Podcasts about indus valley civilization

Fluent Fiction - Hindi: Sizzling Minds: Students Conquer Exam Fears in Ancient Valley Find the full episode transcript, vocabulary words, and more:fluentfiction.com/hi/episode/2026-06-15-22-34-02-hi Story Transcript:Hi: सूरज की गर्मी से धरती तप रही थी, हवा में हल्की-हल्की गरमाहट महसूस हो रही थी।En: The earth was sizzling under the heat of the sun, with a mild warmth perceptible in the air.Hi: सिंधु घाटी सभ्यता की प्राचीन बस्ती के बीचो-बीच, एक छोटे स्कूल के आँगन में विद्यार्थियों की भीड़ लगी हुई थी।En: Amidst the ancient settlement of the Indus Valley Civilization, a crowd of students had gathered in the courtyard of a small school.Hi: मिट्टी की ईंटों से बने स्कूल के चारों ओर हरे-भरे पेड़ थे, जिनकी छाया में बच्चे अपने आने वाले परीक्षा की तैयारी कर रहे थे।En: Around the mud-brick school were lush green trees, under whose shade the children were preparing for their upcoming exams.Hi: आरव और ईशा दोनों ही अगले दिन की परीक्षा को लेकर चिंतित थे।En: Aarav and Isha were both anxious about the next day's exam.Hi: आरव एक मेहनती छात्र था, जिसका सपना था कि वह 'वर्ष का विद्वान' का खिताब जीते।En: Aarav was a diligent student who dreamed of winning the title of 'Scholar of the Year.'Hi: लेकिन ईशा, उसकी प्रतिस्पर्धी थी, जो बुद्धिमान और तीव्र दिमाग की थी, पर खुद पर भरोसा कम था।En: Meanwhile, Isha, his competitor, was clever and quick-witted, yet lacked self-confidence.Hi: आरव को चिंता थी कि वह ठीक से तैयारी नहीं कर पाया है और ईशा से पीछे रह जाएगा।En: Aarav was worried that he hadn't prepared well enough and might lag behind Isha.Hi: उसने सोचा, "बाई याद करने से बेहतर होगा कि मैं समझने पर ध्यान दूँ।En: He thought, "It would be better to focus on understanding than just memorizing."Hi: "इधर ईशा अपने आपको थोड़ा स्वयं संदेह में पाती थी।En: On the other hand, Isha found herself plagued with self-doubt.Hi: वह मन ही मन सोचती कि क्या वह सच में अपने दिमाग को भरोसा कर सकती है?En: She wondered internally if she could really trust her mind.Hi: परीक्षा का दिन आया।En: The day of the exam arrived.Hi: गर्मी का जोर तो था ही, लेकिन आरव और ईशा ने दिमाग को ठंडा रखने की ठानी।En: The heat was intense, but Aarav and Isha resolved to keep their minds cool.Hi: प्रश्न पत्र उनके हाथों में था और वे प्रश्नों को देखकर थोड़ा हिचकिचाए, परन्तु फिर साहस बटोरा।En: The question papers were in their hands, and they hesitated a little on seeing the questions, but then gathered their courage.Hi: एक कठिन प्रश्न आरव के सामने आया।En: A difficult question came before Aarav.Hi: यह प्राचीन व्यापार मार्गों से जुड़ा था।En: It was related to ancient trade routes.Hi: आरव ने एक गहरी साँस ली और सोचा, "जो पढ़ा है, उस पर विश्वास रखो।En: Aarav took a deep breath and thought, "Have faith in what you've read."Hi: " उसने विषय को अलग दृष्टिकोण से सोचना शुरू किया।En: He began to think about the subject from a different perspective.Hi: ईशा भी पास ही थी और तेजी से प्रश्नों को हल कर रही थी।En: Isha was nearby, quickly solving the questions.Hi: समाप्ति की घड़ी आ पहुंची।En: The end of the exam period arrived.Hi: आरव ने राहत की सांस ली क्योंकि उसे लगा कि उसने प्रश्न का उत्तर सही दृष्टिकोण से लिखा था।En: Aarav sighed in relief because he felt he had answered the question from the right perspective.Hi: जब परिणाम आया, तो आरव और ईशा दोनों ही उत्तीर्ण हुए और उन्हें सम्मानित किया गया।En: When the results came, both Aarav and Isha passed and were honored.Hi: शिक्षक उनकी मेहनत और समझ की सराहना करते हुए बोले, "तुम दोनों ने ज्ञान का सही उपयोग किया है।En: The teacher praised their hard work and understanding, saying, "You both have made proper use of knowledge."Hi: "आरव अब अपनी विश्लेषणात्मक समझ पर अधिक विश्वास करता था।En: Aarav now had more faith in his analytical understanding.Hi: उसने समझा कि सही दृष्टिकोण रखना याद से अधिक महत्वपूर्ण है।En: He realized that having the right perspective was more important than mere memorization.Hi: वहीं ईशा ने अपनी योग्यता पर विश्वास करना सीखा और अब वह सहयोग की अहमियत को भी समझती थी।En: Meanwhile, Isha learned to believe in her capabilities and now understood the importance of collaboration as well.Hi: गर्मी का दिन अंततः एक नई शुरुआत के साथ समाप्त हुआ, जहाँ दोनों ने अपने मन के संकोच को पार कर ज्ञान की ऊँचाइयों को छुआ था।En: The hot day eventually ended with a new beginning, where both had overcome their inner apprehensions and reached new heights of knowledge. Vocabulary Words:sizzling: तप रहीperceptible: महसूस हो रहीsettlement: बस्तीcourtyard: आँगनmud-brick: मिट्टी की ईंटों से बनेdiligent: मेहनतीcompeting: प्रतिस्पर्धीquick-witted: तीव्र दिमागself-doubt: स्वयं संदेहplagued: ग्रस्तresolved: ठानीhesitated: हिचकिचाएcourage: साहसfaith: विश्वासperspective: दृष्टिकोणanalytical: विश्लेषणात्मकapprehensions: संकोचcollaboration: सहयोगancient: प्राचीनexam: परीक्षाintense: जोरresolve: ठाननाgathered: बटोराbreath: साँसaccomplishment: उत्तीर्णhonored: सम्मानितpraised: सराहनाcapabilities: योग्यताknowledge: ज्ञानmounting: जीतना

Check out BeerBiceps SkillHouse Courses Here - https://www.bbskillhouse.comFor all BeerBiceps vlog content Watch Life Of BeerBiceps - https://www.youtube.com/@LifeOfBeerBicepsCheck out my Mind Performance app: Level SuperMindLink:- https://level4665.u9ilnk.me/d/F1ZOZV4OnTShare your guest suggestions hereMail - connect@beerbiceps.comLink - https://forms.gle/aoMHY9EE3Cg3Tqdx9Join the Level Community Here:https://linktr.ee/levelsupermindcommunityFollow BeerBiceps SkillHouse's Social Media Handles:YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@BeerBicepsSkillHouseInstagram: https://www.instagram.com/beerbiceps_skillhouseWebsite : https://beerbicepsskillhouse.inFor any other queries EMAIL: support@beerbicepsskillhouse.comIn case of any payment-related issues, kindly write to support@tagmango.comFollow Dr. Niraj Rai's Social Media Handles:-Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/nirajbiotechgju X: https://www.instagram.com/nirajbiotechgjuIn this special episode 506th of The Ranveer Show, we are joined by Dr. Niraj Rai, a leading scientist in genetics, who shares deep insights on DNA, Human Evolution, Indian Ancestry, and Health. This episode takes you into the mysteries of our genetic code, the history of Indian populations, and how our environment shapes our biology.In this conversation with Dr. Niraj Rai, we talk about the 98% Mystery DNA, the impact of inbreeding in Indian communities, the "Heart Attack Gene" specific to South Asia, and the future of CRISPR technology. We also understand how genetics can reveal our true history, from the Indus Valley Civilization to the migrations that shaped modern India.This episode also covers the Gut Microbiome, the science behind the Gotra system, the evolutionary role of proteins, and how stress and happiness affect our genetic expression. We explore the differences between ancient and modern humans and the possibility of superhuman traits hidden within us.(00:00) – Start of the episode(01:59) – Dr. Niraj Rai Returns to TRS(02:55) – The Infinite Mystery of Human DNA(05:15) – Secret of the "Warrior Clan" Proteins(08:27) – Are we 99.9% the same?(11:49) – Why Chimpanzees are 6x Stronger than Humans(14:08) – AI & the Future of Genetic Engineering(16:52) – Epigenetics: How Mood changes your Biology(19:39) – Is the Indian Genetic Code deteriorating?(21:47) – Biohacking with Stem Cells & CRISPR(25:46) – The Harsh Truth about Caste-based Inbreeding(28:30) – Why Indians are prone to Heart Attacks(32:33) – Natural Selection & Virus Outbreaks(35:52) – What did Ancient Indians really eat?(42:54) – Is Autism the next stage of Human Evolution?(47:27) – Why Humans are losing Physical Strength(51:13) – The Genetic selection for Fair Skin in India(55:26) – CRISPR: Technology to create Super-Humans(1:07:27) – Why Punjabis have "Milk-Digesting" Genes(1:11:28) – Ancient Invasions & Genetic Mixing(1:18:33) – Scientific Logic behind the Gotra System(1:22:32) – Roman & Persian DNA in South India(1:26:14) – Criminal Genes & Inherited Trauma(1:28:37) – Hypoxia Therapy for Depression(1:34:25) – End of the episode

What if some of history's greatest civilizations didn't fall in spectacular wars… but stopped?Tonight on Juxtaposition, we explore four ancient mysteries in which entire systems of human organization faded, fractured, or vanished — leaving behind monuments, cities, and ruins… but with almost no explanation.We begin with the urban giants of the Indus Valley Civilization, whose meticulously planned cities suddenly lost cohesion after six centuries of stability.We travel back even further to Göbekli Tepe, where hunter-gatherers built massive stone temples thousands of years before agriculture — and then deliberately buried them.From there, we examine the mysterious maritime raiders known as the Sea Peoples, recorded in Egyptian reliefs during the reign of Ramesses III, whose sudden appearance coincides with the collapse of Bronze Age powers across the Mediterranean.Finally, we confront the larger puzzle historians still struggle to explain: the Late Bronze Age collapse, when interconnected kingdoms, trade networks, and writing systems disappeared within a generation.These civilizations built cities, monuments, and international systems that lasted centuries.Then something changed.Not all collapses come with conquering armies or burning cities. Sometimes the structures remain… but the system that gave them meaning dissolves.Tonight we explore the ruins — and the silence they left behind.

In 1922, archeologist Howard Carter stunned the world by discovering King Tut's tomb in Egypt. Two years later, his contemporary John Marshall published the results of his excavations of the Indus Valley.  Marshall's findings reconstructed the timeline of urban civilization in South Asia, revealing cities with overlapping, sophisticated planning and sanitation systems. Although it lacked golden artifacts, the discovery demonstrated that ancient South Asia was as advanced and complex as Egypt. Learn more about the rise and fall of the Indus Valley civilizations on Everything, Everywhere, Daily. Sponsors Quince Go to quince.com/daily for 365-day returns, plus free shipping on your order! Mint Mobile Get your 3-month Unlimited wireless plan for just 15 bucks a month at mintmobile.com/eed Subscribe to the podcast!  https://everything-everywhere.com/everything-everywhere-daily-podcast/ -------------------------------- Executive Producer: Charles Daniel Associate Producers: Austin Oetken & Cameron Kieffer   Become a supporter on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/everythingeverywhere Discord Server: https://discord.gg/UkRUJFh Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/everythingeverywhere/ Facebook Group: https://www.facebook.com/groups/everythingeverywheredaily Twitter: https://twitter.com/everywheretrip Website: https://everything-everywhere.com/  Disce aliquid novi cotidie Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

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Unlock the wonders of the Indus Valley Civilization—the world's most advanced ancient culture—right here! Travel back 5,000 years and discover the jaw-dropping achievements of Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro: grid-planned cities, complex drainage, thriving trade, and unsolved mysteries that still baffle historians today.From mind-blowing inventions to the big question—why did this civilization disappear?—this episode has it all. Dive in for history, mystery, and epic ancient tech!Timestamps for easy navigation:00:00 – Introduction & Topic Reveal00:27 – Where Was the Indus Valley?01:08 – Cities: Harappa, Mohenjo-Daro & More01:55 – Advanced Urban Planning02:36 – Drainage Systems & Technology03:15 – Daily Life & Trade04:05 – Archaeological Discoveries04:44 – Mysterious Decline Theories05:32 – Influence on Later Civilizations06:16 – Fun Facts & Surprising Details07:09 – Conclusion & TakeawaysLike, comment your favorite fact, and subscribe for new discoveries every week!#IndusValleyCivilization #Harappa #MohenjoDaro #AncientIndia #HistoryExplained #UnsolvedMysteriesInstagram: @samarthchittaTwitter: @samarthchittaEmail: samarth.chitta@gmail.com

Indus Valley Civilization & Mesopotamian Links. Discover the fascinating world of the Indus Valley Civilization in this in-depth podcast featuring expert Bikash Basnet. Explore the origins of one of the oldest urban cultures, starting with Mehrgarh and its agricultural revolution. Dive into the parallels and interactions between the Indus and Mesopotamian civilizations, including insights into language similarities and trade connections. Learn about major cities such as Harappa and Mohenjo Daro, their advanced urban planning that even withstood modern floods, and the unique hierarchy that might have held the civilization together. Uncover the discovery stories and archaeological excavations that shed light on seals, artifacts, and historical gaps. Gain fascinating knowledge about the genetic evidence of migration at Indus Valley sites, tracing the movement of people and possible descendants. The discussion includes the final stages of the civilization, its disintegration, and profound influence on classical Hinduism. This comprehensive exploration of Indus Valley Civilization's history, urban brilliance, and cultural legacy brings together archaeology, genetics, and ancient languages to present a compelling portrait of a remarkable ancient society.

I'm Nicholas Gordon, host of the Asian Review of Books podcast, done in partnership with the New Books Network. On this show, we interview authors writing in, around, and about the Asia-Pacific region. How do you tell the story of India–not just the modern-day country, but the whole region of South Asia, home to over two billion people? Historian Audrey Truschke's newest book, India: 5,000 Years of History on the Subcontinent (Princeton UP, 2025), starts at the very beginning: the rise of the Indus Valley Civilization, of which we still know frustratingly little. Her book covers millennia of history–the Vedas, Ashoka, the rise of Buddhism and Islam, the Mughals, the Marathas, the Company, and then newly independent India. Audrey Truschke is Professor of South Asian History at Rutgers University in Newark, New Jersey. Her research focuses on the cultural, imperial, and intellectual history of medieval and early modern India as well as the politics of history in modern times. She is the author of four books. London-based business and culture journalist Prarthana Prakash joins me on the show today as a guest host. Find her on Linkedin. You can find more reviews, excerpts, interviews, and essays at The Asian Review of Books, including its review of India: 5,000 Years of History on the Subcontinent. Follow on Twitter at @BookReviewsAsia. Nicholas Gordon is an editor for a global magazine, and a reviewer for the Asian Review of Books. He can be found on Twitter at @nickrigordon. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/new-books-network

I'm Nicholas Gordon, host of the Asian Review of Books podcast, done in partnership with the New Books Network. On this show, we interview authors writing in, around, and about the Asia-Pacific region. How do you tell the story of India–not just the modern-day country, but the whole region of South Asia, home to over two billion people? Historian Audrey Truschke's newest book, India: 5,000 Years of History on the Subcontinent (Princeton UP, 2025), starts at the very beginning: the rise of the Indus Valley Civilization, of which we still know frustratingly little. Her book covers millennia of history–the Vedas, Ashoka, the rise of Buddhism and Islam, the Mughals, the Marathas, the Company, and then newly independent India. Audrey Truschke is Professor of South Asian History at Rutgers University in Newark, New Jersey. Her research focuses on the cultural, imperial, and intellectual history of medieval and early modern India as well as the politics of history in modern times. She is the author of four books. London-based business and culture journalist Prarthana Prakash joins me on the show today as a guest host. Find her on Linkedin. You can find more reviews, excerpts, interviews, and essays at The Asian Review of Books, including its review of India: 5,000 Years of History on the Subcontinent. Follow on Twitter at @BookReviewsAsia. Nicholas Gordon is an editor for a global magazine, and a reviewer for the Asian Review of Books. He can be found on Twitter at @nickrigordon. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

I'm Nicholas Gordon, host of the Asian Review of Books podcast, done in partnership with the New Books Network. On this show, we interview authors writing in, around, and about the Asia-Pacific region. How do you tell the story of India–not just the modern-day country, but the whole region of South Asia, home to over two billion people? Historian Audrey Truschke's newest book, India: 5,000 Years of History on the Subcontinent (Princeton UP, 2025), starts at the very beginning: the rise of the Indus Valley Civilization, of which we still know frustratingly little. Her book covers millennia of history–the Vedas, Ashoka, the rise of Buddhism and Islam, the Mughals, the Marathas, the Company, and then newly independent India. Audrey Truschke is Professor of South Asian History at Rutgers University in Newark, New Jersey. Her research focuses on the cultural, imperial, and intellectual history of medieval and early modern India as well as the politics of history in modern times. She is the author of four books. London-based business and culture journalist Prarthana Prakash joins me on the show today as a guest host. Find her on Linkedin. You can find more reviews, excerpts, interviews, and essays at The Asian Review of Books, including its review of India: 5,000 Years of History on the Subcontinent. Follow on Twitter at @BookReviewsAsia. Nicholas Gordon is an editor for a global magazine, and a reviewer for the Asian Review of Books. He can be found on Twitter at @nickrigordon. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/south-asian-studies

I'm Nicholas Gordon, host of the Asian Review of Books podcast, done in partnership with the New Books Network. On this show, we interview authors writing in, around, and about the Asia-Pacific region. How do you tell the story of India–not just the modern-day country, but the whole region of South Asia, home to over two billion people? Historian Audrey Truschke's newest book, India: 5,000 Years of History on the Subcontinent (Princeton UP, 2025), starts at the very beginning: the rise of the Indus Valley Civilization, of which we still know frustratingly little. Her book covers millennia of history–the Vedas, Ashoka, the rise of Buddhism and Islam, the Mughals, the Marathas, the Company, and then newly independent India. Audrey Truschke is Professor of South Asian History at Rutgers University in Newark, New Jersey. Her research focuses on the cultural, imperial, and intellectual history of medieval and early modern India as well as the politics of history in modern times. She is the author of four books. London-based business and culture journalist Prarthana Prakash joins me on the show today as a guest host. Find her on Linkedin. You can find more reviews, excerpts, interviews, and essays at The Asian Review of Books, including its review of India: 5,000 Years of History on the Subcontinent. Follow on Twitter at @BookReviewsAsia. Nicholas Gordon is an editor for a global magazine, and a reviewer for the Asian Review of Books. He can be found on Twitter at @nickrigordon.

I'm Nicholas Gordon, host of the Asian Review of Books podcast, done in partnership with the New Books Network. On this show, we interview authors writing in, around, and about the Asia-Pacific region. How do you tell the story of India–not just the modern-day country, but the whole region of South Asia, home to over two billion people? Historian Audrey Truschke's newest book, India: 5,000 Years of History on the Subcontinent (Princeton UP, 2025), starts at the very beginning: the rise of the Indus Valley Civilization, of which we still know frustratingly little. Her book covers millennia of history–the Vedas, Ashoka, the rise of Buddhism and Islam, the Mughals, the Marathas, the Company, and then newly independent India. Audrey Truschke is Professor of South Asian History at Rutgers University in Newark, New Jersey. Her research focuses on the cultural, imperial, and intellectual history of medieval and early modern India as well as the politics of history in modern times. She is the author of four books. London-based business and culture journalist Prarthana Prakash joins me on the show today as a guest host. Find her on Linkedin. You can find more reviews, excerpts, interviews, and essays at The Asian Review of Books, including its review of India: 5,000 Years of History on the Subcontinent. Follow on Twitter at @BookReviewsAsia. Nicholas Gordon is an editor for a global magazine, and a reviewer for the Asian Review of Books. He can be found on Twitter at @nickrigordon. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/asian-review

Much of world history is Indian history. Home today to one in four people, the subcontinent has long been densely populated and deeply connected to Asia, Africa, Europe, and the Americas through migration and trade. In this magisterial history, Audrey Truschke tells the fascinating story of the region historically known as India--which includes today's India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and parts of Afghanistan--and the people who have lived there. A sweeping account of five millennia, from the dawn of the Indus Valley Civilization to the twenty-first century, this engaging and richly textured narrative chronicles the most important political, social, religious, intellectual, and cultural events. And throughout, it describes how the region has been continuously reshaped by its astonishing diversity, religious and political innovations, and social stratification. Here, readers will learn about Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, Islam, and Sikhism; the Vedas and Mahabharata; Ashoka and the Mauryan Empire; the Silk Road; the Cholas; Indo-Persian rule; the Mughal Empire; European colonialism; national independence movements; the 1947 Partition of India; the recent rise of Hindu nationalism; the challenges of climate change; and much more. Emphasizing the diversity of human experiences on the subcontinent, the book presents a wide range of voices, including those of women, religious minorities, lower classes, and other marginalized groups. You cannot understand India today without appreciating its deeply contested history, which continues to drive current events and controversies. A comprehensive and innovative book, India is essential reading for anyone who is interested in the past, present, or future of the subcontinent. Audrey Truschke is professor of South Asian history at Rutgers University, Newark. She is the bestselling author of Aurangzeb: The Life and Legacy of India's Most Controversial King and other books. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/new-books-network

Much of world history is Indian history. Home today to one in four people, the subcontinent has long been densely populated and deeply connected to Asia, Africa, Europe, and the Americas through migration and trade. In this magisterial history, Audrey Truschke tells the fascinating story of the region historically known as India--which includes today's India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and parts of Afghanistan--and the people who have lived there. A sweeping account of five millennia, from the dawn of the Indus Valley Civilization to the twenty-first century, this engaging and richly textured narrative chronicles the most important political, social, religious, intellectual, and cultural events. And throughout, it describes how the region has been continuously reshaped by its astonishing diversity, religious and political innovations, and social stratification. Here, readers will learn about Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, Islam, and Sikhism; the Vedas and Mahabharata; Ashoka and the Mauryan Empire; the Silk Road; the Cholas; Indo-Persian rule; the Mughal Empire; European colonialism; national independence movements; the 1947 Partition of India; the recent rise of Hindu nationalism; the challenges of climate change; and much more. Emphasizing the diversity of human experiences on the subcontinent, the book presents a wide range of voices, including those of women, religious minorities, lower classes, and other marginalized groups. You cannot understand India today without appreciating its deeply contested history, which continues to drive current events and controversies. A comprehensive and innovative book, India is essential reading for anyone who is interested in the past, present, or future of the subcontinent. Audrey Truschke is professor of South Asian history at Rutgers University, Newark. She is the bestselling author of Aurangzeb: The Life and Legacy of India's Most Controversial King and other books. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/history

Much of world history is Indian history. Home today to one in four people, the subcontinent has long been densely populated and deeply connected to Asia, Africa, Europe, and the Americas through migration and trade. In this magisterial history, Audrey Truschke tells the fascinating story of the region historically known as India--which includes today's India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and parts of Afghanistan--and the people who have lived there. A sweeping account of five millennia, from the dawn of the Indus Valley Civilization to the twenty-first century, this engaging and richly textured narrative chronicles the most important political, social, religious, intellectual, and cultural events. And throughout, it describes how the region has been continuously reshaped by its astonishing diversity, religious and political innovations, and social stratification. Here, readers will learn about Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, Islam, and Sikhism; the Vedas and Mahabharata; Ashoka and the Mauryan Empire; the Silk Road; the Cholas; Indo-Persian rule; the Mughal Empire; European colonialism; national independence movements; the 1947 Partition of India; the recent rise of Hindu nationalism; the challenges of climate change; and much more. Emphasizing the diversity of human experiences on the subcontinent, the book presents a wide range of voices, including those of women, religious minorities, lower classes, and other marginalized groups. You cannot understand India today without appreciating its deeply contested history, which continues to drive current events and controversies. A comprehensive and innovative book, India is essential reading for anyone who is interested in the past, present, or future of the subcontinent. Audrey Truschke is professor of South Asian history at Rutgers University, Newark. She is the bestselling author of Aurangzeb: The Life and Legacy of India's Most Controversial King and other books. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Much of world history is Indian history. Home today to one in four people, the subcontinent has long been densely populated and deeply connected to Asia, Africa, Europe, and the Americas through migration and trade. In this magisterial history, Audrey Truschke tells the fascinating story of the region historically known as India--which includes today's India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and parts of Afghanistan--and the people who have lived there. A sweeping account of five millennia, from the dawn of the Indus Valley Civilization to the twenty-first century, this engaging and richly textured narrative chronicles the most important political, social, religious, intellectual, and cultural events. And throughout, it describes how the region has been continuously reshaped by its astonishing diversity, religious and political innovations, and social stratification. Here, readers will learn about Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, Islam, and Sikhism; the Vedas and Mahabharata; Ashoka and the Mauryan Empire; the Silk Road; the Cholas; Indo-Persian rule; the Mughal Empire; European colonialism; national independence movements; the 1947 Partition of India; the recent rise of Hindu nationalism; the challenges of climate change; and much more. Emphasizing the diversity of human experiences on the subcontinent, the book presents a wide range of voices, including those of women, religious minorities, lower classes, and other marginalized groups. You cannot understand India today without appreciating its deeply contested history, which continues to drive current events and controversies. A comprehensive and innovative book, India is essential reading for anyone who is interested in the past, present, or future of the subcontinent. Audrey Truschke is professor of South Asian history at Rutgers University, Newark. She is the bestselling author of Aurangzeb: The Life and Legacy of India's Most Controversial King and other books. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/south-asian-studies

Much of world history is Indian history. Home today to one in four people, the subcontinent has long been densely populated and deeply connected to Asia, Africa, Europe, and the Americas through migration and trade. In this magisterial history, Audrey Truschke tells the fascinating story of the region historically known as India--which includes today's India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and parts of Afghanistan--and the people who have lived there. A sweeping account of five millennia, from the dawn of the Indus Valley Civilization to the twenty-first century, this engaging and richly textured narrative chronicles the most important political, social, religious, intellectual, and cultural events. And throughout, it describes how the region has been continuously reshaped by its astonishing diversity, religious and political innovations, and social stratification. Here, readers will learn about Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, Islam, and Sikhism; the Vedas and Mahabharata; Ashoka and the Mauryan Empire; the Silk Road; the Cholas; Indo-Persian rule; the Mughal Empire; European colonialism; national independence movements; the 1947 Partition of India; the recent rise of Hindu nationalism; the challenges of climate change; and much more. Emphasizing the diversity of human experiences on the subcontinent, the book presents a wide range of voices, including those of women, religious minorities, lower classes, and other marginalized groups. You cannot understand India today without appreciating its deeply contested history, which continues to drive current events and controversies. A comprehensive and innovative book, India is essential reading for anyone who is interested in the past, present, or future of the subcontinent. Audrey Truschke is professor of South Asian history at Rutgers University, Newark. She is the bestselling author of Aurangzeb: The Life and Legacy of India's Most Controversial King and other books.

Much of world history is Indian history. Home today to one in four people, the subcontinent has long been densely populated and deeply connected to Asia, Africa, Europe, and the Americas through migration and trade. In this magisterial history, Audrey Truschke tells the fascinating story of the region historically known as India--which includes today's India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and parts of Afghanistan--and the people who have lived there. A sweeping account of five millennia, from the dawn of the Indus Valley Civilization to the twenty-first century, this engaging and richly textured narrative chronicles the most important political, social, religious, intellectual, and cultural events. And throughout, it describes how the region has been continuously reshaped by its astonishing diversity, religious and political innovations, and social stratification. Here, readers will learn about Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, Islam, and Sikhism; the Vedas and Mahabharata; Ashoka and the Mauryan Empire; the Silk Road; the Cholas; Indo-Persian rule; the Mughal Empire; European colonialism; national independence movements; the 1947 Partition of India; the recent rise of Hindu nationalism; the challenges of climate change; and much more. Emphasizing the diversity of human experiences on the subcontinent, the book presents a wide range of voices, including those of women, religious minorities, lower classes, and other marginalized groups. You cannot understand India today without appreciating its deeply contested history, which continues to drive current events and controversies. A comprehensive and innovative book, India is essential reading for anyone who is interested in the past, present, or future of the subcontinent. Audrey Truschke is professor of South Asian history at Rutgers University, Newark. She is the bestselling author of Aurangzeb: The Life and Legacy of India's Most Controversial King and other books. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/indian-religions

Much of world history is Indian history. Home today to one in four people, the subcontinent has long been densely populated and deeply connected to Asia, Africa, Europe, and the Americas through migration and trade. In this magisterial history, Audrey Truschke tells the fascinating story of the region historically known as India--which includes today's India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and parts of Afghanistan--and the people who have lived there. A sweeping account of five millennia, from the dawn of the Indus Valley Civilization to the twenty-first century, this engaging and richly textured narrative chronicles the most important political, social, religious, intellectual, and cultural events. And throughout, it describes how the region has been continuously reshaped by its astonishing diversity, religious and political innovations, and social stratification. Here, readers will learn about Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, Islam, and Sikhism; the Vedas and Mahabharata; Ashoka and the Mauryan Empire; the Silk Road; the Cholas; Indo-Persian rule; the Mughal Empire; European colonialism; national independence movements; the 1947 Partition of India; the recent rise of Hindu nationalism; the challenges of climate change; and much more. Emphasizing the diversity of human experiences on the subcontinent, the book presents a wide range of voices, including those of women, religious minorities, lower classes, and other marginalized groups. You cannot understand India today without appreciating its deeply contested history, which continues to drive current events and controversies. A comprehensive and innovative book, India is essential reading for anyone who is interested in the past, present, or future of the subcontinent. Audrey Truschke is professor of South Asian history at Rutgers University, Newark. She is the bestselling author of Aurangzeb: The Life and Legacy of India's Most Controversial King and other books. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/book-of-the-day

From boasting of a lone International Master (IM) in Manuel Aaron in 1962, India has come a long way in the world of chess, particularly in the last two-and-half decades of the new Millennium. Today, India has 85 Grandmasters, including three women, 23 Woman Grand Masters, 140 International Masters and 42 Woman International Masters while the list of FIDE masters is growing by the day. In the top 10 of any category or age group, Indians figure so prominently that they are second only to the US and China in the men's and women's section respectively. The double-gold at the 2024 Olympiad and India's superb performance in the Candidates added to its growing reputation as a superpower. But if you look from an historic perspective, our champions of today are merely continuing the legacy of a 5,000-year-old tradition which can be traced back to the Indus Valley Civilization when chess (called Chaturanga then) was, among other things, used for war stimulation. According to legend, Ravan's wife Mandodari taught him Chaturanga so that he could plan battle strategies. Later, Chaturanga became Chatrang in Persian and Shatranj in Arabic before travelling to Spain and the rest of the western world. In the modern era, chess is looked at in different ways. A gymnasium of the mind. A cerebral tug-of-war. For India, Anand can be the best reference point to start any debate involving chess. In fact, Indian chess can be neatly divided into Pre-Anand and Post-Anand eras. The Pre-Anand period was nascent with not many players around, no infrastructure to talk about or any support from the government or the private sector. Indian chess style was one of the many variants of the official chess as recognized by the ruling body FIDE. By the time Anand became India's first Grandmaster in 1987 and triggered the post-Anand era, chess was a rapidly growing sport. Let's look at some figures. Till the start of the new Millennium, India had just three GMs with Dibyendu Barua (1991) and Pravin Thipsay (1997) following in the footsteps of Anand. The first decade of the new century produced 20 GMs and the next 10 a staggering 44. The present decade has already witnessed 16 GMs to take the tally to 85. In this episode of BIC Talks, MS Thej Kumar, Aravind Shastry, Manisha Mohite and Saritha M Reddy will be in conversation with Vijay Mruthyunjaya. This is an excerpt from a conversation that took place in the BIC premises in May 2025. Subscribe to the BIC Talks Podcast on your favorite podcast app! BIC Talks is available everywhere, including Apple Podcasts, Spotify, Google Podcasts, Castbox, Overcast, Audible, and Amazon Music.

Kid News This Week: A massive prize is being dangled in front of code-breakers and linguists (you know, those people who are foreign language experts) – how much and for what in this episode. Plus, we give you the BREAKING NEWS about the Indian Army's strike on targets in Pakistan. Also, heard the one about the man who loves snakes so much he's willing to be bitten endlessly? Well, you'll never believe what good is coming out of that “sssssssssssssssussss” love. The world's first human and humanoid robot marathon took place in China – guess who (or what) won?And talk about a wild – or dangerous taxi ride – meet the octopus who jumped on the back of… wait – you gotta listen till the end to hear this one! 

It's one of the most terrifyingly fascinating places on our planet. Ships and planes simply vanish, radios and compasses just stop working, and some even say they've spotted strange objects there. And it's not the one and only Bermuda Triangle. There are at least 11 other mysterious places. So what are they, and how do they form? Ivan T. Sanderson, a writer, a biologist, and a huge fan of the paranormal and inexplicable, traveled a lot and recorded his experiences. What caught his attention the most was where the strangest unexplained things kept happening. That is, disappearing ships and whatnot. He was able to map 12 of these places scattered all over the world. But the weird thing is, 6 of them lie almost perfectly in line above the Equator, and the same goes for the 6 below it... TIMESTAMPS: The Bermuda Triangle 1:11 The Algerian Megaliths 2:14 Mohenjo-Daro 3:02 The Dragon's Triangle 3:44 The Hamakulia Volcano 4:30 Easter Island 4:59 The South Atlantic Anomaly 5:44 Great Zimbabwe 6:20 The Wharton Basin 6:53 The Loyalty Islands 7:27 The North and South Poles 8:06 Theories about these Vile Vortices: Ley lines 8:52 Giant puzzle 9:32 A lot of geologic activity 10:04 #mystery #bermudatriangle #brightside SUMMARY: Besides the paranormal theories of wormholes to another dimension and gates to the underworld, the Bermuda Triangle is really foggy due to methane gas that sometimes makes it impossible for travelers to see, thus making navigation a little tricky too. The Algerian Megaliths are an architectural anomaly, showing just how advanced these people were for a time when we didn't have the technology to help us build stable constructions. Mohenjo-Daro in Pakistan goes way back to the Indus Valley Civilization in 2500 BCE. Like in Algeria, this society was, for some reason, surprisingly advanced when it came to building and urban planning. Heading further east along the same northern line, we arrive in Japan, where the Dragon's Triangle, also called the Devil's Sea, is located. The most astonishing thing about this Vile Vortex is that there's an underwater city dubbed Japan's Atlantis. Located in the Ring of Fire, the next Vile Vortex is the Hamakulia Volcano in Hawaii. Locals treat it with utmost respect as the volcano is believed to have a mysterious power. Now let's head south of the Equator to one of the most isolated places on this planet: Easter Island in Polynesia. This is where you can find nearly 900 Moai statues created by the Rapa Nui people. The South Atlantic Anomaly is a part of Earth where natural radiation flows out of control. Another impressive megalith, this time in Zimbabwe. It was once home to around 20,000 people… but it's now a ghost town. Poor Australia has Vile Vortices on both sides. Heading over to the east, there's the Loyalty Islands. A lot of strange whirlpools were found on this patch of the South Pacific as well as plenty of geologic activity. The North and South Poles are on opposite ends of the planet, but they've got two things in common: ice and odd disappearances. Music by Epidemic Sound https://www.epidemicsound.com/ Subscribe to Bright Side : https://goo.gl/rQTJZz ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Our Social Media: Facebook:   / brightside   Instagram:   / brightgram   5-Minute Crafts Youtube: https://www.goo.gl/8JVmuC Stock materials (photos, footages and other): https://www.depositphotos.com https://www.shutterstock.com https://www.eastnews.ru ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- For more videos and articles visit: http://www.brightside.me/ Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Fluent Fiction - Hindi: How Stories and Heritage Found Their Voice at Humayun's Tomb Find the full episode transcript, vocabulary words, and more:fluentfiction.org/how-stories-and-heritage-found-their-voice-at-humayuns-tomb Story Transcript:Hi: दिल्ली की ताज़ा शाम थी और हवा में दीपावली की हल्की-सी गंध थी।En: It was a fresh evening in Delhi, and there was a faint aroma of Diwali in the air.Hi: हुमायूँ का मकबरा, अपने शाही वैभव के साथ, एक अद्भुत दृश्य प्रस्तुत कर रहा था।En: Humayun's Tomb, with its royal grandeur, was presenting a magnificent view.Hi: इस पूरे दृश्य को और सुंदर बना रहा था सांस्कृतिक महोत्सव, जिसमें नृत्य, संगीत और कला के स्टॉल लगा हुए थे।En: Enhancing this entire scene was a cultural festival, where stalls of dance, music, and art were set up.Hi: इस उत्सव के केंद्र में था आरव।En: At the center of this festival was Aarav.Hi: आरव एक इतिहास प्रेमी और मकबरे का टूर गाइड था।En: Aarav was a history enthusiast and a tour guide of the tomb.Hi: वह चाहता था कि लोग उसकी बात सुनें और हमारे सांस्कृतिक धरोहर की सुरक्षा पर विचार करें।En: He wanted people to listen to him and consider the preservation of our cultural heritage.Hi: लेकिन समस्या थी - लोगों का ध्यान आकर्षित करना।En: But the problem was attracting people's attention.Hi: शोर गुल और उत्सव की हलचल में उसकी बात कोई नहीं सुन रहा था।En: Amidst the noise and commotion of the festival, no one was listening to him.Hi: दूसरी तरफ थी मीरा, जो शहर की जीवन धारा को अपने कैमरे में कैद करने आयी थी।En: On the other hand, there was Meera, who had come to capture the city's vibe with her camera.Hi: उसे अपनी नई परियोजना के लिए प्रेरणा चाहिए थी।En: She needed inspiration for her new project.Hi: लेकिन जब वह फोटो खींचने लगी, तो उसका कैमरा काम करना बंद कर दिया।En: But as she started taking photos, her camera stopped working.Hi: यह उसके लिए बड़ा संकट था।En: This was a big crisis for her.Hi: आरव ने सोचा कि केवल तथ्यों से काम नहीं चलेगा।En: Aarav thought that facts alone would not suffice.Hi: उसने कहानियों का सहारा लेने का निश्चय किया।En: He decided to rely on stories.Hi: और जैसे ही वह शुरू हुआ, एक अनमोल धारा सिंधु घाटी सभ्यता से होते हुए, मुगलकाल और हुमायूँ की रोमांचक कहानियाँ सुनाता गया।En: And as soon as he began, he narrated a priceless stream of tales from the Indus Valley Civilization to the Mughal Era and Humayun's thrilling stories.Hi: उसकी बातों में ऐसा एक जादू था कि लोग खिंचे चले आए।En: There was such magic in his words that people were drawn in.Hi: मीरा, अपनी निराशा में, उसके पास जाकर खड़ी हो गई।En: Meera, in her disappointment, stood next to him.Hi: आरव की कहानियों ने उसे इतना प्रभावित किया कि वह भी श्रोताओं में शामिल हो गई।En: Aarav's stories impressed her so much that she joined the audience.Hi: उसे लगा कि शब्दों और स्मृतियों में भी गहरी शक्ति है, जो कैमरे की तस्वीरों से कहीं अधिक दूर तक ले जा सकती हैं।En: She realized that words and memories also have a profound power that can take you much farther than the pictures from a camera.Hi: जल्दी ही आरव का सपना साकार हुआ।En: Soon, Aarav's dream came true.Hi: लोग उसकी बात सुनकर सांस्कृतिक धरोहर के महत्व को समझने लगे।En: People began to understand the importance of cultural heritage by listening to him.Hi: मीरा ने महसूस किया कि कहानियों और स्मृतियों को शब्दों में पिरोने का भी अपना एक अलग आनंद होता है।En: Meera felt that weaving stories and memories into words has its own unique joy.Hi: उत्सव के अंत में, आरव को न केवल सम्मान मिला, बल्कि उसके आत्मविश्वास ने भी उड़ान भरी।En: At the end of the festival, Aarav not only gained respect but his confidence soared as well.Hi: मीरा ने उसके अनुभवों को कहानी के रूप में लिखने का निश्चय किया।En: Meera decided to write his experiences in the form of a story.Hi: इस वाकिये ने न केवल आरव को एक प्रभावशाली कहानीकार बनाया, बल्कि मीरा को नए दृष्टिकोण से अपने काम को समझने और अपनाने में मदद की।En: This incident not only made Aarav an influential storyteller but also helped Meera understand and adopt her work from a new perspective.Hi: दोनों ने यह सीखा कि कहानियों की शक्ति हर बाधा को पार कर सकती है।En: Both learned that the power of stories can overcome every obstacle.Hi: संध्या के अंत में, हुमायूँ का मकबरा अपनी रोशनी में और भी चमकने लगा।En: By the end of the evening, Humayun's Tomb shone even brighter in its light.Hi: दीपों की लौ में जलती रात ने दो व्यक्तियों को एक नया दृष्टिकोण और नई दिशा दी थी।En: The night, lit by the flames of the lamps, gave two individuals a new perspective and a new direction. Vocabulary Words:faint: हल्की-सीaroma: गंधgrandeur: वैभवmagnificent: अद्भुतenhancing: सुंदर बना रहाstalls: स्टॉलenthusiast: प्रेमीpreservation: सुरक्षाcommotion: हलचलvibe: जीवन धाराinspiration: प्रेरणाcrisis: संकटsuffice: काम चलनाnarrated: सुनानाpriceless: अनमोलthrilling: रोमांचकprofound: गहरीsoared: उड़ान भरीinfluential: प्रभावशालीovercome: पार करनाobstacle: बाधाflames: लौcapture: कैदconsider: विचार करेंrealized: महसूस कियाweaving: पिरोनेperspective: दृष्टिकोणunique: अलगmemories: स्मृतियाँunderstand: समझने

The Indus Valley Civilization was a cultural and political entity which flourished in the northern region of the Indian subcontinent between c. 7000 - c. 600 BCE. Its modern name derives from its location in the valley of the Indus River, but it is also commonly referred to as the Indus-SarasvatiCivilization and the Harrapan Civilization. These latter designations come from the Sarasvati River mentioned in Vedic sources, which flowed adjacent to the Indus River, and the ancient city of Harappa in the region, the first one found in the modern era. None of these names derive from any ancient texts because, although scholars generally believe the people of this civilization developed a writing system (known as Indus Script or Harappan Script) it has not yet been deciphered. Article written by JoshuaJ Mark and narrated by Lianne Walker

Step into a provocative discourse about Human Sacrifice with our host Rico Rocks and special guest Nick B. Engage in a thorough examination of this chilling practice, engrained in the fabric of human history and still casting a long shadow in contemporary society. We delve beyond terror and fascination, exploring the disturbing 'sacrifice market model' that may be running our world. Be a part of this open discussion and ponder over the true meaning of sacrifice and its symbolism in our lives. This episode is sure to provoke introspection, stimulate thought and initiate a journey of self-realization. Explore the brutal yet intriguing narratives of human sacrifice from Ancient Mayan to modern day suicide bombers. Contemplate morality, societal order, and our civilization's fascination with death. Witness alarming links between human sacrifice and various facets of society - sports, war, food industry, pharmaceuticals, and governments, leaving you questioning established norms and conventions. Walk with us through the gruesome pages of human history - Ancient Egypt, Inca, Rome, 20th century Japan and beyond. Uncover sinister practices, ranging from children's sacrifices by the Inca to horrific norms in West African Kingdom of Dehomi, isolated communities of Hawaii, the ancient Moche people of Peru, and Vikings' sacrificial slaughter of slaves. This is not just an overview, but a vivid recounting of sacrifices in key eras such as the Carthaginian infanticide, Mongol invasions and the Indus Valley Civilization, right through to current-day crises in Tanzania and the prehistoric European era. This intense review seeks to offer an insightful look into the real costs of appeasing gods, proving allegiance, or marking significant societal shifts. Subscribe for more mesmerizing historical accounts that delve deep into the heart of human civilizations.

Archaeology is changing quickly, and few people are playing more of a direct role in the wave of fascinating new studies exploring the Indus Valley Civilization, South Asia, and Iran than Professor Cameron Petrie. We talk about his work on South Asia, the scientific revolution in archaeology, and much more.Patrick's book is now available! Get The Verge: Reformation, Renaissance, and Forty Years that Shook the World in hardcopy, ebook, or audiobook (read by Patrick) here: https://bit.ly/PWverge. And check out Patrick's new podcast The Pursuit of Dadliness! It's all about “Dad Culture,” and Patrick will interview some fascinating guests about everything from tall wooden ships to smoked meats to comfortable sneakers to history, sports, culture, and politics. https://bit.ly/PWtPoDListen to new episodes 1 week early, to exclusive seasons 1 and 2, and to all episodes ad free with Wondery+. Join Wondery+ for exclusives, binges, early access, and ad free listening. Available in the Wondery App https://wondery.app.link/tidesofhistorySee Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

Mohenjo-daro, once the big cheese of the Indus Valley Civilization, was rocking from around 2500 to 1700 BCE with a massive population of 40,000 peeps. But then, bam! Things took a mysterious turn, and the city's fate became one big question mark. People vanished, and Mohenjo-daro was left deserted, leaving archaeologists scratching their heads. But hold the phone—scientists might just be onto something with their theories about what went down next. Talk about a history cliffhanger, right? Credit: CC BY-SA 3.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/... Mohenjodaro: Saqib Qayyum, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi... Moenjodaro: Usman.pg, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi... Mohenjodaro: Saqib Qayyum, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi... Dancing Girl: Joe Ravi, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi... TheTokl: Hangzhou, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi... Hangzhou, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi... Tiandu Cheng: Aintneo, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi... Moenjodaro: Junhi Han, CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO https://creativecommons.org/licenses/..., https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi... CC BY-SA 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/... Ford Motor Company: McGhiever, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi... MNXANL: Sky-City, with Anonymous artist, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi... South Entrance of L'avenue des Champs-Élysées at Tianducheng, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi... Tianducheng, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi... Tiandu Park, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi... Animation is created by Bright Side. #brightside ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Music by Epidemic Sound https://www.epidemicsound.com Check our Bright Side podcast on Spotify and leave a positive review! https://open.spotify.com/show/0hUkPxD... Subscribe to Bright Side: https://goo.gl/rQTJZz ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Our Social Media: Facebook:   / brightside   Instagram:   / brightside.official   TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@brightside.of... Stock materials (photos, footages and other): https://www.depositphotos.com https://www.shutterstock.com https://www.eastnews.ru ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- For more videos and articles visit: http://www.brightside.me Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

The world's climate isn't stable, but how can we understand climate change in the past? Dr. Alena Giesche is an expert on ancient climates, and she explains both how the field of paleoclimate studies works and its application to a massive issue: the fall of the Indus Valley Civilization, a topic on which she's spent years working.Patrick's book is now available! Get The Verge: Reformation, Renaissance, and Forty Years that Shook the World in hardcopy, ebook, or audiobook (read by Patrick) here: https://bit.ly/PWverge. And check out Patrick's new podcast The Pursuit of Dadliness! It's all about “Dad Culture,” and Patrick will interview some fascinating guests about everything from tall wooden ships to smoked meats to comfortable sneakers to history, sports, culture, and politics. https://bit.ly/PWtPoDListen to new episodes 1 week early, to exclusive seasons 1 and 2, and to all episodes ad free with Wondery+. Join Wondery+ for exclusives, binges, early access, and ad free listening. Available in the Wondery App https://wondery.app.link/tidesofhistorySee Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

The Indus Valley Civilization is one of the most enigmatic, sophisticated, and compelling ancient societies. For seven centuries, it thrived in the western portions of South Asia, building enormous mud-brick cities without domination by ruling kings or elites. But then, over the course of several hundred years, the IVC slowly disintegrated. Why?Patrick's book is now available! Get The Verge: Reformation, Renaissance, and Forty Years that Shook the World in hardcopy, ebook, or audiobook (read by Patrick) here: https://bit.ly/PWverge. And check out Patrick's new podcast The Pursuit of Dadliness! It's all about “Dad Culture,” and Patrick will interview some fascinating guests about everything from tall wooden ships to smoked meats to comfortable sneakers to history, sports, culture, and politics. https://bit.ly/PWtPoDListen to new episodes 1 week early, to exclusive seasons 1 and 2, and to all episodes ad free with Wondery+. Join Wondery+ for exclusives, binges, early access, and ad free listening. Available in the Wondery App https://wondery.app.link/tidesofhistorySee Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

EPISODE 103 | Down in Bermuda, It's Easy to Believe – The Devil's Triangle Back in the 70s, the Bermuda Triangle was all over the place but today, not so much. Whatever happened with that? Did it go away? Was it debunked? Or did the woosphere simply get bored and move on to juicer subjects?  A bit of both. Plus, the are lots of other supposed interesting/mysterious/dangerous triangles out there. They do have sharp corners, after all.  Like what we do? Then buy us a beer or three via our page on Buy Me a Coffee. #ConspiracyClearinghouse #sharingiscaring #donations #support #buymeacoffee You can also SUBSCRIBE to this podcast. Review us here or on IMDb! SECTIONS 02:29 - New Frontier - How it all starts: Edward Van Winkle Jones gets the ball rolling in 1950, Allan W. Eckert picks it up in 1952, Vincent Gaddis expands the idea in 1962, as does John Wallace Spencer in 1969, and in 1974, Charles Berlitz and Richard Winer go all in on the Triangle; Larry Kusche thoroughly debunks it all in 1975, Hitchens' Razor and the Sagan Standard (ECREE) 11:31 - Strange Brew - Cayce's people weigh in as do plenty of other knowledge garglers, better woo comes along, Lloyds of London investigates, Gian J. Quasar tries to revive Triangle interest in the Noughties 15:17 - Your Haunted Head - The Sargasso Sea - an oceanic gyre surrounded by four currents, Donald Crowhurst gets stuck there and goes insane 19:36 - Long Way Down - Ocean farts, the Gulf Stream, the Milwaukee Deep, the agonic line and the North Poles (both true and magnetic) 24:59 - Hunting High and Low - The Dragon's Triangle near Japan, Ivan Sanderson develops his Twelve Vile Vortices theory: 27:31 - "Hamkulia Volcano", Hawaii; the Ring of Fire 29:14 - Jeddars in the Atlas Mountains, Algeria; fungoid rock art in the Tassili n'Ajjer  29:57 - Mohenjo-daro in the Indus Valley, ancient nuclear war, chicken city 34:00 - The Wharton Basin, Indian Ocean, Flight MH370 34:44 - The Loyalty Islands, New Caledonia; Sandy Island 35:52 - Easter Island, Rapa Nui,  Szukalski's Zermatism, Miroljub Petrović 37:26 - The Southern Atlantic Anomaly, the Mozambique Channel  38:22 - Fever to Tell - Ley lines, Ramsey's Theorem, the Bridgewater Triangle near Boston (home of the  Pukwudgie), the Bennington Triangle in Vermont, the Nevada Triangle, the Lake Michigan Triangle and yet another "America's Stonehenge" 41:45 - The Marysburgh Vortex in Lake Ontario, the Matlock Triangle and Falkirk Triangle in the UK, the Broad Haven Triangle in Wales, the Hoia Forest in Romania 42:47 - The Mapimí Silent Zone in Mexico's Chihuahuan desert  Music by Fanette Ronjat More Info Sea's Puzzles Still Baffle Men In Pushbutton Age by Edward Van Winkle Jones, Miami Herland, 1950 Sea Mystery at our Back Door by George X. Sand, Fate Magazine, 1952 The Mystery of the Lost Patrol by Allan W. Eckert, American Legion Magazine, April 1962, page 12 The Deadly Bermuda Triangle by Vincent Gaddis, The Argosy, February 1964 Invisible Horizons True Mysteries of the Sea by Vincent Gaddis Limbo of the Lost by John Wallace Spencer The Bermuda Triangle by Charles Berlitz The Devils' Triangle by Richard Winer The Devil's Triangle 2 by Richard Winer From the Devil's Triangle to the Devil's Jaw by Richard Winer Bermuda Triangle Mystery - Solved by Larry Kusche The Case of the Bermuda Triangle episode of NOVA What is the Bermuda Triangle? on the National Oceanic Service website Bermuda Triangle on Britannica What Is Known (and Not Known) About the Bermuda Triangle on Britannica Bermuda Triangle: Where Facts Disappear on LiveScience Into the Bermuda Triangle: Pursuing the Truth Behind the World's Greatest Mystery by Gian Quasar Mysteries of the Sargasso Sea in The Bermudian The Mystery on the Sargasso on How Stuff Works Donald Crowhurst: The fake round-the-world sailing story behind The Mercy in Yachting World They Went to Sea in a Sieve, They Did by Shannon Proudfoot on Big Reads Off the Deep End: A History of Madness at Sea by Nic Compton Bermuda Triangle mystery solved? It's a load of gas on The Age 7 Chilling Conspiracy Theories About the Bermuda Triangle in Popular Mechanics Down in the Milwaukee Deep  Magnetic Declination Varies Considerably Across The United States on USGS The Bermuda Triangle Mystery Delusion: Looking Back after Forty Years by Larry Kuche for Skeptical Inquirer Mysterious waters: from the Bermuda Triangle to the Devil's Sea on CNN Beyond the Bermuda Triangle: The Devil's Sea documentary video Unexplained Mystery: The Devil's Sea – The Dragon's Triangle on Marine Insight The Vile Vortices Of Ivan T. Sanderson on History Daily Vile Vortices Part 2 – Hamakulia on CryptoVille Algeria's ancient pyramid tombs still shrouded in mystery on France24 What Happened to Mohenjo Daro? on Wonderopolis Rediscovering the lost city of Mohenjo Daro on National Geographic Uncovering the Secrets of the Indus Valley Civilization and Its Undeciphered Script The Mythical Massacre at Mohenjo-Daro Top Things to Do in the Loyalty Islands Now You See It, Now You Don't - Finland Doesn't Exist episode The Secrets of Easter Island on Smithsonian Easter Island - the Mystery of the Moai on Mountain Kingdoms Rapa Nui on IMDb What Lies Beneath - The Hollow Earth episode including Zermatism Weird behavior of Earth's magnetic field over South Atlantic dates back 11 million years NASA Is Tracking a Huge, Growing Anomaly in Earth's Magnetic Field  10 Mozambique Channel Facts You Might Not Know Madagascar's Menagerie Floated from Africa from the University of Hong Kong It Happens Here: A look at the 'weirdness' of the Bridgewater Triangle Bennington Triangle, Vermont on Legends of America Mysteries of Flight: The Nevada Triangle Lake Michigan Triangle on Atlas Obscura What Is the Great Lakes Triangle? classroom activity Stonehenge-like Structure Found Under Lake Michigan ‘Strange things out there': Inside Lake Ontario's ‘Bermuda Triangle' The Great Lakes and the mystery of the Marysburgh Vortex Gateway to Oblivion: The Great Lakes' Bermuda Triangle by Hugh F. Cochrane The Falkirk Triangle in Scotland Why Is a Small Village in Scotland the UK's UFO Hotspot? What's inside Hoia Baciu Forest, the world's most haunted forest? Romania's Bermuda Triangle: The Creepy Hoia Forest of Transylvania What does the Mexican Bermuda Triangle look like Enter The Mapimi Zone Of Silence: Where Science Fiction Meets Reality The Zone of Silence in Northern Mexico: scientific marvel or just fiction? Zone Of Silence Mexico video Mexico: UFOs, magnetism, army: The strange zone of silence Follow us on social: Facebook Twitter Other Podcasts by Derek DeWitt DIGITAL SIGNAGE DONE RIGHT - Winner of a 2022 Gold Quill Award, 2022 Gold MarCom Award, 2021 AVA Digital Award Gold, 2021 Silver Davey Award, 2020 Communicator Award of Excellence, and on numerous top 10 podcast lists.  PRAGUE TIMES - A city is more than just a location - it's a kaleidoscope of history, places, people and trends. This podcast looks at Prague, in the center of Europe, from a number of perspectives, including what it is now, what is has been and where it's going. It's Prague THEN, Prague NOW, Prague LATER

इस हफ़्ते सिंधु घाटी सभ्यता की सैर लेखक और कलाकार निखिल गुलाटी के साथ जो हमें इस सभ्यता की कई परिचित-अपरिचित बातों से वाकिफ कराते है।  This week, a delightful conversation with writer-illustrator Nikhil Gulati aka Oddball Comics, who takes us through the many fascinating aspects of the Indus Valley Civilization through his graphic novel ‘The People of the Indus'.  The People of the Indus by Nikhil Gulati with Jonathan Mark Kenoyer https://amzn.eu/d/8VsMDkp Oddball Comics https://www.oddballcomics.in/ *****   related Puliyabaazi  ***** #99 सच की खोज: एक Archaeologist से मुलाक़ात ft. Disha Ahluwalia https://puliyabaazi.in/video/99-sc-kii-khoj-ek-archaeologist-se-mulaaqaat-ft-disha-ahluwalia सभी का ख़ून है शामिल यहाँ की मिट्टी में. We are all foreigners. https://puliyabaazi.in/episode/sbhii-kaa-khhuun-hai-shaamil-yhaa-kii-mittttii-me-we-are-all-foreigners भारतीय भाषाओँ में हमारे अतीत के सुराग़. Clues to our past in Indian languages. https://puliyabaazi.in/episode/bhaartiiy-bhaassaao-me-hmaare-atiit-ke-suraaghh-clues-to-our-past-in-indian-languages ***************** Website: https://puliyabaazi.in Write to us at puliyabaazi@gmail.com  Hosts: @saurabhchandra @pranaykotas @thescribblebee  Puliyabaazi is on these platforms: Twitter: @puliyabaazi  Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/puliyabaazi/ Subscribe & listen to the podcast on iTunes, Google Podcasts, Castbox, AudioBoom, YouTube, Spotify or any other podcast appSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Beating all odds, as a young female student, in a country ruled by men, archeologist and writer Parveen Talpur single-handedly set wheels in motion for the establishment of the Department of Archeology at the University in Karachi, Pakistan. She went on to Cornell University, where she worked on decipherment of the ancient script from the Indus Valley Civilization, and publish a few books. Parveen tells us about her mother Zeib, who as a newly married woman lived in purdah (women's segregation). After giving birth to six children, Zeib moved with her family to the city, received education and started writing stories of the women in her village. Hear Parveen's inspiring sotry of determination, and Zeib's story of cher hange  – relatively late in life - from a simple village girl to an open-minded city woman. In this beautiful and informative conversation, Parveen shares Zeib's lessons on determination; it never being too late for personal evolution; fighting for women's rights, whatever the circumstances; and the magic of storytelling. You can learn more about Parveen and her work on her website.  To learn more about Parveen's writing retreat in Greece, please visit here. To subscribe to Ana's new "Mama Loves…” newsletter, please go here.  To learn more about "Thank You, mama" creative writing workshop, visit here. To contact Ana, to be a guest, or suggest a guest, please send your mail to: info@thankyoumama.net For more about “Thank You, Mama", please visit: http://www.thankyoumama.net To connect with Ana on social media: https://www.instagram.com/anatajder/ https://www.facebook.com/ana.tajder https://www.linkedin.com/in/anatajder/ https://twitter.com/tajder

One of the hardest parts of telling any history, is which innovations are significant enough to warrant mention. Too much, and the history is so vast that it can't be told. Too few, and it's incomplete. Arguably, no history is ever complete. Yet there's a critical path of innovation to get where we are today, and hundreds of smaller innovations that get missed along the way, or are out of scope for this exact story. Children have probably been placing sand into buckets to make sandcastles since the beginning of time. Bricks have survived from round 7500BC in modern-day Turkey where humans made molds to allow clay to dry and bake in the sun until it formed bricks. Bricks that could be stacked. And it wasn't long before molds were used for more. Now we can just print a mold on a 3d printer.   A mold is simply a block with a hollow cavity that allows putting some material in there. People then allow it to set and pull out a shape. Humanity has known how to do this for more than 6,000 years, initially with lost wax casting with statues surviving from the Indus Valley Civilization, stretching between parts of modern day Pakistan and India. That evolved to allow casting in gold and silver and copper and then flourished in the Bronze Age when stone molds were used to cast axes around 3,000 BCE. The Egyptians used plaster to cast molds of the heads of rulers. So molds and then casting were known throughout the time of the earliest written works and so the beginning of civilization. The next few thousand years saw humanity learn to pack more into those molds, to replace objects from nature with those we made synthetically, and ultimately molding and casting did its part on the path to industrialization. As we came out of the industrial revolution, the impact of all these technologies gave us more and more options both in terms of free time as humans to think as well as new modes of thinking. And so in 1868 John Wesley Hyatt invented injection molding, patenting the machine in 1872. And we were able to mass produce not just with metal and glass and clay but with synthetics. And more options came but that whole idea of a mold to avoid manual carving and be able to produce replicas stretched back far into the history of humanity. So here we are on the precipice of yet another world-changing technology becoming ubiquitous. And yet not. 3d printing still feels like a hobbyists journey rather than a mature technology like we see in science fiction shows like Star Trek with their replicators or printing a gun in the Netflix show Lost In Space. In fact the initial idea of 3d printing came from a story called Things Pass By written all the way back in 1945! I have a love-hate relationship with 3D printing. Some jobs just work out great. Others feel very much like personal computers in the hobbyist era - just hacking away until things work. It's usually my fault when things go awry. Just as it was when I wanted to print things out on the dot matrix printer on the Apple II. Maybe I fed the paper crooked or didn't check that there was ink first or sent the print job using the wrong driver. One of the many things that could go wrong.  But those fast prints don't match with the reality of leveling and cleaning nozzles and waiting for them to heat up and pulling filament out of weird places (how did it get there, exactly)! Or printing 10 add-ons for a printer to make it work the way it probably should have out of the box.  Another area where 3d printing is similar to the early days of the personal computer revolution is that there are a few different types of technology in use today. These include color-jet printing (CJP), direct metal printing (DMP), fused deposition modeling (FDM), Laser Additive Manufacturing (LAM, multi-jet printing (MJP), stereolithography (SLA), selective laser melting (SLM), and selective laser sintering (SLS). Each could be better for a given type of print job to be done. Some forms have flourished while others are either their infancy or have been abandoned like extinct languages. Language isolates are languages that don't fit into other families. Many are the last in a branch of a larger language family tree. Others come out of geographically isolated groups. Technology also has isolates. Konrad Zuse built computers in pre-World War II Germany and after that aren't considered to influence other computers. In other words, every technology seems to have a couple of false starts. Hideo Kodama filed the first patent to 3d print in 1980 - but his method of using UV lights to harden material doesn't get commercialized.  Another type of 3d printing includes printers that were inkjets that shot metal alloys onto surfaces. Inkjet printing was invented by Ichiro Endo at Canon in the 1950s, supposedly when he left a hot iron on a pen and ink bubbled out. Thus the “Bubble jet” printer. And Jon Vaught at HP was working on the same idea at about the same time. These were patented and used to print images from computers over the coming decades. Johannes Gottwald patented a printer like this in 1971. Experiments continued through the 1970s when companies like Exxon were trying to improve various prototyping processes. Some of their engineers joined an inventor Robert Howard in the early 1980s to found a company called Howtek and they produced the Pixelmaster, using hot-melt inks to increment the ink jet with solid inks, which then went on to be used by Sanders Prototype, which evolved into a company called Solidscape to market the Modelmaker. And some have been used to print solar cells, living cells, tissue, and even edible birthday cakes. That same technique is available with a number of different solutions but isn't the most widely marketable amongst the types of 3D printers available. SLA There's often a root from which most technology of the day is derived. Charles, or Chuck, Hull coined the term stereolithography, where he could lay down small layers of an object and then cure the object with UV light, much as the dentists do with fillings today. This is made possibly by photopolymers, or plastics that are easily cured by an ultraviolet light. He then invented the stereolithography apparatus, or SLA for short, a machine that printed from the bottom to the top by focusing a laser on photopolymer while in a liquid form to cure the plastic into place. He worked on it in 1983, filed the patent in 1984, and was granted the patent in 1986.  Hull also developed a file format for 3D printing called STL. STL files describe the surface of a three-dimensional object, geometrically using Cartesian coordinates. Describing coordinates and vectors means we can make objects bigger or smaller when we're ready to print them. 3D printers print using layers, or slices. Those can change based on the filament on the head of a modern printer, the size of the liquid being cured, and even the heat of a nozzle. So the STL file gets put into a slicer that then converts the coordinates on the outside to the polygons that are cured. These are polygons in layers, so they may appear striated rather than perfectly curved according to the size of the layers. However, more layers take more time and energy. Such is the evolution of 3D printing. Hull then founded a company called 3D Systems in Valencia California to take his innovation to market. They sold their first printer, the SLA-1 in 1988. New technologies start out big and expensive. And that was the case with 3D Systems. They initially sold to large engineering companies but when solid-state lasers came along in 1996 they were able to provide better systems for cheaper.  Languages also have other branches. Another branch in 3d printing came in 1987, just before the first SLA-1 was sold.  Carl Deckard  and his academic adviser Joe Beaman at the University of Texas worked on a DARPA grant to experiment with creating physical objects with lasers. They formed a company to take their solution to market called DTM and filed a patent for what they called selective laser sintering. This compacts and hardens a material with a heat source without having to liquify it. So a laser, guided by a computer, can move around a material and harden areas to produce a 3D model. Now in addition to SLA we had a second option, with the release of the Sinterstation 2500plus. Then 3D Systems then acquired DTM for $45 million in 2001. FDM After Hull published his findings for SLA and created the STL format, other standards we use today emerged. FDM is short for Fused Deposition Modeling and was created by Scott Crump in 1989. He then started a company with his wife Lisa to take the product to market, taking the company public in 1994. Crump's first patent expired in 2009.  In addition to FDM, there are other formats and techniques. AeroMat made the first 3D printer that could produce metal in 1997. These use a laser additive manufacturing process, where lasers fuse powdered titanium alloys. Some go the opposite direction and create out of bacteria or tissue. That began in 1999, when Wake Forest Institute of Regenerative medicine grew a 3D printed urinary bladder in a lab to be used as a transplant. We now call this bioprinting and can take tissue and lasers to rebuild damaged organs or even create a new organ. Organs are still in their infancy with success trials on smaller animals like rabbits. Another aspect is printing dinner using cell fibers from cows or other animals. There are a number of types of materials used in 3D printing. Most printers today use a continuous feed of one of these filaments, or small coiled fibers of thermoplastics that melt instead of burn when they're heated up. The most common in use today is PLA, or polylactic acid, is a plastic initially created by Wall Carothers of DuPont, the same person that brought us nylon, neoprene, and other plastic derivatives. It typically melts between 200 and 260 degrees Celsius. Printers can also take ABS filament, which is short for acrylonitrile-butadien-styerene. Other filament types include HIPS, PET, CPE, PVA, and their derivative forms.  Filament is fed into a heated extruder assembly that melts the plastic. Once melted, filament extrudes into place through a nozzle as a motor sends the nozzle on a x and y axis per layer.  Once a layer of plastic is finished being delivered to the areas required to make up the desired slice, the motor moves the extruder assembly up or down on a z axis between layers. Filament is just between 1.75 millimeters and 3 millimeters and comes in spools between half a kilogram and two kilograms. These thermoplastics cool very quickly. Once all of the slices are squirted into place, the print is removed from the bed and the nozzle cools off. Filament comes in a number of colors and styles. For example, wood fibers can be added to filament to get a wood-grained finish. Metal can be added to make prints appear metallic and be part metal.  Printing isn't foolproof, though. Filament often gets jammed or the spool gets stuck, usually when something goes wrong. Filament also needs to be stored in a temperature and moisture controlled location or it can cause jobs to fail. Sometimes the software used to slice the .stl file has an incorrect setting, like the wrong size of filament. But in general, 3D printing using the FDM format is pretty straight forward these days. Yet this is technology that should have moved faster in terms of adoption. The past 10 years have seen more progress than the previous ten though. Primarily due to the maker community. Enter the Makers The FDM patent expired in 2009. In 2005, a few years before the FDM patent expired, Dr. Adrian Bowyer started a project to bring inexpensive 3D printers to labs and homes around the world. That project evolved into what we now call the Replicating Rapid Prototyper, or RepRap for short.  RepRap evolved into an open source concept to create self-replicating 3D printers and by 2008, the Darwin printer was the first printer to use RepRap. As a community started to form, more collaborators designed more parts. Some were custom parts to improve the performance of the printer, or replicate the printer to become other printers. Others held the computing mechanisms in place. Some even wrote code to make the printer able to boot off a MicroSD card and then added a network interface so files could be uploaded to the printer wirelessly. There was a rising tide of printers. People were reading about what 3D printers were doing and wanted to get involved. There was also a movement in the maker space, so people wanted to make things themselves. There was a craft to it. Part of that was wanting to share. Whether that was at a maker space or share ideas and plans and code online. Like the RepRap team had done.  One of those maker spaces was NYC Resistor, founded in 2007. Bre Pettis, Adam Mayer, and Zach Smith from there took some of the work from the RepRap project and had ideas for a few new projects they'd like to start. The first was a site that Zach Smith created called Thingiverse. Bre Pettis joined in and they allowed users to upload .stl files and trade them. It's now the largest site for trading hundreds of thousands of designs to print about anything imaginable. Well, everything except guns. Then comes 2009. The patent for FDM expires and a number of companies respond by launching printers and services. Almost overnight the price for a 3D printer fell from $10,000 to $1,000 and continued to drop. Shapeways had created a company the year before to take files and print them for people. Pettis, Mayer, and Smith from NYC Resistor also founded a company called MakerBot Industries. They'd already made a little bit of a name for themselves with the Thingiverse site. They knew the mind of a maker. And so they decided to make a kit to sell to people that wanted to build their own printers. They sold 3,500 kits in the first couple of years. They had a good brand and knew the people who bought these kinds of devices. So they took venture funding to grow the company. So they raised $10M in funding in 2011 in a round led by the Foundry Group, along with Bezos, RRE, 500 Startups and a few others. They hired and grew fast. Smith left in 2012 and they were getting closer and closer with Stratasys, who if we remember were the original creators of FDM. So Stratasys ended up buying out the company in 2013 for $403M. Sales were disappointing so there was a changeup in leadership, with Pettis leaving and they've become much more about additive manufacturing than a company built to appeal to makers. And yet the opportunity to own that market is still there. This was also an era of Kickstarter campaigns. Plenty of 3D printing companies launched through kickstarter including some to take PLA (a biodegradable filament) and ABS materials to the next level. The ExtrusionBot, the MagicBox, the ProtoPlant, the Protopasta, Mixture, Plybot, Robo3D, Mantis, and so many more.  Meanwhile, 3D printing was in the news. 2011 saw the University of Southhampton design a 3d printed aircraft. Ecologic printing cars, and practically every other car company following suit that they were fabricating prototypes with 3d printers, even full cars that ran. Some on their own, some accidentally when parts are published in .stl files online violating various patents.  Ultimaker was another RepRap company that came out of the early Darwin reviews. Martijn Elserman, Erik de Bruin, and Siert Wijnia who couldn't get the Darwin to work so they designed a new printer and took it to market. After a few iterations, they came up with the Ultimaker 2 and have since been growing and releasing new printers  A few years later, a team of Chinese makers, Jack Chen, Huilin Liu, Jingke Tang, Danjun Ao, and Dr. Shengui Chen took the RepRap designs and started a company to manufacturing (Do It Yourself) kits called Creality. They have maintained the open source manifesto of 3D printing that they inherited from RepRap and developed version after version, even raising over $33M to develop the Ender6 on Kickstarter in 2018, then building a new factory and now have the capacity to ship well over half a million printers a year. The future of 3D Printing We can now buy 3D printing pens, over 170 3D Printer manufacturers including 3D systems, Stratasys, and Ceality but also down-market solutions like Fusion3, Formlabs, Desktop Metal, Prusa, and Voxel8. There's also a RecycleBot concept and additional patents expiring every year.  There is little doubt that at some point, instead of driving to Home Depot to get screws or basic parts, we'll print them. Need a new auger for the snow blower? Just print it. Cover on the weed eater break?  Print it. Need a dracolich mini for the next Dungeons and Dragons game? Print it. Need a new pinky toe. OK, maybe that's a bit far. Or is it? In 2015, Swedish Cellink releases bio-ink made from seaweed and algae, which could be used to print cartilage and later released the INKREDIBLE 3D printer for bio printing. The market in 2020 was valued at $13.78 billion with 2.1 million printers shipped. That's expected to grow at a compound annual growth rate of 21% for the next few years. But a lot of that is healthcare, automotive, aerospace, and prototyping still. Apple made the personal computer simple and elegant. But no Apple has emerged for 3D printing. Instead it still feels like the Apple II era, where there are 3D printers in a lot of schools and many offer classes on generating files and printing.  3D printers are certainly great for prototypers and additive manufacturing. They're great for hobbyists, which we call makers these days. But there will be a time when there is a printer in most homes, the way we have electricity, televisions, phones, and other critical technologies. But there are a few things that have to happen first, to make the printers easier to use. These include: Every printer needs to automatically level. This is one of the biggest reasons jobs fail and new users become frustrated. More consistent filament. Spools are still all just a little bit different. Printers need sensors in the extruder that detect if a job should be paused because the filament is jammed, humid, or caught. This adds the ability to potentially resume print jobs and waste less filament and time. Automated slicing in the printer microcode that senses the filament and slices. Better system boards (e.g. there's a tool called Klipper that moves the math from the system board on a Creality Ender 3 to a Raspberry Pi). Cameras on the printer should watch jobs and use TinyML to determine if they are going to fail as early as possible to halt printing so it can start over. Most of the consumer solutions don't have great support. Maybe users are limited to calling a place in a foreign country where support hours don't make sense for them or maybe the products are just too much of a hacker/maker/hobbyist solution. There needs to be an option for color printing. This could be a really expensive sprayer or ink like inkjet printers use at first We love to paint minis we make for Dungeons and Dragons but could get amazingly accurate resolutions to create amazing things with automated coloring.  For a real game changer, the RecycleBot concept needs to be merged with the printer. Imagine if we dropped our plastics into a recycling bin that 3D printers of the world used to create filament. This would help reduce the amount of plastics used in the world in general. And when combined with less moving around of cheap plastic goods that could be printed at home, this also means less energy consumed by transporting goods. The 3D printing technology is still a generation or two away from getting truly mass-marketed. Most hobbyists don't necessarily think of building an elegant, easy-to-use solution because they are so experienced it's hard to understand what the barriers of entry are for any old person. But the company who finally manages to crack that nut might just be the next Apple, Microsoft, or Google of the world.

To suggest more topics and to share your feedback, you can write to us on upscradio@gmail.com or to our Whatsapp: +91 9701611244Our Telegram Channel: https://t.me/upscradiodvd

The world media has created a certain perception of Pakistan through exaggeration and agenda-setting. But beyond all of these, lies another Pakistan. A country rich in cultural and traditional diversity, literature, music, and folklore. This country is a melting pot of Indian, Persian, Afghan, Central Asian, South Asian, and Western Asian influences. The history of this land goes back to the Bronze Age in Indus Valley Civilization. With people from diverse backgrounds, languages, and dialects, Pakistan is much more than what we perceive. Let's try to know Pakistan a little better through this episode of Ohh Folk! ______________________ Social Media: Instagram: ohhfolk_podcast | Twitter: OhhFolk_Podcast | Facebook: OhhFolk | ______________________ Credits: *Vocals: Srijoni Biswas *Song Credit: Chhaap Tilak Sab Chheeni | Written and composed by: Hazrat Amir Khusro *Original music score (intro, bumpers, primarily show beds): by Abhishek Papan Dutt *Additional audio clips: All additional music beds used in this episode are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License (reuse allowed) Music: Rabab Music (No Copyright) | Provided By: No Copyright Music Pakistan | Original Link: https://youtu.be/jlOg8L8-Phk Music: Free Balochi Flute Music | Provided by: No Copyright Music Pakistan | Original link: https://youtu.be/E4_ziJbNMss | Visit channel: https://bit.ly/3KXCHSH --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/shilpa-dasgupta/message Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/shilpa-dasgupta/support

Have you heard about the Keeladi excavation? If yes, what were the first thoughts that came into your mind? In this episode of The Filter Koffee Podcast, Karthik is joined by Sowmiya Ashok, Journalist, and Author. Karthik and Sowmiya discuss all possible answers to questions like whether was there second urbanization after the Indus Valley Civilization, what kind of societies took form in the south of India, what language did they speak, and did they pray to any god at all. They also talk about why Keeladi excavations might alter the world's idea of the earliest Indians and some of the myths that this excavation broke.Sit with your coffee, because your sports experience is about to change!This and much more are only on the Filter Koffee Podcast!—Listen to this conversation and don't forget to rate us on Spotify and Apple Podcasts!Tweet to Karthik Nagarajan (@The_Karthik): https://twitter.com/The_Karthik and follow his WordPress handle here (filterkoffee.com).You can listen to this and other incredible shows on the IVM Podcasts app on Android: https://ivm.today/android or iOS: https://ivm.today/ios, or any other podcast app.You can check out our website at http://www.ivmpodcasts.comSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Has the artificial memory already taken a complete possession of the human memory? Have Indians altogether forgotten from where they arrived here? Where does one locate the beginning of India as a civilisation? Does it originate in the Vedas? Does it go back to the Indus civilisation? Was there a civilisation before the Indian mythos emerged? What was India when the Holocene began 12000 years before our time? Why is there politics being constructed around the question of India's origin? This lecture will discuss the need for a People's Report on Indian civilisation and the efforts being made towards preparing such a report. This episode of BIC Talks is an extract from the second of a series of four masterclass lectures by Prof. G N Devy, titled Memory, Culture and The Being of India that took place in the BIC premises in early February 2022. Subscribe to the BIC Talks Podcast on your favourite podcast app!

On this episode we're joined by Akash Srinivas and Durga Kale of the Chippin' Away podcast to review Mohenjo Daro (2016), the story of a simple farmboy's first trip to the big city where he falls in love, discovers his destiny, and saves an entire civilization. Mohenjo Daro was a real city in the Indus Valley, and Akash and Durga help us sift through the real-life archaeological evidence that inspired this film. Listen to Chippin' Away wherever you listen to podcasts: https://chippinaway.buzzsprout.com/ Follow Chippin' Away on Twitter and Instagram @chippinawayind View Akash’s research profile: https://sites.google.com/view/akashsrinivas Follow Akash on Twitter @AkashSrinivas91 Find Durga on LinkedIn at https://www.linkedin.com/in/durgakale/ Follow Durga on Twitter and Instagram @kalemighty Read Durga's Blog: www.kalemighty.com Get in touch with us! Twitter: @SotSA_Podcast Facebook: @SotSAPodcast Letterboxd: https://letterboxd.com/sotsa/ Email: screensofthestoneage@gmail.com In this episode: Learn more about the Indus Valley Civilization at https://www.harappa.com/ Pineapples as a status symbol: https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-53432877 Ancient Harappan DNA: https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/rare-ancient-dna-south-asia-reveals-complexities-little-known-civilization-180973053/ We still can't read Harappan writing: https://www.discovermagazine.com/planet-earth/why-we-still-cant-read-the-writing-of-the-ancient-indus-civilization What does the representation of horses in Mohenjo Daro have to do with debates about Indian ancestry? https://openthemagazine.com/features/history/hold-your-horses/ Harappan Plumbing: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanitation_of_the_Indus_Valley_civilisation Dales & Raikes (1968). The Mohenjo-Daro Floods: A Rejoinder! American Anthropologist, 70(5), 957-961. https://www.jstor.org/stable/669762 Harappan unicorn seals: http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00routesdata/bce_500back/indusvalley/unicorn/unicorn.html The origin of the unicorn myth on Chippin' Away: https://chippinaway.buzzsprout.com/974125/4803332-set-in-stone The Immortals of Meluha by Amish Tripathi: https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/7913305-the-immortals-of-meluha No, Mohenjo Daro was not destroyed by a nuclear explosion: https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1qjp4s/if_the_ancient_civilizations_of_mohenjodaro_and/

On this episode we're joined by Akash Srinivas and Durga Kale of the Chippin' Away podcast to review Mohenjo Daro (2016), the story of a simple farmboy's first trip to the big city where he falls in love, discovers his destiny, and saves an entire civilization. Mohenjo Daro was a real city in the Indus Valley, and Akash and Durga help us sift through the real-life archaeological evidence that inspired this film. Listen to Chippin' Away wherever you listen to podcasts: https://chippinaway.buzzsprout.com/ Follow Chippin' Away on Twitter and Instagram @chippinawayind View Akash's research profile: https://sites.google.com/view/akashsrinivasFollow Akash on Twitter @AkashSrinivas91 Find Durga on LinkedIn at https://www.linkedin.com/in/durgakale/Follow Durga on Twitter and Instagram @kalemighty Read Durga's Blog: www.kalemighty.comGet in touch with us!Twitter: @SotSA_Podcast Facebook: @SotSAPodcastLetterboxd: https://letterboxd.com/sotsa/ Email: screensofthestoneage@gmail.com In this episode:Learn more about the Indus Valley Civilization at https://www.harappa.com/Pineapples as a status symbol: https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-53432877Ancient Harappan DNA: https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/rare-ancient-dna-south-asia-reveals-complexities-little-known-civilization-180973053/ We still can't read Harappan writing: https://www.discovermagazine.com/planet-earth/why-we-still-cant-read-the-writing-of-the-ancient-indus-civilization What does the representation of horses in Mohenjo Daro have to do with debates about Indian ancestry? https://openthemagazine.com/features/history/hold-your-horses/Harappan Plumbing: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanitation_of_the_Indus_Valley_civilisationDales & Raikes (1968). The Mohenjo-Daro Floods: A Rejoinder! American Anthropologist, 70(5), 957-961. https://www.jstor.org/stable/669762Harappan unicorn seals: http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00routesdata/bce_500back/indusvalley/unicorn/unicorn.htmlThe origin of the unicorn myth on Chippin' Away: https://chippinaway.buzzsprout.com/974125/4803332-set-in-stoneThe Immortals of Meluha by Amish Tripathi: https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/7913305-the-immortals-of-meluhaNo, Mohenjo Daro was not destroyed by a nuclear explosion: https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1qjp4s/if_the_ancient_civilizations_of_mohenjodaro_and/

Learn about the advanced Bronze Age culture and civilization located in South Asia.

Welcome to the Knowledge Today Podcast! Each episode, we explore a new and interesting topic. Today, we're talking about the Indus Valley Civilization. Thank you for taking a step towards increasing your cultural literacy. Additional Resources: http://5dmedia.org Donate: https://5dmedia.org/donate

Welcome to episode three of a miniseries focusing on the zooarchaeology of various world regions. This episode is centred around Asian zooarchaeology, focusing on the natural history and anatomy of the most prominent wild and domesticated species found throughout the continent. Tune in to learn how pandas were mistaken for tapirs, grunting oxen and oracle bones. Interested in sponsoring this show or podcast ads for your business? Zencastr makes it really easy! Click this message for more info. Start your own podcast with Zencastr and get 30% off your first three months with code ANIMALS. Click this message for more information. Transcripts For rough transcripts go to https://www.archpodnet.com/animals/48 Links Ameri, M. (2018). Letting the Pictures Speak: An Image-Based Approach to the Mythological and Narrative Imagery of the Harappan World. Seals and Sealing in the Ancient World: Case Studies from the Near East, Egypt, the Aegean, and South Asia, 144. Bose, S. (2020). Mega Mammals in Ancient India: Rhinos, Tigers, and Elephants. Oxford University Press. d'Alpoim Guedes, J., & Aldenderfer, M. (2020). The archaeology of the Early Tibetan Plateau: New research on the initial peopling through the Early Bronze Age. Journal of Archaeological Research, 28(3), 339-392. Harper, D. (2013). The cultural history of the giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) in early China. Early China, 35(36), 2012-13. Kumar, S., Ali, M., & Khoso, P. A. (2020). Emergence and Decline of the Indus Valley Civilization in Pakistan. Global Sociological Review, 2, 9-22. Liu, K. et al. (2021). Radiocarbon dating of oracle bones of late Shang period in ancient China. Radiocarbon, 63(1), 155-175. Liu, Y. C. et al. (2018). Genome-wide evolutionary analysis of natural history and adaptation in the world's tigers. Current Biology, 28(23), 3840-3849. Mohamad, K. et al. (2009). On the origin of Indonesian cattle. PLoS One, 4(5), e5490. Uzzaman, M. R. et al. (2014). Semi-domesticated and Irreplaceable genetic resource gayal (Bos frontalis) needs effective genetic conservation in Bangladesh: a review. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 27(9), 1368. Yang, D.Y. et al. (2008). Wild or domesticated: DNA analysis of ancient water buffalo remains from north China. Journal of Archaeological Science, 35(10), pp.2778-2785. http://trowelblazers.com/zheng-zhenxiang/ Contact Alex FitzpatrickTwitter: @archaeologyfitz Simona FalangaTwitter: @CrazyBoneLady Alex's Blog: Animal Archaeology Music "Coconut - (dyalla remix)" https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_2UiKoouqaY Affiliates Wildnote TeePublic Timeular Motion

Welcome to episode three of a miniseries focusing on the zooarchaeology of various world regions. This episode is centred around Asian zooarchaeology, focusing on the natural history and anatomy of the most prominent wild and domesticated species found throughout the continent. Tune in to learn how pandas were mistaken for tapirs, grunting oxen and oracle bones. Interested in sponsoring this show or podcast ads for your business? Zencastr makes it really easy! Click this message for more info. Start your own podcast with Zencastr and get 30% off your first three months with code ANIMALS. Click this message for more information. Transcripts For rough transcripts of this episode go to https://www.archpodnet.com/animals/48 Links Ameri, M. (2018). Letting the Pictures Speak: An Image-Based Approach to the Mythological and Narrative Imagery of the Harappan World. Seals and Sealing in the Ancient World: Case Studies from the Near East, Egypt, the Aegean, and South Asia, 144. Bose, S. (2020). Mega Mammals in Ancient India: Rhinos, Tigers, and Elephants. Oxford University Press. d'Alpoim Guedes, J., & Aldenderfer, M. (2020). The archaeology of the Early Tibetan Plateau: New research on the initial peopling through the Early Bronze Age. Journal of Archaeological Research, 28(3), 339-392. Harper, D. (2013). The cultural history of the giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) in early China. Early China, 35(36), 2012-13. Kumar, S., Ali, M., & Khoso, P. A. (2020). Emergence and Decline of the Indus Valley Civilization in Pakistan. Global Sociological Review, 2, 9-22. Liu, K. et al. (2021). Radiocarbon dating of oracle bones of late Shang period in ancient China. Radiocarbon, 63(1), 155-175. Liu, Y. C. et al. (2018). Genome-wide evolutionary analysis of natural history and adaptation in the world's tigers. Current Biology, 28(23), 3840-3849. Mohamad, K. et al. (2009). On the origin of Indonesian cattle. PLoS One, 4(5), e5490. Uzzaman, M. R. et al. (2014). Semi-domesticated and Irreplaceable genetic resource gayal (Bos frontalis) needs effective genetic conservation in Bangladesh: a review. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 27(9), 1368. Yang, D.Y. et al. (2008). Wild or domesticated: DNA analysis of ancient water buffalo remains from north China. Journal of Archaeological Science, 35(10), pp.2778-2785. http://trowelblazers.com/zheng-zhenxiang/ Contact Alex FitzpatrickTwitter: @archaeologyfitz Simona FalangaTwitter: @CrazyBoneLady Alex's Blog: Animal Archaeology Music "Coconut - (dyalla remix)" https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_2UiKoouqaY Affiliates Wildnote TeePublic Timeular Motion

Four thousand years ago, the sprawling cities of the Indus Valley Civilization dominated much of South Asia; a millennium after that, however, the cities were in ruins, and new migrants ultimately deriving their ancestry from the Eurasian steppe had established themselves throughout much of the region. These new arrivals have become known as Indo-Aryans, and they left behind some of the earliest writing in an Indo-European language - the texts of the Rigveda.Patrick's book is now available! Get The Verge: Reformation, Renaissance, and Forty Years that Shook the World in hardcopy, ebook, or audiobook (read by Patrick) here: https://bit.ly/PWverge Listen to new episodes 1 week early, to exclusive seasons 1 and 2, and to all episodes ad free with Wondery+. Join Wondery+ for exclusives, binges, early access, and ad free listening. Available in the Wondery App https://wondery.app.link/tidesofhistory.Please support us by supporting our sponsors!See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

The Indus Valley Civilization doesn't get much attention compared to Mesopotamia or Egypt, but it covered an area of a million square kilometers, was home to hundreds of thousands or millions of people and a unified culture, and lasted for the better part of a millennium. More than that, the Indus Civilization doesn't seem to fit the models we have for how early states functioned. Dr. Adam Green of Cambridge University joins me to explain the unusual way in which the Indus Civilization was organized, its lack of powerful elites, and how and why it eventually fell apart.Patrick's book is now available! Get The Verge: Reformation, Renaissance, and Forty Years that Shook the World in hardcopy, ebook, or audiobook (read by Patrick) here: https://bit.ly/PWvergeListen to new episodes 1 week early, to exclusive seasons 1 and 2, and to all episodes ad free with Wondery+. Join Wondery+ for exclusives, binges, early access, and ad free listening. Available in the Wondery App https://wondery.app.link/tidesofhistory.See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

Photo:  The Pashupati seal:  unknown Indus Valley Civilization sealmaker from Mohenjodaro archaeological site.  Mohenjo-daro is an archaeological site in the province of Sindh, Pakistan. Built around 2500 BCE, it was one of the largest settlements of the ancient Indus Valley Civilisation, with features such as standardized bricks, street grids, and covered sewerage systems. #Pakistan: Drama Islamabad.  Husain Haqqani @husainhaqqani, former Pakistani Ambassador to the United States; Hudson Institute. Bill Roggio @FDD RV https://www.nytimes.com/live/2022/04/04/world/imran-khan-pakistan-news#imran-khan-throws-pakistan-into-a-political-crisis-and-his-future-hangs-in-the-balance 

I may have exaggerated in the title, but Mattie does talk about grammar and punctuation and how court cases have been decided on typos and misplaced commas. it might not exactly save your life, but it has cost companies and governments millions of dollars.   Next Austin turns the clock way back. back before even Pliny the Elder. (that's right, Austin can research something without leaning on the genius that is Pliny) and talks about one of the earliest civilizations, The Indus Valley people in North Western India and Pakistan from back in 3000 BCE, and how surprisingly modern they were.   We also talk reality TV. so don't worry, it isn't all archeology and Grammar this episode. we have standards to uphold.   Twitter: @onthetestpod Facebook: Facebook.com/onthetestpod Insta: @onthetestpod onthetestpod.com theme song by https://www.fiverr.com/nilgunozer  

नमस्ते दोस्तों! The Ranveer Show हिंदी के 66th Episode में आप सभी का स्वागत है। आज के Podcast में हमारे साथ जुड़ चुके हैं Abhijit Chavda जो एक बेहतरीन Theoretical Physicist, Astrophysicist, Technologist, History & Geopolitics के Researcher और Writer. इसके अलावा वो Public Speaker, YouTuber, Influential Tweeter, NewsX, Republic TV और Times Now के TV Panelist भी हैं। उनके पास ज्ञान का इतना भंडार है कि उन्हें Polymath बुलाना बिल्कुल गलत नहीं होगा। इस पॉडकास्ट में हम बात करेंगे ढ़ेर सारी बातें History, Ancient Indian History, Harappa Civilization, Mohenjo Daro, Genetics, Archeology, World War, Indian DNA, Eastern European Culture, Ahom Dynasty और Ancient Geopolitics जैसे कई सारे Topics के बारे में। साथ ही साथ हम Discuss करेंगे कि आखिर क्यूं Different Countries में लोग अलग दिखते हैं, Banaras की History क्या है, Eastern European Culture और Indian Culture में क्या फर्क है, India का वो कौन-सा हिस्सा है जिसे Mughal जीत नही पाए थे, Bon Religion का Importance क्या है, Alexander The Great की Real Story क्या है और कैसे King Kanishka ने पूरी दुनिया में Indian Culture को फैला दिया के बारे में और भी ढ़ेर सारी बातें। मैं आशा करता हूँ कि ये Video आप सभी Viewers को पसंद आएगा। खास तौर पर उन सभी को जो History, Archeology, Genetics, Facts और Real Science की जानकारी रखने में Interest रखते हैं। Ancient Indian History, Real Facts About Indian History, Chola Dynasty, Kushan Empire, Ancient Geopolitics, Mohenjo Daro, Harappa Civilization, Northeast History, Tantric Buddhism और Ahom Dynasty जैसी चीज़ों के बारे में हम Discuss करेंगे इस Hindi Podcast में सिर्फ और सिर्फ आपके Favourite BeerBiceps Hindi Channel Ranveer Allahbadia पर.

On this episode of A Life in Ruins, we continue our series on ancient civilization and discuss Indus Valley Civilizations and their precursors. We have Stefan Milo join us to discuss this region. Stefan Milo is a popular Youtuber who has appeared on episodes 20 and 43. He made a video on an Indus Valley Civilization where he discusses the interesting lack of social hierarchy found in this civilization (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kxP1zornb-w). We struggle with geography, time periods, and basically everything in this episode but also discuss social hierarchy/structure. Guest Contact Stefan Milo Email: hello@stefanmilo.com Stefan Milo Instagram: @historysmilo Stefan Milo Youtube: Stefan Milo Stefan Milo Website: HOME | Mysite Stefan Milo Twitter: @Historysmilo Show Contact Email: alifeinruinspodcast@gmail.com Instagram: @alifeinruinspodcast Facebook: @alifeinruinspodcast Twitter: @alifeinruinspod Website: www.alifeinruins.com Ruins on APN: https://www.archaeologypodcastnetwork.com/ruins Store: https://www.redbubble.com/people/alifeinruins/shop ArchPodNet APN Website: https://www.archpodnet.com APN on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/archpodnet APN on Twitter: https://www.twitter.com/archpodnet APN on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/archpodnet Tee Public Store Affiliates Wildnote TeePublic Timeular

Episode 5 of the #AskAbhijit show: Indian History - Your Best Questions Answered. Questions for this episode: ► Was there any ethical Turko-Mughal ruler? ► What caused the destruction of Harappa, Mohenjo-Daro and the Indus Valley Civilization? ► How old is the Ramayana? Why don't we find evidence in Ayodhya? ► Who were the Indo-Greeks? Who was Menander? ► Are the people of North-East India Mongolians? ► Who are Europe's Romani people? Are they Romanians? Why are they marginalized even today? ► Is Sinauli a Mahabharata-era archaeological site? What is its relevance in India's history? ► Are Buddhism and Hinduism different religions? ► Why are there no royal palaces in India even though there were many great empires? ► History of the Chavda dynasty ► How did the taboo of crossing the sea originate in Indian society? ► Why was India partitioned? Did the people of India desire a partition? ► Connect with me online here: YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/AbhijitChavda Twitter: http://twitter.com/AbhijitChavda Facebook: http://facebook.com/AbhijitLChavda Instagram: http://instagram.com/Abhijit.Chavda Website: http://AbhijitChavda.com