanie Langel and Brianne Barker Guest: Joseph Larkin III Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of Immune! Links for this episode MicrobeTV Discord Server Th17 cells in immunity and autoimmunity (J Immunol Res) COVID-19 booster enhances virus neutralization by milk (Front Nutr) SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in milk and infant stool after maternal immunization (J Perinatol) Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks! Music by Steve Neal. Immune logo image by Blausen Medical Send your immunology questions and comments to immune@microbe.tv

This episode of The Naked Scientists: How scientists are getting to grips with the UK's E. coli outbreak. Lettuce leaves look like the source, but how? Also, how atomic bomb tests have helped us build a better picture of how much carbon plants can lock away - and the news is both good and bad. And, how scientists near Norwich are sniffing the air... for DNA. Like this podcast? Please help us by supporting the Naked Scientists

In this riveting presentation, Dr. Brooke Goldner elucidates her specialized approach focused on cellular repair to counter various health issues, including autoimmune diseases and inflammation. Through a diet rich in raw vegetables and a balanced lifestyle, Dr. Goldner highlights the potential of nutrition in not just managing but possibly reversing symptoms of serious ailments. With a dedicated Q&A session, she addresses queries on specific health concerns, offering hope and a fresh perspective on holistic wellbeing. #CellularRepair #HolisticHealth #DrBrookeGoldner

Today I am addressing the "early steps" in combatting Lyme or mold. So, I begin by diving into the phenomenon of Herxheimer reactions, elucidating its occurrence following antimicrobial therapy initiation for Lyme disease. Through this, I explore the intricate interplay between microbial factors, such as the release of endotoxins (LPS), and host immune responses, leading to a cascade of inflammatory reactions. Moreover, I provide practical strategies that may help mitigate Herxheimer reactions, including gradual dose titration, anti-inflammatory supplementation, binders, baths, and support for the body's natural detoxification pathways (liver, lymph, kidneys, and more). Topics: 1. Understanding Herx Reactions - Definition and Manifestation - General Overview of Symptoms 2. Underlying Mechanisms of Herx Reactions - Host Immune Responses - Microbial Factors 3. Microbial Factors in Herx Reactions - Release of Endotoxins - Role of Gram-Negative Bacteria - Impact on Immune Response (LPS) - Example: Lyme Disease as a Model 4. Inflammatory Response - Pro-inflammatory Cytokines - TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β - Immune Response Propagation - Vasodilation - Vascular Permeability - Immune Cell Recruitment 5. Acute-Phase Response - Ex: Induction of Fever via the Hypothalamus - Systemic Manifestations and Other Symptoms 6. Phagocytic Immune Cells - Macrophages - Antigen Presentation - Cytokine Release - Neutrophils - Role in Early Innate Immune Response 7. Transition to Adaptive Immune Response - Specificity - Role of T Cells and B Cells - Immunological Memory 8. Implications of Inefficient Adaptive Immune Response Activation - Chronic Infection and Inflammation - Cause: Disruption in Antigen Presentation 9. Biotoxin Illness and Genetic Factors - Role of HLA Genes - Chronic Inflammatory Response Syndrome 10. Mitigating Herx Reactions - Slow Titration of Antimicrobial Therapy - Reducing Inflammation: Omega-3s, SPMs, Curcumin, Quercetin, Ginger, Boswellia, etc. - Supporting Clearance Pathways - Liver, Lymph, Kidneys - Hydration and Proper Elimination - Epsom Salt Baths - Use of Binders: Activated Charcoal, Chlorella, Cholestyramine etc. Thank you to our episode sponsor: ⁠Check out The Honest Tooth Here!⁠ Thanks for tuning in! Get Chloe's Book Today! "⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠75 Gut-Healing Strategies & Biohacks⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠" If you liked this episode, please leave a rating and review or share it to your stories over on Instagram. If you tag @synthesisofwellness, Chloe would love to personally thank you for listening! Follow Chloe on Instagram ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠@synthesisofwellness⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Follow Chloe on TikTok @chloe_c_porter Visit ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠synthesisofwellness.com⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ to purchase products, subscribe to our mailing list, and more! Or visit ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠linktr.ee/synthesisofwellness⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ to see all of Chloe's links, schedule a BioPhotonic Scanner consult with Chloe, or support the show! Thanks again for tuning in! --- Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/chloe-porter6/support

Episode 128 of the Long Covid Podcast is a chat with Nigel McCracken, COO of Virax Biolabs & Sean Knight, Clinical research fellow at the University of Manchester. Nigel and Sean are working together in collaboration on a study to dive deeper into T-Cell exhaustion in people with Long Covid.We take a deep dive into T-Cells, immunology and the quest for a biomarker!Virax Biolabs Long Covid research at Manchester For more information about Long Covid Breathing, their courses, workshops & other shorter sessions, please check out this link(music - Brock Hewitt, Rule of Life) Support the Show.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~The Long Covid Podcast is self-produced & self funded. If you enjoy what you hear and are able to, please Buy me a coffee or purchase a mug to help cover costs.Transcripts are available on the individual episodes hereShare the podcast, website & blog: www.LongCovidPodcast.comFacebook @LongCovidPodcastInstagram & Twitter @LongCovidPodFacebook Support GroupSubscribe to mailing listPlease get in touch with feedback and suggestions or just how you're doing - I'd love to hear from you! You can get in touch via the social media links or at LongCovidPodcast@gmail.com**Disclaimer - you should not rely on any medical information contained in this Podcast and related materials in making medical, health-related or other decisions. Ple...

TWiV reviews influenza H5N1 in North American cows and in birds throughout New York City, polio health emergency extended, ChatGPT to control vaccine hesitancy, increasing viral hepatitis worldwide, dengue public health alert in Puerto Rico, cherry trees drowning in Washington DC, death of iron lung Paul, origin and dispersal history of hepatitis B virus in Eastern Eurasia, and antibody-independent protection against heterologous SARS-CoV-2 challenge. Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Alan Dove, Rich Condit, and Kathy Spindler Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiV! Links for this episode MicrobeTV Discord Server MicrobeTV store at Cafepress Become a member of ASV (asv.org) The New City by Dickson Despommier (blog post) Navigating the U.S. Immigration System webinar International Conferene on Pandemic Preparedness Avian influenza in dairy cows North Carolina and South Dakota H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4 Pathogenic flu throughout NYC Polio from Afghanistan to Pakistan extending public health emergency CHAT GPT to combat vaccine hesitancy Viral hepatitis worldwide Dengue public health alert in Puerto Rico Cherry trees being drowned by water level rise in DC Paul in iron lung dies (NPR) Hepatitis B virus in Eastern Eurasia (Nat Comm) Antibody-independent protection against heterologous SARS-CoV-2 (Nature) Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks! Weekly Picks Brianne – Do Other Planets Have Solar Eclipses? Kathy – Radcliffe Wave and Mt. Etna smoke rings with video Rich – Spongy Oak Apple Gall Wasp (Amphibolips confluenta) Life cycle; Gall formation Alan – Rogue attempt to clone giant sheep for captive hunting Vincent – The Scientists Rock. Literally. Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv

On episode #49 of the Infectious Disease Puscast, Daniel and Sara review the infectious disease literature for the weeks of 2/14 – 2/27/24. Hosts: Daniel Griffin and Sara Dong Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of Puscast! Links for this episode Viral HIV Cure?  (NEJM) The effects of HIV-1 antigen-expanded specific T-Cell therapy and vorinostat on persistent infection (JID) The burden of HMPV and influenza associated hospitalizations in adults (JID) Bacterial Length of antibiotic therapy among the hospitalized with uncomplicated pneumonia (Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology) Guideline on fecal microbiota–vased therapies for some gastrointestinal diseases (Gastroenterology) Guideline on fecal microbiota–based therapies for recurrent C diff (CIDRAP) Reduced vancomycin susceptibility in Clostridioides difficile (CID) Fungal Histoplasmosisin non-HIV population (OFID) Parasitic Plasmodium falciparum under the host's Immune radar(JID) Did you hear Artemether-lumefantrine is recommended for uncomplicate malaria CID) Miscellaneous Uncompensated work in academic infectious diseases, seriously? (CID) Invasive mosquito Anopheles stephensi, Ghana (Emerging Infectious Diseases) Music is by Ronald Jenkees

無數科學家們研究並開發新的治療方法來對付癌症，這個令人聞之色變的疾病。從早期的非專一性的化學和放射線治療，到約西元 2000 年出現的標靶療法 (targeted therapy)，以及過去十年開始興盛的免疫療法 (immunotherapy) 等，每一步都是跟癌症對抗的重要里程碑。而從 2017 年 FDA 核准六款 CAR-T (Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-cell) 細胞療法之後，CAR-T 細胞療法成為癌症研究和治療的一大主流方向。與此同時，目前核准的 CAR-T 療法需要從病人身上取得 T 細胞，改造後放回病人體內，高度客製化的要求導致療程的費用高昂；另外，目前的療法使用病毒將遺傳物質帶入取出的 T 細胞，以表達特定受體，但並非所有細胞都能承受這樣的改造流程，種種原因限制了 CAR-T 療法在臨床治療的影響力。 針對這些現有療法的不足，蕭世嘉博士創辦的育世博公司另闢蹊徑，將點擊化學（此技術獲2022年諾貝爾化學獎）應用在免疫細胞改造，避免了一些免疫細胞經病毒改造後失去活性的限制，並成功開發兩款改造 T 細胞進入臨床試驗。 想知道一般免疫細胞為何需要做專一性抗體修飾，育世博的抗體細胞連結技術 (Antibody Cell Conjugate, ACC) 和之前的改造方法相比還有何優勢，以及創辦新公司需要考慮哪些因素，千萬不要錯過這集精彩的訪談！  

In our final episode of 2023, the JHLT Digital Media Editors have two manuscripts from the December 2023 issue of The Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation! Digital Media Editor Erika Lease, MD, transplant pulmonologist at the University of Washington in Seattle, hosts this episode.   First, a free-ranging conversation with first author Mark E. Snyder, MD, and senior author John F. McDyer, MD, on their team's study “Impact of age and telomere length on circulating T cells and rejection risk after lung transplantation for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.”   A subset of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) have a heritable, age-adjusted short telomere length. Mutations in telomere length can manifest as T-cell dysfunction and immunodeficiency. As T-cells are involved in the development of acute cellular rejection (ACR), the authors hypothesized that the combination of age and telomere length would impact the degree of ACR burden in lung transplant recipients—and indeed, the authors found that lung transplant recipients with IPF and short telomere length had premature “aging” of their circulating T-Cells. There was a significant decline in early ACR burden with increasing age, found only in those with short telomere length.   How might these findings impact immunosuppression regimens in clinical practice? What follow-up studies to they have planned? In the discussion, Drs. Snyder and McDyer, both of UPMC in Pittsburgh, discuss all these possibilities, as well as the the work of their collaborator, Jonathan K. Alder, PhD, as inspiration for the study.   Next, the editors explored “Early optical coherence tomography evaluation of donor-transmitted atherosclerosis and cardiac allograft vasculopathy: insights from a prospective, single-center study,” in a discussion with senior author Snehal R. Patel, MD, of the Montefiore Medical Center in New York.   Cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) remains a major cause of death in heart transplant recipients, and donor-transmitted atherosclerosis (defined as a maximal intimal thickness of >/= 0.5mm on baseline intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) early after transplant) is believed to carry a greater risk for the development of CAV. Dr. Patel's team, however, hypothesized that optical coherence tomography (OCT) may have advantages over IVUS as an imaging modality due to its higher resolution. In this prospective, observational study, the authors assessed the prognostic role of OCT, and found that transplant recipients whose OCT imaging showed advanced plaque characteristics had a significantly higher event rate after a mean follow up of 3.3 years. OCT was also an independent predictor of clinic events, while maximal intimal thickness of >/= 0.5mm was not.   In the episode, Dr. Patel shares the key features of OCT that may make it of clinical use, the three risk categories developed for the study, and what the follow-ups might be.   Follow along at www.jhltonline.org/current, or, if you're an ISHLT member, log in at ishlt.org/journal-of-heart-lung-transplantation.  Don't already get the Journal and want to read along? Join the International Society of Heart and Lung Transplantation at www.ishlt.org for a free subscription, or subscribe today at www.jhltonline.org.    

Immune reveals the total mass (1.2kg), number (1.8 trillion), and distribution of immune cells in the human body, with macrophages contributing nearly 50% of the total cellular mass. Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Cynthia Leifer, and Brianne Barker Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts. RSS, email Become a patron of Immune! Links for this episode MicrobeTV Discord Server Immune cells in the human body (PNAS) Letters read on Immune 73 Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks! Music by Steve Neal. Immune logo image by Blausen Medical Send your immunology questions and comments to immune@microbe.tv

From Cornell University in Ithaca New York, Vincent and Cindy meet with Ellen Rothenberg to review her career in science, starting with work on retroviruses to unraveling transcriptional networks underlying T-cell development and signaling. Hosts: Vincent Racaniello and Cynthia Leifer Guest: Ellen Rothenberg Click arrow to play Download Immune 72 (53 MB .mp3, 73 min) Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts. RSS, email Become a patron of Immune! Links for this episode MicrobeTV Discord Server Synthesis of infectious DNA of murine leukaemia virus (Nature) Runx factors launch T cell and innate lymphoid programs (Nat Immunol) Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks! Music by Steve Neal. Immune logo image by Blausen Medical Send your immunology questions and comments to immune@microbe.tv

Immune explains how, in a mouse model of roundworm infection with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis, exposure to lung-migrating helminths protects mice against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Hosts: Cynthia Leifer, Stephanie Langel, and Brianne Barker Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts. RSS, email Become a patron of Immune! Links for this episode MicrobeTV Discord Server Helminth protects against murine SARS-CoV-2 infection (Sci Immunol) Pandemic spared Africa (ScienceInsider) Letters read on Immune 71 Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks! Music by Steve Neal. Immune logo image by Blausen Medical Send your immunology questions and comments to immune@microbe.tv

What if you could slow down Alzheimer's or ALS? That's exactly the deeply personal journey Dr. Howard Berman, Founder and CEO at Coya Therapeutics, finds himself on. To day, Howard runs a mission-driven company that is making remarkable breakthroughs in the world of T-Cells. Driven by his father's personal battle with Dementia, Howard has embarked on a relentless quest for a cure. Along his journey, he uncovered an extraordinary technology devised by the brilliant Dr. Stanley Appel that gave him the courage to leave his last life in pharmaceuticals. In this episode, Dr. Berman speaks on the science of fear and the negative physical effects it can have on our bodies. Howard also gives listeners an educational crash course on what dementia is and the many ways it can rear its unfortunate, ugly head. It's Berman to Berman on this episode of the Courageous Podcast. 

โรคมะเร็ง เป็นโรคที่คร่าชีวิตคนไทยและสร้างความเจ็บปวดให้แก่ผู้ป่วย ทั้งจากตัวโรคและกระบวนการบำบัด แต่วันนี้มีเทคโนโลยีหนึ่งที่สร้างความหวัง นั่นคือการรักษามะเร็งด้วยเซลล์เม็ดเลือดขาวของผู้ป่วย หรือที่เรียกว่า CAR T-Cell Top to Toe พอดแคสต์วิทยาศาสตร์สุขภาพพาไปทบทวนภูมิคุ้มกันของร่างกายแบบ B-Cell และ T-Cell ก่อนเจาะลึกลงไปในนวัตกรรม CAR T-Cell ว่ามีกระบวนการบำบัดกับผู้ป่วยอย่างไร ประสิทธิภาพมากแค่ไหน และถึงแม้ว่ายังเป็นนวัตกรรมที่ราคาสูง แต่เชื่อว่าวันหนึ่งมันจะเป็นสวัสดิการของประชาชนทั่วโลกในการรับมือโรคนี้

This week's Pod looks at the 2nd CD20-CD3 bispecific T-Cell engager approved this year (or at all), glofitamab, and the TALAPRO-2 study of combining talazoparib to enzalutaimide. TALAPRO-2: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(23)01055-3

Whistleblower Report – Big Pharma's relentless assault with gene-changing technologies continues with today's discussion using our T-Cell immunity pathways and “edible vaccines” in vegetables and livestock (pigs, cattle, chickens, lamb), milk, and eggs as the latest vehicles to get the synthetic mRNA into our bodies – whether we want it or not. I discuss the brand new published research...

Immune explains the results of a study which show that in mice, functional T cells respond to vaccination for over 10 years and 51 successive immunizations, exhibiting supernumerary cell division and longevity. Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Cynthia Leifer, Steph Langel, and Brianne Barker Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts. RSS, email Become a patron of Immune! Links for this episode MicrobeTV Discord Server T cells capable of supernumerary division (Nature) Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks! Music by Steve Neal. Immune logo image by Blausen Medical Send your immunology questions and comments to immune@microbe.tv

Immune discusses the current understanding of immune memory to SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 vaccines, which supersedes that of any other acute infectious disease. Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Cynthia Leifer, Steph Langel, and Brianne Barker Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts. RSS, email Become a patron of Immune! Links for this episode MicrobeTV Discord Server COVID-19 immune memory (Imm Rev) Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks! Music by Steve Neal. Immune logo image by Blausen Medical Send your immunology questions and comments to immune@microbe.tv

Pavlos has improved T-Cell blood counts, sleep, energy levels, body fat, mental state (better outlook on life), skin condition (he has cutaneous T-cell lymphoma [CTCL] and the frequency/occurrence of skin lesions/patches were nearly zero), and physique on the carnivore diet. Timestamps: 00:00 Trailer 00:50 Introduction 06:21 Cutaneous B-cell lymphoma 09:12 Dietary changes 18:13 Going on the carnivore diet 23:04 Current diet 26:25 Mental health on the carnivore diet 29:28 Veganism in Crete 33:10 Sunbathing 34:50 Interacting with physicians 36:29 What caused Pavlos to go vegan 42:08 Cuisine in Crete 47:04 Libido 49:17 New business ventures See open positions at Revero: https://jobs.lever.co/Revero/ Join Carnivore Diet for a free 30 day trial: https://carnivore.diet/join/ Book a Carnivore Coach: https://carnivore.diet/book-a-coach/ Carnivore Shirts: https://merch.carnivore.diet Subscribe to our Newsletter: https://carnivore.diet/subscribe/ . ‪#revero #shawnbaker #Carnivorediet #MeatHeals #HealthCreation   #humanfood #AnimalBased #ZeroCarb #DietCoach  #FatAdapted #Carnivore #sugarfree  ‪

In his weekly clinical update Dr. Griffin discusses modelling the adjustment of COVID-19 response and exit from dynamic zero-COVID in China, canine real-time detection of SARS-CoV-2 infections in the context of a mass screening event, two masks can be worse than one: N95 respirator failure caused by an overlying face mask, airflow patterns in double-occupancy patient rooms may contribute to roommate-to-roommate transmission of severe SARS-CoV-2, clinical validation of a novel T-Cell receptor sequencing assay for identification of recent or prior SARS-CoV-2 infection, antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron sub-lineages is reduced in convalescent sera, regardless of the infecting variant, VV116 versus Nirmatrelvir–Ritonavir for oral treatment of Covid-19, Nirmatrelvir plus Ritonavir for early COVID-19 in a U.S. health system, Molnupiravir plus usual care versus usual care alone as early treatment for adults with COVID-19 at increased risk of adverse outcomes, higher dose corticosteroids in hospitalized COVID-19 patients with hypoxia but not requiring ventilatory support, FDA approves Roche's Actemra (tocilizumab) for the treatment of COVID-19 in hospitalized adults, structural brain changes in post-acute COVID-19 patients with persistent olfactory dysfunction, persistent post–COVID-19 smell loss is associated with immune cell infiltration and altered gene expression in olfactory epithelium, epidemiology of long COVID in US adults, persistent symptoms and sequelae after SARS-CoV-2 infection not requiring hospitalization, and outpatient treatment of Covid-19 with metformin, ivermectin, and fluvoxamine and the development of Long Covid over 10-month follow-up. Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiV! Links for this episode Modeling the adjustment of COVID-19 response and exit in China (Nature) Canine real-time detection of SARS-CoV-2 infections in mass screening events (BMJ) N95 respirator failure caused by an overlying face mask (ICHE) Airflow in patient rooms may contribute to transmission of severe SARS-CoV-2 (CID) Clinical validation of a T-Cell receptor for identification of recent or prior SARS-CoV-2 infection (CID) Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron sub-lineages (Cell) VV116 vs. Nirmatrelvir–Ritonavir for oral treatment of Covid-19 (NEJM) Nirmatrelvir plus Ritonavir for early COVID-19 in a U.S. health system (ACP) Molnupiravir as early treatment for adults with COVID-19 (The Lancet) Higher dose corticosteroids in hospitalized COVID-19 patients with hypoxia but not requiring ventilatory support (medRxiv) FDA approves Tocilizumab for the treatment of COVID-19 in hospitalized adults (Roche) Structural brain changes in post-acute COVID-19 patients with olfactory dysfunction (Annals) Paxlovid patient eligbiliity screening checklist (FDA) Persistent post–COVID-19 smell loss association (Science) Epidemiology of long COVID in US adults (CID) Persistent symptoms & sequelae after SARS-CoV-2 infection not requiring hospitalization (OFID) Outpatient treatment of COVID-19 with metformin, ivermectin, and fluvoxamine & the development of long COVID (medRxiv) Contribute to our MicrobeTV fundraiser at PWB Dr. Griffin's treatment guide (pdf) Letters read on TWiV 970 Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks! Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your questions for Dr. Griffin to daniel@microbe.tv

Cindy, Steph, Brianne, and Vincent review some of their favorite immunology papers of 2022. Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Cynthia Leifer, Steph Langel, and Brianne Barker Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts. RSS, email Become a patron of Immune! Links for this episode CAR T for SLE (Nat MEd) Maternal gut microbiome induced IgG (Sci Immunol) Long-primed germinal centers (Nature) Fc mediated protection against SARS-CoV-2 VOC (bioRxiv) Dark side of macrophages (Nat Med) Pregnancy and antibody protection against infection (Nature) Regulators of inflammatory response to mRNA vaccines (Nature Immunol) Antibody effector function and protection against RSV (Cell) Color coded antibodies (bioRxiv) Endogenous retroviruses and inflammation (Cell) CD8 T cells and vaccine protection against SARS-CoV-2 (Sci Immunol) Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks! Music by Steve Neal. Immune logo image by Blausen Medical Send your immunology questions and comments to immune@microbe.tv

Bret speaks with Dr. Geert Vanden Bossche in Bath, England, together for the COVID Better Way Conference 2022.Geert Vanden Bossche is a Doctor of Veterinary Medicine who has specialist expertise in virology and vaccinology, Geert has worked in industry in the construction of vaccines, and in the non profit sector working to bring immunity to larger numbers of people.Find Geert:https://www.geertvandenbossche.org/https://twitter.com/GVDBosschehttps://www.youtube.com/channel/UC_yhGQiJ5lTmOaoIQA91GzA*****Find Bret Weinstein on Twitter: @BretWeinstein, and on Patreon.https://www.patreon.com/bretweinsteinPlease subscribe to this channel for more long form content like this, and subscribe to the clips channel @DarkHorse Podcast Clips for short clips of all our podcasts:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCAWCKUrmvK5F_ynBY_CMlIAAll removed videos can be found on Spotify Video and Odysee: https://open.spotify.com/show/57R7dOcs60jUfOnuNG0J1Rhttps://odysee.com/@BretWeinstein:fCheck out the DHP store! Epic tabby, digital book burning, saddle up the dire wolves, and more: http://www.store.darkhorsepodcast.orgTheme Music: Thank you to Martin Molin of Wintergatan for providing us the rights to use their excellent music.*****First DarkHorse Podcast with Dr. Geert Vanden Bossche:https://youtu.be/BNyAovuUxro*****Timestamps:(00:00) Introduction(02:10) Previous predictions(08:06) Mass vaccination during a pandemic(14:40) Sterilizing immunity(17:44) T-Cell immunity(25:52) Narrow immunity to one antigen(36:05) Selection of vaccine-immune escaped variants(38:43) Why are we still mass vaccinating with same antigen?(45:20) Where would we be without the vaccines?(52:41) Spanish Flu and natural immunity(57:53) Why innate immunity decays(01:07:28) Non neutralizing antibodies binding to the spike(01:13:35) Seasonality and age(01:18:02) Geert's hypothesis on ivermectin dosage increase(01:23:07) Will the virus transmit outside?(01:27:23) Where are we now in this pandemic?(01:35:03) Geert's hypothesis(01:41:33) Bret breaks down Geert's hypothesis(01:47:37) A new phase of the pandemic(01:56:28) Advice to the world(02:02:05) Wrap upSupport the show

Vincent and Brianne review the need to better understand T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection to better inform public health decisions, and how IL-1 and IL-1ra are important regulators of the inflammatory response to RNA vaccines. Hosts: Vincent Racaniello and Brianne Barker Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiV! Links for this episode Understanding T cell responses during COVID-19 (Science Immunol) IL-1 and IL-1ra are keys to inflammation after RNA vaccination (Nature Immunol) Letters read on TWiV 882 Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks! Weekly Picks Brianne – Covid restrictions prevented dengue in hundreds of thousands of people in 2020 Vincent – Scotch Dual Lock 250 Reclosable Fastener Listener Picks Erin –JWT Preparation and Xploration Outer Space Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv