Podcasts about case western university

YouTube Title:"How Did Guy Gilchrist's Muppets Work & Marie Vibbert Play Pro Football?

Just Admit It! host Tasha (formerly at Boston University and USC) shines a spotlight on IvyWise Counselor Rod (formerly at Case Western University) to hear about his extensive admissions recruitment experience and what he loves most about the college admissions world.

Elevated GP - www.theelevatedgp.com Follow @dr.melissa_seibert on Instagram Connect with Melissa on Linkedin Dr. Peter Milgrom is Professor of Oral Health Sciences and Pediatric Dentistry in the School of Dentistry and adjunct Professor of Health Services in the School of Public Health at the University of Washington. He directs the Northwest Center to Reduce Oral Health Disparities. He holds academic appointments at Case Western University, University of Rochester, and University of California, San Francisco. He maintains a dental practice limited to the care of fearful patients and served as Director of the UW Dental Fears Research Clinic. Dr. Milgrom's work includes research on xylitol, the effectiveness of fluoride varnish and iodine in preschoolers, clinical efficacy and safety of diammine silver fluoride, motivational strategies to increase perinatal and well child dental visits in rural communities, and studies of cognitive interventions in pediatric and adult dental fear. The NIH, Maternal and Child Health Bureau, HRSA, and the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation support his work. Dr. Milgrom is author of 5 books and over 300 scientific articles. His latest book, Treating Fearful Dental Patients, was published in 2009.   Dr. Milgrom was Distinguished Dental Behavioral Scientist of the International Association for Dental Research for 1999. In 1999, and again in 2000, his work was recognized by the Giddon Award for research in the behavioral sciences in Dentistry. He received the Barrows Milk Award from IADR in 2000, recognizing his work for public health including the development of the Access to Baby and Child Dentistry (ABCD) program in Washington State. In 2003, Dr. Milgrom received a Special Commendation Award from the National Legal Aid and Defenders Association and the University of Washington Medical Center Martin Luther King, Jr. Community Service Award. In 2010, he received the Aubrey Sheiham Research Award for his work on xylitol. He serves on scientific review committees for the NIDCR, NIMHHD, NINDS, Center for Scientific Review at NIH and as a consultant to the FDA. In 2005, Dr. Milgrom was appointed the SAAD Visiting Professor of Pain and Anxiety Control at the King's College Dental Institute, University of London, UK for a six-year term. In 2008 he was awarded the degree of Doctor Honoris Causa from the University of Bergen, Norway in recognition of his work in social and behavioral dentistry. In 2012, he received the University of California, San Francisco Dental Alumni Gold Medal for his contributions to Dentistry. In 2012 he was also awarded the Norton Ross Award for Excellence in Clinical Research by the American Dental Association. In 2013, he was appointed to the Council of Scientific Affairs of the American Dental Association. In 2014, he received the Irwin M. Mandel Distinguished Mentor Award from the IADR. In 2015, he served as HMDP Expert in Dental Public Health for the Singapore Ministry of Health. Dr. Milgrom received his DDS from the University of California, San Francisco in 1972 and had a previous position at the National Academy of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. In the last few years, Dr. Milgrom has spoken to dental associations in Argentina, Colombia, Peru, Philippines, and USA and at major universities in USA and abroad.

Our Data Vampires series may be over, but Paris interviewed a bunch of experts on data centers and AI whose insights shouldn't go to waste. We're releasing those interviews as bonus episodes for Patreon supporters. Here's a preview of this week's premium episode with Émile P. Torres, a postdoctoral researcher at Case Western University. For the full interview, support the show on Patreon.Support the show

Questions? Feedback? Send us a text!Miroslav Humer, Vice President and CIO at Case Western University joins host, Joe Gottlieb, President and CTO at Higher Digital, to explore how Case Western is leveraging objective prioritization to advance its research agenda, delving into the critical role of relationships, trust, and structured processes. Listeners will gain insights into fostering collaboration, balancing IT resources, and driving innovation through technology, including the impactful use of AI and the revolutionary early adoption of HoloLens devices in education and research. References: Miroslav HumerCase Western UniversitySubscribe or follow TRANSFORMED wherever you listen, to get the latest episode when it drops and hear directly from leaders and innovators in higher ed tech and digital transformation best practices.Find and follow us on LinkedIn at https://www.linkedin.com/company/higher-digital-inc

Dr. Jerry Brown, TIME Person of the Year, joins Mike Shanley to discuss Dr. Brown's work during the Ebola crisis, COVID-19 response and lessons learned for global pandemic preparedness, becoming TIME Person of the Year, and the role of international aid donors and implementing partners. Co-host: Care Africa Medical Foundation (CAMF) focuses on building clinics in rural Liberia, starting with their hometown of Buchanan in Grand Bassa County, where they have organized free health fairs to provide essential health resources. In addition to their nonprofit efforts, Henry and Gormah run successful businesses that cater to the aging population and assist the homeless in Colorado, creating over 60 local jobs. CAMF plans to open its first medical center in Grand Bassa County in the spring of 2025, addressing urgent healthcare needs. However, the lack of reliable electricity poses a significant challenge to operating medical equipment. As a registered 501(C)(3) organization, CAMF aims to make a lasting impact on healthcare in Africa and inspire others with its dedication to health and community service. https://www.linkedin.com/in/care-africa-medical-foundation-536206336/ https://www.camedfoundation.org/about/ Biography Jerry Fahnloe Brown was born on October 18, 1968. Dr. Brown has worked in several capacities as physician. He worked as Escort Doctor for MERCI on boats repatriating Sierra Leonean Refugees back to Sierra Leone. He then worked as the County Health Officer for Grand Bassa County and Medical Director for the Buchanan Government Hospital from 2006 to 2008 after working as a Volunteer Physician at the ELWA Hospital and General Practitioner from 2004 to 2006. In March 2014 he was employed as Medical Director and General Surgeon at the ELWA Hospital a position he held until February 2018 when he was appointed by the President of Liberia to serve as the Chief Medical Officer of the John F. Kennedy Medical Center, the premier teaching and referral hospital. During those years at ELWA, he worked tirelessly performing varieties of surgeries in this low resource setting. He became Clinical Supervisor and Clinician at the ELWA II Ebola Treatment Unit from July 2014 to June 2015. Under his leadership and guidance this unit produced the highest number of Ebola survivors changing the survival rate from ten percent to seventy percent of Ebola Patients at his Center. From October 2014 to December 2016, he served as Principal Investigator on two research projects with the Clinical Research Management on convalescent plasma and the sequelae of Ebola in survivors. In 2018, he was appointed by the President of Liberia as the Chief Executive Officer of the John F. Kennedy Medical Center, the premier referral hospital in Liberia, a position held until January 30, 2024, due to the political transition of power. While at JFKMC, he established the only active functional Intensive Care Unit in country with support from partners such as Project Cure International and NOCAL. Under his leadership JFKMC, obtained accreditation for training specialists in the areas of pediatrics, internal medicine, general surgery, ophthalmology and psychiatric. He also established the only histopathology unit; a state of the art executive private ward; a dialysis center among others. On May 23, 2019, he was elected Civilian Representative and Advisor to APORA. He also serves as Acting Faculty Head, Department of Surgery, A. M. Dogliotti College of Medicine for two years, and is currently a Part-Time Faculty member, in the Department of Surgery, Liberia College of Physician and Surgeon. In March 2020, he was appointed by the president of Liberia to serve as the Head of the National Case Management Pillar of COVID-19. He coordinated the management of COVID-19 patients across the country and the care of patients with COVID-19 vaccine related complications. He supervised the drafting of Liberia COVID-19 Clinical Guidelines. Dr. Brown has received many honors to include, Time Person of the Year in 2014; among Time 100 Most Influential Persons, 2014; Civil Servant of the Year, 2014, Republic of Liberia; President of Liberia Highest Honor, Star of Africa in 2015; Golden Key Awards, 2018; He has spoken as several places to include Keynote Speaker, PICC 2016, 8th World Congress on Pediatric Intensive and Critical Care, Toronto Canada, June 2016; keynote Speaker, Case Western University, Ohio, October 2015; Keynote Speaker, Risky Business Conference, London, UK, May 2017; Speaker, American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, (ASTMH) 64TH Annual Meeting, ASTMH Ebola 360 symposium, October 2015; Pepperdine University, Dean Honorary Speaker—Leadership June 2017.    Thank you for tuning into this episode of the Aid Market Podcast. Learn more about working with USAID by visiting our homepage: Konektid International and AidKonekt. To connect with our team, message the host Mike Shanley on LinkedIn  

Chris Male is Co-Founder and Managing Partner of Autism Impact Fund, where he oversees the firm, leads its Tech- and Data-Enabled Services practice, and serves on the boards of auticon, Cortica, Joshin, and SpectrumAi. Prior to AIF, Chris was Managing Director of RBG Capital LLC.Motivated by personal experiences, Chris founded AIF to invest in companies that disrupt the status quo in diagnosing, treating, and living with autism and other complex chronic conditions. As a result, AIF's innovative work has been regularly featured in Forbes, The New York Times, CNBC, Axios, and TechCrunch.Chris holds an M.B.A. in Finance and Strategy from Case Western University's Weatherhead School of Management and a B.A. in History and Economics from Denison University.  

Dr. Kristen Smith is the PICU medical director, critical care fellowship program director, and director of the nurse practitioner program at the University of Michigan C.S. Mott Children's Hospital. She received her medical degree from the University of Toledo and completed her pediatric residency at Akron Children's Hospital, followed by a critical care fellowship at Johns Hopkins. Dr. Smith's research is focused on the long-term outcome of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) survivors.Dr. Carly Schmidt is a critical care fellow at the University of Michigan C.S. Mott Children's Hospital. She received her medical degree from Case Western University and completed her pediatric residency at Brown University, where she also served as chief resident. Carly is interested in the intersection of the PICU and the community via transport medicine, advocacy, and outcomes. Learning Objectives:By the end of this podcast, listeners should be able to describe:Neuroprotective measures that should be provided to all pediatric patients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI).An expert, guideline-directed approach to managing a child with increased intracranial pressure due to severe TBI.Reference:Kochanek PM, Tasker RC, Bell MJ, Adelson PD, Carney N, Vavilala MS, Selden NR, Bratton SL, Grant GA, Kissoon N, Reuter-Rice KE, Wainwright MS. Management of Pediatric Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: 2019 Consensus and Guidelines-Based Algorithm for First and Second Tier Therapies. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2019 Mar;20(3):269-279.Questions, comments or feedback? Please send us a message at this link (leave email address if you would like us to relpy) Thanks! -Alice & ZacSupport the showHow to support PedsCrit:Please complete our Listener Feedback SurveyPlease rate and review on Spotify and Apple Podcasts!Donations are appreciated @PedsCrit on Venmo , you can also support us by becoming a patron on Patreon. 100% of funds go to supporting the show. Thank you for listening to this episode of PedsCrit. Please remember that all content during this episode is intended for educational and entertainment purposes only. It should not be used as medical advice. The views expressed during this episode by hosts and our guests are their own and do not reflect the official position of their institutions. If you have any comments, suggestions, or feedback-you can email us at pedscritpodcast@gmail.com. Check out http://www.pedscrit.com for detailed show notes. And visit @critpeds on twitter and @pedscrit on instagram for real time show updates.

Dr. Kristen Smith is the PICU medical director, critical care fellowship program director, and director of the nurse practitioner program at the University of Michigan C.S. Mott Children's Hospital. She received her medical degree from the University of Toledo and completed her pediatric residency at Akron Children's Hospital, followed by a critical care fellowship at Johns Hopkins. Dr. Smith's research is focused on the long-term outcome of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) survivors.Dr. Carly Schmidt is a critical care fellow at the University of Michigan C.S. Mott Children's Hospital. She received her medical degree from Case Western University and completed her pediatric residency at Brown University, where she also served as chief resident. Carly is interested in the intersection of the PICU and the community via transport medicine, advocacy, and outcomes. Learning Objectives:By the end of this podcast, listeners should be able to describe:Neuroprotective measures that should be provided to all pediatric patients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI).An expert, guideline-directed approach to managing a child with increased intracranial pressure due to severe TBI.Reference:Kochanek PM, Tasker RC, Bell MJ, Adelson PD, Carney N, Vavilala MS, Selden NR, Bratton SL, Grant GA, Kissoon N, Reuter-Rice KE, Wainwright MS. Management of Pediatric Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: 2019 Consensus and Guidelines-Based Algorithm for First and Second Tier Therapies. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2019 Mar;20(3):269-279.Questions, comments or feedback? Please send us a message at this link (leave email address if you would like us to relpy) Thanks! -Alice & ZacSupport the showHow to support PedsCrit:Please complete our Listener Feedback SurveyPlease rate and review on Spotify and Apple Podcasts!Donations are appreciated @PedsCrit on Venmo , you can also support us by becoming a patron on Patreon. 100% of funds go to supporting the show. Thank you for listening to this episode of PedsCrit. Please remember that all content during this episode is intended for educational and entertainment purposes only. It should not be used as medical advice. The views expressed during this episode by hosts and our guests are their own and do not reflect the official position of their institutions. If you have any comments, suggestions, or feedback-you can email us at pedscritpodcast@gmail.com. Check out http://www.pedscrit.com for detailed show notes. And visit @critpeds on twitter and @pedscrit on instagram for real time show updates.

Ellen Van Oosten is Professor of Organization Behavior at Weatherhead School of Management, Case Western University in Cleveland, Ohio. She's also the co-author of one of the best books we've read about human behaviour. Helping People Change, written by Richard Boyatzis, Melvin Smith and Ellen Van Oosten was Henley Business School's coaching book of the year in 2020. And we are unsurprised, because by taking a human-first approach to change, it turns most conventional thinking about organisational change management on its head. In this episode, Jen, Dom and Cat chat with Ellen to hear what she's learned about human behaviour over the course of her career. They discuss how organisations can better help their internal stakeholders not only shift behaviour for the long-term but also navigate the continuous change that marks the 2020s. Takeaways Continuous change is a prevalent and ongoing experience in the workplace, with many organisations undergoing restructuring and leadership changes. Successful change requires individuals to have a sense of agency and to feel a personal connection to the desired future state. Communication plays a crucial role in change management, particularly in articulating goals and objectives and fostering a shared understanding of how individuals can contribute to the organization's strategy. The failure rate of change programmes remains high, indicating a need for a more empathetic and human-centered approach to change management. Empathy and emotional intelligence are essential skills for leaders and communicators to cultivate in order to create supportive and engaging environments for change. Positive emotion is needed to thrive and flourish. It's about dreams, not just goals. Build resonant relationships through clarity, connection, and compassion. About Ellen Van Oosten Ellen B. Van Oosten, Ph.D. is Professor in the Department of Organizational Behavior and Faculty Director of Executive Education at the Case Weatherhead School of Management. She is also Director of the Coaching Research Lab, a scholar-practitioner collaboration to advance coaching research founded in 2014. Her research interests include coaching, leadership development, emotional intelligence and women's leadership in STEM fields.  She teaches in the MBA, Executive MBA and directs the Weatherhead Coach Certificate Program, the Leadership Institute for Women in STEM and Manufacturing Program and several company specific programs.  She is also the author of numerous academic and practitioner articles and co-author of the award-winning book - Helping People Change: Coaching with Compassion for Lifelong Learning and Growth – with colleagues Richard Boyatzis, PhD and Melvin Smith, PhD.  She has a BS in Electrical Engineering from the University of Dayton and a MBA and PhD from Case Western Reserve University.   Find Ellen on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/ellenbrooksvanoosten/ Ellen's website: https://case.edu/weatherhead/about/faculty-and-staff-directory/ellen-van-oosten HBR article: https://hbr.org/2019/09/coaching-for-change 5 Training Mistakes that Inhibit Lasting Change:  http://tinyurl.com/y6qeh8uw . How the best managers balance analytical and emotional intelligence - - https://hbr.org/2020/06/the-best-managers-balance-analytical-and-emotional-intelligence.   How to support the people you lead in times of uncertainty -https://greatergood.berkeley.edu/article/item/how_to_support_the_people_you_lead_in_times_of_uncertainty

Ever felt the sting of microaggressions while doing your nonprofit work?  Or perhaps you've noticed that most fundraising departments are predominantly white, leaving women of color to navigate tricky, often unwelcoming spaces?  I am here to help as I welcome a powerhouse panel of experts who delve into the world of Black women fundraisers, the difficulties they face, and the importance of inclusive support networks. Learn firsthand from Christal Cherry, Aquanetta Betts, Ninjia Miles, and Christal Crosby as they share their journeys, insights, and powerful advice. ⭐Christal Cherry: Founder of F3 (Fabulous Female Fundraisers) and a veteran in the nonprofit sector, her career is a testament to resilience and the power of community. ⭐Aquanetta Betts: Director of Planned Giving at George Mason University, Aquanetta emphasizes the importance of creating knowledge-sharing spaces within the fundraising community.  ⭐Ninjia Miles: Director of Development for Black Philanthropy at Indiana University Foundation, Ninjia provides insights into the philanthropic contributions of communities of color and the critical need for diverse fundraisers who understand these nuances. ⭐Christal Crosby: Director of Events and Programs at Case Western University, Christal shares her experiences and the importance of institutions preparing adequately to support and integrate diverse leadership. Navigating the nonprofit sector can be a daunting task, especially for women of color.  This episode provides not only a candid discussion but practical advice for executive directors on how to foster an inclusive culture that truly supports BIPOC fundraisers.  Don't miss out on this critical conversation! Hit play on this insightful episode of Nonprofit Lowdown to arm yourself with the knowledge and tools to make lasting, positive changes in your organization.  Let's create a more inclusive world, one fundraiser at a time! Important Links:  fabfemalefundraisers.org --- Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/nonprofitlowdown/support

Summary: Want more cool facts about slime mold? Who doesn't!? Join Kiersten for more unbelievable facts about slime mold.   For my hearing impaired listeners, a complete transcript of this podcast follows the show notes on Podbean   Show Notes: “Slime Molds: No Brains, No Feet, No Problem,” Science Thursday. PBS. https://www.pbs.org “100 million years in amber: Researchers discover oldest fossilized slime mold,” University of Gottingen. Science Daily. https://www.sciencedaily.com “Slime Molds” by Dr. Sharon M. Douglas, Department of Plant Pathology and Ecology, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station. https://portal.ct.gov Music written and performed by Katherine Camp   Transcript  (Piano music plays) Kiersten - This is Ten Things I Like About…a ten minute, ten episode podcast about unknown or misunderstood wildlife. (Piano music stops) Welcome to Ten Things I Like About… I'm Kiersten, your host, and this is a podcast about misunderstood or unknown creatures in nature. Some we'll find right out side our doors and some are continents away but all are fascinating.  This podcast will focus ten, ten minute episodes on different animals and their amazing characteristics. Please join me on this extraordinary journey, you won't regret it. The last episode of Slime Mold has arrived. It's bitter sweet for me because I have loved researching this organism but I'm also excited about which  creature will come next. We're going out with a bang though, the tenth thing I like about slime mold is that there are so many more cool facts about it! Before we delve into the the amazing facts we haven't yet discussed about slime mold, let's talk about conservation and control. Slime mold is not in any need of conservation methods at the time. The species that we know about are all doing well. There is plenty of places for slime mold to thrive and some species, like the Dog Vomit Slime Mold, are doing better than ever because of our need to use mulch on our landscaped gardens. This is good news for this organism, but we have to keep in mind that disappearing habitat like forests and wetlands means that all creatures that rely on these areas are at risk. As we change the landscape around us to fit our needs, we take away habitat that these organisms rely on to survive. That does include slime mold. Many people contact local gardening clubs and college extensions to ask how to control slime mold that they find in their gardens. The only thing you need to do, is scoop out the mulch that is growing on and throw it out. Slime mold doesn't harm plants that it is near or on. Most of the time it dries out and goes away before it can damage any plants that you might find it on. So control is a moot point, really, and after listening to this series, I hope you get excited about the slime mold you find in your backyard! Okay let's talk about some of the other cool facts about slime mold.  If slime mold gets torn apart it can reform! The protoplasm of slime mold allows it to be separated and reform again when the pieces get near each other. Each tiny bit is interchangeable. Every individual protoplasm unit of slime mold can become a vein or limb-like projection that reaches out in the direction the mold wants to travel. There are, however, organelles inside the slime mold that are unable to do this. They are fixed as organelles and never change.  It does beg the question can you kill slime mold? “It's hard to say,” says Tanya Latty, an Australian researcher studying slime mold. There is a beetle that eats slime mold, but can it eat enough to kill an individual glob? “We don't know if they eat enough of the body to make a difference,” continues Latty. “You could lose half of the biomass and it wouldn't matter. It would just reorganize itself and be like, “I'm fine!” End quote.  If you can't kill slime mold, how long can it live? Excellent question, but we have no idea how long slime mold can live. When it dries out its called a sclerotia and it can survive like this for up to two years and still be revived with a little bit of moisture. As of the recoding of this podcast in 2024, a zoo in Paris has a slime mold currently on display in its plasmodial form that they acquired in 2019. That's five years of living as a protoplasm.  How long has slime mold been on earth? British and German scientists estimate that slime mold may have evolved 600 million years ago. In 2020 researchers discovered the oldest fossilized slime mold. It was a 100 million year old sample preserved in amber.  For organisms without feet, slime mold can travel some long distances. When in its plasmodial form the blob can travel one inch an hour (I may never complain about rush hour traffic again!), but it's not this form that allows them to travel all over the world. When reproducing, the spores are released into the air and have, somehow, travelled on the wind around the globe. There are slime molds with identical genetic structure found in the United States and New Zealand. That is an amazingly long way to travel on the wind! Speaking of genetics…during the RNA editing phase slime mold genes make uncommonly large numbers of corrections. They are continually making changes to its original plans. Jonatha Gott of Case Western University says, “As it's making a copy of the DNA, it changes it. It's incredibly precise and incredibly accurate. If it does't do this, it dies. It's a really crazy way to express genes.” It also makes it incredibly interesting to scientists developing ways to cure cancer. I have no doubt that the list of cool facts about slime mold will continue to grow as we learn more about this unbelievable organism. I'm glad I was able to share some of the cool facts we currently know about slime mold with all of my listeners because that's my tenth favorite thing about slime mold. If you're enjoying this podcast please recommend me to friends and family and take a moment to give me a rating on whatever platform your listening. It will help me reach more listeners and give the animals I talk about an even better chance at change.    Join me in two weeks for a new series about another misunderstood or unknown creature.       (Piano Music plays)  This has been an episode of Ten Things I like About with Kiersten and Company. Original music written and performed by Katherine Camp, piano extraordinaire.

Show Summary In this episode, Linda Abraham interviews Christian Essman, Senior Director of Admissions and Financial Aid at Case Western Reserve University Medical School. They discuss the unique aspects of Case Western's three MD programs, the significance of research in the application process, and what makes an applicant stand out. Christian emphasizes the importance of quality experiences and reflections in the application essays and advises applicants to submit their applications when they are in tip-top shape, rather than rushing to submit on the first day. He also discusses the culture at Case Western, describing it as laid-back, balanced, and invested in the success of its students. Show Notes Thanks for tuning into the 571st episode of Admissions Straight Talk. Are you ready to apply to your dream medical schools? Are you competitive at your target programs? Accepted's med school admissions quiz can give you a quick reality check. Just go to accepted.com/medquiz, complete the quiz and you'll not only get an assessment but tips on how to improve your chances of acceptance. Plus, it's all free.  I'm delighted to introduce today's guest, Christian Essman, senior director of admissions and financial aid and fellow podcaster and host of the All Access Med School Admissions Podcast.  Christian, thank you so much for joining me today on Admissions Straight Talk. [1:31] Hi, Linda. Delighted to be here. Thank you for having me. Let's start with some just really basic information about Case Western University's medical school programs. Can you give a 30,000-foot perspective or view of the three MD programs that it offers? [1:39] Certainly. We're a bit unique in that we have not one, not two, but three different pathways to an MD/MD-PhD. The first one is the university program, which is our four-year MD, which is a traditional four-year degree. Then we have our MD-PhD program, which is a medical scientist training program, and that's about eight or nine years. MSTP actually started at Case Western back in the 1950s, by the way. It's the longest NIH-funded program ever in the history of the universe. And then the one in the middle is unique. I don't know if the word boutiquey is a word, but it's boutiquey. Our Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine. So these are all three Case Western programs. They're under the umbrella of the university and they're all Case Western students, but we have three tracks. So the one in the middle, the Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, is a five-year MD and it's for students who really like research. Really, really, really like research. But maybe advancing to an MD-PhD is not an educational goal to be in school for eight or nine years and getting a PhD, but they really like research. And so the reason why it's five years is because they thread research throughout the entire five years that you're there. And at one point students will step away usually after the second year to do 12 months of research with the results of hopefully having some publishable results. And so it's for students who might be considering MD-PhD, maybe they're also applying to MD-PhD. So it's one in the middle there and so that's why we have three different tracks. It's a bit unique. It is unique. I don't know of any other school that has that three structured program. [3:36] When people apply to us in AMCAS, they apply to Case Western and then in the secondary application, they can indicate which program or programs plural that they want to apply to. And so you could apply to the university program and the Cleveland Clinic program and then you get separate admissions decisions. We review them separately. So it's two for one or three for one if you want to think of it that way. But I will say this. Very few students apply to all three. Usually, if you're interested in MD-PhD, that's what you're applying to, and then maybe add in Cleveland Clinic,

Join us for an extraordinary episode as we delve into the fascinating journey of Derrick Espadas, a remarkable individual whose life experiences have shaped his unique perspective on accounting and entrepreneurship. In this episode, Derrick shares his compelling story of resilience, transformation, and the profound insights he has gained along the way. From overcoming adversity to finding purpose in the numbers, Derrick's journey offers invaluable lessons for entrepreneurs and accounting professionals alike. Tune in as we explore the depths of entrepreneurship, emotional intelligence in financial management, and the power of perseverance. Guest Bio: Derrick Espadas, born in East Los Angeles in 1975, overcame early challenges with shyness and a neurological condition called Charcot Marie Tooth. Despite academic setbacks, including a struggle with addiction, he found his calling in accounting. Graduating with honors, Derrick earned his B.S. in Accounting and Management from the University of Arizona, followed by an MBA from Syracuse University. Now pursuing doctoral studies at Case Western University, Derrick focuses on "Title Prestige" and its impact on decision-making. With a passion for teaching, he recently led courses on Franchising Fundamentals at the University of Louisville. Derrick resides in Tucson with his wife Brenda and their three beloved dogs. *** Guest's Website & Social Profiles *** Derrick's Website- https://www.supportingstrategies.com/locations/tucson-az/ Derrick's LinkedIn- https://www.linkedin.com/in/derrick-espadas-mba/ ***Whether you're a budding entrepreneur navigating the complexities of business, an accounting professional seeking new perspectives, or simply someone inspired by tales of resilience and transformation, this episode is for you. Gain invaluable insights from Derrick Espadas' remarkable journey, and discover the power of perseverance in overcoming obstacles. Don't miss out – hit that

In this episode, Dr. Alanna Cooper, a cultural anthropologist and an Assistant Professor in the Department of Religious Studies at Case Western University in Ohio, discusses her research on Bukharan Jews, Jewish life in Evansville, Indiana, and her interactive mapping project on Jewish Evansville, titled, "Moving Bits and Pieces", which can be viewed here: https://storymaps.arcgis.com/stories/3824664045eb443785ca656a4e7c3f45 --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/injewishhistory/message Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/injewishhistory/support

John is joined by Temi Omilabu, an associate in Quinn Emanuel's New York office.  They discuss her remarkable journey from her childhood in Lagos, Nigeria, to becoming a trial lawyer at Quinn Emanuel, including the adjustments she had to make moving from Lagos to first Florida then Texas, her years at Case Western University where she earned her Master's degree in Bioethics and her work after graduating for two global health-focused nonprofits.  They also discuss her love of advocacy and storytelling that led her to law school, her internship in the Manhattan District Attorney's Office and her post-law school fellowship in the General Counsel's Office at Yale.  Finally, they discuss how Temi's interest in litigation lead her to Quinn Emanuel's New York office,  where she immediately started working on depositions and on multi-district litigation and went to trial in a pro bono case within her first year with the firm.Podcast Link: Law-disrupted.fmHost: John B. Quinn Producer: Alexis HydeMusic and Editing by: Alexander Rossi

Dr. Hyun Jung Kim, an Assistant Professor at Case Western University specializes in coaxing human cultured cells to differentiate and form tissues resembling the gastrointestinal tract, in order to study microbe-GI interactions.  Dr. Kim discusses his surprising discovery of how common immortalized cultured cells can differentiate and form something that resembles a gut-on-a-chip, how these guts-on-a-chip can be used to study diseases like inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer, how the addition of a microbiome to the gut-on-a-chip allows the bacteria to retain diversity unlike in a test tube, how the gut-on-a-chip could be valuable for personalized medicine, and the things he misses about Texas since moving from there. This episode was supported by Eezy Breezy Poke, an elegant at-home vaccine service. Participants: Karl Klose, Ph.D. (UTSA) Hyun Jung Kim, Ph.D. (Case Western University) Janakiram Seshu, Ph.D. (UTSA) Jesus Romo, Ph.D. (UTSA)

Join Mukunda as we speak with Dr Deepak Sarma, a tenured professor of Religious Studies at Case Western University. Dr Sarma has written numerous academic […]

Meet Tess Zigo, CFP, CPA olsenna.com Olsen Facebook Olsen Instagram Olsen Linkedin Olsen Youtube https://www.oneplacecapital.com/ Follow @dental_digest_podcast Instagram Follow @dr.melissa_seibert on Instagram Connect with Melissa on Linkedin Dr. Peter Milgrom is Professor of Oral Health Sciences and Pediatric Dentistry in the School of Dentistry and adjunct Professor of Health Services in the School of Public Health at the University of Washington. He directs the Northwest Center to Reduce Oral Health Disparities. He holds academic appointments at Case Western University, University of Rochester, and University of California, San Francisco. He maintains a dental practice limited to the care of fearful patients and served as Director of the UW Dental Fears Research Clinic. Dr. Milgrom's work includes research on xylitol, the effectiveness of fluoride varnish and iodine in preschoolers, clinical efficacy and safety of diammine silver fluoride, motivational strategies to increase perinatal and well child dental visits in rural communities, and studies of cognitive interventions in pediatric and adult dental fear. The NIH, Maternal and Child Health Bureau, HRSA, and the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation support his work. Dr. Milgrom is author of 5 books and over 300 scientific articles. His latest book, Treating Fearful Dental Patients, was published in 2009.   Dr. Milgrom was Distinguished Dental Behavioral Scientist of the International Association for Dental Research for 1999. In 1999, and again in 2000, his work was recognized by the Giddon Award for research in the behavioral sciences in Dentistry. He received the Barrows Milk Award from IADR in 2000, recognizing his work for public health including the development of the Access to Baby and Child Dentistry (ABCD) program in Washington State. In 2003, Dr. Milgrom received a Special Commendation Award from the National Legal Aid and Defenders Association and the University of Washington Medical Center Martin Luther King, Jr. Community Service Award. In 2010, he received the Aubrey Sheiham Research Award for his work on xylitol. He serves on scientific review committees for the NIDCR, NIMHHD, NINDS, Center for Scientific Review at NIH and as a consultant to the FDA. In 2005, Dr. Milgrom was appointed the SAAD Visiting Professor of Pain and Anxiety Control at the King's College Dental Institute, University of London, UK for a six-year term. In 2008 he was awarded the degree of Doctor Honoris Causa from the University of Bergen, Norway in recognition of his work in social and behavioral dentistry. In 2012, he received the University of California, San Francisco Dental Alumni Gold Medal for his contributions to Dentistry. In 2012 he was also awarded the Norton Ross Award for Excellence in Clinical Research by the American Dental Association. In 2013, he was appointed to the Council of Scientific Affairs of the American Dental Association. In 2014, he received the Irwin M. Mandel Distinguished Mentor Award from the IADR. In 2015, he served as HMDP Expert in Dental Public Health for the Singapore Ministry of Health. Dr. Milgrom received his DDS from the University of California, San Francisco in 1972 and had a previous position at the National Academy of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. In the last few years, Dr. Milgrom has spoken to dental associations in Argentina, Colombia, Peru, Philippines, and USA and at major universities in USA and abroad.

DOT - Use the Code DENTALDIGEST for 10% off olsenna.com Olsen Facebook Olsen Instagram Olsen Linkedin Olsen Youtube https://www.oneplacecapital.com/ Follow @dental_digest_podcast Instagram Follow @dr.melissa_seibert on Instagram Connect with Melissa on Linkedin Dr. Peter Milgrom is Professor of Oral Health Sciences and Pediatric Dentistry in the School of Dentistry and adjunct Professor of Health Services in the School of Public Health at the University of Washington. He directs the Northwest Center to Reduce Oral Health Disparities. He holds academic appointments at Case Western University, University of Rochester, and University of California, San Francisco. He maintains a dental practice limited to the care of fearful patients and served as Director of the UW Dental Fears Research Clinic. Dr. Milgrom's work includes research on xylitol, the effectiveness of fluoride varnish and iodine in preschoolers, clinical efficacy and safety of diammine silver fluoride, motivational strategies to increase perinatal and well child dental visits in rural communities, and studies of cognitive interventions in pediatric and adult dental fear. The NIH, Maternal and Child Health Bureau, HRSA, and the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation support his work. Dr. Milgrom is author of 5 books and over 300 scientific articles. His latest book, Treating Fearful Dental Patients, was published in 2009.   Dr. Milgrom was Distinguished Dental Behavioral Scientist of the International Association for Dental Research for 1999. In 1999, and again in 2000, his work was recognized by the Giddon Award for research in the behavioral sciences in Dentistry. He received the Barrows Milk Award from IADR in 2000, recognizing his work for public health including the development of the Access to Baby and Child Dentistry (ABCD) program in Washington State. In 2003, Dr. Milgrom received a Special Commendation Award from the National Legal Aid and Defenders Association and the University of Washington Medical Center Martin Luther King, Jr. Community Service Award. In 2010, he received the Aubrey Sheiham Research Award for his work on xylitol. He serves on scientific review committees for the NIDCR, NIMHHD, NINDS, Center for Scientific Review at NIH and as a consultant to the FDA. In 2005, Dr. Milgrom was appointed the SAAD Visiting Professor of Pain and Anxiety Control at the King's College Dental Institute, University of London, UK for a six-year term. In 2008 he was awarded the degree of Doctor Honoris Causa from the University of Bergen, Norway in recognition of his work in social and behavioral dentistry. In 2012, he received the University of California, San Francisco Dental Alumni Gold Medal for his contributions to Dentistry. In 2012 he was also awarded the Norton Ross Award for Excellence in Clinical Research by the American Dental Association. In 2013, he was appointed to the Council of Scientific Affairs of the American Dental Association. In 2014, he received the Irwin M. Mandel Distinguished Mentor Award from the IADR. In 2015, he served as HMDP Expert in Dental Public Health for the Singapore Ministry of Health. Dr. Milgrom received his DDS from the University of California, San Francisco in 1972 and had a previous position at the National Academy of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. In the last few years, Dr. Milgrom has spoken to dental associations in Argentina, Colombia, Peru, Philippines, and USA and at major universities in USA and abroad.

DOT - Use the Code DENTALDIGEST for 10% off olsenna.com Olsen Facebook Olsen Instagram Olsen Linkedin Olsen Youtube https://www.oneplacecapital.com/ Follow @dental_digest_podcast Instagram Follow @dr.melissa_seibert on Instagram Connect with Melissa on Linkedin Dr. Peter Milgrom is Professor of Oral Health Sciences and Pediatric Dentistry in the School of Dentistry and adjunct Professor of Health Services in the School of Public Health at the University of Washington. He directs the Northwest Center to Reduce Oral Health Disparities. He holds academic appointments at Case Western University, University of Rochester, and University of California, San Francisco. He maintains a dental practice limited to the care of fearful patients and served as Director of the UW Dental Fears Research Clinic. Dr. Milgrom's work includes research on xylitol, the effectiveness of fluoride varnish and iodine in preschoolers, clinical efficacy and safety of diammine silver fluoride, motivational strategies to increase perinatal and well child dental visits in rural communities, and studies of cognitive interventions in pediatric and adult dental fear. The NIH, Maternal and Child Health Bureau, HRSA, and the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation support his work. Dr. Milgrom is author of 5 books and over 300 scientific articles. His latest book, Treating Fearful Dental Patients, was published in 2009.   Dr. Milgrom was Distinguished Dental Behavioral Scientist of the International Association for Dental Research for 1999. In 1999, and again in 2000, his work was recognized by the Giddon Award for research in the behavioral sciences in Dentistry. He received the Barrows Milk Award from IADR in 2000, recognizing his work for public health including the development of the Access to Baby and Child Dentistry (ABCD) program in Washington State. In 2003, Dr. Milgrom received a Special Commendation Award from the National Legal Aid and Defenders Association and the University of Washington Medical Center Martin Luther King, Jr. Community Service Award. In 2010, he received the Aubrey Sheiham Research Award for his work on xylitol. He serves on scientific review committees for the NIDCR, NIMHHD, NINDS, Center for Scientific Review at NIH and as a consultant to the FDA. In 2005, Dr. Milgrom was appointed the SAAD Visiting Professor of Pain and Anxiety Control at the King's College Dental Institute, University of London, UK for a six-year term. In 2008 he was awarded the degree of Doctor Honoris Causa from the University of Bergen, Norway in recognition of his work in social and behavioral dentistry. In 2012, he received the University of California, San Francisco Dental Alumni Gold Medal for his contributions to Dentistry. In 2012 he was also awarded the Norton Ross Award for Excellence in Clinical Research by the American Dental Association. In 2013, he was appointed to the Council of Scientific Affairs of the American Dental Association. In 2014, he received the Irwin M. Mandel Distinguished Mentor Award from the IADR. In 2015, he served as HMDP Expert in Dental Public Health for the Singapore Ministry of Health. Dr. Milgrom received his DDS from the University of California, San Francisco in 1972 and had a previous position at the National Academy of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. In the last few years, Dr. Milgrom has spoken to dental associations in Argentina, Colombia, Peru, Philippines, and USA and at major universities in USA and abroad.

We're taking a journey back in time, guided by our special guest - John Grabowski from Case Western University! In this episode, John explores the devastating impact of the Influenza Pandemic on Cleveland, particularly on our own Calvary Cemetery.  Join us as we contemplate how our past continues to shape our present through personal histories, global pandemics, and the enduring impact it has on our lives.  Do you have a topic you'd like us to discuss? Please email us at podcast@clecem.org!Please feel free to "Connect With Us" via our website at www.clecem.org.Follow us on:Facebook: @catholiccemeteriesassociationTwitter: @CLECatholicCemsInstagram: @clecatholiccemsBlog: @clevelandcatholiccemeteriesPodcast: "CCAirwaves" on your favorite streaming platform!

Unlike an electrical engineer or a plumber, clinical research roles are not explicitly defined or categorized as such, in government employment databases. There are no certification or degree requirements to work as a clinical research professional either. To explore the topic of clinical research as a profession, I invited Erike Stevens on the podcast. Erika advises life sciences, academic medical centers, hospitals, cancer centers, foundations and health systems process improvement initiatives for productivity, quality and efficiency in operations, cross-functional relationships, administration, manufacturing, and compliance.  She has over 20 years of research/ R&D experience, serving in roles such as Vice President Research, Senior Managing Director, Director Clinical Trials Office, Director of Clinical Research, Interim Executive Director, Clinical Trials Office and Director of Research Operations.  Erika holds her B.A. from the University of Vermont, her M.A. from Case Western Reserve University and her M.A. from Temple University.  She also holds a Graduate Certificate in Gerontology from Case Western University. Please join me in welcoming Erika on the show. Podcast Sponsor(s): This podcast is brought to you by Slope. Slope drives operational excellence for highly complex, sample-intensive, early-phase clinical trials. The platform transforms chaotic clinical trial supply chains into protocol-specific operational workflows for sponsors, CROs, clinical research sites and labs. Slope is trusted by industry leaders in complex early-phase clinical trials from top 50 pharma and CROs to emerging biotechs, and a global site network including NCI cancer centers and AMCs. Learn more at https://www.slopeclinical.com/ This podcast is brought to you by Veeva. Veeva connects patients, sites, and sponsors, on a single technology ecosystem to make clinical trials easier and faster. I'm particularly excited about Veeva SiteVault. SiteVault gives research sites one place to work with sponsors – to reduce the number of systems and logins used to run clinical trials. To learn more, visit https://sites.veeva.com/.  

This week on the BackTable Urology Podcast, Dr. Bagrodia talks with Dr. Daniel Spratt, professor and chairman of radiation oncology at Case Western University in Cleveland, about the workup and treatment of high risk prostate cancer. --- CHECK OUT OUR SPONSOR Veracyte https://www.veracyte.com/decipher --- SHOW NOTES First, Dr. Spratt defines high risk prostate cancer and discusses how to evaluate non-specific PSMA PET findings. He notes the importance of standardized systems to avoid over-calling such findings and discusses the role of CT scans and MRI scans when necessary. Finally, the doctors emphasize the importance of synthesizing PSMA PET findings into their decision-making. Next, the doctors discuss the use of germline and genomic testing, specifically Decipher testing, to characterize the tumor. Germline testing can determine eligibility for neoadjuvant PARP inhibitor trials, and biomarkers have the potential to improve radiation therapy outcomes. Although they quickly summarize the NCCN guidelines, they also emphasize the importance of patient counseling to determine the right treatment plan. Then, the doctors move on to discuss the different radiation treatments available for treating high-risk prostate cancer, such as conventional fractionation, brachytherapy, and ultrahypofractionated radiotherapy. They also explain the use of protons in treating high-risk prostate cancer, which is difficult because of the lack of high-level evidence and financial benefit when using protons compared to conventional radiation treatments. Finally, they wrap up the episode by explaining the correlation between early PSA responses and the success of radiation therapy. Surgery and radiation are often used together in treating most cancers, and how combining both can cut down the chances of PSA recurrence. --- RESOURCES Veracyte Decipher: https://decipherbio.com/

The following question refers to Sections 10.2 of the 2022 AHA/ACC/HFSA Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure. The question is asked by Western Michigan University medical student and CardioNerds Intern Shivani Reddy, answered first by Mayo Clinic Cardiology Fellow and CardioNerds Academy House Faculty Leader Dr. Dinu Balanescu, and then by expert faculty Dr. Ileana Pina. Dr. Pina is Professor of Medicine and Quality Officer for the Cardiovascular Line at Thomas Jefferson University, Clinical Professor at Central Michigan University, and Adjunct Professor of Biostats and Epidemiology at Case Western University. She serves as Senior Fellow and Medical Officer at the Food and Drug Administration's Center for Devices and Radiological Health. The Decipher the Guidelines: 2022 AHA / ACC / HFSA Guideline for The Management of Heart Failure series was developed by the CardioNerds and created in collaboration with the American Heart Association and the Heart Failure Society of America. It was created by 30 trainees spanning college through advanced fellowship under the leadership of CardioNerds Cofounders Dr. Amit Goyal and Dr. Dan Ambinder, with mentorship from Dr. Anu Lala, Dr. Robert Mentz, and Dr. Nancy Sweitzer. We thank Dr. Judy Bezanson and Dr. Elliott Antman for tremendous guidance. Enjoy this Circulation 2022 Paths to Discovery article to learn about the CardioNerds story, mission, and values. Question #24 Mr. E. Regular is a 61-year-old man with a history of HFrEF due to non-ischemic cardiomyopathy (latest LVEF 40% after >3 months of optimized GDMT) and persistent atrial fibrillation. He has no other medical history. He has been on metoprolol and apixaban and has also undergone multiple electrical cardioversions and catheter ablations for atrial fibrillation but remains symptomatic with poorly controlled rates. His blood pressure is 105/65 mm Hg. HbA1c is 5.4%. Which of the following is a reasonable next step in the management of his atrial fibrillation? A Anti-arrhythmic drug therapy with amiodarone. Stop apixaban. B Repeat catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation. Stop apixaban. C AV nodal ablation and RV pacing. Shared decision-making regarding anticoagulation. D AV nodal ablation and CRT device. Shared decision-making regarding anticoagulation. Answer #24 Explanation The correct answer is D – AV nodal ablation and CRT device along with shared decision-making regarding anticoagulation.” Maintaining sinus rhythm and atrial-ventricular synchrony is helpful in patients with heart failure given the hemodynamic benefits of atrial systole for diastolic filling and having a regularized rhythm. Recent randomized controlled trials suggest that catheter-based rhythm control strategies are superior to rate control and chemical rhythm control strategies with regards to outcomes in atrial fibrillation. For patients with heart failure and symptoms caused by atrial fibrillation, ablation is reasonable to improve symptoms and quality of life (Class 2a, LOE B-R). However, Mr. Regular has already had multiple failed attempts at ablations (option B). For patients with AF and LVEF ≤50%, if a rhythm control strategy fails or is not desired, and ventricular rates remain rapid despite medical therapy, atrioventricular nodal ablation with implantation of a CRT device is reasonable (Class 2a, LOE B-R). The PAVE and BLOCK-HF trials suggested improved outcomes with CRT devices in these patients. RV pacing following AV nodal ablation has also been shown to improve outcomes in patients with atrial fibrillation refractory to other rhythm control strategies. In patients with EF >50%, there is no evidence to suggest that CRT is more beneficial compared to RV-only pacing. However, RV pacing may produce ventricular dyssynchrony and when compared to CRT in those with reduced EF (≤ 50%),

Drs. Pedro Barata and Naomi Haas discuss the emergence of clinical trials investigating triplet combinations in advanced renal cell carcinoma, factors that influence treatment decisions, strategies to personalize therapies in the frontline setting, including response-adaptive treatment strategies, and the use of biomarkers such as gene expression analysis to guide initial therapy. TRANSCRIPT Dr. Pedro Barata: Hello, I'm Dr. Pedro Barata. I'm your guest host of the ASCO Daily News Podcast today. I'm an associate professor of medicine and also a GU medical oncologist at University Hospital Seidman Cancer Center, Case Western University in Cleveland, Ohio. I'm also an associate editor for the ASCO Educational Book. Today I'm really delighted to welcome Dr. Naomi Haas, the director of the Prostate and Kidney Cancer Program at the Abramson Cancer Center and professor of medicine at the University of Pennsylvania.  Welcome, Dr. Haas. Dr. Naomi Haas: Thank you, Dr. Barata. It's a pleasure to be interviewed. Dr. Pedro Barata: Thank you. As you know, we've seen significant strides in the frontline treatment for patients with advanced clear cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC), and there are multiple doublet regimens that are now the standard of care for those patients. The goal for us to chat today is to discuss the emergence of clinical trials that are really investigating triple combinations and the factors that influence treatment decisions around triplet combinations for patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma. I want to congratulate you for the great work that you did in a recently published article in the 2023 ASCO Educational Book. So thank you for your contributions. And just before we get started, I just want to highlight that our full disclosures are available in the transcript of this episode. So, Dr. Haas, again, it's great to have you. Thank you for taking the time. Let me get started. So, we know that there are multiple standard of care doublet regimens, all of them immunotherapy-based combos, and they usually include 1 checkpoint inhibitor or 2, such as ipilimumab plus nivolumab or a combination of an immune checkpoint inhibitor with a VEGF TKI. And we have a number of examples like that. Can you tell us about the trials that have emerged exploring triplet therapies in the first-line setting for patients with advanced RCC? Dr. Naomi Haas: Sure, and I'm going to focus just on triplet therapies that are just about ready to go. But as you know, Pedro, there are probably many different combinations that we'll see in the future. Some of the combinations that have already been conducted as clinical trials include combinations of VEGF receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors along with immune checkpoint inhibitors. I'll highlight one which was batiraxcept plus cabozantinib and nivolumab, and it's a combination of VEGF inhibitor, immune checkpoint inhibitor, and also an AXL inhibitor. So, most of these capitalize on other vulnerabilities with renal cell carcinoma.  So, as you said, they build on the tyrosine kinase inhibitor pathway or on the immune checkpoint inhibitor pathway. Some of them are combining drugs such as CDK inhibitors. There was axitinib plus nivolumab plus palbociclib trial that is getting ready to launch. Others are combining the use of belzutifan, which is a HIF inhibitor in combination with VEGF inhibitor and immune checkpoint inhibitor. There are a couple of those that are ongoing, one of them looking at combinations with lenvatinib. And I think there are also trials getting ready to launch that are using it in combination with cabozantinib and nivolumab.  Additionally, another very interesting direction is trying to affect the gut microbiome. And there was a clinical trial presented by Dr. Monty Pal at the gut microbiome session at ASCO, which combined CBM-588, which is a probiotic, in combination with cabozantinib and nivolumab. And that showed an improvement in progression-free survival compared to the combination of cabozantinib and nivolumab alone. And previously there was work published using CBM-588 in combination with ipilimumab and nivolumab. So that's an area of high interest to patients. But most of these combinations capitalize on either vulnerabilities, signs of resistance in pathways or in adding other pathways that have previously been unaddressed in renal cell carcinoma, and are combined with pathways that we know are effective. Dr. Pedro Barata: Wow, that's a fantastic overview of some of the approaches being considered in the frontline, so thank you for that. And actually to your point, some of them we've seen some data, others more later stages of development. So with that in mind, we also know that we have on one side of the story we have how much of these combos of triplets can actually be effective and help patients. From the other perspective is about tolerability, treatment options, and patient health. They're both very important considerations.  Can you tell us a little bit about the safety profile of these triplet combos? I know we're talking about many different things. The microbiome triplet has a different safety profile than perhaps a combination with a TKI and different checkpoints, for instance. Can you tell us a little bit about what we expect from the safety profile when we start to combine these therapies in the upfront setting?  Dr. Naomi Haas: Sure. I think 2 of the very tolerable triplet regimens have been the combination of the CBM-588 in combination with ipilimumab and nivolumab. Really in those combinations, the authors at least have demonstrated that there has not been a great difference between the two study arms of either the doublet or the doublet in combination with the CBM-588 trial. And that's based on basically changing the bacterial flora of the gut. The Avera trial, which was using the AXL inhibitor in combination with cabozantinib and nivolumab, also seems to have a very tolerable safety profile. Now, this trial was not compared to sort of a standard of care arm, so it's a little bit difficult. A standard of care arm that I would have considered for this clinical trial would have been to use either cabozantinib alone or cabozantinib with nivolumab. Instead, this was more of a dose-finding protocol. So, more work needs to be done with that, but the side effects of that combination additive to what we already know seem to be just infusion reactions from the AXL inhibitor.  The trial that got the most attention so far has been COSMIC-313, which was combining cabozantinib with ipilimumab and nivolumab upfront. And of course, the concern with this triplet combination was that there was more hepatotoxicity seen and it was difficult to know whether the hepatotoxicity was from the combinations of the immune checkpoint inhibitors or the use of the cabozantinib. And although the trial showed an improvement in progression-free survival, it did not show as many complete responses as the comparator arm. And the other concern was that there was quite a bit of dropout due to toxicity. And of course, we don't have the overall survival endpoint for that trial yet. Dr. Pedro Barata: Great, thank you for that. I agree completely. We've seen many different safety profiles with these different triplets.  Let me touch base on a slightly different topic, and that has to do with what kind of strategies can we think to personalize treatment for clear cell RCC in the frontline. And this is not necessarily applicable only to triplet therapy. There are also some efforts with doublets, but the goal is, I would argue, is response adaptive treatment strategies or even the use of upfront biomarkers such as gene expression analysis, for example, to help us guide initial therapy. Can you give us an idea what your thoughts are about what is coming? What do you think the future will look like in terms of developing this like a biomarker-based approach? What kind of factors or markers we can use to select who gets what in the frontline setting? Dr. Naomi Haas: Sure. So, I'll just highlight ahead of that that one important biomarker that we're already using is the IMDC criteria, which I think if that algorithm had not been developed, we would be struggling a lot in renal cancer and that's, of course, the algorithm that uses the thing such as performance status, hemoglobin, calcium, and time for the development of metastatic disease as well as the neutrophil count and the platelet count. And that has helped us divide categories of patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma into poor risk, intermediate risk, or favorable risk categories. And that was recently validated in the immune therapy combinations that were previously been validated just in VEGF inhibitor therapies.  But the other useful, let's start with clinical tools that I think are going to be very important are the health-related quality of life tools which primarily measure things such as functional health, as well as toxicity. And one of these is the FKSI-19 score which captures most renal disease-related symptoms, treatments, side effects, and functional well-being. And this has been implemented in some trials and are looked at over time whether the patient's functional status improves. And patients who are responding to therapies generally will improve as far as their overall well-being. Although that can be difficult as a tool because if patients are experiencing toxicity, those signs might not be apparent. But that's one tool that's being used.  Now, people, both patient advocates and patients, have pointed out that it's very hard to use a tool like this in real life to implement in clinic, but there are efforts being carried out to make these tools a little bit easier so that people can use them day-to-day. So, I can see that being implemented more often.  The others have to do with response assessments, and I think it's very important to look at immune-related responses which kind of builds on the resist response, but it uses two dimensions of measurement as opposed to one dimension of measurement. And looking at those, we know now that patients who have what we call a deep response, so something better than a 75% shrinkage or even a 90% shrinkage in a very short period of time tend to be those patients who behave like patients who have complete responses. And both progression-free survival and overall survivals seem to be going in a very encouraging way looking at these tools so you could see that this tool could be implemented in real life with treating a patient and if they have a very deep response quickly, you can feel, the physician or the APP, could be very confident that the patient is going to do well for a long period of time. I think the tools that we're waiting for the most, however, are as you said, the biomarker tools. And this is where we still have a lot of work to do, but one example of this is the transcriptomics which has been conducted in both the atezolizumab-based trials such as the IMmotion trials, and also to some extent with the JAVELIN trials, the avelumab and axitinib trials. And this goes back to looking at the tissues sample and looking at transcriptomics which show mRNA expression as well as some alterations in some of the important genes such as BAP1 and PRBM1.  And those tools have been implemented, especially in the IMmotion trial, there were 7 clusters identified, and two of the clusters are groups of patients whose tumors have transcriptomics that indicate that they would respond well to a VEGF inhibitor. And a couple of them also showed very good responses to immune checkpoint pathways. There were additional pathways which suggested that patients wouldn't be responsive to either of these. And there is a trial called OPTIC that is funded by the Department of Defense (DOD) which is currently applying these transcriptomics, and then assigning patients to get either a VEGF IO therapy combination or a dual immune checkpoint inhibitor combination, based on their transcriptomics.  And I think what everybody would really like to see is, number 1, that these transcriptomics consistently bear out that there isn't irregularity in using these as predictors. So, they do need to be validated. But I think if there was a quick and easy way to do this, to assign patients to therapies based on these profiles, that would perhaps go a long way in predicting what therapy a patient should start with.  Another useful tool is the development of artificial intelligence. And there are a number of companies that are looking at these tools. We're implementing this retrospectively in the ASSURE trial, which was the adjuvant seraphinib synontib or placebo trial, for patients at high risk for RCC. And we're working with a company to identify, using AI, looking at the slides. And I think that if these kinds of techniques, which are already being used in prostate cancer, are something that can be developed, then what I could see in the future is that a patient's slide could be tested very quickly, and that that might also indicate things that perhaps we can't see under the microscope, as far as either a response to treatment or a risk. So, you could use that in the adjuvant setting to predict whether a patient might need adjuvant therapy or not. So I can see those being implemented.  And then the third is looking at cell-free DNA. And there are many different mechanisms that have been tested in other solid tumors, using either circulating tumor DNA or cell-free DNA. Now, the circulating tumor DNA seems to be a little bit more difficult to assess in metastatic kidney cancer because it doesn't have the mutational burden and doesn't seem to have as many mutations and things floating around that can be captured. However, cell-free DNA, which has the capability of measuring DNA methylation profiles, does seem to be showing some promise, and there have been some publications.  So this has also been tested in cancers of all stages and can be measured in both the plasma and in the urine. And that could be another helpful tool that needs to be validated, but that could be used to start a patient on treatment. And if the amounts of cell-free DNA went down with therapy, that could be a good indication, perhaps in advance of imaging, that a patient is doing well with therapy.  So those are some examples that I see potentially being used in the future to help direct therapy, provided that we can make these tools, that we can validate these tools, and secondly, that these tools are relatively inexpensive and that they're nimble, that they could be used right away, that it wouldn't take a long time to get the results back to help guide. Dr. Pedro Barata: For sure. I couldn't agree more. What a masterclass of all the emerging tools that are being investigated in RCC, this is fantastic.  So, I guess maybe one last question before I let you go. We have now a number of doublets, we have perhaps a triplet, if not more. If you were to guess, who do you think will be the ideal population for a triplet therapy? Some, in addition to all the tools you mentioned, maybe sarcomatoid features, etc. that might be part of the AI complement to what you mentioned earlier. But if you were to guess, do you think that 5 years from now, we're going to be offering a triplet therapy, whatever that triple therapy might be, to everybody, to certain populations? What can you tell us to help us predict what might happen in the near future to make us think about a thoughtful, shared decision-making process and try to predict who might be the ideal population for triplet therapy? Dr. Naomi Haas: So, I don't think we're going to use triplet therapy in everybody. And in fact, I hope we don't use triplet therapy in everybody because I have patients who have responded to single-agent nivolumab and remained in a continuous CR many years after they were treated that way. And I have other patients who really progressed very rapidly or relapsed very quickly after doublet therapy combinations. So, I think that what I would see in the future would be using the triplet therapy combinations in the challenging patients, the patients who we know we're not getting as far along with the doublet approach. And that's really our challenge. And I would see that perhaps some of this transcriptomics which indicates that there are subsets of renal cell carcinoma which are not going to respond well to a VEGF inhibitor or to an immune checkpoint inhibitor, that those are areas where there might be other relevant pathways where maybe the signal isn't quite as good with– maybe they have some response, but not an optimal response. And then combining another pathway into that would be a way forward to achieve a complete response in those populations.  I also want to emphasize that it may be that triplet therapy isn't the way to go, but that triplet therapy can be more of an adaptive design where a doublet therapy is started, and then the third drug, a triplet, is added at a later time. And an example of that is PDIGREE, which is the combination of ipilimumab and nivolumab. And then following imaging, patients are assigned, depending on the response, to get either cabozantinib alone, cabozantinib with nivolumab, or to continue on just nivolumab alone. And that might be a better way to address toxicity. But some of these other triplet combinations, one could also see- you could start, for example, with ipilimumab and nivolumab, and if they were having a response but you wanted to heighten the response, maybe adding the CBM-588 as an adaptive response or adding a CDK inhibitor, but sort of staggering the combination so that you spare patients some of the toxicity. So, I think all of those approaches need to be tested. Dr. Pedro Barata: That is fantastic. Dr. Haas, this is an incredible podcast. You did highlight several triplet combinations that are currently under investigation. You highlighted very, very important ongoing clinical trials. You touched base on what the future might bring as far as tools that might help us decide or optimize patient selection. We talked about adaptive designs. So really outstanding work. And also, I think this reflects the fantastic work in the manuscript that you wrote in the 2023 ASCO Educational Book.  So, thank you so much, Dr. Haas, for the incredible work that you have done and you continue to do in the GU field, and for taking the time to share your insights with us today on the ASCO Daily News Podcast. It's truly been a pleasure to chat with you today. Dr. Naomi Haas: Thank you.  Dr. Pedro Barata: Thank you again. And thank you also to our listeners for joining us today. Really happy with talking about this topic with Dr. Haas. You can also find links to the studies that we discussed today in the transcript of this episode. And finally, if you value the insights that you hear on the ASCO Daily News Podcast, please take a moment to rate, review and subscribe wherever you get your podcast.  So again, it has been a privilege to be here today with Dr. Haas. Thank you for joining us and have a good day.   Disclaimer: The purpose of this podcast is to educate and to inform. This is not a substitute for professional medical care and is not intended for use in the diagnosis or treatment of individual conditions. Guests on this podcast express their own opinions, experience, and conclusions. Guest statements on the podcast do not express the opinions of ASCO. The mention of any product, service, organization, activity, or therapy should not be construed as an ASCO endorsement.   Follow today's speakers:  Dr. Pedro Barata @PBarataMD Dr. Naomi Haas   Follow ASCO on social media:  @ASCO on Twitter  ASCO on Facebook  ASCO on LinkedIn    Disclosures:  Dr. Pedro Barata: Honoraria: UroToday Consulting or Advisory Role: Bayer, BMS, Pfizer, EMD Serono, Eisai, Caris Life Sciences, AstraZeneca, Exelixis, AVEO, Dendreon Speakers' Bureau (Inst): Caris Life Sciences, Bayer, Pfizer/Astellas Research Funding (Inst.):  Blueearth, AVEO, Pfizer, Merck   Dr. Naomi Haas: Consulting or Advisory Role: Pfizer, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Calithera, Eisai, Exelisis, AVEO, Roche/Genentech Expert Testimony: Lilly

Dr Jenny King , Co-Director at the Center on Trauma and Adversity Associate. Professor at Case Western University, neurobiologically-informed doctor of social worker, therapist consultant, and author and I sit down for an intimate conversation on trauma and somatics, breathwork, and more. As a trauma specialist deeply interested and trained in the neurosequential model of therapeutics (NMT) developed by Dr. Bruce Perry as well as traumatic stress in the breath, Dr. Jenny King has developed techniques that work for her clients, and for herself. She's a big believer in amassing easy, accessible tools we can use daily to bring our nervous systems in balance. As we discuss more fully in this interview, there is no magic practice that works ALL the time for ALL the people. What works for you one day might not be as effective as the next. After all, she explains, we are a complex person, full of all that brought us to this moment, which is also unique. Dr. Jenny and I also explore how we collectively, but uniquely (weird, right?!) experienced the trauma of the COVID-19 pandemic trauma,and how, frankly, it's not over. While there's been a cultural push to bury our heads in the sand and not look at how this affected us—whether because loved ones became ill or died, or because our way of life so radically changed then and now. As humans, we are widely adaptable which is amazing, but sometimes we adapt to hide from difficult emotions. And, collectively, we've done a pretty damn good job of that. But we are experiencing the consequences of that collective head in the sand. Dr. Jenny and I explore what we can do to move from this collective malaise to health using those easily accessible tools that work so well—the breath, movement, being vulnerable and sharing our truth with others we trust and love. We get curious about where we are, and really see it and experience so we can learn from it and move on, growing all the while.I know you'll love this conversation with Dr. Jenny King, and you'll want to know more.Find out more about Dr. Jenny King:Web: https://drjennyking.comInsta: @drjennykingFacebook: @drjennykingFind out more about Melissa and The Fully Mindful:Coaching with Melissa–Book a free, no-strings attached call to find out how embodied coaching and breathwork can help you uncover your worth, discover who and where you want to be, and catapult you into your purpose:Book a Free 20 Minute Call with Melissa

4Follow @dental_digest_podcast Instagram Follow @dr.melissa_seibert on Instagram Connect with Melissa on Linkedin Dr. Peter Milgrom is Professor of Oral Health Sciences and Pediatric Dentistry in the School of Dentistry and adjunct Professor of Health Services in the School of Public Health at the University of Washington. He directs the Northwest Center to Reduce Oral Health Disparities. He holds academic appointments at Case Western University, University of Rochester, and University of California, San Francisco. He maintains a dental practice limited to the care of fearful patients and served as Director of the UW Dental Fears Research Clinic. Dr. Milgrom's work includes research on xylitol, the effectiveness of fluoride varnish and iodine in preschoolers, clinical efficacy and safety of diammine silver fluoride, motivational strategies to increase perinatal and well child dental visits in rural communities, and studies of cognitive interventions in pediatric and adult dental fear. The NIH, Maternal and Child Health Bureau, HRSA, and the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation support his work. Dr. Milgrom is author of 5 books and over 300 scientific articles. His latest book, Treating Fearful Dental Patients, was published in 2009.   Dr. Milgrom was Distinguished Dental Behavioral Scientist of the International Association for Dental Research for 1999. In 1999, and again in 2000, his work was recognized by the Giddon Award for research in the behavioral sciences in Dentistry. He received the Barrows Milk Award from IADR in 2000, recognizing his work for public health including the development of the Access to Baby and Child Dentistry (ABCD) program in Washington State. In 2003, Dr. Milgrom received a Special Commendation Award from the National Legal Aid and Defenders Association and the University of Washington Medical Center Martin Luther King, Jr. Community Service Award. In 2010, he received the Aubrey Sheiham Research Award for his work on xylitol. He serves on scientific review committees for the NIDCR, NIMHHD, NINDS, Center for Scientific Review at NIH and as a consultant to the FDA. In 2005, Dr. Milgrom was appointed the SAAD Visiting Professor of Pain and Anxiety Control at the King's College Dental Institute, University of London, UK for a six-year term. In 2008 he was awarded the degree of Doctor Honoris Causa from the University of Bergen, Norway in recognition of his work in social and behavioral dentistry. In 2012, he received the University of California, San Francisco Dental Alumni Gold Medal for his contributions to Dentistry. In 2012 he was also awarded the Norton Ross Award for Excellence in Clinical Research by the American Dental Association. In 2013, he was appointed to the Council of Scientific Affairs of the American Dental Association. In 2014, he received the Irwin M. Mandel Distinguished Mentor Award from the IADR. In 2015, he served as HMDP Expert in Dental Public Health for the Singapore Ministry of Health. Dr. Milgrom received his DDS from the University of California, San Francisco in 1972 and had a previous position at the National Academy of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. In the last few years, Dr. Milgrom has spoken to dental associations in Argentina, Colombia, Peru, Philippines, and USA and at major universities in USA and abroad.

In this impactful episode Brad sits down with Steve Dalton, the Author of The 2-Hour Job Search and most recently “The Job Closer” to understand how so many people get sucked into the belief that job search has to be a long and arduous trek rather than a streamlined process. Key highlights from this episode include:  Steve discusses what motivated him to write his first book and what prompted the follow up years later.  The difference between job search tips and the elusive job search recipe.  Where do most people get networking wrong by the advice out there on the internet.  Steve breaks down the importance of trust building in the job search.  He talks about the difference between proactive and reactive networking.  What steps can be taken to work through the initial fear of reaching out during networking  The importance of going into a job search with a learning forward attitude and how that actually looks in practice.  How to lead with curiosity when connecting to others in a way that makes them feels valued.  How can cover letters be utilized as an effective job search strategy rather than a document that will never been seen  Guest Info:  Steve Dalton was inspired by his students' difficult job searches during the 2008 financial crisis, so the then-Duke MBA career coach set out to create the first set of job search instructions to replace the ubiquitous networking “tips” which only worked for a select few. Steve Dalton has since delivered hundreds of workshops on his advocacy-building methods for both universities and employers following the success of his first book, The 2-Hour Job Search, which was published by Penguin Random House's Ten Speed Press in 2012. His books – including his 2021 follow-up The Job Closer – are both Amazon #1 best-sellers and have now sold more than 100,000 copies worldwide. Their “recipes” are currently taught at over 100 universities worldwide, and Dalton himself is a frequent guest speaker at top universities and Fortune 500 companies. Through his company, Contact2Colleague, Dalton provides workshops and keynotes to help companies improve their talent retention, advancement, and diversification through cohort onboardings, ERG presentations, company-wide trainings, and more. Dalton has been featured in Fast Company, the Wall Street Journal, and Fortune among others and was a regular contributor to the Huffington Post. His networking videos are popular on YouTube, and his video on how to answer “Tell me about yourself” is among YouTube's Top 1% most popular. Prior to career services, Dalton was a chemical engineer, strategy consultant, and marketer. Dalton holds an MBA from Duke and a chemical engineering degree from Case Western University. He currently resides in Durham, North Carolina. Website: https://www.contact2colleague.com/  2 Hour Job Search Book: https://2hourjobsearch.com/  The Job Closer Book: https://www.thejobcloser.com/  LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/daltonsteve/ --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/yourcareergps/message Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/yourcareergps/support

Dr. Peter Milgrom is Professor of Oral Health Sciences and Pediatric Dentistry in the School of Dentistry and adjunct Professor of Health Services in the School of Public Health at the University of Washington. He directs the Northwest Center to Reduce Oral Health Disparities. He holds academic appointments at Case Western University, University of Rochester, and University of California, San Francisco. He maintains a dental practice limited to the care of fearful patients and served as Director of the UW Dental Fears Research Clinic. Dr. Milgrom's work includes research on xylitol, the effectiveness of fluoride varnish and iodine in preschoolers, clinical efficacy and safety of diammine silver fluoride, motivational strategies to increase perinatal and well child dental visits in rural communities, and studies of cognitive interventions in pediatric and adult dental fear. The NIH, Maternal and Child Health Bureau, HRSA, and the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation support his work. Dr. Milgrom is author of 5 books and over 300 scientific articles. His latest book, Treating Fearful Dental Patients, was published in 2009.   Dr. Milgrom was Distinguished Dental Behavioral Scientist of the International Association for Dental Research for 1999. In 1999, and again in 2000, his work was recognized by the Giddon Award for research in the behavioral sciences in Dentistry. He received the Barrows Milk Award from IADR in 2000, recognizing his work for public health including the development of the Access to Baby and Child Dentistry (ABCD) program in Washington State. In 2003, Dr. Milgrom received a Special Commendation Award from the National Legal Aid and Defenders Association and the University of Washington Medical Center Martin Luther King, Jr. Community Service Award. In 2010, he received the Aubrey Sheiham Research Award for his work on xylitol. He serves on scientific review committees for the NIDCR, NIMHHD, NINDS, Center for Scientific Review at NIH and as a consultant to the FDA. In 2005, Dr. Milgrom was appointed the SAAD Visiting Professor of Pain and Anxiety Control at the King's College Dental Institute, University of London, UK for a six-year term. In 2008 he was awarded the degree of Doctor Honoris Causa from the University of Bergen, Norway in recognition of his work in social and behavioral dentistry. In 2012, he received the University of California, San Francisco Dental Alumni Gold Medal for his contributions to Dentistry. In 2012 he was also awarded the Norton Ross Award for Excellence in Clinical Research by the American Dental Association. In 2013, he was appointed to the Council of Scientific Affairs of the American Dental Association. In 2014, he received the Irwin M. Mandel Distinguished Mentor Award from the IADR. In 2015, he served as HMDP Expert in Dental Public Health for the Singapore Ministry of Health. Dr. Milgrom received his DDS from the University of California, San Francisco in 1972 and had a previous position at the National Academy of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. In the last few years, Dr. Milgrom has spoken to dental associations in Argentina, Colombia, Peru, Philippines, and USA and at major universities in USA and abroad.

This week, we meet Hani Kayyali. Hani is President and CEO of CleveMed. Learn about his journey from Lebanon to the United States, to Case Western University, to becoming the President and CEO of CleveMed. Learn more about CleveMed at  www.clevemed.com 1-877-CleveMed support@clevemed.com Don't forget to Like, Share, and Subscribe!  Check out our sponsors, React Health, at https://www.reacthealth.com/  Credits:  Audio/ Video: Diego R Mann  Music: Pierce G Mann  Hosts:  J. Emerson Kerr  Robert Miller  Gerald George Mannikarote  Copyright 2023 SleepTech Talk Productions

The following question refers to Section 10.1 of the 2022 AHA/ACC/HFSA Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure. The question is asked by Western Michigan University medical student and CardioNerds Intern Shivani Reddy, answered first by Boston University cardiology fellow and CardioNerds Ambassador Dr. Alex Pipilas, and then by expert faculty Dr. Ileana Pina.Dr. Pina is Professor of Medicine and Quality Officer for the Cardiovascular Line at Thomas Jefferson University, Clinical Professor at Central Michigan University, and Adjunct Professor of Biostats and Epidemiology at Case Western University. She serves as Senior Fellow and Medical Officer at the Food and Drug Administration's Center for Devices and Radiological Health.The Decipher the Guidelines: 2022 AHA / ACC / HFSA Guideline for The Management of Heart Failure series was developed by the CardioNerds and created in collaboration with the American Heart Association and the Heart Failure Society of America. It was created by 30 trainees spanning college through advanced fellowship under the leadership of CardioNerds Cofounders Dr. Amit Goyal and Dr. Dan Ambinder, with mentorship from Dr. Anu Lala, Dr. Robert Mentz, and Dr. Nancy Sweitzer. We thank Dr. Judy Bezanson and Dr. Elliott Antman for tremendous guidance.Enjoy this Circulation 2022 Paths to Discovery article to learn about the CardioNerds story, mission, and values. Question #15 Mrs. Framingham is a 65-year-old woman who presents to her cardiologist's office for stable angina and worsening dyspnea on minimal exertion. She has a history of non-insulin dependent type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension. She is taking metformin, linagliptin, lisinopril, and amlodipine. Blood pressure is 119/70 mmHg. Labs are notable for a hemoglobin of 14.2 mg/dL, iron of 18 mcg/dL, ferritin 150 ug/L, transferrin saturation 15%, and normal creatine kinase. An echocardiogram shows reduced left ventricular ejection fraction of 25%. Coronary angiography shows obstructive lesions involving the proximal left anterior descending, left circumflex, and right coronary arteries. In addition to optimizing GDMT, which of the following are recommendations for changes in management? A Anticoagulation, percutaneous revascularization, and IV iron B A change in her diabetic regimen, percutaneous revascularization, and PO iron C A change in her diabetic regimen, surgical revascularization, and IV iron D A change in her diabetic regimen, medical treatment alone for CAD, and PO iron E Anticoagulation and surgical revascularization Answer #15 Explanation The correct answer is C – a change in her diabetic regimen, surgical treatment and IV iron. Multimorbidity is common in patients with heart failure. More than 85% of patients with HF also have at least 2 additional chronic conditions, of which the most common are hypertension, ischemic heart disease, diabetes, anemia, chronic kidney disease, morbid obesity, frailty, and malnutrition. These conditions can markedly impact patients' tolerance to GDMT and can inform prognosis. Not only was Mrs. F found with HFrEF (most likely due to ischemic cardiomyopathy), but she also suffers from severe multi-vessel coronary artery disease, hypertension, and non-insulin dependent type 2 diabetes mellitus. In addition to starting optimized GDMT for HF, specific comorbidities in the heart failure patient warrant specific treatment strategies. Mrs. Framingham would benefit from a change in her diabetic regimen, namely switching from linagliptin to an SGLT2 inhibitor (e.g., empagliflozin, dapagliflozin). In patients with HF and type 2 diabetes, the use of SGLT2i is recommended for the management of hyperglycemia and to reduce HF related morbidity and mortality (Class 1, LOE A). Furthermore, as she has diabetes, symptomatic severe multi-vessel CAD, and LVEF≤35%,

Dr. Allen Frances, Chair of the DSM-4 Task Force and Chair Emeritus at Duke, discusses our profession's identity and provides pearls for developing psychiatrists. Dr. Awais Aftab, Clinical Professor of Psychiatry at Case Western University, discusses the validity of the DSM and psychiatric harm. More from Dr. Frances: https://www.psychiatrictimes.com/view/advice-young-psychiatrists-very-old-one

Join me on this episode with one of our coaches at GHP, Benny Zelkin. Benny has been at GHP almost 2 years to date and handles our Trackside Sprints program and coaches our Strength and Movement Small Group Personal Training. He was a former short sprinter at Case Western University as well as coached short sprints at Case Western University. On the first half of this show we get to learn about Coach Benny's athletic background and getting into coaching. On the second half we discuss his coaching philosophy and how that shows up in training.If you are interested in training with Coach Benny here at GHP, drop a line on the website and set up a Performance Report with mewww.ghperformance.comCheck out my e-Book on Strength Training for Young Runnershttps://www.ghperformance.com/strength-training-for-young-runnersCheck out Coach Khyla's e-Book on Sport Mindfulness & Meditationhttps://www.ghperformance.com/mindfulness-meditationCheck out my e-Book on 10 Exercises to Eliminate Running Painhttps://www.ghperformance.com/eliminate-running-painSign Up for Our Newsletter for Weekly Tips!https://ghperformance.activehosted.com/f/1Learn more about Global Human Performancewww.ghperformance.comWe are on Instagram @GlobalHumanPerformanceFind Coach Donald @Coach_Donald_

As we approach the first anniversary of the invasion of Ukraine, Iran has been hit with further sanctions for supplying Russia with drones and ballistic missiles. The dense web of overseas conflicts and the growing use of remote weaponry has left many average Americans feeling disengaged from the human toll of war. Journalist Azmat Khan says our ignorance isn't an accident. She was recently awarded a Pulitzer Prize for her work uncovering the US military's systematic failure to investigate civilian casualties in the ongoing US fight against ISIS.    On this week's program, Khan sits down with Ray Suarez to discuss what accountability looks like in the age of remote warfare, and the importance of civilian oversight in US military action. Then, Shannon French joins the program to chart the ever-evolving field of military ethics – and its central role in keeping both civilians and soldiers safe.   Guests:     Azmat Khan, investigative reporter for the New York Times Magazine   Shannon French, Inamori Professor of Ethics at Case Western University   Host:   Ray Suarez   If you appreciate this episode and want to support the work we do, please consider making a donation to World Affairs. We cannot do this work without your help. Thank you.

Lindsay Turner joins the podcast to talk about what is perhaps my favorite love poem ever, Elizabeth Bishop's "The Shampoo." [FYI: For some reason there's a minor technical issue w/my audio quality for the first 3-4 minutes of the episode—sorry!—but, happily, it resolved quickly and doesn't affect the rest of this lovely conversation.]The ShampooThe still explosions on the rocks,the lichens, growby spreading, gray, concentric shocks.They have arrangedto meet the rings around the moon, althoughwithin our memories they have not changed.And since the heavens will attendas long on us,you've been, dear friend,precipitate and pragmatical;and look what happens. For Time isnothing if not amenable.The shooting stars in your black hairin bright formationare flocking where,so straight, so soon?—Come, let me wash it in this big tin basin,battered and shiny like the moon.Lindsay Turner is the author of Songs and Ballads (Prelude Books, 2018) and the chapbook A Fortnight (forthcoming, Doublecross Press). She's an assistant professor in the Department of English at Case Western University. Her second collection of poetry, The Upstate, is forthcoming in the University of Chicago Press's Phoenix Poets series in fall 2023. Her translations from the French include the poetry collections adagio ma non troppo, by Ryoko Sekiguchi (Les Figues Press, 2018), The Next Loves, by Stéphane Bouquet (Nightboat Books, 2019) and Common Life, by Stéphane Bouquet (Nightboat Books, 2023), as well as books of philosophy by Frederic Neyrat (Atopias, co-translated with Walt Hunter, Fordham UP, 2017), Souleymane Bachir Diagne (Postcolonial Bergson, Fordham UP, 2019), Anne Dufourmantelle (In Defense of Secrets, Fordham UP, 2020), Richard Rechtman (Living in Death, Fordham UP, 2021) and Éric Baratay (Animal Biographies, UGA Press, 2022). She is the recipient of a WPR Creative Grant from Harvard's Woodberry Poetry Room for 2016-17 as well as 2017 and 2019 French Voices Grants.During the episode, we listen to a recording of James Merrill reading Bishop's poem. The full recording can be found on the website of the Key West Literary Seminar. My thanks to Arlo Haskell from the Key West Literary Seminar and Stephen Yenser from the Literary Estate of James Merrill for permission to use the clip. (Copyright @ the Literary Estate of James Merrill at Washington University.) Please follow, rate, and review the podcast if you like what you hear, and make sure you're signed up for my newsletter to stay up to date on our plans.

Join us as we talk with David Hackney, MD, MS, maternal-fetal medicine physician at Case Western University and chair of ACOG's Ohio chapter. A full recap of where restrictions on reproductive rights have been and where they're going. 

Case Western University is the best college in the state of Ohio, Britney Spears reignites feud with Christina Aguilera, and more.

How Peripheral Nerve Stimulation Controls Chronic Pain, With Dr Tim Feldheim On today's episode, Dr. Danko and Dr. Feldheim discuss the rapidly growing and emerging therapy in chronic pain, peripheral nerve stimulation. Dr. Felheim completed his training at The University of Florida and a fellowship at Case Western University. At The Premier Pain Institute they have had positive experiences with peripheral nerve stimulation that they are sharing with the listeners. Tune in for the details! Episode Highlights: Dr. Feldheim explains who peripheral nerve stimulation is good for. They most commonly see peripheral neuropathy characterized by inflammation of the nerves in the lower extremities but can affect the upper; it is usually accompanied by intense burning, numbness, tingling like feeling. What is Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy (RSD)? Lumbar radiculitis is an extremely common cause of a diseased nerve pain state, a lot of people know this as sciatica. Dr. Feldheim reviews the list of other conditions that cause peripheral nerve pain and damage. Neuropathic pain can be caused by crushing of nerves, lacerations due to trauma or injury, surgical insults, stress injury, small fiber neuropathy and phantom limb pain post  amputation. What are the current treatments for peripheral nerve stimulation? Dr. Feldheim reviews the medications that are commonly prescribed as well as topical treatments and therapeutic modalities that may help. What is peripheral nerve stimulation? It does not include FieldSTEM. At PPT, one of their most common is the shoulder, they target the suprascapular nerve.  Peripheral nerve stimulation is a very safe and effective option. If you are very active,  need routine MRI, or for those who have not had success with spinal cord stimulation, this can have great benefits. Dr. Danko explains how there is a trial with peripheral nerve stimulation and why that is both exciting and important. Multiple imaging modalities can be used to target the nerves. Dr. Danko explains the setup of the devices and how they work.  A team of specialists work with the STIMwave technologies on insurance and things of that nature. Dr. Danko asks Dr. Feldheim to share other conditions that he has seen in regards to peripheral nerve stimulation. Are these procedures done in the office or the operating room? How long does the trial last?  Dr. Feldheim explains which patients would be best served with spinal cord stimulation and peripheral nerve stimulation. What about knee replacement issues?  Needing a battery versus not needing a battery: what are the pros and cons? Dr. Danko explains. How does stimulation compare to the TENS unit?  How long does the procedure take and what is the recovery period? 3 Key Points: There are many conditions that can cause issues in peripheral nerves. Dr. Danko and Dr. Feldheim are explaining the common causes and current treatments for this type of pain. The wearable device used for peripheral nerve stimulation is very durable and effective offering freedom to do daily activities and have better quality of life. What is the difference between spinal cord stimulation and peripheral nerve stimulation and what are indicators for one treatment over the other?    Resources Mentioned: https://premierpaintreatment.com/ https://www.facebook.com/PremierPainTreatment/ 513-454-7246 

Warrior cultures throughout history have developed unique codes. These codes have shifted over the centuries, so what does “the code of the warrior” mean in the 21st century, and what are the ethics on the modern battlefield   Shannon French, Inamori Professor in Ethics at Case Western Reserve University, joins Ray Suarez to chart the ever-evolving field of military ethics and its central role in keeping both civilians and soldiers safe.   Guest:   Shannon French, Inamori Professor of Ethics at Case Western University   Host:     Ray Suarez   If you appreciate this episode and want to support the work we do, please consider making a donation to World Affairs. We cannot do this work without your help. Thank you.

In this episode, our guest if from the Sears Think[Box] at Case Western University, the largest open-access innovation center and makerspace in the United States. With design and ideation resources, prototyping and fabrication equipment, business and legal expertise and more, Sears think[box] is the ideal place to pursue your passions or even launch a startup. Learn more about Think[Box] here. Guest: Raymond "Ray" Krajci is the Operations Engineer for Sears think[box] at Case Western Reserve University. He worked at think[box] as a student, but he loved his job so much he's still there nearly ten years later. Ray treasures his experiences collaborating on electronic fashion, cardboard furniture, magnetic levitator tracks, tabletop games, Makerspace Podcast, human-centered design workshops, and other projects. Host: Daniel Da Costa, Spark Maker 2020- 2021 and John Paul Abah, Spark Maker 2018-2021 Sound Producer: Steven Sparkman, Spark Maker 2020- Producer- Judy Hunter, Spark Director

Guest host David Peck is joined by Dexter J. Voison, a former dean at U of T who does comparative work between gun crimes in the US and Canada who is currently a Dean at Case Western University in Cleveland. David and Dexter talk about the Liberal government's plan to ban the importation of handguns into Canada, if its a good deterrent against gun crimes, and how it will really benefit. Let's Get Talking

Less than a decade after graduating from Dartmouth, where she majored in sociology and played on the varsity softball and baseball club teams, Bianca Smith joined the Red Sox as a minor league coach—the first Black woman in history to reach that goal. But Smith refuses to see herself as a trailblazer, insisting that she's just doing what her parents, also Dartmouth grads, advised. "Find what you're passionate about, what makes you wake up in the morning," they told her. So, after earning a dual degree in law and sports management from Case Western University, Smith interned for the Texas Rangers, and ended up becoming a role model for other Black women aspiring to high-level sports jobs. "But this is just the tip of the iceberg," she tells host Jennifer Avellino '89. "I still feel I haven't done enough."     

Dr. Jenny King is a licensed social worker who focuses on trauma and is the co-director of the Center on Trauma at Case Western University in Cleveland. She is the mother of 3 and her and her husband unschool their children.  In this episode, we focus on stress and trauma and the importance of play ... more »

In this episode, you'll also hear:How avoiding her feelings caused what Charity calls an “emotional heart attack”The story of how Brittany reached out to Charity to ask for her mentorshipHow the process of facilitating a Bible study can help you grow alongside the group membersChallenges Brittany and Charity had to work through when writing their workbook, including self-doubt and wanting to do too muchCharity and Brittany's advice for moving forward even when you don't feel like it – without simply ignoring your feelingsBe sure to read all the way to the end for important links and information!Whether you're aware of it or not, your feelings play a key role in everything you do. Feelings can motivate us to take positive action and help us believe we can take on the world. But, on the other hand, feelings can keep us stuck in the same place, just spinning our wheels. The thing is, ignoring your feelings can be damaging both mentally and emotionally. But in spiritual circles, we often run into the challenge of what to do with our feelings – and how faith and feelings can work together. Charity Goodwin and Brittany Radford are both passionate about this topic. They contend that God gave us feelings for a reason, and so feelings should not be ignored. That's why Charity and Brittany put together resources to guide people through the process of learning how to manage feelings in a healthy way. By taking care of our emotional health, we are empowered to stay healthy in all aspects of our lives. So if you're looking for ways to become healthy and whole, you've got to start by exploring your feelings.Avoiding Your Feelings Doesn't Make Them Go AwayCharity's journey to understanding and embracing her emotions reached a turning point when she experienced what she calls an “emotional heart attack.” As a busy pastor serving two churches, a mom, and a wife, she had overloaded herself with busyness and stress, all while ignoring what her emotions were telling her. “I had been pushing all my emotions down, not really feeling any of them, seeking to be a ‘human doing' versus a human being,” she recalls. “And it caught up with me.” Avoiding her emotions didn't make them go away; instead, those emotions manifested in a panic attack with physical symptoms that were so strong, she called paramedics believing she might be about to die. Charity says the experience taught her the importance of naming one's emotions and properly dealing with them, rather than waiting for those physical symptoms to present themselves. But for many Christians, feelings – and what to do with them – aren't often talked about. As a result, many Christians believe it's wrong to feel certain emotions, or at least to entertain them. We're often taught to separate faith from emotion – especially negative emotions – and focus on being faithful instead. But, as Charity points out, “What it really means to be faithful is to honor all of who we are.” Only by naming and processing our complex emotions – positive, negative, and everything in between – can we become whole as God intends.Finding a Spiritual MentorLike Charity, Brittany also experienced a wake-up call to focus less on “doing” and more on being her authentic self. After going through a divorce, Brittany left her doctoral program and moved to St. Louis for a fresh start. There, she struggled to find a church where she felt welcomed as herself. “I was always a bit different. I'm colorful, I'm opinionated, and I didn't grow up in the church, so I didn't understand that there's certain ways that a black church operates and things you don't say or do. Whereas my mom told me if you have a question you ask it, no matter who it is.”Eventually, Brittany settled for watching church online. But when she saw an announcement about an upcoming speaker – Charity – she knew at once that this was someone different, someone she wanted to get close to. “I had been on this quest of trying to find a spiritual mentor that really appreciated their blackness. Who was authentic, real, and could relate to the black experience, which was mine,” Brittany explains. Charity fit the bill, so Brittany reached out to her over Zoom, offering to assist with her business as a means of opening the door of communication. Brittany sets a great example of persistence and confidence. Not only did she take initiative to reach out, but she was willing to keep asking if she received a “no.” And she also offered something of value rather than just expecting to receive. Maybe you, like Brittany, have found someone that you want to get close to. If so, look for ways that you can serve them and the mission that God has given them. Doing this will speak volumes on your behalf, because it shows that you are looking for a mutually beneficial relationship, not just looking for what you can take. Learning Through FacilitatingThrough the process of working together, Brittany started to realize that she'd been suppressing her own feelings and emotional baggage in favor of getting things done. That led her to work through Charity's devotional journal, GET UP: Unearthing Your Passion and Taking Brave Action in 50 Days. It wasn't long before Brittany decided she needed to invite other people to join her in the journey. So, with Charity's permission, Brittany started up a women's Bible study on Zoom, with Charity's book as the primary text. The book is a 50-day journey through the story of Tabitha's resurrection found in Acts 9. “It's kind of weird,” Brittany says, “because I was facilitating, but also going through the process. And so, through this entire journey, I feel like I've been having a resurrection within my own self.” While facilitating the study, Brittany added her own activities to help the women apply what they were learning. “She was really bringing in another way to embody what I had written,” Charity says. And watching her gave Charity an idea to take the book and its impact to another level. Together, they created a workbook to accompany the devotional as a facilitator's guide, using Brittany's ideas for activities and experiences to include. “While the book is mostly me, I like to believe that the facilitator guide is mostly her,” Charity explains. “I helped with some framing and some other things, but she's a genius in her own right. And it was just really exciting to see her creativity in line with what I had written, and to see this coming to life in a whole other way.”Books can be extremely powerful. But how many messages would be so much more impactful if there was a workbook with activities to help people create experiences together? Now, anyone can take this workbook and start up a study group, and the message God has given Charity and Brittany can keep popping up all over the world. Mentorship Facilitates Mutual GrowthOf course, the process of creating the workbook was not without its challenges. For Brittany, the greatest obstacles had to do with finding her unique voice and battling feelings of inadequacy. Having spent time in nonprofit academia, where she was accustomed to writing and communicating in very specific ways, Brittany felt stifled and boxed-in by her own writing style. Through the process of writing the workbook, Brittany was able to gain confidence and to believe that she had something valuable to contribute, but it wasn't easy. She recalls one day calling Charity in tears and urging her to find someone else to complete the book. Instead, Charity encouraged her to take some time, pay attention to her feelings, and let the Holy Spirit work.“In previous settings, like in grad school and stuff, people just told me to get through it and don't worry about it,” Brittany explains, “whereas she really helped me to feel those emotions, lean into that, and work through that over the course of us writing this book.” That's an important reminder – sometimes, when we're mired in doubt and feeling like we can't do what we've been called to do, what we really need is a little bit of guidance and the space to be human. Charity, on the other hand, says her biggest challenge was having a vision for the workbook that was too big for the time she'd allotted. With big plans for extra content – physical and electronic copies, video content to accompany each chapter, etc. – it came down to a choice between letting the project stall while they finished all of the extra pieces or just getting the workbook done and adding things like the video content later on. “If your vision, like mine, is super big and amazing and awesome, it's okay to do it in iterations,” Charity says. “Sometimes we need to just get it done in the most excellent way with what we have, knowing that we can continue to add and enhance.” That's part of what makes Charity and Brittany's relationship so special, because they were able to mutually grow and benefit through the experience, learning from the material itself and from each other along the way. Still a Work in ProgressThis journey that Charity and Brittany have taken is a great reminder to all of us that we're all still in process. God can both work on us and allow us to impact others at the same time, as long as we don't allow our imperfections to stop us from moving forward.If you're feeling discouraged or unsure of how to keep moving forward, Charity advises treating the practice of writing as a spiritual discipline. Much like spending time in prayer, writing is something that should be done daily and with intentionality. “There are people that are actually waiting on you,” Charity concludes. “There is someone who needs to hear your story from your lips… so that they can have their own deliverance and breakthroughs. And so knowing that someone is waiting on you, what can you do? For me, it's write every day.”Brittany adds that it's important to remind yourself that you are enough, and what you have to say is both valid and needed – even if your feelings tell you it's uncomfortable to put yourself out there. “If I can plant one seed, then I've done what God has called me to do,” Brittany says. “And so, thinking through all of that, if I trust the process, and that God knows that I'm enough, then I'm already halfway there. I've just got to continue to do it, even when I don't feel it.”When you are able to understand and engage your feelings, you're better equipped to work through them and recognize when they're telling you to take a step back and when you should push past them to do what God has called you to do.  BIO: CHARITY GOODWINWith 20 years in ministry, quick wit and practical wisdom, Rev. Charity Goodwin is a speaker on leadership as well as spiritual wholeness and emotional wellness. She's the Clayton Site Pastor at The Gathering in St. Louis, MO, which is her hometown. Charity strengthens her ministry with certifications in Emotional Intelligence from Six Seconds as well as the research of Dr. Brené Brown. Her first book GET UP: Unearthing your Passion and Taking Brave Action in 50 Days was released in March 2020. It's a devotional journal. GET CONNECTED WITH CHARITY:Website: www.charitygoodwin.comInstagram: www.instagram.com/charityspeakinglife/Facebook: www.facebook.com/charity.goodwin.stl BIO: BRITTANY RADFORDBrittany is a proud native of Cleveland, Ohio, and credits it as her starting point for enacting change. Growing up in the inner-city provided her with a distinct perspective and drive to work in the nonprofit sector. Her educational background includes a Bachelor of Arts in Sociology with an Ethnic Studies minor from Case Western University and a Master's of Science in Human Development and Family Sciences from Mississippi State University. Brittany's research focused on the relationship between faith, youth development, and racism in The United Methodist Church (UMC). Her research and community service have earned her awards including the SECFR Outstanding Paper Presentation, a Racial Reconciliation Grant, Starkville's' Rising Stars Under 35, and the Mississippi State's 2018 Graduate Student Diversity Award.Brittany's professional background includes over 10 years of academic advising, community engagement, data analysis, program development/implementation, project and grant management, and volunteer development to build sustainable initiatives to effectively support underserved populations. Recently, Brittany decided to leave the traditional non-profit sector and join the Gathering UMC staff as the McCausland Site Director. In this role, she has the opportunity to walk alongside others on their faith journey. This fall, she will begin her Master's of Divinity at Eden Theological Seminary with the intent of becoming an ordained UMC pastor. GET CONNECTED WITH BRITTANY:Website: www.bradicoal.comIG: www.instagram.com/bradicoal/  

Jody McVittie, MD, is the co-founder and now the Strategic Advisor for Sound Discipline, a non-profit working with schools, youth programs and parenting educators to teach tools to foster dignity, respect and equity in our communities. She received her medical degree from Case Western University and completed a family medicine residency and fellowship before returning to the shifting her focus to broader community issues that impact health outcomes including parenting, education, trauma, and the impact of intra-family violence.   Self-regulation cards (either purchase or download) https://www.sounddiscipline.org/self-regulation-tool-cards/ Library of tips and tools: https://www.sounddiscipline.org/category/tips-tools/ Twitter: @SoundDiscipline FB: https://www.facebook.com/sounddiscipline

How Peripheral Nerve Stimulation Controls Chronic Pain, With Dr Tim Feldheim On today's episode, Dr. Danko and Dr. Feldheim discuss the rapidly growing and emerging therapy in chronic pain, peripheral nerve stimulation. Dr. Felheim completed his training at The University of Florida and a fellowship at Case Western University. At The Premier Pain Institute they have had positive experiences with peripheral nerve stimulation that they are sharing with the listeners. Tune in for the details!   Episode Highlights: Dr. Feldheim explains who peripheral nerve stimulation is good for. They most commonly see peripheral neuropathy characterized by inflammation of the nerves in the lower extremities but can affect the upper; it is usually accompanied by intense burning, numbness, tingling like feeling. What is Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy (RSD)? Lumbar radiculitis is an extremely common cause of a diseased nerve pain state, a lot of people know this as sciatica. Dr. Feldheim reviews the list of other conditions that cause peripheral nerve pain and damage. Neuropathic pain can be caused by crushing of nerves, lacerations due to trauma or injury, surgical insults, stress injury, small fiber neuropathy and phantom limb pain post  amputation. What are the current treatments for peripheral nerve stimulation? Dr. Feldheim reviews the medications that are commonly prescribed as well as topical treatments and therapeutic modalities that may help. What is peripheral nerve stimulation? It does not include FieldSTEM. At PPT, one of their most common is the shoulder, they target the suprascapular nerve.  Peripheral nerve stimulation is a very safe and effective option. If you are very active,  need routine MRI, or for those who have not had success with spinal cord stimulation, this can have great benefits. Dr. Danko explains how there is a trial with peripheral nerve stimulation and why that is both exciting and important. Multiple imaging modalities can be used to target the nerves. Dr. Danko explains the setup of the devices and how they work.  A team of specialists work with the STIMwave technologies on insurance and things of that nature. Dr. Danko asks Dr. Feldheim to share other conditions that he has seen in regards to peripheral nerve stimulation. Are these procedures done in the office or the operating room? How long does the trial last?  Dr. Feldheim explains which patients would be best served with spinal cord stimulation and peripheral nerve stimulation. What about knee replacement issues?  Needing a battery versus not needing a battery: what are the pros and cons? Dr. Danko explains. How does stimulation compare to the TENS unit?  How long does the procedure take and what is the recovery period?   3 Key Points: There are many conditions that can cause issues in peripheral nerves. Dr. Danko and Dr. Feldheim are explaining the common causes and current treatments for this type of pain. The wearable device used for peripheral nerve stimulation is very durable and effective offering freedom to do daily activities and have better quality of life. What is the difference between spinal cord stimulation and peripheral nerve stimulation and what are indicators for one treatment over the other?    Resources Mentioned: https://premierpaintreatment.com/ https://www.facebook.com/PremierPainTreatment/ 513-454-7246 

A big word here at the Institute for Jewish Spirituality and Society is “interconnectedness”—we're curious about the manner in which different aspects of society interact with each other, and how understanding these connected aspects can help us better approach society as a whole. In this conversation, we're joined by three preeminent thinkers from a diverse range of fields for a discussion entitled “Developing an Interconnected Society.” Shelly Christensen works at the intersection of Jewish advocacy and disability rights activism, having founded the nonprofit Inclusion Innovations to help combate disability exclusion. Peter Whitehouse is a professor of neurology at Case Western University and an expert in psychology and bioethics. Finally, Paul Wason serves as senior director of culture and global perspectives at the John Templeton foundation following a distinguished administrative career at Bates College, Maine. These three speakers are joined today to offer us insight into the ways in which the greatest problems facing society today may at their essence all be related, and what we can do to confront these issues holistically. Please enjoy.

A big problem for most prosthetics is they don’t send sensory information back to the brain. Until now. Dr. Ranu Jung and her team at Florida International University (FIU) have developed a device that restores the sense of touch and hand grasp when someone is using their prosthetic hands. This technology could eventually be applied to other non-functioning parts of the body. A finalist for the 2020 Cade Prize for Innovation, Dr. Jung is head of the Biomedical Engineering Department at FIU, and the holder of multiple patents. Dr. Jung, who immigrated to the U.S. from India in 1983, credits the “can-do” spirit of her parents for her persistence and sense of discovery. *This episode is a re-release.* TRANSCRIPT: Intro (00:01): Inventors and their inventions. Welcome to Radio Cade the podcast from The Cade Museum for Creativity and Invention in Gainesville, Florida. The museum is named after James Robert Cade, who invented Gatorade in 1965. My name is Richard Miles. We’ll introduce you to inventors and the things that motivate them. We’ll learn about their personal stories, how their inventions work and how their ideas get from the laboratory to the marketplace. Richard Miles (00:40): A neural enabled prosthesis. That is a hand that actually feels like a hand for people who have lost them. Welcome to Radio Cade, I’m your host Richard Miles. Today I’ll be talking to Dr. Ranu Jung professor and chair of the biomedical engineering department at Florida International University. The holder of multiple patents and a finalist for this year’s Cade Prize for Innovation. Congratulations and welcome to Radio Cade, Dr. Jung. Dr. Ranu Jung (01:04): Thank you, Richard, for giving me this opportunity to be on Radio Cade. I’m excited about talking to you. Richard Miles (01:10): So Ranu, if it’s okay. If I call you Ranu, you’ve been at Florida International University for about 10 years now, but you’ve also spent time at Arizona State University, University of Kentucky and Case Western University in Cleveland. But you started life in New Delhi, India and came to the United States in 1983. So the first thing I’d like to ask, you’ve had a very illustrious career in academia, but I’m very curious about what was your first impression of the United States? What did you think when you stepped off the plane, were you excited to, do you think you’d made a really big mistake? Dr. Ranu Jung (01:42): That’s a long time ago, but I was excited because I was going to be able to follow a dream and I had come specifically to follow biomedical engineering. So I came into New York and I actually drove with a family friend from New York to Cleveland. And so what a way to get welcomed to the United States going across the whole of the East coast to the Midwest. It was just absolutely, absolutely fantastic. The whole, the whole beginning, as, as I recollect, it’s been a long time ago now. And the other thing in Cleveland was the welcoming nature of us Americans, because another graduate student who was starting in the program had already reached out to me and sent a letter to me saying, would you be interested in being my roommate? So I was really looking forward to meet Ruth tan Bracey who was going to be this new roommate for me. So it was a very, very exciting trip. Richard Miles (02:35): That’s a great experience. And you probably know this by now, but that is exact route. A lot of early settlers took as we sort of open up the frontier is going from New York through Ohio and further. And that was the frontier at the time. So what a great way to get introduced to the United States? Dr. Ranu Jung (02:50): Absolutely. Richard Miles (02:51): Let’s talk about your current work and this is what you are in the finalist for the Cade Prize for Innovation, but it’s obviously you’ve been doing this for awhile and I understand it correctly. You and your team at FIU, Florida International University have developed a prosthetic hand that can actually transmit neural signals to the brain so that a person without a hand can actually feel and control the prosthetic far better than a normal one. That sounds really complicated to me. I don’t know if I described it correctly, but tell us how it works and how did you come up with the idea? Dr. Ranu Jung (03:20): Yeah. So think about when you touch something, right? You’re, you’re what you feel, or you’ve touched somebody’s face. How do you feel about it? Or you grasp something you don’t really think about it much, right? You just pick up and you automatically know it’s hard, it’s soft, you don’t crush it. And if you touch somebody, you have all the sensations associated with it. Now, if somebody loses their hand for many reasons, often it’s because of trauma. Then what are their choices? The choices for them are to get a prosthetic hand. And currently there are prosthetic hands that are available, to, what we call upper limb amputees. Who have lost their hand, that the person can already control. So the way it works is that when we use our own hand, the muscles in our forearms contract and relax, and when they contract and relax, your hand opens or closes, or your fingers will open and close into the whole mechanism that happens. When you have an amputation, the muscles that are above the level of the amputation, that person can still control them. So if you can record the activity of those muscles and that is done with electrodes that are placed on the skin, one of the examples that’s the most common is like an EKG system, right? So putting the sensor is on there, those signals are picked up and they can be used to drive motors in the prosthetic hand. This is commercially available and there are different levels of prosthetic hands that are available that are simple to close, or there may be now new better prosthetic hands. So there are many that are available like that, but what is missing is how do you get sensation back. So there has been some attempt of saying, let’s take some information back and put a vibratory signal on this pin. So there’s approaches like that, that have been done. But what we went about saying is how could we give a better sensorial experience that would interface this information when somebody is touching something or grasping? So basically what our system is, it’s not designing the prosthetic hand. It is designing this whole interface with the nervous system to restore, hopefully this whole sensory experience. So in this case, what we have done is we have said, all right, let’s look at the prosthetic hand. If the prosthetic hand had sensors in it, can we tap into the sensory information? We process this sensor information to make sense of what is coming out from different parts of the sensors. And then we take that information and pass it on as commands through a wireless link, to a small neurostimulator that is implanted under the skin in the upper arm of the amputee. So what do I mean by a wireless link? You know, when you listen to the radio, there is somewhere a radio station that is sending out radio waves. So there’s a transmitting and an antenna and in your radio, and you’re now in your phone, there is some kind of receiving antenna. So these radio waves are going back, taking the information and passing it from the transmitting system, long distance into this antenna embedded inside some radio or a device, and it’s picking it up and it’s being coded. And you do hear the sound now, step into our system. You’re not sending radio waves all along very far distance, but we have a transmitting antenna that’s connected to the outside of the skin. And that’s what is connected to a little box that is inside the prosthetic, where all the processing has happened. And the receiving antenna is right underneath the skin below. There are no wires going back and forth. So it’s a wireless connection. Now this receiving antenna is connected to a neurostimulator. What’s a neurostimulator is like a pacemaker, but now your similator is connected to very, very fine wires like human hair. And these fine wires are threaded through the nerves in the upper arm. So again, reminding you, it’s an amputee who has a forearm that is gone, the hand is gone. They can control their muscles in the leftover arm, open and close the prosthesis as they close, the prosthesis back and forth. Signals are going to come back in. We are going to process them. We you’re going to communicate those through this wireless link to the implanted antenna. And that implanted antenna connected to a stimulator connected to fine wires inside nerves. So we give little charges of electrical pulses. When these pulses are delivered, the nerves get activated more precisely the nerve fibers that are inside the nerves get activated. And these nerve fibers would have originally carried sensor information from your hand or some of the nerve fibers are going the other way and are controlling the muscles. So when these nerve fibers get activated, then now this biological neural signal goes into the spinal cord and from the spinal cord to the brain and right there in the brain, there is where a person perceives. So the whole point here is, as we do a task, as you reach out, as you touched something with your prosthetic hand, you hold it, you squeeze something, but you’re not looking at it and your eyes are closed. Or maybe you can’t even hear it. You get a sense of touch or you understand what you’re grasping and how strong you are grasping it. So with this ability, we can do this. It might even embody that prosthetic hand into the person’s body. And if that happens, then perhaps this will become really much more a part of the person with the sensory loop factor. They may improve their control and that’s one aspect, but the richer sensorial experience may also embody the prosthetic hand better. And that might make people use the prosthetic hands more. And that has many other benefits. For example, they may be compensating with their other hand to do things, but now they may use this prosthetic hand, for example, or a plastic bottle with water in it. If you don’t know how much you’re squeezing out the water. So usually you would not use that prosthetic hand to do it. You’ll use your other hand. You would use compensatory methods. So our system is to restore the sensation through this neural interface. Richard Miles (09:23): That’s a great explanation. And this happens to me every year when we run the Cade Prize. I read the application. I think I understand the technology, but it’s not until talking to the inventor that I finally understand what the real breakthrough is, because it sounds like, as you said, the current state of the art is essentially one way communication only, right? You’re sending to the hand, the hand can open, close and so on, but it’s that feedback loop that is missing. And because there’s no feedback loop, you have somebody who doesn’t really feel like this is a part of them and not really delivering what they want it to and they end up not using it. Dr. Ranu Jung (09:56): Yeah. So we are really closing the loop. There is some feedback, obviously, if you have models in the system and people are very adapt, we are very, very good at doing things and they learn how much I open and close my hand. So they have learned a lot of that aspect they have learned. So it’s not like there is zero feedback and vision is a huge feedback. So if you’re looking at things that you can do a lot of stuff just by looking at it and seeing how much repetitive training you can do that, but it’s paying attention, not having to second guess yourself. It is having the confidence to reach out to things. All of those things are not there when the loop is not closed. Richard Miles (10:34): So a couple of questions come to mind, would this, in theory, at least as you develop the technology and improve, it, would it enable people who’ve lost a hand for instance, to engage in finer motor skills because they have the feedback or does that not really make a difference? Dr. Ranu Jung (10:47): Well, we hope that that is going to make a difference to be able to do finer motor skills. There’ll be many things to take into account how dextrous is the prosthetic camp. That will be one of the things, but that’s the technology that then, and that’s part of the scientific question. What is that information? That one can process when it’s coming from this effectively, to some extent an artificial sensor system, right? Do we really need a lot, or do we only need a few things about the cochlear system for hearing, right? They’re not people who have lost hearing. It’s not like every single sound and every single nerve is being stimulated, but they are interpreting sound. They are reading music. It is become part of the life. When you read, you don’t read each letter, you read words, you fill the gap, you put the whole thing together. We don’t know how many gaps you could effectively have in the sensor information and the person we are fantastic brains. So what we will do to put all of that together, but yes, it might help us with finer motor control. It might also help with things like picking up lighter weight objects. If it’s a heavy thing, something heavy, you are picking up, you know, rest of your arm is going to feel heavy and you will get information back. But what if people are picking up small things, like a towel at home, and you are pulling it, folding that light towel and pulling it. Yeah. The person would contract their muscles really hard and squeeze it really hard and pull it. But if they have the courage, they will know I already touched it. I already have it. I don’t have to squeeze. My muscles really had to clamp system. So over time fatigue, short term to make a difference. Long term use will impact the muscles. So all of these will be questions to ask. So you need the system first, you need the technology first. And then you can start to ask these questions and start to ask just pure science questions. How does our brain interpret information? What happens when you have, for a long time use of compensatory strategies, things have changed in the brain, perhaps. How do you pull all of this stuff together? So it opens up Pandora’s box. Richard Miles (12:48): I imagine, as soon as you solve one question, it just raises probably five more questions. In theory, could this also be applied to feet into legs? Or is there something about this technology that lends itself only to doing hands Dr. Ranu Jung (13:00): You are absolutely right. This can be extended to many different levels. So right now our indication is for somebody who has lost their forearm and their hand, but you wouldn’t think of it first portions of the upper arm, right? Then you can think about it as people who have lost their lower limbs. Actually what we have, what our technology is, is really think. We can take a signal and based on the signals, we can do targeted, focused stimulation inside the nerves. That’s what the technology is. This application is sensor information to go to our nerves that are going to communicate with the brain to give some information for prosthetic hand, but that’s not necessarily the only application. So in the very long run, you could think about saying, Oh, I’m going to stimulate another nerve. That’s a control system, right? And now are based on a signal that I’m going to get that says, there’s a problem with the stomach or the spleen. For example, in the diabetes situation, I will use that signal to stimulate those nerves because we are inside the nerve. We can do very focused stimulation. And so maybe that would be the application that is going to be the killer application. So to speak that you can do a very targeted stimulation of nerves going to organs within the body that would move us into the bioelectronic medicine, right? So pure thinking comes up at the bigger expanse in which the system could work. There are many pathways could be there, but our first application, our focus right now is to restore sensation to people who have lost their hands. Richard Miles (14:36): That’s really exciting. That would be huge. If that could be developed for other areas of the body. This targeted neurostimulation. Tell us where you are in terms of testing. I know that in the case of the hand, the prosthetic, you want to test this sort of in as much of a real world environment as possible. Tell how that’s going. And then what sort of path to market does it look like for you? Are we talking about years away from something that could be widely available for amputees? Or is this something that we’re going to see fairly soon? Dr. Ranu Jung (15:03): So this is what is called a class, it would fall under, what’s called a class three medical device. It’s because of the implanted neurostimulator that that is there. So the first step that we had to do was to go to the FDA to get approval for what is called an investigational device exemption in order to be able to run a clinical trial. So we did that. Not many academic labs will take technology such as this all the way through the pathway, to the FDA while companies often do it. And of course, large companies are doing the Medtronic and Boston Scientific is doing this all the time, but it’s not usual for an academic lab to have taken it from the scratch, something to the FDA. So we got the investigational device exemption. And so now we are in the process of running a feasibility clinical trial. And what that means is that we will be doing a small sample size of people who have a translatable amputation at first. And putting them through use of the system the way we have it. This is a longterm take home study. So you would do things for about three months in the lab. So after you get the implant, you would come into the lab, it’s a person I speak to you. So we would make sure you’re fit. And of course we want to collect additional data about how you are doing control of things. You will find some for a large, bigger control. Can you close your eyes and say it’s soft or hard or big or small things like that? What do you feel like when you open zip things up or squeeze water bottles? So we do that in the lab and then after three months, the person will take it home and then they will come back for the next three months, a little more often. And then they’ll come back for some data collection in the lab for up to two years. So we want to collect the data, but the system is then there’s to keep. You know, the implant is hopefully the way we have designed it, it’s for life. So the internal part doesn’t change. There’s no battery inside. So you don’t have to undergo another surgery to replace depleted batteries, all the powers with both from outside. And as we’re coming up with new algorithms outside, we have smarter prosthetic hands that may come in place. Then the outside can all be upgrade. So that’s also a throught through modular design aspect of it. So we are currently in this clinical trial. One person has completed 28 months of use more than 24 at home. And we are currently recruiting people. Once we recruit these people for one site, we also have received funding from the Army to move it to a second site, which would be the Walter Reed National Military Medical Center. We have to go back to their VA and we’ll back to the IRB to get approvals for increasing the number of people in the disability file and for the second site. And in case we will also try to see approvals for somebody who has amputations on both sides of bilateral amputee. We believe that this sensory feedback step is going to be really much more important for people who have lost both hands, even more so than somebody who has lost one of them. So once that happens, then we can go to the next step. We have just been accepted, absolutely delighted that we have just been accepted by the NIH in a program, which is called clinic to commercialization CPI program. And that program, our team was just accepted into that part. And that will take us for about 24 months to put a whole business framework in place. So we are expecting that by next year, we will have transcends, we have ideas of how we are thinking about our business framework, but we would start to strengthen that and we’ll start putting that in place. And while the feasibility trial is going on, and of course the feasibility trial has to go well for all of that to put it together. And so probably the first place we would have people in the Army, that’s where we would probably look to think the first deployment, but the clinical trial is funded by the National Institutes of Health and then new, additional monies from the US Army. So it would be open to all the civilians and it will be opened later to also people through the world to reach. So in a few years, we hope that this is going to be getting ready to be real commercialized. Richard Miles (19:17): So Ranu, I have to ask you, how do you spend your average day? Cause what you just listed in terms of your, to do list, I think would require about five or six people. So I’m guessing you’re not the one that’s doing all of this. You have people around you helping you, giving you advice. What do you focus on? Are you continuing to do a line share of the actual research? Or are you thinking about how do we actually get this into the hands of the people that need it? Dr. Ranu Jung (19:40): This is a partnership, as you said, this is not a one person job. This is a partnership. It’s an epidemic in this preclinical partnership. A lot of it has been so far in academia. I have the best team I can talk about. It is a long term partnership. It’s not two years. One year, three years. It’s about 10 years or more. I was talking to James Abbas at Arizona State who has been from the initial concept is research scientists who came same time. I came here, who used to be here. He was my doctoral student, but decided to become an engineer. And then now he’s actually going back to do his PhD another one, my old, old grad students have come back as well. I recently graduated grad student who works on the project is spending doing a post doc and is actually taking this commercialization pathway for what it’s a team. So what do I do in this team? Because we have cross-training so it’s not one person for one thing, but we do the regulatory work in high school. The implant was done right here in Miami, by doctor Aaron Burglar from the Nicholas Children’s Hospital. And obviously we have industry partners to make the implants. If we can make them think of like the computer manufacturers who have to buy things from different places, right. We can tell them the design, but it has to be somebody who can make medical products to be able to put an implant in there. And bof course we partnered with prosthetic manufacturers for making the prosthetic hand. So what do I do? I am like the orchestra manager for all of it, but I am officially the sponsor of the trial and the principal investigator of the trial. So I take the responsibility for all of that, all of the negotiations, the legal negotiations and all of that part. I discuss those, all the FDA submissions. I will read them and I will update them and I will review them, but I’m not writing from scratch. And it’s over years that has happened. I’m also not writing the program level details. The research scientists are doing, we will discuss, this is what we need to do. This is what we need support, but they are the ones writing the framework and putting all of that code in there. So to speak, what algorithms, what should they capture? So you can think of it as I’m putting the book in place, the chapter organization in place. But the exact words of how you are going to put in that paragraph are written by the engineers and scientists and graduate students that are involved and undergraduate students are involved, Richard Miles (22:03): Ranu, one of the questions we asked normally if inventors and entrepreneurs and we’re fascinated by it at the Cade Museum is well, what was the inspiration behind their story? And you’ve said that you were inspired by your parents and their can do spirit. Your father was a metallurgical engineer. Your mother was a school teacher taught English in India. How did they influence your decision to go into engineering? Dr. Ranu Jung (22:23): Not in a direct manner to say you should go into engineering because they themselves were doing what they wanted to do. They were pursuing new things. So right from early childhood, it was, you can do whatever you want to do. So it wasn’t that, Oh, you should do this or you should do that. So I think them taking that risk, and as I mentioned earlier to you, this was post India independence and a new industrialization happening to be coming in place. So my father who is going to be close to 19 and one of the first engineers and they were all doing this every day and you watch them do it. So you saw him come back and say, we broke this record of the blast furnaces. We melted this much iron ore today. So you saw that kind of atmosphere, you know, this allowed you to think and say, Oh yeah, what could I do? What would I want to do? And so that was the inspiration. And it was an interesting time to be in India. At that time in Indira Gandhi was the prime minister. I still remember going to a rally and listening to this woman, giving a speech. And I think that whole ecosystem was encouraging the children to dream and no boundaries that you need to stay here. You need to stay with the family. So they left their parents and their families to go to this new city and build that up. And for their children, they said, you have the world. You can go wherever you want to go to a very special time in history and a special city be raised in with a group of young entrepreneurial parents we were like a cohort, but then that’s what it was. You know, Richard Miles (23:52): What I find fascinating too is I know is that you actually consider going into medicine instead of engineering, and then you chose engineering, but now sort of the peak of your career, you’re in bioengineering, right? And ultimately you’ve got to have both things you wanted. Dr. Ranu Jung (24:04): And I have to say, undergraduate students going into research lab, they really should explore. And that’s how I found out about that. There is a potential possibility. There was a professor who had a lab called problem oriented research lab. And he had actually just spent maybe a semester in the US I don’t know exactly how long and come back. And he started this lab where they would bring medical instrumentation for an electronic blood pressure cuff. Oh, I could have a combination of all this electronic stuff. My major was electronics and communications and things. I could have been doing radar. And instead I said, Oh, there’s a place I could combine it. But there was nothing in biomedical engineering in India. I even interviewed to sell x-ray machines for a company, so I could get into the medical field, but then getting this opportunity to do grad school at Case Western it really, really a fantastic graduate program. That was the opportunity that helped me solidify my passion and this, I found a place that would be good. Richard Miles (25:03): I asked you earlier about what would your advice be to other researchers and entrepreneurs? And you wrote that one piece of advice would be don’t cross out ideas too fast because ideas are too early. So why don’t we explore that a little bit? How do you keep a good idea alive? Let’s say as a researcher, for which there may not be funding right away, or there may not be a commercial application right away, but you know, it’s a good idea. How do you keep those going? Dr. Ranu Jung (25:28): So let me tell you this idea of interfacing with the nervous system and think of it as out what we call a bio hybrid system, a bionic system, and this together, this idea of pulling this together and interfacing was way back when I was just graduated from my postdoc. And I worked with a professor named Davis Cohain and we were studying lamprey eels. They are like eels. And we looked at the spinal cord and how the spinal cord works and what helps to do the movement and was like, what if we could do a combination of a electronic circuit that mimics part of the spinal cord and interface it with this, I could do the simulations. I could do the experimental prep. I could not make the actual chip hardware, because that was not my background. I went to a summer course. I learned about it. And I came back and said, I gotta find it. Electrical engineering friend who is faculty member who will be willing to put this into hardware, found one practice with her for a few years. She went and did the course came back and we actually then put it into a physical thing. And we interfaced it with this grant. We’ve got a grant from NIH, which was called the a21. A futuristic grant to say, we can take an electronic chip and you’re hearing the word neuro morphic. Now this is now in there talking about in early 1990s, pick up the spinal cord from the lamprey. You can put it into a fluid bag and you can maintain it. And the spinal cord will be activated. We then connected it to this chip and close the loop. And we could show that the electronic chip and the spinal cord activity can go next to each other. I had a very tough time position that who would ever interface these pains, but the living system, what a crazy idea. Okay. So we got into a journal. I was thinking, this should go into science. It never did, but we did get there 10, 15 years later, somebody in the Army saw this paper. This was in the Iraq war. So I founded a small company because who needed a company for this. And we got funding where we basically said, if you’re focused injured, you will be stabilized in a false boot underneath it. We will put a small fall spot this spot would we be controlled with a circuit? Hey, what was that stuff like? The spinal cord circuits that we had done way back there. And this spinal cord circuit will be driven by sensors that pick up when the person starts to move. So if your upper leg is okay, as you start to move, there is make movement that will drive that file for circuit, that electronics that moves the food, that is the boot. And so the person can stick their foot into the stabilized park, the false foot, and you can wear this boot and you could walk out of there. And we actually demonstrated that on a person in the lab. So what forward even further, a few years, and this happened around the same time as I got funding for this neural interface thing to me. So I’m thinking all of this and saying, how are we combining electronic interfaces? So it has changed pace, but I idea has moved that you can link artificial systems with living systems and close the loop so that you’ve got, this merger, this bio hybrid system, where one is impacting the other, where will we go. Will we have adaptive engineered systems because our engineered systems that’s feeling not adapted enough. Where will it go? I think they will. Now you’d hear about neuromorphic word. Major companies are doing it, everybody’s doing it. So who knows where this is going to go? Where will this organic inorganic link happen? I’m talking about early 1990s. And we were the first people to show that you can interface an electronic circuit in a living spinal cord. It isn’t a bat. It’s not in the person walking or animal walking per se, but it was a living system. And today we are looking at saying, how can we interface? What are we doing with interfacing in electronic system with a real person and putting them into this room and hoping that this is going to actually improve their whole self, their ability to do different tasks. But most importantly to have is some [inaudible]. Richard Miles (29:35): I’m pretty sure I never heard the term neuromorphic until probably 2012, 2013, right around there. And I’d never heard of the term before. I thought it was brand new. I had no idea. It had been around since early nineties. Dr. Ranu Jung (29:47): Our paper is published with saying your morphic army grant is neuromorphic something. So it was way in the infancy of when that stuff was being talked about. Carver Mead from Caltech had been talking about it. I was very, very fortunate to have is Cohen and worked with her. I met her at the summer course at Woods Hole, Massachusetts on competition neuroscience. You never know where it can get you. So my PhD advisor, Peter Catona who I call him my academic father, who always gave me this type of saying, explore, explore. There was no idea, too crazy to be taken up. There was not this whole, we don’t do this, or you can’t do this. Richard Miles (30:25): Ranu, clearly our judges have done a great job in advancing you to our finals this year. I’m very excited to learn about what you’re doing. I hope it succeeds. I hope we can have you back at some point on the show to talk about updates. Again, want to congratulate you on making finals, but also just more broadly on the work that you have done currently at Florida International University, really enjoyed talking to you. So thank you for coming on the show today. Dr. Ranu Jung (30:46): Thank you Richard look forward to returning. Outro (30:49): Radio Cade is produced by the Cade Museum for Creativity and Invention located in Gainesville, Florida. Richard Miles is the podcast host and Ellie Thom coordinates, inventor interviews, podcasts are recorded at Heartwood Soundstage, and edited and mixed by Bob McPeak. The Radio Cade theme song was produced and performed by Tracy Collins and features violinist Jacob Lawson.

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