Podcasts about lipopolysaccharide

 This report will shock you… I have done my research. I looked videos for 3 hours (see links at the end) from the best sources, most the things are sciences proved. Except, I add the wisdom of the Chinese medical system to complete my research. A.) Finally, it is proved that our guts are the second brain in our body….B.) We gain leaky guts through Western Food or nonvegetarian unhealthy food. And through the leaky guts, we can get: 1.) Anxiety2.) Depression3.) Autism4.) Dementia5.) And our brain will be damaged over a long time…. Gut-brain connection part 2C.) Love heals our guts and reduces our stress.D.) Gluten-free diet.E.) No snacks!!!F.) Probiotic and Healthy Lactic acid (bacteria).G.) The legendary dangerous Candida fungus.H.) No alcohol.I.) How to produce the most healthy yogurt with the best bacteria?A.) Our gut work independent from our brain…Our gut is controlling our complete digestion, this means liver, stomach, gallbladder, and pancreas.In our gut, we have 100 of sensors, and they report to our brain…When we eat drugs, our gut tells that our brain… or get influenced … And even our fast food can cause depression.The toxic in our gut influences our thinking and feelings.Autism, anxiety, and depressive behaviors can come from unhealthy bacteria in our gut.Any drug/medicaments can have a negative influence on our feelings and thoughts through our gut-brain connection…Our fears can trigger our bowels to release our excrete…If we over-analyze, then we get constipation and can't excrete… Stress shut up our small intestines, and so our digestion will not work correctly. Proverb:Trust your gut feelings…If we get some sensations/ vibrations in our guts, we can check if this is related to things that we desire… Our guts are related to the subconsciousness and super-consciousness (intuition)…For Asian are the bowels a second brain.- We should think more with our gut instead to analyze with our mind.For the Tao or Qigong, the guts are the battery that we can charge with energy. And if we do so, we have much more power and focus on the things that we want. With our gut, we can heal our body;- if we apply for instance Qigong.B.) Leaky GutIn our colon, we have healthy and unhealthy bacteria and organism. Through unhealthy food and Stress, we kill the healthy bacteria and increase the harmful bacteria and organism in our gut.If we would eat a vegetarian diet based on :1.) Fruits and vegetable,2.) non-gluten, (I explain later)3.) no white sugar, 4.) and low fat. 5.)The best are: Broccoli sprouts kills these ((H-Pylori or Lipopolysaccharide, I explain later). Or mother breast milk.We could even heal leaky gut and kill the dangerous organism and bacteria in our gut with this healthy diet.When we eat unhealthy food like : 1.) Corn syrup.2.) White sugar.3.) Fructose syrup.4.) Peanut butter.5.) Meat, fish, poultry.6.) Industrially processed food.7.) Fast food.8.) An average Western food based on high fat, low fiber increase to 71% the chance of leaky gut.We will get leaky guts over the time through this food.Leaky guts are caused when the lining of the small intestine becomes damaged by unhealthy organism and bacteria. Through leaky gut undigested food particles, toxic waste products, unhealthy bacteria, and organism to "leak" through the intestines and flood the bloodstream.Over the blood, the unhealthy bacteria and organism reach our brain and damage or influence it. In our brain, we have a Blood Barrier that protects the brain from unhealthy bacteria and organism. If the harmful organism (H-Pylori or Lipopolysaccharide) from the Colon/stomach go in the blood and break the Blood Barrier of the brain (Protection of the brain against unhealthy bacteria), the harmful bacteria can enter the brain and damage it.25% of Americans are suffering from mental disorder/diseases like depression, anxiety Autisms…36% of autism have leaky guts, Through the leaky gut, we can get:1.) Anxiety.2.) Depressive symptoms.3.) Cognitive deficits.4.) And in the end, our brain gets damaged.It is easy to see that this fits many old people…MicrobiomeFor instance, a baby got antibiotic for an ear inflammation and afterward showing signs of autisms. Again they gave the baby antibiotics, and the autism disappeared… After the first treatment of antibiotic, unhealthy bacteria came in the Colon and changed the behavior of the baby… And today, it is proved if we inject in a rat specific harmful bacteria, the rat gets depression,…Our gut produces also the vitamin B12.Stress is the worst!Through stress, the small intestines are shutting down and can't function properly to absorb the nutrition and to produce vitamin B12. Even more under stress the unhealthy bacteria and organism increase. If we eat a wide variety of anything, our digest system gets confused, and so the small intestines can't work correctly….Eat simple dishes and don't look for a variety. The stomach also has very much influence on the healthy gut flora… The acid of the stomach should be PH2.If our stomach is over PH2 (less acid), it can't kill most of all unhealthy bacteria and organism… When you reduce with soda the acid of the stomach, the unhealthy bacteria and organism like H-Pylori can enter the small intestines and can go so in the blood. My Video: Gut-brain connection part 1 https://youtu.be/kzSqBzwIarMMy Audio: https://divinesuccess.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/Podcast.B/Gut-brain-connection-part-2.mp3

This week we're literally spicing it up by digging into clove! This one is heavy on history and science, so if you like those episodes you'll want to tune in! Looking for more Rooted Content? ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Check out our corner of the internet⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠! You'll find our transcripts, show notes, and so much more. Sources:  https://www.solidagoherbschool.com/blog/2020/12/4/pzlyjvnquk2dpmjstxeg5mr7g98mr8 https://www.flyingthehedge.com/2019/12/magical-uses-of-cloves.html https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/natural/251.html#:~:text=Its%20dried%20flower%20buds%20are,decrease%20pain%20and%20fight%20infections. https://unitproj.library.ucla.edu/biomed/spice/index.cfm?displayID=7 https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3819475/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myrtaceae https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clove https://www.thespruce.com/growing-clove-trees-5089231#:~:text=The%20clove%20tree%20trunk%20is,a%20variety%20of%20other%20products. https://www.solidagoherbschool.com/blog/2020/12/4/pzlyjvnquk2dpmjstxeg5mr7g98mr8#:~:text=Clove%20is%20thought%20to%20be,vibrations%2C%20and%20purify%20an%20area. https://www.nationalgeographic.com/history/article/ancient-origins-of-catholic-exorcism https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%C5%A1ipu https://search.worldcat.org/title/70876264 https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/eugenol#:~:text=Eugenol%20is%20a%20volatile%2C%20colorless,Myrtaceae). https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7072209/#:~:text=Clove%20exerted%20anti%2Dinflammatory%20and,to%20the%20active%20compound%2C%20eugenol. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7227856/ https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/neuroscience/lipopolysaccharide#:~:text=Lipopolysaccharide%20(LPS)%20is%20a%20component,pain%20behaviors%20and%20circulatory%20dysfunction. *Disclaimer- This content is for entertainment purposes only. I am just a lady who likes plants, which in no way qualifies me to give you advice on well...anything, really. As always, please consult with your medical care team before making any changes to your diet or medications. *

It's an absolute delight to welcome Martha Carlin back for her third appearance on the show today! Martha Carlin is a “Citizen Scientist,” systems thinker, wife of Parkinson's warrior John Carlin, and founder of The BioCollective, a microbiome company expanding the reach of science and BiotiQuest, the first of its kind probiotic line. In this episode, we engage in an in-depth conversation about the critical role of the gut microbiome in metabolic health and overall well-being. Martha explains that the gut microbiome is fundamental to metabolic health, with significant shifts in the microbiome influencing metabolism, particularly insulin sensitivity.  Tune in as Martha emphasizes that while indigenous populations show greater microbial diversity, much is still unknown about the effects of various diets, like the ketogenic diet, on the microbiome. Martha acknowledges that meat contains unique fibers like hyaluronic acid that support connective tissue health. While fiber is often considered beneficial, its role can be overrated if the gut microbiome is compromised. Martha explains her reservations about plant-based fibers due to chemical contamination and stresses the importance of a healthy microbiome for overall health. Resources from this episode:  BiotiQuest: https://biotiquest.com/ (use code “KetoK15”) The BioCollective: https://www.thebiocollective.com/ Martha's Quest: https://www.marthasquest.com/ Martha Carlin's TEDx: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ph4L_JHeB3I BiotiQuest on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/biotiquest/ BiotiQuest on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/BiotiQuest BiotiQuest on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@biotiquest4511/featured BiotiQuest on X: https://x.com/BiotiQuest How The Gut Microbiome Could Drive Brain Disorders: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/martha-carlin-how-the-gut-microbiome-could-drive/id1470779784?i=1000546785133 How Antibiotics Destroy Gut Health & What To Do About It, The Role of Lipopolysaccharide on Immune Health, & More!: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/martha-carlin-how-antibiotics-destroy-gut-health-what/id1470779784?i=1000600566389 / / E P I S O D E   S P ON S O R S  *BonCharge: Blue light Blocking Glasses, Red Light Therapy, Sauna Blankets & More. Visit https://boncharge.com/pages/ketokamp and use the coupon code KETOKAMP for 15% off your order. *BON CHARGE products are all HSA/FSA eligible, giving you tax free savings of up to 40% Beam Minerals: BEAM Minerals products are the perfect support for the keto/carnivore/fasting way of living as they won't break your fast, PLUS they taste just like water and will help you keep carb cravings at bay as you move into a fat-adapted state. Give BEAM Minerals a try today for an enhanced keto experience. Head to http://www.beamminerals.comand use the coupon code AZADI for a sweet discount!  Text me the words "Podcast" +1 (786) 364-5002 to be added to my contacts list.  // F O L L O W ▸ instagram | @thebenazadi | http://bit.ly/2B1NXKW ▸ facebook | /thebenazadi | http://bit.ly/2BVvvW6 ▸ twitter | @thebenazadi http://bit.ly/2USE0so ▸clubhouse | @thebenazadi Disclaimer: This podcast is for information purposes only. Statements and views expressed on this podcast are not medical advice. This podcast including Ben Azadi disclaim responsibility from any possible adverse effects from the use of information contained herein. Opinions of guests are their own, and this podcast does not accept responsibility of statements made by guests. This podcast does not make any representations or warranties about guests qualifications or credibility. Individuals on this podcast may have a direct or non-direct interest in products or services referred to herein. If you think you have a medical problem, consult a licensed physician.

Episode #275. Have you ever wondered how your gut health might affect your body weight? In this episode, I sit down with Dr Will Bulsiewicz – a leading authority in gut health and The Proof fan favourite – to unravel the fascinating connection between the microbiome and metabolism. From exploring dietary fibre's impact on disease prevention to comparing ketogenic and plant-based diets, this conversation offers a deep dive into how our inner ecosystem influences our overall health. Tune in for actionable insights and scientific revelations that could transform your approach to wellbeing. Specifically, we discuss: Intro (00:00) Introduction to Dr. Will Bulsiewicz and His Literary Contributions (2:42) Do Gastroenterologists Analyse Their Own Stool? (7:43) Dr. Will Bulsiewicz's Collaboration with ZOE (9:55) Behind the Scenes: Dr. Will's Nutritional Supplement Venture (11:20) The Progressive Journey of the Gut Health Movement (14:02) Decoding the Microbiome: Its Role and Significance in Health (17:20) Exploring Metabolism and Metabolic Health (0:24:50) The Microbiome's Role in Influencing Metabolism (0:33:07) Understanding GLP-1 Agonists: Their Impact on Satiety and Weight Reduction (0:38:54) Tips to Increase Dietary Fibre Intake for Better Health (0:45:05) The Connection Between Microbiome and Fat Metabolism (0:47:36) Strategies to Boost Metabolism and Promote Brown Fat Activation (0:49:59) The Role of Lipopolysaccharide in Gut Barrier Functionality (0:51:33) Significance of Gut Health and the Risks of Dysbiosis (0:54:49) Linking Insulin Resistance with Satiety Mechanisms (0:56:03) The Relationship Between Satiety and Blood Sugar Fluctuations (0:58:30) Analysing Kevin Hall's Research: Plant-Based Diet vs. Alternative Diets (1:02:04) Blood Regulation, Insulin Resistance, Lipotoxicity, and Microbiome (1:10:38) Deciphering Glucose Homeostasis: What You Need to Know (1:20:37) The Interplay Between Insulin Resistance and Obesity Factors (1:21:51) The Beneficial Role of Dietary Fibre in Blood Sugar Management (1:23:11) Is Reversing Type 2 Diabetes a Possibility? (1:25:18) How the Microbiome Influences Blood Sugar Regulation Mechanisms (1:32:12) The Cholesterol-Lowering Benefits of Dietary Fibre (1:37:06) Top Sources of Soluble Fibre for a Healthy Diet (1:39:40) Triglycerides and Their Relationship with the Microbiome (1:42:06) The Protective Role of Fibre in Disease Prevention (1:46:28) Outro (1:51:46) Connect with Dr Will Bulsiewicz on Instagram, Facebook, Twitter, and TikTok. Discover more resources and Dr B's books on his website, theplantfedgut.com, learn more about supplementation at 38tera.com, and find his work on personalised nutrition at joinzoe.com. Listen to Dr B's past appearances on The Proof here. My team and I have also put together a PDF of resources for this episode, helping you better understand the science behind this conversation. Download it at theproof.com/drb. Optimise your health with InsideTracker's biomarker analysis. Get exclusive access to InsideTracker's new ApoB test, and a significant discount at insidetracker.com/simon. Head to The Proof website for supporting studies and the full show notes. Enjoy, friends. Simon Want to support the show? The best way to support the show is to use the products and services offered by our sponsors. To check them out, and enjoy great savings, visit theproof.com/friends. You can also show your support by leaving a review on the Apple Podcast app and/or sharing your favourite episodes with your friends and family. Simon Hill, MSc, BSc (Hons) Creator of theproof.com and host of The Proof with Simon Hill Author of The Proof is in the Plants Watch the episodes on YouTube or listen on Apple/Spotify Connect with me on Instagram, Twitter, and Facebook Nourish your gut with my Plant-Based Ferments Guide Download my complimentary Two-Week Meal Plan and high protein Plant Performance recipe book

Join Drs Lin Chang and Bill Chey as they discuss the complicated relationship that patients living with IBS have with food. In this episode they'll cover special diets, disordered eating, and more. Relevant disclosures can be found with the episode show notes on Medscape (https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/987259). The topics and discussions are planned, produced, and reviewed independently of advertisers. This podcast is intended only for US healthcare professionals. Resources Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/180389-overview Rome Foundation https://theromefoundation.org/ Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Dietary Interventions https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30899204/ Food Allergies and Intolerances: A Clinical Approach to the Diagnosis and Management of Adverse Reactions to Food https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33493695/ Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy in Gastro-intestinal Endoscopy: Technical Aspects and Clinical Applications https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35243116/ IgG Food Antibody Guided Elimination-rotation Diet Was More Effective Than FODMAP Diet and Control Diet in the Treatment of Women With Mixed IBS-Results From an Open Label Study https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34640335/ A Leukocyte Activation Test Identifies Food Items Which Induce Release of DNA by Innate Immune Peripheral Blood Leucocytes https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29651299/ Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Food Allergy in the United States: Report of the NIAID-sponsored Expert Panel https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21134576/ High FODMAP Diet Causes Barrier Loss via Lipopolysaccharide-mediated Mast Cell Activation https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34618688/ Microbiome and Gut Dysbiosis https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30535609/ Irritable Bowel Syndrome in Adults: Diagnosis and Management https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32073807/ Trending Clinical Topic: Mediterranean Diet https://reference.medscape.com/viewarticle/958654 Low-FODMAP Diet for Irritable Bowel Syndrome: What We Know and What We Have Yet to Learn https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31986083/ A Diet Low in FODMAPS Reduces Symptoms in Patients With Irritable Bowel Syndrome and a Probiotic Restores Bifidobacterium Species: A Randomized Controlled Trial https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28625832/ The Low FODMAP Diet https://www.monashfodmap.com/ 9 Things to Know About ARFID https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/989155#vp_3 Randomized Trial of Medical Versus Surgical Treatment for Refractory Heartburn https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31618539/ Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPI) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557385/ GI Institute https://giinstitute.com/ Human Metabolome Database: Completing the 'Human Parts List' https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/561698_2 Bile Acid and Gut Microbiota in Irritable Bowel Syndrome https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36250362/

Today, I am blessed to have here with me Martha Carlin. She is the founder and CEO of BiotiQuest. This company strives to help people feel better by advocating gut metabolism as the key to regaining health by enabling the body to produce and absorb essential nutrients and detoxify toxins effectively.  Martha is a citizen scientist. She began her journey to help her husband with Parkinson's disease. Ultimately, her goal is to end the suffering of people with Parkinson's disease by making a cure. Martha shares her discoveries with her undying passion and helps the science world step forward.  In this episode, Martha Carlin speaks about our digestive system and its impact on us. She also discusses why the immune system is the one that kills us, not the pathogen. Martha talks about the right time to eat fruits and talks about the sugar shift biotic formula and its clinical trial results. Tune in as we chat about the Krebs Cycle, how the digestive system works, lipopolysaccharide, the Sugar Shift Formula, and antibiotics. Get your BiotiQuest products at 15% off here. http://www.biotiquest.com use the coupon code ketok15 at checkout.  Download your FREE Vegetable Oil Allergy Card here: https://onlineoffer.lpages.co/vegetable-oil-allergy-card-download/ / / E P I S O D E   S P ON S O R S  Wild Pastures: $20 OFF per Box for Life + Free Shipping for Life + $15 OFF your 1st Box! https://wildpastures.com/promos/save-20-for-life-lf?oid=6&affid=132&source_id=podcast&sub1=ad BonCharge: Blue light Blocking Glasses, Red Light Therapy, Sauna Blankets & More. Visit https://boncharge.com/pages/ketokamp and use the coupon code KETOKAMP for 15% off your order.  Text me the words "Podcast" +1 (786) 364-5002 to be added to my contacts list.   [04:01] You Are What You Eat: Take Care of Your Digestive System!  -       We are what we eat. That greatly impacts what's going on in the digestive tract. -       Lipopolysaccharide is a cell wall component of gram-negative bacteria.  When bacteria break down and die, bits of their cell wall remains, and this LPS can enter your bloodstream and trigger inflammation. -       Gram-negative bacteria are potential indicators of Parkinson's and other diseases. -       A blood test is the easiest way to know if you have high levels of LPS. -       Other than LPS, bacteria produce proteins or peptides, which can cause autoimmune diseases. [14:59] You are Being Killed by Your Immune System Response, Not The Pathogen!  -       When you get an LPS challenge, you can become LPS tolerant. -       It's your immune system response that kills you, not the pathogen itself. -       The more and more traffic that builds up slowly with that LPs, the more problems you start to see. -       Mitohormesis and LPS can both can reprogram macrophages. [24:11] Do You Love Fruits? Eat In the Right Time and Build Your Metabolism  -       When the season arrives and fruit ripens, you need to eat some fruit. -       In this day and age, fruits are always available, and we might always be tempted to eat them. That is something we want to avoid doing. -       The goal is to build that metabolism to introduce fruit. -       There's just everything in moderation. [29:52] Sugar Shift Formula: Helping People into Ketosis and Improve Blood Sugar  -       The sugar shift probiotic formula helps people get into ketosis and improve their blood sugar. -       The result of the clinical trial is that the group taking the formula stabilized their HBA1C while the group that did not continue to rise. -        There was a marked drop in both 90 Day and 80-day marks in the serum lipopolysaccharide. -       In indigenous populations, breastfed babies will carry a specific Bifido and fanta strain, a single colony that trains the immune system. [42:09] How Long Does It Take for the Gut Microbiome to Recover From Taking Antibiotics? -       Microbiome NEVER recovers from a macrolide. -       You have more problems with the resistance that's left behind than you have with antibiotics. -       People don't realize how much antibiotics are in the food supply. -       All pre-packaged convenience food contains anti-enzymatic things. AND MUCH MORE! Resources from this episode: ●  Get Your BiotiQuest products at 15% off here. http://www.biotiquest.com use the coupon code ketok15 at checkout.    ●  Martha's Quest: https://www.marthasquest.com/ ●  Follow Martha Carlin: ●  Twitter: https://twitter.com/mcarlin33 ●  Linkedin: https://www.linkedin.com/in/marthacarlin/ ●  Come and Join us at Keto Con With Martha: https://www.ketocon.org/ketocon-2023/ use ketokamp at checkout for $50 off.  ●  Join the Keto Kamp Academy: https://ketokampacademy.com/7-day-trial-a ●  Watch Keto Kamp on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCUh_MOM621MvpW_HLtfkLyQ Download your FREE Vegetable Oil Allergy Card here: https://onlineoffer.lpages.co/vegetable-oil-allergy-card-download/ / / E P I S O D E   S P ON S O R S  Wild Pastures: $20 OFF per Box for Life + Free Shipping for Life + $15 OFF your 1st Box! https://wildpastures.com/promos/save-20-for-life-lf?oid=6&affid=132&source_id=podcast&sub1=ad BonCharge: Blue light Blocking Glasses, Red Light Therapy, Sauna Blankets & More. Visit https://boncharge.com/pages/ketokamp and use the coupon code KETOKAMP for 15% off your order.  Text me the words "Podcast" +1 (786) 364-5002 to be added to my contacts list.  *Some Links Are Affiliates* // F O L L O W ▸ instagram | @thebenazadi | http://bit.ly/2B1NXKW ▸ facebook | /thebenazadi | http://bit.ly/2BVvvW6 ▸ twitter | @thebenazadi http://bit.ly/2USE0so ▸ tiktok | @thebenazadi https://www.tiktok.com/@thebenazadi Disclaimer: This podcast is for information purposes only. Statements and views expressed on this podcast are not medical advice. This podcast including Ben Azadi disclaim responsibility from any possible adverse effects from the use of information contained herein. Opinions of guests are their own, and this podcast does not accept responsibility of statements made by guests. This podcast does not make any representations or warranties about guests qualifications or credibility. Individuals on this podcast may have a direct or non-direct interest in products or services referred to herein. If you think you have a medical problem, consult a licensed physician.  

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.02.11.528146v1?rss=1 Authors: Chalmers, K. J., Hutchinson, M. R., Dodds, K. N., Kwok, Y. H., Evans, S. F., Moseley, G. L. Abstract: Problem: The neuroimmune interface has been characterised in few areas of the body. The objective of this study was to investigate the neuroimmune interface in the mouse vagina through a novel ex vivo model, to determine whether LPS could directly activate and produce TRPV1-mediated neuronal activation. Method of Study: Concentrations of IL-1{beta} and IL-6 release into the supernatant at different times post ex vivo stimulation with LPS, capsaicin, or a combination of the two were assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: There were no differences in the supernatant concentration of IL-6 with different stimulation type nor stimulation time. Supernatant concentrations of IL-1{beta} were greater at the 20 hour time point than the 4 hour time point, and were greater for stimulations involving LPS. Conclusion: There is a clear pattern of pro-inflammatory neuroimmune responses following ex vivo stimulation of mouse vaginal tissues with capsaicin and LPS, evident as an increased IL-1{beta} output. This output is greatest at 20 hours post-stimulation, indicating this neuroimmune response is time-dependent. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.12.29.522253v1?rss=1 Authors: Tejkalova, H., Jakob, L., Kvasnova, S., Klaschka, J., Sechovcova, H., Mrazek, J., Palenicek, T., Fliegerova, K. O. Abstract: The present study investigated whether neonatal exposure to the proinflammatory endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) followed by antibiotic (ATB)-induced dysbiosis in early adulthood could induce schizophrenia-like behavioral changes in adult male rats. The combination of these two stressors resulted in decreased weight gain, but no significant behavioral abnormalities were observed. LPS treatment resulted in adult rats hypoactivity and induced anxiety-like behavior in the social recognition paradigm, but these behavioral changes were not exacerbated by ATB-induced gut dysbiosis. ATB treatment seriously disrupted the gut bacterial community, but dysbiosis did not affect locomotor activity, social recognition, and acoustic reactivity in adult rats. Fecal bacterial community analyzes showed no differences between the LPS challenge exposed/unexposed rats, while the effect of ATB administration was decisive regardless of prior LPS exposure. ATB treatment resulted in significantly decreased bacterial diversity, suppression of Clostridiales and Bacteroidales, and increases in Lactobacillales, Enterobacteriales, and Burkholderiales. The persistent effect of LPS on some aspects of behavior suggests a long-term effect of early toxin exposure that was not observed in ATB-treated animals. However, an anti-inflammatory protective effect of ATB cannot be assumed because of the increased abundance of pro-inflammatory, potentially pathogenic bacteria (Proteus, Suttrella) and the elimination of the bacterial families Ruminococcaceae and Lachnospiraceae, which are generally considered beneficial for gut health. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

 This report will shock you… I have done my research. I looked videos for 3 hours (see links at the end) from the best sources, most the things are sciences proved. Except, I add the wisdom of the Chinese medical system to complete my research. A.) Finally, it is proved that our guts are the second brain in our body….B.) We gain leaky guts through Western Food or nonvegetarian unhealthy food. And through the leaky guts, we can get: 1.) Anxiety2.) Depression3.) Autism4.) Dementia5.) And our brain will be damaged over a long time…. Gut-brain connection part 2C.) Love heals our guts and reduces our stress.D.) Gluten-free diet.E.) No snacks!!!F.) Probiotic and Healthy Lactic acid (bacteria).G.) The legendary dangerous Candida fungus.H.) No alcohol.I.) How to produce the most healthy yogurt with the best bacteria?A.) Our gut work independent from our brain…Our gut is controlling our complete digestion, this means liver, stomach, gallbladder, and pancreas.In our gut, we have 100 of sensors, and they report to our brain…When we eat drugs, our gut tells that our brain… or get influenced … And even our fast food can cause depression.The toxic in our gut influences our thinking and feelings.Autism, anxiety, and depressive behaviors can come from unhealthy bacteria in our gut.Any drug/medicaments can have a negative influence on our feelings and thoughts through our gut-brain connection…Our fears can trigger our bowels to release our excrete…If we over-analyze, then we get constipation and can't excrete… Stress shut up our small intestines, and so our digestion will not work correctly. Proverb:Trust your gut feelings…If we get some sensations/ vibrations in our guts, we can check if this is related to things that we desire… Our guts are related to the subconsciousness and super-consciousness (intuition)…For Asian are the bowels a second brain.- We should think more with our gut instead to analyze with our mind.For the Tao or Qigong, the guts are the battery that we can charge with energy. And if we do so, we have much more power and focus on the things that we want. With our gut, we can heal our body;- if we apply for instance Qigong.B.) Leaky GutIn our colon, we have healthy and unhealthy bacteria and organism. Through unhealthy food and Stress, we kill the healthy bacteria and increase the harmful bacteria and organism in our gut.If we would eat a vegetarian diet based on :1.) Fruits and vegetable,2.) non-gluten, (I explain later)3.) no white sugar, 4.) and low fat. 5.)The best are: Broccoli sprouts kills these ((H-Pylori or Lipopolysaccharide, I explain later). Or mother breast milk.We could even heal leaky gut and kill the dangerous organism and bacteria in our gut with this healthy diet.When we eat unhealthy food like : 1.) Corn syrup.2.) White sugar.3.) Fructose syrup.4.) Peanut butter.5.) Meat, fish, poultry.6.) Industrially processed food.7.) Fast food.8.) An average Western food based on high fat, low fiber increase to 71% the chance of leaky gut.We will get leaky guts over the time through this food.Leaky guts are caused when the lining of the small intestine becomes damaged by unhealthy organism and bacteria. Through leaky gut undigested food particles, toxic waste products, unhealthy bacteria, and organism to "leak" through the intestines and flood the bloodstream.Over the blood, the unhealthy bacteria and organism reach our brain and damage or influence it. In our brain, we have a Blood Barrier that protects the brain from unhealthy bacteria and organism. If the harmful organism (H-Pylori or Lipopolysaccharide) from the Colon/stomach go in the blood and break the Blood Barrier of the brain (Protection of the brain against unhealthy bacteria), the harmful bacteria can enter the brain and damage it.25% of Americans are suffering from mental disorder/diseases like depression, anxiety Autisms…36% of autism have leaky guts, Through the leaky gut, we can get:1.) Anxiety.2.) Depressive symptoms.3.) Cognitive deficits.4.) And in the end, our brain gets damaged.It is easy to see that this fits many old people…MicrobiomeFor instance, a baby got antibiotic for an ear inflammation and afterward showing signs of autisms. Again they gave the baby antibiotics, and the autism disappeared… After the first treatment of antibiotic, unhealthy bacteria came in the Colon and changed the behavior of the baby… And today, it is proved if we inject in a rat specific harmful bacteria, the rat gets depression,…Our gut produces also the vitamin B12.Stress is the worst!Through stress, the small intestines are shutting down and can't function properly to absorb the nutrition and to produce vitamin B12. Even more under stress the unhealthy bacteria and organism increase. If we eat a wide variety of anything, our digest system gets confused, and so the small intestines can't work correctly….Eat simple dishes and don't look for a variety. The stomach also has very much influence on the healthy gut flora… The acid of the stomach should be PH2.If our stomach is over PH2 (less acid), it can't kill most of all unhealthy bacteria and organism… When you reduce with soda the acid of the stomach, the unhealthy bacteria and organism like H-Pylori can enter the small intestines and can go so in the blood. My Video: Gut-brain connection part 1 https://youtu.be/kzSqBzwIarMMy Audio: https://divinesuccess.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/Podcast.B/Gut-brain-connection-part-2.mp3

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.11.22.517484v1?rss=1 Authors: Kim, E., Carreira Figueiredo, I., Simmons, C., Randall, K., Rojo Gonzalez, L., Wood, T. C., Ranieri, B., Sureda-Gibert, P., Pariante, C., NIMA Consortium,, Pasternak, O., Dell'Acqua, F., Turkheimer, F. E., Cash, D. Abstract: It is becoming increasingly apparent that neuroinflammation plays a critical role in an array of neurological and psychiatric disorders. Recent studies have demonstrated the potential of diffusion MRI (dMRI) to characterize changes in microglial density and morphology associated with neuroinflammation, but these were conducted mostly ex vivo and/or in extreme, non-physiological animal models. Here, we build upon these studies by investigating the utility of well-established dMRI methods to detect neuroinflammation in vivo in a more clinically relevant animal model. We show that diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI) indicate widespread increases in diffusivity in the brains of rats given a systemic lipopolysaccharide challenge. These diffusivity changes correlated with histologically measured changes in microglial morphology, confirming the sensitivity of dMRI to neuroinflammatory processes. This study marks a further step towards establishing a noninvasive biomarker of neuroinflammation, which would greatly facilitate early diagnosis and treatment monitoring in various neurological and psychiatric diseases. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

LPS - short for Lipopolysaccharide - is a toxin, and once you dive deeper into this topic, you'll find that LPS is linked to a seemingly endless number of illnesses. Could this be the leading cause of disease? In this episode we talk about inflammation, auto-immune issues, respiratory issues like asthma, diabetes and obesity, neurological illnesses like Parkinson and MS, SIBO, Crohn's disease etc. Please check out the timestamps below for more details on topics covered. Our aim with this podcast is to educate you and provide you with tools to optimise your life by healing your gut. Connect with us online, we'd love to hear from you! Dave IG: https://my.captivate.fm/dashboard/podcast/7f4f56bb-c870-4c82-925a-3c9e916797ba/www.instagram.com/dave.o.brien/ (www.instagram.com/dave.o.brien/) Website: http://daveobrien.com.au/ (http://daveobrien.com.au) Jake IG: https://my.captivate.fm/dashboard/podcast/7f4f56bb-c870-4c82-925a-3c9e916797ba/www.instagram.com/coach_jakedoleschal/ (www.instagram.com/coach_jakedoleschal/) Website: https://my.captivate.fm/dashboard/podcast/7f4f56bb-c870-4c82-925a-3c9e916797ba/www.coachjakedoleschal.com (www.coachjakedoleschal.com) If you enjoyed todays episode, please share it with someone you think will benefit from it! We'd be so thankful for a review on Apple Podcasts. Please let us know on Instagram which topic you'd like us to cover next. We look forward to hearing from you. Timestamps: (00:06:00) What is LPS? (00:12:47) Auto-immune issues (00:20:57) Fibromyalgia (00:25:30) Neurological inflammation (00:28:13) The enzyme IDO (00:35:00) Obesity; diabetes; fatty liver disease (00:38:46) PCOS (00:44:09) Respiratory issues; pneumonia; asthma (00:51:04) Supplement recommendations (00:59:07) Duration of a protocol None of the information provided in A Gut Feeling is intended to treat, diagnose, or give medical advice. Please consult a healthcare professional before making any changes to your lifestyle.

As the dairy cow transitions from dry to lactating, she experiences numerous changes. This month we learn more about the biological details of fat metabolism. Dr. Contreras, from Michigan State University, guides us through a discussion around the project specifically focusing in on what occurs to the fat, at a cellular level, of a cow challenged by disease – specifically ketosis. Listen in to better understand the 3 major mechanisms to control fat mobilization in your fresh cow pen. This “benchtop” laboratory work has paved the way to brainstorm supportive solutions. The article highlighted from the @JournalOfDairyScience is titled: Lipopolysaccharide induces lipolysis and insulin resistance in adipose tissue from dairy cows. Found at: https://www.journalofdairyscience.org/article/S0022-0302(21)00970-X/fulltext If you would like to sponsor a future podcast, please reach out at: reagan@modairy.org.   #2xAg2030; #journalofdairyscience; #transitioncow; #fatmetabolism

This is a podcast article summary of "Expression of ACE2 in the Intact and Acutely Injured Kidney" by Karl A. Nath and Vesna D. Garovic.

GET TRANSCRIPT AND FULL SHOWNOTES: melanieavalon.com/immunitycode2 2:15 - IF Biohackers: Intermittent Fasting + Real Foods + Life: Join Melanie's Facebook At Facebook.com/groups/paleoOMAD Group For A Weekly Episode GIVEAWAY, And To Discuss And Learn About All Things Biohacking! All Conversations Welcome! 2:45 - FOOD SENSE GUIDE: Get Melanie's App To Tackle Your Food Sensitivities! Food Sense Includes A Searchable Catalogue Of 300+ Foods, Revealing Their Gluten, FODMAP, Lectin, Histamine, Amine, Glutamate, Oxalate, Salicylate, Sulfite, And Thiol Status. Food Sense Also Includes Compound Overviews, Reactions To Look For, Lists Of Foods High And Low In Them, The Ability To Create Your Own Personal Lists, And More! 3:15 - BEAUTYCOUNTER: Non-Toxic Beauty Products Tested For Heavy Metals, Which Support Skin Health And Look Amazing! Shop At Beautycounter.Com/MelanieAvalon For Something Magical! For Exclusive Offers And Discounts, And More On The Science Of Skincare, Get On Melanie's Private Beautycounter Email List At MelanieAvalon.Com/CleanBeauty! Find Your Perfect Beautycounter Products With Melanie's Quiz: Melanieavalon.Com/Beautycounterquiz Join Melanie's Facebook Group Clean Beauty And Safe Skincare With Melanie Avalon At Facebook.com/groups/cleanbeautymelanieavalon To Discuss And Learn About All The Things Clean Beauty, Beautycounter And Safe Skincare! 4:55 - Follow Melanie On Instagram To See The Latest Moments, Products, And #AllTheThings! @MelanieAvalon 5:40 - Potential Problems With Keto And 4HNE 7:25 - 4HNE 9:10 - Bad Fats 10:25 - MCTs And Fatty Liver 11:50 - Omega 3s 15:45 - Inflammatory Pathways 21:30 - Body Fat 23:25 - Damaged Mitochondria Cascade 28:05 - Inflamed Fat And Obesity 30:00 - Warburg Effect 32:55 - DRY FARM WINES: Low Sugar, Low Alcohol, Toxin-Free, Mold- Free, Pesticide-Free, Hang-Over Free, Natural Wine! Use The Link DryFarmWines.Com/Melanieavalon To Get A Bottle For A Penny! 34:50 - Damaged Cells During Fat Loss 37:15 - Physical Forces Program Cells 40:40 - White Fat And Brown Fat 45:05 - Collagen Fibers 46:40 - Vinculin Antibodies And IBS 48:50 - Secretome 50:05 - Difficulty Losing Fat As We Age 51:55 - Body Set Point 53:25 - Restructuring ECM Practically 57:40 - How To Keep Body Fat Off 59:20 - Hacking FGF21  1:01:25 -  LMNT: For Fasting Or Low-Carb Diets Electrolytes Are Key For Relieving Hunger, Cramps, Headaches, Tiredness, And Dizziness. With No Sugar, Artificial Ingredients, Coloring, And Only 2 Grams Of Carbs Per Packet, Try LMNT For Complete And Total Hydration. For A Limited Time Go To drinklmnt.com/melanieavalon To Get A Sample Pack For Only The Price Of Shipping! 1:04:00 - Conflicting Information And Hacks 1:05:10 - The Link Of Appearance To Health 1:08:25 - Moving Every Day 1:11:35 - Old Blood And Old Muscle 1:14:10 - Massage 1:15:00 - EPO 1:17:05 - Vibration Plates 1:17:30 - AMPK, Sirtuins, NAD And CD38 1:19:25 - Supplementing NAD And NR 1:23:15 - The Reality Of How Things Work And Getting What You Really Want 1:27:00 - Spot Burning Fat

In this podcast, Editor-in-Chief Kelly A. Tappenden, PhD, RD, interviews Dr. David P. Galloway about his article, "Increased Anti-Flagellin and Anti- Lipopolysaccharide Immunoglobulins in Pediatric Intestinal Failure: Associations With Fever and Central Line–Associated Bloodstream Infections," published in the July 2015 issue of JPEN. https://doi.org/10.1177/0148607114537073

In Part 1, we look at the original studies that led to the discovery of TNF in two separate labs where researchers were looking for two completely different things. We’ll learn how these discoveries then fueled the use of TNF in the failed trials as an anti-cancer agent, and the eventual development of antibody therapy against TNF in septic shock. Intro :11 The origins of this episode and what we’ll cover here and in Part 2 :18 What Part 1 will cover 2:01 Early cytokine research in general codiscovery of TNF TNF as anticancer agent TNF’s role in cachexia trials of anti-TNF in the setting of septic shock What part 2 will cover 2:59 TNF’s role in rheumatoid arthritis TNF in the late 1800s 3:18 Lipopolysaccharide from gram-negative bacteria is first isolated and discovered 8:16 Fast forward to the 1960s, enter Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center 9:08 Anthony Cerami studies cachexin in his Rockefeller lab 11:10 Focus on cachexia 12:27 Late 1980s: TNF is produced and given to humans using recombinant technology 20:01 Studies of TNF in patients with various types of cancer 20:48 High doses seem to induce shock-like illness 21:38 TNF-secreting tumor is created and tested 25:21 Some take away 26:12 Studying TNF led to the discovery that it’s associated with shock 26:33 Money pours into research on blocking TNF 27:00 A look at studies of TNF in infection 27:22 Study of TNF in sepsis 30:20 Let’s talk about anti-TNF and what it’s doing 34:00 Studies of anti-TNF in humans 36:00 Rat and baboon studies don’t always correlate with humans 40:25 Episode recap 40:45 Stay tuned for Part 2 42:20 Follow us on Twitter @HRheuminations and leave us a review in iTunes 42:50 We’d love to hear from you! Send your comments/questions to rheuminationspodcast@healio.com. Follow us on Twitter @HRheuminations @AdamJBrownMD @HealioRheum References: Beutler B, et al. Science. 1985;229:869–871. Blick M, et al. Cancer Research. 1987;47:2986-2989. Carswell E, Williamson B. Cancer Imm. 2012;12:4. Feldman M. Nat Rev Immunol. 2002;2:364-371. Fong Y, et al. J Exp Med. 1989;170:1627-1633. Kawakami M. Mol Med. 2014;doi:10.2119/molmed.2014.00177. Lv S, et al. Int J Clin Pract. 2014;68:520-528. Marks JD, et al. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1990;141:94-97. McCarthy EF. Iowa Orthop J. 2006;26:154-158. Michi HR, et al. N Engl J Med. 1988;318:1481-1486. Oliff A. Cell. 1988;54:141-142. Opal SM, et al. J Infect Dis. 1990;161:1148-1152. Qui P, et al. Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 2011;20:1555-1564. Tracey KJ, et al. Nature. 1987;330:662-4. Waage A, et al. Lancet. 1987;1:355-7.

Nick Gay discusses how the adaptor protein TMED7 targets the pathogen-sensing receptor TLR4 to the plasma membrane.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello and Alan Dove Guests: Julie Pfeiffer and Paul Duprex Vincent and Alan meet up with Julie and Paul at the General Meeting of the American Society for Microbiology in Boston, to talk about their work on the pathogenesis of poliovirus and measles virus. Links for this episode Threading the NEIDL (YouTube) Transmission of measles virus from macaques (J Gen Virol) Tropism of green measles virus in macaques (J Virol) Intestinal microbiota promote enteric virus replication (Science) Bacterial LPS enhances poliovirus stability (Cell Host Micr) Video of this episode - view below or at YouTube Weekly Science Picks Vincent - ASM Live 2014Alan - I will not follow the herdPaul - Invisible ThreatJulie - The importance of stupidity in biological research Listener Pick of the Week Neil - WEHI movies and VIZBI Send your virology questions and comments (email or mp3 file) to twiv@twiv.tv

A deubiquitinase helps control the inflammatory response.

Background: Udder infections with environmental pathogens like Escherichia coli are a serious problem for the dairy industry. Reduction of incidence and severity of mastitis is desirable and mild priming of the immune system either through vaccination or with low doses of immune stimulants such as lipopolysaccharide LPS was previously found to dampen detrimental effects of a subsequent infection. Monocytes/macrophages are known to develop tolerance towards the endotoxin LPS (endotoxin tolerance, ET) as adaptation strategy to prevent exuberant inflammation. We have recently observed that infusion of 1 mu g of LPS into the quarter of an udder effectively protected for several days against an experimentally elicited mastitis. We have modelled this process in primary cultures of mammary epithelial cells (MEC) from the cow. MEC are by far the most abundant cells in the healthy udder coming into contact with invading pathogens and little is known about their role in establishing ET. Results: We primed primary MEC cultures for 12 h with LPS (100 ng/ml) and stimulated three cultures either 12 h or 42 h later with 10(7)/ml particles of heat inactivated E. coli bacteria for six hours. Priming-related alterations in the global transcriptome of those cells were quantified with Affymetrix microarrays. LPS priming alone caused differential expression of 40 genes and mediated significantly different response to a subsequent E. coli challenge of 226 genes. Expression of 38 genes was enhanced while that of 188 was decreased. Higher expressed were antimicrobial factors (beta-defensin LAP, SLPI), cell and tissue protecting factors (DAF, MUC1, TGM1, TGM3) as well as mediators of the sentinel function of MEC (CCL5, CXCL8). Dampened was the expression of potentially harmful pro-inflammatory master cytokines (IL1B, IL6, TNF-alpha) and immune effectors (NOS2, matrix metalloproteases). Functional network analysis highlighted the reduced expression of IL1B and of IRF7 as key to this modulation. Conclusion: LPS-primed MEC are fitter to repel pathogens and better protected against misguided attacks of the immune response. Attenuated is the exuberant expression of factors potentially promoting immunopathological processes. MEC therefore recapitulate many aspects of ET known so far from professional immune cells.

Tissue-specific transcripts are likely to be of importance for the corresponding organ. While attempting to define the specific transcriptome of the human lung, we identified the transcript of a yet uncharacterized protein, SFTA2. In silico analyses, biochemical methods, fluorescence imaging and animal challenge experiments were employed to characterize SFTA2. Human SFTA2 is located on Chr. 6p21.33, a disease-susceptibility locus for diffuse panbronchiolitis. RT-PCR verified the abundance of SFTA2-specific transcripts in human and mouse lung. SFTA2 is synthesized as a hydrophilic precursor releasing a 59 amino acid mature peptide after cleavage of an N-terminal secretory signal. SFTA2 has no recognizable homology to other proteins while orthologues are present in all mammals. SFTA2 is a glycosylated protein and specifically expressed in nonciliated bronchiolar epithelium and type II pneumocytes. In accordance with other hydrophilic surfactant proteins, SFTA2 did not colocalize with lamellar bodies but colocalized with golgin97 and clathrin-labelled vesicles, suggesting a classical secretory pathway for its expression and secretion. In the mouse lung, Sfta2 was significantly downregulated after induction of an inflammatory reaction by intratracheal lipopolysaccharides paralleling surfactant proteins B and C but not D. Hyperoxia, however, did not alter SFTA2 mRNA levels. We have characterized SFTA2 and present it as a novel unique secretory peptide highly expressed in the lung.

Vincent, Alan, and Rich are very enthusiastic about two studies that show how gut bacteria help viral invaders.

Two related ligands that activate the same receptor have different effects on immune system stimulation and inflammation.

Petra May discusses new findings about a role for LRP1 in inhibiting inflammation.

In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde erstmals die Expression und Bedeutung des Toll-like Rezeptors 4 (Tlr4) in normalen und adenomatösen epithelialen Hypophysenzellen untersucht. Tlr4 ist der Rezeptor für bakterielle Lipopolysaccharide und ist daher an der Induktion der angeborenen Immunantwort bei Infektions- oder Entzündungsprozessen beteiligt, die durch gram-negative Bakterien verursacht werden. Zusätzlich könnte der Tlr4 eine Rolle bei der Tumorgenese spielen, da Tumor-assoziierte Komponenten der extrazellulären Matrix oder Heat-Shock Proteine ebenfalls aktivierende Liganden des Tlr4 repräsentieren. In vorhergehenden Arbeiten wurde gezeigt, dass in der normalen Hypophyse der Tlr4 vorwiegend in follikulostellaren (FS) Zellen exprimiert wird und für immun-endokrine Interaktionen von Bedeutung ist. In der vorliegenden Doktorarbeit wurde eine sporadische Expression des Tlr4 auch in allen endokrinen Vorderlappenzellen nachgewiesen. Außerdem wurde eine heterogene Expression des Tlr 4 auch in 26 von 67 untersuchten Adenomen gezeigt. In den meisten Fällen wurde in Tlr4-positiven Adenomen eine verstreute Expression in weniger als 5% aller Adenomzellen beobachtet. Die Tlr4 Expression korrelierte nicht mit einem speziellen Adenomtyp (hormonaktiv oder –inaktiv) oder Phänotyp (Mikro- oder Makroadenom). Der adenomatöse Tlr4 war funktionell aktiv, da LPS in Tlr4-positiven, IL-6-sezernierenden Adenomen die IL-6 Sekretion dosisabhängig stark stimulierte. Das synthetische Glukokortikoid Dexamethason und der p38α MAP Kinase Inhibitor SB 203580 waren potente Inhibitoren der LPS-induzierten IL-6 Sekretion. Eine heterogen Tlr4 Expresion wurde auch in endokrinen Hypophysenzelllinien gefunden, von denen manche Tlr4-positiv waren (kortikotrope AtT20 und inaktive humane HP75 Zellen), während laktosomatotrope GH3 und gonadotrope αT3-1 Zellen keinen Tlr4 exprimierten. LPS hatte in AtT20 und GH3 Zellen keinen Einfluß auf die Hormonsekretion. Im Gegensatz dazu supprimiert LPS das Wachstum von AtT20 Zellen, nicht aber von GH3 Zellen, was darauf hinweist, daß LPS direkt das Wachstum von Tlr4-positiven Zellen inhibiert. Zusammengefasst weisen diese Egebnisse darauf hin, daß während transienter oder chronischer infektiöser bzw. inflammatorischer Prozesse, die durch gram-negative Bakterien induziert worden sind, LPS da Wachstum von Hypophysentumoren beeinflussen könnte. Ob LPS in vivo die Hypophysentumor-Entwicklung inhibiert oder stimuliert, hängt von der Co-Expression und Stimulation von IL-6 (ein Progressionsfaktor für Hypophysentumoren) durch LPS in Tlr4-positiven Adenomen ab und vom Einsetzen und dem Ausmaß des Anstiegs von anti-inflammatorisch wirksamen Glukokortikoiden. Nicht nur LPS, sondern auch das bei Krebserkrankungen eingesetzte Chemotherapeutikum Taxol, von dem man annimmt, dass es durch Tlr4 wirksam ist, inhibierte das Wachstum von AtT20 Zellen. Das läßt vermuten, dass in Tlr4-positiven Adenomen auch noch weitere Liganden des Tlr4 wie z.B. andere bakterielle oder virale Bestandteile, Pharmaka oder intratumorale Fragmente der extrazellulären Matrix die Entwicklung von Hypophysentumoren beeinflussen. Dies muss in zukünftigen Studien noch geklärt werden, ebenso wie die Frage, ob der Tlr4 allgemein eine Rolle für die Tumorgenese in anderen Tlr4-positiven epithelialen Tumoren spielt.

Als wichtige Mediatoren der akuten und chronischen Entzündungsreaktion gelten Bradykinin und seine Derivate. Als Rezeptoren dieser Kinine sind der Kinin B2- und B1-Rezeptor bekannt. Ziel dieser Arbeit war der Beweis einer Kinin B1-Rezeptorhochregulation im Rahmen der inflammatorischen Antwort bei Schweinen, die unter natürlichen Bedingungen eine das Immunsystem alternierende Infektion erworben hatten. Eine erhöhte Stimulierbarkeit des Kinin B1-Rezeptors unter Ausgangsbedingungen (Gruppe 1) wiesen 88% der nach standardisierter klinischer Untersuchung als krank diagnostizierten Schweine auf, die Druckantwortkurven auf Stimulation mit BK und ACh waren unverändert. Im Gegensatz hierzu zeigten nur 15% der als klinisch gesund eingestuften Tiere eine vermehrte Stimulierbarkeit des Kinin B1-Rezeptors zu Versuchsbeginn (p=0,00004). Das Antwortverhalten konnte in jeder Gruppe durch Infusion der selektiven Kinin B2- und B1-Rezeptorantagonisten (HOE 140, Lys0-Leu8-desArg9-BK) als rezeptorspezifisch nachgewiesen werden. Die Infusion physiologischer Kochsalzlösung über acht Stunden bei Tieren mit niedriger Stimulierbarkeit des Kinin B1-Rezeptors unter Ausgangsbedingungen führte zu keinerlei Änderung der Druckantwort, sodass hier die Konstanz des Kinin B1-Rezeptors gezeigt wurde. Bei Tieren mit erhöhter Stimulierbarkeit des B1-Rezeptors unter Ausgangsbedingungen kam es unter Dauerinfusion des Kinin B1-Rezeptorantagonisten CP-0298 (Lys0-Leu8-desArg9-BK) zu einem Verlust der kardiovaskulären Antwort. Die Infusion des Kinin B2-Rezpetorantagonisten HOE 140 beeinflusste die Druckantwort auf steigende Dosen von desArg9-BK nicht, sodass die Spezifität der sepsisinduzierten B1-Hochregulation bewiesen werden konnte. Somit wurde in der hier vorliegenden Studie zum ersten Mal nachgewiesen, dass der im gesunden Tier nicht oder nur in sehr geringer Anzahl vorhandene Kinin B1-Rezeptor nachgewiesen und funktionell hochreguliert wird, sobald sich die Schweine mit einer Infektion im Aufzuchtberieb auseinander gesetzt hatten. Die tierexperimentell induzierte Sepsis nach LPS-Injektion mit Hochregulation des Kinin B1-Rezeptors konnte hiermit als valides Modell der systemischen, durch bakterielle Lipopolysaccharide induzierte Entzündungsreaktion bestätigt werden.

Sat, 1 Jan 1994 12:00:00 +0100 http://epub.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4060/ http://epub.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4060/1/4060.pdf Cotten, Matt; Baker, A.; Saltik, Mediyha; Wagner, Ernst; Buschle, M. Cotten, Matt; Baker, A.; Saltik, Mediyha; Wagner, Ernst und Buschle, M. (1994): Lipopolysaccharide is a frequent contaminant of plasmid DNA preparations and can be toxic to primary cells in the presence of adenovirus. In: Gene Therapy, Vol. 1: pp. 239-