The study of the distribution of species and ecosystems in geographic space and through geological time
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Wir haben wieder neue seltsame Sinne gefunden, diesmal bei den Erbsen in Martas Garten.
In this episode of Two Bees in a Podcast, released on August 20, 2024, Dr. Jamie Ellis and Amy Vu welcome back Dr. Keith Delaplane—Professor, Walter B. Hill Fellow & Honey Bee Program Director in the Department of Entomology at the University of Georgia—to continue speaking about biogeography evolution. This episode is part two of two and concludes with a Q&A segment. Check out our website: www.ufhoneybee.com, for additional resources from today's episode.
In this episode of Two Bees in a Podcast, released on August 13, 2024, Dr. Jamie Ellis and Amy Vu welcome back Dr. Keith Delaplane—Professor, Walter B. Hill Fellow & Honey Bee Program Director in the Department of Entomology at the University of Georgia—to talk about biogeography evolution. This episode is part one of two. This episode concludes with a Q&A segment. Check out our website: www.ufhoneybee.com, for additional resources from today's episode.
Dr. Joanne BallardJoanne has a PhD in Geography from the University of Tennessee with specializations in Biogeography and Quaternary Environments, advised by Dr Sally Horn, palynologist. She has a M.S. in Geology from the University of Cincinnati, studying under glaciologist Dr. Thomas Lowell. She has also worked as an Archaeologist for the Tennessee Valley Authority as a Database Analyst and Mapping expert. In addition, Joanne worked for the US Census Bureau as an Analyst and Cartographic Technician, giving technical support, troubleshooting, and training personnel on addressing projects. Currently, Joanne is serving as a Naturalist at a local museum, and working with Czech colleagues on YDB research led by Dr. Evzen Stuchlik at the Czech Academy of the Sciences. Joanne is a catastrophist, and collaborates with the Comet Research Group.Joanne has been intrigued with the causation for the megafauna extinction since the 1990s. She met Rick Firestone at the Mammoth Conference in 2005 at Hot Springs, SD. When he and others presented their hypothesis on a bolide strike as causation for the Younger Dryas onset (Firestone et al. 2007), she wanted to look for evidence. Lake mud contains various proxies that help us gain insights into past environments, such as charcoal (wildfires), pollen and macrofossils (vegetation), diatoms, chironomids (climate) and chemistry--isotopes and elements. Lake mud is considered less disturbed (such as by roots, earthworms, freeze/thaw) than terrestrial sediment or soil. At UC, she and her team drilled through the ice to collect cores from four lakes near Flint, Michigan, two of which (Slack and Swift Lakes) are adjacent to the Gainey archaeological site mentioned by Firestone et al. (2007). At UT, she studied lake sediments from sites in the southeastern USA. She discovered a new proxy for wildfires--possibly catastrophic wildfires--which are siliceous aggregates. These form in wood ash. After a tree burns to ash, the silica phytoliths that were part of the structure of the tree are deposited with the wood ash. When that highly alkaline ash gets wet, it causes the phytoliths to dissolve, and the silica gel percolates down through the ash and then hardens up around silt or other particles in the sediment. Five of six lakes sampled across eastern North America showed siliceous aggregates around the time of the onset of the Younger Dryas, suggesting widespread, catastrophic wildfires. However, more work needs to be done to support this interpretation.Joanne has also researched Usselo Horizon sites (typically YDB-age black mats) in The Netherlands and Belgium to understand the events that triggered the onset of the Younger Dryas (12,900 - 11,600 BP). At four Usselo horizon sites across the NL and BE, she found fused quartz, soot, charcoal, melt glass and sponge spicules.See her PPT presentation "Usselo Horizon Presentation" here:https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Joanne-Ballard/researchDid humans tame woolly mammoths? See the discussion here with 821 postshttps://www.researchgate.net/topicshttps://www.researchgate.net/post/Did-humans-tame-woolly-mammoths-or-other-megafaunaJoanne's dissertation can be accessed and downloaded for free here:https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss/3492/Evidence of Late Quaternary Fires from Charcoal and Siliceous Aggregates in Lake Sediments in the Eastern U.S.A.Her MS thesis can be accessed for free here: https://etd.ohiolink.edu/acprod/odb_etd/etd/r/1501/10?clear=10&p10_accession_num=ucin1250268463A Lateglacial Paleofire Record for East-central MichiganRick Firestone's paper:https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.0706977104 Evidence for an extraterrestrial impact 12,900 years ago that contributed to the megafaunal extinctions and the Younger Dryas cooling-- Sent with Tuta; enjoy secure & ad-free emails: https://tuta.comBecome a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/earth-ancients--2790919/support.
Tyler Stone (@TylerStoneArt) joins Josiah to discuss his work as a freelance paleoartist. Paleoart (scientific illustration of prehistoric life) is a field with an interesting relationship between art and hard sciences. They discuss this relationship and the nitty gritty of the business side of paleoart, before delving into the challenges of being a science communicator in a field that attracts conspiracy theories, and how AI image generation is impacting the field.Follow Tyler on Twitter @TylerStoneArt // TikTok @TylerStoneArt // Instagram @TylerStoneArtFind more of Tyler's work: https://tylerstoneart.wordpress.comBecome a Fruitless Patron here: https://www.patreon.com/user?u=11922141Check out Fruitless on YouTubeFind more of Josiah's work: https://linktr.ee/josiahwsuttonFollow Josiah on Twitter @josiahwsuttonMedia referencedTyler's animation of the evolution of whales, "From Feet to Flippers: The Evolution of Whales," https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UKbC7QSjWfEOld episode of Very Legal, Very Cool, "sh*tty creationism," where we discussed the Creation Museum and the Ark Encounter, https://share.transistor.fm/s/96070284A short video by Tom Scott about the Crystal Palace dinosaurs Tyler discusses briefly, "The Scientifically Inaccurate Dinosaurs That Must Stay That Way," https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QWItLyDzMyE. I'm including this in case you'd like a visual of them.Episode of QAnon Anonymous that I (Josiah) reference briefly, "The Tartarian Empire," https://soundcloud.com/qanonanonymous/episode-273-the-tartarian-empireThe Paleoartist's Handbook: Recreating Prehistoric Animals in Art by Mark P. WittonOne Million Years B.C. (1966) directed by Don ChaffeyJurassic Park (1993), directed by Steven SpielbergJurassic World (2015), directed by Colin TrevorrowPrehistoric Planet, Apple TV+, produced by Jon Favreau & Mike Gunton.Music & audio creditsYesterday – bloom.Crumble – Dinosaur Jr. (The only reason I put this song in the end is because of the artist's name. That's the dumb joke there. Nothing deeper or more thoughtful.)
Darwin Day is upon us for the fourth time! To celebrate, let's follow Charles Darwin on the first part of his famous voyage between late 1831 and early 1832. We'll see him pour over cuttlefish, travel with veterans of the Napoleonic Wars and arrive in a young Brazilian Empire... Sources for this episode: Bannerman, W. M., Lobban, R. A. and Shaw, C. S., Encyclopedia Britannica (2023), History of Cabo Verde (online) (Accessed 08/02/2024). Bethell, L. (1968), The Independence of Brazil and the Abolition of the Brazilian Slave Trade: Anglo-Brazilian Relations, 1822-1826. Journal of Latin American Studies 1(2): 115-147. Bieber, J. (2010), Imperial Brazil (1822-29). In: Holloway, T. H. (2010), A Companion to Latin American History. Chichester: Blackwell Publishing Ltd. Bunker, F. St. P., Brodie, J. A., Maggs, C. A. and Bunker, A. R. (2017), Seaweeds of Britain and Ireland (2nd edition). Plymouth: Wild Natural Press. Darwin, C. (1945), The Voyage of the Beagle. London: J. M. Dent & Sons, Ltd. Diamond, J. (2007), Easter Island Revisited. Science 317(5845): 1692-1694. Jezierski, M. T., Smith, W. J. and Clegg, S. M. (2023), The island syndrome in birds. Journal of Biogeography 00: 1-16. Litchfield, H. (ed.) (1915), Emma Darwin: A Century of Family Letters (Vol. II). New York: D. Appleton and Company. Martin, P. A. (1921), Causes of the Collapse of the Brazilian Empire. The Hispanic American Historical Review 4(1): 4-48. Whittaker, R. J. and Fernández-Palacios, J.-M. (2007), Island Biogeography: Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation (2nd edition). Oxford: Oxford University Press. Author unknown, Wikipedia (date unknown), Charles II of England (online) (Accessed 08/02/2024). Author unknown, Wikipedia (date unknown), Robert FitzRoy (online) (Accessed 08/02/2024). Author unknown, Wikipedia (date unknown), Salvador, Bahia (online) (Accessed 08/02/2024).
Marcus and Will explain why our current data on turkeys supports both sides of this ongoing debate and what is needed to determine whether habitat or predation is to blame. They also discover another interesting link between supplemental feeding and predation, and discuss four studies that would answer most of our questions related to the current decline in wild turkey populations. Donate to wild turkey research: UF Turkey Donation Fund , Auburn Turkey Donation Fund Please help us by taking our (QUICK) listener survey - Thank you! https://ufl.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_3VR10xcKOMTvZH0 Resources: Cano-Martínez et al. (2023). Bottom-up rather than top-down mechanisms determine mesocarnivore interactions in Norway. Authorea Preprints. Newsome et al. (2015). The ecological effects of providing resource subsidies to predators. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 24(1), 1-11. Rosatte et al. (2007). Raccoon density and movements after population reduction to control rabies. The Journal of Wildlife Management, 71(7), 2373-2378. Dr. Marcus Lashley (@DrDisturbance) (Academic Profile) Dr. Will Gulsby (@dr_will_gulsby) (Academic Profile) Turkeys for Tomorrow (@turkeysfortomorrow) UF DEER Lab (@ufdeerlab) (YouTube) Watch these podcasts on YouTube: Wild Turkey Science YouTube This podcast is made possible by Turkeys for Tomorrow, a grassroots organization dedicated to the wild turkey. To learn more about TFT, go to turkeysfortomorrow.org. Help us help turkeys by rating this podcast and sharing it with your friends and family. Music by Artlist.io Produced & edited by Charlotte Nowak
Marcus and Will explain why our current data on turkeys supports both sides of this ongoing debate and what is needed to determine whether habitat or predation is to blame. They also discover another interesting link between supplemental feeding and predation, and discuss four studies that would answer most of our questions related to the current decline in wild turkey populations. Donate to wild turkey research: UF Turkey Donation Fund , Auburn Turkey Donation Fund Please help us by taking our (QUICK) listener survey - Thank you! https://ufl.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_3VR10xcKOMTvZH0 Resources: Cano-Martínez et al. (2023). Bottom-up rather than top-down mechanisms determine mesocarnivore interactions in Norway. Authorea Preprints. Newsome et al. (2015). The ecological effects of providing resource subsidies to predators. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 24(1), 1-11. Rosatte et al. (2007). Raccoon density and movements after population reduction to control rabies. The Journal of Wildlife Management, 71(7), 2373-2378. Dr. Marcus Lashley (@DrDisturbance) (Academic Profile) Dr. Will Gulsby (@dr_will_gulsby) (Academic Profile) Turkeys for Tomorrow (@turkeysfortomorrow) UF DEER Lab (@ufdeerlab) (YouTube) Watch these podcasts on YouTube: Wild Turkey Science YouTube This podcast is made possible by Turkeys for Tomorrow, a grassroots organization dedicated to the wild turkey. To learn more about TFT, go to turkeysfortomorrow.org. Help us help turkeys by rating this podcast and sharing it with your friends and family. Music by Artlist.io Produced & edited by Charlotte Nowak
It takes our sun 220 million years to orbit around the middle of our home galaxy. But that kind of timescale can be difficult to picture. So, using the International Stratigraphy Chart as a guidance for what different time periods mean in terms of millions of years, let's zoom out to the scale of a galactic year and see what happened in Earth's prehistory one cycle ago, two and so on. Sources for this episode: Bach, J. R. (2013), Paradigm paralysis in the management of neuromuscular disease. Journal of Personalized Medicine 11: 24-29. Bottjer, E. J. (2005), The Early Evolution of Animals. Scientific American 293(2): 42-47. Brusatte, S. L., Butler, R. J., Barrett, P. M., Carrion, M. T., Evans, D. C., Lloyd, G. T., Mannion, P. D., Norell, M. A., Peppe, D. J., Upchurch, P. and Williamson, T. E. (2015), The extinction of the dinosaurs. Biological Reviews 90: 628-642. Cameron, G. G. (1968), Zoroaster the Herdsman. Indo-Iranian Journal 10(4): 261-281. Clack, J. A. (2006), Devonian climate change, breathing, and the origin of the tetrapod stem group. Integrative and Comparative Biology 47(4): 510-523. Cohen, K. M., Finney, S. C., Gibbard, P. L. and Fan, J.-X. (2013; updated). The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart. Episodes 36: 199-204. Downs, J. P., Daeschler, E. B., Jenkins, F. A. and Shubin, N. H. (2008), The cranial endoskeleton of Tiktaalik roseae. Nature 455: 925-929. Ellery, A. (2003), Book Review: Impossible Extinction- Natural catastrophes and the supremacy of the microbial world. International Journal of Astrobiology 2(2): 153-154. Galway-Whitham, J. and Stringer, G. (2018), How did Homo sapiens evolve? Science 360(6395): 1296-1298. Hazen, R. M. (2010), How Old is Earth, and How Do We Know? Evolution: Education and Outreach 3: 198-205. Hess, F. L. (1925), The Age of the Earth. The Scientific Monthly 20(6): 597-602. Kemp, B. and Zink, A. (2012), Life in Ancient Egypt: Akhenaten, the Amarna Period and Tutankhamun. RCC Perspectives No. 3- Sickness, Hunger, War and Religion: Multidisciplinary Perspectives: 9-24. Kvĕt, R. (1991), Complete Periodical Geological Time Table. GeoJournal 24(4): 417-420. Kvĕt, R. (1995), On the Dependence of Life Evolution on Geotectonic Stages. GeoJournal 37(4): 413-417. Lemberg, J. B., Daeschler, E. B. and Shubin, N. H. (2021), The feeding system of Tiktaalik roseae: an intermediate between suction feeding and biting. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 118(7): e2016421118. MacIver, M. A., Schmitz, L., Mutan U., Murphey, T. D. and Mobley, C. D. (2020), Massive increase in visual range preceded the origin of terrestrial vertebrates. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America: E2375-E2384. Meiri, S. (2022), Population sizes of T. rex cannot be precisely estimated. Frontiers of Biogeography 14(2): e53781. Roney, J. C. (2017), 1776, Viewed from the West. Journal of the Early Republic 37(4): 655-700. Sereno, P. C. (1997), The Origin and Evolution of Dinosaurs. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 25: 435-489. Vandepoele, K., De Vos, W., Taylor, J. S., Meyer, A. and Van de Peer, Y. (2004), Major events in the genome evolution of vertebrates: Paranome age and size differ considerably between ray-finned fishes and land vertebrates. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 101(6): 1638-1643. Vittinghof, F. (1985), Reviewed Work(s): The Roman Empire 27 B. C. - A. D. 476. A Study in Survival by Chester G. Starr. Gnomon 57 Bd., H. 6: 572-574. Zhuralev, A. Y. and Wood, R. A. (2018), The two phases of the Cambrian Explosion. Scientific Reports 8: 16656. Życiński, J. (2006), Ethics in medical technologies: The Roman Catholic viewpoint. Journal of Clinical Neuroscience 13: 518-523.
TWiM explains how photoferrotrophic bacteria initiated plate tectonics over 2500 million years ago, and how two bacteria work together to cause childhood tooth decay. Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Michael Schmidt, Michele Swanson, Petra Levin, Guest: Mark O. Martin Subscribe to TWiM (free) on Apple Podcasts, Spotify, Google Podcasts, Android, RSS, or by email. Become a patron of TWiM. Links for this episode Bacteria initiated plate tectonics (Geophys Res Lett) Medea hypothesis (Sci Am) Earth's ferrous wheel (Nature) The Great Dying (Nova) The Great Oxidation Event (ASM) Banded iron formations (EarthSphere) S. sputigena and tooth decay (Nat Comm) Acid tolerance mechanisms of S. mutans (Fut. Micro.) Halitosis patients' tongue biofilm (Microbiol. Open) Take the TWiM Listener survey! Music used on TWiM is by Ronald Jenkees Send your microbiology questions and comments (email or recorded audio) to twim@microbe.tv
What happened to the plants and animals when Africa crashed into Eurasia and when Australia broke apart from Pangea? Find out with Biogeographer Octavio Jimenez Robles. Octavio is a Marie Sklodowska Curie Action postdoctoral fellow who has been based at the Australian National University in Canberra for the last few years and is just about to head to Paris to continue his work there. You can find him on twitter at https://twitter.com/OJimenez_Robles
Blackburn DG, Flemming AF. Invasive implantation and intimate placental associations in a placentotrophic African lizard, Trachylepis ivensi (scincidae). J Morphol. 2012 Feb;273(2):137-59. doi: 10.1002/jmor.11011. Epub 2011 Sep 28. PMID: 21956253.https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21956253/Bassi EA, de Oliveira C, Braz HB, de Almeida-Santos SM. How Does Oocyte Uptake Occur? A Macroscopic Study of the Ovarian and Oviductal Modifications for Egg Capture in the Coral-Snake Micrurus corallinus. Anat Rec (Hoboken). 2018 Nov;301(11):1936-1943. doi: 10.1002/ar.23904. Epub 2018 Oct 5. PMID: 30289202.https://anatomypubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/ar.23904Gascho D, Hetzel U, Schmid N, Martinez RM, Thali MJ, Richter H. Virtopsy of a gravid Boa constrictor using computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Vet Anim Sci. 2020 Oct 8;10:100150. doi: 10.1016/j.vas.2020.100150. PMID: 33089008; PMCID: PMC7566950.https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2451943X20300636Pyron RA, Burbrink FT. Early origin of viviparity and multiple reversions to oviparity in squamate reptiles. Ecol Lett. 2014 Jan;17(1):13-21. doi: 10.1111/ele.12168. Epub 2013 Aug 19. PMID: 23953272.https://home.gwu.edu/~rpyron/publications/Pyron_Burbrink_2014a.pdfSwain R, Jones SM. Facultative placentotrophy: half-way house or strategic solution? Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol. 2000 Dec;127(4):441-51. doi: 10.1016/s1095-6433(00)00275-0. PMID: 11154941.https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11154941/https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jmor.20141Van Dyke JU, Brandley MC, Thompson MB. The evolution of viviparity: molecular and genomic data from squamate reptiles advance understanding of live birth in amniotes. Reproduction. 2013 Nov 20;147(1):R15-26. doi: 10.1530/REP-13-0309. PMID: 24129151.https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24129151/Wang, JiaJun & Wu, YaYong & Liu, Qin & Shu, Guocheng & Guo, Peng & Zhu, Guangxiang. (2021). A new ovoviviparous rat snake species of the genus Elaphe (Squamata: Colubridae) from western Sichuan, China. 10.3897/arphapreprints.e77314. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/355787178_A_new_ovoviviparous_rat_snake_species_of_the_genus_Elaphe_Squamata_Colubridae_from_western_Sichuan_ChinaZimin, A., Zimin, S. V., Shine, R., Avila, L., Bauer, A., Böhm, M., Brown, R., Barki, G., de Oliveira Caetano, G. H., Castro Herrera, F., Chapple, D. G., Chirio, L., Colli, G. R., Doan, T. M., Glaw, F., Grismer, L. L., Itescu, Y., Kraus, F., LeBreton, M. … Meiri, S. (2022). A global analysis of viviparity in squamates highlights its prevalence in cold climates. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 31, 2437– 2452. https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.13598https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/geb.13598-------------------------Jessica Hare - Hare Hollow Farm - Altus, OKHarehollowfarm.comMorph Market - https://www.morphmarket.com/stores/hare_hollow_farm/Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/Hare-Hollow-Farm-113861266980541Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/hare_hollow_farm/Youtube - https://www.youtube.com/@unmeinohiJana King - ASM Royal Tails - Port Orchard, WAMorph Market -https://www.morphmarket.com/stores/asmroyaltails/Facebook -https://facebook.com/RoyalReptails/Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/asmroyaltails/Youtube - https://www.youtube.com/@asmroyaltails6846Show Sponsors:RAL - Vetdna.comUse code #sh!thappens to get $5 off a crypto panel.Shane Kelley - Small Town Xotics - Knoxville, TNMorph Market - https://www.morphmarket.com/stores/smalltownxotics/Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/SmallTownXotics/Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/smalltownxotics/Youtube - https://www.youtube.com/c/SmallTownXoticsRumble - https://rumble.com/search/video?q=smalltownxotics Roger and Lori Gray - Gray Family Snakes - Huntsville, AlabamaMorph Market - https://www.morphmarket.com/us/c/all?store=gray_family_snakesFacebook - https://www.facebook.com/GrayFamilySnakesInstagram - https://www.instagram.com/gray_family_snakes/Andrew Boring - Powerhouse Pythons - Tacoma, WaHusbandry Pro - https://husbandry.pro/stores/powerhouse-pythonsFacebook - https://www.facebook.com/powerhouse.pythonsInstagram - https://www.instagram.com/powerhouse.pythons/ Eileen Jarp - Bravo Zulu - Daleville, INMorph Market -https://www.morphmarket.com/stores/bravozulu/Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/bravozuluBPInstagram -https://www.instagram.com/bravozuluballpythons/Youtube - https://www.youtube.com/@bravozuluballpythons Christopher Shelly - B&S Reptilia - Sellersville, PAMorph Market - https://www.morphmarket.com/stores/bandsreptilia/Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/B-and-S-Reptilia-1415759941972085Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/bandsreptilia/ Justin Brill - Stoneage Ball pythons - Gresham, ORMorph Market -https://www.morphmarket.com/stores/stoneageballpythons/?cat=bpsFacebook - https://www.facebook.com/StoneAgeBallsInstagram - https://www.instagram.com/stoneageballpythons/Youtube - https://www.youtube.com/c/stoneageballpythons
An environmental expert says there's an extra benefit to lowering speed limits- a reduction in carbon emissions. The argument being made is that cars that drive at slower speeds use less fuel and emit less carbon dioxide, which is better for the environment. AUT professor of biogeography Len Gillman says SUV and other high-emission vehicle drivers need to do their part to cut CO2 output. Len Gillman says reducing speed limits is more equitable than taxing fuel, because low-income drivers will be hit the hardest. LISTEN ABOVESee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.
This episode brings together episodes 53 to 55 as the unexpected finale of a ‘secret miniseries' on how zooarchaeology can be used to reconstruct palaeoenvironments in conjunction with other archaeological subdisciplines. But how can the presence or absence of a given toad species infer on past environments? Tune in to find out! Case studies feature the humble European pond turtle/terrapin/tortoise and the palaeoenvironmental reconstruction of an Upper Pleistocene hyena den in Bois Roche, France.TranscriptsFor rough transcripts of this episode go to https://www.archpodnet.com/animals/56Links and Sources Betts, M. W., Maschner, H. D., Clark, D. S., Moss, M. L., & Cannon, A. (2011). Zooarchaeology of the “Fish That stops”. Moss, ML and Cannon, A., The Archaeology of North Pacific Fisheries, University of Alaska Press, Fairbanks, 171-195. Foden, W. B. et al. (2009). Species susceptibility to climate change impacts. Wildlife in a changing world–an analysis of the 2008 IUCN Red List of threatened species, 77. Muniz, F. P., Bissaro-Júnior, M. C., Guilherme, E., Souza-Filho, J. P. D., Negri, F. R., & Hsiou, A. S. (2021). Fossil frogs from the upper Miocene of southwestern Brazilian Amazonia (Solimões Formation, Acre Basin). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 41(6), e2089853. Sommerseth, I. (2011). Archaeology and the debate on the transition from reindeer hunting to pastoralism. Rangifer, 31(1), 111-127. Sommer, R. S., Persson, A., Wieseke, N., & Fritz, U. (2007). Holocene recolonization and extinction of the pond turtle, Emys orbicularis (L., 1758), in Europe. Quaternary Science Reviews, 26(25-28), 3099-3107. Sommer, R. S. et al. (2009). Unexpected early extinction of the European pond turtle (Emys orbicularis) in Sweden and climatic impact on its Holocene range. Molecular Ecology, 18(6), 1252-1262. Waters, J. M., Fraser, C. I., Maxwell, J. J., & Rawlence, N. J. (2017). Did interaction between human pressure and Little Ice Age drive biological turnover in New Zealand?. Journal of Biogeography, 44(7), 1481-1490. Villa, P., Goni, M. F. S., Bescos, G. C., Grün, R., Ajas, A., Pimienta, J. C. G., & Lees, W. (2010). The archaeology and paleoenvironment of an Upper Pleistocene hyena den: an integrated approach. Journal of Archaeological Science, 37(5), 919-935. Yeomans, L. (2018). Influence of Global and Local Environmental Change on Migratory Birds: Evidence for Variable Wetland Habitats in the Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene of the Southern Levant. Journal of Wetland Archaeology, 18(1), 20-34. Zuffi, M. A. L.; Celani, A.; Foschi, E.; Tripepi, S. (2007). "Reproductive strategies and body shape in the European pond turtle (Emys orbicularis) from contrasting habitats in Italy". Italian Journal of Zoology. 271 (2): 218–224.Contact Alex FitzpatrickTwitter: @archaeologyfitz Simona FalangaTwitter: @CrazyBoneLady Alex's Blog: Animal Archaeology Music "Coconut - (dyalla remix)" https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_2UiKoouqaYAffiliates Wildnote TeePublic Timeular Motion
This episode brings together episodes 53 to 55 as the unexpected finale of a ‘secret miniseries' on how zooarchaeology can be used to reconstruct palaeoenvironments in conjunction with other archaeological subdisciplines. But how can the presence or absence of a given toad species infer on past environments? Tune in to find out! Case studies feature the humble European pond turtle/terrapin/tortoise and the palaeoenvironmental reconstruction of an Upper Pleistocene hyena den in Bois Roche, France.TranscriptsFor rough transcripts of this episode go to https://www.archpodnet.com/animals/56Links and Sources Betts, M. W., Maschner, H. D., Clark, D. S., Moss, M. L., & Cannon, A. (2011). Zooarchaeology of the “Fish That stops”. Moss, ML and Cannon, A., The Archaeology of North Pacific Fisheries, University of Alaska Press, Fairbanks, 171-195. Foden, W. B. et al. (2009). Species susceptibility to climate change impacts. Wildlife in a changing world–an analysis of the 2008 IUCN Red List of threatened species, 77. Muniz, F. P., Bissaro-Júnior, M. C., Guilherme, E., Souza-Filho, J. P. D., Negri, F. R., & Hsiou, A. S. (2021). Fossil frogs from the upper Miocene of southwestern Brazilian Amazonia (Solimões Formation, Acre Basin). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 41(6), e2089853. Sommerseth, I. (2011). Archaeology and the debate on the transition from reindeer hunting to pastoralism. Rangifer, 31(1), 111-127. Sommer, R. S., Persson, A., Wieseke, N., & Fritz, U. (2007). Holocene recolonization and extinction of the pond turtle, Emys orbicularis (L., 1758), in Europe. Quaternary Science Reviews, 26(25-28), 3099-3107. Sommer, R. S. et al. (2009). Unexpected early extinction of the European pond turtle (Emys orbicularis) in Sweden and climatic impact on its Holocene range. Molecular Ecology, 18(6), 1252-1262. Waters, J. M., Fraser, C. I., Maxwell, J. J., & Rawlence, N. J. (2017). Did interaction between human pressure and Little Ice Age drive biological turnover in New Zealand?. Journal of Biogeography, 44(7), 1481-1490. Villa, P., Goni, M. F. S., Bescos, G. C., Grün, R., Ajas, A., Pimienta, J. C. G., & Lees, W. (2010). The archaeology and paleoenvironment of an Upper Pleistocene hyena den: an integrated approach. Journal of Archaeological Science, 37(5), 919-935. Yeomans, L. (2018). Influence of Global and Local Environmental Change on Migratory Birds: Evidence for Variable Wetland Habitats in the Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene of the Southern Levant. Journal of Wetland Archaeology, 18(1), 20-34. Zuffi, M. A. L.; Celani, A.; Foschi, E.; Tripepi, S. (2007). "Reproductive strategies and body shape in the European pond turtle (Emys orbicularis) from contrasting habitats in Italy". Italian Journal of Zoology. 271 (2): 218–224.Contact Alex FitzpatrickTwitter: @archaeologyfitz Simona FalangaTwitter: @CrazyBoneLady Alex's Blog: Animal Archaeology Music "Coconut - (dyalla remix)" https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_2UiKoouqaYAffiliates Wildnote TeePublic Timeular Motion
Dennis McCarthy is a writer, historian, and independent researcher who, in the process of tracing Hamlet's origin, ended up unwinding the entire legend of Shakespeare. Digging deeper into the history of Shakespeare's plays alongside collaborators June Schlueter and Michael Blanding, McCarthy uncovered evidence that all but two of Shakespeare's plays were written by Sir Thomas North, an English translator, lawyers, and justice of the peace. We dig into the evidence for the overlap between the two figures, unpack the myth of the lone genius, and seek to understand how the origin of ideas is driven by the sum total of the biogeographic connections that impinge on a given time and place. Support DemystifySci & Dennis McCarthy while getting learned: https://amzn.to/3xTPels Support the scientific revolution by joining our Patreon: https://bit.ly/3lcAasB Tell us what you think in the comments or on our Discord: https://discord.gg/MJzKT8CQub #genius #shakespeare #demystifysci (00:00) Go! (00:10:13) Of Politics and Plays (00:15:12) Are North and Shakespeare the same Person? (00:20:38) Myths of Lone Genius (00:25:24) Shifting Cultural Frames (00:34:43) An Idea is Fine, but a Theory is Too Much (00:39:57) How Many of the Plays are North's? (00:43:48) Biogeography & The Spread of Ideas (00:52:52) No True Origin Stories (01:02:44) How Much Did North Know? (01:12:30) Here Be Dragons (01:17:16) Artistic Explosions (01:24:30) Archetypal Tendencies (01:33:33) Convergent Evolution of Stories (01:40:34) Getting Published by Oxford (01:51:26) Does the Opposition Ever Chill? (01:54:51) Physics (02:11:26) The Source of Motivation (02:16:48) Close Check our short-films channel, @DemystifySci: https://www.youtube.com/c/DemystifyingScience AND our material science investigations of atomics, @MaterialAtomics https://www.youtube.com/@MaterialAtomics Join our mailing list https://bit.ly/3v3kz2S PODCAST INFO: Anastasia completed her PhD studying bioelectricity at Columbia University. When not talking to brilliant people or making movies, she spends her time painting, reading, and guiding backcountry excursions. Michael Shilo also did his PhD at Columbia studying the elastic properties of molecular water. When he's not in the film studio, he's exploring sound in music. They are both freelance professors at various universities. - Blog: http://DemystifySci.com/blog - RSS: https://anchor.fm/s/2be66934/podcast/rss - Donate: https://bit.ly/3wkPqaD - Swag: https://bit.ly/2PXdC2y SOCIAL: - Discord: https://discord.gg/MJzKT8CQub - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/groups/DemystifySci - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/DemystifySci/ - Twitter: https://twitter.com/DemystifySci MUSIC: -Shilo Delay: https://g.co/kgs/oty671
Hello everyone and welcome to Episode Seventy Seven! And I hope you all remain safe and healthy out there, and I want to wish all of you a happy, healthy, and prosperous new year. It's the first week of February and it's good to be back home and to be turning out another episode, after being away for nearly a month in Peru. It was an interesting trip, to say the least, with a lot of travel issues going both down and back. I'll spare you the details, but I am beginning to suspect that the golden age of air travel is behind us. All travel issues aside it was a great trip to Peru, and across 25 days and two back-to-back tour groups we managed to find a total of six bushmasters. Pretty incredible and I'm still processing all of that. Needless to say, I recorded segments with some of the folks who encountered their first bushmaster, and I will put that out sometime in the next few months. So Much Pingle Patrons! I want to give a shout-out to Craig Howard, the show's newest patron. Craig was on our first Peru tour last month and he took some awesome photos, I especially liked some of his frog shots. It was good to meet you Craig, and thanks so much for your support. And if you're out there listening and you would like to kick in a few bucks, it's easy to do, you simply go to the So Much Pingle Patreon page. You can support the show for as little as three bucks a month – less than a fancy cup of coffee! You can also support the show via one-time contributions via PayPal or Venmo (please contact me via email to somuchpingle@gmail.com). Well, here we are again with another edition of Herp Science Sunday with Dr. Alex Krohn. That's right, two in a row, even if they are a month apart, and, this one again features a guest from Australia. As I said before, this is more by accident than design, but Alex and I are happy about it and we hope you are as well. Our guest this week is Jules Farquhar, a doctoral candidate in the School of Biological Sciences at Monash University in Victoria, Australia. Jules is a co-author on a paper published in the Journal of Biogeography last year entitled “Using Crowd-sourced Photographic Records to Explore Geographical Variation in Colour Polymorphism” Alex and I talked with Jules just before Christmas, about this paper, which concerns Lace Monitors, and we cover some other cool Australian herp stuff as well. Thanks for listening everyone! And as always, please keep the comments and suggestions coming, and please take time to rate the show on your podcast platform! The show email is somuchpingle@gmail.com, and there's also a So Much Pingle group on Facebook, for discussion, comments, feedback, suggestions, herp confessions, baby monitors to watch baby monitors, tips for herping better, etc. -Mike
In the final episode of series three, hear Olly Belcher, President of the St Edmund Hall Association, in conversation with Professor Rob Whittaker, Teddy Hall's Vice Principal and Geography tutor. Rob was appointed as Vice Principal in 2019 and has been at Teddy Hall for 32 years where he has also been the College Dean and witnessed many changes including an expanding MCR and the increasing need to house all our students. Alongside the roles of Vice Principal and teaching Geography, Rob is a Professor of Biogeography and has spent much time researching island biodiversity. Rob sadly retires from Teddy Hall this year and his dream would be to see the Geography Fellowship endowed. Spirit of the Hall podcast is produced by the St Edmund Hall Association, the voluntary alumni body independent which represents all Aularians. The views and opinions expressed in the podcast are those of the speakers and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the Association, St Edmund Hall or the University of Oxford.
The islands of New Caledonia are famous for their geckos. Recent research has revealed the evolutionary past of these sticky lizards, and it all began shortly after the islands themselves emerged from the Pacific Ocean. Become a Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/herphighlights Full reference list available here: http://www.herphighlights.podbean.com Main Paper References: Skipwith PL, Bauer AM, Jackman TR, Sadlier RA. 2016. Old but not ancient: coalescent species tree of New Caledonian geckos reveals recent post‐inundation diversification. Journal of Biogeography 43:1266–1276. DOI: 10.1111/jbi.12719. Other Mentioned Papers/Studies: Griffing, A. H., Sanger, T. J., Epperlein, L., Bauer, A. M., Cobos, A., Higham, T. E., ... & Gamble, T. 2021. And thereby hangs a tail: morphology, developmental patterns and biomechanics of the adhesive tails of crested geckos (Correlophus ciliatus). Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 288(1953), 20210650. Other Links/Mentions: Kimbrough L. 2022.Tiny new tree frog species found in rewilded Costa Rican nature reserve: https://news.mongabay.com/2022/09/tiny-new-tree-frog-species-found-in-rewilded-costa-rican-nature-reserve/ Crested gecko chirping audio on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oFOGsS2TPuI Independent article about house gecko on board ship: https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/china-asian-maidstone-kent-b2007108.html Editing and Music: Podcast edited by Emmy – https://www.fiverr.com/emmyk10 Intro/outro – Treehouse by Ed Nelson Species Bi-week theme – Michael Timothy Other Music – The Passion HiFi, https://www.thepassionhifi.com
This episode—which is Number 62—is all about the major geographic divisions among birds across the planet.Why are bowerbirds found only in Australia and on the islands of New Guinea? Why are the birds you see in India so different from those in China? Does North America have any unique, endemic bird families?Questions like these fall within the domain of biogeography. Biogeography is the study of where living things are found and why they're found there—both in the present and the past. Today, we'll be sketching out the big picture of what types of birds are found where across the world map.By learning the basics of bird biogeography, you can get a deeper appreciation for the uniqueness of bird communities in different parts of the world. ~~ Leave me a review using Podchaser ~~Links of InterestWhat Are The 7 Realms of Biogeography? [VIDEO]Link to this episode on the Science of Birds websiteSupport the show
In this episode, Ben is joined once again by Dr Joseph Bailey, currently part of the team at YSJU Geography but soon-to-be Senior Lecturer in Ecology, Conservation and Sustainability at Anglia Ruskin University, to discuss the concept of ‘Geodiversity', and why the varied shape of the landscape is an important factor in determining ecosystem biodiversity, and its conservation. We discuss the ways in which Joe's research has explored this concept, and how he has sought to map and measure geodiversity through a holistic understanding of landscape processes. We reflect on how geographers are well-placed to offer insight into the significance of geodiversity, and how we might feed an understanding of geodiversity into conservation practice and policy. Below, for those who are interested, are some links to relevant readings that further flesh out the concepts / topics discussed... Key Reading #1: The 2022 article “Conserving Nature's Stage…” by John Gordon, Joe and Jonathan Larwood offers a useful account of the relationships between geo- and biodiversity, and the importance of preserving the varied surfaces of the earth upon which species flourish. Published in the Park Stewardship Forum and available online here as an open-access text: https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8fp8v4wk Key Reading #2: Joe's 2017 paper in Global Ecology and Biogeography, co-authored with several others and drawing on his PhD research, entitled “Modelling native and alien vascular plant species richness” specifically examines the question of scale, as discussed in the episode, and its importance when assessing the relevance of ‘geodiversity'. Published open access and available here: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/geb.12574 Further Reading: Joe and fellow researcher Franziska Schrodt wrote a really accessible article for the online news site The Conversation in 2019 that introduces the concept and importance of geodiversity for a non-specialist audience interested in conservation. Available online here: https://theconversation.com/our-new-research-is-tracing-the-development-of-the-worlds-vital-non-living-nature-125664 Further Reading: Joe recommends Murray Gray's 2013 book Geodiversity: Valuing and conserving abiotic nature as an excellent general reference text on the concept. A preview is available via google books here: https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/Geodiversity/LSB8AAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0 (C) 2022. Produced / Edited by B. Garlick
Today on Mushroom Hour we are host to the distinguished Dr. Kabir Peay – head of Stanford University's Peay Lab. Dr. Peay completed a master's degree at the Yale School of Forestry and Environment Science (F&ES) in 2003 and obtained a PhD in 2008 from UC Berkeley's Dept. of Environmental Science, Policy and Management (ESPM) in Matteo Garbelotto's lab. He completed postdoctoral training at UC Berkeley in the Dept. of Plant & Microbial Biology with Tom Bruns, and at Stanford in the Dept. of Biology with Tadashi Fukami. He was an Assistant Professor in the Dept. of Plant Pathology at the University of Minnesota from 2011-2012 before coming to Stanford in 2012 to join the Dept. of Biology in his current position. The Peay lab studies the ecological processes that structure natural communities and the links between community structure and the cycling of nutrients and energy through ecosystems - focusing on fungi! Much of the research focuses on plant-fungal root associations, better known as mycorrhizas, which constitute one of the most pervasive mutualisms in terrestrial ecosystems. By integrating their lines of research, they hope to weave together a 'roots-to-biomes' understanding of plant-microbe symbiosis. TOPICS COVERED: A Love of Nature, Inspiration in the East From Environmental Consulting into Ecological Understanding Discovering Fungal Symbioses Defining Ecology & Community Assembly Understanding Scale in Community Ecology Embracing Fungi in All of Their Ecological Roles Facultative Capacities of Fungi Mycorrhizal Lessons in Community Ecology Broadening Ecological Perspectives Beyond Purely Competitive Frameworks MISSPs & Mediating Mycorrhizal Interactions Fungal Biogeography Ecological Succession & Stages of Community Assembly Future of Mycorrhizal Research Mapping Fungal Genes to Ecological Functions EPISODE RESOURCES: Peay Lab Academic Website: https://mykophile.stanford.edu/ Dr. Peay Google Scholar: https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=E6GRsP4AAAAJ&hl=en Dipterocarpaceae - tree family: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dipterocarpaceae Chytrids: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chytridiomycota Pinus ponderosa (tree species): https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinus_ponderosa Suilllus pungens (fungus species): https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suillus_pungens
Today on the Mushroom Hour we are honored to be joined by Dr. Andrew Wilson - Assistant Curator of Mycology in the Sam Mitchel Herbarium of Fungi at Denver Botanic Gardens. For Dr. Wilson the discovery of mycology began back in the late 90's at San Francisco State University in taking classes from world renown mushroom taxonomist, Dr. Dennis Desjardin. Working with Dennis, Andrew earned a Masters degree studying the mushroom genus Gymnopus from Java and Bali. He later went on to earn a PhD in the lab of Dr. David Hibbett at Clark University. His project took him back to Southeast Asia, this time to study the ecology and evolution enigmatic puffball genus Calostoma and their relatives. In 2009, Andrew graduated and began a postdoc with Dr. Gregory Mueller at the Chicago Botanic Garden where he explored the systematic evolution of the Cantharellales and the model ectomycorrhizal mushroom genus Laccaria. He also did a one-year postdoc at Purdue University, in the lab of Dr. Cathie Aime, teasing apart the complex evolution of plant pathogenic rust fungi. At Denver Botanic Gardens, Dr. Wilson is working on a regional contribution to the Fungal Diversity Survey (FunDiS) that encompasses the state of Colorado, with a focus on the Southern Rockies. In this effort he is training students on how to study biodiversity using natural history collection and DNA sequence analysis. He is also working on new tools in DNA sequencing to better sample and study fungal diversity. TOPICS COVERED: Formed in a Family of Biologists Intellectual Explorations at San Francisco State University Genus Gymnopus Expeditions to Southeast Asia What are Systematics? Genus Calostoma Role of Isotopes in Understanding Fungal Ecologies Biogeographic Histories of Fungi Interpreting Ancestry and Evolution in Phylogenetic Data Gondwana Supercontinent Finding a Living, Ancient Ancestor on the Lacarria Family Tree Denver Botanic Gardens & Sam Mitchell Fungi Herbarium New Methods of High-Throughput DNA Sequencing Biodiversity & Evolutionary History of Southern Rocky Mountain Fungi EPISODE RESOURCES: Dr. Andrew Wilson - Denver Botanic Gardens: https://www.botanicgardens.org/team/profile/andrew-w-wilson-phd Dr. Dennis Desjardin (Mentor): https://biology.sfsu.edu/faculty/desjardin Dr. David Hibbet (Mentor): https://www2.clarku.edu/faculty/facultybio.cfm?id=355 Gymnopus (Genus): https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gymnopus Calostoma (Genus): https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calostoma Laccaria (Genus): https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laccaria Calostoma cinnabarinum: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calostoma_cinnabarinum Colorado Mycological Society: https://cmsweb.org/ Colorado Mycoflora Project: https://coloradomycoflora.org/
If you ever wanted to know anything about Denali, David Arnold is your man. He truly is a walking encyclopedia. He helped develop the nation's first - and at the time, only - broadcast meteorology program at Ball State University. With a Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) in Atmospheric Science, Master of Science (M.S.) in Biogeography (macro-scale ecology), Bachelor of Science (B.S.) in Geography, Associate of Science (A.S.) in Architecture and Regional Planning, Dr. Dave can bring a wealth of information to a conversation about the natural forces at play in the magical place we call Denali.
Today on Mushroom Hour we are joined by illustrious lichen expert Matthew Nelsen PhD. Matthew is a Research Scientist at the Field Museum of Natural History in Chicago. Matt's research began in botany, ecology and environmental science and has more recently gravitated towards: (i) the evolution of symbiotic associations; and (ii) the evolution of eukaryotic microbes (fungi and algae), and the roles they have played in shaping terrestrial ecosystems and nutrient-cycling over geologic timescales. Both avenues of his research attempt to link diverse fields and organismal groups. He also has conducted work addressing the timing and evolutionary consequences of ant-plant interactions. Matt thank you so much for joining us on the Mushroom Hour! TOPICS COVERED: Fungus & Algae Species Forming Lichen Partnerships Host Specificity in Lichen Partnerships Evolutionary History of Lichen Vascular Plants on Land Before Lichen?! Challenges of Working on “Big Time” Process of Lichen Formation, Fungal Phenotypes Lichen Blurring Species Boundaries Cleptobiosis Role in Carbon & Nitrogen Cycles Lichen as an Ecosystem Lichen & Air Quality in an Environment Lichenometry Analysis of Fungal Coal Formation Hypothesis Ant Plant Interactions EPISODE RESOURCES: Matthew Nelsen Website: https://mpnelsen.com/ Lichen: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lichen Xanthoria parietina (Lichen): https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Xanthoria_parietina Trebouxia (Lichen Genus): https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trebouxia Toby Spribille (Lichen Expert): https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=vPlIL5IAAAAJ&hl=en Betsy Arnold (Endophyte Expert): http://www.arnoldlab.net/ Article on Fungal Coal Formation Hypothesis: https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.1517943113 Arthrobotrys (Fungal Genus): https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthrobotrys Mycoparasites: https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/mycoparasites
Today on Sojourner Truth's weekly Earth Watch segment our guest is Policy Director for the Center for Food Safety, Jaydee Hanson. Multinational corporations pushing GM crops, food, trees and fish are up against environmentalists who outright oppose them or question the need for them. Will we see a future where foods are derived from GM microorganisms or GM animals are more broadly introduced into the market? Does the general public even know what GM foods they are now consuming? In 2021, the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California agreed, with the ruling that the FDA ignored the serious environmental consequences of approving GM salmon. The court also ruled that FDA's unilateral decision that GM salmon could have no possible effect on highly endangered, wild Atlantic salmon was wrong and it violated the Endangered Species Ac. The original suit was filed in 2016 by the Quinault Native American tribe in Washington state, who sued the FDA along with environmental and fishing organizations, for approving the safety of GM salmon based on limited research. We will speak to Policy Director for the Center for Food Safety, Jaydee Hanson on the recent court ruling and what it means for the future of GM foods in the U.S. Jaydee Hanson's expertise includes emerging technology issues related to nanotechnology, synthetic biology, animal cloning, animal genetic engineering and gene editing. He has a Master's degree in Biogeography and Resource Management from the University of Hawai'i. Before coming to the Center for Food Safety, he worked for the National Marine Fisheries Service, starting both the environmental justice program of the United Methodist Church and their genetics and bioethics program. He is a co-author of the Principles for the Oversight of Synthetic Biology, the US co-chair for the Nanotechnology Taskforce of the Transatlantic Consumers Dialogue, a member of the synthetic biology experts committee for the Convention on Biological Diversity and a fellow of the Institute on Biotechnology and the Human Future.
Today on Sojourner Truth's weekly Earth Watch segment our guest is Policy Director for the Center for Food Safety, Jaydee Hanson. Multinational corporations pushing GM crops, food, trees and fish are up against environmentalists who outright oppose them or question the need for them. Will we see a future where foods are derived from GM microorganisms or GM animals are more broadly introduced into the market? Does the general public even know what GM foods they are now consuming? In 2021, the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California agreed, with the ruling that the FDA ignored the serious environmental consequences of approving GM salmon. The court also ruled that FDA's unilateral decision that GM salmon could have no possible effect on highly endangered, wild Atlantic salmon was wrong and it violated the Endangered Species Ac. The original suit was filed in 2016 by the Quinault Native American tribe in Washington state, who sued the FDA along with environmental and fishing organizations, for approving the safety of GM salmon based on limited research. We will speak to Policy Director for the Center for Food Safety, Jaydee Hanson on the recent court ruling and what it means for the future of GM foods in the U.S. Jaydee Hanson's expertise includes emerging technology issues related to nanotechnology, synthetic biology, animal cloning, animal genetic engineering and gene editing. He has a Master's degree in Biogeography and Resource Management from the University of Hawai'i. Before coming to the Center for Food Safety, he worked for the National Marine Fisheries Service, starting both the environmental justice program of the United Methodist Church and their genetics and bioethics program. He is a co-author of the Principles for the Oversight of Synthetic Biology, the US co-chair for the Nanotechnology Taskforce of the Transatlantic Consumers Dialogue, a member of the synthetic biology experts committee for the Convention on Biological Diversity and a fellow of the Institute on Biotechnology and the Human Future.
A look at different areas that pose a problem for the theory of universal common ancestry.
Paul and Casey Luskin consider scientific problems with the theory of universal common ancestry.
Casey touches on biogeogrphical data that does not easily fit with a theory of universal common ancestry.
Biogeography is often touted as indisputable evidence for evolution. Dr. Sarah Buckland, who obtained her PhD in Geography, makes the case that the evidence is actually stacked against the evolutionary theory, and in fact, the field of geography is a powerful testament to the Bible's authenticity. Did Pangaea exist? Does geographically distribution demonstrate common ancestry? Find out in this episode of Current Topics in Science!https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfJWfLgVRaVa-tgpAvJH7-ebTtB4C1imwz7_PBdoSjFCYX_zw/viewform
On this ID the Future, geologist Casey Luskin discusses biogeography and the problems it poses for the idea of universal common descent. To make it work, evolutionists have to propose, for instance, that old world monkeys rafted across the Atlantic from Africa to South America on a natural raft. Really? That's some raft. And how did the monkeys not starve to death? Or die of thirst? They couldn't drink salty ocean water, after all. And talk about a genetic bottleneck! That's just one of several problems Luskin raises with the idea that all species gradually evolved from a universal common ancestor. In his conversation with host Emily Reeves, he also touches on the problem of convergence, as when two creatures Read More › Source
Geologist Casey Luskin discusses biogeography and the problems it poses for the idea of universal common descent. To make it work, evolutionists have to propose, for instance, that old world monkeys rafted across the Atlantic from Africa to South America on a natural raft. Really? That's some raft. And how did the monkeys not starve […]
In this episode we talk with Tom Givnish, a well-known research botanist at UW Madison about a diverse number of topics including plants that can completely dry out and not die, how orchids came to be the most diverse and largest plant family on Earth, what my dad's mafioso cousin has in common with achlorophyllous,non-photosynthetic plants and Tepuis in Venezuela, among about other twelve other fascinating topics.
Check out Noeo Science for your homeschooling needs: https://noeoscience.com/
Check out Noeo Science for your homeschooling needs: https://noeoscience.com/
Learn about a mysterious new archaeological discovery around Stonehenge; and why females feel colder in many species. More from world-renowned Stonehenge archeologist Susan Greaney: STONEHENGE: LAND OF THE DEAD' Premieres Sunday, November 28 at 8 PM ET/PT on Science Channel: https://press.discovery.com/us/sci/programs/stonehenge-land-dead/ Start your free trial of discovery+ at https://discoveryplus.com/curiosity Follow @SueGreaney on Twitter: https://twitter.com/SueGreaney Academic page: https://www.cardiff.ac.uk/people/research-students/view/122326-susan-greaney Females feel colder in many species -- scientists say it was an adaptation to keep the sexes separate by Grant Currin A new study reveals the evolutionary reason why women feel colder than men. (2021, October 5). EurekAlert! https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/930578 Magory Cohen, T., Kiat, Y., Sharon, H., Levin, E., & Algar, A. (2021). An alternative hypothesis for the evolution of sexual segregation in endotherms. Global Ecology and Biogeography. https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.13393 Follow Curiosity Daily on your favorite podcast app to learn something new every day withCody Gough andAshley Hamer. Still curious? Get exclusive science shows, nature documentaries, and more real-life entertainment on discovery+! Go to https://discoveryplus.com/curiosity to start your 7-day free trial. discovery+ is currently only available for US subscribers. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.
Biogeography is the distribution of life within and around landforms. In a large deep canyon, that distribution is influenced by the elevation and the aspect of a slope which also controls the sunlight received. We talk with Larry Stevens of the Museum of Northern Arizona about his decades long investigation of biogeography within the Grand Canyon. More than 70% of the species found in the Grand Canyon are genetically affected by the landform itself and many can live nowhere else.
This week we chat with Kevin Rohling a Forester Research Technician. Kevin earned B.S. and M.S. degrees in Geography from Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, specializing in Biogeography and GIS. He conducts research focusing on invasive species issues, prescribed fire, use of technology in forestry, wildlife monitoring, chainsaw safety, natural areas management, and outreach and interpretation.Topics we cover are: What is GISHow does it workWhy is it important?How can this be used to monitor Climate Change?Future Research that needs to be looked at using GISHow to help flora and funga with technologyHerbicides and GIS monitoringFind Kevin and resources mentioned below:University of Illinois Extension Forestry Website:University of Illinois Extension Forestry YouTube Channel:Early Detection and Distribution Mapping System (EDDMapS, for invasive species reporting)Follow my other social media sites to interact and engage with me:floraandfungapodcast@gmail.comFacebookInstagramTwitterYouTubeHelp support my book and tea buying habit by "Buying me a Book"a twist on buy me a coffeeWhen I reach my goal of $100 I will do a special book giveaway!Theme song : -Soundotcom called Go Rock -Take the Lead by Kevin MacLeodLink: https://incompetech.filmmusic.io/song/4458-take-the-leadLicense: http://creativecommons.org/Support the show (https://www.patreon.com/florafungapodcast)
Dienas kļūst īsākas, gaisa temperatūra pazeminās un neatņemama rudens sastāvdaļa ir arī gājputnu kāši debesīs. Rudens migrācija var būt nostalģisks moments cilvēkiem, bet pašiem putniem tas ir nopietns pārbaudījums. Dažus šķēršļus putnu migrācijai rada arī cilvēks. Latvijas Ornitoloģijas biedrība ziņo, ka gājputnu migrācijas laikā liels apdraudējums ir stiklotā apbūve. Kādi cilvēka radītie šķēršļi Latvijā un citviet pasaulē apgrūtina gājputnu ceļu uz ziemošanas vietām, raidījumā Zināmais nezināmajā analizē ornitologi - Latvijas ornitoloģijas biedrības priekšsēdētājs Viesturs Ķerus un šīs biedrības projektu vadītājs Andris Dekants. Garākas kājas un knābji ļaus putniem pielāgoties klimata izmaiņām Zinātnieki uzskata, ka gan putnu, gan zīdītāju atsevišķu ķermeņa daļu – knābju, ausu vai astu palielināšanās ir saistīta ar dzīvnieku pielāgošanos klimata sasilšanai. Mainās ne tikai izskats, bet arī uzvedība: jau pirms pāris gadiem žurnālā „Global Ecology and Biogeography” bija raksts par starptautisku zinātnieku komandu, kuri izpētīja, kā siltumam pieaugot, mainās tārtiņu uzvedība olu perēšanas laikā. Ja parasti mātīte olas perē dienas laikā, bet otrs (lielākoties – tēviņš) to darīja nakts laikā, tad, analizējot putnu uzvedību vairākas tārtiņu populācijās, zinātnieki secināja, ka, pieaugot gaisa temperatūrai, pieaug tēviņu iesaiste olu perēšanā: tēviņš un mātīte olu perēšanas „maiņas” veic ievērojami biežāk, tādējādi saīsinot laiku, kas jāpavada tiešā saules iedarbībā. Vai tiešām tas, ka paaugstinās gaisa temperatūra uz planētas, ietekmē putnu izskatu un uzvedību, jautājam Latvijas Universitātes asociētajam profesoram un Daugavpils Universitātes vadošajam pētniekam Indriķim Kramam, lai noskaidrotu, kā un vai klimats ietekmē putnu adaptāciju.
Nupur Kale is a Project Associate with the Marine Program at the Wildlife Conservation Society - India. Her main research interests are sea turtle biology and conservation, and by extension all things marine. She is also interested in working with communities to ensure effective conservation and sustainable livelihoods. Popular articles: The blues and greens of Lakshwadweep Conservation Alliances Journal articles: The olive currency: a comparative account of community based ecotourism ventures in Western India Not in the mood for lighting: hatchling misorientation at Rushikulya, India Shownotes: Dakshin Foundation Sunbirds, bee-eaters, leeches and sandflies Mass nesting (arribada) of Olive-Ridley Turtles in Orissa Turtle festival in Velas (Maharashtra) The Hawaiian Crow Is Once Again Extinct in the Wild Steve Irwin, Jeff Corwin The problem of 'Colonial Science' - Asha de Vos Pre-conference module at the Student Conference for Conservation Science - Bangalore The Thing about Biogeography with Krishnapriya Tamma (Ep-02)
Today on the Mushroom Hour Podcast we have the privilege of speaking with Brian Perry PhD, Associate Professor of Biology at California State University, East Bay. He received his Master's Degree from San Francisco State University under the guidance of Dr. Dennis E. Desjardin, and his Ph.D. from Harvard University where he studied with Dr. Donald H. Pfister. Brian has been studying fungi since 1995, and has published over 45 papers in scientific journals. In addition to studying the evolution of fungal bioluminescence, he also conducts research on mushrooms and other fungi of Vanuatu, the assembly and biogeography of island fungal communities, endophytic fungi of Hawaiian plants, and the systematics of Mycena and allied genera. Brian teaches several mycology courses at Cal State East Bay and the Sierra Nevada Field Campus, and recently launched a Sierra Nevada Mycoflora project. TOPICS COVERED: Raised with an Appreciation for Nature Mycological Influence of Dr. Dennis Desjardin Why Do Some Mushrooms Glow? Exploring Evolution of Fungal Bioluminescence Biochemistry of Bioluminescence Biology & Ecological Roles of Endophytic Fungi Applied Use of Endophytes Fungal Ecology of Tropical Islands Research in Vanuatu Vanuatu's Indigenous Culture Ethnomycology Among Vanuatu's Indigenous Peoples Tropical Island Phylogeography & Biogeography Biogeographical Mysteries Rise of Citizen Mycologists EPISODE RESOURCES: Dr. Brian Perry Website: https://www.perrymycolab.com/CSU East Bay Website: https://www.csueastbay.edu/directory/profiles/biol/perrybrian.htmlProf. Dennis Desjardin: https://biology.sfsu.edu/faculty/desjardinMetrosideros polymorpha (plant species): https://www2.hawaii.edu/~eherring/hawnprop/met-poly.htm Blue Coprinopsis (fungi): https://steveaxford.smugmug.com/Fungi/Basidiomycetes/Coprinoid-fungi/Blue-Coprinopsis/ Schizophyllum commune (fungi): https://www.mushroomexpert.com/schizophyllum_commune.html Coprinellus disseminatus (fungi): http://www.mushroomexpert.com/coprinellus_disseminatus.html Mycena californiensis (fungi): https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mycena_californiensis
Dr. Hélène Morlon is a Research Scientist with the National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS) at the Institute of Biology at the Ecole Nomale Supérieure in Paris. She is also affiliated to the Interdisciplinary Center for Research in Biology at the Collège de France. Hélène studies biodiversity and is interested in understanding questions like why there are more species in certain regions of the planet and why some groups of organisms are more diverse than others. She studies a variety of organisms to elucidate the general principles underlying evolution and biodiversity.When Hélène is not hard at work in the lab, she enjoys rock climbing, scuba diving, surfing, skiing, snowboarding, and particularly kitesurfing. These challenging extreme sports keep her connected with nature and give her a sense of freedom. She received her M.S. in Ecology from the University of Paris and her Ph.D. in Environmental Sciences from the University of Bordeaux. Helene conducted postdoctoral research at the University of California, Merced, the University of Oregon, the University of Pennsylvania, and the University of California, Berkeley. She was hired by the CNRS afterwards and worked at the Center of Applied Mathematics at Ecole Polytechnique before accepting her current position. Hélène is the recipient of the 2012 CNRS Prize for Outstanding Research and the 2015 CNRS Bronze Medal. In our interview, Hélène shares more about her journey through life and science.
In this episode we talk to Brigitte Gavio who is an Associate Professor in the Department of Biology at the Universidad Nacional de Colombia. She leads the Research Group in Molecular Systematics and Biogeography of Marine Macroalgae and her research focuses on taxonomy and biogeography of marine algae. Listen to the episode to hear about: - The importance of Sargassum for sea turtles (7:00) - Currently only the San Andres Archipelago receives Sargassum in larger quantities in Colombia, however the Caribbean coast should still prepare in case they ever get beaching events (9:00) - Her research trip to the very remote Cayo Serranilla where they found a large amount of turtles nesting (12:30) - Sargassum arriving on Cayo Serranilla during their research trip (17:20) - Impact of Sargassum and rats on nesting turtles and emerging hatchlings (18.30) - Size of Cayo Serranilla and its rocky and sandy shore line (22:00) - Rat removal on islands (23:00) - Use of turtles of offshore Sargassum mats(28:00) Transcript Learn more about Brigitte's work: ֍ Brigitte's professional website ֍ Molecular Systematics and Biogeography of Marine Macroalgae research group ֍Gavio and Santo- Martinez, 2018. Floating Sargassum in Serranilla Bank, Caribbean Colombia may jeopardize the race to the ocean of baby sea turtles
Note: Strontium analysis is another stable isotope system which looks at the geographic distribution of 87Sr/86Sr ratios in surface sediments to reconstruct mobility across a Sr "isoscape". Stable isotope analysis refers to oxygen, carbon, and nitrogen, but for ease of speech in this episode we've grouped them all together under "stable isotope analysis". Wyoming's Archaeology Awareness Month websiteMeeteetse Museums' Bison of the Bighorn Basin Project Update (February 2021)Skinner and Kaisen measurements used in the study can be found here starting on page 144 Donate to the Meeteetse Museums Bison of the Bighorn Basin Project: https://meeteetsemuseums.org/donate-to-meeteetse-museums/ Archaeology and Wildlife Management: "What the Past Can Provide: Contribution of Prehistoric Bison Studies to Modern Bison Management" by Kenneth P. Cannon"The Use of Natural History Collections to Inform Baseline Ecological Conditions: Case Studies from Paleontology, Archaeology, and Historical Zoology" by Chris Widga et alFish and Wildlife Service 2011 poster on archaeology and wildlife management Gilbert Peak Bison: "'They Went as High as They Choose': What an Isolated Skull Can Tell Us About the Biogeography of High-Altitude Bison" by Kenneth P. Cannon Stable Isotope Analysis: “Middle Holocene Bison Diet and Mobility in the Eastern Great Plains (USA) Based on ?13C, ?18O, and 87Sr/86Sr analyses of tooth enamel carbonate” by Chris Widga, J. Douglas Walker, and Lisa Stockli can be found hereFor more information on bison locally: Dr. Ken Cannon's 2020 presentation on Bison in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem.
My AP Biology ThoughtsEpisode #13Welcome to My AP Biology Thoughts podcast, my name is Chloe and I am your host for episode 13 called Unit 7 Evolution: Adaptive Radiation in Darwin's Finches. Today we will be discussing the diversification of the mainland species of finches due to adaptive radiation. Segment 1: Introduction to Adaptive Radiation in Darwin's FinchesIt's important to understand what this all means. Adaptive radiation is a process in which organisms diversify rapidly from an ancestral species into a variety of new forms. A change in environment can introduce a species to new available resources, and can open new environmental niches. These openings cause new competition within the species, eventually leading to a certain trait being more advantageous. This ties in perfectly with the natural selection mechanism which describes the relationship between overpopulation, variation, competition, fitness, reproduction . The widespread of niches on the Galapagos makes a perfect fit for this mechanism to take place, and for rapid speciation to occur. This brings us right to the important stuff, the finches. The theory is that a small population of mainland finches migrated to each of these islands with different niches, creating competition for a certain type of resource. Variation caused one particular trait to be more beneficial than others, causing rapid speciating among these populations Segment 2: Example of Adaptive Radiation in Darwin's FinchesThe finches varied in beak sizes and fur color. Larger beaks were beneficial in niches where the available food source mostly consisted of large, difficult to open nuts while Smaller and thinner beaks were beneficial where the main source of food was insects because their small beak made it easier to prey on small bugs. This made it easy for competition to take its route, and let the finch that is more fit for the specific food source to survive and reproduce. Segment 3:Digging Deeper into Adaptive Radiation in Darwin's FinchesTo dig in deeper, it's important to realize how this information is still relevant. This observation that Darwin made gave him evidence for his theory of natural selection that we still use today. The natural selection mechanism that we study still continues to cause organisms to evolve and speciate. Another important concept to this specific example of adaptive radiation is the divergent evolution that occurred, and how each population became a new species due to the available resources. Biogeography also helped Darwin understand the relatedness of the finches on different islands because their closeness in geography helped prove that they were related in some way Thank you for listening to this episode of My AP Biology Thoughts. For more student-ran podcasts, make sure that you visithttp://www.hvspn.com/ ( www.hvspn.com). Thanks for listening! Music Credits:"Ice Flow" Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com) Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 4.0 License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Subscribe to our PodcastApple Podcasts Spotify Google Podcasts Stitcher https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC07e_nBHLyc_nyvjF6z-DVg (YouTube) Connect with us on Social Media Twitterhttps://twitter.com/thehvspn ( @thehvspn)
My AP Biology Thoughts Episode 7 Welcome to My AP Biology Thoughts podcast, my name is Victoria and I am your host for episode #7 called Unit 7 Evolution: Evidence of Evolution. Today we will be defining the 4 Pieces of Evidence for Evolution, giving examples of each, and making connections to the unit of evolution. Segment 1: Introduction to Evidence of EvolutionWhat is evolution? A change in the allelic frequencies of a gene pool Continuous 4 Pieces of Evidence of Evolution - Fossil Record the preserved remains of traces of any organisms from the remote past, included both discovered and undiscovered Only the hard parts of an organism are preserved Fossil evidence can be either Direct (body fossils): bones, teeth shells, leaves Indirect (trace fossils): footprints, tooth marks, tracks, burrows Like timeline, different kinds of organisms do not occur randomly but are found in rocks in a consistent order, this is known as the law of fossil succession It is incomplete, and requires an unusual combination of specific circumstances for it to occur, creating many gaps in the fossil record Biogeography: Organisms located in one area of the planet are closely related than those found in other parts of the planet It describes the distribution of organisms, over geographical areas, both in the past and present Comparative Anatomy: The comparison of the anatomic features of different species 2 Key types of structures that support this Homologous structures Demonstrate a similar underlying anatomy due to shared evolutionary origin, but have evolved into a variety of distinct forms or speciation due to the presence of different selective pressures The more similar the homologous structures between the two species are, the more closely related they are likely to be Adaptive radiation through divergent evolution, as similar basic organisms have been adapted to suit various environmental niches Analogous structures Adaptations that have similar features and functions as a result of exposure to a common selective pressure, but have different underlying anatomies due to having unrelated evolutionary origins Shows convergent evolution as unrelated species have become structurally more alike due to exposure to shared selection pressures Vestigial organs Homologous features that still remain in organisms, but serve no function or purpose in that organism but were once present and functional in their ancestors Changes in the environment have caused these organs to be useless and as a result over they have lost their functionality, they show the evolutionary divergence of a species from a past behavior/activity Comparative embryology Studying the growing embryo in animals and plants show that closely related organisms go through similar stages of development Molecular Evidence: Identifying conservation in DNA and protein sequences as a basis for determining evolutionary relationships, the comparison of DNA sequences can show how different species are related Segment 2: Example of Evidence of EvolutionEvolution of the modern day horse (fossil record) Distribution of marsupials around the earth (biogeography) Biogeography the distribution of species around the world. It all started with a supercontinent called Pangaea. Over millions of years, Pangaea drifted apart into separate continents in a phenomenon called continental drift. Different species were separated on different continents. In particular, a majority of the marsupial population stayed on the continent known as Australia. Here's how it went… The blue line illustrates the distribution of marsupials around the world. The highest concentration today is in Australia. The marsupial species that migrated there was free to breed, causing their populations to proliferate and diverge into new species. However, the marsupials on the rest of the planet could not...
The problem with modern politics is that it excludes nature in its planning. Then, nature imposes her will—as she is doing now with the COVID-19 outbreak. What is the message and the learning in the emergence of the virus at this time? The spiritual elders of Colombia, the Mamos, are some of the few people who address the underlying causes to today's crisis. What does the virus mean not just in terms of the survival of the human species, but for all of nature? Mamo Daiwiku will be joined by Dr. Amanda Bernal-Carlo, a biologist who works closely with the Mamos, and Susan Kaiulani Stanton (Haudenosaunee/Native Hawaiian), founder of Grandmothers Circle the Earth Foundation, for an enlightening big picture overview. Glenn Aparicio Parry, PhD, of Basque, Aragon Spanish, and Jewish descent, is the author of Original Politics: Making America Sacred Again (SelectBooks, 2020) and the Nautilus award-winning Original Thinking: A Radical Revisioning of Time, Humanity, and Nature (North Atlantic Books, 2015). Parry is an educator, ecopsychologist, and political philosopher whose passion is to reform thinking and society into a coherent, cohesive, whole. The founder and past president of the SEED Institute, Parry is currently the director of a grass-roots think tank, the Circle for Original Thinking and is debuting this podcast series of the same name in conjunction with Ecology Prime. He has lived in northern New Mexico since 1994. www.originalpolitics.us Mamo Daiwiku is a Colombian Arhuaco Mamo (one of the spiritual elders) from the High Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta mountains, the tallest coastal mountain range in the world, source of 35 major rivers and over 200 tributaries, considered the Heart of the World by the Arhuaco, Kogi, Wiwa, and Kankuamo Indigenous peoples who live there. Amanda Bernal-Carlo is originally from Colombia where for several years she studied the ecology of the Andean Forest and the Paramos. She is a scholar of Biogeography, Ecology and Medicinal Plants, and the President of The Great Balance. In 1989, while carrying out research on the biogeography of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia, she became involved in the study of the Kogi Indians, their philosophy of life, and their traditional healing. For several years she collaborated with the Fundacion Pro-Sierra, an NGO supporting these Indigenous communities. In 1996, she received the First National Research Prize from the Colombian government for the work she accomplished on the Colombian Andean Mountains. Susan Kaiulani Stanton (Mohawk/Native Hawaiian) is the Founder and Senior Grandmother of Grandmothers Circle the Earth Foundation, an international organization that travels the world in service of Mother Earth and future generations, giving birth to new Grandmother councils all over the planet. Susan is Vice-President of the Great Balance, bi-located in the United States and Colombia with a focus on building a culturally appropriate university and the planting of one million trees to protect and perpetuate the culture and sacred land of the mamos, the Indigenous People of the beautiful Sierra Nevadas de Santa Marta. She is a delegate with the International Public Policy Institute to the United Nations Commission on the Status of Women. Traditional native flute music by Orlando Secatero from Pathways CD.Liberty song by Ron Crowder, Jim Casey and Danny Casey Photo of the Nevado del Ruiz volcano in Colombia, by U.S. Geological Survey, Public Domain For Mamo Daiwiko's full Spanish version Listen Here. The post COVID 19: The Big Ecological Picture appeared first on WebTalkRadio.net.
Another ThunkTink minisode - this time a mashup of Discrete Mathematics and Sexual Ethics (late due to editing, sorry!). In the highlights from these sessions we hear Casey and Andrea brainstorm about optimal tectonic plate formations, inns specifically for bisexuals, and biogeographic barriers to the spread of the practice and cultural acceptance of BDSM! It's a trip!