The St.Emlyn's Podcast

Lots to chat about on the podcast this month, and not just COVID! There's been blog posts about clots, troponin and even telly, as well as the Journal Club series.   Keep a look out for the new St Emlyn's Lesson Plans that we hope will help usher in a new era of medical education in a socially distanced world.    If you would like to donate to the fund in the memory Adel Aziz you can find the link here.   We hope you're finding all of our output useful. Please do subscribe to the website (in the top right hand corner) and rate our podcast on iTunes.    Take care   Iain Podcast edited by Izzy Carley PS You can find the Lesson Plans here. Still a work in progress, but as you've read these "shownotes" you deserve to have a sneak preview... 

St Emlyn's three professors, Carley, Body and Horner* critically appraise the Press Release regarding Dexamethasone in the treatment of COVID-19. What does this mean for the future of Evidence Based Medicine? Can we really start using a medication when the trial hasn't been peer reviewed and the full dataset not released?  The blog post by Josh Farkas, that is mentioned in the podcast, is here. *Professor Simon Carley, Professor of Emergency Medicine at Manchester Metropolitan University and a Consultant in Adult and Paediatric Emergency Medicine at Manchester Foundation Trust, Professor Rick Body Professor of Emergency Medicine in Manchester and Honorary Consultant in Emergency Medicine at Manchester Foundation Trust. Professor Dan Horner, Professor of Emergency Medicine of the Royal College of Emergency Medicine and Consultant in Emergency Medicine and Intensive Care at Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust.

We are delighted to introduce you to the "St Emlyn's Lesson Plans", which we hope will help structure some of your education sessions over coming months (and years). Each lesson plan starts with a descrete learning outcome, to set the scene, as well as details of the RCEM curriculum item(s) that will be covered. The first tasks are aimed at aquiring some background knowledge and can either be done as part of the session, or beforehand. These utilise the vast "FOAMed" resources (including, but not exclusively, those of St Emlyn's). Our experience is that time constraints often mean that "background reading" isn't achieved before the session, so would encourage allowing time within it to complete these. They are designed to take about 30 minutes and occupy the first half of the session. Everything you need for each lesson is included in the plan. We would recommend that each learner has an internet enabled device available (with headphones) to read and listen to the background material at their own pace. The second half of the session should be facilitated by an expert. This can happen in person, but also online, via any of the interfaces that are now so familiar. In many plans we have given some case examples, but it would be even better if learners can bring cases of their own for discussion. This element is very much within the control of the facilitator (who should been fully cogniscent of the contents of the knowledge section). The session finishes off with a summary, this should emphasise again the most important learning points. To really embed the knowledge and skills the particiapants should be encouraged to reflect on what they have learned, and to even talk to thse who were unable to attend about what they missed. For learners this also gives an opportunity to easily link teaching sessions to their portfolio. You may want to record the "face-to-face" elements, so that those who were not present are able to access them when they can (and those that did can rewatch to refresh their learning). Although these plans are designed for delivery in a single centre, there is absolutely no reason why regional (or even national) teaching could take place in this way. The recent COVID19 Journal Clubs have demonstrated beautifully how a group of learners can engage with an online panel. We would be very happy to receive lessons plans to add to the collection. This is very much a collaborative effort. Please let us know what you think of these lesson plans and if you are using them in your Department. We'd love to hear your ideas about how we can take medical education forward.

Our own version of Buy One Get One Free* this month, where you get a round up of two months of blog content.   Coronavirus continues to dominate the medical (and non-medical) headlines, and we discuss the two major results from the RECOVERY trial published recently, one positive and one not so (depending on who you talk to....). Simon also catches up with Roberto Cosentini, who you'll remember from the very powerful podcast at the beginning of the pandemic.   COVID isn't the only EBM circus in town though: we've reviewed HALT-IT and Simon has given a talk about the "Ten Top Trauma Papers" of the last year and Laura reviewed a paper looking at haloperidol for headaches.   We're having to think even harder about how we communicate in the ED, both for clinical care and to deliver education. Two ideas to help learning have been featured this month: The St Emlyn's Lesson Plans and "Background Learning".    Good luck to all those starting in Emergency Medicine, and a huge thank you to all those who are moving to other areas of medicine or other departments. It's been a curious few months...   Take care,   Iain *It's actually Get One Free Get Another Free, but whose ever heard of that?    

Welcome to our audio round up of everything on the blog during August.  As the world continues to be in the grips of the Coronavirus pandemic there have been more papers looking at all aspects of this disease. Simon reviewed the latest paper on Hydroxychloroquine and Charlie collated some of the top papers covering aspects from aerosol spread and use of CPAP to the effect on vulnerable groups and the effect on staff psychological health It's not all COVID though. Sepsis is a condition we all want to be able to treat more effectively. Sadly there doesn't seem to be any encouraging news about the use of Vitamin C, Steroids and Thiamine in this latest RCT. Many of the St Emlyn's group have special expertise in toxicology and Gareth wrote this incredibly informative post about the use of GBL. If you're not sure what "ChemSex" is then this post from a few years ago by Janos is worth a read. The anonymously written "Look at what they make you give" post really struck a chord with readers, with an astonishing number of views. There are messages here for us all. The numbers of Lesson Plans available continue to grow. We've had some great feedback following their use in induction. If tyou've not seen them yet, do have a look and let us know what you think.

Interview with Ian Roberts on the pharmacokinetic trial of intramuscular tranexamic acid.   Blog link here

Welcome to our audio round up of everything on the blog during September. It's been a relatively quiet on the blog post this month, but we chat through not only blogposts on the REMAP-CAP trial, TXA in Head Injury and the ISARIC COVID Risk prediction tool, but also the situation in the North of England and the recent RCEM Virtual Conference. The numbers of Lesson Plans available continue to grow. We've had some great feedback following their use in induction. If tyou've not seen them yet, do have a look and let us know what you think. If you're interesed in learning more about Baysian thinking this Lesson Plan is a good place to start. Take care, Iain  

In this special edition of the podcast, Liz Crowe discusses with Iain how we can find contentment, despite the relentless nature of COVID19 and the impending second wave. She gives practical, realistic advice that everyone can consider and encourages us all to be kind to ourselves in these strange and difficult times. 

A bumper edition of the podcast where Iain and Simon discuss TXA (twice), antibiotics in appendicits, VTE, Blood products in trauma, use of ultrasound in cardiac arrest and plasma in traumatic brain injury. Oh, and COVID19 (but not for long)... An evidence based cornucopia of aural pleasure. Please like and subscribe (as all podcasters seem to say). Take care, Iain

Rick leads the FALCON and CONDOR studies that are currently evaluating COVID-19 studies in the UK. Nobody knows more about how we can practically use COVID-19 testing than Rick and in this podcast he takes us through what is available and how we might use it in the future.  A great listen and lots to learn. 

A special festive edition of our round up podcast featuring six weeks of blog posts and plenty more besides. From all at St Emlyn's we hope you have a very happy festive season and we cannot wait to talk to you again in 2021. Take care, Simon and all the team

A vaccine update with Rick Body, Simon Carley, Pam Vallely, Paul Klapper and Charlie Reynard. Bringing RCEM, St Emlyn's and the University of Manchester together for the latest thoughts and wisdom on the vaccines that might get us out of this pandemic.   Moderna vaccine phase 3 trial - https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/nejmoa2022483 Oxford vaccine phase 2/3 - https://www.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/lancet/PIIS0140-6736(20)32466-1.pdf Pfizer vaccine trial - https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa2034577   #vaccines #COVID19 #coronavirus

Going into hospital as an emergency during the COVID-19 pandemic must be extremely scary for patients and their relatives. With no relatives allowed to visit and staff dressed in full PPE, the experience must be so much more unnerving than usual. Add to that the incredible worry about catching COVID-19 for those who don't already have it; or the worry about what might happen for those who do. Will they pull through? Could this be the end? I'm privileged to be co-leading the COvid-19 National DiagnOstic Research and evaluation programme (CONDOR), which involves a collaboration between amazing teams in Manchester, Oxford, Leeds, Newcastle, London and Nottingham. The programme evaluates diagnostic tests for COVID-19. We're extremely lucky to have two very experienced and proactive patient and public representatives as members of our steering committee: Graham Prestwich from Leeds and Val Tate from Oxford. I recently spoke with Graham and Val to get their thoughts about how we, as clinicians, might effectively communicate with patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. They provide their important insights from a lay perpsective about what they would want from their clinician. We cover everything from the challenges of communicating while wearing PPE to the way to answer important questions like, “Am I going to die?”, which many of us have, I'm sure, had to answer on a number of occasions over the past 12 months. I hope that you enjoy the podcast. We realise that 25 minutes wasn't long enough to cover everything we'd have liked to.We'd really like to know what you think. Are there things that we haven't covered that you'd like us to? What are your experiences? We'd love you to share your thoughts in the chat! Rick  

Our regular round up of the best of the blog and podcast from January 2021 with Iain and Simon. The St Emlyn's blog posts from January 2021 are discussed, including plenty about Coronavirus as well as other topics relevant to anyone interested in Emergency Medicine and evidence based care. 

Our regular podcast round up from February 2021. Iain and Simon highlight the key learning points from this month on the St Emlyn's blog and podcast. Topics discussed this month include tocilizumab in COVID19, TIA risk scores, new Emergency Care standards (targets) and TXA use in epistaxis. We also pay tribute to Dr Cliff Mann, former President of RCEM who sadly died this month.  Please remember to subscribe to the podcast on iTunes/Google Play and please do leave us some reviews and ratings there.

An audio review of a paper in the Journal of Intensive Care Medicine with two of the authors. Assessing on-line medical education resources: A primer for acute care medical professionals and others Peter G Brindley, Leon Byker, Simon Carley, Brent Thoma https://doi.org/10.1177/1751143721999949

A discussion about all the latest from the St Emlyn's blog, including a hot off the press article about vaccine induced thrombocytopenic thrombosis and the new FRCEM revision guide.  Simon and Iain also talk about the latest results from the RECOVERY trial, Major Trauma Triage tools, cricothyroidotomy, thromboprophylaxis in COVID19 and the new Medical Licensing Assessment for medical students and the new St Emlyn's Undergraduate Curriculum 

Simon joins Ankur Verma from Delhi, to talk about the impact of COVID in the latest wave devastating India.

A podcast with Iain and Simon summarising all the latest content from the St Emlyn's blog in April 2021. Topics discussed include Vaccine Induced Thrombocytopenic Thrombosis, how our own biases can effect our critical appraisal and whether we need to worry about grading the quality of FOAMed resources. Thanks for listening. Please check out the blogs themselevs at www.stemlynsblog.org and consider subscribing and rating us on iTunes.  If you'd like to see some more from Peter Brindley you can watch one of his SMACC talks here. 

This is the first in a two part podcast series discussing Adult Congenital Heart Disease (ACHD) and how these patients may present to the Emergency Department (ED). Dr Sam Fitzsimmons, our guest on the podcast, is a Consultant in Adult Congenital Heart Disease at University Hospital Southampton. There is more information in this blog post. Look out for Part 2, which will be released next week, where we discuss Eisenmenger Syndrome, Transposition of the Great Arteries and Coarctation of the Aorta.  Background With advances in paediatric cardiac surgery, more and more patients with complex congenital heart disease are surviving to adulthood: in the 1950s you might expect a survival rate of about 10%, whereas now this is more like 85%. In fact, there are more patients in the adult congenital heart disease population than there are in the paediatric one (with 2.3 million adults vs 1.9 million children in Europe). Many patients with Adult Congenital Heart Disease are young and able to live a relatively normal life. This means that they can travel and take part in just the same sort of activities as those without ACHD. They may well turn up in your Emergency Department one day, regardless of whether you are a tertiary centre or a district general hospital (DGH). They are experts, and know their disease well, but this does not abstain you from a responsibility to know about them too! When these patients become unwell, they can go downhill very fast and you may not have the chance to discuss with them their exact lesion and its management. The anatomy and physiology of these patients is abnormal, so they may present in atypical ways, and may not respond to usual medical interventions: in fact, some of our usual treatments may even be harmful. However, starting with our usual 'ABC' approach is by far the best way to go, whilst gathering more information and contacting their specialist centre. Many patients will have their last clinic letter and ECG with them (which will also have the direct dial number of their specialist). And if they, or their relative, say there is something wrong you must believe them and do all you can to make sure they are fully investigated.     The presence of scars may give you some clues as to the patient's underlying condition and previous surgical repairs. (BMJ 2016; 354: i3905)   A General Approach Do your usual ABC assessment. Pay particular attention to the respiratory rate - this should be normal. Give oxygen if they look unwell. They should have a 'normal' blood pressure - any hypotension should be taken as abnormal and investigated. The Fontan Circulation This is not a condition in itself, but in fact the resulting circulation after a series of operations that could've been performed due to a number of different underlying conditions:   Tricuspid Atresia Double Inlet Left Ventricle Atrio-ventricular Septal Defect – unbalanced Pulmonary Atresia Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome In essence these patients are born with a single functioning ventricle, that has to be utilised to supply the systemic side of the circulation, whilst the Fontan acts as a passive means of returning blood to the pulmonary circulation.   It was first devised in the early 1970s by Dr Francis Fontan, so the majority of patients with this are in their mid thirties and younger. Potential reasons for admission to the ED - Fontan circulation 1, Arrythmia As the patient is entirely dependent on their systemic ventricle to work optimally, any disturbance of the delivery into it is very poorly tolerated. Thus, any arrhythmia is life threatening, even a mild atrial tachycardia. These patients need to be returned to sinus rhythm as quickly as possible and the recommended method for this is DC cardioversion in expert hands. Fontan patients have an incredibly fragile circulation and any change in their respiratory physiology can be life threatening, especially if it increases their pulmonary pressures (and thus prevents the passive flow within the Fontan circulation). These patients are not candidates for sedation in the ED and should have an experienced anaesthetist to manage them during the procedure. Beware if the patient comes in and tells you they are fasted! This means they have been in this situation before and needed DC cardioversion. 2, Haemoptysis Over time the patient develops venous hypertension within the Fontan connection. This causes the formation of collateral vessels, that may link into the bronchial arterial tree. If the patient presents in shock treat them as you would any other patient with emergency blood transfusion. Any haemoptysis, however small, may herald the beginning of a massive bleed. These patients need further investigation, probably a CT chest with contrast. These vessels may then be coiled by interventional radiology. 3, Cyanosis If the patient has a non fenestrated Fontan they should have normal oxygen saturations. However, if there is a fenestration there will be shunting and therefore a reduction in oxygenation. For patients this is trade of between being pink or blue, each of which have complications. Dr Sam Fitzsimmons Dr Sam Fitzsimmons is a Consultant Cardiologist in Adult Congenital Heart Disease (ACHD) at the University Hospital Southampton, UK. Sam also subspecialises in pulmonary hypertension and maternal cardiology. Working within a tertiary surgical ACHD centre, Sam delivers an ACHD on call service for emergency admissions, inpatient care, routine outpatient follow-up, intra-operative imaging and post-surgical care, as well as specialist clinics in Pulmonary Hypertension and Maternal Cardiology. Sam holds a Honorary Senior Clinical Lecturer post with the University of Southampton as she is passionate about teaching and in particular, she is enthusiastic about helping demystify congenital heart disease for many non-specialist to improve patient care. Sam is well published in peer review journals, cardiology textbooks and specialist guidelines.    

This is the second in a two part podcast series discussing Adult Congenital Heart Disease (ACHD) and how these patients may present to the Emergency Department (ED). Dr Sam Fitzsimmons, our guest on the podcast, is a Consultant in Adult Congenital Heart Disease at University Hospital Southampton. There is more information in this blog post. In this episode we discuss Eisenmenger Syndrome, Transposition of the Great Arteries and Coarctation of the Aorta. 

It's been a busy month on the blog with plenty for Iain and Simon to talk about. The Manchester Arena bombing, new guidelines for Anaphylaxis management, Adult Congenital Heart Disease, Calcium in Major Haemorrhage and Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection all get a mention alongside the usual witterings of two middle aged emergency physicians. 

Iain and Simon discuss the best from the blog in June and July. There's COVID chat (of course). thunderstorm asthma, a glance into the future and much, much more. 

The round up of the St Emlyn's blog posts in August 2021, featuring discussion about therapeutic anticoagulation in hospitalised COVID-19 patients, non invasive ventilation vs usual care for critically hypoxic COVID-19 patients and the recent EMTA (Emergency Medicine Trainees Association) survey. Oh, and Simon's mid-life crisis. 

Our round up of all the blog had to offer in October 2021. There's discussion about evidence based medine in the REST and CTCA for intermediate chest pain trials, more about cauda equina and highlights from the Paediatric Colloquium in Australia, as well as the good humoured chat. Please see the website for more information and don't forget to subscribe and rate the podcast (if you think it's any good).  

Iain is flying solo this month, with discussion about narrative story tellling, airway management in the ED and using pigtail catheters in management of haemothorax.  We hope all you all have a very happy Christmas and chance over the festive period to relax. Do explore our back catalogue of podcasts for more on wellbeing and grief at Christmas.  Please do subscribe and rate and review us on your chosen podcast provider.  Take care all. 

The Season Finale that you've all be waiting for. Our last episode of season 8 includes discussion about racial bias in sats monitoring, CT scans to investigate subarachnoid haemorrhage and the  importance of (consensual) touch.  Thanks again for listening. Please like and subscribe and all that. We look forward to seeing you next season (in about a month...) Iain and Simon

The first episode of our 9th Season with discussion about Calcium in cardiac arrest, a deep dive into the physiology of exsanguinating haemorrhage, a comparison of ketamine and etomidate for induction of anaesthesia and the ECG Thrust.  Please do like, subscribe and tell your friends about the St Emlyn's podcast. 

Simon and Natalie discuss some of the complexities of feedback when it involved different specialities and patients. We also review our general rules of feedback.   See https://www.stemlynsblog.org/?s=feedback for more.

We made it! A double century of podcasts. In this month's update Iain and Simon talk through myth busting in resuscitation, Rick Body's airway expertise (with a side mention for high sensitivity troponin), a paper about resuscitative thoracotomy, ACPs in EM and how we all could set future research priorties. Thank you again for listening to the St Emlyn's podcast. We really do hope that you enjoy it and have found our witterings over the last 200 episodes useful.  Hopefully we'll see some of you at the RCEM CPD Conference in Bournemouth next week.  Please do rate us on iTunes, like, subscribe, tweet and tell you friends about the podcast. 

After a brief hiatus we're back with more from the St Emlyn's Blog. We discuss a wide range of topics from crowding in Emergency Departments and the RePHILL trial to breastfeeding, genetic testing and diagnosing DVTs, as well as our highlights from the recent RCEM CPD Conference in Bournemouth. There really is something for everyone! 

Our monthly round up of all from the St Emlyn's blog. We discuss pathways into emergency care research, pad positioning in cardioversion of AF and possible gender differences in the presciption of TXA in trauma. We also chat about travel in Lithuania, memories of defibrillating with hand held paddles and Simon's recent forst infection with COVID. We mention a post on Lyme disease which you can read here (especially if you live near the New Forest...)  

This is our round up of all that happened on the St Emlyn's blog in August 2022 (yes - we know it's a bit late, but there's been a lot going on!). Listen to Simon and Iain discuss the latest therapies in COVID, particularly Baricitinib, calcium in trauma and how we find balance in our work-life blend. Please do like and subscribe to the podcast and tell your friends and colleagues. We've lots of exciting stuff coming your way over the next few months.

Join Iain and Simon for this month's round up of September's blog content from St Emlyn's. They discuss managing harm in the ED; management of traumatic brain injury; Head Up mechanical CPR and fentanyl in RSI. Lots to think about and discuss. Please do like and subscribe and get in touch if there is anything you'd like us to cover on the blog and podcast, or perhaps you'd even like to write something for publication. 

In our new regular slot of the middle Monday of the month we're delighted to bring you the highlights from the St Emlyn's blog this month., Iain and Simon chat about batching in EDs, Ossilation in decision making and a whole lot more about trauma (chest drains, extrication, sex and TXA and rib fixation). Please do like and subscribe and keep an eye out for our new sister website St Emlyn's Medical School and it's podcast series coming soon. 

Burnout is a term that seems to be used a lot these days, but what does it really mean? In this episode Dr Liz Crowe explains all, and will almost certainly change the way you view burnout.  Liz, who be well known to St Emyn's audiences, has just completed her PhD on "Understanding the risk and protective factors for burnout and wellbeing of staff working in the Paediatric Intensive Care Unit: PICU staff wellbeing" and has an unrivalled real world and evidence based experience of what these terms really mean. In this first in a special series Loz goes into depth describing not only what burnout is, but how it can be measured (and the limitations of this) and most importantly how this is a system issue and not a diagnosis. In the next episode we will discuss another commonly used term 'wellbeing'. We think this series is incredibly important and hope you will help us share it far and wide. 

Wellbeing is very complex, as it is an individual construct that is strongly aligned and interpreted through a lens of personal values, philosophy, culture, faith, and goals for life. Most importantly, wellbeing is dynamic rather than homeostatic and a subjective state determined by the individual. Yet we use the term wellbeing to describe a wide variety of different things (often in terms of being the opposite of burnout which it most certainly isn't).  In this second episode of our series Liz Crowe discusses in detail what the literature says about wellbeing and how we may be able to use this going forward. Please do like and subscribe. Thanks for listening.

A special double edition covering the blog posts from November and December and more. We discuss evidence based medicine with the DoseVF trial, and more from RECOVERY, discussion about 'what is downtime' and how we organise follow up for patients who don't live in our area and what happened at the amazing London Trauma Conference We also announced some of the plans for StEmlynsWILD. Look out for booking details and more in the coming weeks. 

Lots of chat about St Emlyn's WILD and just what you can expect if you join us in the Lake District in June, as well as discussion about ECMO in cardiac arrest and just how many of our patients with 'minor head injuries' will actually have ongoing symptoms weeks and even months later.    Click here to buy tickets for #StEmlynsWILD

Long term listeners to the St Emlyn's podcast may remember our series entitled ‘Critical Appraisal Nuggets' (CANs). We are absolutely delighted to reinvigorate this project under the leadership of Professor Rick Body, with the episode on semi structured interviews. In this easily digestible and succinct podcast Rick and Laura Howard go through the pros and cons of setting up semi structured interviews and how these can be used effectively in qualitative research. In the latest episode, we cover a qualitative research technique: semi-structured interviews. Qualitative research might be out of your comfort zone: we're generally more comfortable with quantitative measures – numbers and statistics. It's something they have experience with, having previously published a paper exploring the impact of events that happen at work on the wellbeing of emergency physicians. This was a labour of love for Laura. Laura wrote a powerful blog about it here. Semi-structured interviews are a great way to get the really rich data we need to understand something in greater depth. They allow us to ask ‘why?' as well as just ‘what?', ‘who?' and ‘when?'. But reading qualitative research papers can be difficult when it takes us out of our comfort zone. In this CAN podcast, Laura and Rick take us through what semi-structured interviews are, why we might use them, how you design and conduct them, and they also have some pearls of wisdom about how to make transcribing them a lot less painful. By the end, we hope that you'll feel confident with the basics of the technique. And if you want to practice your critical appraisal, why not put their study under the microscope?

Our regular monthly round up and chat from the St Emlyn's blog. We talk about the use of artificial intelligence in research and the use of remifentanil instead of neuromuscular blockade in rapid sequence intubation. Plus more about the StEmlynsWILD conference and Simon's new role as Dean of RCEM and how you can get involved. 

The latest CAN is one of our brand-new 'revision editions' -- brief podcasts aimed at covering the essentials of critical appraisal for medical students and junior doctors preparing for exams. With the help of Gregory Yates, an academic doctor based in Manchester, this episode introduces two core concepts: sensitivity and specificity. These are two ways of thinking about the accuracy of a diagnostic test. Knowing the sensitivity and specificity of an investigation will give you a decent idea of how it should be used in the emergency department. Sensitivity (Sn) describes the chance that a test will be positive if your patient has the condition you're testing for. Some people call it the 'true positive rate' or alternatively the positivity in disease (PID) rate. If you need a hand remembering it, you can always remember that PID is a sensitive issue.   Meanwhile, specificity (Sp) considers the chance of a test being negative if the patient doesn't have the condition you're testing for. It's the 'true negative rate' or alternatively the negativity in health (NIH) rate. There are times when we particularly need a test to have a high sensitivity. This is generally when we want to be particularly confident that a test accurately identifies everyone with the relevant condition because we really don't want to miss it. We need a high sensitivity to rule out disease. (Sn-uff it out). At other times, we need to be confident that a patient with a positive test actually has the disease - for example, if the treatment is unpleasant or involves exposing patients to risk. In that case, we want a high specificity to rule in disease. (Sp-in it in).   In this CAN, we use D-Dimer as an example of a very sensitive investigation: it's positive in nearly 100% of cases of venous thromboembolism. Specificity describes the likelihood that the test will be negative if your patient does not have the disease. We use HbA1c as an example of a highly specific investigation: it's rarely used in the emergency department, but if it's elevated, we can be almost certain that the patient is diabetic. HbA1c is almost never (

This is the first podcast in our new series from St Emlyn's Medical School. They are specifically aimed at healthcare students and focus on the Medical Licensing Assessment (UK) presentations in particular but will be useful wherever you listen in the world.  Each episode has a standard format with a case to set the scene, a set of learning objectives, a discussion, a summary and a case resolution.  There are comprehensive listening notes on the dedicated website, as well as a growing set of other resources.  We hope you enjoy listening. The rest of the podcasts can be found on Spotify, or wherever you get your podcasts.  The music for this series (just as it is for the St Emlyn's Podcast) is composed by Greg Beardsell

Our monthly podcast round up from St Emlyn's Blog. This month Simon and Iain discuss the prehospital use of troponin measurement in the assessment of patients with chest pain and the use of AI in medicine, as well as an update about St Emlyn's WILD. Please do like and subscribe

The monthly round up of all the blog posts at St Emlyn's, including a deep dive into HALO (high acuity, low occurrence) procedures and blood transfusion.  Thanks again for listening. Please do like and subscribe here. 

This is the first in a series of podcasts, recorded live at the Premier Conference in Winchester. In this episode, David James challenges our current practice when we give a 'weaning plan' for children discharged with wheeze.  There is a plan here that you can review and give to patients and their carers. More information at these excellent websites PIER Network Southampton Oxford Retrieval Team Healthier Together

This is the second in our series of talks recorded live in June 2023 at the PREMIER conference. Looking after patients with non-epileptiform seizures are a challenging, and common, event in the Emergency Department. 10% of attendances at paediatric neurology clinics are thought to be 'functional' and a lot of these will also present to the ED. These problems can involve a wide range of physical or sensory manifestations, almost all of wide have significant differentials which we cannot miss.   A large number of these patients can end up with an incorrect diagnosis, some of this due to confirmation bias by clinicians, but also some with psychogenic non-epileptiform seizures may coexist with organic problems.   The history is key and can be helped significantly by watching videos of events. There may be other factors giving a clue to a non-epileptic cause. Sometimes this will only happen in one place, like school, and the history may be inconsistent. Awareness and generalised bilateral movements, with episodes that are different each time all point to a non epileptiform origin. And then there are symptoms just 'not fitting' with our knowledge of dermatomal distribution.   There are Red Flags - Events happening during exercise, neurological signs, unpredictability and patterns to the events all point to a more sinister diagnosis   Management is incredibly difficult, particularly in trhe ED. Don't suggest an organic diagnosis and leave some ambiguity. There is time to get more information and there are few definitive diagnostic tests. EEGs are notoriously unreliable. Self help groups can help.   Steve Warriner has worked as a paediatrician at the QA in Portsmouth for the last 16 years. He trained in various regions in the UK including the Midlands, Yorkshire and the North East of England before working in Somerset for a brief period. He has a particular interest in epilepsy and neurological conditions in children and lead the district epilepsy service in Portsmouth. He teaches on the British Paediatric Neurology Association epilepsy training courses both in the UK and across the world. He was part of the team who designed and implemented the training course (initially in Myanmar) and the method of cascade training has recently been recognised by the World Health Organisation and the course now runs in nearly 30 counties in 3 languages. Steve recently chaired a multidisciplinary working group to update the Advanced Life Support Group guideline for management of prolonged seizures. In his spare time, Steve is a triathlete who qualified for and competed in the World Ironman Championship race in Hawaii in 2022.  

Chris brought us his reflections amnd knowledge from some of his extensive experience as a military EM consultant in two wars. Blast injury could be blunt, penetrating, may involve major haemorrhage: you have to expect any injury possible. It's worldwide and it's getting more common.  Blast injury affects every body cavity, but it is the CABC approach that matters, Doing the basics well is still the key. Bleeding points may not be obvious so apply tourniquets wherever stops the bleeding. Often patients will not arrive in ones or twos but as a whole group affected by an incident, so it is vital we are prepared. The Paediatric Blast Injury Field Manual is a free resource available to download here and is highly recommended. Chris Hillman is a Consultant in Emergency Medicine and Paediatric Emergency Medicine, working in Southampton. Serving in the Royal Navy since university, he has deployed on Ships, Submarines and with Commando units globally, and with the Army to Afghanistan and Iraq. He is the outgoing Consultant Advisor in Emergency Medicine and Clinical Director Commando Forward Surgical Group.   

This episode of the podcast is a live recording from the PREMIER Conference of John O Neil discussing penetrating injuries with learning points that are useful for clinicians who look after both adult and paediatric patients.  There are three main mechanisms – violence, impalement and self harm, although the first is by far the most common.  Penetrating injuries are rare but have significant morbidity and mortality. The key is early and accurate diagnosis, and many can be managed conservatively. The distribution of penetrating injuries across the UK differs widely, with most in the London area, although as seen in the news recently can happen anywhere. Remember how traumatic it is to be a trauma patient. We put you on a bed, cut off your clothes, stick needles in you and take your family away. Some will also just not engage with you (teenage boys particularly) making assessment difficult. Be kind. Don't get frustrated. Physiologically there may be a strong vagal response that can hide some of the signs we'd expect. Also, bear in mind the events prior to the injury – the child may have been running a considerable distance (before and after the incident) raising their lactate (but don't assume this is the cause). Children tend to ‘fall off a cliff' – they appear well, but can suddenly decompensate – keep the momentum to definitive management going and do not be falsely reassured. John mentioned a great friend of St Emlyn's Vic Brazil and we would heartily endorse you have a look at her work. You can find more information about the Reducing Knife Crime initiative here  

The clue to these is very much in the Title – BRUE is a diagnosis in itself. Children often do weird stuff, but they rarely do weird scary stuff. In this talk, Jilly goes talks through how we can define these events as high and low risk and gives us tools to manage these patients (and their parents) Along with colleagues, Jilly has written a guideline for BRUE, the full version of which you can find here Jilly also mentions a flowchart from Peds Cases, which you can find here   There is also this superb blog post from Natalie May on the St Emlyn's website which accompanies this podcast, which goes through some really useful cases. As a Wessex ST7 in Paediatric Emergency Medicine (RCPCH), Jilly Boden currently works in Queen Alexandra Hospital (Portsmouth).  Her specialist interests include acute stabilisation and transfer of the critically ill patient, having spent a year with the 'Southampton & Oxford Retrieval Team' (SORT) and hopes to find a way of combining this with her future PEM career. Jilly has a passion for education, particularly 'PEM to the non-paediatrician', including international teaching of the tri-service military GPs, and being on the national committee to write a new standardised paramedic paediatric curriculum. In her free time (you know, apart from the kids and all that) she works as part of the track medical team for the 'British Motorcycle Racing Club', providing pre-hospital care to high velocity polytrauma patients in the 'golden hour' following collisions often exceeding 120mph. 

Welcome to a bumper edition of the podcast discussing content from St Emlyn's for June 2023. In this episode, Simon and Iain talk about DL vs VL, the PATCH trial, drug pushers, packers and stuffers, the new head injury guidelines from NICE and the AMAX4 algorithm and much more. If you would like to submit something to St Emlyn's for consideration we'd love to hear from you. Times are tough in the NHS at the moment, but we hope at St Emlyn's we can remind you of all the best parts of the incredibly important and rewarding job we do. Take care.     

After a long, hot and relaxing summer (!) Simon and Iain return with all the content from the St Emlyn's blog in July and August. They discuss four papers in detail, including the ARREST trial about cardiac arrest centres, whether clinical examination can identify life threatening injuries in trauma, the TOP-ART study looking at a novel agent in trauma management and the use of REBOA.  Please do like and subscribe and get in touch if you would like to contribute to the blog site. 

An EBM-packed episode where Iain and Simon go over ten of the top papers from the last year discussing all manners of things Emergency Medicine, including TXA in trauma, use of video laryngoscopy, defibrillation strategies in refractory VF, and ten-second triage in major incidents. There's also a very pertinent discussion about whether the age of your Emergency Physician might affect your outcome... Thank you again for listening to the St Emlyn's podcast. Please do like and subscribe and get in touch if there is anything you'd like us to discuss or if you'd like to get involved. 

One of the benefits of the use of online platforms for meetings is the ability to record and disseminate talks more widely. This is an edited version of a talk given by Dr Andy Curry, Consultant Cardiothoracic Intensive Care Consultant at University Hospital Southampton, covering the origins of Extra Corporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) right up to the present day. Throughout the talk, he gives real world experience, coupled with a knowledge of the literature to communicate all you could ever want to know about this fascinating and potentially very exciting therapy.  References Peek GJ, Clemens F, Elbourne D, Firmin R, Hardy P, Hibbert C, Killer H, Mugford M, Thalanany M, Tiruvoipati R, Truesdale A, Wilson A. CESAR: conventional ventilatory support vs extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for severe adult respiratory failure. BMC Health Serv Res. 2006 Dec 23;6:163. doi: 10.1186/1472-6963-6-163. PMID: 17187683; PMCID: PMC1766357. Stub D, Bernard S, Pellegrino V, Smith K, Walker T, Sheldrake J, Hockings L, Shaw J, Duffy SJ, Burrell A, Cameron P, Smit de V, Kaye DM. Refractory cardiac arrest treated with mechanical CPR, hypothermia, ECMO and early reperfusion (the CHEER trial). Resuscitation. 2015 Jan;86:88-94. doi: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2014.09.010. Epub 2014 Oct 2. PMID: 25281189. Belohlavek J, Smalcova J, Rob D, et al. Effect of Intra-arrest Transport, Extracorporeal Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation, and Immediate Invasive Assessment and Treatment on Functional Neurologic Outcome in Refractory Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2022;327(8):737–747. doi:10.1001/jama.2022.1025 Martje M. Suverein, M.D., Thijs S.R. Delnoij, M.D., et al. Early Extracorporeal CPR for Refractory Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest. The INCEPTION trial. N Engl J Med 2023; 388:299-309. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2204511 The Alfred ECPR Role Cards The Bottom Line ECMO Reviews  

In this bumper double edition Simon and Iain chat through all the recent content on the St Emlyn's blog site, including a review of CRYOSTAT-2 and the DAShED study, a review of the new ILCOR guidelines, flow in the ED and why silence might just be the tonic we all need.   All of us at St Emlyn's wish you all, wherever you are on the world a peaceful, happy and restful Christmas.    Please do like and subscribe and get in touch if you'd like to contribute to our ongoing work. 

It's the last episode of season 10 and Iain and Simon discuss December 2023's blog posts. In a packed podcast they discuss prehopsital blood transfusion decision making, E-scooter injury patterns, the potential for AI in medicine and selective aortic arch perfusion. Please do get in touch if you would like to contribute to St Emlyn's and as ever do like and suscribe and tell your friends (if you think the podcast is any good).  Mentioned in the podcast Gary Klein - Streetlights and Shadows Critical Appraisal Nugget - Semi Structured Interviews EMCrit - Shadowboxing EMCrit - Interview with Gary Klein A Skeptic's Guide to Emergency Medicine Life in the Fast Lane - What is AI and How Does it Work T-MACS scores Homo Deus: A Brief History of Tomorrow by Yuval Noah Harari  East Anglia Air Ambulance RAID Conference

It's episode one of season 11 and Simon and Iain chat through the blog content from St Emlyn's from January 2024. There's discussion about New Year resolutions and how to make them habits, intubating poisoned patients with a decreased conscious level and what we can possibly do to improve the working conditions in our Emergency Departments. As ever, we hope you enjoy the podcast. Please do like and subscribe, and if you'd like to contribute to St Emlyn's in any way please get in touch. 

In this two part podcast special Iain and Simon go through twenty of the top papers from the last year or so, as presented by Simon at the Big Sick Conference in Zermatt earlier this year. All the details and more discussion can be found on the blog site. In Part 1 they discuss all things airway, including where we should be intubating patients needing immediate haemorrhage control. VL vs DL, the effect of blade size on intubation success, whether small adult ventilation bags are better than larger versions, intubating comatose poisoned patients, and more.  Check out part 2 for papers about major haemorrhage, trauma, cardiac arrest and more. Papers Dunton Z, Seamon MJ, Subramanian M, Jopling J, Manukyan M, Kent A, Sakran JV, Stevens K, Haut E, Byrne JP. Emergency department versus operating room intubation of patients undergoing immediate hemorrhage control surgery. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2023 Jul 1;95(1):69-77. doi: 10.1097/TA.0000000000003907. Epub 2023 Feb 28. PMID: 36850033. Prekker et al: Video versus Direct Laryngoscopy for Tracheal Intubation of Critically Ill Adults August 3, 2023 N Engl J Med 2023; 389:418-429 DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2301601 Landefeld KR, Koike S, Ran R, Semler MW, Barnes C, Stempek SB, Janz DR, Rice TW, Russell DW, Self WH, Vonderhaar D, West JR, Casey JD, Khan A. Effect of Laryngoscope Blade Size on First Pass Success of Tracheal Intubation in Critically Ill Adults. Crit Care Explor. 2023 Mar 6;5(3):e0855. doi: 10.1097/CCE.0000000000000855. PMID: 36895888; PMCID: PMC9990830. Snyder BD, Van Dyke MR, Walker RG, Latimer AJ, Grabman BC, Maynard C, Rea TD, Johnson NJ, Sayre MR, Counts CR. Association of small adult ventilation bags with return of spontaneous circulation in out of hospital cardiac arrest. Resuscitation. 2023 Dec;193:109991. doi: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2023.109991. Epub 2023 Oct 5. PMID: 37805062. Freund Y et al. Effect of Noninvasive Airway Management of Comatose Patients With Acute Poisoning: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2023 Dec 19;330(23):2267-2274. doi: 10.1001/jama.2023.24391. PMID: 38019968; PMCID: PMC10687712. Eastwood G et al, TAME Study Investigators. Mild Hypercapnia or Normocapnia after Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest. N Engl J Med. 2023 Jul 6;389(1):45-57. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2214552. Epub 2023 Jun 15. PMID: 37318140. Downing J, et al. Prevalence of peri-intubation major adverse events among critically ill patients: A systematic review and meta analysis. Am J Emerg Med. 2023 Sep;71:200-216. doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2023.06.046. Epub 2023 Jun 28. PMID: 37437438

In this second of a two part podcast special Iain and Simon go through twenty of the top papers from the last year or so, as presented by Simon at the Big Sick Conference in Zermatt earlier this year. All the details and more discussion can be found on the blog site. In Part 2 they discuss papers about major haemorrhage, trauma, cardiac arrest and more.  In Part 1 they discuss all things airway, including where we should be intubating patients needing immediate haemorrhage control. VL vs DL, the effect of blade size on intubation success, whether small adult ventilation bags are better than larger versions, intubating comatose poisoned patients, and more.  Papers Jansen JO et al. Emergency Department Resuscitative Endovascular Balloon Occlusion of the Aorta in Trauma Patients With Exsanguinating Hemorrhage: The UK-REBOA Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2023 Nov 21;330(19):1862-1871. doi: 10.1001/jama.2023.20850. PMID: 37824132; PMCID: PMC10570916. Davenport R et al. Early and Empirical High-Dose Cryoprecipitate for Hemorrhage After Traumatic Injury: The CRYOSTAT-2 Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2023 Nov 21;330(19):1882-1891. doi: 10.1001/jama.2023.21019. PMID: 37824155; PMCID: PMC10570921. PATCH-Trauma Investigators and the ANZICS Clinical Trials Group; Prehospital Tranexamic Acid for Severe Trauma. N Engl J Med. 2023 Jul 13;389(2):127-136. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2215457. Epub 2023 Jun 14. PMID: 37314244. Shepherd JM et al Safety and efficacy of artesunate treatment in severely injured patients with traumatic hemorrhage. The TOP-ART randomized clinical trial. Intensive Care Med. 2023 Aug;49(8):922-933. doi: 10.1007/s00134-023-07135-3. Epub 2023 Jul 20. PMID: 37470832; PMCID: PMC10425486. Bouzat P et al. Efficacy and Safety of Early Administration of 4-Factor Prothrombin Complex Concentrate in Patients With Trauma at Risk of Massive Transfusion: The PROCOAG Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2023 Apr 25;329(16):1367-1375. doi: 10.1001/jama.2023.4080. PMID: 36942533; PMCID: PMC10031505. Torres CM, Kent A, Scantling D, Joseph B, Haut ER, Sakran JV. Association of Whole Blood With Survival Among Patients Presenting With Severe Hemorrhage in US and Canadian Adult Civilian Trauma Centers. JAMA Surg. 2023 May 1;158(5):532-540. doi: 10.1001/jamasurg.2022.6978. Erratum in: JAMA Surg. 2023 Apr 5;: PMID: 36652255; PMCID: PMC9857728. Marsden MER, Kellett S, Bagga R, Wohlgemut JM, Lyon RL, Perkins ZB, Gillies K, Tai NR. Understanding pre-hospital blood transfusion decision-making for injured patients: an interview study. Emerg Med J. 2023 Nov;40(11):777-784. doi: 10.1136/emermed-2023-213086. Epub 2023 Sep 13. PMID: 37704359; PMCID: PMC10646861. Wohlgemut JM, Pisirir E, Stoner RS, Kyrimi E, Christian M, Hurst T, Marsh W, Perkins ZB, Tai NRM. Identification of major hemorrhage in trauma patients in the prehospital setting: diagnostic accuracy and impact on outcome. Trauma Surg Acute Care Open. 2024 Jan 12;9(1):e001214. doi: 10.1136/tsaco-2023-001214. PMID: 38274019; PMCID: PMC10806521. Cheskes S, Verbeek PR, Drennan IR, McLeod SL, Turner L, Pinto R, Feldman M, Davis M, Vaillancourt C, Morrison LJ, Dorian P, Scales DC. Defibrillation Strategies for Refractory Ventricular Fibrillation. N Engl J Med. 2022 Nov 24;387(21):1947-1956. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2207304. Epub 2022 Nov 6. PMID: 36342151. Siddiqua N, Mathew R, Sahu AK, Jamshed N, Bhaskararayuni J, Aggarwal P, Kumar A, Khan MA. High-dose versus low-dose intravenous nitroglycerine for sympathetic crashing acute pulmonary edema: a randomised controlled trial. Emerg Med J. 2024 Jan 22;41(2):96-102. doi: 10.1136/emermed-2023-213285. PMID: 38050078. Wilkinson-Stokes M, Betson J, Sawyer S. Adverse events from nitrate administration during right ventricular myocardial infarction: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Emerg Med J. 2023 Feb;40(2):108-113. doi: 10.1136/emermed-2021-212294. Epub 2022 Sep 30. PMID: 36180168. Patterson T, Perkins GD, Perkins A, Clayton T, Evans R, Dodd M, Robertson S, Wilson K, Mellett-Smith A, Fothergill RT, McCrone P, Dalby M, MacCarthy P, Firoozi S, Malik I, Rakhit R, Jain A, Nolan JP, Redwood SR; ARREST trial collaborators. Expedited transfer to a cardiac arrest centre for non-ST-elevation out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (ARREST): a UK prospective, multicentre, parallel, randomised clinical trial. Lancet. 2023 Oct 14;402(10410):1329-1337. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(23)01351-X. Epub 2023 Aug 27. PMID: 37647928. Issa EC, Ware PJ, Bitange P, Cooper GJ, Galea T, Bengiamin DI, Young TP. The “Syringe Hickey”: An Alternative Skin Marking Method for Lumbar Puncture. J Emerg Med. 2023 Mar;64(3):400-404. doi: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2023.01.013. PMID: 37019501.

After the bumper double paper review episode, we fit two months of blog content into one episode. Iain and Simon discuss the management of the patient with chronic liver disease who has an acute decompensation, global health connections, whether mechanical CPR is more effective than human CPR and the potential effects on elderly patients staying in the ED overnight. References Conor Crowley, Justin Salciccioli, Wei Wang, Tomoyoshi Tamura, Edy Y. Kim, Ari Moskowitz, The association between mechanical CPR and outcomes from in-hospital cardiac arrest: An observational cohort study, Resuscitation, 2024, 110142, ISSN 0300-9572, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2024.110142. Roussel M, Teissandier D, Yordanov Y, Balen F, Noizet M, Tazarourte K, Bloom B, Catoire P, Berard L, Cachanado M, Simon T, Laribi S, Freund Y; FHU IMPEC-IRU SFMU Collaborators; FHU IMPEC−IRU SFMU Collaborators. Overnight Stay in the Emergency Department and Mortality in Older Patients. JAMA Intern Med. 2023 Dec 1;183(12):1378-1385. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2023.5961. PMID: 37930696; PMCID: PMC10628833. Recommended Conferences Premier Conference - 11th-12th June 2024, Winchester Tactical Trauma 24 - 7th-9th October, Sundsvall, Sweden RCEM Annual Scientific Conference

Welcome to St Emlyn's Monthly Round Up Podcast, your go-to source for the latest insights, developments, and discussions in emergency medicine and critical care. Each month, Iain and Simon bring you in-depth analysis, evidence-based practices, and practical advice to enhance your clinical practice and professional development.  You can find an in-depth set of shownotes on St Emlyn's. Please do also like and subscribe, wherever you get your podcasts. This month's content includes... Introduction 00:00 - 00:34 Do Bougies increase first pass success? 00:34 - 04:28 Cardiac arrest management - dual sequence defibrillation, personalised care and drones for AEDS. 04:28 -10:50 Trauma - Cardiac tamponade vs exsanguination 10:50 - 13:35 Sepsis - effect of the microcirculation 13:35 - 15:23 A history of race and medicine 16:54 - 18:36 Differential attainment 18:37 - 19:27 What can we do about addressing EDI issues? 19:28 - 22:20 Choosing with intention 20:21 - 26:55 The ARC-H Principle 26:56 - 28:32 Closing thoughts 28:33 - 30:10 Recommended Conferences Premier Conference - 11th-12th June 2024, Winchester Tactical Trauma 24 - 7th-9th October, Sundsvall, Sweden RCEM Annual Scientific Conference

The sudden death of anyone is a tragic event, but even more so a child, particularly when it comes completely unexpectedly. We've all seen stories in the papers or even been involved in caring for these young people. In this podcast Harshil Dhutia talks about the common causes fo sudden cardiac death, and gives a roadmap for the investigation of young people with worrying symptoms and ongoing care for their families. There are more details in the comprehensive post on the St Emlyn's blog site This podcast was recorded live at the Hope Church in Winchester as part of the PREMIER conference. We are grateful to the organising team for hosting us and allowing us to use the audio. The PIER and PREMIER websites are full of amazing resources for anyone working in Paediatric Emergency Medicine and we recommend them highly. The Speaker Harshil Dhutia is a consultant cardiologist at Glenfield Hospital, University Hospitals of Leicester the lead for inerited cardiac conditions service in the region, providing specialist care for patients with genetic heart diseases and their family members. He is a International Board of Heart Rhythm Examiners certified heart rhythm specialist for all aspects of cardiac device implantation and management including pacemakers, defibrillators and cardiac resynchronisation therapy. He is an expert in sports cardiology and has extensive clinical and research interests in the management of competitive and recreational athletes with cardiovascular disease. He is the medical lead for the Joe Humphries Memorial Trust, a Leicestershire based charity that raises awareness of sudden cardiac death in young people and provides cardiovascular resuscitation and AED training in schools, sports clubs and to members of the community.

Welcome to the St Emlyn's Monthly Podcast, your go-to source for the latest insights, developments, and discussions in emergency medicine and critical care. Each month, Simon and Iain will bring you in-depth analysis, evidence-based practices, and practical advice to enhance your clinical practice and professional development.  In this round-up of May 2024, we talk about a wide range of issues relating to emergency medicine, including highlights from the RCEM conference, including the future management of head injury, crowding, RATing and what it takes to be an awesome ED for training. There's also advice on how to be a epic Emergency Physician In Charge, as well as discussion about the use of ChatGPT for medical exams, serratus anterior blocks for rib fractures, whether first pass success matters and the return of measles. Thank you for joining us, please do like and subscribe wherever you get our podcasts.

Eating disorders are a critical health concern that tragically lead to numerous deaths, especially among young women during their transition age. Anorexia nervosa, in particular, is the most deadly psychiatric condition with a 10% lifetime mortality risk. Recent coroner reports highlight significant medical failings and a dire lack of knowledge among healthcare providers. Given the 90% increase in eating disorder admissions over the last five years, this issue demands urgent attention. In this podcast Anna Kyle, a consultant paediatrician, covers all you need to know when looking after a young person or young adult with an eating disorder in the Emergency Department. Comprehensive notes can be found here

It was a huge pleasure to sit down with Steve Smith, a name synonymous with ECG expertise. Steve, renowned worldwide for his influential ECG blog, has been a pivotal figure in advancing our understanding of ECGs. Many of us have honed our ECG skills thanks to Steve's insights. I had the opportunity to meet Steve about a decade ago at one of the SMACC conferences. Today, we delve into the fascinating world of occlusive myocardial infarction (OMI) and its comparison to STEMI (ST-elevation myocardial infarction), and explore the promising future of artificial intelligence in ECG interpretation. A comprehensive blog post with references is available here

In today's episode, taken from live recordings at PREMIER 2024, we dive into an increasingly common treatment for type 1 diabetes: hybrid closed loop insulin pumps. We'll begin with a brief overview of traditional insulin pumps and explain how hybrid closed loops are different. The core of our discussion will be centered around three case studies, illustrating potential scenarios you might encounter in a pediatric emergency department and how to manage them effectively. With NICE's recent technology appraisal advocating for universal access to hybrid closed loop systems for all type 1 diabetes patients, it's crucial to understand these devices. Over the next few years, you'll likely encounter these systems frequently. We'll cover the essentials of how these pumps work, their benefits, and potential issues that might arise, such as connectivity problems, cannula issues, and handling intercurrent illnesses. Join us as we explore the revolutionary impact of hybrid closed-loop systems, which offer better glucose control and significantly improve the quality of life for those with type 1 diabetes. Dr Nicola Trevelyan has been the Clinical Lead for the Paediatric Diabetes Service in Southampton for the last 20 years. During this time, she has seen huge changes in the management of CYP with diabetes.  She has been involved in several large multicentre trials for paediatric diabetes,  helping to better our understanding of how best to use new technologies in diabetes management in children and move forward access to new treatment technologies.  She was one of the founding committee members for the Assoc of Children's Diabetes Clinicians (ACDC) in 2006 and has been on working parties for BSPED helping evidence base and re-write the national DKA guidelines in 2020 and for the National Paediatric Diabetes Audit.  For the last 4 years, she has been on the Clinical Advisory Group for the RCPCH Quality Improvement Programme for Paediatric Diabetes. 

In this St. Emlyn's podcast, Rick Body and Greg Yates, continue our exploration of diagnostic test accuracy, shifting our focus to positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV). These concepts are vital for anyone preparing for exams or looking to enhance their application of diagnostic tests in clinical practice. While our last podcast discussion centred on sensitivity and specificity, PPV and NPV offer a different, arguably more clinically practical perspective on interpreting test results. Positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) are essential tools for understanding the effectiveness of diagnostic tests. PPV helps us determine the likelihood that a patient with a positive test result actually has the condition, whereas NPV helps us gauge the probability that a patient with a negative test result does not have the disease. These values are crucial for making informed clinical decisions, particularly when considering the prevalence of a condition in the population. Today, we'll delve into these concepts, their practical applications, and why it's important to consider both PPV and NPV alongside sensitivity and specificity.   You can find more about this on the St Emlyn's Blog and please don't forget to like and subscribe.

In this podcast from the PREMIER conference 2024, Francesca Stedman, a consultant paediatric surgeon from Southampton Children's Hospital discusses the care of the child who has ingested a button battery.  Button batteries are ubiquitous and come in various types and sizes. There are about 85 different kinds available or in use in the UK alone, found in everything from toys to hearing aids. The most notorious is the CR2032, which is about 20 millimeters in diameter and 3.2 millimeters thick. It contains lithium manganese oxide, and while its small size makes it convenient for electronics, it poses a significant risk if ingested. The danger with button batteries lies in their potential to cause severe injuries when lodged in the esophagus. They can cause necrosis, which is essentially tissue death, due to a strong alkaline substance produced by the battery. This substance acts like a potent oven cleaner, rapidly causing damage. The esophagus has three natural narrowing points where these batteries often get stuck, increasing the likelihood of injury. The situation becomes critical very quickly, often within two hours of ingestion. One of the most concerning aspects of these incidents is that button battery ingestions are rarely witnessed. Children might present with vague symptoms like drooling, difficulty swallowing, or even just being generally unwell. These can easily be mistaken for other common illnesses, leading to delays in diagnosis. In one particularly harrowing case, a child presented multiple times with symptoms of a respiratory infection, only for an x-ray to reveal a button battery lodged in the esophagus. By then, the damage was extensive. When ingestion is suspected, immediate action is crucial. Getting a chest x-ray is the first step, and if necessary, a lateral x-ray can confirm the presence of a button battery by revealing a characteristic double rim or halo sign. Pre-hospital measures can include giving honey or jam, depending on the child's age, to help mitigate the damage. However, these should never delay getting the child to the hospital. Once at the hospital, the primary goal is to remove the battery as quickly as possible to prevent further injury. Depending on the location of the battery and available specialists, either ENT surgeons or paediatric surgeons may perform the removal. Post-removal care involves monitoring for complications like perforations or fistulas, which can develop days or even weeks later. In severe cases, these injuries can lead to life-threatening conditions, such as aorto-esophageal fistulas, which require immediate surgical intervention. In summary, button battery ingestion is a serious and often underappreciated risk. Even in homes where precautions are taken, accidents can happen. The key is quick recognition and action. As parents and caregivers, we need to be vigilant about keeping these small, dangerous objects out of children's reach. And if an accident does occur, immediate medical attention is essential to minimize the risk of serious injury.  More details are available on the blogpost here. 

As the UK enjoys its unpredictable summer, with everything from sunshine to hailstorms, we bring you a mix of updates and discussions on emergency medicine, blog content, upcoming conferences, and insightful research reviews. So, whether you're basking in the sun or sheltering from the rain, sit back and enjoy our latest insights into the world of emergency medicine. In this round-up of Month Year, we talk about a wide range of issues relating to emergency medicine, including nebulised ketamine for analgesia in the ED, risky intubations, presentation skills, more about the DOSE VF trial and analysis of the much-hyped PREOXI trial about preoxygenation before tracheal intubation. We're excited to announce our participation in two upcoming conferences. The Tactical Trauma Conference in Sweden this October promises to delve into pre-hospital emergency medicine, offering sessions from renowned speakers. It's a fantastic opportunity to learn and network, with flights to Sweden being relatively affordable. The event takes place just north of Stockholm, providing a chance to explore the beautiful city. In March next year, we look forward to the Incrementum Conference in Murcia, Spain. This is a significant event as emergency medicine has recently been recognized as a specialty in Spain. The conference will feature an impressive lineup of speakers from the FOMED world, including Scott Weingart, Ken Milne, Hany Malamatt, and Slim Resie , among others. Our very own Simon Carly will also be presenting. We'll be there to conduct interviews and gather exclusive content for our listeners. Thank you for joining us, please do like and subscribe wherever you get our podcasts.  

In this episode, Dr Tim Warlow, a consultant in Paediatric Palliative Care, explores the complexities of caring for children with life-limiting conditions in the emergency department (ED). The discussion highlights the increasing prevalence of paediatric life-limiting conditions and the growing medical complexity of these cases, which pose significant challenges for ED staff. The episode begins by clarifying what paediatric palliative care truly involves. Contrary to common misconceptions, palliative care is not about withdrawing care but rather enhancing the quality of life for children from the point of diagnosis, whether the condition is present from birth or develops as the child deteriorates. This proactive approach often involves increasing the level of care and support as the child's needs evolve. As the number of children with life-limiting conditions continues to rise, EDs are encountering more medically complex cases, including children who are technology-dependent and require high levels of care at home. These challenges are compounded by the evolving expectations of parents, who are often better informed and more involved in their child's care decisions. Post-COVID, community services have struggled to recover, particularly in nursing support, making the role of the ED even more critical. The episode provides practical tips for ED professionals to better manage these cases. Key strategies include: Recognising Life-Limiting Conditions: With over 400 recognized life-limiting conditions and many more undiagnosed, it's crucial to assess whether a child might have palliative care needs. Listening to Families: Families often have an intimate understanding of their child's unique medical baseline. Listening deeply to their insights, even when they seem unusual, is essential for providing appropriate care. Building Rapid Rapport: Quickly establishing a connection with the family is vital, as these children can deteriorate rapidly. Acknowledging the child's presence, summarizing the situation, and validating the family's experience can help build trust. Understanding the Child Beyond Their Illness: Families worry that healthcare professionals only see their child when they are unwell. Taking the time to learn about the child's life outside of the hospital can lead to better care decisions. Reading the Advanced Care Plan: If available, review the child's advanced care plan before discussing the case with the family. This ensures that the family doesn't have to recount their entire journey and that care decisions are based on the most current information. The episode also addresses the importance of being aware of unconscious prejudice. Healthcare professionals must ensure that decisions are based on the child's specific needs rather than assumptions about their quality of life due to their disability. In conclusion, the episode emphasizes that while caring for children with life-limiting conditions in the ED is challenging, it is also deeply rewarding. The key to providing excellent care lies not just in medical interventions but in being present, listening, and supporting the family through difficult times. Whether things go as planned or not, your presence and compassion are what families remember most. This episode is a must-listen for anyone involved in pediatric care, offering valuable insights into the critical role of the ED in supporting children with life-limiting conditions and their families. There is more detail on the blogpost here. 

In this episode, we delve into the critical role of neuroprotection in pre-hospital care, particularly in pediatric head injuries. Through a real-life case study of a 13-year-old boy who suffered a traumatic brain injury after being hit by a car, we explore the steps taken by paramedics and critical care teams to stabilize him and prevent further neurological damage. From airway management to advanced interventions, this episode highlights the challenges of pre-hospital neuroprotection and the incredible teamwork that led to the patient's remarkable recovery.  There is more detail on the full blogpost here.  This podcast was recorded live at the Hope Church in Winchester as part of the PREMIER conference. We are grateful to the organizing team for hosting us and allowing us to use the audio. The PIER and PREMIER websites are full of amazing resources for anyone working in Paediatric Emergency Medicine, and we highly recommend them. The Speaker Ed is a Speciality Trainee in Emergency Medicine in Wessex and a trainee Critical Care Practitioner with Dorset and Somerset Air Ambulance. Ed is also the co-founder and Managing Director of Enhanced Care Services, a Southampton-based company delivering enhanced and critical care to the event medical sector, providing frontline ambulance services across Hampshire and clinical education at all levels, employing over 200 clinicians. Ed holds the Diploma in Immediate Medical Care (RCSEd) and, having promised to not take on any more work, is currently undertaking a Masters in Resuscitation, Pre-hospital and Emergency Medicine at QMUL. Enhanced Care Services Enhanced Care Services' mission is to provide and influence excellent patient care, irrespective of injury, illness or location, through the delivery of high-quality clinical operations and education. Founded in 2015, ECS now provide frontline ambulance operations across the South, delivers extensive medical cover to some of the most prestigious events across the UK and provides education from its bespoke education centre in Southampton and beyond.

In this episode of the St Emlyn's podcast, Iain Beardsell is joined by Dan Horner, a consultant in Emergency Medicine and Neurocritical Care, and Tom Roberts, an Emergency Medicine Registrar and clinical lecturer, to discuss their recently published SHED study on subarachnoid haemorrhage in the Emergency Department (ED). This landmark study, published in the Emergency Medicine Journal, explores the safety of CT scans in diagnosing subarachnoid haemorrhage up to 24 hours after headache onset and evaluates the role of further investigations like a lumbar puncture. The study examines acute severe headache presentations in the ED and the diagnostic approach to ruling out subarachnoid haemorrhage, a critical and often feared diagnosis among emergency physicians. Conducted through the Trainee Emergency Research Network (TURN), the study included over 3,600 patients from 88 UK EDs with acute severe headaches reaching maximum intensity within one hour and no focal neurology. Data collection included CT scans, lumbar puncture results, and 28-day follow-up to identify missed cases of subarachnoid hemorrhage. Key findings from the study revealed a 6.5% prevalence of subarachnoid haemorrhage, with a significant number presenting within six hours of headache onset. The sensitivity of CT scans remained high beyond the traditional six-hour window, suggesting that CT alone could safely rule out subarachnoid haemorrhage up to 18 hours in many cases, potentially reducing the need for lumbar puncture. The risk of missing an aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage after a negative CT was found to be extremely low, around 1 in 1,000. These findings challenge the routine use of lumbar puncture in patients presenting beyond six hours if the CT scan is negative, potentially changing ED practice and reducing unnecessary invasive procedures. The discussion also emphasized the importance of shared decision-making and recognizing that diagnostic testing is about managing probabilities, not certainties. For clinicians, the episode highlights the need to expedite CT scans for patients with acute severe headaches, especially those presenting within 10 minutes of onset, as they are more likely to have significant pathology. Emergency physicians are encouraged to own the decision-making process for ruling out serious causes of headaches and not defer solely to 'specialists'. The SHED study supports extending the diagnostic window for CT scans in ruling out subarachnoid hemorrhage up to 18 hours, reducing the need for lumbar puncture in many cases. This data empowers emergency clinicians to make informed decisions, manage patient expectations, and streamline ED processes.  For more information, listeners are encouraged to read the SHED Study in the Emergency Medicine Journal and explore the related blog post on the St Emlyn's website. Emergency clinicians are also invited to connect with TERN to get involved in future research opportunities.  This episode provides valuable insights for clinicians in managing acute severe headaches, emphasizing a more nuanced approach to subarachnoid hemorrhage diagnosis and the importance of clinical decision-making in the ED.

Welcome back to the St. Emlyn's podcast. This episode covers some of the most important developments in emergency medicine and critical care from July 2024. Whether you're practicing on the frontlines or keeping up with the latest research, this episode has something for you. From coronary risk scoring tools to cutting-edge AI in ECG interpretation, and the management of non-fatal strangulation, it's packed with insightful updates. Here's a breakdown of the key topics: The Manchester Acute Coronary Score (MACS Rule) is a valuable tool for risk-stratifying patients presenting with chest pain in the emergency department (ED). MACS uses both clinical characteristics and biomarkers like troponin to assess a patient's likelihood of experiencing an acute coronary event. A recent systematic review found that the T-MACS model (which uses troponin) has a sensitivity of 96%, making it highly effective at ruling out serious coronary events. Though the specificity is lower, MACS's real strength lies in its ability to drive clinical decisions and patient referrals. This tool is already integrated into the Electronic Patient Record (EPR) in Manchester, where it helps streamline the decision-making process for patients with chest pain. If you're looking for a reliable method to quickly and accurately stratify risk, MACS could be the answer. Artificial intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing healthcare, and its application in ECG interpretation is particularly exciting for emergency medicine. In this episode, Steve Smith joins us to talk about how AI can enhance the detection of occlusive myocardial infarction (OMI)—a concept that might one day replace the traditional ST-elevation and non-ST-elevation classifications. By integrating AI into rapid assessment areas (like pit-stop zones in the ED), clinicians can benefit from real-time ECG analysis. This reduces the burden of interruptions and helps detect subtle abnormalities that might be missed in high-pressure environments. AI-driven ECG tools could dramatically improve patient outcomes, particularly in cases of high-risk cardiac events. Non-fatal strangulation (NFS) is an often underdiagnosed condition in emergency medicine, but it carries significant risks, including carotid artery dissection. A new guideline from the Faculty of Forensic and Legal Medicine emphasizes the importance of detecting these cases and suggests that clinicians use contrast angiography to rule out vascular injuries. Beyond the medical consequences, non-fatal strangulation is also a major indicator of future violence, including homicide. The guideline highlights the ethical challenges clinicians face when deciding whether to involve law enforcement, especially when patient consent is lacking. Safeguarding and appropriate referrals are essential for these high-risk patients. REBOA has been evolving in recent years, and now it's moving from the emergency department into the pre-hospital setting. In the latest advancements, partial REBOA—which allows for some blood flow below the balloon—is being used to resuscitate patients in traumatic cardiac arrest. This partial occlusion technique may be more effective in maintaining coronary perfusion, essentially resuscitating the heart in cases of extreme hemorrhage. Early data from a feasibility study shows promise, with an 18% survival rate in patients who otherwise would have had little chance of survival. REBOA could become a life-saving pre-hospital intervention for trauma patients in the near future. Paediatric eating disorders, particularly anorexia and diabulimia, remain under-recognized in emergency medicine. In this episode, we explore some of the red flags—such as rapid weight loss, bradycardia, and postural hypotension—and why emergency clinicians need to be more attuned to the signs of eating disorders. Of all mental health disorders, anorexia has the highest mortality rate, and in cases of diabulimia, patients intentionally stop taking insulin to induce ketosis and lose weight. Given the severity of these conditions, it's crucial that we recognize them early and respond appropriately, especially when young diabetic patients present with unusual symptoms. The advent of hybrid closed-loop insulin pumps is transforming the care of type 1 diabetes. These pumps act as an artificial pancreas, continuously monitoring blood glucose levels and adjusting insulin delivery automatically. The latest guidelines from NICE recommend these devices for all patients with type 1 diabetes in the UK. However, these pumps come with their own set of challenges, especially in the emergency department, where clinicians need to know how to troubleshoot common problems, such as cannula blockages or starvation ketosis. In this episode, Nicola Trevelyan walks us through the essential steps for managing patients who use these devices. Lidocaine patches have long been used as a low-risk intervention for managing pain in elderly patients with rib fractures, particularly when nerve blocks or NSAIDs aren't viable options. But how effective are they? A recent feasibility study compared lidocaine patches with standard care and found that while the pulmonary complication rate remains high, the patches may offer some benefit for pain relief. While more research is needed, lidocaine patches continue to be a low-harm option that might provide relief in certain patient populations, particularly where other pain management strategies are contraindicated. Button battery ingestion remains one of the most dangerous emergencies in pediatric medicine. Francesca Stedman, a pediatric surgeon, explains the dangers of battery-induced burns, which can occur within hours of ingestion. Time is of the essence in these cases, and quick identification through radiographic imaging followed by rapid removal is critical to prevent long-term damage. Even when batteries are lodged in places like the nose, they can cause significant tissue damage in a short time, making early intervention absolutely vital. That's a wrap for our July 2024 podcast update! From life-saving interventions like REBOA and AI in ECG analysis to the everyday challenges of managing pediatric emergencies and coronary risk, this month's highlights offer a wealth of knowledge for clinicians. Be sure to check out the full blog posts and podcasts for more in-depth discussions on each of these topics. Thanks for listening and stay tuned for more cutting-edge insights from St. Emlyn's!

Recorded at Tactical Trauma 2024, in this episode of the St. Emlyn's podcast, Iain Beardsell and Liz Crowe sit down with Kevin Cyr, commander of a SWAT-like unit in the Royal Canadian Mounted Police, to discuss leadership, failure, and resilience in high-stakes environments. Kevin shares the powerful story of a tragic hostage situation that resulted in the unintended death of the hostage by the police, a failure of the highest order. Through this  tragedy, Kevin highlights the importance of visible leadership, team resilience, and learning from failure in both law enforcement and healthcare settings. Key Themes: 1. Handling Failure in High-Pressure Situations: Kevin discusses a significant incident where a hostage was killed by his SWAT team during a rescue attempt, describing it as the “epitome of failure.” This tragic event not only made national news but left an indelible mark on the team. The podcast dives into the lessons learned from this event and how the team used it to drive growth and improvement. In healthcare, much like in policing, failure can feel devastating and highly public, but it's also a critical aspect of development for teams and leaders. 2. Visible Leadership and Unwavering Support: In the aftermath of a traumatic event, Kevin emphasizes the importance of leadership being present and supportive. He recounts how he and his commanding officer went to visit the officers involved in the shooting immediately after the event, providing what he calls “unwavering support.” In healthcare, leaders should adopt similar strategies, offering visible and sustained support to their teams in the immediate aftermath of difficult cases. 3. Sustained Support Over Time: While initial support following a traumatic event is crucial, Kevin points out that it's often after 48 hours, or even weeks later, that people start feeling isolated. Leaders must continue to check in with their teams weeks after the event, when the immediate crisis may have passed, but the emotional toll is still present. This ongoing visibility and emotional support are key to retaining staff and ensuring their well-being in both law enforcement and healthcare. 4. Debriefing to Learn, Not to Blame: Kevin advocates for a debriefing process that focuses on learning from failure rather than assigning blame. After their tragic event, his team didn't just move on; they dissected the event to understand what went wrong and how to prevent similar failures in the future. In healthcare, this process is equally valuable—debriefs should aim to identify learning opportunities and reinforce positive actions, not to point fingers. 5. The Role of Organizational Culture: Kevin touches on how organizational apathy, or a lack of emotional and psychological support, can cause more damage than the actual traumatic event itself. He highlights the importance of developing a high-trust environment where team members feel safe to express vulnerability. In healthcare, fostering a culture of open communication and mutual support is essential to prevent burnout and moral injury. 6. The Value of Failure in Team Growth: One of the most profound insights Kevin shares is the idea that failure is a necessary part of growth. Three years after their tragic hostage situation, his team was called to a similar event, but this time they were successful in rescuing both hostages. Kevin attributes this success directly to the lessons learned from their earlier failure, emphasizing that failure, when handled correctly, can lead to transformational change. 7. Selection and Resilience in High-Performance Teams: Kevin discusses the importance of selecting team members with high emotional intelligence and the humility to ask for help when needed. He explains how his team differentiates between rank and role, giving autonomy to those with the most subject matter expertise, regardless of their rank. In healthcare, this is a critical point—leaders must recognize that true leadership isn't just about authority, but about empowering others to take charge when appropriate. 8. Managing Expectations and Mental Health: The episode also delves into how individuals in high-stakes roles, whether in policing or healthcare, cope with the psychological aftermath of traumatic events. Kevin explains how his team has shifted from the belief that emotional support is unnecessary to recognizing the value of helping team members process their experiences in a healthy way. This parallels the increasing focus in healthcare on preventing burnout and ensuring emotional well-being through proactive support. Key Takeaways: - Failure is Inevitable: In high-stakes environments like policing and healthcare, failure will happen. What matters is how teams respond to failure—learning from it, growing stronger, and preventing future mistakes. Leadership Requires Visibility: Leaders must be present, especially in the aftermath of failure. Showing unwavering support and maintaining visibility over time is crucial for maintaining team morale and trust. - Debriefing to Learn: After a failure, it's essential to have structured debriefs that focus on learning and improving, rather than blaming. This helps teams identify areas of improvement and ensures they grow stronger from difficult experiences. - Long-Term Support is Critical: Immediate support after a traumatic event is important, but equally important is sustaining that support over time, checking in with team members weeks or even months later to ensure their well-being. - Resilience through Humility: Teams should be built on trust and humility, where members can ask for help when needed and offer help to others. Selecting individuals with high emotional intelligence is key to creating a resilient team. - Failure Leads to Growth: When handled correctly, failure can drive transformational change within teams. It allows for the development of new skills and ensures that teams are better prepared for future challenges. Quotes: - “Failure is a necessary part of growth. It's not just something to get over, it's something you get better from.” - “Visible leadership and unwavering support are critical in the immediate aftermath of failure. Your team needs to know you're there with them.” - “Debriefing to learn, not to blame, is essential. We must focus on what went well, what went wrong, and how to improve next time.” - “In high-pressure environments, we can't control every variable, but we can control how we respond to them and how we prepare for the future.”  

In this episode, recorded at Tactical Trauma 2024, Andrew Petrosoniak discusses real-world experiences in trauma care, and the innovative use of simulation to resolve systematic issues in blood delivery and overall trauma resuscitation protocols. Key takeaways include the concept of intelligent failure, reducing cognitive overload for medical staff, and the creation of efficient medical environments. Moreover, the episode delves into the significant improvements achieved through simulation, such as a 50% reduction in blood delivery times, and the integration of performance data to enhance CPR and clinical space design. Emphasizing the importance of using data to drive improvements, the conversation explores the implementation of roles like a CPR coach and the scalable application of these practices across individual, team, and systemic levels. Listeners are encouraged to view failures constructively and leverage simulations and data for better patient outcomes and team performance. 00:00 Introduction to Simulation in Emergency Medicine 01:05 A Real-Life Trauma Case 02:18 Identifying Systemic Issues 02:46 Implementing and Testing Solutions 05:45 The Concept of Intelligent Failure 09:41 Scaling and Impact of Simulation 10:22 The Power of Simulation in Experimentation 10:56 Data Integration in Healthcare and Sports 11:29 Evaluating CPR Quality Through Simulation 12:14 Using Data to Improve Clinical Performance 13:47 Designing Clinical Spaces with Simulation Data 15:28 Scaling Impact with Simulation 18:02 Efficient Team Communication in Trauma Bays 19:04 Broadcasting and Recording Simulations for Education 19:39 Conclusion and Future Directions The Speaker Dr. Andrew Petrosoniak is an emergency physician and trauma team leader at St. Michael's Hospital and an Assistant Professor in the Department of Medicine at the University of Toronto. He has completed a Master of Science in medical education where he focused on the use of in situ simulation (practice in the actual workplace) in procedural skill acquisition. Andrew's field of research includes in situ simulation and simulation-based technical skill acquisition. His work focuses on usability testing and the identification of personnel- and systems-based safety threats within acute care medicine. He is the principal investigator of the TRUST study (Trauma Resuscitation Using in Situ simulation for Team Training) that includes a partnership with human factors experts to evaluate systems and processes during high-stakes trauma simulations.

In this episode of the St. Emlyn's podcast, hosts Iain Beardsell and Simon Carley share their insights from recent conferences, including Gateshead's RCEM scientific conference, Tactical Trauma 24 in Sweden, and the Premier Conference. They explore 'Goldilocks moments' for executing life-saving procedures in critical care, emphasizing optimal timing for interventions like thoracotomies. The episode also discusses innovative training methods like shadowboxing to enhance decision-making in high-stress medical scenarios. In addition, they review a significant trial on smoking cessation in emergency departments, highlighting its potential role in broader public health initiatives, including sexual health and HIV screening. Discussions also cover various pain management strategies, such as the use of intranasal vs. intravenous Ketorolac for renal colic. The hosts critique the traditional peer review process in medical research and advocate for open peer review to support equitable and accessible scientific publishing. 00:00 Introduction and Catching Up 02:07 The Goldilocks Moment in Critical Care 05:25 Training and Decision-Making in Emergency Procedures 07:23 Smoking Cessation in Emergency Departments 10:07 Challenges in Implementing Preventive Health Strategies 10:38 Successful Public Health Projects in Emergency Medicine 11:19 Exploring Alternative Interventions in Emergency Departments 11:52 Highlights from the Premier Conference 12:54 Intranasal Ketorolac for Pain Management 15:46 The Future of Peer Review in Medical Research 20:09 Concluding Thoughts and Upcoming Content

Join Iain Beardsell and Liz Crowe in an engaging discussion with Alice Hutton, an emergency physician from Paris, at Tactical Trauma 24 in Sundsvall, Sweden. The episode delves into the implementation and logistics of pre-hospital eCPR (Extracorporeal Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation) by SAMU in Paris. Alice shares insights from her PhD research on refractory cardiac arrest and discusses the use of therapeutic hypothermia, including experimental approaches like total liquid ventilation. Key topics include team composition, decision-making for patient eligibility, real-time management strategies, bypassing traditional emergency rooms for specialized facilities, and the challenges of scene management, family communication, and post-event debriefing. This conversation offers a comprehensive look at the latest innovations that could transform pre-hospital emergency medical services. Read more here... 00:00 Introduction and Guest Introduction 01:29 eCPR in Paris: Current Practices 02:35 Dispatch and Response Protocols 03:32 On-Scene Procedures and Challenges 04:23 Decision Making and Scene Management 05:53 Training and Handling Difficult Situations 06:59 Challenges of eCPR Decision-Making 08:07 Importance of Team Debriefing 08:52 Post-Resuscitation Procedures 10:12 Operational Logistics and Success Rates 11:20 Innovative Research in Therapeutic Hypothermia 13:13 Future of Pre-Hospital Cooling Techniques 13:46 Conclusion and Final Thoughts

In this episode, recorded live at Tactical Trauma 2024, Dr Claire Park explores the critical lessons learned from civilian and military incidents, focusing on her extensive experience in the Army and their role as chief investigator in a UK trial examining responses to terrorist attacks.   The talk covers the significance of 'hot zones,' illustrated by detailed analyses of the London Bridge and Fishmongers' Hall attacks and key topics include risk assessment, the importance of rapid medical intervention, the concept of survivability, the need for integrated communication among emergency services, and the human factors influencing decision-making in high-pressure environments. Claire also delves into practical strategies like the 10-second triage and bridging interventions, emphasizing the need for timely and effective medical responses to save lives.   00:00 Introduction to Learning from Incidents 01:52 Setting the Scene: Hot Zones 01:55 Case Study: London Bridge Attack 04:23 Understanding Hot Zones 05:51 Case Study: Fishmongers Hall 07:58 Risk Assessment in Pre-Hospital Care 09:23 Communication and Coordination Challenges 10:16 International Models and Time Management 12:13 Triage and Life-Saving Interventions 15:18 Data and Research on Causes of Death 21:43 Human Factors in Emergency Response 24:00 Conclusion   Dr Claire Park is a consultant in pre-hospital emergency medicine for London's HEMS, as well as anaesthesia and critical care medicine at Kings College Hospital in London. She also is an army consultant with over 20 years of deployed military experience. Claire is the Medical Adviser to the Specialist Firearms teams of the Metropolitan Police Service and has worked closely with all of the emergency services in London on developing the joint response to high-threat incidents, particularly following the attacks of 2017. She is the Chief Investigator on a UK nationally-funded research grant looking at evidence for improving patient outcomes in the hot zone of major incidents. She is also a CTECC Committee member.

In this episode of the St Emlyn's podcast, Iain Beardsell and Simon Carley discuss various facets of emergency medicine. They highlight a study on patient experience in emergency departments, focusing on issues like loss of autonomy, unmet expectations, and vulnerability. Suggestions for improvement include better communication, effective signage, and patient comfort. The podcast also covers a 'dirty adrenaline drip' study from Australia, emphasizing remote inotrope management. Discussions include the use of arterial blood pressure monitoring in pre-hospital settings and the merits of CT scans beyond the traditional six-hour window for diagnosing subarachnoid haemorrhage. The episode wraps up with reflections on the positives of emergency medicine and the importance of maintaining enthusiasm and mastery in the field. 00:00 Introduction 01:08 Patient Experience in the Emergency Department 02:33 Improving Patient Experience: Practical Tips 04:05 Qualitative Studies in Healthcare 06:43 Dirty Adrenaline Drip: A Practical Insight 10:44 Emergency Endoscopy for Caustic Ingestions 14:15 Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Diagnosis: The S.H.E.D. Study 18:14 Arterial Blood Pressure Monitoring in Pre-Hospital Settings 24:18 Reflections on Emergency Medicine as a Career 27:41 Conclusion

In this episode of the St Emlyn's podcast, hosts Iain Beardsell and Liz Crowe are joined by Chris Bishop, a clinical research fellow at the Centre for Trauma Sciences at Queen Mary University of London. Chris discusses his PhD research on veno-arterial ECMO support for cardiogenic shock following major trauma haemorrhage and explains the principles and applications of ECMO, particularly in trauma patients. The conversation covers the current practices, challenges, and future directions in the use of ECMO for trauma care, including multidisciplinary decision-making, patient selection criteria, and pioneering techniques like selective aortic arch perfusion and emergency preservation and resuscitation. 00:00 Introduction 01:12 Understanding ECMO and Its Applications 02:20 ECMO in Trauma Patients 04:17 Challenges and Resistance in ECMO Adoption 05:36 Current Research and Practices 11:31 Future Directions in Trauma Resuscitation 13:28 Conclusion

In this episode of the St Emlyn's podcast, Iain Beardsell and Natalie May reflect on their experiences at the London Trauma Conference, a four-day event covering various aspects of trauma and pre-hospital care. They discuss key takeaways from sessions on cardiac arrest, including talks on perioperative cardiac arrest and the prognostication of cardiac arrest patients. The episode also delves into wellness in the medical field, featuring insights from senior emergency physician Rod McKenzie and pre-hospital expert Matt Hooper on practical psychosocial care. Additionally, the podcast highlights advancements in trauma care, defibrillation strategies, and the importance of correct pad placement and basic practices. The episode underscores the holistic approach to patient care and the significance of personal well-being for medical professionals. 00:00 Welcome to the St Emlyn's Podcast 00:52 Highlights from the London Trauma Conference 01:13 Cardiac Arrest Symposium Insights 03:53 Prognostication After Cardiac Arrest 06:44 Defibrillation Strategies and Basics 08:29 Wellness and Mental Health in Emergency Medicine 11:10 Palliative Care in Pre-Hospital Settings 12:32 Trauma Conference Highlights and Innovations 16:48 Poster Presentations and Stand-Up Science 17:58 Key Takeaways and Reflections 18:43 Closing Remarks

In this episode of the St Emlyn's podcast, Iain Beardsell and Simon Carley provide a comprehensive update for October 2024. They discuss key blog posts covering diverse medical topics, including highlights from the Royal College of Emergency Medicine's academic science conference focusing on toxicology, high-potency opioids, novel benzodiazepines, and the use of flumazenil. They also explore the Green ED project and the impact of climate change on healthcare. Additionally, they delve into recent research on ventricular fibrillation pad positions, the use of tranexamic acid (TXA) in trauma care, and the importance of maintaining a positive outlook amidst winter challenges by seeking small wins and engaging in enjoyable aspects of emergency medicine. The episode offers valuable insights and updates for emergency medicine professionals. 00:00 Welcome and Introduction 01:27 Highlights from the Royal College of Emergency Medicine Conference 01:50 Toxicology Insights: High Potency Opioids and Benzodiazepines 05:11 Climate Change and Healthcare: The Green ED Project 08:23 Medical Conferences: A Phoenix from the Ashes 10:38 Ventricular Fibrillation and Pad Position: New Insights 17:22 Tranexamic Acid (TXA) in Trauma Care 24:01 Maintaining Positivity in Challenging Times

In this episode of the St. Emlyn's podcast, Rick Body and Greg Yates delve into the concept of likelihood ratios, an advanced yet practical tool for diagnosing patients in the emergency department. Building on the previous episode about predictive values, they explain how likelihood ratios help compare the probability of test results between diseased and non-diseased patients. They provide examples, like evaluating chest pain and using the Smith Calculator for Anterior ST Elevation, to show how likelihood ratios can change clinical decision-making. Rick and Greg also discuss Bayesian reasoning and how pretest and post-test probabilities are used in practice. 00:00 Introduction to the Podcast 00:34 Understanding Likelihood Ratios 02:05 Practical Example: Chest Pain Case 03:53 Calculating Likelihood Ratios 07:17 Applying Bayesian Reasoning 09:50 Recap and Conclusion

During Winter's Challenges, Iain Beardsell and Simon Carley reviewed the November 2024 blog posts for St Emlyn's podcast, marking the start of 2025. They discuss the busy state of emergency departments, critical incidents, and the importance of maintaining a learning culture. They highlight the upcoming Big Sick Conference in Zermatt and the IncrEMentuM in Spain, noting their potential benefits for networking and education. Simon emphasizes creating a psychologically safe environment and fostering curiosity, growth, and knowledge-sharing among emergency department staff. They also review a range of medical studies, including those on small bore vs. large bore chest tubes for haemothorax, intra-arrest arterial blood pressure monitoring, and the new GLP-1 receptor antagonists for obesity treatment. Lastly, they address the importance of handling bad behavior in the team and maintaining kindness and professionalism, even during high-stress periods. 00:00 Introduction and New Year Greetings 00:35 Current State of Emergency Departments 01:17 Upcoming Conferences: The Big Sick and IncrEMentuM 03:43 Building a Learning Culture in Emergency Medicine 12:24 Pre-Hospital ECPR and ECMO 13:58 Small Bore vs Large Bore Chest Tubes 17:37 Intra-Arrest Arterial Blood Pressure Monitoring 24:01 New Drugs and Toxicology 24:47 Care in the Hot Zone 27:12 Addressing Bad Behaviour in Emergency Departments 30:42 Conclusion and Future Plans for St Emlyn's

In this episode of the St Emlyn's podcast, hosts Iain Beardsell and Liz Crowe speak with Sean Brayford Harris, a paramedic and interoperability development officer with the London Ambulance Service, about the development of the 10 second triage tool—a new, streamlined method for triaging casualties in high-stress environments like major incidents. They discuss its creation and implementation, including collaboration with the Metropolitan Police and other emergency services. Key points include the shortcomings of the previous 'sieve and sort' system, the challenges of developing a simplified tool, and the benefits of this new approach for non-medical first responders. The episode emphasizes the importance of cross-team collaboration in emergency scenarios and the potential impact of the tool on reducing distress and improving outcomes for both responders and patients. 00:00 Introduction 00:37 Background on Major Incident Triage 01:01 Challenges with Existing Triage Systems 01:15 Designing the 10 Second Triage Tool 05:16 Implementing the Triage Tool 06:50 How the 10 Second Triage Tool Works 13:48 Real-World Applications and Benefits 18:54 Conclusion and Final Thoughts

Welcome to our first episode recorded at the London Trauma Conference 2024. In this episode, hosts Iain Beardsell and Natalie May are joined by Matt Hooper from Adelaide to discuss his unique career path, from emergency medicine to pre-hospital and retrieval medicine, intensive care, and more recently, palliative and end-of-life care. The conversation centres around the principles of end-of-life care, particularly in acute and traumatic scenarios, and how these can be integrated with life-saving efforts. Key points include the challenges of shifting focus from survival to quality of death, the importance of recognizing and supporting witnesses and caregivers, and the concept of 'compassionate resuscitation.' Practical tools such as the 'pause' are also explored, aiming to humanize highly charged medical environments and potentially prevent burnout and PTSD among healthcare providers. 00:00 Introduction and Guest Welcome 01:00 Key Messages on Death and Palliative Care 02:12 Challenges in End-of-Life Care 03:20 Improving Quality of Death and Relationships 04:32 Emotional Impact on Care Providers 06:41 Navigating End-of-Life Conversations 12:17 Practical Applications in Intensive Care 16:41 The Pause: A Tool for Reflection 21:58 Conclusion and Final Thoughts The Guest - Matt Hooper Matt is an accomplished intensive care specialist with a diverse background in emergency medicine, prehospital & retrieval medicine, and palliative care. Notable for his leadership in developing critical care service models, he founded South Australia's MedSTAR Emergency Medical Retrieval Service. He has also co-authored a highly regarded case-based text book and held key teaching and examining roles nationally and internationally in prehospital and retrieval medicine. With a strong focus on high-performance teams working within high acuity, high consequence environments, Matt's expertise has also extended to human factors in healthcare, cardiothoracic intensive care, ECMO, and clinical ultrasound. More recently however, he has pivoted towards palliative and end of life care, pursuing a Master's degree at Cardiff University and consulting at Mary Potter Hospice in Adelaide. He is passionate about exploring new and innovative ways to prevent potentially avoidable suffering and enhance end of life outcomes for patients in acute care clinical environments.

In this episode of the St Emlyn's podcast, hosts Iain Beardsell and Liz Crowe talk with Nathalie Pattyn at TacTrauma24 in Sweden about the phenomenon of skills fade amongst emergency physicians. Nathalie discusses her extensive background in medicine, psychology, and neuroscience, and shares insights from her research on how skills can deteriorate during low workload deployments, such as her 15-month clinical stint in Antarctica. They delve into the lack of systemic measures to address returning to practice after long absences, how cognitive and psychomotor skills are affected by skill fade, and the contrast between teaching technical skills and ensuring they become automatic and stress-resilient. The conversation highlights the need for evidence-based guidelines to ensure healthcare professionals maintain their proficiency, which ultimately benefits patient care and the healthcare system. 00:00 Introduction and Guest Introduction 00:13 Natalie's Background and Expertise 00:38 Skills Fade in Emergency Medicine 01:01 Personal Experience with Skills Fade 02:14 Regulations and Policies on Skills Maintenance 04:19 Imposter Syndrome vs. De-skilling 06:42 Aviation vs. Medical Field: Skills Certification 08:27 Aging and Cognitive Decline in Medical Skills 09:57 Teaching vs. Training in Medical Education 12:42 Future Directions and Systemic Solutions 14:31 Conclusion and Contact Information The Guest Nathalie Pattyn, MD, MPsy, PhD, received a degree in medicine from the Université Libre de Bruxelles (magna cum laude, 2001), a Master in Clinical Psychology from the Vrije Universiteit Brussel (cum laude, 2004), a PhD in Psychological Sciences from the Vrije Universiteit Brussel (2007) and a PhD in Social and Military Sciences from the Royal Military Academy (2007). She also holds a postgraduate degree in Aerospace Medicine; a postgraduate degree in Emergency Medicine; a postgraduate degree in General Practice ; a postgraduate degree in Disaster Medicine ;and a Master in Global and Remote Healthcare. She completed her Junior Officer Course with the Belgian Defense College in 2005, and her Staff Officer Course in 2008. She has a mixed clinical, research and operational background, having been deployed as a medical officer in various Middle Eastern and African countries, and having completed missions in Antarctica for a total duration of more than two years. Her longest deployment was 15 months to the Halley VI Research Station in Antarctica, where she worked as the station physician while setting up a new biomedical research laboratory for the European Space Agency. She is currently still working as an emergency physician and a flight surgeon. Her research interests include the psychophysiological measures of performance in elite populations; and Human Factors approach to isolated and confined environments, ranging from space to submarines. In 2010, she founded a research unit within the Royal Military Academy, dedicated to the multidisciplinary study of human performance in operational environments. This led her to be the project manager for designing a tailored Human Performance Program for the tier one unit of the SOF community in Belgium. She is currently an Associate Professor in Physiopathology at the Vrije Universiteit Brussel and in Human Performance at the Royal Military Academy. You can read Nathalie's excellent book "Handbook of Mental Performace" for free here.

In this episode of the St Emlyn's podcast, hosts Iain Beardsell and Liz Crowe welcome back Caroline Leech, a emergency medicine consultant with extensive pre-hospital care experience. Caroline discusses the concept of moral injury, delving into its distinction from moral distress. She introduces three mechanisms of moral injury: acts of commission, acts of omission, and betrayal. Caroline provides insightful examples from emergency medicine to illustrate these concepts, emphasizing the importance of identifying and addressing moral injury to support healthcare professionals. The discussion highlights the emotional and cognitive distress faced by emergency responders and the necessity for professional psychological support when moral distress accumulates into moral injury.   00:00 Introduction and Welcome   00:23 Introducing Caroline Leech   01:10 Defining Moral Injury and Distress   03:42 Acts of Commission   07:12 Acts of Omission   12:30 Betrayal in Healthcare   15:00 Conclusion and Final Thoughts   The Guest - Caroline Leech Caroline Leech is Deputy Clinical Lead of The Air Ambulance Service and has 25 years of prehospital clinical experience.  She is a Consultant in Emergency Medicine at University Hospital Coventry, the West Midlands Trauma Network Director, and the Trauma Lead for the Institute for Applied & Translational Technologies in Surgery (IATTS). Caroline is currently undertaking a NIHR funded Clinical Research Scholarship with Warwick University. Her research interests include maternal out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, calcium in traumatic haemorrhage, and frailty in major trauma. She is committed to improving equality and diversity in PHEM, and promoting strategies for supporting the wellbeing and psychosocial care of prehospital responders.  

In this episode, Iain Beardsell and Natalie May speak with neurosurgeon Mark Wilson at the London Trauma Conference. Mark provides an in-depth look at the evolution of the GoodSAM app over the past decade. Initially designed to alert off-duty trained individuals to assist in emergencies, particularly for cardiac arrests and impact brain apnoea, the app has grown to include applications in police services, public health during COVID-19, and community volunteer efforts.   It employs advanced technology, such as real-time video guidance and AI, to offer immediate assistance and improve outcomes in medical emergencies and other crises.   Mark's insights shed light on how this innovative platform is saving lives and transforming emergency and public response systems worldwide.   00:00 Introduction and Reunion   00:47 The GoodSAM App: A Decade of Evolution   01:52 GoodSAM's Impact on Cardiac Arrests   02:09 Expanding GoodSAM: Police and Community Involvement   02:35 How GoodSAM Works   05:54 GoodSAM's Role During COVID-19   13:42 The Future of GoodSAM: AI and Community Support   15:04 How to Get Involved with GoodSAM   16:26 Conclusion and Final Thoughts The Guest Mark is a Consultant Neurosurgeon and Pre-Hospital Care Specialist working at both Imperial College (mainly St Mary's Major Trauma Centre) and as an Air Ambulance doctor.  He am a Clinical Professor specialising in Brain Injury at Imperial and Honorary Professor of Pre-Hospital Care (the Gibson Chair) at the Faculty of Pre-Hospital Care, Royal College of Surgeons, Edinburgh.  His specialist areas are acute brain injury (mostly traumatic brain injury) and its very early management. He is co-director of the Imperial Neurotrauma Centre and am co-founder of GoodSAM, a revolutionary platform that alerts doctors, nurses, paramedic and those trained in basic life support to emergencies around them.  Mark have worked extensively overseas (India, Nepal, South Africa, as a GP in Australia, Researcher for NASA and as an expedition doctor on Arctic and Everest expeditions). He also wrote The Medics Guide to Work and Electives Around the World. His research is mainly into the brain in trauma and in hypoxia (using it as an injury model) in humans.

In this episode of the St. Emlyn's podcast, hosts Iain Beardsell and Natalie May discuss hyperbaric medicine at the London Trauma Conference with Dr. Jeff Kerrie, an internal medicine physician from Canada. Dr. Kerrie provides insights into dive and hyperbaric medicine, covering the basics of hyperbaric therapy, its applications, and key practices for emergency departments when treating patients with decompression illness. The conversation also touches on misconceptions and unregulated uses of hyperbaric chambers, emphasizing the importance of consulting certified medical professionals. 00:00 Introduction to the Podcast and Guests 00:58 Understanding Hyperbaric Medicine 01:33 Dive Medicine and Decompression Illness 04:15 Emergency Response and Treatment Protocols 07:26 Hyperbaric Chamber Mechanics 10:05 Beyond Dive Medicine: Other Uses of Hyperbaric Therapy 11:43 Challenges and Misuses of Hyperbaric Therapy 12:38 Conclusion and Final Thoughts   The Guest For the last three years, Jeff Kerrie has served as the Island Health Medical Director of Quality, Safety, and Ethics. Dr. Kerrie has a master's degree in clinical bioethics from Clarkson University/Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai in New York. Over the last six years, Dr. Kerrie helped build the Island Health ethics program, where he has provided ethics consultations and teaching to staff, patients, and families. Dr. Kerrie underwent medical training at the University of Manitoba before completing residency in Internal Medicine at UBC. He practices as a general internist in Victoria, and is an Assistant Clinical Professor with the University of British Columbia and the University of Victoria. Other medical work has included medicine in atypical environments (including dive/hyperbaric medicine, ski patrol, and high altitude environments), obesity medicine, and international health. Dr. Kerrie is also a graduate of the Physician Quality Improvement program at Island Health. In his spare time Dr. Kerrie enjoys aviation, skiing, and SCUBA diving.  

In this episode of the St Emlyn's podcast, hosts Iain Beardsell and Liz Crowe welcome Dan Dworkis, an ER doctor from Los Angeles and host of the Emergency Mind podcast. Dan shares his expertise on optimizing team and individual performance in high-stress medical environments. The discussion delves into the concept of excellence beyond merely avoiding negative outcomes, using a rosebush metaphor to illustrate the need for proactive growth. They explore how teams can benchmark and improve performance, the importance of creating a culture of continuous improvement, and strategies to maintain positivity and energy even in challenging conditions. Dan also highlights the Mission Critical Team Institute and its role in supporting teams in life-or-death situations. This episode is essential listening for medical professionals committed to pushing the boundaries of excellence in their practice.   00:00 Introduction and Guest Welcome 01:06 Defining Excellence in Medicine 02:29 Measuring and Achieving Team Performance 06:13 Small Changes for Big Impact 10:03 Maintaining Positivity and Energy 15:30 Mission Critical Team Institute 16:33 Conclusion and Farewell   The Guest - Dan Dworkis Dan Dworkis, MD, PhD, FACEP is the Chief Medical Officer at the Mission Critical Team Institute, the founder of The Emergency Mind Project, a board-certified emergency medicine physician, and an assistant professor at the Keck School of Medicine at USC. His work focuses on the optimal development of mission critical teams in and out of emergency departments. He completed the Harvard Affiliated Emergency Medicine Residency at Massachusetts General Hospital / Brigham Health, and also earned an MD and PhD in molecular medicine from Boston University School of Medicine. Dr. Dworkis is the author of The Emergency Mind:  Wiring Your Brain for Performance Under Pressure.      

In this episode of the St Emlyn's Podcast, Iain Beardsell and Natalie May speak with Richard Lyon, an emergency doctor and deputy medical director of the air ambulance service at Kent, Surrey, and Sussex. Recorded at the London Trauma Conference 2024 in Kensington, Richard shares experiences and lessons from his talk on five critical cases that shaped him as a clinician and human being.   Discussion topics include the importance of case debriefing, the impact of video recording in clinical practice, overcoming the challenges of self-reflection, and the evolving culture of pre-hospital emergency medicine. Richard emphasizes the significance of supportive and structured debriefing processes and offers insights on integrating video reviews into emergency practices for improved education and reflection.   00:00 Introduction and Guest Welcome 00:37 Richard Lyon's Background and Talk Overview 01:00 The Importance of Case Learning and Debriefing 02:12 Challenges and Strategies in Case Learning 04:24 The Power of Video Recording in Clinical Practice 07:30 Implementing Video Recording: Practical Steps 08:24 Addressing Concerns and Building Trust 12:56 Senior Clinicians and Vulnerability 17:33 Supporting Pre-Hospital Clinicians 20:35 Conclusion and Final Thoughts   The Guest - Richard Lyon   Professor Lyon is an active UK NHS Consultant in Emergency Medicine and Pre-hospital Care in Edinburgh and Deputy Medical Director for Air Ambulance, Kent Surrey & Sussex. A globally recognised leader in pre-hospital and emergency medical care, Prof Lyon works for multiple world class organisations, helping to develop current and future state-of-the art medical devices, systems and concepts aiming to save lives across the globe. A respected clinical leader and senior medical advisor to both governments and global corporations, with a track record of delivering high quality output and success across clinical, academic, research and innovation. Prof Lyon was made a Member of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire (MBE) by HM The Queen in the 2017 Honours, for Services to Emergency Healthcare, after he established a programme of work on out-of-hospital cardiac arrest for Scotland. Prof Lyon holds a personal Chair of Pre-hospital Emergency Care at the University of Surrey and has an established research portfolio in pre-hospital resuscitation and trauma care, with an extensive publication record. Prof Lyon is a current member of the Faculty of Pre-hospital Care and author of several international guidelines. Prof Lyon is a Physician with the UK International Search & Rescue Team.

In this episode of the St Emlyn's podcast, Iain Beardsell and Simon Carley reflect on their experiences at recent conferences, including the IncrEMentuM 2025 and The Big Sick. They discuss the exceptional quality and innovative formats of presentations at IncrEMentuM, emphasizing the enthusiasm and positive atmosphere. The discussion also covers key emergency medicine topics from February's blog posts, including the maintenance of clinical skills, the importance of diastolic blood pressure in resuscitation, and a systematic review on resuscitative hysterotomy. Additionally, they explore new guidance on the diagnosis of death, particularly in intensive care settings. Special thanks to Galen Pharmaceuticals and PM Cardio for their support. 00:00 Introduction and Recent Conferences 00:42 Highlights from IncrEMentuM 2025 04:47 Emergency Medicine Blog Posts Overview 05:10 Maintaining Competency in Rare Procedures 11:23 Diastolic Blood Pressure in Resuscitation 15:37 Resuscitative Hysterotomy Insights 20:43 Understanding Death Criteria 24:48 Conclusion and Acknowledgements

In this special edition of the St Emlyn's podcast, Iain Beardsell and Simon Carley review the top medical papers of 2024, originating from Simon's talk at The Big Sick conference in Zermatt. The discussion includes a comparison of non-invasive versus arterial pressure monitoring, the association of intra-arrest arterial blood pressure with ROSC, the efficacy of serratus anterior plane blocks for rib fracture management, and the evaluation of a micro axial flow pump in cardiogenic shock. They also delve into double sequential external defibrillation in refractory out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and provide a rapid-fire review of additional critical papers discussed at the conference. Notable mentions include the HEMOTION trial, PRE OXI trial, BLING III, and PARAMEDIC-3, among others. A must-listen for those passionate about evidence-based medicine in emergency and pre-hospital care. You can read more about all the trials, including links to all the papers here (part 1) and here (part 2) 00:00 Introduction and Conference Highlights 01:51 Non-Invasive vs. Arterial Pressure Monitoring 03:28 Intra-Arrest Blood Pressure and ROSC 05:34 Serratus Anterior Plane Blocks for Rib Fractures 08:38 Micro Axial Flow Pump in Cardiogenic Shock 10:49 Double Sequential Defibrillation in Cardiac Arrest 13:17 HEMOTION Trial 15:01 PRE OXI and BLING III Trials 17:08 Fluid Management in Septic Shock 18:37 Expedited Transfer vs. On-Scene Resuscitation 20:39 Intraosseous vs. Intravenous Access 21:48 Conclusion and Final Thoughts

In this episode of the St Emlyn's Podcast, Iain Beardsell and Simon Carley revisit January's  blog posts and podcasts, covering several seminal studies relevant to emergency and pre-hospital care. Topics include the Sub 30 Feasibility Study on pre-hospital ECMO, comparisons of pre-hospital versus in-hospital emergency anaesthesia, variations in maintenance of pre-hospital anaesthesia in trauma patients, and the effectiveness of physician-led pre-hospital teams. They also discuss the economic implications of advanced pre-hospital interventions and highlight reviews from the London Trauma Conference. 00:00 Introduction and January Recap 01:58 Pre-Hospital ECPR Study: The Sub 30 Study 07:09 Emergency Anaesthesia: Pre-Hospital vs. Emergency Department 13:55 Maintenance of Pre-Hospital Anaesthesia: Variations in Practice 16:57 Physician-Led Pre-Hospital Teams: Do They Improve Outcomes? 22:12 Additional Insights and Upcoming Content

In the March 2025 episode of the St. Emlyn's podcast, Iain Beardsell and Simon Carley discuss a variety of topics covered in their latest blog posts and podcasts.    Key discussions include the implications of cannabis edibles in emergency departments, expert viewpoints on pre-hospital resuscitative thoracotomy for traumatic cardiac arrest, and the use of ketamine for opioid-dependent patients.   Highlights from recent conferences such as The Big Sick, IncrEMentuM 2025, and the Royal College of Emergency Medicine (RCEM) conference in Birmingham are shared.   The episode also delves into department culture, addressing resilience, risk management, and other critical topics in emergency medicine. The podcast concludes with a recommendation of Matt Morgan's book "A Second Act: What Nearly Dying Teaches About Really Living."   00:00 Introduction and March 2025 Roundup 01:45 Cannabis Edibles in the Emergency Department 05:25 Pre-Hospital Resuscitative Thoracotomy 12:38 Ketamine for Opioid Users in Acute Pain 15:17 Conference Highlights and Reflections 27:13 Matt Morgan's Inspirational Talk 30:50 Conclusion and Farewell