Podcasts about Arabidopsis

In this episode of the Epigenetics Podcast, we talked with Dr. Frank Johannes from the Technical University of Munich in Freising about his work on evolutionary clocks and epigenetic inheritance in plants. In this episode we discuss Dr. Johannes pursuits in understanding how heritable epigenetic variations, particularly through DNA methylation, affect phenotypic diversity in plants. He shared insights about groundbreaking research initiatives he has led, including one of the first population epigenetic studies in plants that effectively linked heritable DNA methylation changes to critical traits like flowering time and root length. This work underscored the importance of epigenetic factors that extend beyond traditional genetic sequences, illustrating a significant shift in how we comprehend inheritance and trait variation in organisms. As we dug deeper into the science, we examined Dr. Johannes's innovative approaches to studying chromatin-based mechanisms of genome regulation, allowing for a nuanced understanding of epigenetic inheritance. His lab's extensive phenotyping of Arabidopsis plants highlighted how inducing heritable variations in DNA methylation could lead to significant trait outcomes – results that have substantial implications for agriculture and understanding complex characteristics across generations. The dialogue continued to unravel the dynamics between forward and backward epimutations, delving into their heritable nature and their rapid accumulation compared to traditional genetic mutations. Dr. Johannes overturned conventional understanding by presenting epigenetic processes that are not as static as once thought, providing compelling evidence that these spontaneous changes could inform evolutionary clocks; a concept that offers new avenues for studying the relationships between species over relatively short timeframes. Moreover, we discussed the exciting concept of epigenetic clocks, which play a role in assessing the age of various species, including trees. The potential applications for such clocks in environmental management and the assessment of tree vitality further illuminated the practical impacts of Dr. Johannes's research. These insights also pave the way for sophisticated non-invasive methods of understanding plant biology, which can revolutionize forest management practices in the face of climate change and other ecological pressures.   References Colomé-Tatché M, Cortijo S, Wardenaar R, Morgado L, Lahouze B, Sarazin A, Etcheverry M, Martin A, Feng S, Duvernois-Berthet E, Labadie K, Wincker P, Jacobsen SE, Jansen RC, Colot V, Johannes F. Features of the Arabidopsis recombination landscape resulting from the combined loss of sequence variation and DNA methylation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012 Oct 2;109(40):16240-5. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1212955109. Epub 2012 Sep 17. PMID: 22988127; PMCID: PMC3479620. Cortijo S, Wardenaar R, Colomé-Tatché M, Gilly A, Etcheverry M, Labadie K, Caillieux E, Hospital F, Aury JM, Wincker P, Roudier F, Jansen RC, Colot V, Johannes F. Mapping the epigenetic basis of complex traits. Science. 2014 Mar 7;343(6175):1145-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1248127. Epub 2014 Feb 6. PMID: 24505129. van der Graaf A, Wardenaar R, Neumann DA, Taudt A, Shaw RG, Jansen RC, Schmitz RJ, Colomé-Tatché M, Johannes F. Rate, spectrum, and evolutionary dynamics of spontaneous epimutations. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2015 May 26;112(21):6676-81. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1424254112. Epub 2015 May 11. PMID: 25964364; PMCID: PMC4450394. Yao N, Zhang Z, Yu L, Hazarika R, Yu C, Jang H, Smith LM, Ton J, Liu L, Stachowicz JJ, Reusch TBH, Schmitz RJ, Johannes F. An evolutionary epigenetic clock in plants. Science. 2023 Sep 29;381(6665):1440-1445. doi: 10.1126/science.adh9443. Epub 2023 Sep 28. PMID: 37769069.   Related Episodes Transgenerational Inheritance and Epigenetic Imprinting in Plants (Mary Gehring) Epigenetic Clocks and Biomarkers of Ageing (Morgan Levine)   Contact Epigenetics Podcast on Mastodon Epigenetics Podcast on Bluesky Dr. Stefan Dillinger on LinkedIn Active Motif on LinkedIn Active Motif on Bluesky Email: podcast@activemotif.com

What if humans aren't actually from Earth? Sounds wild, right? Some scientists and theorists believe we may have originated somewhere else—maybe even another planet! From the idea that we came here on comets to theories about ancient aliens planting life, there are plenty of mind-blowing possibilities. Some say our bodies aren't well-adapted to Earth's conditions, like back pain and sunburns, as if we were designed for a different world. Whether it's Mars, another galaxy, or even a simulation, these theories will definitely make you question everything. Ready to explore the possibilities and rethink where we really came from? Credit: CC BY-SA 2.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/... Martian meteorite: by Jon Taylor, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi..., https://flic.kr/p/ahEwkA meteorite, martian basalt: by Vahe Martirosyan, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi..., https://flic.kr/p/2fwtkCP APSCL: by Oregon State University, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi..., https://flic.kr/p/2jzHhhp CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/... plumes on Europa: by ESA/Hubble, NASA, and G. Bacon (STScI), https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi... Arabidopsis thaliana: by Alena Kravchenko, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi... MarsMeteorite: by NASA, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi... AncientLake: by NASA/JPL-Caltech/MSSS, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi..., https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/cat... Ocean on Europa's Surface: by NASA/JPL-Caltech, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi..., https://www.nasa.gov/image-article/ta... Enceladus: by NASA/JPL-Caltech,, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi..., https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/cat... SLMILLER: by NASA, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi... Moonwalks in the Desert: by NASA, https://images.nasa.gov/details/Pract... DNA RNA-ZH: by Sponk, CC BY-SA 3.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/..., CC BY-SA 2.5 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/..., CC BY-SA 2.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/..., CC BY-SA 1.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/..., https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi... Animation is created by Bright Side. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Music from TheSoul Sound: https://thesoul-sound.com/ Check our Bright Side podcast on Spotify and leave a positive review! https://open.spotify.com/show/0hUkPxD... Subscribe to Bright Side: https://goo.gl/rQTJZz ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Our Social Media: Facebook:   / brightside   Instagram:   / brightside.official   TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@brightside.of... Stock materials (photos, footages and other): https://www.depositphotos.com https://www.shutterstock.com https://www.eastnews.ru ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- For more videos and articles visit: http://www.brightside.me Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

By day, Nick is a postdoctoral researcher in the group of Ueli Grossniklaus at the University of Zürich. By night, he is a flower engineer and artist on a mission to communicate the beauty of plant science to the public through educational projects… you may recognize him as the guy who genetically engineered Arabidopsis flowers and leaves to have different colors and shapes.In this episode:* Where do you draw the line between art and science?* Can we build flower design LLMs?* Could we engineer interactive, responsive, moving plants?* How can we epigenetically reprogram plants?* What future plant biotech tool would you be the most blown away by?* What are Nick's next steps in his educational projects? * What are the craziest ideas to make with plant engineering?* How is biology different to other expression media?Follow the Biopunk:* Sofia's X* Biopunk on X* Sofia's LinkedIn* Biopunk on LinkedInThanks for following the Biopunk! Please share this episode, there will be new ones every week ;) This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit www.sofias.bio

By day, Nick is a postdoctoral researcher in the group of Ueli Grossniklaus at the University of Zürich. By night, he is a flower engineer and artist on a mission to communicate the beauty of plant science to the public through educational projects… you may recognize him as the guy who genetically engineered Arabidopsis flowers and leaves to have different colors and shapes.In this episode:* Where do you draw the line between art and science?* Can we build flower design LLMs?* Could we engineer interactive, responsive, moving plants?* How can we epigenetically reprogram plants?* What future plant biotech tool would you be the most blown away by?* What are Nick's next steps in his educational projects? * What are the craziest ideas to make with plant engineering?* How is biology different to other expression media?Follow the Biopunk:* Sofia's X* Biopunk on X* Sofia's LinkedIn* Biopunk on LinkedInThanks for following the Biopunk! Please share this episode, there will be new ones every week ;) This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit www.sofias.bio

In this episode, John McKay, Chief Scientific Officer at New West Genetics and professor at Colorado State University, discusses his research on local adaptation, genotype-by-environment interactions, and heterosis. His work spans crops like maize, rice, and hemp, applying evolutionary genetics to improve breeding strategies. John's projects aim to enhance crop efficiency and sustainability.More information:New West Genetics hybrid hempGenetic basis of plant root growth traits and their response to environment (current NSF grant)National Science FoundationConditional neutrality in Arabidopsis local adaptationGxE in maize root traits 

In this episode of the Epigenetics Podcast, we talked with Maxim Greenberg from the Institute Jacob Monot about his work on epigenetic consequences of DNA methylation in development. In this interview we explore how Dr. Greenbergs work at UCLA involved pioneering experiments on DNA methylation mechanisms and how this period was marked by significant collaborative efforts within a highly competitive yet supportive lab environment that ultimately lead to publications in high impact journals. His transition to a postdoctoral position at the Institut Curie with Deborah Bourc'his harnessed his newfound expertise in mammalian systems, examining chromatin changes and the implications for embryonic development. Dr. Greenberg explained the nuances of his research, particularly how chromatin modifications during early development can influence gene regulatory mechanisms later in life, providing a compelling narrative about the potential long-term impacts of epigenetic changes that occur in utero. Throughout our conversation, we examined the intricate relationship between DNA methylation and Polycomb repression, discussing how these epigenetic mechanisms interact and the functional outcomes of their regulation. Dr. Greenberg's insights into his recent studies reveal a commitment to unraveling the complexities of enhancer-promoter interactions in the context of epigenetic regulation.   References Greenberg, M. V., Ausin, I., Chan, S. W., Cokus, S. J., Cuperus, J. T., Feng, S., Law, J. A., Chu, C., Pellegrini, M., Carrington, J. C., & Jacobsen, S. E. (2011). Identification of genes required for de novo DNA methylation in Arabidopsis. Epigenetics, 6(3), 344–354. https://doi.org/10.4161/epi.6.3.14242 Greenberg, M. V., Glaser, J., Borsos, M., Marjou, F. E., Walter, M., Teissandier, A., & Bourc'his, D. (2017). Transient transcription in the early embryo sets an epigenetic state that programs postnatal growth. Nature genetics, 49(1), 110–118. https://doi.org/10.1038/ng.3718 Greenberg, M., Teissandier, A., Walter, M., Noordermeer, D., & Bourc'his, D. (2019). Dynamic enhancer partitioning instructs activation of a growth-related gene during exit from naïve pluripotency. eLife, 8, e44057. https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.44057 Monteagudo-Sánchez, A., Richard Albert, J., Scarpa, M., Noordermeer, D., & Greenberg, M. V. C. (2024). The impact of the embryonic DNA methylation program on CTCF-mediated genome regulation. Nucleic acids research, 52(18), 10934–10950. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkae724 Richard Albert, J., Urli, T., Monteagudo-Sánchez, A., Le Breton, A., Sultanova, A., David, A., Scarpa, M., Schulz, M., & Greenberg, M. V. C. (2024). DNA methylation shapes the Polycomb landscape during the exit from naive pluripotency. Nature structural & molecular biology, 10.1038/s41594-024-01405-4. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41594-024-01405-4   Related Episodes DNA Methylation and Mammalian Development (Déborah Bourc'his) Circulating Epigenetic Biomarkers in Cancer (Charlotte Proudhon) Epigenetic Mechanisms in Genome Regulation and Developmental Programming (James Hackett)   Contact Epigenetics Podcast on Mastodon Epigenetics Podcast on Bluesky Dr. Stefan Dillinger on LinkedIn Active Motif on LinkedIn Active Motif on Bluesky Email: podcast@activemotif.com

Que se passerait-il si on arrosait les plantes avec un peu d'alcool ? Cette question est moins incongrue qu'elle n'en a l'air. En effet, des chercheurs japonais ont remarqué que des plantes exposées à la sécheresse produisaient un peu d'éthanol, connu aussi sous le nom d'alcool éthylique. Cette réaction de la plante lui permet de mieux s'adapter à une éventuelle privation d'eau. Des chercheurs japonais se sont demandé ce qui arriverait s'ils arrosaient des plantes avec une solution composée d'eau et de 0,1 % d'éthanol. Après avoir arrosé les plantes deux semaines, ils ont renouvelé l'expérience durant trois jours, arrosant du riz et du blé avec cette eau légèrement alcoolisée. Puis ils ont privé les plantes d'eau. Les recherches ont été plus poussées sur une plante herbacée appelée Arabidopsis. Des plantes mieux armées contre la sécheresse Les résultats de cette expérience semblent très probants. En effet, les trois quarts des plantes ayant reçu un peu d'éthanol ont résisté au stress hydrique, alors que seulement 5 % de celles qui n'ont pas bénéficié de ce traitement ont survécu à la sécheresse. En étudiant de plus près le comportement de plants d'Arabidopsis arrosés avec de l'eau additionnée d'éthanol, les scientifiques ont mieux compris les mécanismes en cause. En effet, ils se sont aperçus que, en cas d'arrosage à l'éthanol, les stomates de ces plantes avaient tendance à se fermer. Il s'agit de petits orifices situés sur les feuilles, qui assurent les échanges de la plante avec l'atmosphère. Autrement dit, c'est ce qui permet aux plantes de transpirer. Les chercheurs ont également remarqué que ces plantes fabriquaient plus de sucres. Autant de mécanismes qui facilitent la rétention d'eau. Ils permettent donc à la plante de mieux résister à la sécheresse. L'ajout d'un peu d'alcool dans l'eau d'arrosage permettrait donc d'anticiper et de renforcer ces processus. Certains y voient déjà un moyen d'accroître la production alimentaire dans un contexte marqué à la fois par l'augmentation de la population mondiale et la limitation des ressources en eau liée aux changements climatiques. D'après les spécialistes, cependant, ce procédé ne serait pas sans présenter certaines limites. Hébergé par Acast. Visitez acast.com/privacy pour plus d'informations.

Además de Arabidopsis thaliana, otras plantas modelo importantes incluyen Zea mays (maíz), Oryza sativa arroz), Medicago truncatula (alfalfa), Brachypodium distachyon y Solanum lycopersicum (tomate). Estas plantas son utilizadas por su relevancia económica, diversidad genética, y características específicas que facilitan estudios de genética, fisiología y biotecnología vegetal. El maíz y el arroz son esenciales para estudios de monocotiledóneas y cultivos alimentarios. Medicago truncatula es clave en estudios de leguminosas y simbiosis con bacterias fijadoras de nitrógeno. Brachypodium distachyon es una gramínea modelo, mientras que el tomate se estudia por su relevancia en biología de frutos y patología vegetal.  https://podcastagricultura.com/episodio-451/ Agronación: ⁠https://agronacion.com⁠

Our Mission Specialist for this episode is the wonderful Borja Barbero Barcenilla, who is talking about what happens to plant telomeres in space. Borja and I had a brilliant chat about his breathtaking research, including an upcoming flight experiment, a special mutant Arabidopsis strain, and the sci-fi experience of putting your plants into a particle accelerator. And if you've ever wondered what plant a Spaniard would choose to take into space, well… you won't want to miss it!   Sign up for the Gardeners of the Galaxy: MIssion Report newsletter to get new episode alerts and bonus astrobotany content: https://emmadoughty.substack.com/.

Follow me @samirkaji for my thoughts on the venture market, with a focus on the continued evolution of the VC landscape.We have a conversation with Samir Kaul from Khosla Ventures. Founded in 2004, Khosla is one of the largest and most well-known venture capital firms in the world and led by legendary investor and entrepreneur Vinod Khosla. The firm is known for investing in companies that are solving very large and complex problems. The firm currently has over $15B in AUM investing in companies such as Square, Doordash, Stripe, OpenAI, and Impossible Foods.During the episode, we covered investing across cycles, the market insanity we saw pre-2022, and how they approach both building a firm and investing. Note: We recorded this prior to the news that Keith Rabois was rejoining the firm, hence no mention of it during the discussion.About Samir Kaul:Samir Kaul is a Founding Partner and Managing Director at Khosla Ventures, and he specializes in investments across health, sustainability, food, and advanced technology sectors. His notable investments leading to successful exits through IPOs or acquisitions include companies like Vicarious Surgical, View, Guardant Health, Nutanix, Oscar, Quantumscape, Granular, SLD, NanoH2O, Iora Health, and Raxium. Additionally, he has played a pivotal role in investments in transformative startups such as Impossible Foods, Mojo Vision, Primer, and many others, demonstrating a keen eye for identifying and nurturing groundbreaking technologies and business models.Before joining Khosla Ventures, Samir's career was marked by significant achievements in biotechnology and venture capital at Flagship Ventures and the Institute for Genomic Research, where he contributed to pioneering efforts in genomics and biotech startups like Helicos BioSciences and Codon Devices. His work in sequencing the Arabidopsis genome set new standards for efficiency and impact in the field of genomics. Beyond his professional endeavors, Samir is deeply committed to philanthropy, serving on the boards of the Tipping Point Community, UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital, and the US Ski and Snowboard Association, showcasing his dedication to societal betterment and healthcare.In this episode, we discuss:(01:45) Samir's career path to venture(05:15) Traits of Successful Entrepreneurs(06:04) Building Long-term Companies(08:49) Venture Capital's Role Beyond Funding(12:13) Evolution of Venture Capital(16:15) AI and Tech Super Cycles(22:24) Learning from Past Mistakes(28:03) Investing in High Conviction Trends(32:33) Firm Culture and Decision Making(37:17) Hiring and Building a VC Team(39:12) Advice to Younger SelfI'd love to know what you took away from this conversation with Samir. Follow me @SamirKaji and give me your insights and questions with the hashtag #ventureunlocked. If you'd like to be considered as a guest or have someone you'd like to hear from (GP or LP), drop me a direct message on Twitter.Podcast Production support provided by Agent Bee  This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit ventureunlocked.substack.com

Thanks for joining us, today we welcome Dr. Jack Schultz, Research Professor in the Department of Biology and Biochemistry at the University of Houston. His research has focused on the chemical and molecular interactions between plants and insect herbivores. And those relationships are what Monte and Dr. Schultz explore as they discuss the amazing communications being discovered between plants and insects. It's a fascinating conversation so let's jump right in. Dr. Schultz's research has focused on the chemical and molecular bases of interactions between plants and insect herbivores, integrating insect physiology and behavior with plant chemistry, molecular biology and ecology. He (with undergraduate Ian Baldwin) was the first to demonstrate volatile signaling by and among plants. He also studied the role of plant tannins induced by insect attack in defending plants against pests and found that some interfere with biocontrol. Gene expression underlies defense induction by plants. The Schultz lab demonstrated the relationship between gene expression, resource allocation, defense compound production and plant defense using the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. They also found that salivary signals allow some insects to block plant defense responses. Some insects induce the development of unique organs on plants called ‘galls.' Galls house the insect and provide concentrated food resources. A team led by Schultz demonstrated that development of the gall formed on grape leaves by grape phylloxera involves plant genetic pathways unrelated to leaf development and requires relatively undifferentiated leaf cells and manipulation of plant hormones. In 2007, Schultz became Director of the Christopher Bond Life Science Center at the University of Missouri, where he led interdisciplinary research by faculty from 8 departments in 6 colleges. Funded by the Howard Hughes Medical Institute and NSF, he developed and taught in a training program in science communication for graduate students. Schultz has also taught tropical ecology and studied plant defenses in Costa Rica, primarily at the La Selva Biological Station. https://uh.edu/nsm/biology-biochemistry/people/profiles/jack-schultz/ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15923339/ Got questions you want answered? Send them our way and we'll do our best to research and find answers. Know someone you think would be great on the AgEmerge stage or podcast? Send your questions or suggestions to kim@asn.farm we'd love to hear from you.

This treehugger episode meanders through Ivyland and investigates the extensive properties and uses of ivy, Hedera helix. Ivies (Araliaceae) are a diverse genus of evergreen plants native to regions spanning Europe, across central-southern Asia, and N Africa. Its botanical name is rooted in Latin; Hedera is related to its traditional medicinal uses. Known for its climbing or ground-creeping nature, ivy offers various ecological benefits such as habitat and shelter for wildlife, acts as a late-season food source for pollinators, offers berries for birds, controls soil erosion, regulates microclimates, and contributes to carbon sequestration. Additionally, it has several human benefits, including air purification, aesthetic appeal, thermal regulation, stress reduction, and medicinal uses. The podcast explores ivy's role in herbal remedies, emphasizing its traditional uses in respiratory health, anti-inflammatory properties, skin health, antioxidant effects, and wound healing.  Then in a detailed conversation, treehugger guest, Toby Query, discusses the complexity of his relationship with ivy. We explore ivy's growth patterns, methods of removal such as mechanical means and herbicides, and concerns about the environmental impact of these methods. The conversation delves into the benefits of ivy, such as supporting wildlife and contributing to soil moisture and the mycorrhizal network. The need for a context-specific approach to ivy management is emphasized, challenging myths and emphasizing the importance of further research. Ultimately, ivy is recognized as a diverse and ecologically important plant with cultural and historical significance. Toby Query is an ecologist based in Portland, known for his extensive work in the city's Revegetation Program since 1999. He focuses on stewarding natural areas, particularly the Shwah kuk wetlands, in collaboration with Indigenous communities. Toby is also the founder of Portland Ecologists Unite!, a group which created spaces to learn, discuss, and connect over current ecological issues. He holds a certification as a Senior Ecologist from the Ecological Society of America and is an active contributor to The Nature of Cities website. Toby has a passion for mycelial networks and is engaged in learning and teaching about fungi. peruse the scientific literature on Hedera helix via Google Scholar, new select articles below: Detommaso, M., Costanzo, V., Nocera, F., & Evola, G. (2023). Evaluation of the cooling potential of a vertical greenery system coupled to a building through an experimentally validated transient model. Building and Environment, 110769. Lukas, K., Dötterl, S., Ayasse, M., & Burger, H. (2023). Colletes hederae bees are equally attracted by visual and olfactory cues of inconspicuous Hedera helix flowers. Chemoecology, 1-9. Milliken, W. (2023). Ethnoveterinary data in Britain and Ireland: can native herbal medicine promote animal health?. Ethnobotany Research and Applications, 26, 1-32. Sax, D. F., Schlaepfer, M. A., & Olden, J. D. (2022). Valuing the contributions of non-native species to people and nature. Trends in ecology & evolution, 37(12), 1058-1066. Vercruysse, W., Kunnen, K., Gomes, C. L., Marchal, W., Cuypers, A., & Vandamme, D. (2023). Common Ivy (Hedera helix L.) Derived Biochar's Potential as a Substrate Amendment: Effects of Leached Nutrients on Arabidopsis thaliana Plant Development. Waste and Biomass Valorization, 1-12. Read Indigenous scholarship! Wehi, P. M., Kamelamela, K. L., Whyte, K., Watene, K., & Reo, N. (2023). Contribution of Indigenous Peoples' understandings and relational frameworks to invasive alien species management. People and Nature. It takes a community to keep a podcast going. I am totally independent, and you can donate to help cover the small overhead for the show. @myadrick via Paypal and Venmo and CashApp. Subscribe, rate and review the show please on whichever podcast platform you enjoy listening to. It helps people find the show. Or tell a friend about the show. Music for this episode is from John Patitucci and TrackTribe

Jose Miguel Martínez Zapater, doctor en Biología, es el actual Director del Instituto de la Vid y del Vino, Centro de investigación creado por el Gobierno de La Rioja, el CSIC y la Universidad de La Rioja con el objeto de realizar proyectos y estudios de investigación en torno a la planta de la vid, las uvas y el vino. El Dr. Martínez Zapater nos cuenta su interesantísima trayectoria investigadora, desde su formación en Biología en Madrid y su estancia durante 4 años en el Plant Research Lab de Michigan, Estados Unidos, donde participó en estudios pioneros genéticos muy importantes realizados con la Arabidopsis thaliana, que se utiliza como modelo de estudio genético en plantas. En este episodio hablamos sobre el genoma y reproducción de la vid, las variedades de uvas y vinos, las características que determinan a un buen vino, y comentarios sobre los efectos del vino sobre la salud.   2:00 Inicios: Biología en la UAM. Tesis sobre origen y genética de la patata 7:30 Investigando en USA. Arabidposis thaliana, modelo de estudio genético en plantas 17:00 Plant Research Lab, Michigan. Chris Somerville. Regreso España INIA-CNB-CSIC 21:00 ¿Que es el Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino? 26:00 Genoma de la Vid. 500 millones de pares de bases. 30:00 Reproducción de la Vid. Hermafroditas: Flores masculinas y femeninas  37:00 Domesticación de la Vid hace 8.000 años.  41:00 Variedades de uvas y vinos. Filoxera. 54:00 Características que determinan al vino: variedad genetica, clima/suelo, elaboración 1:03:30 Vino y salud. Controversias. Los polifenoles y sus positivos efectos.  1:15:00 Mis momentos EUREKA.  1:23:30 Mis Aficiones: Viajes, Naturaleza, Literatura, Pintura 1:24:30 Libros Recomendados: Sapiens, Orígenes, Colapso (Jared Diamond) 1:28:30 Países a visitar: Méjico, países del Mediterráneo 1:30:30 Mis vinos preferidos 1:34:00 España en el top 3 en calidad de vino y Conclusiones

It feeds on flesh, it kills but can't be killed, and it's coming for your fruits and veggies. That's right, I'm talking about Botrytis cinerea, a widespread necrotrophic fungal pathogen that affects over 200 different plant species, including common food crops. Tune in to learn: What this fungus looks like, how it's transmitted to plants, and what happens once a plant is infected Plant defenses – how plants use small interfering RNA and extracellular vesicles to disrupt the production of fungal proteins What allows certain plants to grow toward the sun New insight into what might enable this fungus to be so widespread and difficult to kill PhD candidate at UC Riverside, Claire Whitaker, spends her days studying the relationship between this deadly fungus and its host, using Arabidopsis thaliana as the model plant in the lab. More specifically, she's looking for certain fungal proteins responsible for the virulence of the fungus. She discusses the mode of transmission and method of attack, the use of fungicides, plant physiology, extracellular vesicles, and much more. Press play for all the details. Episode also available on Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/3bO8R6q

In this episode of the Epigenetics Podcast, we talked with Mary Gehring from MIT about her work on transgenerational inheritance and epigenetic imprinting in plants. Mary Gehring and her team are focusing on plant epigenetics and genetic imprinting in plants, studying DNA methylation in Arabidopsis. They have found significant differences in DNA methylation between the embryo and endosperm of plants, particularly in relation to imprinted genes. She also discusses their work on hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) in Arabidopsis and the challenges of detecting and studying this epigenetic modification. Next, we discuss the regulatory circuit involving ROS1, a DNA glycosylase involved in demethylation, and its role in maintaining epigenetic homeostasis. The interview concludes with a discussion of CUT&RUN, which the lab has adapted for use in plants. Due to its low input requirements this method has been valuable in studying various plant tissues and has influenced Mary Gehring's research on imprinting in Arabidopsis endosperm.   References Gehring, M., Bubb, K. L., & Henikoff, S. (2009). Extensive demethylation of repetitive elements during seed development underlies gene imprinting. Science (New York, N.Y.), 324(5933), 1447–1451. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1171609 Pignatta, D., Erdmann, R. M., Scheer, E., Picard, C. L., Bell, G. W., & Gehring, M. (2014). Natural epigenetic polymorphisms lead to intraspecific variation in Arabidopsis gene imprinting. eLife, 3, e03198. https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.03198 Klosinska, M., Picard, C. L., & Gehring, M. (2016). Conserved imprinting associated with unique epigenetic signatures in the Arabidopsis genus. Nature plants, 2, 16145. https://doi.org/10.1038/nplants.2016.145 Zheng, X. Y., & Gehring, M. (2019). Low-input chromatin profiling in Arabidopsis endosperm using CUT&RUN. Plant reproduction, 32(1), 63–75. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00497-018-00358-1   Related Episodes The Role of Small RNAs in Transgenerational Inheritance in C. elegans (Oded Rechavi) Epigenetic Influence on Memory Formation and Inheritance (Isabelle Mansuy) The Epigenetics of Human Sperm Cells (Sarah Kimmins)   Contact Epigenetics Podcast on Twitter Epigenetics Podcast on Instagram Epigenetics Podcast on Mastodon Active Motif on Twitter Active Motif on LinkedIn Email: podcast@activemotif.com

Article: Extensive embryonic patterning without cellular differentiation primes the plant epidermis for efficient post-embryonic stomatal activities Journal: Developmental Cell Year: 2023 Guest: Margot Smit Host: Arif Ashraf Abstract Plant leaves feature epidermal stomata that are organized in stereotyped patterns. How does the pattern originate? We provide transcriptomic, imaging, and genetic evidence that Arabidopsis embryos engage known stomatal fate and patterning factors to create regularly spaced stomatal precursor cells. Analysis of embryos from 36 plant species indicates that this trait is widespread among angiosperms. Embryonic stomatal patterning in Arabidopsis is established in three stages: first, broad SPEECHLESS (SPCH) expression; second, coalescence of SPCH and its targets into discrete domains; and third, one round of asymmetric division to create stomatal precursors. Lineage progression is then halted until after germination. We show that the embryonic stomatal pattern enables fast stomatal differentiation and photosynthetic activity upon germination, but it also guides the formation of additional stomata as the leaf expands. In addition, key stomatal regulators are prevented from driving the fate transitions they can induce after germination, identifying stage-specific layers of regulation that control lineage progression during embryogenesis. Cover art design and audio editing: Ragib Anjum --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/no-time-to-read-podcast/message

Virginie Courtier-OrgogozoBiodiversité et écosystèmes (2022-2023)Collège de FranceColloque - Integrating Evolutionary Genetics and Ecology : Genomic Basis of Repeated Adaptation Varies with Divergence in ArabidopsisRepeated evolution tends to be more predictable. The impressive spectrum of recent reports on genomic parallelism, however, revealed that the fraction of the genome that evolves in parallel varies greatly, possibly reflecting different evolutionary scales investigated. Here, we demonstrate divergence-dependent parallelism using a comprehensive genome-wide dataset comprising 12 cases of parallel alpine adaptation and identify decreasing probability of adaptive re-use of genetic variation as the major underlying cause. This finding empirically demonstrates that evolutionary predictability is scale dependent and suggests that availability of preexisting variation drives parallelism within and among populations and species. Altogether, our results inform the ongoing discussion about the (un)predictability of evolution, relevant for applications in pest control, nature conservation, or the evolution of pathogen resistance.Magdalena BohutínskáI am interested in understanding the genomic basis of adaptive evolution. I study plant evolution after a dramatic mutation, whole genome duplication, and in challenging high alpine environments. I am especially interested in the mechanisms governing repeatability of adaptation.

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.04.25.538313v1?rss=1 Authors: Yang, J., Sahu, A., Adams, A., Yin, S., Gu, F., Mayes, H. B., Nielsen, E. Abstract: Plant cell expansion is a dynamic process that is physically constrained by the deposition of new cell wall components. During tip growth, new cell wall materials are delivered at a restricted plasma membrane domain which results in a highly polarized expansion within that specified domain. Previous studies demonstrated that this process requires the activities of members of the Cellulose Synthase-Like D (CSLD) subfamily of cell wall synthases. CSLD3 displays {beta}-1,4 glucan synthase activity, but whether other members of CSLD subfamily share this conserved biochemical activity, and whether CSLD proteins form higher-order complexes to perform {beta}-1,4 glucan synthase activities have not been determined. Here, we use genetic methods to demonstrate that CSLD2 and CSLD3 functions are interchangeable during root hair elongation and cell plate formation, while CSLD5 provides a unique and irreplaceable function in the formation of cell plates. Importantly, genetic analysis with inactivated versions of CSLD3 show that, unlike CESA proteins, CSLDs do not require the simultaneous presence of different isoforms to perform catalytic cell wall synthase activities. In vitro biochemical activity experiments confirmed that CSLD2, CSLD3, and CSLD5 proteins displayed {beta}-1,4 glucan synthases activities. Taken together, these results indicated that while all three vegetatively expressed CSLD proteins possess conserved {beta}-1,4 glucan synthase activities, that CSLD5 has a more complicated and specialized role during cell plate formation. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.04.19.537409v1?rss=1 Authors: Matsumoto, T., Higaki, T., Takatsuka, H., Kutsuna, N., Ogata, Y., Hasezawa, S., Umeda, M., Inada, N. Abstract: ACTIN DEPOLYMERIZING FACTOR (ADF) is a conserved protein that regulates the organization and dynamics of actin microfilaments. Eleven ADFs in the Arabidopsis thaliana genome are grouped into four subclasses, and subclass I ADFs, ADF1-4, are all expressed throughout the plant. Previously, we showed that subclass I ADFs function in the regulation of the response against powdery mildew fungus as well as in the regulation of cell size and endoreduplication. Here, we report a new role of subclass I ADFs in the regulation of nuclear organization and gene expression. Through a microscopic observation of epidermal cells in mature leaves, we found that the size of chromocenters in both adf4 and transgenic lines where expression of subclass I ADFs are downregulated (ADF1-4Ri) was reduced compared with that of wild-type Col-0. A. thaliana possesses eight ACTIN genes, among which ACT2, -7, and -8 are expressed in vegetative organs. The chromocenter size in act7, but not in the act2/8 double mutant, was enlarged compared with that in Col-0. Microarray analysis revealed that 1,818 genes were differentially expressed in adf4 and ADF1-4Ri. In particular, expression of 22 nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) genes, which are involved in effector-triggered plant immunity, was reduced in adf4 and ADF1-4Ri. qRT-PCR confirmed the altered expressions shown with microarray analysis. Overall, these results suggest that ADF regulates various aspects of plant physiology through its role in regulation of nuclear organization and gene expression. The mechanism how ADF and ACTIN regulate nuclear organization and gene expression is discussed. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.03.17.532993v1?rss=1 Authors: Draeger, T. N., Rey, M.-D., Hayta, S., Smedley, M., Alabdullah, A.-K., Moore, G., Martin, A. C. Abstract: Tetraploid and hexaploid wheat have multiple genomes, with successful meiosis and preservation of fertility relying on synapsis and crossover only taking place between homologous chromosomes. In hexaploid wheat, the major meiotic gene TaZIP4-B2 (Ph1) on chromosome 5B, promotes crossover between homologous chromosomes, whilst suppressing crossover between homeologous (related) chromosomes. Tetraploid wheat has three ZIP4 copies: TtZIP4-A1 on chromosome 3A, TtZIP4-B1 on 3B and TtZIP4-B2 on 5B. Previous studies showed that ZIP4 mutations eliminate approximately 85% of crossovers, consistent with loss of the class I crossover pathway. Here, we show that disruption of two ZIP4 gene copies in Ttzip4-A1B1 double mutants, results in a 76-78% reduction in crossovers when compared to wild-type plants. Moreover, when all three copies are disrupted in Ttzip4-A1B1B2 triple mutants, crossover is reduced by over 95%, suggesting that the TtZIP4-B2 copy is also affecting class II crossovers. This implies that, in wheat, the class I and class II crossover pathways may be interlinked. When ZIP4 duplicated and diverged from chromosome 3B on wheat polyploidization, the new 5B copy, TaZIP4-B2, may have acquired an additional function to stabilize both crossover pathways. In plants deficient in all three ZIP4 copies, synapsis is delayed and does not complete, consistent with our previous studies in hexaploid wheat, when a similar delay in synapsis was observed in a 59.3Mb deletion mutant, ph1b, encompassing the TaZIP4-B2 gene on chromosome 5B. These findings confirm the requirement of ZIP4-B2 for efficient synapsis, and suggest that TtZIP4 genes have a stronger effect on synapsis than previously described in Arabidopsis and rice. Thus, ZIP4-B2 accounts for the two major phenotypes reported for Ph1, promotion of homologous synapsis and suppression of homeologous crossover. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

Since the release of the first plant genome in 2000, the field of next-generation sequencing applied to botanical species has bloomed and expanded from model organism (Arabidopsis thaliana) to crops, thus becoming a powerful tool to guide progress towards a more sustainable agriculture. Read the blog post at https://botany.one/2023/03/botanical-genomics-to-boost-sustainable-agriculture-the-case-of-faba-bean/

What's up Plant People?! I hope you're ready for our first guest interview in quite some time, because its a GOOD ONE. Today's guest, Elizabeth Kelly is a PhD student at Penn State University studying parasitic plants, a brilliant science communicator, an assistant greenhouse manager, an avid roller derby player, and one of my very favorite plant people. Elizabeth (known by her derby name, Swifty, to her friends) and I have been mutuals on TikTok for a couple of years and I've wanted to have her on the podcast pretty much ever since. The stars finally aligned and it was well worth the wait. Elizabeth is funny, intelligent, and one of my very favorite science communicators. We talked about research, parasitic plants, botany, non-academic jobs, life on social media, and so much more! I could have talked to Swifty for hours, and I know you're going to love this episode as much as I did! Make sure to hit up the links below and follow her on TikTok and Instagram!Elizabeth's Links:TikTokInstagram Support the showAs always, thanks so much for listening! Subscribe, rate, and review Planthropology on your favorite podcast app. It really helps the show keep growing and reaching more people! Also, check out Planthropology on our website and various social media pages, all listed below. As an added bonus, if you review Planthropology on Apple Podcasts or Podchaser and send me a screenshot of it, I'll send you an awesome sticker pack!Listen in on Apple, Spotify, Stitcher, Castbox, or wherever else you like to get your podcasts.Website: www.planthropologypod.com Podchaser: www.podchaser.com/Planthropology Facebook: Planthropology Facebook group: Planthropology's Cool Plant People Instagram: @PlanthropologyPod Twitter: @Planthropology_ e-mail: planthropologypod@gmail.com...

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.03.03.531038v1?rss=1 Authors: Bao, X., Jia, H., Zhang, X., Zhao, Y., Li, X., Lin, P., Ma, C., Wang, P., Song, C.-P., Zhu, X. Abstract: The cytosol-facing outer membrane (OM) of organelles communicates with other cellular compartments to exchange proteins, metabolites and signaling molecules. Cellular surveillance systems also target OM-resident proteins to control organellar homeostasis and ensure cell survival under stress. Using traditional approaches to discover OM proteins and identify their dynamically interacting partners remains challenging. In this study, we developed an OM proximity labeling (OMPL) system using biotin ligase-mediated proximity biotinylation to map the proximity proteome of the OMs of mitochondria, chloroplasts, and peroxisomes in living Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) cells. We demonstrate the power of this system with the discovery of cytosolic factors and OM receptor candidates involved in local protein translation and translocation, membrane contact sites, and organelle quality control. This system also performed admirably for the rapid isolation of intact mitochondria and peroxisomes. Our data support the notion that TOM20-3 is a candidate for both a mitochondrial and a chloroplast receptor, and that PEX11D is a candidate for a peroxisome receptor for the coupling of protein translation and import. OMPL-generated OM proximity proteomes are valuable sources of candidates for functional validation and suggest directions for further investigation of important questions in cell biology. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

Article: A single-cell Arabidopsis root atlas reveals developmental trajectories in wild-type and cell identity mutants Journal: Developmental Cell Year: 2022 Guest: Rachel Shahan Host: Arif Ashraf Abstract In all multicellular organisms, transcriptional networks orchestrate organ development. The Arabidopsis root, with its simple structure and indeterminate growth, is an ideal model for investigating the spatiotemporal transcriptional signatures underlying developmental trajectories. To map gene expression dynamics across root cell types and developmental time, we built a comprehensive, organ-scale atlas at single-cell resolution. In addition to estimating developmental progressions in pseudotime, we employed the mathematical concept of optimal transport to infer developmental trajectories and identify their underlying regulators. To demonstrate the utility of the atlas to interpret new datasets, we profiled mutants for two key transcriptional regulators at single-cell resolution, shortroot and scarecrow. We report transcriptomic and in vivo evidence for tissue trans-differentiation underlying a mixed cell identity phenotype in scarecrow. Our results support the atlas as a rich community resource for unraveling the transcriptional programs that specify and maintain cell identity to regulate spatiotemporal organ development. Cover art design and audio editing: Ragib Anjum --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/no-time-to-read-podcast/message

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.01.27.525901v1?rss=1 Authors: Lee, H.-N., V Chacko, J., Gonzalez Solis, A., Chen, K.-E., Barros, J. A. S., Signorelli, S., Havey Millar, A., Vierstra, R. D., Eliceiri, K. W., Otegui, M. S. Abstract: The ubiquitin-binding NBR1 autophagy receptor plays a prominent role in recognizing ubiquitylated protein aggregates for vacuolar degradation during macroautophagy. Here, we show that upon exposing Arabidopsis plants to intense light, NBR1 associates with photodamaged chloroplasts independently of ATG7, a core component of the canonical autophagy machinery. NBR1 coats both the surface and interior of chloroplasts, which is then followed by direct engulfment of the organelles into the central vacuole via a microautophagy-type process. The relocalization of NBR1 into chloroplasts does not require the chloroplast translocon complexes embedded in the envelope but is instead greatly enhanced by removing the self-oligomerization mPB1 domain of NBR1. The delivery of NBR1-decorated chloroplasts into vacuoles depends on the ubiquitin-binding UBA2 domain of NBR1 but is independent of the ubiquitin E3 ligases SP1 and PUB4, known to direct the ubiquitylation of chloroplast surface proteins. Compared to wild type plants, nbr1 mutants have altered levels of a subset of chloroplast proteins and display abnormal chloroplast density and sizes upon high light exposure. We postulate that, as photodamaged chloroplasts lose envelope integrity, cytosolic ligases reach the chloroplast interior to ubiquitylate thylakoid and stroma proteins which are then recognized by NBR1 for autophagic clearance. This study uncovers a new function of NBR1 in the degradation of damaged chloroplasts by microautophagy. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

Article: The miR156 juvenility factor and PLETHORA 2 form a regulatory network and influence timing of meristem growth and lateral root emergence Journal: Development Year: 2022 Guest: Marta Laskowski Host: Arif Ashraf Abstract Plants develop throughout their lives: seeds become seedlings that mature and form fruits and seeds. Although the underlying mechanisms that drive these developmental phase transitions have been well elucidated for shoots, the extent to which they affect the root is less clear. However, root anatomy does change as some plants mature; meristems enlarge and radial thickening occurs. Here, in Arabidopsis thaliana, we show that overexpressing miR156A, a gene that promotes the juvenile phase, increased the density of the root system, even in grafted plants in which only the rootstock had the overexpression genotype. In the root, overexpression of miR156A resulted in lower levels of PLETHORA 2, a protein that affects formation of the meristem and elongation zone. Crossing in an extra copy of PLETHORA 2 partially rescued the effects of miR156A overexpression on traits affecting root architecture, including meristem length and the rate of lateral root emergence. Consistent with this, PLETHORA 2 also inhibited the root-tip expression of another miR156 gene, miR156C. We conclude that the system driving phase change in the shoot affects developmental progression in the root, and that PLETHORA 2 participates in this network. Cover art design and audio editing: Ragib Anjum --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/no-time-to-read-podcast/message

Too much or too little light can cause serious problems for plants. Light levels are not simply a feast or famine equation when it comes to photosynthesis. Plants must carefully manage the amount of light coming in to ensure smooth photosynthesis. The way genes in leaves responding to rapidly changing light conditions help them make the most of photosynthesis.  Your eyes have to rapidly respond to opening curtains in a dark room, just like leaves of a plant. What about plants that have abandoned the need for light at all? Can a plant survive or thrive without light or photosynthesis?  Thekla von Bismarck, Kübra Korkmaz, Jeremy Ruß, Kira Skurk, Elias Kaiser, Viviana Correa Galvis, Jeffrey A. Cruz, Deserah D. Strand, Karin Köhl, Jürgen Eirich, Iris Finkemeier, Peter Jahns, David M. Kramer, Ute Armbruster. Light acclimation interacts with thylakoid ion transport to govern the dynamics of photosynthesis in Arabidopsis. New Phytologist, 2022; 237 (1): 160 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18534 Kenji Suetsugu, Shun K. Hirota, Tian-Chuan Hsu, Shuichi Kurogi, Akio Imamura, Yoshihisa Suyama. Monotropastrum kirishimense (Ericaceae), a new mycoheterotrophic plant from Japan based on multifaceted evidence. Journal of Plant Research, 2022; DOI: 10.1007/s10265-022-01422-8

ToxiSense is genetically engineering a greener world by developing bioluminescent plants to detect endotoxin on medical products and drinking water. Biopharmaceutical products and drinking water must be tested for endotoxins, the sickness-causing molecule from bacteria. The current method relies on expensive horseshoe crab blood and is environmentally damaging. ToxiSense genetically engineered the Arabidopsis plant to luminesce at different intensities based on the endotoxin concentration applied to it, serving as a sustainable, cost-effective solution.

Article: CAN OF SPINACH, a novel long non-coding RNA, affects iron deficiency responses in Arabidopsis thaliana Journal: Frontiers in Plant Science Year: 2022 Guest: Ahmet Bakirbas Host: Arif Ashraf Abstract Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are RNA molecules with functions independent of any protein-coding potential. A whole transcriptome (RNA-seq) study of Arabidopsis shoots under iron sufficient and deficient conditions was carried out to determine the genes that are iron-regulated in the shoots. We identified two previously unannotated transcripts on chromosome 1 that are significantly iron-regulated. We have called this iron-regulated lncRNA, CAN OF SPINACH (COS). cos mutants have altered iron levels in leaves and seeds. Despite the low iron levels in the leaves, cos mutants have higher chlorophyll levels than WT plants. Moreover, cos mutants have abnormal development during iron deficiency. Roots of cos mutants are longer than those of WT plants, when grown on iron deficient medium. In addition, cos mutant plants accumulate singlet oxygen during iron deficiency. The mechanism through which COS affects iron deficiency responses is unclear, but small regions of sequence similarity to several genes involved in iron deficiency responses occur in COS, and small RNAs from these regions have been detected. We hypothesize that COS is required for normal adaptation to iron deficiency conditions. --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/no-time-to-read-podcast/message

Experimento da Aiea e da FAO tem objetivo de desenvolver culturas que se adaptem à mudança climática. As plantas de Arabidopsis e sementes de sorgo serão enviadas a Estação Espacial Internacional e, no retorno, estudadas para novas características.

Pour écouter le podcast Faits Divers de Choses à Savoir:Apple Podcast:https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/faits-divers/id1634132713Spotify:https://open.spotify.com/show/206pWa4UKAgDLTLgx5l9ch?si=ac8911da8028483bDeezer:https://deezer.com/show/3871907Google Podcast:https://www.google.com/podcasts?feed=aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vRk9ETDc1NTQ3MTkxMzI%3D-------------------------------Que se passerait-il si on arrosait les plantes avec un peu d'alcool ? Cette question est moins incongrue qu'elle n'en a l'air. En effet, des chercheurs japonais ont remarqué que des plantes exposées à la sécheresse produisaient un peu d'éthanol, connu aussi sous le nom d'alcool éthylique.Cette réaction de la plante lui permet de mieux s'adapter à une éventuelle privation d'eau. Des chercheurs japonais se sont demandé ce qui arriverait s'ils arrosaient des plantes avec une solution composée d'eau et de 0,1 % d'éthanol.Après avoir arrosé les plantes deux semaines, ils ont renouvelé l'expérience durant trois jours, arrosant du riz et du blé avec cette eau légèrement alcoolisée. Puis ils ont privé les plantes d'eau. Les recherches ont été plus poussées sur une plante herbacée appelée Arabidopsis.Les résultats de cette expérience semblent très probants. En effet, les trois quarts des plantes ayant reçu un peu d'éthanol ont résisté au stress hydrique, alors que seulement 5 % de celles qui n'ont pas bénéficié de ce traitement ont survécu à la sécheresse.En étudiant de plus près le comportement de plants d'Arabidopsis arrosés avec de l'eau additionnée d'éthanol, les scientifiques ont mieux compris les mécanismes en cause.En effet, ils se sont aperçus que, en cas d'arrosage à l'éthanol, les stomates de ces plantes avaient tendance à se fermer. Il s'agit de petits orifices situés sur les feuilles, qui assurent les échanges de la plante avec l'atmosphère.Autrement dit, c'est ce qui permet aux plantes de transpirer. Les chercheurs ont également remarqué que ces plantes fabriquaient plus de sucres. Autant de mécanismes qui facilitent la rétention d'eau. Ils permettent donc à la plante de mieux résister à la sécheresse.L'ajout d'un peu d'alcool dans l'eau d'arrosage permettrait donc d'anticiper et de renforcer ces processus. Certains y voient déjà un moyen d'accroître la production alimentaire dans un contexte marqué à la fois par l'augmentation de la population mondiale et la limitation des ressources en eau liée aux changements climatiques.D'après les spécialistes, cependant, ce procédé ne serait pas sans présenter certaines limites. Hébergé par Acast. Visitez acast.com/privacy pour plus d'informations.

Pour écouter le podcast Faits Divers de Choses à Savoir: Apple Podcast: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/faits-divers/id1634132713 Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/206pWa4UKAgDLTLgx5l9ch?si=ac8911da8028483b Deezer: https://deezer.com/show/3871907 Google Podcast: https://www.google.com/podcasts?feed=aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vRk9ETDc1NTQ3MTkxMzI%3D ------------------------------- Que se passerait-il si on arrosait les plantes avec un peu d'alcool ? Cette question est moins incongrue qu'elle n'en a l'air. En effet, des chercheurs japonais ont remarqué que des plantes exposées à la sécheresse produisaient un peu d'éthanol, connu aussi sous le nom d'alcool éthylique. Cette réaction de la plante lui permet de mieux s'adapter à une éventuelle privation d'eau. Des chercheurs japonais se sont demandé ce qui arriverait s'ils arrosaient des plantes avec une solution composée d'eau et de 0,1 % d'éthanol. Après avoir arrosé les plantes deux semaines, ils ont renouvelé l'expérience durant trois jours, arrosant du riz et du blé avec cette eau légèrement alcoolisée. Puis ils ont privé les plantes d'eau. Les recherches ont été plus poussées sur une plante herbacée appelée Arabidopsis. Les résultats de cette expérience semblent très probants. En effet, les trois quarts des plantes ayant reçu un peu d'éthanol ont résisté au stress hydrique, alors que seulement 5 % de celles qui n'ont pas bénéficié de ce traitement ont survécu à la sécheresse. En étudiant de plus près le comportement de plants d'Arabidopsis arrosés avec de l'eau additionnée d'éthanol, les scientifiques ont mieux compris les mécanismes en cause. En effet, ils se sont aperçus que, en cas d'arrosage à l'éthanol, les stomates de ces plantes avaient tendance à se fermer. Il s'agit de petits orifices situés sur les feuilles, qui assurent les échanges de la plante avec l'atmosphère. Autrement dit, c'est ce qui permet aux plantes de transpirer. Les chercheurs ont également remarqué que ces plantes fabriquaient plus de sucres. Autant de mécanismes qui facilitent la rétention d'eau. Ils permettent donc à la plante de mieux résister à la sécheresse. L'ajout d'un peu d'alcool dans l'eau d'arrosage permettrait donc d'anticiper et de renforcer ces processus. Certains y voient déjà un moyen d'accroître la production alimentaire dans un contexte marqué à la fois par l'augmentation de la population mondiale et la limitation des ressources en eau liée aux changements climatiques. D'après les spécialistes, cependant, ce procédé ne serait pas sans présenter certaines limites. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Show Notes Radioactive implant wipes tumors in unprecedented pre-clinical success | New Atlas (00:52) Pancreatic cancer is notoriously difficult to diagnose and treat, with tumor cells of this type highly evasive and loaded with mutations that make them resistant to many drugs.  3.2 percent of all cancers, yet is the third leading cause of cancer-related death Engineers at Duke University have developed a novel delivery system for cancer treatment and demonstrated its potential against one of the disease's most troublesome forms A radioactive implant completely eliminated tumors in the majority of the rodents The team wanted to figure out a way to implant into the tumor without causing damage to the surrounding tissue. Created one from more biocompatible materials (instead of titanium)  that wouldn't post the same risks to the human body. Synthetic chains of amino acids known as elastin-like polypeptides (ELPs), which form a stable gel-like material in the warmer environment of the body. This substance was injected into tumors in various mouse models of pancreatic cancer along with a radioactive element called iodine-131. ELP entombs the iodine-131 and prevents it from leaking into the body. Allows it to emit beta radiation that penetrates into the surrounding tumor. Once the radiation is spent, the ELP biogel safely degrades into harmless amino acids. The treatment was tested in combination with a common chemotherapy drug called paclitaxel. Across all the models tested, the scientists report a 100% response rate to the treatment.  In three quarters of the models, the dual treatment completely eliminated the tumors 80% of the time. The scientists deployed the novel treatment against pancreatic cancer because they wanted to explore its potential against one of the trickiest forms of the disease, but believe these results bode well for its wider application. Study author Jeff Schaal, explains the significance of their finding: “We did a deep dive through over 1,100 treatments across preclinical models and never found results where the tumors shrank away and disappeared like ours did … When the rest of the literature is saying that what we're seeing doesn't happen, that's when we knew we had something extremely interesting." In a first, scientists grow fully mature hair follicles in cultures | Interesting Engineering (07:12) According to a press release, researchers from Japan generated hair follicles in cultures while working on the processes of hair follicle growth and hair pigmentation.  Could contribute to the development of different applications such as hair loss treatment, animal testing and drug screenings. Scientists have been trying to understand the essential mechanisms of hair follicle development through animal models for a long while. Hair follicle morphogenesis wasn't something that could be reproduced in a culture dish until now. Morphogenesis is the process when the outer layer of skin and the connective tissue interacts while the embryo develops. Researchers built hair follicle organoids by controlling the structure generated from the two types of embryonic cells tapping into a low concentration of extracellular matrices. Extracellular matrix is a network that supplies structure for cells and tissue in the body. These matrices change the spacing between the two types of embryonic cells from a dumbbell-shape to core-shell configuration.  Fully mature hair follicles with approximately 3 millimeter (mm)-long hair shafts were produced by the hair follicle organoids on the 23rd day of being cultured. Researchers included a melanocyte-stimulating drug that helps produce hair color pigmentation in the culture medium.  The findings could help understand how physiological and pathological processes develop in relation to other organ systems as well.  Junji Fukuda, a professor with the faculty of engineering at Yokohama National University, speaks on next steps: “Our next step is to use cells from human origin, and apply for drug development and regenerative medicine.” Team uses live plant cells in 3D printing | Futurity (11:35) Researchers have developed a reproducible way of studying cellular communication among varied types of plant cells by “bioprinting” those cells with a 3D printer. Communication is key to understanding more about plant cell functions. Could ultimately lead to creating better crop varieties and optimal growing environments. They bioprinted cells from the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana and from soybeans to study not just whether plant cells would live after being bioprinted but also how they acquire and change their identity and function.  Lisa Van den Broeck, first author of a paper, describes the work: “A plant root has a lot of different cell types with specialized functions … There are also different sets of genes being expressed; some are cell-specific. We wanted to know what happens after you bioprint live cells and place them into an environment that you design. Are they alive and doing what they should be doing?” Live plant cells without cell walls, or protoplasts, were bioprinted along with nutrients, growth hormones, and a thickening agent called agarose. Agarose helps provide cells strength and scaffolding “When you print the bioink, you need it to be liquid, but when it comes out, it needs to be solid. Mimicking the natural environment helps keep cellular signals and cues occurring as they would in soil,” explained  Professor Ross Sozzani, co-corresponding author of the paper. The research showed that more than half of the 3D bioprinted cells were viable and divided over time to form microcalli, or small colonies of cells. Also bioprinted individual cells to test whether they could regenerate, or divide and multiply, which showed that Arabidopsis root and shoot cells needed different combinations of nutrients and scaffolding for optimal viability. More than 40% of individual soybean embryonic cells remained viable two weeks after bioprinting and also divided over time to form microcalli. End off with Professor Sozzani: “All told, this study shows the powerful potential of using 3D bioprinting to identify the optimal compounds needed to support plant cell viability and communication in a controlled environment,”  IKEA Is Using Driverless Trucks to Move Its Furniture in Texas | SIngularity Hub (18:49) Thanks to its mild climate, expansive highway network, and lax regulations, Texas has become the country's proving ground for driverless trucks. traveling the state's highways partially driver-free for a couple of years already autonomous mode on highways, but safety drivers take over to navigate city streets This week Kodiak Robotics announced a partnership to transport IKEA products using a heavy-duty self-driving truck. The route runs from an IKEA distribution center in Baytown, east of Houstin, to a store in Frisco, 290 miles away just north of Dallas. Kodiak has been around since 2018, and is focused on building a technology stack specifically for long-haul trucks.  Use a modular hardware approach that includes easy-to-install “mirror pods” with lidar and cameras. Seems like this company is on the rise with self driving trucks partnerships in place with CEVA Logistics and U.S. Express In August announced an agreement with Pilot Companies to develop services for self-driving trucks at Pilot and Flying J travel centers.  Kodiak's founder and CEO Don Burnette hopes the IKEA pilot will lead to a long-term relationship between the two companies, and an expansion of delivery routes for the furniture store.  Burnette told Forbes: “Up until now we've primarily been working with other carriers who work on behalf of shippers as their customers, and this is the first time we're working with a shipper directly … It was a really good opportunity to build that relationship and understand their operational needs.” New VR app lets you step inside your smartphone videos | Freethink (24:40) Startup Wist Labs is developing a VR app that converts your smartphone clips into 3D videos — giving you a chance to walk inside your memories using a VR headset. To create a memory with Wist, a user opens the app and records a video.  The app collects the information it needs to make the 2D clip look three-dimensional. Co-founder Andrew McHugh explained to Freethink: “During capture, we save color, depth, device pose, audio, and scene information … Depth is captured using the LiDAR sensors on the Pro model iPhones and iPads.” Once the app processes the video, the user can play it back using mobile AR or a VR headset. Video example of how it works  The next steps for Wist Labs are to close pre-seed funding, launch a beta, and then roll out features to fill in those gaps and improve the app.  McHugh plans to continue using it to capture and share memories of his first child McHugh explaining how the experience has been using it: “I loaded [an ultrasound video] into our VR app, shared it with my mom who lives halfway across the country, and we were able to both walk around that moment together … It's better than a video because it feels like you're actually there.”

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.10.24.513534v1?rss=1 Authors: Prusen Mota, I., Galova, M., Schleiffer, A., Nguyentan, T.-t., Kovacikova, I., Nishiyama, T., Gregan, J., Peters, J.-M., Schlogelhofer, P. Abstract: Cohesin mediates sister chromatid cohesion to enable chromosome segregation and DNA damage repair. To perform these functions, cohesin needs to be protected from WAPL, which otherwise releases cohesin from DNA. It has been proposed that cohesin is protected from WAPL by SORORIN. However, in vivo evidence for this antagonism is missing and SORORIN is only known to exist in vertebrates and insects. It is therefore unknown how important and widespread SORORINs functions are. Here we report the identification of SORORIN orthologs in Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Sor1) and Arabidopsis thaliana (AtSORORIN). sor1 delta mutants display cohesion defects, which are partially alleviated by wpl1 delta. Atsororin mutant plants display dwarfism, tissue specific cohesion defects and chromosome mis-segregation. Furthermore, Atsororin mutant plants are sterile and separate sister chromatids prematurely at anaphase I. The somatic, but not the meiotic deficiencies can be alleviated by loss of WAPL. These results provide in vivo evidence for SORORIN antagonizing WAPL, reveal that SORORIN is present in organisms beyond the animal kingdom and indicate that it has acquired tissue specific functions in plants. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

Can genes in single species act as keystones in ecosystems? What is AOP2, and how does it affect community composition and persistence? In this episode, we talk to Matt Barbour, a professor at the University of Sherbrooke, about “keystones” in biology. You're probably familiar with the keystone species concept, but Matt's research focuses on whether genes can play a similarly fundamental role in an ecosystem. In an incredible set of experiments, Matt and his colleagues used simple experimental food webs to find that the stability of these miniature complex systems was strongly associated to the genotype at one specific locus in the plant, Arabidopsis thaliana, called AOP2. The particular genetic variant led to complete breakdown of community stability, imbuing that gene with a keystone-like function. We talk to Matt about his recent publication in the journal Science and discuss how results from his simple lab setup relates to keystone effects in natural communities. Cover art: Keating Shahmehri

Welcome to Episode 7 of the BioHackers Podcast!In this episode, David and Alex welcome space biologist Josh Vandenbrink to the show. Together, they discuss the James Webb Space Telescope, heliotropism, overcoming the challenges of space science, NASA GeneLab, Arabidopsis, the Praxis Pyramid, and feeding colonists on Mars.  Watch the Video Podcast on YouTube: https://youtu.be/mK3uMV0_PAY  Here is a list of topics: Welcome to Episode 7 (00:00)James Webb Space Telescope (01:37)Perspective = Outer Space + Inner Space (06:30)Welcome Josh to the Show (09:48)Josh's Story in Biosciences (14:23)Josh's Clemson Adventure (18:48)Space and Plant Heliotropism (21:01)Feeding Colonists on Mars (25:00)NASA GenLab: Mice & Rice (28:00)When Are You Visiting the Space Station? (35:23)Golden Age of Space Science (43:02)Josh is a Space V.I.P. (49:20)Major in What You Love … and Learn Python (56:23)Interdisciplinary Nature of Bioinformatics (01:05:25)What is a BioHacker to You? (01:08:55)  Enjoy the Show!

Anthony Hall is giving comprehensive insights into the Earlham Institute, the research projects he is working on and why it is important to surf the wave of data. Learn how technology helps in integrating all data – genomic, phenotypic and environmental data - and which role AI plays. Generating data, analyzing it and making it reusable is key to Anthony. Get insights into projects on circadian regulations of the transcriptome in polyploid crops, introgression breeding in wheat and GWAS on heat tolerance in wheat in collaboration with CIMMYT. Anthony is the head of Plant Genomics at Earlham Institute. He moved from the University of Liverpool where he held the Holbrook Gaskell Chair of Botany at the University of Liverpool. He was research lead for the Institute of Integrative Biology. Was director at the Centre for Genomic Research (CGR) and academic lead of the Liverpool GeneMill (£3.8M investment). He received his PhD from the University of Leicester in 1997 from the Botany Department and has worked as an Arabidopsis molecular geneticist for 18 years, focusing on the field of plant circadian biology. If you want to learn more about the latest research projects you can reach out to Anthony here. Links to papers and preprints mentioned in episode: Circadian regulation of the transcriptome in a complex polyploid crop Whole genome sequencing uncovers the structural and transcriptomic landscape of hexaploid wheat/Am. muticum introgression lines Exotic alleles contribute to heat tolerance in wheat under field conditions.

Can you actually grow potatoes on Mars? On this episode, Neil deGrasse Tyson and comic co-host Paul Mecurio explore how to grow plants in space and whether we can farm on the Moon and Mars with space biologists Anna-Lisa Paul and Robert Ferl.NOTE: StarTalk+ Patrons can watch or listen to this entire episode commercial-free here: https://startalkmedia.com/show/space-plants/Thanks to our Patrons Andrew Herron, Bhargava Kandada, Mark Roop, Martin Bonner, Pete Quist, and Estee Catti-Schmidt for supporting us this week.Photo Credit: Tyler Jones, UF/IFAS

It feeds on flesh, it kills but can't be killed, and it's coming for your fruits and veggies.   That's right, I'm talking about Botrytis cinerea, a widespread necrotrophic fungal pathogen that affects over 200 different plant species, including common food crops. Tune in to learn: What this fungus looks like, how it's transmitted to plants, and what happens once a plant is infected Plant defenses – how plants use small interfering RNA and extracellular vesicles to disrupt the production of fungal proteins What allows certain plants to grow toward the sun New insight into what might enable this fungus to be so widespread and difficult to kill PhD candidate at UC Riverside, Claire Whitaker, spends her days studying the relationship between this deadly fungus and its host, using Arabidopsis thaliana as the model plant in the lab. More specifically, she's looking for certain fungal proteins responsible for the virulence of the fungus. She discusses the mode of transmission and method of attack, the use of fungicides, plant physiology, extracellular vesicles, and much more. Press play for all the details.

Article: Oxygen uptake rates have contrasting responses to temperature in the root meristem and elongation zone Journal: Physiologia Plantarum Year: 2022 Guest: Maura Zimmermann Host: Arif Ashraf Abstract Growing at either 15 or 25°C, roots of Arabidopsis thaliana, Columbia accession, produce cells at the same rate and have growth zones of the same length. To determine whether this constancy is related to energetics, we measured oxygen uptake by means of a vibrating oxygen-selective electrode. Concomitantly, the spatial distribution of elongation was measured kinematically, delineating meristem and elongation zone. All seedlings were germinated, grown, and measured at a given temperature (15 or 25°C). Columbia was compared to lines where cell production rate roughly doubles between 15 and 25°C: Landsberg and two Columbia mutants, er-105 and ahk3-3. For all genotypes and temperatures, oxygen uptake rate at any position was highest at the root cap, where mitochondrial density was maximal, based on the fluorescence of a reporter. Uptake rate declined through the meristem to plateau within the elongation zone. For oxygen uptake rate integrated over a zone, the meristem had steady-state Q10 values ranging from 0.7 to 2.1; by contrast, the elongation zone had values ranging from 2.6 to 3.3, implying that this zone exerts a greater respiratory demand. These results highlight a substantial energy consumption by the root cap, perhaps helpful for maintaining hypoxia in stem cells, and suggest that rapid elongation is metabolically more costly than is cell division. Cover art design and audio editing: Ragib Anjum --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/no-time-to-read-podcast/message

Arabidopsis thaliana es la planta más estudiada del mundo a nivel genético y fisiológico, ya que se encuentra distribuida por todos los continentes, adaptada al hábitat en el que vive, lo que implica una interesante variabilidad genética de sus poblaciones silvestres, además que presenta ciertas características que la hacen muy interesante. https://podcastagricultura.com/episodio-287/ Únete en las redes sociales: https://linkedin.com/company/podcastagricultura/ https://www.facebook.com/podcastagricultura/

Arabidopsis thaliana es la planta más estudiada del mundo a nivel genético y fisiológico, ya que se encuentra distribuida por todos los continentes, adaptada al hábitat en el que vive, lo que implica una interesante variabilidad genética de sus poblaciones silvestres, además que presenta ciertas características que la hacen muy interesante. https://podcastagricultura.com/episodio-287/ Únete en las redes sociales: https://linkedin.com/company/podcastagricultura/ https://www.facebook.com/podcastagricultura/

Article: Distinct mechanisms orchestrate the contra-polarity of IRK and KOIN, two LRR-receptor-kinases controlling root cell division Journal: Nature Communications Year: 2022 Guest: Cecilia Rodriguez-Furlan Host: Arif Ashraf Abstract In plants, cell polarity plays key roles in coordinating developmental processes. Despite the characterization of several polarly localized plasma membrane proteins, the mechanisms connecting protein dynamics with cellular functions often remain unclear. Here, we introduce a polarized receptor, KOIN, that restricts cell divisions in the Arabidopsis root meristem. In the endodermis, KOIN polarity is opposite to IRK, a receptor that represses endodermal cell divisions. Their contra-polar localization facilitates dissection of polarity mechanisms and the links between polarity and function. We find that IRK and KOIN are recognized, sorted, and secreted through distinct pathways. IRK extracellular domains determine its polarity and partially rescue the mutant phenotype, whereas KOIN's extracellular domains are insufficient for polar sorting and function. Endodermal expression of an IRK/KOIN chimera generates non-cell-autonomous misregulation of root cell divisions that impacts patterning. Altogether, we reveal two contrasting mechanisms determining these receptors' polarity and link their polarity to cell divisions in root tissue patterning. Cover art design and audio editing: Ragib Anjum --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/no-time-to-read-podcast/message

A topic of science fiction not even a decade ago, genome editing technologies are now being used to research breeding efficiency and bacterial resilience in soybean. Get down to the molecular level in this episode of I See Dead Plants with Host Ed Zaworski and Iowa State University plant virology specialist Dr. Steve Witham as they discuss the CRISPR/Cas9 system and its implications for the future of crop disease management research.  Article discussed: “CRISPR/Cas9-Based Gene Editing Using Egg Cell-Specific Promoters in Arabidopsis and Soybean”. How to cite the podcast Zaworski, E. (Host) and Witham, Steve (Interviewee). Refried Genes: Using CRISPR/Cas9 Systems to Edit the Genome of Soybeans S1:E14 (Podcast). 05-18-22. In I See Dead Plants. Crop Protection Network. www.cropprotectionnetwork.org    

Cultivan semillas en regolito lunar / Fundador de LUNA busca protección policial / Ataque Bots en Los Oscars / Ciberataques durante Eurovisión / Tiroteo en Twitch y Discord / Perfiles de rendimiento en Steam Deck / Bancarrota de Onkyo Patrocinador: El CTO Summit de GeeksHub vuelve con más fuerza que nunca. El evento clave para todos los responsables de equipos de IT se celebra el 24 y 25 de junio en Valencia, y este año va a ser impresionante por la calidad de las ponencias, las charlas y en general un programa lleno de cosas interesantes. — Con el código MIXX45 consigue tu entrada con un 45% de descuento. Cultivan semillas en regolito lunar / Fundador de LUNA busca protección policial / Ataque Bots en Los Oscars / Ciberataques durante Eurovisión / Tiroteo en Twitch y Discord / Perfiles de rendimiento en Steam Deck / Bancarrota de Onkyo

Article: Cytokinin–CLAVATA cross-talk is an ancient mechanism regulating shoot meristem homeostasis in land plants Journal: PNAS Year: 2022 Guest: Joseph Cammarata Host: Arif Ashraf Abstract Plant shoots grow from stem cells within shoot apical meristems (SAMs), which produce lateral organs while maintaining the stem cell pool. In the model flowering plant Arabidopsis, the CLAVATA (CLV) pathway functions antagonistically with cytokinin signaling to control the size of the multicellular SAM via negative regulation of the stem cell organizer WUSCHEL (WUS). Although comprising just a single cell, the SAM of the model moss Physcomitrium patens (formerly Physcomitrella patens) performs equivalent functions during stem cell maintenance and organogenesis, despite the absence of WUS-mediated stem cell organization. Our previous work showed that the stem cell–delimiting function of the receptors CLAVATA1 (CLV1) and RECEPTOR-LIKE PROTEIN KINASE2 (RPK2) is conserved in the moss P. patens. Here, we use P. patens to assess whether CLV–cytokinin cross-talk is also an evolutionarily conserved feature of stem cell regulation. Application of cytokinin produces ectopic stem cell phenotypes similar to Ppclv1a, Ppclv1b, and Pprpk2 mutants. Surprisingly, cytokinin receptor mutants also form ectopic stem cells in the absence of cytokinin signaling. Through modeling, we identified regulatory network architectures that recapitulated the stem cell phenotypes of Ppclv1a, Ppclv1b, and Pprpk2 mutants, cytokinin application, cytokinin receptor mutations, and higher-order combinations of these perturbations. These models predict that PpCLV1 and PpRPK2 act through separate pathways wherein PpCLV1 represses cytokinin-mediated stem cell initiation, and PpRPK2 inhibits this process via a separate, cytokinin-independent pathway. Our analysis suggests that cross-talk between CLV1 and cytokinin signaling is an evolutionarily conserved feature of SAM homeostasis that preceded the role of WUS in stem cell organization. Cover art design and audio editing: Ragib Anjum --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/no-time-to-read-podcast/message

W dziewiątym odcinku podróżujemy w przeszłość, gdzie sprawdzimy czemu Tyranozaury miały takie krótkie łapy oraz czym pachniała Kleopatra. Przyjrzymy się też systemom obronnym roślin oraz emocjom wypisanym na naszych twarzach. Po cichutku sprawdzimy czy rekin mocno śpi oraz co zrobić, aby ludziom spało się lepiej. A jeśli uznasz, że warto wspierać ten projekt to zapraszam do serwisu Patronite, każda dobrowolna wpłata od słuchaczy pozwoli mi na rozwój i doskonalenie tego podkastu, bardzo dziękuję za każde wsparcie!Zapraszam również na Facebooka, Twittera i Instagrama, każdy lajk i udostępnienie pomoże w szerszym dotarciu do słuchaczy, a to jest teraz moim głównym celem :)Źródła użyte przy tworzeniu odcinka:Nagoya University, "How Plants Activate Their Immune System Against Dangerous Pathogens in Rain", https://scitechdaily.com/how-plants-activate-their-immune-system-against-dangerous-pathogens-in-rain/Matsumura, M., Nomoto, M., Itaya, T. et al. Mechanosensory trichome cells evoke a mechanical stimuli–induced immune response in Arabidopsis thaliana. Nat Commun 13, 1216 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-28813-8Wikipedia, https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C5%82osekDagmar Aarts, Leiden University, "Researchers recreate 17th-century perfume by Constantijn Huygens", https://phys.org/news/2022-04-recreate-17th-century-perfume-constantijn-huygens.htmlEmma Day, "Scent of an Egyptian queen? Scientists recreate perfume that could have been worn by Cleopatra", https://www.thenationalnews.com/lifestyle/scent-of-an-egyptian-queen-scientists-recreate-perfume-that-could-have-been-worn-by-cleopatra-1.899601Danielle J. Whittaker, Nicole M. Gerlach, Helena A. Soini, Milos V. Novotny, Ellen D. Ketterson, "Bird odour predicts reproductive success", https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0003347213003473Havlicek Jan, Roberts S. Craig and Flegr Jaroslav 2005Women's preference for dominant male odour: effects of menstrual cycle and relationship statusBiol. Lett.1256–259http://doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2005.0332Wikipedia, https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constantijn_HuygensKorb, S., Mikus, N., Massaccesi, C., Grey, J., Duggirala, S. X., Kotz, S. A., & Mehu, M. (2022). EmoSex: Emotion prevails over sex in implicit judgments of faces and voices. Emotion. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1037/emo0001089Don Campbell, "Faces of dominance: Why the faces of women and men are perceived differently by liberals and conservatives", https://phys.org/news/2022-04-dominance-women-men-differently-liberals.htmlAhreum Maeng, Pankaj Aggarwal, "The Face of Political Beliefs: Why Gender Matters for Electability", https://doi.org/10.1086/719579Robert Sanders, "Researchers discover why T. rex's arms are so short", https://www.thebrighterside.news/post/researchers-discover-why-t-rex-s-arms-are-so-shortKevin Padian, "Why tyrannosaurid forelimbs were so short: An integrative hypothesis", https://app.pan.pl/article/item/app009212021.htmlMichael Liam Kelly, "Animals sleep, but little is known about how sharks do it", https://theconversation.com/animals-sleep-but-little-is-known-about-how-sharks-do-it-180219, CCKelly Michael L., Collins Selwyn P., Lesku John A., Hemmi Jan M., Collin Shaun P. and Radford Craig A. 2022Energy conservation characterizes sleep in sharksBiol. Lett.182021025920210259, http://doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2021.0259Peter Rueegg, "Enhancing Deep Sleep",...

A French-US team studied whether Arabidopsis in its natural range vary by latitude or from a core to the periphery. You can read the blog post at https://www.botany.one/2022/03/how-does-a-plant-vary-across-its-range/ You can read the original research at https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcab149

Überall im Stammbaum der Pflanzen, zwischen Kräutern, Blumen, Gras und Sträuchern, taucht die Wuchsform "Baum" immer wieder unabhäng auf.  Hättet ihr zum Beispiel gedacht, dass ein Apfelbaum enger mit einer Brennessel verwandt ist, als mit einer Platane? Ein "Baum" - also eine große, holzige, langlebige Pflanze - ist somit eher als eine Wachstumsstrategie zu bezeichnen, anstatt als Pflanzenfamilie. Doch was genau macht die Strategie "Baum" aus? Oder, anders gefragt, wann ist ein Baum ein Baum? Um diese Frage zu beantworten, steigen wir tief ein in die Botanik und klären grundlegende Sachen wie: was ist eigentlich Holz? Wozu braucht man sekundäres Dickenwachstum? Und warum sind Palmen eher großes Gras als echte Bäume? Um die Verwirrung komplett zu machen, lernen wir außerdem, dass man ausgesprochen krautige Kräuter in nur wenigen Schritten dazu überreden kann, zu "baumen" und Holz anzusetzen. Ist das jetzt Biologie oder Quatsch? Hört selbst - und denkt daran: ein Baum ist quasi das Gleiche wie ein Fisch.QuellenThe Eukaryote`s Writers Blog: there is no such thing as a tree. 2022. https://eukaryotewritesblog.com/2021/05/02/theres-no-such-thing-as-a-tree/Knowable magazine: What makes a tree a tree? 2022. https://knowablemagazine.org/article/living-world/2018/what-makes-tree-tree Melzer, Siegbert, et al. "Flowering-time genes modulate meristem determinacy and growth form in Arabidopsis thaliana." Nature genetics  (2008). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/ng.253 Groover, Andrew T. "What genes make a tree a tree?." Trends in plant science 10.5 (2005). DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2005.03.001 Ballard Jr, Harvey E., and Kenneth J. Sytsma. "Evolution and biogeography of the woody Hawaiian violets (Viola, Violaceae): Arctic origins, herbaceous ancestry and bird dispersal." Evolution  (2000) . DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0014-3820.2000.tb00698.xBildquellenVerholzte A. thaliana:  From Melzer, Siegbert, et al. "Flowering-time genes modulate meristem determinacy and growth form in Arabidopsis thaliana." Baumartiges Veilchen: From Ballard Jr, Harvey E., and Kenneth J. Sytsma. "Evolution and biogeography of the woody Hawaiian violets (Viola, Violaceae): Arctic origins, herbaceous ancestry and bird dispersal." 

字数限制，只能展示如下化学（材料）：Triple-halide wide-band gap perovskites with suppressed phase segregation for efficient tandems 三卤化物宽带隙钙钛矿可抑制光诱发的相分离从而达致高效率的叠层光伏电池A droplet-based electricity generator with high instantaneous power density 一种基于液滴的高功率密度发电机Balancing volumetric and gravimetric uptake in highly porous materials for clean energy权衡多孔材料的体积和重量吸附率以获取清洁能源Ultrafast control of vortex microlasers涡旋微激光器的超快控制Hydrophobic zeolite modification for in situ peroxide formation in methane oxidation to methanol甲烷氧化制甲醇过程中原位生成过氧化物的疏水沸石改性Transparent ferroelectric crystals with ultrahigh piezoelectricity具有超高压电效应的透明铁电晶体Wafer-scale single-crystal hexagonal boron nitride monolayers on Cu (111)Cu (111)上的 wafer 规模的单晶六方氮化硼单层Mott and generalized Wigner crystal states in WSe2/WS2 moire superlatticesWSe2/WS2云纹超晶格中的 Mott 和广义 Wigner 晶体态Fully hardware-implemented memristor convolutional neural network完全硬件实现的记忆电阻卷积神经网络Asynchronous carbon sink saturation in African and Amazonian tropical forests非洲和亚马逊热带森林碳汇饱和度异步Structure of the M2 muscarinic receptor-beta-arrestin complex in a lipid nanodisc脂质纳米盘中 M2毒蕈碱受体 -β- 抑制素复合物的结构Design of robust superhydrophobic surfaces坚固的超疏水表面的设计General synthesis of two-dimensional van der Waals heterostructure arrays二维 van der Waals 异质结构阵列的一般合成Accelerated discovery of CO2 electrocatalysts using active machine learning使用主动机器学习加速发现二氧化碳电催化剂Observation of hydrogen trapping at dislocations, grain boundaries, and precipitates在位错，晶界和沉淀处观察氢捕获Seeking new, highly effective thermoelectrics寻找新的高效热电偶Atomic imaging of the edge structure and growth of a two-dimensional hexagonal ice二维六角冰的边缘结构和生长的原子成像Li metal deposition and stripping in a solid-state battery via Coble creep利用 Coble 蠕变技术在固态电池中沉积和剥离 Li 金属Single-particle spectroscopy for functional nanomaterials功能性纳米材料的单粒子光谱学Strain-hardening and suppression of shear-banding in rejuvenated bulk metallic glass再生大块金属玻璃的应变硬化及剪切带抑制天文物理Quantum anomalous Hall effect in intrinsic magnetic topological insulator MnBi2Te4内禀磁性拓扑绝缘体 MnBi2Te4中的量子反常霍尔效应Tunable correlated Chern insulator and ferromagnetism in a moire superlattice莫瓦超晶格中的可调相干陈氏绝缘体及铁磁性A single photonic cavity with two independent physical synthetic dimensions具有两个独立物理合成尺寸的单光子腔Nearly quantized conductance plateau of vortex zero mode in an iron-based superconductor铁基超导体涡旋零模的近量子化电导平台One-dimensional van der Waals heterostructures一维 van der Waals 异质结构The water lily genome and the early evolution of flowering plants睡莲基因组与被子植物的早期进化Conversion of non-van der Waals solids to 2D transition-metal chalcogenides非 van der Waals 固体向二维过渡金属硫族化合物的转化Assessing progress towards sustainable development over space and time评估跨越时空实现可持续发展的进展情况Localization and delocalization of light in photonic moire lattices光子莫尔晶格中光的定位和离域Entanglement of two quantum memories via fibres over dozens of kilometres通过几十公里长的光纤纠缠两个量子存储器A planet within the debris disk around the pre-main-sequence star AU Microscopii在主序前星 AU Microscopii 周围的碎片盘内的行星Aligned, high-density semiconducting carbon nanotube arrays for high-performance electronics用于高性能电子学的定向高密度半导体碳纳米管阵列Entanglement-based secure quantum cryptography over 1,120 kilometres基于纠缠的安全量子密码学超过1120公里Photocurrent detection of the orbital angular momentum of lightPhotocurrent 检测光的轨道角量子数Quantum entanglement between an atom and a molecule原子与分子之间的量子纠生理学或医学Pan-cancer analysis of whole genomes全基因组泛癌分析生理学或医学Analyses of non-coding somatic drivers in 2,658 cancer whole genomes2,658个癌症全基因组中非编码体细胞驱动因子的分析生理学或医学Genomic basis for RNA alterations in cancer癌症 RNA 改变的基因组学基础生理学或医学Single-Cell Transcriptome Atlas of Murine Endothelial Cells鼠内皮细胞的单细胞转录组图谱生理学或医学Gasdermin E suppresses tumour growth by activating anti-tumour immunityGasdermin e 通过激活抗肿瘤免疫抑制肿瘤生长生理学或医学N-6-methyladenosine of chromosome-associated regulatory RNA regulates chromatin state and transcription染色体相关调控 RNA 的 n-6- 甲基腺苷调控染色质状态和转录生理学或医学Construction of a human cell landscape at single-cell level构建单细胞水平的人类细胞景观生理学或医学The genetic architecture of the human cerebral cortex人类大脑皮层的遗传结构生理学或医学Hydrogen peroxide sensor HPCA1 is an LRR receptor kinase in Arabidopsis过氧化氢传感器 HPCA1是拟南芥(Arabidopsis)中的 LRR 受体激酶生理学或医学Microglia mediate forgetting via complement-dependent synaptic elimination小胶质细胞通过补体依赖性突触消除介导遗忘生理学或医学Gut-Innervating Nociceptor Neurons Regulate Peyer's Patch Microfold Cells and SFB Levels to Mediate Salmonella Host Defense肠支配伤害感受神经元调节 Peyer's Patch Microfold 细胞和 SFB 水平介导沙门氏菌宿主防御生理学或医学A dominant autoinflammatory disease caused by non-cleavable variants of RIPK1由 RIPK1的不可切割变体引起的显性自身炎症性疾病生理学或医学