Cell produced by hematopoiesis
POPULARITY
3 episodes with blood cells
3 episodes with blood cells
2 episodes with blood cells
4 episodes with blood cells
2 episodes with blood cells
2 episodes with blood cells
2 episodes with blood cells
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What Produces Blood Cells?
The McCullough Report with Dr. Peter McCullough – I have always wondered why SARS-CoV-2 infection creates low oxygen levels in the bloodstream that are so well tolerated compared to forms of common consolidative pneumonia or heart failure. We were able to treat patients with oxygen saturation levels
The McCullough Report with Dr. Peter McCullough – I have always wondered why SARS-CoV-2 infection creates low oxygen levels in the bloodstream that are so well tolerated compared to forms of common consolidative pneumonia or heart failure. We were able to treat patients with oxygen saturation levels
Red blood cells is also known as Erythrocytes. In the human body, erythrocytes (RBCs) are the most prevalent cell type. It performs the task of carrying oxygen from the lungs to the body's tissues. Haemoglobin, which is present in large amounts in RBCs, mediates oxygen transfer.
Can the key to optimal health lie in the quantum field? In this episode of the Biohacking Superhuman Performance podcast, we'll unveil the power of frequencies and their potential impact on health, casting light on the oft-overlooked health implications of EMF technology with Philipp Samor von Holtzendorff-Fehling. As we traverse the universe of quantum energy, we'll discover how it can be harnessed and measured, and explore the fascinating effects it can have on the human body. Imagine a world where blood cells are fortified and parasites obliterated by manipulating frequencies - sounds like science fiction, but it's closer to reality than you think. To wrap up our quantum quest, we'll dive into the profound impact of quantum energy on water and ATP production, cracking open new possibilities in wound healing. We'll also discuss Phillip and Ian's ground-breaking web application that bridges the digital and analog worlds, setting the stage for personalized healing frequencies. Philipp Samor von Holtzendorff-Fehling is a coach, conscious entrepreneur, and energy healer. In parallel to a successful international business career, he constantly worked through blockages and barriers that had prevented him from fully connecting with his true self. With that, he also started to see energy fields and developed his unique skills as a healer. He went through two decades of training in shamanic and other energy healing practices. He's the founder and CEO of Leela Quantum Tech and Quantum Upgrade. Visit www.leelaq.com and use the code NATHALIE10 to save. Thank you to our sponsors for making this episode possible: Mitopure: Use code NAT10 for 10% off at https://www.timelinenutrition.com/shop/nutrition. LMNT: Visit DrinkLMNT.com/NAT - no code needed Profound Help: Go to www.profound-health.com/?Aff=Longevity15 and use code Longevity15 Find more from Nathalie: YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCmholC48MqRC50UffIZOMOQ Facebook Group: https://www.facebook.com/groups/biohackingsuperhumanperformance Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/nathalieniddam/ Website: NatNiddam.com Join Nat's Membership Community: https://www.natniddam.com/bsp-community Work with Nat: Book Your 20 Minute Optimization Consult: https://calendly.com/nniddam/intro-call?month=2021-08 Find more from Philipp: LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/philippvonholtzendorfffehling/ Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/leelaquantum/ Philipp's Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/philipp_vhf/ Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/leelaquantumtech Telegram: https://t.me/joinchat/TjMZYFfr8z6OldU3DxpGsA What we discuss: (0:00:03) - Quantum Energy and Healing Technologies (0:11:05) - Possible Health Effects of EMF Technology (0:16:15) - Understanding Quantum Energy and Consciousness (0:32:02) - Impact of EMFs on Blood Cells (0:42:15) - Quantum Energy's Impact on Health (0:52:18) - Rapid Healing With Alternative Medical Modalities (0:58:27) - Quantum Energy and Water ATP Production (1:09:08) - Quantum Healing and Wound Recovery (1:14:33) - Exploring Quantum Upgrade Technology (1:19:23) - The Power of Connection and Kindness Key takeaways: 5G towers are configured in a way where they create an impedance for voltage gated calcium ion channels. This dysregulation causes the pH of your body to become more acidic, which is an environment where pathogenic things can survive and thrive. In other words, 5G towers aren't making us sick directly, but they act as a catalyst for biological changes which may make us sick. In order to flush out our body's toxic load, we must keep energetic charges in balance. This is crucial for staying healthy and supporting your body's natural defense mechanisms.
Latest up from Spoken Label (Author / Artist Podcast) and featuring Amanda Nicholson as special guest features the debut of a longstanding friend of ours, Phoenix Andrews. Phoenix advises he is a "writer living in West Sussex, UK. I started out as a musician, playing piano, writing and recording songs, but soon fell in love with writing poetry and short stories. This has since progressed into novels. I am passionate about writing in the genres of crime fiction and horror and my first published book, Blood Cells is pure testimony to this. Based around a small group of central characters, I have included a a dark element of conspiracy which, I have to confess, is another guilty pleasure of mine, however farfetched! Don't worry, I don't believe everything I read. Blood Cells is the first in a series of novels centered around these characters, with a dark, supernatural theme running through them which goes high up to the top levels of government. I hope you enjoy the thrilling ride!" He can be emailed at ppapublishing@gmail.com Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100091862503703 Tiktok @phoenixandrews His book can be purchased on Amazon etc.
①China to expand 5G application scenarios, boost R&D on 6G ②China produces early-stage blood cells in space for the 1st time ③Oracle bone inscriptions stir half-century long passion of veteran archaeologist ④WMO makes urgent call for coordinated action over melting cryosphere ⑤Israeli scientists in search of habitat for corals ⑥AI harmonizes with human musicians for groundbreaking concert
Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.10.17.512558v1?rss=1 Authors: Hirschhäuser, A., Molitor, D., Salinas, G., Grosshans, J., Rust, K., Bogdan, S. Abstract: Drosophila blood cells called hemocytes form an efficient barrier against infections and tissue damage. During metamorphosis, hemocytes undergo tremendous changes in their shape and behavior preparing them for tissue clearance. Yet, the diversity and functional plasticity of pupal blood cells have not been explored. Here, we combine single-cell transcriptomics and high-resolution microscopy to dissect the heterogeneity and plasticity of pupal hemocytes. We identified precursor and effector hemocytes with distinct molecular signatures and cellular functions clearly distinct from other stages of hematopoiesis. Strikingly, we identified that PSC cells, which function as lymph gland niche, are highly migratory and immune responsive cells in the pupa. PSC cells can transdifferentiate to lamellocytes triggered by wasp infection. Altogether, our data highlight a remarkable cell heterogeneity, and identifies a cell population that acts not only as a stem cell niche in larval hematopoiesis, but functions as cell reservoir to pupal and adult blood cells. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC
Can donor white blood cells be used to attack cancers? Take a moment and listen to find out!
WWL-TV Medical Reporter Meg Farris joins Scoot to talk about a new wonder supplement that restores you body with the natural elements makes at a faster past to you rejuvenated.
Hoy vamos a hablar de la banda estadounidense The White Stripes, una banda que por desgracia ya está extinta que nos dejo con 6 discos de estudio, los cuales algunos de ellos ya firman parte de los mejores álbumes de la historia del Rock. A principios de los años 00s salieron una gran cantidad de géneros revaivaleros desde el paradigma del Indie Rock. Además de que se empezaron a mezclar una gran cantidad de géneros clásicos como por ejemplo el Rock Sureño dando a bandas como Kings of Leon o el Heartland Rock como The War on Drugs, hubo dos movimientos que se des[1]marcaron por encima de todos los demás trayendo un gran número de bandas muy creativas, esos géneros fueron el Post-Punk Revival del cual ya hablaremos en un futuro y el Garage Rock Revival que es el que nos atañe hoy con esta banda. Sin embargo, The White Stripes se escapa de ese sonido más popero del Indie Rock para traernos una música mas guitarrera y más cañera propia del Rock Alternativo de la época el cual estaba más influenciado por géneros como el grunge o el punk. Y ahora si te parece bien vamos a por otra canción y ya si que pasamos a hablar de la historia de la banda. John Anthony Gillis más conocido como Jack White el cual era el cantante principal, guitarrista, bajista y tecladista y por Meg White la cual era baterista y corista del duo. La banda se formó en el año 1997 y antes de eso Jack fue miembro de una banda de Punk como baterista y en otra de Rock como guitarrista, y también con su amigo y mentor Brian Muldoon con el que formaron una banda antes de iniciarse en la formación que nos toca hoy. Jack conoció a Megan White y en el año 1996 y de forma poco ortodoxa fue Jack el que adopto su apellido. Jack siguió tocando en varias bandas y un año después Meg empezó a tocar la batería, y este sorprendido le pidió de tocar juntos como duo y formaron The White Stripes. La banda empezó ya como parte de la escena anteriormente mencionada del garage rock revival surgida en la ciudad de Michigan y llegaron a tocar con varias bandas locales de rock y de punk. Más tarde fue fichada por el sello independiente de punk de Michigan Italy Records después de aceptar la propuesta del manager Dave Buick que les realizó al terminar una actuación que hicieron en un bar. Grabaron su primer single llamado “Let’s Shake Hands” en el año 1998, el cual fue vendido en formato vinilo de edición limitada a solo 1000 copias, y de la misma forma ocurrió con su siguiente single que sacaron un poco mas tarde llamado “Lafayette Blues”. Por último en el año 1999 sacaron “The Big Three Killed My Baby” en esta ocasión ya con otro sello discográfico llamado Sympathy for the Record Industry. El proyecto que estamos escuchando hoy es el White Blood Cells el cual fue el tercer disco de la banda lanzado con el sello Sympathy for Recording Industry el 3 de julio del 2001. Ya en la primera semana de lanzamiento obtuvo un gran éxito que perduró durante todo el año. En el año 2002 el álbum fue regrabado con el sello V2 Records por desavenencias con la su antigua discográfica. Este proyecto fue el que realmente hizo explotar este nuevo movimiento del garage rock revival obtenido un gran recibimiento por parte de la crítica musical y con un gran éxito tanto en el Reino Unido como un poco mas tarde en los Estados Unidos. De hecho se llegó a decir que eran la banda más grande desde los Sex Pistols, el álbum alcanzó la posición 61 en el Billboard americano y el número 55 en las listas de éxitos del Reino Unido sobretodo gracias al único single del proyecto titulado “Fell In Love With a Girl” que fue lanzado con un vídeo musical de animación dirigido por Michel Gondry. A pesar del éxito que cosecharon, el duo se separó en el año 2011 argumentando que no se debía por ninguna diferencia artística, problema de salud o alguna pelea, sino que se trataba de una infinidad de razones externas a ellos, y para poder preservar lo hermoso y especial de la banda. Por desgracia, si bien Jack White además de tener una más que envidiable carrera en solitario, ya que en el año 2009 empezó a trabajar en paralelo con el grupo The Dead Weather como batería y solista, siguió también como miembro de la banda The Go, y por supuesto siguió con la banda que además de The White Stripes es por la que más se le a reconocido que son los The Racounters, Meg desapareció prácticamente por completo del panorama musical salvo en alguna parición esporádica que hizo en algún concierto.
Chimeric Therapeutics: Turning blood cells into cancer seeking “missiles” Listen to ASX-listed Chimeric Therapeutics Executive Chairman Paul Hopper talk to Matt Birney on the Bulls N' Bears Report about arguably the most profound development in the fight against cancer to-date “cell therapy”. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.
What Do The Blood Cells Do?
How are hematopoietic stem cells born during the development of the vertebrate embryo? David Traver, PhD explains his work with zebrafish to understand these processes and the role of the somite in instruction of these cells. Series: "Stem Cell Channel" [Health and Medicine] [Science] [Show ID: 37588]
How are hematopoietic stem cells born during the development of the vertebrate embryo? David Traver, PhD explains his work with zebrafish to understand these processes and the role of the somite in instruction of these cells. Series: "Stem Cell Channel" [Health and Medicine] [Science] [Show ID: 37588]
How are hematopoietic stem cells born during the development of the vertebrate embryo? David Traver, PhD explains his work with zebrafish to understand these processes and the role of the somite in instruction of these cells. Series: "Stem Cell Channel" [Health and Medicine] [Science] [Show ID: 37588]
How are hematopoietic stem cells born during the development of the vertebrate embryo? David Traver, PhD explains his work with zebrafish to understand these processes and the role of the somite in instruction of these cells. Series: "Stem Cell Channel" [Health and Medicine] [Science] [Show ID: 37588]
How are hematopoietic stem cells born during the development of the vertebrate embryo? David Traver, PhD explains his work with zebrafish to understand these processes and the role of the somite in instruction of these cells. Series: "Stem Cell Channel" [Health and Medicine] [Science] [Show ID: 37588]
How are hematopoietic stem cells born during the development of the vertebrate embryo? David Traver, PhD explains his work with zebrafish to understand these processes and the role of the somite in instruction of these cells. Series: "Stem Cell Channel" [Health and Medicine] [Science] [Show ID: 37588]
How are hematopoietic stem cells born during the development of the vertebrate embryo? David Traver, PhD explains his work with zebrafish to understand these processes and the role of the somite in instruction of these cells. Series: "Stem Cell Channel" [Health and Medicine] [Science] [Show ID: 37588]
CLICK HERE to listen to episode audio (4:53).Sections below are the following: Transcript of Audio Audio Notes and Acknowledgments Image Sources Related Water Radio Episodes For Virginia Teachers (Relevant SOLs, etc.). Unless otherwise noted, all Web addresses mentioned were functional as of 10-29-21. TRANSCRIPT OF AUDIO From the Cumberland Gap to the Atlantic Ocean, this is Virginia Water Radio for Halloween 2021. Besides focusing on autumn's festival of fun and fright, this episode is part of a series this fall about water connections to the human body and human biology. SOUND – ~9 sec That eerie sound of a tree creaking in October wind sets a seasonal stage for a Halloween challenge: exploring how Halloween, water, and human biology all connect. Sound like quite a trick? Well, have a listen to some Halloween music for about 50 seconds, and then we'll treat you to some examples. MUSIC - ~50 sec – instrumental You've been listening to “A Little Fright Music,” by Torrin Hallett, a graduate student at the Yale School of Music. And here are six matches of Halloween creatures or images with water in the human body. 1. Skeleton images rattle around everywhere for Halloween, and in living skeletons water is a significant component of bones and cartilage. 2. Pretend blood covers many-a Halloween costume, and over half of the volume of blood is plasma, which in turn is over 90 percent water, and water is also a major component of blood cells. 3. A muscular costume is part of pretending to be a super-strong character like Wonder Woman or Superman; and water plays a significant role in muscle structure and function; in turn, muscle is an important water-storage area for the body. 4. The monster in movie versions of “Frankenstein” was brought to life by electricity, and the cells of our nervous system transmit messages though electrochemical impulses, using sodium and potassium ions in a water-based solution. 5. If fiery or icy creatures need some temperature regulation, water's the body fluid that does it. And 6. Flashing and watching from many creatures on Halloween night are eyes, either scary, suspenseful, or super-powered; and eyes have chambers containing aqueous humor and vitreous humour, two fluids that consist mostly of water and that maintain the shape of the eyes. This Halloween, imagine being a creature that's about 60 percent composed of an amazing substance with unique powers to dissolve other substances, absorb and release heat, and withstand being compressed. What would you be? Why, the water-based human being that you are! Thanks to Torrin Hallett for composing this week's music for Virginia Water Radio, and we close with another listen to the last few seconds of “A Little Fright Music.” MUSIC - ~13 sec – instrumental SHIP'S BELL Virginia Water Radio is produced by the Virginia Water Resources Research Center, part of Virginia Tech's College of Natural Resources and Environment. For more Virginia water sounds, music, or information, visit us online at virginiawaterradio.org, or call the Water Center at (540) 231-5624. Thanks to Ben Cosgrove for his version of “Shenandoah” to open and close the show. In Blacksburg, I'm Alan Raflo, thanking you for listening, and wishing you health, wisdom, and good water. AUDIO NOTES AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The wind and creaking tree sounds were recorded by Virginia Water Radio in Blacksburg, Va., on October 5, 2014. “A Little Fright Music” is copyright 2020 by Torrin Hallett, used with permission. Torrin is a 2018 graduate of Oberlin College and Conservatory in Oberlin, Ohio; a 2020 graduate in Horn Performance from Manhattan School of Music in New York; and a 2021 graduate of the Lamont School of Music at the University of Denver. He is currently a graduate student at the Yale School of Music. More information about Torrin is available online at https://www.facebook.com/torrin.hallett. Thanks very much to Torrin for composing the piece especially for Virginia Water Radio. This music was previously used in Episode 548, 10-26-20. Following are other music pieces composed by Torrin Hallett for Virginia Water Radio, with episodes featuring the music. “Beetle Ballet” – used in Episode 525, 5-18-20, on aquatic beetles.“Chesapeake Bay Ballad” – used in Episode 537, 8-10-20, on conditions in the Chesapeake Bay.“Corona Cue” – used in Episode 517, 3-23-20, on the coronavirus pandemic.“Flow Stopper – used in Episode 599, 10-28-21, on the “Imagine a Day Without Water” campaign.“Geese Piece” – used most recently in Episode 440, 10-1-18, on E-bird. “Ice Dance” – used in Episode 556, 12-21-20, on how organisms survive freezing temperatures.“Lizard Lied” – used in Episode 514, 3-2-20, on lizards.“New Year's Water” – used in Episode 349, 1-2-17, on the New Year. “Rain Refrain” – used most recently Episode 559, 1-11-21, on record rainfall in 2020.“Runoff” – in Episode 585, 7-12-21 – on middle-school students calling out stormwater-related water words.“Spider Strike” – used in Episode 523, 5-4-20, on fishing spiders.“Tropical Tantrum” – used most recently in Episode 580, 6-7-21, on the 2021 Atlantic tropical storm season preview.“Tundra Swan Song – used in Episode 554, 12-7-20, on Tundra Swans.“Turkey Tune” – used in Episode 343, 11-21-16, on the Wild Turkey. Click here if you'd like to hear the full version (2 min./22 sec.) of the “Shenandoah” arrangement/performance by Ben Cosgrove that opens and closes this episode. More information about Mr. Cosgrove is available online at http://www.bencosgrove.com. IMAGE Water uses in the human body. Illustration from the U.S. Geological Survey, “The Water in You: Water and the Human Body,” https://www.usgs.gov/special-topic/water-science-school/science/water-you-water-and-human-body?qt-science_center_objects=0#qt-science_center_objects. SOURCES Used for Audio Peter Abrahams, ed., How the Body Works: A Comprehensive, Illustrated Encyclopedia of Anatomy, Metro Books, New York, 2007. American Red Cross, “Blood Components,” online at https://www.redcrossblood.org/donate-blood/how-to-donate/types-of-blood-donations/blood-components.html. Erin Blakemore, “How Twitching Frog Legs Helped Inspire ‘Frankenstein,'” Smithsonian Magazine, December 4, 2015, online at https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-twitching-frog-legs-helped-inspire-frankenstein-180957457/. Fandom, “Monster Wiki/Frankenstein's Monster,” online at https://monster.fandom.com/wiki/Frankenstein%27s_Monster. Mayo Clinic Health System, “Water: Essential to your body,” online at https://www.mayoclinichealthsystem.org/hometown-health/speaking-of-health/water-essential-to-your-body. Science Direct:“Aqueous Humor,” online at https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/aqueous-humor;“Vitreous Humour,” online at https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/veterinary-science-and-veterinary-medicine/vitreous-humour. University of Michigan Health, “Eye Anatomy and Function,” as of August 31, 2020, online at https://www.uofmhealth.org/health-library/hw121946. U.S. Geological Survey, “The Water in You: Water and the Human Body,” https://www.usgs.gov/special-topic/water-science-school/science/water-you-water-and-human-body?qt-science_center_objects=0#qt-science_center_objects. U.S. National Institutes of Health/National Cancer Institute, SEER Training Modules:“Composition of the Blood,” online at https://training.seer.cancer.gov/leukemia/anatomy/composition.html;“Skeletal System,” online at https://training.seer.cancer.gov/anatomy/skeletal/. For More Information about Human Biology, Including Water Aspects American Society of Hematology, “Blood Basics,” online at https://www.hematology.org/education/patients/blood-basics.Cleveland [Ohio] Clinic:“Heart & Blood Vessels: How Does Blood Travel Through Your Body,” online at https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/heart-blood-vessels-blood-flow-body;“Lymphatic System,” online at https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/21199-lymphatic-system. Eric Cudler, “Neuroscience for Kids,” online at https://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/neurok.html. The Franklin Institute of Philadelphia, Penn., “Blood Vessels,” online at https://www.fi.edu/heart/blood-vessels. Isabel Lorenzo et al., “The Role of Water Homeostasis in Muscle Function and Frailty: A Review,” Nutrients, Vol. 11, No. 8 (August 2019, accessed online at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6723611/(subscription may be required for access). Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, “Facts About Blood and Blood Cells,” online at https://www.mskcc.org/cancer-care/patient-education/facts-about-blood-and-blood-cells. Science Direct, “Synovial Fluid: Structure and Function,” excerpted from Textbook of Pediatric Rheumatology, 5th Edition, Elsevier, Amsterdam, Netherlands, 2005; accessed online at https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/synovial-fluid(subscription may be required for access). University of Bristol (England), School of Medical Sciences, “Brain Basics: The Fundamentals of Neuroscience,” online at http://www.bris.ac.uk/synaptic/basics/basics-0.html. U.S. National Institutes of Health/National Cancer Institute, SEER Training Modules:“Blood, Heart and Circulation,” online at http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/bloodheartandcirculation.html;“Muscular System,” online at https://training.seer.cancer.gov/anatomy/muscular/;“Nervous System,” online at https://training.seer.cancer.gov/anatomy/nervous/. RELATED VIRGINIA WATER RADIO EPISODES All Water Radio episodes are listed by category at the Index link above (http://www.virginiawaterradio.org/p/index.html). See particularly the “Science” subject category. Following are links to other episodes on connections of water to human biology (much of the information in this week's episode was taken from these previous episodes). Overview of water's roles in the body – Episode 592, 8-30-21.Disease: COVID-19 – Episode 517, 3-23-20 and Episode 519, 4-6-20.Disease: influenza – Episode 393, 11-6-17.Disease: viruses – Episode 600, 10-25-21.Circulatory system connections to water – Episode 593, 9-6-21.Muscular system connections to water – Episode 596, 9-27-21.Neurological system connections to water – Episode 594, 9-13-21.Skeleton system connections to water (with a Halloween theme) – Episode 595, 9-20-21.Water intake and exercise – Episode 466, 4-1-19.Water thermodynamics – Episode 195, 1-6-14. Following are links to other Halloween-themed episodes. Episode 238, 10-31-14 – focusing on the plant Witch-hazel.Episode 548, 10-26-20 – focusing on water-related readings that are supernatural, mysterious, or imaginative. FOR VIRGINIA TEACHERS – RELATED STANDARDS OF LEARNING (SOLs) AND OTHER INFORMATION Following are some Virginia Standards of Learning (SOLs) that may be supported by this episode's audio/transcript, sources, or other information included in this post. 2020 Music SOLs SOLs at various grade levels that call for “examining the relationship of music to the other fine arts and other fields of knowledge.” 2018 Science SOLs Grades K-3 plus 5: MatterK.4 – Water is important in our daily lives and has properties.3.3 – Materials interact with water. Grades K-4: Living Systems and Processes4.2 – Plants and animals h
Could we one day create sperm and egg cells from any human cell, even across the sexes? Plus, how BJ Novak from The Office's face ended up on products all around the world without him knowing. And the latest drops from two of the internet's leading mischief-making companies, including Andy Warhol forgeries and a vegan cannibal steakhouse.Sponsor:NetSuite, netsuite.com/kottkeLinks:How Silicon Valley hatched a plan to turn blood into human eggs (MIT Technology Review)B.J. Novak's Face Is on Products Worldwide. He's Not Sure Why. (NY Times)Why BJ Novak Is The Face Of Random Products Worldwide (BuzzFeed)Museum of Forgeries (MSCHF)The Vegan Cannibal Steakhouse by Liquid Death (Liquid Death)Photoshop will get a 'prepare as NFT' option soon (The Verge)5 unbelievable tech sneaks from Adobe Max 2021 (Creative Bloq)Adobe brings new Creative Cloud apps to M1 Macs and the web (Ars Technica)Facebook just revealed its new name: Meta (The Verge)Kottke.OrgJackson Bird on TwitterSee Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.
CLICK HERE to listen to episode audio (4:09).Sections below are the following: Transcript of Audio Audio Notes and Acknowledgments ImageExtra Information Sources Related Water Radio Episodes For Virginia Teachers (Relevant SOLs, etc.). Unless otherwise noted, all Web addresses mentioned were functional as of 9-24-21. TRANSCRIPT OF AUDIO From the Cumberland Gap to the Atlantic Ocean, this is Virginia Water Radio for the week of September 27, 2021. This episode is part of a series this fall on water connections to the human body and human biology. This week, we start with some mystery sounds. Have a listen for about 25 seconds, and see if you know the body system you can hear at work in all of these sounds. And here's a hint: it'll be a show of strength if you guess this. SOUNDS - ~23 sec If you guessed the muscular system, you're right! Walking, dribbling a basketball, lifting weights, and jumping rope all involve some of the over 600 skeletal muscles in the human body. Skeletal muscles, also called striated or voluntary muscles, are one of three muscle types in the body. The other two are smooth, or involuntary muscles, found in internal organs; and cardiac muscle in the heart. Whatever their location or function, muscles have several important connections to water, including the following six. First, water is a major component of muscles, making up over 70 percent of muscle mass. Second, cell volume, that is, the space within cells, is affected by the amount of water that cells contain, or the cells' hydration state. This is believed to be related to muscle strength and contraction capacity by affecting the shape and function of muscle proteins. Third, water is the medium containing all the dissolved biochemicals that the body needs to function, including those involved in muscular contraction and in nourishing muscle cells. Fourth, water is involved in reactions that release energy from the molecule ATP, and water is associated with the important energy-storage molecule glycogen. Fifth, water helps regulate body temperature, including the heat generated by muscular activity. And sixth, water helps lubricate moveable joints, the structures upon which skeletal muscles act to move parts of the body. Overall, water plays a significant role in muscle strength and function, and muscle, in turn, is an important area of water storage for the body. We close with some music whose title speaks of one of the most common uses of our muscles. Here's the closing 25 seconds of “Walk This Way For Awhile,” by the Harrisonburg and Rockingham County, Va.-based band, The Steel Wheels. MUSIC - ~25 sec – Lyrics: “…you walk this way for awhile; will you walk this way for awhile? I think you will, I know you still, I hope you will.” SHIP'S BELL Virginia Water Radio is produced by the Virginia Water Resources Research Center, part of Virginia Tech's College of Natural Resources and Environment. For more Virginia water sounds, music, or information, visit us online at virginiawaterradio.org, or call the Water Center at (540) 231-5624. Thanks to Stewart Scales for his banjo version of Cripple Creek to open and close this show. In Blacksburg, I'm Alan Raflo, thanking you for listening, and wishing you health, wisdom, and good water. AUDIO NOTES AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The sounds heard in this episode were recorded by Virginia Water Radio in Blacksburg, Va., on September 23, 2021. “Walk This Way for Awhile,” by The Steel Wheels, is from the album “Live at Goose Creek,” recorded October 14, 2010, at Franklin Park Performing Arts Center, Purcellville, Va., and produced by Goose Creek Music; used with permission of The Steel Wheels. The song is also on The Steel Wheel's 2010 album, “Red Wing.” More information about The Steel Wheels is available online at http://www.thesteelwheels.com/. More information about Goose Creek Music is available online at http://www.goosecreekmusic.com/. More information about the Franklin Park Arts Center is available online at http://www.franklinparkartscenter.org/. This music was used previously by Virginia Water Radio in Episode 286, 10-19-15. Click here if you'd like to hear the full version (1 min./11 sec.) of the “Cripple Creek” arrangement/performance by Stewart Scales that opens and closes this episode. More information about Mr. Scales and the group New Standard, with which Mr. Scales plays, is available online at http://newstandardbluegrass.com. IMAGE Structure of a representative human skeletal muscle. Illustration from National Institutes of Health/National Cancer Institute, SEER Training Module, “Muscular System/Structure of Skeletal Muscle,” online at https://training.seer.cancer.gov/anatomy/muscular/structure.html. EXTRA INFORMATION ABOUT THE HUMAN MUSCULAR SYSTEM The following information is quoted from the National Institutes of Health/National Cancer Institute, SEER Training Module, “Muscular System/Introduction” online at https://training.seer.cancer.gov/anatomy/muscular/. “The muscular system is composed of specialized cells called muscle fibers. Their predominant function is contractibility. Muscles, attached to bones or internal organs and blood vessels, are responsible for movement. Nearly all movement in the body is the result of muscle contraction. Exceptions to this are the action of cilia, the flagellum on sperm cells, and amoeboid movement of some white blood cells. “The integrated action of joints, bones, and skeletal muscles produces obvious movements such as walking and running. Skeletal muscles also produce more subtle movements that result in various facial expressions, eye movements, and respiration. “In addition to movement, muscle contraction also fulfills some other important functions in the body, such as posture, joint stability, and heat production. Posture, such as sitting and standing, is maintained as a result of muscle contraction. The skeletal muscles are continually making fine adjustments that hold the body in stationary positions. The tendons of many muscles extend over joints and in this way contribute to joint stability. This is particularly evident in the knee and shoulder joints, where muscle tendons are a major factor in stabilizing the joint. Heat production, to maintain body temperature, is an important by-product of muscle metabolism. Nearly 85 percent of the heat produced in the body is the result of muscle contraction.” SOURCES Used for Audio Ann Baggaley, ed., Human Body, Dorling Kindersley Publishing, New York, N.Y, 2001. Cedric Bryant and Daniel Green, eds., Essentials of Exercise Science, American Council on Exercise, San Diego, Calif., 2017. Michael Houston, Biochemistry Primer for Exercise Science, 3rd Edition, Human Kinetics, Champaign, Ill., 2006. Isabel Lorenzo et al., “The Role of Water Homeostasis in Muscle Function and Frailty: A Review,” Nutrients, Vol. 11, No. 8 (August 2019, accessed online at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6723611/(subscription may be required for access). National Institutes of Health/National Cancer Institute, SEER Training Modules, “Muscular System,” online at https://training.seer.cancer.gov/anatomy/muscular/. Science Direct, “Synovial Fluid: Structure and Function,” excerpted from Textbook of Pediatric Rheumatology, 5th Edition, Elsevier, Amsterdam, Netherlands, 2005; accessed online at https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/synovial-fluid(subscription may be required for access). Scott Powers and Edward Howley, Exercise Physiology: Theory and Application to Fitness and Performance, 8th Edition, McGraw-Hill, New York, N.Y., 2012.U.S. Geological Survey, “The Water in You: Water and the Human Body, online at https://www.usgs.gov/special-topic/water-science-school/science/water-you-water-and-human-body?qt-science_center_objects=0#qt-science_center_objects. For More Information about Water and the Human Body American Society of Hematology, “Blood Basics,” online at https://www.hematology.org/education/patients/blood-basics. Cleveland [Ohio] Clinic, “Heart & Blood Vessels: How Does Blood Travel Through Your Body,” online at https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/heart-blood-vessels-blood-flow-body. Cleveland [Ohio] Clinic, “Lymphatic System,” online at https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/21199-lymphatic-system.Eric Cudler, “Neuroscience for Kids,” online at https://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/neurok.html. Franklin Institute of Philadelphia, Penn., “Blood Vessels,” online at https://www.fi.edu/heart/blood-vessels. Mayo Clinic Health System, “Water: Essential to your body,” online at https://www.mayoclinichealthsystem.org/hometown-health/speaking-of-health/water-essential-to-your-body. Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, “Facts About Blood and Blood Cells,” online at https://www.mskcc.org/cancer-care/patient-education/facts-about-blood-and-blood-cells. National Institutes of Health/National Cancer Institute, SEER Training Modules, “Nervous System,” online at https://training.seer.cancer.gov/anatomy/nervous/. National Institutes of Health/National Cancer Institute, SEER Training Module, “Skeletal System,” online at https://training.seer.cancer.gov/anatomy/skeletal/.National Institutes of Health/National Library of Medicine, “Blood, Heart and Circulation,” online at http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/bloodheartandcirculation.html. University of Bristol (England), School of Medical Sciences, “Brain Basics: The Fundamentals of Neuroscience,” online at http://www.bris.ac.uk/synaptic/basics/basics-0.html. RELATED VIRGINIA WATER RADIO EPISODES All Water Radio episodes are listed by category at the Index link above (http://www.virginiawaterradio.org/p/index.html). See particularly the “Science” subject category. Another episode related to human exercise is Episode 483, 7-29-19. It focuses on buoyancy and drag in the water and is designed for middle school and high school students. Following are links to other episodes on connections of water to human biology. Please note that some of these episodes are being redone in fall 2021; in those cases, the respective links below will have information on the updated episodes. Episode 195, 1-6-14 – Water thermodynamics.Episode 393, 11-6-17 – Disease: Influenza.Episode 466, 4-1-19 – Water intake and sports.Episode 517, 3-23-20 and Episode 519, 4-6-20 – Disease: Water connections to COVID-19.Episode 592, 8-30-21 – Overview of water's roles in the body.Episode 593, 9-6-21 – Circulatory system connections to water.Episode 594, 9-13-21 – Neurological system connections to water.Episode 595, 9-20-21 – Skeletal system connections to water. FOR VIRGINIA TEACHERS – RELATED STANDARDS OF LEARNING (SOLs) AND OTHER INFORMATION Following are some Virginia Standards of Learning (SOLs) that may be supported by this episode's audio/transcript, sources, or other information included in this post. 2020 Music SOLs SOLs at various grade levels that call for “examining the relationship of music to the other fine arts and other fields of knowledge.” 2018 Science SOLs Grades K-3 plus 5: Force, Motion, and Energy5.2 – Energy can take many forms.5.3 – There is a relationship between force and energy of moving objects. Grades K-4: Living Systems and Processes4.2 – Plants and animals have structures that distinguish them from one another and play vital roles in their ability to survive. Grade 66.6 – Water has unique physical properties and has a role in the natural and human-made environment. Life ScienceLS.2 – All living things are composed of one or more cells that support life processes, as described by the cell theory.LS.4 – There are chemical processes of energy transfer which are important for life. BiologyBIO.2 – Chemical and biochemical processes are essential for life.BIO.3 – Cells have structure and function. Virginia's SOLs are available from the Virginia Department of Education, online at http://www.doe.virginia.gov/testing/. Following are links to Water Radio episodes (various topics) designed especially for certain K-12 grade levels. Episode 250, 1-26-15 – on boiling, for kindergarten through 3rdgrade.Episode 255, 3-2-15 – on density, for 5th and 6th grade.Episode 282, 9-21-15 – on living vs. non-living, for kindergarten.Episode 309, 3-28-16 – on temperature regulation in animals, for kindergarten through 12th grade.Episode 333, 9-12-16
CLICK HERE to listen to episode audio (4:19).Sections below are the following: Transcript of Audio Audio Notes and Acknowledgments Images Sources Related Water Radio Episodes For Virginia Teachers (Relevant SOLs, etc.). Unless otherwise noted, all Web addresses mentioned were functional as of 9-3-21. TRANSCRIPT OF AUDIO From the Cumberland Gap to the Atlantic Ocean, this is Virginia Water Radio for the week of September 6, 2021. This revised episode from October 2017 is part of a series this fall of episodes on water connections to the human body and human biology. SOUND - ~3 secHow is a human heartbeat part of a water story? Have a listen for about 25 seconds to the following mystery sounds, and see if you can guess the heart-and-water connections they represent. And here's a hint: if you have the energy, you could follow many branches to this solution.SOUNDS - ~21 secYou've been listening to sounds from a platelets donation at the American Red Cross' New River Valley Donor Center in Blacksburg, Virginia. The sounds—a blood-pressure measurement, a needle stick into an arm vein, and the machine separating blood components and recirculating fluid to the patient—illustrate three connections between the human circulatory system and water.First, the heart provides a force—measured by blood pressure—to keep blood circulating around the body, like the sun's energy powers evaporation and winds that help keep water circulating around the earth. Second, arm veins are part of an intricately branched system of arteries, veins, and capillaries, resembling a watershed's branching pattern as one travels uphill from ocean to river to headwater streams. Humans have an estimated 60,000 to 100,000 miles of blood vessels, compared to Virginia's approximately 100,000 miles of rivers and streams. Finally, blood's components are mostly water: blood plasma is a solution of water and many biochemicals, mixed with water-based red and white blood cells and with platelets. As a result, blood in the human system has water's physical and chemical properties for transporting materials and regulating heat.Cells and transported substances make blood “thicker” than water, just as the saying goes. But the water we borrow temporarily from the global water cycle is at the chemical and physical heart of blood and the circulatory system's vital functions.Thanks to staff at the New River Valley Donor Center for participating in this episode, and thanks to Soundbible.com for the heartbeat sound. We close with some music inspired by the action of the human heart. Here's about 20 seconds of “Heartbeat,” by the Harrisonburg and Rockingham County, Va.-based band, The Steel Wheels. MUSIC - ~23 sec –Lyrics - “Feel my heartbeat comin' in next to you; heartbeat, yes you do.” SHIP'S BELL Virginia Water Radio is produced by the Virginia Water Resources Research Center, part of Virginia Tech's College of Natural Resources and Environment. For more Virginia water sounds, music, or information, visit us online at virginiawaterradio.org, or call the Water Center at (540) 231-5624. Thanks to Ben Cosgrove for his version of “Shenandoah” to open and close the show. In Blacksburg, I'm Alan Raflo, thanking you for listening, and wishing you health, wisdom, and good water. AUDIO NOTES AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This Virginia Water Radio episode revises and replaces Episode 392, 10-30-17, and Episode 236, 10-20-14. The human heartbeat sound was recorded by Mike Koenig and made available (9/14/09 upload) online at the Soundbible.com Web site, http://soundbible.com/1001-Heartbeat.html, for public use under the Creative Commons license “Attribution 3.0”; for more information on Creative Commons licenses, please see https://creativecommons.org/licenses/; information on the Attribution License specifically is online at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/. Other sounds heard in this episode were recorded at the American Red Cross New River Donor Center in Blacksburg, Virginia, during an October 19, 2014, platelet donation by Virginia Water Radio host Alan Raflo. Thanks to the staff at the Donor Center for their help and for allowing the sound recording. For information about blood and platelet donations, please visit the American Red Cross' “Donating Blood” Web site at http://www.redcrossblood.org/donating-blood.
Fun facts and cool info about that red fluid in your body.Sources for nerds:“Adult Jaundice: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment & Prevention.” Cleveland Clinic, 2018, my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15367-adult-jaundice.“Bilirubin Blood Test.” MedlinePlus, 30 Jan. 2020, medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/bilirubin-blood-test.“Facts About Blood and Blood Cells.” Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 15 Aug. 2019, www.mskcc.org/cancer-care/patient-education/facts-about-blood-and-blood-cells.“Overview of Blood and Blood Components - Health Encyclopedia - University of Rochester Medical Center.” University of Rochester, 2021, www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content.aspx?ContentTypeID=90&ContentID=P02316#:%7E:text=The%20main%20job%20of%20red,all%20parts%20of%20our%20body.Massachusetts General Hospital. "How the body disposes of red blood cells, recycles iron: Accumulation and removal of aged or damaged cells found to take place mostly in the liver, rather than the spleen." ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 18 July 2016. .“Why’s Your Poop Brown and What Can Cause Color Changes?” Healthline, 2021, www.healthline.com/health/why-is-poop-brown#other-colors.Support the show (https://www.buymeacoffee.com/wtfwithlily)
Hailing from Woorabinda in Central Queensland, proud Pitjantjatjara woman and elegant songstress, Miiesha, began singing with her family and in her community at a very young age. Today, Miiesha has ‘Nyaaringu' released to the world – a collection of songs (as she calls it) that staunchly represent a lifelong practice of her craft, encasing the complexity of individual Indigenous experience in velvety RnB and neo-soul. TRACKS PLAYED: ‘Caged Bird' ‘Black Privilege' ‘Drowning' ‘Interlude (Broken Tongues)' ‘Broken Tongues' ‘Interlude (Hold Strong)' ‘Hold Strong' ‘Tjitji' ‘Twisting Words' ‘Blood Cells' ‘Interlude (Self Care)' ‘Self Care' ‘Outro'. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.
Dr. Dominique Bonnet is the Group Leader of the Hematopoietic Stem Cell Laboratory at the Francis Crick Institute. Her lab is interested in the extrinsic mechanisms that regulate hematopoietic stem cells, and how they can intervene in order to eradicate the leukemic stem cell.
QUOTES “One drop of blood can be very telling”- Brandi Stewart. “Our bodies weren’t designed to handle the load that’s thrown on them now”- Brandi Stewart SHORT DESCRIPTION - After discovering the benefits of natural health options on her self healing journey, Brandi Stewart has put her knowledge into practice at Stewart Analysis. Her combined certification in Applied Microscope Technology for Health and Audit Processes, an insured wellness Counselor and years of experience guides her practice. Brandi analyses her clients microscopic blood cells to discover their life story. What is revealed then directs the holistic approach needed for her clients to achieve wellness. 1:00 - Brandi tells us about herself. She grew up in Central Valley, California.She was a Deputy Sheriff in her former years.Medically retired due to autoimmune health challenges.Moved to Maryland and sought alternative treatment options.Successfully controlled the conditions of Epstein Barr and Fibromyalgia which led to a 20 year natural health career. 2:08 - Brandi details nutritional microscopy and what she does at Stewart Analysis. An educational tool used to analyse the human body through a fingerstick of blood.Lifestyle, diet and environmental factors can be identified through its negative or positive impact.Findings initiate a dialogue about health and wellness.Dark Field Microscopy, is a 100 year old technique founded by German biologist Gunther Enderlein.It embraces a natural way for the body to heal itself. 5:03 - Some common conditions presented for analysis. The effects of the standard American diet.High levels of toxins.Adrenal fatigue.Vitamin and mineral deficiencies. 10:30 - The type of results experienced with this treatment modality. Results vary from person to person.A person’s desire and discipline determines the results.Wellness plans are customised.Early detection of potential problems. 12:42 - Can blood analysis be used as a preventive measure?. There are clues in the blood which directs the path to healing. 12:58 - Who are the circle of professionals which clients are referred to?. Practitioners of alternative modalities who are masters of their craft. 13:31 - Audience Takeaway. The best quality of life comes from self responsibility for one’s health.Have a customised wellness plan with a good foundation of diet and exercise.Shifting or changing a few things can make a huge difference. Contact Information Tel: 863 860 6643 Website: stewartanalysis.com KEYWORDS Holistic, health, alternative, wellness, blood, analysis, microscopy
A new, focused ultrasound technique seems to destroy floating tumor cells without harming nearby…
A new, focused ultrasound technique seems to destroy floating tumor cells without harming nearby…
On this weeks episode we talk about the 5G conspiracy theory and how it ties in to the corona virus, we also discuss ghost hunters, #bekind hypocrisy and many other topics. Twitter @mattchatpodcast
Johnny and Jackson discuss 2008's Shooter, the downsides of whip-its in a surgical setting, and the benefits of sous-vide cooking Mark Wahlberg. Hi Everybody on Twitter: https://twitter.com/hieverybodyMD Hi Everybody on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/HiEverybodyMD/
How to align yourself with divine laws to achieve desired results. This can be confusing, because every divine law has one or more counterfeits.
What is the involvement of microRNAs in the inflammatory response? In this seminar, Dr. David Baltimore shows that the expression of three microRNAs (miR-132, miR-146, and miR-155) increase upon activation of the inflammatory pathway. Baltimore characterizes these microRNAs and shows how they are involved in the precise tuning of the inflammatory response.
Libby looks at Blood Cells for your GCSE Biology exam. In this episode, she will look at red blood cells, white blood cells and their adaptations. Ideal for preparing your for GCSE Biology exam. For more info visit www.senecalearning.com/blog/gcse-biology-revision
Libby looks at Blood Cells for your GCSE Biology exam. In this episode, she will look at red blood cells, white blood cells and their adaptations. Ideal for preparing your for GCSE Biology exam. For more info visit www.senecalearning.com/blog/gcse-biology-revision
FDA warns that symptoms of a serious condition affecting the blood cells are not being recognized with the leukemia medicine Idhifa (enasidenib)
Guest: Dr. David Knapp is a Post-Doctoral Fellow at the University of Oxford. Colin Hammond is a graduate student in Dr. Connie Eaves’ lab at the BC Cancer Agency. Dr. David Knapp and Colin Hammond…
Jane: Hi, everyone. Welcome to Episode 18 of Getting Personal: Omics of the Heart. I'm Jane Ferguson, and this podcast is brought to you by the Circulation: Genomic and Precision Medicine Journal and the American Heart Association Counsel on Genomic and Precision Medicine. It is July 2018, which means that the best possible place to be listening to this episode is at the beach, but failing that I can also recommend listening on planes, during your commute, while exercising or while drinking a nice cup of tea. So before I get into the papers we published this month, I want to ask for your help. If you're listening to this right now, hi, that means you, we're a year and a half into podcasting and I would love to know what content you like and where we could improve things. We have a poll up on Twitter this week, and I would really appreciate your input. If you're listening to this a little bit later and miss the active voting part of the poll, you can still leave suggestions. Okay, so what I would like you to do right now is to go to Twitter. You can find us as Circ_Gen and locate the poll. If you don't already follow us on Twitter, go do that now too. We want you to let us know what content we should focus on and what is most useful to you, so go ahead and pick your favorites from the options and also please reply or tweet at us with other thoughts and suggestions. Options include giving summaries of the recent articles like I'm about to do later this episode, conducting interviews with authors of recently published papers, interviews with people working in cardiovascular genomics, broader topics. For example, to get their insight on career paths and lessons learned along the way. And something we have not done yet on the podcast but are considering, would be to record podcasts that focus on particular topics in genomics and precision medicine. These could give some background on an emerging field or technology and we could talk to experts who are leading particular innovations in the field. So, if that sounds good to you, let me know! If you're not on Twitter, I don't want to exclude you, so you can email me at jane.f.ferguson@vanderbilt.edu and give me your thoughts that way. I'm looking forward to hearing from you. Okay, so on to the July 2018 issue of Circ.: Genomic and Precision Medicine. First up is a PhWAS from Abrahim Rao, Eric Ingelsson, and colleagues from Stanford. The discovery of the PCSK9 gene as a regulator of cholesterol levels has led to a new avenue of LDL lowering therapies through PCSK9 inhibition. However, some studies suggest that long term use of PCSK9 inhibitors could have adverse consequences. Because of the long follow-up time required, it will take many more years to address this question through clinical studies. However, genetic approaches offer a fast and convenient alternative to address the issue. In this paper, entitled: "Large Scale Phenome-Wide Association Study of PCSK9 Variants Demonstrates Protection Against Ischemic Stroke," the authors use genetic and phenotype data from over 300,000 individuals in the UK BioBank to address whether genetic loss of function variants in PCSK9 are associated with phenotypes including coronary heart disease, stroke, type II diabetes, cataracts, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, epilepsy, and cognitive function. The missense variant RS11591147 was associated with protection against coronary heart disease and ischemic stroke. This SNP also associated with type II diabetes after adjustment for lipid medication status. Overall, this study recapitulated the associations between PCSK9 and coronary disease, and revealed an association with stroke. Previous studies suggested use of LDL lowering therapies may increase risk of cataracts, epilepsy, and cognitive dysfunction, but there was no evidence of association in this study. Overall, this study provides some reassurance that the primary effect of PCSK9 is on lipids and lipid related diseases, and that any effects on other phenotypes appear to be modest at best. While a PhWAS can't recapitulate a clinical trial, what this study indicates is that PCSK9 inhibition is an effective strategy for CVD prevention, which may confer protection against ischemic stroke and does not appear to convey increased risk for cognitive side effects. Next up we have a manuscript form Jason Cowan, Ray Hershberger, and colleagues from Ohio State University College of Medicine. Their paper, "Multigenic Disease and Bilineal Inheritance in Dilated Cardiomyopathy Is Illustrated in Non-segregating LMNA Pedigrees," explored pedigrees of apparent LMNA related cardiomyopathy identifying family members who manifested disease, despite not carrying the purported causal LMNA variant. Of 19 pedigrees studies, six of them had family members with dilated cardiomyopathy who did not carry the family's LMNA mutation. In five of those six pedigrees, the authors identified at least one additional rare variant in a known DCM gene that was a plausible candidate for disease causation. Presence of additional variants was associated with more severe disease phenotype in those individuals. Overall, what this study tells us is that in DCM, there is evidence for multi-gene causality and bilineal inheritance may be more common than previously suspected. Future larger studies should consider multi-genic causes and will be required to fully understand the genetic architecture of DCM. Yukiko Nakano, Yasuki Kihara, and colleagues from Hiroshima University published a manuscript detailing how HCN4 gene polymorphisms are associated with tachycardia inducted cardiomyopathy in patients with atrial fibrillation. Tachycardia induced cardiomyopathy is common in subjects with atrial fibrillation, but the pathophysiology is poorly understood. Recent studies have implicated the cardiac hyperpolarization activated cyclic nucleotide gated channel gene, or HCN4, in atrial fibrillation and ventricular function. In this paper, the authors enrolled almost 3,000 Japanese subjects with atrial fibrillation, both with and without tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy, as well as non-AF controls. They compared frequency of variants in HCN4 in AF subjects with or without tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy, and found a SNP, RS7164883, that may be a novel marker of tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy in atrial fibrillation. Xinyu Yang, Fuli Yu, and coauthors from Tianjin University were interested in finding causal genes for intracranial aneurysms, and report their results in a manuscript entitled, "Rho Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor ARHGEF17 Is a Risk Gene for Intracranial Aneurysms." They sequenced the genomes of 20 Chinese intracranial aneurysm patients to search for potentially deleterious, rare, and low frequency variants. They found a coding variant in the ARHGEF17 gene which was associated with associated with increased risk in the discovery sample, and which they replicated in a sample of Japanese IA and in a larger Chinese sample. They expanded this to other published studies, including individuals of European-American and French-Canadian origin and found a significantly increased mutation burden in ARHGEF17 in IA patients across all samples. They were interested in further functional characterization of this gene and found that Zebra fish ARHGEF17 was highly expressed in blood vessels in the brain. They used morpholinos to knock down ARHGEF17 in Zebra fish, and found that ARHGEF17 deficient Zebra fish developed endothelial lesions on cerebral blood vessels, and showed evidence of bleeding consistent with defects in the vessel. This study implicates ARHGEF17 as a cerebro-vascular disease gene which may impact disease risk through effects on endothelial function and blood vessel stability. Sumeet Khetarpal, Paul Babb, Dan Rader, Ben Voight, and colleagues from the University of Pennsylvania used targeted resequencing to look at determinants of extreme HDL cholesterol in their aptly titled manuscript, "Multiplexed Targeted Resequencing Identifies Coding and Regulatory Variation Underlying Phenotypic Extremes of HDL Cholesterol in Humans." Stay tuned because we're gonna hear more about this paper from the first author Dr. Sumeet Khetarpal later this episode. Rounding out this issue we have a Perspective article from Chris Haggerty, Cynthia James, and coauthors from Geisinger and Johns Hopkins Medical Center entitled, "Managing Secondary Genomic Findings Associated With Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy: Case Studies and Proposal for Clinical Surveillance." In this paper the authors discuss the challenges for returning findings from clinical sequencing for arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy, presenting case studies exemplifying these challenges. They also propose a management approach for returning clinical genomic findings, and discuss new innovations in the light of precision medicine. We also published a review article by Pradeep Natarajan, Siddhartha Jaiswal, and Sekar Kathiresan from MGH on "Clonal Hematopoiesis Somatic Mutations in Blood Cells and Atherosclerosis", which discusses recent advances in our knowledge on the role of somatic mutations in cardiovascular disease risk. Finally, we have an update on some pharmacogenomics research into CYP2C19 Genotype-Guided Antiplatelet Therapy by Craig Lee and colleagues which we published a few months ago. Dr. Lee was also featured on Podcast episode 15 in April of this year. Jernice Aw and colleagues from Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore shared from complimentary data from their sample of 247 Asian subjects which found the risk for major adverse cardiovascular events was over 30-fold greater for poor metabolizers, as defined by CYP2C19 genotype on clopidogrel, as compared to those with no loss of function allele. You can read that letter and the response from Dr. Lee and colleagues online now. And, as usual, all of the original research articles come with an editorial to help give some more background and perspective to each paper. Go to circgenetics.ahajournals.org to find all the papers and to access video summaries and more. Our interview is with Dr. Sumeet Khetarpal who recently completed his MD-PhD training at the University of Pennsylvania, and is currently a resident in Internal Medicine at Massachusets General Hospital. Sumeet kindly took some time out from his busy residency schedule to talk to me about his recently published paper, and to explain how molecular inversion probe target capture actually works. So I am here with Dr. Sumeet Khetarpal who is co-first author on a manuscript entitled, "Multiplexed Targeted Resequencing Identifies Coding and Regulatory Variation Underlying Phenotypic Extremes of High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol in Humans." Welcome Sumeet, thanks for taking the time to talk to me. Dr. Khetarpal: Thank you so much Dr. Ferguson, it's really a pleasure to talk to you today. Jane: Before we get started, maybe you could give a brief introduction on yourself and then how you started working on this paper. Dr. Khetarpal: Sure, so this work actually was a collaboration that came out at the University of Pennsylvania that I was involved with through my PhD thesis lab, my mentor was Dan Rader, and also a lab that is a somewhat newer lab at Penn, Benjamin Voight's lab which is a strong sort of computational genomic lab. This work actually highlights the fun of collaborating within your institution. We had, for some time, been interested in developing a way to sequence candidate genes. Both known genes and also new genes that have come out of genome-wide association studies that underlie the extremes of HDL cholesterol, namely very high cholesterol versus low HDL cholesterol. We've been looking for a cost-effective and scalable way to do this. Independently, Ben, who is very interested in capturing the non-coding genome, was interested in developing a method to better understand the non-coding variation, both common and rare variation that may be present at all of these new loci that have come out for complex traits such as HDL. We, at some Penn event several years ago, were talking about our common interest and Ben had actually identified this work that had come out of J. Shendure's lab at the University of Washington. A paper by the first author, Brian O'Rouke, in Science in 2012 in which they had developed an approach that involved molecular inversion probes, or MIPs, to capture regions of the genome related to target the gene that they were interested in studying for autism-spectrum disorders. They had applied this largely to coding regions of, I think, almost 50 genes and almost 2,500 patients with the feedback to do deep, targeted sequencing. So our thought was, well, we could try to apply this approach and adapt it to capture non-coding regions, and also see if we can expand the utility of this approach to study the phenotypic extremes of a complex trait such as HDL cholesterol. Jane: Yeah, that's really cool. I love how you saw this method in a totally different application and then realized that there was expertise at Penn that you could bring together to apply this in a different way. I'd love to hear more about this MIP, the molecular inversion probe. How does it work? How difficult is it to actually do? Is it very different from normal library preparation for sequencing or is it something that's actually relatively easy to apply? Dr. Khetarpal: These MIP probes are oligonucleotide probes that capture your region of interest by flanking them and capturing by gap filling. There's a method to capture parts of the genome in a library-free way. They do ultimately involve barcoding the way traditional library-based target capture does and then deep sequencing. But the most impressive feature about them is just that they're very scalable. I think in the original paper by O'Rouke and colleagues they were able to sequence their set of genes and their set of samples at about a sample preparation cost of $1 per sample, and we were actually able to do about the same for our study. The main utility of the approach is just the economic scalability, and the ability to customize your panel to capture several regions of the genome that are adjacent to each other. Jane: Right, so how many genes or regions can you multiplex at the same time? Is it just one prep, like you just design all of your oligos, you put them all together in one reaction, or are you doing separate reactions for each region? Dr. Khetarpal: We're actually doing all of our oligos together. In our case, I think it ended up being around the order of almost 600 oligos together to capture our ultimately 50kB of genomic territory that we wanted to capture. Really, our study was kind of a pilot experiment where we picked a few genes or regions of high interest to us, both known genes that effect HDL and also those that have been implicated in genome-wide association studies that were of high interest to our labs. I think that this approach could actually be expanded to capture much more genomic territory in a single capture reaction. We sort of touched the surface probably of what we could do. Jane: Wow, that's cool! And then for sequencing it, I guess it's really just a function of how many samples you wanna multiplex and how much you want to sequence from each region. So I suppose the way you did it, you had about 50kB and then you had over 1,500 participants and you were able to do those on a single HiSeq run, right? Dr. Khetarpal: Right. Jane: So I suppose if you'd done more genetic regions, you would've had fewer people and vice versa so you can balance that out depending on if you're having more samples or more genomic regions to sequence. Dr. Khetarpal: Exactly, in certain ways the design of our experiment we had a limited sample size that did afford us some luxury in terms of knowing that we would have deep coverage of the region that we were targeting. I think that's always a critical question in sort of targeted or just sequencing in general. The balance between the number of regions that you want to sequence and the number of samples you want to sequence is going to dictate what your sequencing depth with be. Jane: Right, okay so I guess if we go on to what you actually found, how'd you pick this? You picked seven regions which encompasses eight candidate genes for HDL, so how did you select those? Dr. Khetarpal: The population that we were studying, the samples we were looking to sequence were largely individuals which fall into two bins if you will. One was extremely high HDL cholesterol which we're defining as the greater than the 95th percentile, but really there was a range within that population that spanned individuals with probably greater than the 99th percentile of HDL. We were hoping as a proof of principle effort to identify variation in genes that were known causes of high HDL cholesterol in prior studies of Mendelian genes for HDL. So genes such as LIP gene which encodes endothelial lipase or CETP or SCARB1, these 3 genes are, at this point, well-known genes that loss of function mutations are associated with extremely high HDL. We thought that capturing some of those genes would potentially both provide a level of validation for the approach, hypothesizing that individuals with high HDL would be enriched with these genes, but also may allow us to find new variants in these genes or also non-coding variants which has not previously been studied before. Some of the genes came out from that line of thinking, then some of the other genes happened to be genes that in the Rader laboratory we had a vested interest in understanding the genetic variation that might link the genes to HDL, which may not have necessarily come out before. For example, the gene GALNT2 is one of the first g-loss implicated novel genes for HDL, novel as in the earliest g-loss study for plasma lipids had identified that gene as associated with HDL but it never had come out before as being so. Our laboratory was very interested in better understanding the genetic relationship between genes such as GALNT2 and several of the others such as CCDC92 and ZNF664 with HDL. It ended up being a hodge-podge or a sampling of genes that had at some level been implicated with HDL, but really it's just a proof of principle that this method could work for both identifying variation in known genes and also less studied ones. Jane: You validated the MIP genotyping by exome genotyping, and then saw concordance of over 90%, is that lower than you were expecting? Was it about what you were expecting based on these two different methods of genotyping? Dr. Khetarpal: Yes, I think we were expecting somewhere on the order of 90 plus percent. It's hard to know why we just hit that, we likely would've benefited from being able to genotype all of the individuals by the exome chip that we had sequenced as well, where we were able to validate in about two-thirds of those individuals. It's hard to know exactly what the cause of the about 10% discordance rate might be, whether it's just in certain samples the genotyping quality was perhaps on the border of being valid or the sequencing quality. Jane: Right, I'm wondering sort of with the MIP, what's the gold standard? Is the XM chip genotyping still the gold standard and the MIP maybe is more error-prone, or perhaps the other way around? Or is it you can't tell at this point which is the true genotype and which is an error potentially for those discordant ones? Dr. Khetarpal: Certainly whenever there's a new sequencing methodology that is proposed I think it's critical to have some sort of validation. We happened to cover regions that would span the genome enough that we had XM chip genotyping in a large subset, that that might be the best approach. But if you had a limited number of regions or variance that you were interested in one could imagine also doing Sanger sequencing as the tried and tested validation approach. Of course it becomes not so scalable at a certain point. Certainly we would say that the MIPs, while the method has been developed and expanded by the Shendure lab, our hope is that through our studies maybe it will be applied further. It's still very much a new approach and so validation is key. Jane: Very important. What do you think was the most exciting finding that came out of this, after you analyzed the data, what were you most excited about seeing? Dr. Khetarpal: The critical finding for us, which I think implies the utility of the approach, was just the validation of four of the loci that we had studied. Validation in our cohort of known genome-wide significant associations for HDL that had been published previously in almost 200,000 individuals in terms of sample size, in our experiment involving just about 1,500 people we were able to find consistent associations of those same variants that segregated with low versus high HDL. Directionally consistent with the large genome-wide association studies. I think the value of this finding is really just to emphasize the utility of the case control design in these phenotypic extremes, in addition to the overarching goal of our study, which was in a way that perhaps provides the most validation of the approach in terms of concordance with prior known studies. Jane: So if somebody was listening to this and was trying to decide should they use MIP for a study they have in mind, should they use another technique? Based on your experience, what would you recommend? Dr. Khetarpal: I think in our current stage it's a very exciting time because we're just seeing whole genome sequencing really take off and being used at scale to ask critical questions about non-coding variation as it relates to both disease and complex traits. I don't think we're quite there yet with being able to apply that approach in a cost effective manner. The ability to annotate and analyze that data is still at it's infancy. The utility of the MIPs is that it provides a very cheap alternative. I can say from my experiences actually doing the capture and preparation from sample to sequencer stage that it's a very easy to use methodology that is very fast and cheap. That if one is really interested in a handful, or more than a handful, of candidate genes and their non-coding regions as it relates to a trait or disease of interest, it may not be the era for going full on with whole genome sequencing, especially at the current cost. That's where I think the MIPs really come in to be very useful. Jane: It sounds great, is there anything else that you'd like to mention? Dr. Khetarpal: Just to say that we recognize it's a relatively small study as our pioneer approach with this method but that the Rader lab and Voight labs are actively pursuing larger applications of this to study, not only HDL, but other complex traits, such as diabetes, in much larger populations. I can't overemphasize how easy of a method it is to apply, but also that I think a bigger take home of this study for me as a very recent graduate student working in a very collaborative institution the ability of two laboratories to come together with different sets of expertise to try to tackle a problem that I think goes beyond the individual science. For any human geneticist how to find the variation you're interested in and not break the bank is kind of at the core of what we do, and so I think it was very fun to be part of this collaboration and our hope is that the outcome of it is a method that can be useful for many people, both in our field and beyond. Jane: I think it's great and I'm hoping this will inspire a lot of other people to try this method and see if it can work for them. So, congratulations on the study, it's really nice work. Dr. Khetarpal: Thank you so much! Jane: That's all I have for you for July, thanks for listening. Send me your thoughts on the podcast via Twitter or email, or leave us a review in Itunes. I look forward to talking to you next month.
Red and white blood cells, what cell does what job and how do they help us? Professor Hallux investigates!
Over 40 million liters of donor blood are collected annually all over the world, but it is not enough to meet blood transfusion demands. On top of that, these donations don’t last long. Blood cannot be stored for more than just a couple of days. So blood centers are in constant demand for new donors. But according to Mark Looney, a professor of Medicine at the University of California, San Francisco this is not the only problem with donated blood. “It seems like we are in an antiquated era of collecting blood from strangers, collecting mature cells from strangers and giving them as a transfusion." According to Looney, foreign blood can bring along viruses and bacteria to a recipient’s body. That’s a big risk. And that’s why researchers are looking for new ways of getting blood to patients. “So if we could come up with a more effective approach, maybe something that is cell based, than maybe it is going to be the way of the future.” Looney says engineered blood cells from patients’ own bodies could be a better solution in modern medicine when it comes to blood transfusion or cell transplants.
Guest In this episode, we welcome Drs. Shahin Rafii and Raphael Lis. Dr. Rafii is director of the Ansary Stem Cell Institute, chief of the Division of Regenerative Medicine, and the Arthur B. Belfer Professor…
The Total Tutor Neil Haley will interview David Morrissey of Starz's The Missing. One of TV's most gripping thrillers, “The Missing” returns with a new case, new characters and a new location. The series follows Sam and Gemma played by David Morrissey (“The Walking Dead,” “Extant”) and Keeley Hawes (“Line of Duty,” “The Casual Vacancy,” “The Durrells”), whose daughter Alice went missing in 2003. In 2014, a young British woman stumbles through the streets of her German hometown and collapses. Her name is Alice Webster, played by newcomer Abigail Hardingham (Nina Forever), and she has been missing for 11 years. Alice's return sends shockwaves through the small community. Told in dual timelines, flitting between 2014 and the present day, we follow Alice's family as they are thrown back into a turmoil that threatens to tear them apart at the seams. When French missing person's detective, Julien Baptiste, played by Tchéky Karyo (Goldeneye, The Patriot), races across Europe to pursue a 12-year-old case that he never let die, we begin to explore the murky morality and emotional complexity of what happens when the missing child you've been longing to return actually comes back. The cast also includes Roger Allam (“Endeavour,” “Tamara Drewe”), Laura Fraser (“Breaking Bad,” “Peter & Wendy,” “One of Us”), Anastasia Hille (Snow White and the Huntsman, “Prey”), Lia Williams (“The Crown,” “The Foreigner”), Jake Davies (“X + Y,” “Yen”), Florian Bartholomäi (“Deutschland 83,” Smaragdgrün, “Tatort-Taxi nach Leipzig”), Daniel Ezra (“Murdered by My Boyfriend,” Blood Cells).
Those responding to an infectious disease outbreak like Ebola might one day be protected by specially engineered red blood cells.
Those responding to an infectious disease outbreak like Ebola might one day be protected by specially engineered red blood cells.
Luke Seomore, Ben young, Joseph Bullregisti di Blood Cells per Biennale College CinemaSocial Red Carpet presenta "Venezia 71 Interviews":Le interviste realizzate durante il Movie Camp avvenuto alla 71^ edizione della Mostra Internazionale d’Arte Cinematografica di Venezia.Social Red Carpet è un progetto NETLIFE comunicazione, Movie Camp e MILK - Minds In a Lovely Karma insieme per “Cinema 2.0”.
Luke Seomore, Ben young, Joseph Bullregisti di Blood Cells per Biennale College CinemaSocial Red Carpet presenta "Venezia 71 Interviews":Le interviste realizzate durante il Movie Camp avvenuto alla 71^ edizione della Mostra Internazionale d’Arte Cinematografica di Venezia.Social Red Carpet è un progetto NETLIFE comunicazione, Movie Camp e MILK - Minds In a Lovely Karma insieme per “Cinema 2.0”.
Barry Ward (actor), Luke Seomore (Writer/Directors), Joseph Bull (Writer/Directors), Blood Cells. Festival Section: Biennale College Cinema. The Biennale College cinema only selects 12 projects to work with and develop for the big screen, BLOOD CELLS is one of the twelve. We spoke to writer/directors Luke Seomore and Joseph Bull and [...] The post Barry Ward, Luke Seomore, Joseph Bull – Blood Cells #Venezia71 appeared first on Fred Film Radio.
Barry Ward (actor), Luke Seomore (Writer/Directors), Joseph Bull (Writer/Directors), Blood Cells. Festival Section: Biennale College Cinema. The Biennale College cinema only selects 12 projects to work with and develop for the big screen, BLOOD CELLS is one of the twelve. We spoke to writer/directors Luke Seomore and Joseph Bull and [...] The post Barry Ward, Luke Seomore, Joseph Bull – Blood Cells #Venezia71 appeared first on Fred Film Radio.
Barry Ward (actor), Luke Seomore (Writer/Directors), Joseph Bull (Writer/Directors), Blood Cells. Festival Section: Biennale College Cinema. The Biennale College cinema only selects 12 projects to work with and develop for the big screen, BLOOD CELLS is one of the twelve. We spoke to writer/directors Luke Seomore and Joseph Bull and [...] The post Barry Ward, Luke Seomore, Joseph Bull – Blood Cells #Venezia71 appeared first on Fred Film Radio.
Barry Ward (actor), Luke Seomore (Writer/Directors), Joseph Bull (Writer/Directors), Blood Cells. Festival Section: Biennale College Cinema. The Biennale College cinema only selects 12 projects to work with and develop for the big screen, BLOOD CELLS is one of the twelve. We spoke to writer/directors Luke Seomore and Joseph Bull and [...] The post Barry Ward, Luke Seomore, Joseph Bull – Blood Cells #Venezia71 appeared first on Fred Film Radio.
Barry Ward (actor), Luke Seomore (Writer/Directors), Joseph Bull (Writer/Directors), Blood Cells. Festival Section: Biennale College Cinema. The Biennale College cinema only selects 12 projects to work with and develop for the big screen, BLOOD CELLS is one of the twelve. We spoke to writer/directors Luke Seomore and Joseph Bull and [...] The post Barry Ward, Luke Seomore, Joseph Bull – Blood Cells #Venezia71 appeared first on Fred Film Radio.
Barry Ward (actor), Luke Seomore (Writer/Directors), Joseph Bull (Writer/Directors), Blood Cells. Festival Section: Biennale College Cinema. The Biennale College cinema only selects 12 projects to work with and develop for the big screen, BLOOD CELLS is one of the twelve. We spoke to writer/directors Luke Seomore and Joseph Bull and [...] The post Barry Ward, Luke Seomore, Joseph Bull – Blood Cells #Venezia71 appeared first on Fred Film Radio.
Those responding to an Ebola outbreak in Africa…or a terrorist anthrax attack in D-C…might one day be protected by specially engineered red blood cells.
Those responding to an Ebola outbreak in Africa…or a terrorist anthrax attack in D-C…might one day be protected by specially engineered red blood cells.
Medizinische Fakultät - Digitale Hochschulschriften der LMU - Teil 14/19
Wed, 13 Jun 2012 12:00:00 +0100 https://edoc.ub.uni-muenchen.de/14442/ https://edoc.ub.uni-muenchen.de/14442/1/Moser_Stephanie.pdf Moser, Stephanie ddc:610, ddc:600, Medizinisch
In the summer of 2002, Steven came up with the idea to do an art experiment by adding bass tracks to 2 White Stripes songs and sharing them with Redd Kross fans via the internet. The overwhelmingly positive response inspired him to cover the entire "White Blood Cells" record. Word spread quickly over the internet and soon press such as Entertainment Weekly, Pitchfork Media, the NY Times, BB Gun to name but a few ran articles about "Redd Blood Cells." The original intent was to post 2 songs per week, and it would all be over within a 2 month span of time; however the popularity of this art project has made us decide to archive at least part of it on www.ReddKross.com since so many people still come to the site looking for it."Besides it's the coolest thing in the world ... I'm playing bass in the White Stripes ... I am Steven White ... that is unless they kick me out." - Steven McDonald / Redd KrossI hope you enjoy this digital time-capsule.
Starting with the first diagnosis, we trace the history of sickle cell disease. We also visit the world of statistics to discover how many children are born with the illness.
Starting with the first diagnosis, we trace the history of sickle cell disease. We also visit the world of statistics to discover how many children are born with the illness.
Transcript -- Starting with the first diagnosis, we trace the history of sickle cell disease. We also visit the world of statistics to discover how many children are born with the illness.
Transcript -- Starting with the first diagnosis, we trace the history of sickle cell disease. We also visit the world of statistics to discover how many children are born with the illness.
Transcript -- Find out how maths is used to measure haemoglobin levels. Plus, what is the public's perception of maths?
Find out how maths is used to measure haemoglobin levels. Plus, what is the public's perception of maths?
Transcript -- Find out how maths is used to measure haemoglobin levels. Plus, what is the public's perception of maths?
Find out how maths is used to measure haemoglobin levels. Plus, what is the public's perception of maths?
Background: Endogenous ligands of cannabinoid receptors ( endocannabinoids), in particular anandamide ( arachidonylethanolamide), have been recognized as being of crucial importance in a variety of physiological functions. Plasma concentrations of anandamide have been measured in a number of investigations; however, discrepant data on "normal'' anandamide plasma concentrations were reported. Since this might be caused by pre-analytical variables, we investigated the impact of different sample handling conditions on measured plasma anandamide concentrations. Methods: Blood samples were taken from healthy volunteers in EDTA- or heparin-containing tubes; whole blood samples were kept at +4 degrees C, room temperature, or 37 degrees C, respectively, for up to 120 min before obtaining plasma by centrifugation. Plasma anandamide concentrations were measured by an isotope-dilution liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry ( LC-MS/MS) method. Results: A marked time- and temperature-dependent increase in plasma anandamide concentrations ex vivo was observed in both EDTA- and heparin-containing tubes. Mean anandamide concentrations approximately doubled when EDTA samples were kept at 4 degrees C for 60 min before centrifugation {[}immediately centrifuged, 1.3 mg/L ( SD 0.3 mg/L); 2.8 mg/L ( SD 0.5 mg/L) after storage for 60 min; n=12). After storage of heparinized whole-blood samples for 120 min at 37 degrees C, a mean plasma anandamide concentration of 11.9 mg/L ( SD 1.8 mg/L) was found. In cell-free plasma, no increase in anandamide concentrations was found. Conclusion: Anandamide is released from blood cells ex vivo at a very high rate; therefore, strictly standardized pre-analytical protocols have to be applied for plasma anandamide determination.
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