Podcasts about new york tribune

America's hidden Marxist history reveals a country where radical ideas took root in ways we've deliberately forgotten. Dr. Andrew Hartman takes us on a journey through this erased past, uncovering how deeply Marx's ideas penetrated American society from the Civil War through today.Marx himself was surprisingly connected to America, writing hundreds of articles for the New York Tribune—the world's most-read newspaper in the 1850s—and developing key theories about labor and freedom through his analysis of American slavery. These writings would profoundly shape his masterwork, Capital, yet few Americans know this historical connection exists.The real revelation comes when we discover how widely Marx's ideas spread across America's heartland. Oklahoma socialists outnumbered Republicans for a decade. Mining towns in Montana and Colorado witnessed class warfare that rivals any European struggle. Jack London wasn't just writing adventure tales but promoting Marxism through passionate speeches and novels like The Iron Heel. These weren't fringe movements but significant political forces shaping American life.What makes American Marxism distinct is its remarkable hybridization—merging with evangelical Christianity in the South, populism in the Midwest, and civil rights activism in Black communities. Far from a rigid foreign ideology, Marxist thought provided analytical tools that diverse Americans adapted to understand their specific struggles against exploitation.Through economic crashes, war, and cultural upheaval, Marxist ideas have resurged repeatedly in American life—most recently since the 2008 financial crisis. By recovering this deliberately obscured history, we gain insight not just into our past but into the persistent appeal of radical critiques when capitalism fails to deliver on its promises of freedom and prosperity for all.Send us a text Musis by Bitterlake, Used with Permission, all rights to BitterlakeLeadership Lessons From The Great BooksReading great literature is better than trying to read and understand...Listen on: Apple Podcasts SpotifySupport the showCrew:Host: C. Derick VarnIntro and Outro Music by Bitter Lake.Intro Video Design: Jason MylesArt Design: Corn and C. Derick VarnLinks and Social Media:twitter: @varnvlogblue sky: @varnvlog.bsky.socialYou can find the additional streams on YoutubeCurrent Patreon at the Sponsor Tier: Jordan Sheldon, Mark J. Matthews, Lindsay Kimbrough, RedWolf, DRV, Kenneth McKee, JY Chan, Matthew Monahan, Parzival, Adriel Mixon

After the main arch was completed, a writer for the New York Tribune said: Perhaps never in human history has a mechanical triumph of such magnitude been launched with so little fanfare. In the second half of our Hell Gate show, founding member and story director Erika Iverson interviews the authors before their story partners […]

150 Years Ago (August 1874) Charles Watts, a machinist, and James Coleman, 13, swam from Newburgh to Dennings Point, a little over 1 mile, in an hour. Philip Smith, the editor of the Pawling Pioneer, put a call out for material for what became the General History of Duchess County, from 1609 to 1876, Inclusive. Prospectors continued their search for iron ore in the Fishkill Mountains east of Dutchess Junction. Some of the iron recovered from the vessel of two men arrested in Poughkeepsie and accused of being river pirates came from Fishkill Landing. A deckhand was kicked in the mouth aboard the Union ferryboat by an unruly cow. Walter Brown, 8, drowned in the reservoir of the new hat works. The Hudson River Railroad adopted a new method of collection: The conductor punched tickets, and the collector followed behind to take them. An iron box supposed to contain Capt. Kidd's treasure was discovered in the creek. After a great effort to get it ashore, it turned out to be a mill door made of oak and bound with heavy strips of iron. It was 3 feet by 5 feet and weighed about 1,000 pounds. "Visions of sudden wealth vanished in an instant," said The Cold Spring Recorder. James Jones, the street sprinkler, closed his business for lack of funds. Jonn Jones, 16, lost the tip of three fingers to a hay cutter. John Haley, who lost a leg to a train at Dutchess Junction, sued the Hudson River Railroad Co. for $10,000 [about $275,000 today]. A contractor was hired to carefully disassemble a wooden bridge at Matteawan to recover the materials but instead demolished it. A passenger on the Newburgh ferry, while checking the time, dropped his $35 [$1,000] pocket watch into the river. An alcohol lamp exploded at the Seamless Clothing factory, seriously burning a carpenter named Divine, who was blamed for the accident. Fishkill Bay was filled on a Sunday afternoon with rowboats, sailboats, yachts and miniature steamers. A 16-year-old Fishkill boy arrested for stealing a $10 [$275] accordion was sentenced to six months in jail. His 8-year-old brother was not charged. Citing prices that had fallen by nearly 70 percent, brickyard owners said they would close unless workers accepted a reduction in pay. At Fishkill Landing, a husband who kept a "whiskey ranch" [distillery] began breaking the dishes during a fight with his wife. According to a news report, she "asserted the supremacy of women's rights" by knocking him down with a single punch and choking him until he surrendered. The highway commissioners decided to erect an iron post bridge at Fountain Street. They awarded the job to Mr. Hutchinson, who bid $2,225 [$61,000]. The 43-year-old Fishkill Journal changed its name to the Matteawan Journal. After a creditor seized the assets of the Sluthoun & Son's Circus during its stop in Fishkill Landing, the performers who remained in town after losing their jobs organized a troupe that performed a sold-out show at Swift's Hall in Newburgh. 125 Years Ago (August 1899) The Beacon Hose Co. chartered the Emeline for a moonlight family excursion. While digging a ditch, a farmer near Newburgh discovered what appeared to be the bones of a mastodon. He declined an offer from the Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences to buy them. Barton Fitzsimmons died at the General Hospital at Fishkill Landing after being stricken with hiccoughs [hiccups] for five days. Members of the Matteawan yacht club traveled to New York City to retrieve its new boat, the Matteawan. Michael Hora was shot in the chest at a brickyard, renewing tensions between Black and Arab workers, but declined to name the assailant. The New-York Tribune claimed that more trouble was expected because every worker "carries a large revolver." Rosanna Wakeman of Newburgh died of blood poisoning after she pared her corns too closely with a razor. 100 Years Ago (August 1924) In swimming races at Dennings Point organized by the Beacon Playground Association and the Beacon Journal, T.W. Wilson of Cold Spring ...

Send me a text messageFinding Margaret Fuller is a fictionalized account of 19th-century feminist Margaret Fuller's life, including her influential relationships, work in women's rights, and role as the first female foreign correspondent for the New York Tribune. Despite being a mentor to significant figures like Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Louisa May Alcott, Fuller remains an unsung heroine. Alison shares the process of discovering and writing about Fuller, and they discuss her profound impact on modern society despite her tragic early death. 

Editor's note: Beacon was created in 1913 from Matteawan and Fishkill Landing. 150 Years Ago (July 1874) A brickyard laborer at Fishkill Landing, while drunk, went into a home and tried to steal clothing. The woman of the house caught and beat him. Fishkill Landing implemented a license fee of $5 [about $138 today] for hack drivers, $10 for stage drivers and $10 for peddlers. The Newburgh Telegraph reported: "The boat race and foot race that was announced to take place at Fishkill Landing did not come off. It is said that the announcement was made to get a crowd of people over there. It was a complete humbug." A horse owned by Lewis Tompkins at Fishkill Landing was "sun struck" [suffered heat stroke] and died in great agony. A drunk couple stopped at the Fishkill Landing home of Miss Newlins selling what they said was soap. Miss Newlins told them to leave, but the man lingered until a neighbor, Mr. DeWhittemore, took him by the shoulders to guide him away. At the same time, the wife struck Miss Newlins over the head with a branch, knocking her down. Husband and wife were each sentenced to a year in jail. John Seeley, while drunk, jumped 25 feet from the Fountain Street bridge into the creek but was not hurt. The assets of the Sluthoun & Son's Circus were seized at Fishkill Landing by Andrew Tubbs of Schuylerville, to whom the concern owed a great deal of money. Tubbs had learned the circus was leaving horses behind to pay its bills, so he came to Fishkill Landing to secure the remaining property. A former captain of the ferryboat Union was declared the champion clam-eater of the central Hudson Valley after a competition at Denning's Point. He ate 160. The current captain of the Union was second with 147. The steamer William Baxter, built at Fishkill Landing, made 16 stops over six days during an efficient delivery run to Buffalo from New York City. Powered by coal, its fuel cost was calculated at 4 cents [$1] per mile. While Misses LaForge, dressmakers at Fishkill Landing, were engaged in their work, a man walked into the parlor, picked up a roll of silk from a table, neatly wrapped it in paper and walked out. 125 Years Ago (July 1899) Leonard Livingston, a hatter in Matteawan, inherited $25,000 [$946,000] as the sole heir of a wealthy aunt. After "a bitter canvass," according to the New-York Tribune, a vote on whether to merge Fishkill Landing and Matteawan failed with 65 percent against. The Tribune said Fishkill Landing residents didn't want to live in a village called Matteawan and Matteawan residents didn't want to live in a village "with people who would let a name stand in the way of improvement." The vote was 164-72 in Matteawan and 91-65 in Fishkill Landing. Edith Ramsey, who killed her husband at the Garden Hotel in New York City while he slept, was committed to the Matteawan Asylum for the Criminal Insane. She said she cut his throat because of his snoring. A jail physician testified that Mrs. Ramsey danced a jig and asked if she would be electrocuted. Walter Keene, of the Leader Baseball Club of Glenham, broke his arm while throwing a curveball. After a riot involving about 200 Black and Arab brickmakers at Freeman & Hammond's in Dutchess Junction, the sheriff organized a posse to prevent further violence. The brickyard owner, Michael Freeman, said the trouble began when two Black workers hit an Arab peddler over the head with a brick. The Arabs, he said, skipped work the next day to buy guns, which they fired that night into the Black shanties. In the morning, most of the Black workers left to find work on Long Island. The Arabs, however, thought they had gone for their own guns and prepared for a showdown, while the Arab peddler boasted that he was a former circus strongman and could lick every Black man in town if no bricks or razors were allowed. Freeman thought he might just hire a whole new crew. The sheriff warned that his officers would shoot to kill anyone who started trouble. The cornerstone was laid f...

SERIES 2 EPISODE 203: COUNTDOWN WITH KEITH OLBERMANN A-Block (1:40) BULLETIN: The New York Times has called for a candidate to drop out of the presidential race after his performance in a debate - a debate which has IMPROVED his standing against his opponent in several polls. No, President Biden is not dropping out. And that wasn't a family oligarchy intervention Sunday at Camp David to tell him to. It was an offing photo shoot. There are no indications (and let's not fully exhale; we don't know if the impacts might appear long-term) that the debate had any significant impact on the presidential race. CBS-YouGov polling released Sunday says even in the wake of the understandable blunt-force trauma we all went through as we watched, 55% of the Democrats have NO interest in changing horses while after the same debate 54% percent of EVERYBODY says TRUMP should drop out. “I am finishing my second battleground state poll post-debate,” writes the Democratic pollster Geoff Garin, “and both surveys show the same thing: the debate had no effect on the vote choice. The election was extremely close and competitive before the debate, and it is still extremely close and competitive today.” Morning Consult and Data For Progress polled right after the debate, the percentages of those who think Biden should drop out went up like four points, but the Biden-versus-Trump match-up… Biden went UP a point. In Survey USA he went UP THREE points. Translation: yeah, maybe he should drop out but if he doesn't, I'm still voting for him. The almost negligible impact on Biden's poll numbers may be as transitory as whatever it was that impaired the president during the debate, because his health and age is baked-in to the voters' perception of him. There was nothing before the debate, nothing in his grueling international travels to the G7 and Normandy and elsewhere that was as bad as what he did during the debate. He was clear the day before and the next morning. And there is a plausible and intuitively satisfactory possible explanation for what CAUSES something like that in an 81-year old man. If the President had a cold – and I don't know about you, but I'll admit it: I'VE had colds in my life, and his hoarseness, it sounded to me like a cold – if he had a cold, did he take cold medicine? You know, like just Tylenol. Cold medicine. The Yale School of medicine professor, cardiologist and head of outcomes evaluation at Yale New Haven Hospital Center Dr. Harlan Krumholz wrote a piece for Newsweek: “Biden's symptoms are consistent with someone suffering from temporary drug-induced cognitive impairment. Most people believe common over-the-counter cold medications such as Dayquil, Tylenol, or Advil to be harmless. While generally well tolerated, these medications have well-documented side effects and can cause reduced alertness, diminished attention, poor memory, and reduced reaction time, especially in older individuals. These impairments are transitory but can appear consequential and alarming. Every experienced clinician has seen this effect thousands of times…" The real illness right now may be in our media. NBC News got the Camp David thing utterly wrong. The Times made fools of its editorial board and top columnists and based on something a staffer wrote there is every reason to suspect that it acted as it did because if Biden were to drop out it would prove the Times wasn't a fatally broken organization that put its thumb on the scale because he wouldn't give them a one-on-one interview. Regardless: the breaking news is - nothing's broken.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

In the fall of 1907, Mary Farmer decided she was tired of her modest life. So, one day, Mary wakes up with a plan to obtain her neighbors' house…illegally.  Weaving a web of lies, Mary is desperate to stay in her new big house and stay out of prison. Tea of the Day: Barry's Tea Theme Music by Brad FrankSources:Deadly woman vol 15: 20 Shocking True Crime Cases of Women Who Kill by Robert Keller, Copyright 2023.“Woman's Body In Trunk.” New-York Tribune, Tue, Apr 28, 1908, Page 1, https://www.newspapers.com/image/187176288/https://www.villageofbrownvilleny.com/“Mrs. Farmer Confesses Crime,” Yonkers Statesman, Tue, Apr 28, 1908, Page 1, https://www.newspapers.com/image/675968687/“Confesses Brennan Murder.” The New York Times, Wed, Apr 29, 1908, Page 1, https://www.newspapers.com/image/20440019/“Confesses, Say Police.” Buffalo Courier Express, Wed, Apr 29, 1908, Page 7, https://www.newspapers.com/image/344263753/“Mrs. James Farmer Makes Confession.” The Buffalo Enquirer, Sat, May 02, 1908 ·Page 1, https://www.newspapers.com/image/325711398/“New Facts Brought To Light.” The Buffalo Times, Wed, May 06, 1908 ·Page 3, https://www.newspapers.com/image/441770244/“Mrs. Farmer Guilty.” Rutland Daily Herald, Sat, Jun 20, 1908, Page 1, https://www.newspapers.com/image/533212606/“Woman Being Tried For Killing Woman.” The Morning Call, Fri, Jun 12, 1908, Page 1, https://www.newspapers.com/image/274596842/“Mary Farmer Put On Trial For Murder.” Poughkeepsie Eagle-News, Wed, Jun 17, 1908, Page 1, https://www.newspapers.com/image/114047250/“Swear That Mary Farmer Was Insane.” The Buffalo News, Thu, Jun 18, 1908, Page 1, https://www.newspapers.com/image/842991136/“Case Near The End.” Star-Phoenix, Thu, Jun 18, 1908, Page 1, https://www.newspapers.com/image/507501763/“Special Cell Needed For Condemned Woman.” The Brooklyn Citizen, Sun, Jun 21, 1908, Page 10, https://www.newspapers.com/image/541735960/“Troubled By Woman Slayer.” The New York Times, Mon, Jun 22, 1908, Page 1, https://www.newspapers.com/image/20432288/Poughkeepsie Eagle-News, Fri, Jun 26, 1908, Page 1, https://www.newspapers.com/image/114049119/“Respite for Murdress.” Lebanon Courier and Semi-Weekly Report, Fri, Aug 07, 1908, Page 7, https://www.newspapers.com/image/81498581/“Man and Wife in Death House.” Democrat and Chronicle, Tue, Nov 03, 1908, Page 2, https://www.newspapers.com/image/135480143/“Good Home for Child.” The Buffalo Enquirer, Mon, Nov 16, 1908, Page 6, https://www.newspapers.com/image/326283315/“Husband and Wife, Leaving Baby Boy, Will Die Together in Electric Chair.” Wilkes-Barre Times Leader, (Special to the Press) Auburn, NY, Tue, Nov 10, 1908, Page 4, https://www.newspapers.com/image/395192939/“Life of an Ex-Local Woman Rests with Highest Court.” Press and Sun-Bulletin, Wed, Jan 20, 1909, Page 2, https://www.newspapers.com/image/252653485/“Shall Motherhood Suffer Death in the Dreadful Chair.” Evansville Press, Wed, Feb 24, 1909, Page 3, https://www.newspapers.com/image/138553942/“Sal Randazzio & Pacy Hill: 2 of 12 Convicted of Murder in Cattaraugus and Executed.” Thomas McCarthy,General Secretary/webmaster, NY Correction History Society, https://www.correctionhistory.org/html/timeline/cattaraugus/salrandazzio&pacyhill.html“Secure Affidavits From Local People To Save Mary Farmer From Electric Chair.” Press and Sun-Bulletin, Sat, Feb 27, 1909 Page 2, https://www.newspapers.com/image/252663306/“Mrs. Farmer Is Electrocuted; Last Words Exonerate Husband.” The Buffalo News, Mon, Mar 29, 1909 Page 1, https://www.newspapers.com/image/351410552/“Mrs. Farmer Says Husband Had Nothing To Do With Murder.” and “Mrs. Farmer is Electrocuted in Auburn Prison.” (By United Press) The Cincinnati Post, Mon, Mar 29, 1909, Page 1, https://www.newspapers.com/image/761312669/“James Farmer Escapes Chair.” The Buffalo Commercial, Wed, Mar 02, 1910 Page 7, https://www.newspapers.com/image/279032363/“Jury Acquits Farmer on Its First Ballot: Greeted By Applause.” The Post-Standard, Wed, Mar 02, 1910 Page 8, https://www.newspapers.com/image/18716036/“Farmer Can't Work Till He's Stronger.” The Post-Standard, Tue, Mar 15, 1910 Page 12, https://www.newspapers.com/image/18719951/“Wife's Story Saves and Innocent ‘Judd.””Daily News, Tue, Jan 10, 1928 Page 304, https://www.newspapers.com/image/411639588/

Tune in for the sister episode to last week. This case covers another woman sentenced to death via electric chair in New York, just like Martha Place. Meet Maria Barbella, who walked up to her lover, Dominico Cataldo, and slit his throat from ear to ear because he refused to marry her. However, there is much more to this story than the newspapers are willing to print. Grab a tea and travel back to 1895 New York with us.Content warning: This episode covers sexual assault Domestic Abuse Hotline: 1- 800-799-7233National Sexual Assault Hotline: 1-800-656-4673Tea of the Day: Iron GoddessTheme Music by Brad FrankSources:“A Desperate Girl's Crime.” (Saturday's New York Sun) Fall River Daily Evening News, Mon, Apr 29, 1895 ·Page 4, https://www.newspapers.com/image/590758305/“ ‘I have no tears left.'” The Boston Globe, Sat, Apr 27, 1895 Page 12, https://www.newspapers.com/image/430862206/“Maria's Crime Told in Court.” The Evening World, (New York) Thu, Jul 11, 1895 Page 1, https://www.newspapers.com/image/146735804/“Maria Barberi at the bar. On Trial for the Murder of Her Faithless Lover.” The Brooklyn Daily Eagle, Thu, Jul 11, 1895 Page 2, https://www.newspapers.com/image/50411135/“Goaded Into Killing Him.” The Evening World, (New York) Fri, Jul 12, 1895 Page 2, https://www.newspapers.com/image/146735821/“The Barberi Murder Trial.” The Brooklyn Daily Eagle, Fri, Jul 12, 1895 Page 1, https://www.newspapers.com/image/50411148/New-York Tribune, Sat, Jul 13, 1895 Page 11, https://www.newspapers.com/image/149994722/“A Kind Hearted Prosecutor.” The Brooklyn Daily Eagle, Sun, Jul 14, 1895 Page 5, https://www.newspapers.com/image/50411201/“Maria Barberi is Guilty.” The New York Times, Tue, Jul 16, 1895 Page 1, https://www.newspapers.com/image/20303295/“To Die on August 19th.” The Standard Union, Thu, Jul 18, 1895 Page 1, https://www.newspapers.com/image/542220914/“Murder Justified.” Boston Post, Sun, Jul 21, 1895 Page 2, https://www.newspapers.com/image/72251869/“Woman As Criminals.” The Daily Sentinel-Tribune, Sat, Aug 10, 1895 Page 2, https://www.newspapers.com/image/882581856/“Would Die for Her.” The Sentinel, Tue, Aug 13, 1895 Page 4, https://www.newspapers.com/image/343922149/The Boston Globe, Sun, Aug 18, 1895 Page 9, https://www.newspapers.com/image/431001031/“The Barberi Case.” The Buffalo Enquirer, Mon, Nov 16, 1896 Page 1, https://www.newspapers.com/image/325596108/“Pleased with jury.” The Boston Globe, Wed, Nov 18, 1896 Page 7, https://www.newspapers.com/image/430773455/Library of Congress, “Immigration and Relocation in U.S. History.” https://www.loc.gov/classroom-materials/immigration/italian/tenements-and-toil/Smithsonian American Art Museum, “Tenement Life.” https://americanexperience.si.edu/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/Tenement-Life_.pdf“Mary Livermore.” Boston National Historical Park, https://www.nps.gov/people/mary-livermore.htm“In Her Defense.” The Standard Union, Fri, Nov 20, 1896 Page 1, https://www.newspapers.com/image/542425165/“Maria Barberi's Family Tree.” Chicago Tribune, Sat, Nov 21, 1896 Page 4, https://www.newspapers.com/image/349857733/The Philadelphia Times, Sun, Nov 22, 1896 Page 2, https://www.newspapers.com/image/53387436/“Ill-Fated Ancestors.” The Boston Globe, Tue, Nov 24, 1896 Page 2, https://newspapers.com/image/430775593/“Maria Barberi's Story.” The Boston Globe, Wed, Nov 25, 1896 Page 4, https://www.newspapers.com/image/430776058/“Barberi Testifies.” Carbondale Daily News, Thu, Nov 26, 1896 Page 1, https://www.newspapers.com/image/638800630/“Experts Give Testimony.” The Standard Union, Thu, Dec 03, 1896 Page 3, https://newspapers.com/image/542424980/“Maria Barberi is Free.” Chicago Tribune, Fri, Dec 11, 1896 Page 5, https://www.newspapers.com/image/349883737/“Maria Barberi's Acquittal.” The Brooklyn Daily Eagle, Fri, Dec 11, 1896 Page 6, https://www.newspapers.com/image/50337240/“Maria Barberi Not Guilty.” The Times, Fri, Dec 11, 1896 Page 3, https://www.newspapers.com/image/79799997/“Maria Barber Lost?” The Daily Times, Fri, Dec 18, 1896 Page 1, https://www.newspapers.com/image/13040409/“Heroic Maria Barberi.” Intelligencer Journal, Thu, Dec 31, 1896 Page 6, https://www.newspapers.com/image/557171839/“Maria Barbella Married.” The New York Times, Thu, Nov 04, 1897 Page 10, https://www.newspapers.com/image/20443000/“To Mrs. Foster's Memory.”The New York Times, Tue, Feb 25, 1902 Page 5, https://www.newspapers.com/image/20394619/ People of the State of New York v Maria Barberi (Trial #53), In collection Criminal Trial Transcripts of New York County Collection (1883-1927), July 8 1895 (created), January 2015 (digitized), Lloyd Sealy Library, https://dc.lib.jjay.cuny.edu/index.php/Detail/Object/Show/object_id/3802

Baseball Ballads by Grantland Rice audiobook. Grantland Rice, was a sports journalist with several newspapers, although his Sportlights column, in the New York Tribune was what brought him fame, and through it he helped popularize golf in the US, and to help the cause of American Professional Football. This book of poetry, is a tribute to baseball, the sport he played at Vanderbilt. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

The history of the printing industry in the United States was forever changed with the installation of a Linotype typesetting machine in June 1886 in the offices of the New York Tribune newspaper. Linotype produces lines of words as a single strip of metal, rather than hand setting type by individual letter. It streamlined the typesetting process making it faster to produce a page of type.

The Lawrence/Foster/Disbrow AffairEpisode 423 delves into a love triangle gone awry. When two sides of the triangle, including an expert swimmer and sailor, are found drowned dead in a Long Island bay, suspicion immediately falls upon the third, even though the coroner declares the whole thing an accident.Culled from the historic pages of The New York World, The Brooklyn Daily Eagle, The New York Tribune, and other newspapers of the era.Ad-Free EditionBecome a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/true-crime-historian--2909311/support.

Am Morgen des 15. Juni 1904 scheint die Sonne von einem nahezu wolkenlosen Himmel hinab auf die freudige Menge an Ausflüglern, die das Pier am New Yorker East River entlang auf den Schaufelraddampfer „General Slocum“ zu hält. Das hell gestrichene Schiff soll sie für ein Picknick nach Long Island bringen und so das Ende des Sonntagsschuljahres markieren. Dafür hat die Gemeinde der St. Mark's Lutheran Evangelical Church das Schiff gechartert. Doch nicht eine Stunde später würden die meisten der 1.358 Passagiere – vor allem Frauen und Kinder – tot sein und der Untergang der „General Slocum“ würde gemessen an den Opfern als größte zivile Schiffskatastrophe in den Vereinigten Staaten von Amerika in die Geschichtsbücher eingehen. In der neusten Folge von „Früher war mehr Verbrechen“ begeben sich Nina und Katharina an diesen schicksalshaften Tag und gehen auch der Frage nach, ob das Unglück zu verhindern gewesen wäre. // Quellen & Shownotes // - General-Anzeiger der Stadt Mannheim und Umgebung: badische neueste Nachrich-ten, Mittagsblatt, 16.06.1904, S.2, https://www.deutsche-digitale-biblio-thek.de/newspaper/item/DYCOKM754QRMWDCQJ7CIPGCAPU43ICXK?tx_dlf[highlight_word]=slocum&issuepage=2&query=slocum&fromDay=1&fromMonth=1&fromYear=1903&toDay=31&toMonth=12&toYear=1905&page=2&hit=9 - General-Anzeiger für Dortmund und die Provinz Westfalen, 17.06.1904, S.1, https://www.deutsche-digitale-biblio-thek.de/newspaper/item/QDJQPEDRI3FZYRB7RTPUDE6RVKFU2JLM?query=slocum&fromDay=1&fromMonth=1&fromYear=1903&toDay=31&toMonth=12&toYear=1905&page=2&hit=4&issuepage=1 - Houghtaling, T., Witness to Tragedy: The Sinking of the General Slocum, 24.02. 2016, New York Historical Society, https://www.nyhistory.org/blogs/witness-to-tragedy-the-sinking-of-the-general-slocum - King, G., A Spectacle of Horror – The Burning of the General Slocum, Smithsonian Magazine, https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/a-spectacle-of-horror-the-burning-of-the-general-slocum-104712974/, 21.02.2012 - Kreye, A., Das fatale Feuer auf der "General Slocum", Süddeutsche Zeitung Online, 15. Juni 2004, https://www.sueddeutsche.de/panorama/new-york-general-slocum-1.858611 - Library of Congress, Fotografien und Publikationen, https://www.loc.gov/search/?fa=subject:general+slocum+%28steamboat%29 - New-York Tribune, December 20, 1912, Page 7, https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83030214/1912-12-20/ed-1/seq-7/?date1=1911&index=17&date2=1913&language=&sequence=&lccn=&state=&rows=20&ortext=&proxtext=van+schaick&year=&phrasetext=&andtext=&proxValue=&dateFilterType=yearRange#words=%5Bu%27SCHAICK%27%2C%2520u%27VAN%27%5D - Northrop, H. D., New York's awful steamboat horror, Philadelphia 1904, https://www.loc.gov/item/04026220/ - O'Donnell, E. T., Little Germanys Untergang, Spiegel Online, 07.04.2006, https://www.spiegel.de/panorama/schiffstragoedie-in-new-york-little-germanys-untergang-a-410073.html - Ogilvie, J.S., History of the General Slocum Disaster, New York, 1904, https://tile.loc.gov/storage-services/public/gdcmassbookdig/historyofgeneral00ogil/historyofgeneral00ogil.pdf - Report of the United States Commission of Investigation upon the Disaster to the Steamer "General Slocum." https://www.dco.uscg.mil/Portals/9/DCO%20Documents/5p/CG-5PC/INV/docs/documents/Slocum.pdf - Westfälischer Merkur, 17.06.1904, S.3, https://www.deutsche-digitale-biblio-thek.de/newspaper/item/2TM7HUFMJCBL4CRWOL7DWNOR4KYUUVAW?query=slocum&fromDay=1&fromMonth=1&fromYear=1903&toDay=31&toMonth=12&toYear=1905&hit=19&issuepage=3 // Tickets zu unserer Lesung gibt's hier:// https://www.vhs-taufkirchen.de/kurssuche/kurs/Frueher-war-mehr-Verbrechen/241-2129 // Folgt uns auf Instagram // https://www.instagram.com/frueher.war.mehr.verbrechen/?hl=de // Karte mit allen „Früher war mehr Verbrechen“-Tatorten // https://bit.ly/2FFyWF6 // Mail //: https://linktr.ee/fwmv // Kaffeekasse //: https://ko-fi.com/fwmvpodcast GEMAfreie Musik von https://audiohub.de

When twenty-year-old Walter Brooks was found dead from a bullet to the head on Valentine's Day 1902, suspicion immediately fell on Brooks' nineteen-year-old sometimes-girlfriend, Florence Burns. The two were known to have a tumultuous relationship and had fought violently on the morning of his death, and there was considerable evidence indicating that Burns had been in the hotel room at the time of Brooks' murder. However, despite all the evidence indicating guilt, Florence Burns was never brought to trial for Brooks' murder or even formally charged with a crime, and Walter Brooks murder officially remains an unsolved case in New York.While the story of Walter Brooks and Florence Burns is relatively uncomplicated in terms of the crime around which the story is built, the story is a remarkable illustration of the ways in which things like class, gender, and technological advances can influence and even shape how the law is applied in the United States. Indeed, at the time of the murder, the nation was undergoing incredibly social and cultural changes as a result of dramatically expanded transportation and communication technology, giving rise to a youth culture the likes of which had never been seen in the nation prior. That youth culture and the rebelliousness it produced in many young wealthy Americans played a direct role, not only in Walter's life and death, but also in the socio-cultural perspectives and Victorian beliefs that allowed Florence to get away with murder.Thank you to the wondrous Dave White of Bring me the Axe Podcast & 99 Cent Rental for Research!ReferencesEvening World. 1902. "Denised she shot broker in hotel." Evening World, February 15: 1.Ferranti, Seth. 2019. The Affluenza Murder Case That Shocked America 100 Years Ago. March 15. Accessed December 11, 2023. https://www.vice.com/en/article/d3meyv/the-affluenza-murder-case-that-shocked-america-100-years-ago.McConnell, Virginia A. 2019. The Belle of Bedford Avenue: The Sensational Brooks-Burns Murder in Turn-of-the-Century New York. Kent, OH: The Kent State University Press.New York Times. 1902. "Brooks murder case ends." New York Times, May 21: 5.—. 1903. "Florence Burns on the stage." New York Times, February 15: 10.—. 1902. "Jerome on Burns case." New York Times, March 25: 7.—. 1902. "Man shot, girl arrested ." New York Times, February 16: 3.New York Tribune. 1910. "Florence Burns again in hands of police." New York Tribune, September 21: 1.See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

This week we're replaying some of our favorite feline-themed episodes. In this episode from October 2021, the story of a black and white cat from the streets of France became the first cat to go into space. She didn't choose to go, of course, but she's a pioneer just the same - and until a few years ago, a greatly underappreciated one. Plus: back in 1922, a girl in Illinois made it to school after being run over by a train?!?  ⁠Félicette, the First Feline in Space, Finally Got Her Due⁠ (How Stuff Works) ⁠Et si Félicette, le premier chat dans l'espace, avait bientôt sa statue ?⁠ (Le Parisien)   ⁠Today in 1922: a six year old in Illinois made it to school after being run over by a train (!!!!!!!)⁠ (New York Tribune via Twitter) ⁠Our Patreon backers are podcasting pioneers  --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/coolweirdawesome/message Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/coolweirdawesome/support

Patience Worth was a popular writer in the early 20th century. But she was a 17th-century ghost, using Pearl Curran as her conduit from spirit realm to printed page. Research: Braude, Stephen E. “Dissociation and Latent Abilities.” Journal of Trauma & Dissociation. June 2000. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/233449262_Dissociation_and_Latent_Abilities Cory, Charles. “Patience Worth.” Psychological Review. 1919. pp. 397-407. https://archive.org/details/psychologicalre01pratgoog/page/396/mode/2up Denny, Diana. “Written by Pearl Curran … Or Ouija Board?” Saturday Evening Post. Sept. 16, 2010. https://www.saturdayeveningpost.com/2010/09/written-pearl-curranor-ouija-board/ Diliberto, Gioia. “Patience Worth: Author From the Great Beyond.” Smithsonian. Sept. 2010. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/arts-culture/patience-worth-author-from-the-great-beyond-54333749/ Millard, Bailey. “Will she meet her astral guide?” Los Angeles Times. Jan. 16, 1938. https://www.newspapers.com/image/380740453/?terms=pearl%20curran&match=1 “Mrs. Pearl Curran, Known as ‘Patience Worth,” Dies.” St. Louis Post-Dispatch. Dec. 4, 1937. https://www.newspapers.com/image/139329811/ Prince, Walter Franklin. “The Case of Patience Worth.” Boston Society for Psychic Research. https://books.google.com/books?id=KUvOAAAAMAAJ&dq=I+am+molten+silver,+running.+Let+man+catch+me+within+his+cup.+Let+him+proceed+upon+his+labor,+Smithing+upon+me.+Let+him+with+cunning+smite+my+substance.+Let+him+at+his+dream,+Lending+my+stuff+unto+its+creation.+It+shall+be+no+less+me.&source=gbs_navlinks_s Ross, Isabel M. “Enduring Mystery of the Ouija Board reincarnation.” New York Tribune. November 23, 1919. https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/data/batches/dlc_davis_ver01/data/sn83030214/00206532452/1919112301/0761.pdf Simon, Ed. “Ghostwriter and Ghost.” The Public Domain Review. Sept. 17, 2014. https://publicdomainreview.org/essay/ghostwriter-and-ghost-the-strange-case-of-pearl-curran-patience-worth/ “The Women Helping to Boost.” Cherryvale Journal. January 28, 1910. https://www.newspapers.com/image/418556008/?terms=%22pearl%20curran%22&match=1 “State Aid By Women.” The St. Louis Star and Times. January 27, 1910. Https://www.newspapers.com/image/204738278/?terms=%22pearl%20curran%22&match=1 Yost, Casper S. “PATIENCE WORTH: A PSYCHIC MYSTERY.” New York. Henry Holt and Co. 1916. https://www.gutenberg.org/files/50810/50810-h/50810-h.htm Worth, Patience. “The Sorry Tale; a Story of the Time of Christ.” Henry Holt and Company. June 1917. https://archive.org/stream/sorrytaleastory01currgoog/sorrytaleastory01currgoog_djvu.txt Simon, Ed. “Darkness Made Visible: Eamonn Peters on Imagined Literature.” The Anthology of Babel, edited by Ed Simon, Punctum Books, 2020, pp. 365–88. JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.2307/jj.2353922.22 See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

**//Triggerwarnung// ** In dieser Folge werden Suizid, Vergewaltigung, Schwangerschaftsabbruch und Alkoholsucht angesprochen. Am Nachmittag des 28. Juli 1841 wird am Ufer des Hudson in Hoboken, New Jersey, die Leiche einer jungen Frau aus dem Wasser geborgen. Schnell wird sie als die 21-jährige Mary Cecilia Rogers identifiziert, eine junge Dame, die zu Lebzeiten bereits als „Das schöne Zigarrenmädchen“ Schlagzeilen gemacht hatte. Nun füllen sich die Zeitungen im ganzen Land mit Geschichten um ihren mysteriösen Tod – und inspirieren damit nicht nur Edgar Allan Poe, sondern auch die Entwicklung der Kriminalistik. Erfahrt in dieser Folge von „Früher war mehr Verbrechen“ mehr über das Leben und die Zeit der Mary Rogers, wie ihr niemals aufgeklärter Mord den Lauf der Geschichte beeinflusste und welche Rolle eine immer selbstbewusster werdende Presse dabei spielte. // Quellen & Shownotes // - Stashower, D.: The beautiful cigar girl. Mary Rogers, Edgar Allen Poe and the Invention of Murder, New York 2007 - Serratore, A.: Edgar Allen Poe Tried and Failed to Crack the Mysterious Murder Case of Mary Rogers; In: Smithsonian Magazine, Artikel vom 31. Oktober 2013; https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/edgar-allan-poe-tried-and-failed-to-crack-the-mysterious-murder-case-of-mary-rogers-7493607/ - Walton, G.: Mary Rogers: A Sensational 1841 Murder, Artikel vom 28. März 2022; https://www.geriwalton.com/mary-rogers-a-sensational-1841-murder/#_ftnref6 - New York Tribune; The Murder of Miss Rogers; Auf: History Hit, Artikel vom 17. August 1841; https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83030212/1841-08-17/ed-1/seq-1/ - The North Carolina Standard: The Case of Mary Rogers; Artikel vom 6. Oktober 1841; https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85042147/1841-10-06/ed-1/seq-2/ - New York Herald: The Mary C. Rogers Mystery – Examination of Mrs. Loss‘ boys yesterday at Jersey City; Artikel vom 20. November 1842; https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83030313/1842-11-20/ed-1/seq-2/#date1=1841&index=1&rows=20&words=Mary+Roger+Rogers&searchType=basic&sequence=0&state=&date2=1842&proxtext=Mary+Rogers&y=16&x=11&dateFilterType=yearRange&page=1 - Port-Gibson Herald: Speaking of Mary Rogers, the unfortunate „Cigar Girl“; Artikel vom 8. Dezember 1842; https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83030313/1842-11-20/ed-1/seq-2/#date1=1841&index=1&rows=20&words=Mary+Roger+Rogers&searchType=basic&sequence=0&state=&date2=1842&proxtext=Mary+Rogers&y=16&x=11&dateFilterType=yearRange&page=1 - Distorted History Podcast: The Murder of Mary Rogers Part I, Podcast Episode vom 4. Oktober 2020; https://open.spotify.com/episode/0UAzniiuVxNjsyCzBdTe28 - Distorted History Podcast: The Murder of Mary Rogers Part II, Podcast Episode vom 18. Oktober 2020; https://open.spotify.com/episode/39dSScvVwkXPszVNLvqhqJ //Tickets und weitere Infos zur Lesung am 30.09.2023 in Brühl gibt's hier// https://www.literatur-rheinland.de/veranstaltungen/2023-09-30-crimetime-frueher-war-mehr-verbrechen-exklusive-historische // Folgt uns auf Instagram // https://www.instagram.com/frueher.war.mehr.verbrechen/?hl=de // Karte mit allen „Früher war mehr Verbrechen“-Tatorten // https://bit.ly/2FFyWF6 // Mail //: https://linktr.ee/fwmv // Kaffeekasse //: https://ko-fi.com/fwmvpodcast GEMAfreie Musik von https://audiohub.de

Sumarið 1874 stóð mikið til í Reykjavík og nágrenni. Haldin var þjóðhátíð til að minnast 1000 ára afmælis Íslands byggðar. Bayard Taylor, bandarískt skáld og ferðabókahöfundur, kom til Íslands þetta ár á vegum bandaríska blaðsins New York Tribune, til að fylgjast með hátíðahöldunum. Hann kom til landsins frá Egyptalandi og skrifaði bók um dvöl sína þar og í sömu bók segir hann frá dvölinni á Íslandi. Umsjónarmaður les frásögn hans. Umsjón: Illugi Jökulsson.

Sumarið 1874 stóð mikið til í Reykjavík og nágrenni. Haldin var þjóðhátíð til að minnast 1000 ára afmælis Íslands byggðar. Bayard Taylor, bandarískt skáld og ferðabókahöfundur, kom til Íslands þetta ár á vegum bandaríska blaðsins New York Tribune, til að fylgjast með hátíðahöldunum. Hann kom til landsins frá Egyptalandi og skrifaði bók um dvöl sína þar og í sömu bók segir hann frá dvölinni á Íslandi. Umsjónarmaður les frásögn hans. Umsjón: Illugi Jökulsson.

In this director's cut episode, Mina taps into celeb "courtcore" aka the way that celebrities dress when appearing in the judicial court. In this special episode, she also dives further into history, starting with Joan of Arc and ending with contemporary films and the way characters are costumed for trial (e.g. Legally Blonde). Keep up with High Brow on Instagram! Subscribe to the Patreon! and keep up with Mina on Youtube, Instagram, and Tiktok! Clothing | Joan of Arc | Jeanne-darc.info Primary Sources and Context Concerning Joan of Arc's Male Clothing Joan of Arc: A Life Transfigured by Kathryn Harrison Mary Queen of Scots by Antonia Fraser The Misgendering of Joan of Arc Mary, Queen of Scots, Became an Iconic Figure for Many Catholics Over the Centuries, Scholar Says Fatty Arbuckle and the Birth of the Celebrity Scandal | The New Yorker “Fatty's Wife's Smiles Lighten Grim Tragedy,” The Washington Times (1921) “Women Throng First Hearing of Arbuckle Case,” The New York Tribune (1921) What America will remember from Gwyneth Paltrow's ski crash trial - The Washington Post Courtroom Style: Gwyneth Paltrow, Winona Ryder, Lindsay Lohan and more's iconic outfits while on trial The most iconic celebrity courtroom outfits The Verdict on Winona's Clothes - The Washington Post Why Did She Do It? - TIME Naomi Campbell Shows the World How to Dress for Court Lindsay Lohan wears fancy pants to court. Who decides her attire? | EW.com In Court, Johnny Depp and Amber Heard Dress to Suggest - The New York Times Experts Decode Amber Heard's Suited Courtroom Looks Amber Heard accused of COPYING Johnny Depp's courtroom outfits: see similarities between ensembles | Daily Mail Online free" Winona From Faux Pas to Fashion Statement - Los Angeles Times https://www.facebook.com/wmagazine/photos/a.10166595114335004/10166627967380004/?type=3 Lindsay Lohan's 'F-You' a Joke, Says Lawyer...Then Quits | LAist Did Lindsay Lohan Write 'F*** U' on Her Fingernail for Her Probation Hearing? Cardi B Is Guilty... of the Best-Ever Celebrity Court Fashion Megan Thee Stallion sent a powerful message with the purple suit she wore to testify against Tory Lanez -- who's found guilty of shooting her, more courtroom fashion over the years | Gallery | Wonderwall.com How Should Gwyneth Paltrow Dress for Court? Our celebrity trial obsession sets a dangerous precedent American Trial Films and the Popular Culture of Law Case Study 4: Chicago (2002) – The Femme Fatale and the Distortion of Female Criminality Legally Blonde Fashion: Costume Designer Sophie de Rakoff on Elle's 'Signature Color' | EW.com Legally Blonde, Legally Fashionable: The Evolution of Elle Woods - The Art of Costume My Favourite Outfits In Legally Blonde – The Vault Publication Written by Mina Le, Ella Gray, and Sophie Carter Edited by Sophie Carter Music by Olivia Martinez Cover by Lindsay Mintz 

Todays show, we will look back at a fascinating epoch in our US history and specifically at the election of 1844 with the help of the great David Walker Howe and his excellent tome, What Hath God Wrought: The Transformation of America, 1815 - 1848Key Points from the Episode:The candidates themselves The importance of the pivotal election of 1844 and the many shenanigans in New York and Michigan with 3rd party votes The very influential newspaper editor of the Whig rag, The New York Tribune,   Horace Greeley and his comments years later looking back on the election of 1844Other resources: More goodnessGet our top book recommendations listWant to leave a review? Click here, and if we earned a five-star review from you **high five and knuckle bumps**, we appreciate it greatly, thank you so much!Because we care what you think about what we think and our website, please email David@teammojoacademy.com, or if you want to leave us a quick FREE, painless voicemail, we would appreciate that as well.Be sure to check out our very affordable Academy Review membership program at http:www.teammojoacademy.com/support

Francis Marion Crawford was an American author and journalist who lived from 1854 to 1909. He was born in Bagni di Lucca, Italy, to a family of art connoisseurs and spent much of his childhood traveling throughout Europe. Crawford attended Harvard University for a year before leaving to pursue a career in writing.Crawford began his writing career as a journalist, working for several newspapers and magazines such as the New York Tribune and the Boston Evening Transcript. He wrote travel books and essays about his experiences living in Italy, and these early works were well received.In 1882, Crawford published his first novel, "Mr. Isaacs," which was a critical and commercial success. He went on to write over 40 novels, as well as numerous short stories, essays, and plays. Many of his works were set in Italy and drew on his experiences living there, including some of his best-known novels such as "Saracinesca," "Sant' Ilario," and "Casa Braccio."Aside from his success as a writer, Crawford was also descended from a long line of artists and writers. His grandfather, William Crawford, was an American portrait painter, and his great-grandfather, Gilbert Stuart, painted George Washington's portrait. Crawford's father, Thomas Crawford, was a successful sculptor who created several prominent public sculptures in the United States, including the statue of Freedom on top of the U.S. Capitol building in Washington, D.C.Crawford's novels explored complex themes such as love, betrayal, and social class, and his characters often struggled with their own personal demons, making them relatable to readers across time and place. Crawford was considered one of the leading writers of his day and was a member of the American Academy of Arts and Letters. He was awarded several honorary degrees from universities in the United States and Europe.Despite his success, Crawford was known for his private nature and his avoidance of public appearances. He was married twice and had four children. Crawford died in Sorrento, Italy, on April 9, 1909, at the age of 54. His works continue to be read and enjoyed today for their vivid depictions of Italian society, their engaging characters, and their ability to transport readers to other times and places.The Upper Berth"The Upper Berth" is a horror story by F. Marion Crawford, first published in 1886. One of the strengths of "The Upper Berth" is Crawford's ability to create a suspenseful and eerie atmosphere. He builds tension throughout the story, gradually revealing more and more about the strange happenings in Brisbane's cabin. The descriptions of the creaking ship, the eerie silence of the night, and the mysterious noises from the upper berth all add to the story's creepy atmosphere.However, one of the flaws of "The Upper Berth" is its reliance on clichés and stereotypes. The story includes many of the standard tropes of horror stories, such as the lone traveler in a strange place, the creepy sounds in the night, and the mysterious disappearance of previous passengers. Additionally, the story relies on stereotypes of sailors as rough and superstitious, which can be off-putting to modern readers.Overall, "The Upper Berth" is a well-written horror story that effectively creates a sense of suspense and unease. While it may rely on some clichés and stereotypes, it remains a classic example of the genre and is worth readiNew Patreon RequestBuzzsprout - Let's get your podcast launched! Start for FREESupport the showVisit us here: www.ghostpod.orgBuy me a coffee if you're glad I do this: https://ko-fi.com/tonywalkerIf you really want to help me, become a Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/barcudMusic by The Heartwood Institute: https://bit.ly/somecomeback

This week's headline, "Straw Hat Smashing Orgy Bares Heads From Battery to Bronx",comes from New York Tribune on Saturday, September, 16, 1922See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

Disciple Up # 298 Dishonest Christian Publishers By Louie Marsh   Links used during this Podcast   https://estephenburnett.lorehaven.com/pssst-christian-endorsers-of-bad-books-may-not-have-even-read-them/   https://www.christianitytoday.com/ct/2023/march-web-only/christian-publishers-book-endorsements-authors-tgc-butler.html   https://archive.thinkprogress.org/meet-donald-trumps-new-evangelical-advisory-board-6a5bfc5460d7/   Excerpts from CT article:   The Problem with Christian Book Endorsements Publishers and authors have played along by pushing celebrity blurbs—but it's time to rewrite the rules of promotion. KATELYN BEAT   As an editor at a Christian publisher, I review multiple book proposals each week. Authors pitching a new project will share a table of contents, a sample of their writing, their bio, statistics about their platform, and—always—a list of confirmed or potential endorsers.   It's a strange detail, since most trade nonfiction books aren't already written when the author goes under contract with a publisher. This means that endorsers have agreed to endorse something that doesn't exist.   Authors and agents are simply playing the rules that publishers set, and in Christian publishing—as with all book publishing—it's about who you know.   Many authors hate seeking endorsements; it feels self-promotional and vulnerable. But endorsements are simply part of the deal, going back to at least 1856, when Walt Whitman had Ralph Waldo Emerson's letter praising Leaves of Grass published in the New-York Tribune prior to the book's second edition.   It's a risky thing to do—especially when an endorser hasn't read the book.   Last week, The Gospel Coalition published, then unpublished, an excerpt from the forthcoming book Beautiful Union: How God's Vision for Sex Points Us to the Good, Unlocks the True, and (Sort of) Explains Everything. Readers criticized the author, Joshua Ryan Butler, saying he misconstrued the marriage metaphor in Ephesians 5, making it pornographic, male-centric, and ripe for abuse.   As criticisms mounted, ministry leader Dennae Pierre and pastor Rich Villodas publicly retracted their book endorsements. Pierre said she had written hers “based on training Josh had done for local pastors” and had done a “quick skim” of the book. Villodas said a mutual friend had invited him to endorse the book: “I agreed to the favor, but in poor judgment, read only 25-30% of it.”   It was good for Pierre and Villodas to admit they hadn't fully read a book that will feature their names, at least on the first printing. Their retractions are a wake-up call for book buyers: Endorsements aren't always about quality of writing or theological soundness. In practice, they aren't even always an honest assessment of someone else's work.   Rather, in an age fixated on platform, endorsements are about establishing the market appeal of an author based on their connections to famous people. As such, endorsements are usually driven by celebrity, mutual back-scratching, and power consolidated through loose social, professional, and ministry networks. There's a reason that endorsements come through the marketing team (not editorial): Endorsements are marketing tools, not editorial reviews.   Of course, many endorsers offer blurbs for good reasons. They want to support friends and acquaintances. In a market where sales often boil down to platform, many famous people want to share the spotlight, or shine it on emerging voices. Plus, a Christian culture of niceness—and the blurring of lines between friendship and commerce—make it hard to say no to endorsement requests. (Note that Villodas said he agreed to a “favor.”) After all, whoever blurbs sparingly will also be blurbed sparingly, for God loves a cheerful blurber.   I consider it a red flag that some faith-based publishers will write an endorsement for a celebrity who doesn't have time to write it themselves. Let me repeat that: A publishing team member, coveting a celebrity's name on a forthcoming title, will contact them or their team and say, “We know you're very busy because you're very important and clearly called to do big things for God, so you probably won't have time to read this book. But we would be so honored to have your support. Might you say something like this? [fill in endorsement].” Then the celebrity or their assistant signs off on the wording or tweaks it before it appears on the book.   Imagine if the blurb appeared as it was written:   Timely and compelling message! —Famous Pastor —Marketing Intern   It doesn't have the same ring, but at least it's honest.   Likewise, it's mostly up to blurbers to be honest about their blurbs. Personally, I would love to see more blurbs that include praise and critique; one needn't agree with every detail in a book to commend it as worth reading.   It would be unorthodox, from an industry view, for faith-based publishers to drop endorsements on principle of resisting celebrity. But it could also honor the central task to which Christian publishers are called: to edify Christian readers and deepen the faith of everyday believers, not to serve as an avenue for aspiring leaders to boost each other's careers.   Christian publishers have been implicated in scandals around ghostwriting, plagiarism, and extending the platforms of unhealthy and abusive leaders. If they are also asking endorsers to essentially lie to book buyers, we have deep problems to attend to.   Katelyn Beaty is editorial director of Brazos Press, a division of Baker Publishing Group. She is the author of Celebrities for Jesus: How Personas, Platforms, and Profits Are Hurting the Church.   ANOTHER ARTICLE:   At The Gospel Coalition, Joe Carter summarized who said what:   On Tuesday, several evangelical leaders drew criticism for promoting the newest book of Paula White, a prosperity gospel preacher who has repeatedly been accused of teaching heretical doctrines. Franklin Graham, president of Samaritan's Purse and the Billy Graham Evangelistic Association, said “you might want to check it out.” Robert Jeffress, pastor of First Baptist Dallas, said to “give it to anyone looking for hope!” Jack Graham, pastor of Prestonwood Baptist Church in Plano, Texas, declared, “It is powerful. I highly recommend it!” And Jerry Falwell Jr., president of Liberty University, added, “Paula's life is an encouragement to so many and I'm sure this book will encourage you.” (It's unclear whether these men have actually read the book or if they support White's teachings.)   Since then, several of those endorsers have removed their original tweets, such as Franklin Graham's.   But here's one annoying secret about book endorsements: Sometimes the endorser has not even read the book being endorsed.   This apparently open “secret” leaked some time ago, thanks in part to author Randy Alcorn. In this article, he wrote:   I'm often asked to endorse an entire book based on one chapter, and several times I've been sent an-already written endorsement and asked if I would agree to have my name attached to it! Personally, I don't think this is ethical. I've also been told by several Christian leaders they would be glad to endorse my book, and they were having a staff person read it and give me the endorsement under the leader's name. I've had to explain I don't believe in ghost-written endorsements, so no need to send me one because I couldn't use it. That's an awkward situation for everybody.   This is one of several objections Alcorn shared about “acceptable” practices in Christian publishing. He also critiques ghostwriting and other practices, such as paid celebrity endorsements for nonprofit groups. Alcorn calls these “the scandal of evangelical dishonesty.”1   Earlier this week, I shared some of this info (along with a little speculation about one old, and since removed, celebrity endorsement of another book). Since then, blogger Julie Roys confirmed that, indeed, one endorser had not actually read Paula White-Cain's book:   . . . When pressed about whether he's certain that there's nothing in White's book that supports prosperity gospel, Jeffress said: “My schedule is so busy, I can't read every book word for word. But what I did see was really her autobiographical account of her past and how God redeemed her life.”   . . . Yet when I asked Jeffress if he's sure that White's theology is orthodox, and that she is not a proponent of the prosperity gospel, Jeffress said, “All I can say is she claims not to be.” I asked Jeffress whether he's investigated what White teaches for himself and he answered, “No, no . . . I'm too busy in my own ministry to launch an investigation.”   Sure, perhaps Christian leaders really are very busy. Perhaps they haven't time to investigate another Christian leader, who has been reputably charged with promoting heresy. But in that case, perhaps you should—at minimum!—avoid endorsing the person's book? Especially if you haven't even read it? And even if you and the professing-Christian author share the same political fandoms?  

Due to being away, please enjoy this episode taken from the, 'Even Weirder' series on patreon. This is a monthly bonus episode series, available for both tiers. Soup-thick fog and the Bermuda Triangle make for some weird on-the-water encounters. This month, I cover the weird encounter the former packet ship, being the Ellen Austin, encountered while sailing from Liverpool to New York. What do you think happened - was it a curse, or something else? Tune in and be the judge. Need a distraction? I got you.  Listener discretion is advised. Shout out to Patrons Tom, Bailey, Angela, Jon, Alicia, Lynn, Shadow, Courtney, Cheryl, Susan, & Jennifer! Thank you for supporting Weird Distractions on Patreon. You can also support the show on Patreon and get monthly bonus episodes, behind the scenes footage, and more - www.patreon.com/weirddistractionspodcast  If you want to provide feedback or even your own weird story to be read on air in an upcoming Listener Distractions episode - please email: weirddistractionspodcast@outlook.com. If you're listening on Apple Podcasts, please consider rating & reviewing. It's the best way to support the show (for free)!Thanks for listening! Weird Distractions is a proud member of the Cultiv8 network: https://www.patreon.com/cultiv8podcastnetwork/  Resources: Mysterious Universe website - “The Outlandish Encounter of the Ellen Austin” - by Brent Swancer - September 28th, 2019 - https://mysteriousuniverse.org/2019/09/the-outlandish-encounter-of-the-ellen-austin/ New York Tribune article - “Brutality at Sea” - 19 Feb 1857 - https://www.newspapers.com/image/78131622/ To Contrive and Jive website - “The Ellen Austin Encounter" - by Ally - July 4th, 2021 - https://tocontriveandjive.wordpress.com/2021/07/04/the-ellen-austin-encounter/ Skeptoid Podcast website - “The Mystery of the Ellen Austin” - by Brian Dunning - October 29th, 2019 - https://skeptoid.com/episodes/4699?gclid=CjwKCAjw7eSZBhB8EiwA60kCW6TiOUX3v8HD0j8doHsMysLjmdwoNDe5TKaYAgzWOOASQB70Gn0IzBoCxjwQAvD_BwE Wine & Crime Podcast - “Ep263 Bermuda Triangle Mysteries” - March 31, 2022 - https://wineandcrimepodcast.com/show_episodes/ep263-bermuda-triangle-mysteries/ Apeejay News article - “Mystery of the Bermuda Triangle: Ellen Austin” - By Ekachit Khullar - August 31st, 2022 - https://apeejay.news/mystery-of-the-bermuda-triangle-ellen-austin/ The New York Times article - “The Ship Ellen Austin” - July 24th, 1860 - https://www.nytimes.com/1860/07/24/archives/the-ship-ellen-austin.html Sometimes Interesting website - “The Ellen Austin Encounter” - https://sometimes-interesting.com/the-ellen-austin-encounter/ Wikipedia - Packet Boat - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Packet_boat Ocean Service website - What is the Sargasso Sea? https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/sargassosea.html Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

It was heaven on earth—and, some whispered, the devil's garden.Thousands came by trains and carriages to see this new Eden, carved from hundreds of acres of wild woodland. They marveled at orchards bursting with fruit, thick herds of Ayrshire cattle and Cotswold sheep, and whizzing mills. They gaped at the people who lived in this place—especially the women, with their queer cropped hair and shamelessly short skirts. The men and women of this strange outpost worked and slept together—without sin, they claimed.From 1848 to 1881, a small utopian colony in upstate New York—the Oneida Community—was known for its shocking sexual practices, from open marriage and free love to the sexual training of young boys by older women. And in 1881, a one-time member of the Oneida Community—Charles Julius Guiteau—assassinated President James Garfield in a brutal crime that shook America to its core.An Assassin in Utopia is the first book that weaves together these explosive stories in a tale of utopian experiments, political machinations, and murder. This deeply researched narrative—by bestselling author Susan Wels—tells the true, interlocking stories of the Oneida Community and its radical founder, John Humphrey Noyes; his idol, the eccentric newspaper publisher Horace Greeley (founder of the New Yorker and the New York Tribune); and the gloomy, indecisive President James Garfield—who was assassinated after his first six months in office.Juxtaposed to their stories is the odd tale of Garfield's assassin, the demented Charles Julius Guiteau, who was connected to all of them in extraordinary, surprising ways.Against a vivid backdrop of ambition, hucksterism, epidemics, and spectacle, the book's interwoven stories fuse together in the climactic murder of President Garfield in 1881—at the same time as the Oneida Community collapsed.Colorful and compelling, An Assassin in Utopia is a page-turning odyssey through America's nineteenth-century cultural and political landscape. Support this show http://supporter.acast.com/houseofmysteryradio. Become a member at https://plus.acast.com/s/houseofmysteryradio. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

In 1890 the Danish-American journalist Jacob Riis turned his eye-opening reporting and lecture series into a ground-breaking book called How The Other Half Lives, a best seller which awoke Americans to the plight of the poor and laid the groundwork for the Progressive Era.Riis exposed more than a humanitarian crisis. He laid bare the city's complacent Gilded Age divide in revolutionary ways, most notably with the use of a new tool -- documentary photography.For our 400th episode, following our tradition of exploring the legacies of urban planners in past centennial shows (#100 Robert Moses, #200 Jane Jacobs, #300 Andrew Haswell Green), we finally look at the life of the crusading police reporter and social reformer who forced upper and middle class New Yorker to examine the living conditions within the city's poorest neighborhoods.Riis was himself an immigrant who spent his first years in the United States drifting from place to place, living on the street, his only companion a faithful dog. Journalism quite literally saved Riis, providing him with both a stable living and a purpose, especially after he became a police reporter for the New York Tribune in 1877.But it was his fascination with visual media -- magic lantern shows and later flash photography -- which set him apart from other crusading writers of the period like Nellie Bly (who we only wish had a camera with her!)Jacob Riis' culminating work How The Other Half Lives made him one of America's most famous writers -- his friend Theodore Roosevelt called Riss "the model American citizen" -- but the book has an imperfect legacy today, with Riis' broad characterizations of the people he was writing about undercutting the book's noble purposes.PLUS: The legacy of Riis lives in a very popular Queens beach. And Robert Moses chimes in!Visit the website for more informationFURTHER READINGThe Battle with the Slum / Jacob RiisThe Children of the Poor / Jacob RiisHow The Other Half Lives / Jacob RiisThe Making Of An American / Jacob RiisThe Other Half: The Life of Jacob Riis and the World of Immigrant America / Tom Buk-SwientyJacob A. Riis and the American City / James B. LaneJacob Riis: Reporter and Reformer / Janet B. PascalRediscovering Jacob Riis: Exposure Journalism and Photography in Turn-of-the-Century New York / Bonnie Yochelson and Daniel CzitromAfter listening to this show, check out these past Bowery Boys episodes with similar themes:-- The First Ambulance-- Has Jack the Ripper Come to Town?-- Case Files of the New York Police Department 1800-1915-- Women of the Progressive EraStories from this website:"The original IMAX: Jacob Riis and His Magic Lantern""The harsh lives of New York City street kids, captured — in a flash — by Jacob Riis""Jacob Riis' Not-so-Rockin' ‘Sane' New Years Celebration""The legendary police headquarters at 300 Mulberry Street""Finding Pietro"   

Last time we spoke the reluctant Lord Elgin took up the job as the new emissary to China. Alongside his french counterpart Baron Gross, both men would overlook their military coalitions expedition in China to force the Qing emperor to abide by their treaty and some new demands. They began with a bombardment and occupation of the grand city of Canton and then Ye Mingchen was hunted down and arrested. Ye was replaced with a puppet named Pih-Kwei who would be nominally controlled by the European forces. Now the coalition would fight their way to Beijing to force an audience with Emperor Xianfeng, but something lied in their way, the famous Taku forts at the mouth of the Bei He River. Could the coalition fight past these legendary forts and strangle Beijing  enough to get their demands met?   Welcome to the Fall and Rise of China Podcast, I am your dutiful host Craig Watson. But, before we start I want to also remind you this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Perhaps you want to learn more about the history of Asia? Kings and Generals have an assortment of episodes on history of asia and much more  so go give them a look over on Youtube. So please subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry for some more history related content, over on my channel, the Pacific War Channel where I cover the history of China and Japan from the 19th century until the end of the Pacific War. #21 This episode is Part 3 of the Second Opium War: battles for the Taku Forts At high tide the Taku Forts were surrounded by water, the Bei He River became something like a natural moat. The entrance to the Bei He River was 200 yards in width, forcing the British and French warships into a bottleneck gauntlet with each shore holding 137 pieces of antiquated artillery. When the invaders arrived, the Qing forces quickly went to work creating earthwork walls with sandbags to bolster the defenses. The Qing forces presumed the European gunboats hulls were too deep and thus they would not risk entering the river until it was very high tide to avoid going aground. That presumption was a grave error as Seymour and Rigault were willing to risk it and mounted a surprise attack at 10am on May 20th. Elgin made one last ditch effort to get Tan to surrender peacefully, but Tan did not even bother to respond to Elgins message. Now in a similar fashion to the first opium war, as you might remember a large problem for the Qing was their outdated artillery. Their cannons were usually immobile, unable to aim at all degrees and angles. The Taku Fort cannons were aimed in such a way to hit warships at high tide, but the British-French force was going to attack during low tide. Alongside the Taku Forts cannons another defensive obstacle was a 7 inch thick boom made out of bamboo. The Europeans opened fire unleashed pure hell upon the forts and when the forts unleashed their own volley, literally all of their shots went over the European masts. To add insult to injury, the British sacrificed one of their ships, the Coromandel to ram into the boom which broke with ease. The Coromandal received a nasty gash in her hull, but the job had been done. As pieces of the boom floated away, the rest of the European armada began to steam through the gap while the Qing helplessly fired their cannons straight over their masts. The French ships Mitraille and Fusee alongside the British Cormorant fired upon 2 of the Taku Forts on the left bank while the French Avalance, Dragonne and British Nimrod fired upon the 3 forts on the right. The Chinese manning Gingalls had much better luck than the cannons, though it also came at the price of making the Europeans laugh watching men fall over from firing each shot. However not all was funny as Gingalls could be properly aimed unlike the cannons and managed to kill 5 British and 6 French while wounding another 61. Then tragedy happened when a gunpowder cache in one of the Taku forts accidentally exploded killing 100 Chinese. Alongside the invaders maelstrom of gunfire and the defenders despair at the futility of their cannons many began to panic. Even before many of the British and French forces began to land ashore, countless Qing forces were deserting the earthen parapet en masse. In desperation seeing his men flee, the Qing commander launched 50 fireboats stuffed with straw at the barbarian ships, only to see the fireships crash into the bank at the bend in the river. Not a single fireship was able to cause damage to the invaders. With the last ditch effort a complete failure, the commander of the Taku Forts went to the Temple of the Sea God and slashed his jugular vein with his sword killing himself.  The Viceroy of Zhili province was banished to the desolate border territory with Russia in the north. As he packed his bags, Emperor Xianfeng condemned the Viceroy's mismanagement of the Taku Fort defense as being “without plan or resource”. Elgin after witnessing the victory over the Taku Forts had a really interesting thing to say “Twenty-four determined men with revolvers, and a sufficient number of cartridges, might walk through China from one end to another.”  Back home in Britain Elgin was being praised and was rewarded likewise with carte blanche for all further military actions and negotiations. The new Prime Minister, Lord Derby, haha looks like those grand speeches worked out for him, well he sent Elgin a congratulatory dispatch “giving me latitude to do anything I choose, if only I will finish the affair.” The very same man who condemned British imperialism the year prior was now a warhawk. Lord Malmesbury became the new foreign minister replacing Lord Clarendon. Back in China, the European gunboats made their way up the Bei He River triumphantly towards the next Qing stronghold, Tianjin. Tianjin was around 30 miles away from Beijing. The 3 Plenipotentiaries stayed further behind at the Taku Forts for their own safety as Seymour and Rigault took the lead. As they steamed up the Bei He River, both the Fusee and Cormorant ran aground numerous time, but the Europeans found some very unlikely allies to help, the local Chinese. Turns out a lot of the populace absolutely hated their Manchu overlords and volunteered their tugboats free of charge to help the Europeans. Apparently when the Europeans tried to pay them many refused if it is to be believed.  On June 4th the European armada arrived at Tianjin without any resistance along the way. The Qing defenders at Tianjin morale was so low they were at the point of surrender. There was also a rumor spreading around that Emperor Xianfeng had been overthrown and replaced by a new dynasty who was willing to simply sign a new treaty with the Europeans. Seymour and Rigault advised Elgin he should stay at the Taku Forts for security, but he disregarded this and came up to the war party on May 26th. Elgin wrote in his diary as he made his way up the river. “Through the night watches, when no Chinaman moves, when the junks cast anchor, we laboured on, cutting ruthlessly and recklessly through that glancing and startled river which, until the last few weeks, no stranger keel had ever furrowed. Whose work are we engaged in, when we burst thus with hideous violence and brutal energy into these darkest and most mysterious recesses of the traditions of the past? I wish I could answer that question in a manner satisfactory to myself. At the same time there is certainly not much to regret in the old civilisation which we are thus scattering to the winds. A dense population, timorous and pauperised, such would seem to be its chief product. “ The Plenipotentiaries were quite surprised when they were met outside Tianjin by a detachment of local Qing officials and merchants who came looking for opium. Yes these were those types of middle men folks who were used to bribes and the lucrative business of moving opium. Despite the rumors, Emperor Xianfeng had not been overthrown, but he was willing to negotiate with the Europeans. Emperor Xianfeng sent commissioners to Tianjin in the hope of stopping the European advance to Beijing. Meanwhile with Tianjin not putting up a fight, Elgin wrote in his diary “[I have] complete military command of the capital of China, without having broken off relations with the neutral powers, and without having interrupted, for a single day, our trade at the different ports of the Empire.” The Europeans were treated with the utmost respect and the lavish temple known as the Supreme Felicity was used as headquarters for the Europeans. The Europeans transformed the temple by creating a bowling alley, they used its myriad of altars for washbasins and placed vanity mirrors in front of statues of the gods. This cultural vandalized would be an appetizer for events in the future. Two emissaries were sent by Emperor Xianfeng, both were commissioners, the first was the 74 year old Guiliang, a senior military officer. The other was a 53 year old Mongolian military officer. They met with the Europeans at the Temple of Oceanic Influences southwest of Tianjin. Elgin arrived on June 4th alongside 50 Royal marines and a band from the warship Calcutta to add some muscle.  The first meeting went…terribly. The commissioners had the authority to negotiate, but lacked carte blanche to finalize any deal. Elgin stormed out of the first meeting, completely blowing off this lavish buffet the Qing had set for the party to celebrate the new peace treaty. Elgin was well known to be courtes, but after spending 6 months in China had quickly learnt the only way to get Qing officials to act was to show some bravado. Elgin even wrote to his wife at the time “I have made up my mind, disgusting as the part is to me, to act the role of the ‘uncontrollably fierce barbarian.'” As Elgin stomped his feet walking off he made a threat that he would soon march upon Beijing, even though in truth the Europeans did not have the land forces to do so. Elgin left his brother to continue negotiations, Lord Frederick Bruce. One of Fredericks interpreters, Horatio Lay decided it was a good idea to use some Sturm und Drang and began to literally scream at the Qing commissioners whenever they talked about clauses in the new treaty. Lay even threatened to lay waste to Beijing and would slap the Emperor himself, this guy had some balls. Lay's abuse of the two commissioners became so bad, the men went around his head to speak to Putiatin and the American envoy William Reed. Reed sent a letter to Elgin asking him to help rein in the tyrannical Lay, but Elgin ignored the letter, wow. Putiatin asked Gros whom he knew had grown very close to Elgin, to intercede, but Gros declined to do so as he feared it would alienate his friendship to Elgin. The Qing then resorted to bribery, they tried to give Lay a horse, but Lay did not change his aggressive stance.  The negotiations were taking very long, it was the typical Chinese strategy of procrastination. Elgin was becoming livid and wrote in his diary about Reed and Putiatin “These sneaking scoundrels do what they can to thwart me and then while affecting to support the Chinese act as their own worst enemies.” Elgin also felt British parliament had failed to back him up. Elgin received a letter from the new Foriegn minister Lord Malmesbury on April the 9th, berating him for not concluding the peace treaty in due time. “A Cabinet has been held today and it is our anxious wish to see this Chinese business settled if it can be done without loss of honour and commercial interests as at present enjoyed. Our reputation is sufficiently vindicated at Canton and we do not look at the chance of a war with the Chinese Empire without much apprehension. I trust therefore that you will not engage us in a contest of this sort if you can possibly avoid it.” The negotiations over the terms of the new treaty stretched for 3 weeks and the Qing were rejecting two clauses the British absolutely wanted: free passage throughout China and for a permanent British and French embassy at the Qing imperial court. The two commissioners stated that accepting either of these would cost the men their lives. Gros and Putiatin began arguing that the permanent embassy point was not critical as long as their ministers had access to Beijing in some form. After much arguing the commissioners conceded to the two points and thus the Treaty of Tianjin was formed. The Europeans made sure to add a clause they henceforth they would no longer be called barbarians in official communications and treaties, though it should be noted the term used by the Chinese literally just meant “those who don't speak Chinese”.  The Treaty of Tianjin opened new ports for trade: Tianjin, Hangzhou and Nanjing. It should be noted the Qing were all too happy to toss Nanjing into the treaty as the Taiping were occupying it as their own capital. Perhaps if they were lucky, the Europeans would go to Nanjing, run into some trouble and attack the Taiping for them! Baron Gros raised concerns over the clauses as he argued Britain would have to bear even more military might to enforce the treaty. As Gros pointed out to Elgin, the Confucious principle, a promise made under duress does not need to be kept. Another item on the treaty clauses was the payment of 2 million taels of silver to Britain for the damage to their factories at Canton and another 2 million in general reparation. The French were to receive 2 million taels as well. Now the warnings Gros made concerned Elgin and he was having second thoughts. One major concern was the idea of extracting he enormous sums of money from what seemed to be an Empire on the verge of Bankruptcy. Elgin wrote back to the foreign minister, concerned that extracting the large sums of money would lead to the toppling of the Manchu rule “Everything we saw around us indicated the penury of the Treasury. To despair, by putting forward pecuniary claims which it could satisfy only by measures that would increase its unpopularity and extend the area of rebellion.” Elgin ended by saying the humiliating treaty would be a large beacon for the Taiping Rebels. William Reed recommended legalizing opium as a clause, arguing the tax revenue from it would benefit the Qing Empire. The British wanted a tariff of only 30 taels and the Cohong merchants supported this. Jardine & Matheson & co released a statement “The use of opium is not a curse, but a comfort and benefit to the hard-working Chinese.” Boy you can't get any more gross than that one. The French for their part performed a study of the opium problem in China. Baron Gros found that users who smoked upto 8 pipes per day had a life expectancy of only 6 years. Casual consumers could expect around 20 years after starting to smoke it, many died around the age of 50 or so. Opium addicts were found to be spending 2/3 ‘s of their income to feed their addiction. The Russians and Americans agreed with the French that the opium trade was horrible. The French however have little to nothing to say about another form of trade they took part in with China, the “pig trade”, that being the enslavement of coolies. Now you have to hear this one, this is so symbolic of the event as a whole. The translator for the treaty took forever because he was an opium addict. You just can't make this stuff up folks. The Russians agreed to the terms first on June 18th Putiantian signed off, making Elgin feel betrayed and abandoned because he still had qualms. What was really important to Russia was the border they shared with the Qing, it had been a source of much conflict. Thus Russia settled with a visiting ambassador to Beijing with no permanent status. Christianity received a formal toleration and the Russians got access to 2 more ports on Taiwan and Hainan. Five days later the Americans signed off on a similar agreement to the Russians. Both the Americans and Russians made sure to include the most favored nations clause in their treaties, which meant that whatever further concessions went to the British and French, they too would enjoy them. Thus the 2 nations who brought zero military aid and did basically nothing reaped the same benefits as the 2 nations shouldering everything, ain't that nice? Putiatin sent Elgin and Gros a copy of Russia's treaty urging them not to topple the manchu rule with too many humiliating concessions. Reed made a similar appeal. Gros reached an agreement on june 23rd and did not hesitate to sign the treaty because he did not want to undercut Elgin's negotiators, preferring to let them finish the job. The French also sought much less than Britain from the Chinese. A week after and the British had still not come to an agreement, Gros became impatient and sent Elgin a letter, that if the British did not sign soon the French would simply sail off. The British were stuck on two key issue; to have a permanent ambassador in Beijing and freedom to travel anywhere in China. The Chinese commissioners desperately sought the aid of Gros and Putiatin, indicating to them the Emperor was going to have them killed if they agreed to the two clauses. Elgin threatened to march on Beijing and it seems the commissioners were forced to give in. On June 26th the British Treaty of Tianjin was ratified. The Chinese would pay 5 million in war reparations, Christian missionaries would be allowed to work unhindered throughout China and 11 ports would be opened for trade. Taxes on imported goods would be set on a follow up meeting at Shanghai, and there 5% was agreed upon. Taxables goods would be silk, brocades and of course opium. The taxation agreement basically made opium legal in China, but without bringing the subject up. The Commissioners signed the treaty, but when they got back to Beijing, take a wild guess, the Emperor rejected the humiliating terms. Now Elgin failed to bring up the issue of the opium trade and its official legalization as were his instructions from Clarendon. Elgin probably felt since Clarendon lost his position he no longer had to respect the order. Clarendons successor Lord Malmesbury did not give a similar order. On July 3rd, 400 men and a naval band serenaded Elgin signing the Treaty of Tianjin at the Temple of Oceanic Influences under some paper lanterns. And despite the fact the commissioners, as they said it, were soon to be beheaded, they invited Elgin to a lavish dinner at the temple after the signing. At the dinner one of the commissioners, Hua Shan gave Elgin copies of some famous poetry. The next day, Baron Gross signed the French treaty but cheekily added some new demands that the commissioners were forced to abide by. He demanded the release of all Chinese christians imprisoned for their faith. Gros sent a triumphant report back home stating “Je suis heureux de pouvoir annoncer aujord-hui à Votre Excellence que la Chine s'ouvre enfin au Christianisme, source réelle de toute civilisation, et au commerce et à l'industrie des nations occidentales.” (“I am happy to be able to announce today to Your Excellence that China has at last opened itself to Christianity, the real source of all civilization, and to trade and the manufactures of the nations of the West.)” Back in Britain Elgins triumph was met with mixed reviews, though most were favorable. Elgins private secretary Laurence Oliphant, noted the impressive cost/benefit ratio of the casualties in his 1860 account of the campaign, ‘Narrative of the Earl of Elgin's Mission to China and Japan': “Hostilities with the Empire of China had terminated with a loss to the British arms of about twenty men killed in action...and a treaty had been signed far more intensive in its scope, and more subversive of imperial prejudices than that concluded fifteen years before, after a bloody and expensive war, which had been protracted over a period of two years.” Karl Marx, yes the Karl Marx, was working at the time as the European correspondent of the New York Tribune wrote a letter to his writing partner Friedrich Engels on some thoughts towards the conflict  “The present Anglo-Chinese Treaty which in my opinion was worked out by Palmerston in conjunction with the Petersburg Cabinet and given to Lord Elgin to take with him on his journey is a mockery from beginning to end.” Karl Marx would have a lot more to say about the Taiping Rebellion, which is quite interesting given the rebellion is considered a proto marxist one. Elgin himself was quite depressed over the ordeal, he wrote this in his diary “I have an instinct in me which loves righteousness and hates iniquity and all this keeps me in a perpetual boil. Though I have been forced to act almost brutally I am China's friend in almost all this.” To try and raise the celebration somewhat, Elgin decided to take 5 ships up the Yangtze River as a demonstration of Britain's naval power and to discourage the Chinese from going back on the new treaty. However news of some raids against Canton forced him to pull be short. The new Viceroy of Canton named Huang had incited a rebellion rallying Canton residents to quote “Go forth in your myriads, then, and take vengeance on the enemies of your Sovereign, imbued with public spirit and fertile in expedients.” In July a group of Cantonese got their hands on some artillery and began to shell the British resident at Whampoa. The Cantonese mob followed this up by performing a raid after they heard about the humiliating terms of the treaty of Tianjin. During a short conference in Shanghai, Elgin demanded Viceroy Huang be removed. On top of the Canton problem, the two commissioners, Guiling and Hua Shan had reneged on the treaty clauses about allowing British ambassadors in Beijing. They sent a letter to Elgin stating that had agreed to such clauses under duress and suggested that future British ambassadors visit Beijing from time to time as diplomatic business warranted. They argued that because of large scale xenophobia in Beijing, they feared for the lives of any British dwelling there. Then 4 days later they added another excuse; they said that to allow British ambassadors to live in Beijing would generate fear and a loss of respect for the Qing government. Such further humiliation might very well topple the Manchu and allow the Taiping to take over. Elgin was somewhat swayed by the Taiping excuse and said he would pass their message onto his foreign officer. Elgin was also in a tough position as the fact a rebellion was occurring in Canton made it seem clear that guaranteeing the safety of British ambassadors in Beijing would not be an easy task. The French concurred with Elgin, that to have ambassadors in Beijing would be dangerous now. In the meantime Elgin had set up a 2 month survey of the Yangtze River using 2 gunboats to demonstrate Britains new right of travel throughout China. The idea had been to see if the local Chinese would obey the treaty clauses. Elgins tour wound up going past the Taiping capital of Nanjing and it is alleged a single cannon perched on a Nanjing wall fired upon Elgin's ships. Elgin's reprisal was pretty brutal, he sent a volley knocking out the Taiping cannon then ordered a 99 minute naval bombardment of Nanjing before sailing on. Eglin had planned to finish the trip by meeting with the Emperor and giving him a letter from Queen Victoria, but the worsening of the Canton situation forced him to pull back south. In February of 1859 Cantonese rebels ambushed and massacred 700 British marines around the countryside of Canton. In retaliation, General van Straubenzee, the military commander of 3000 troops in Canton, hunted down the headquarters of the rebels which they found at Shektsing a few miles south of the city and completely annihilated all those there and razed everything to the ground. The destruction of the rebel camp seems to have worked quite well as suddenly the Emperor sent word to ratify the treaty of Tianjin's clauses and had Huang removed from power and demanded the rebels disband. While Elgin dealt with the renewed China problem, his brother Frederick Bruce returned to Britain with the signed Treaty of Tianjin. Lord Malmesbury rewarded Bruce by naming him the first ambassador to China, a post Elgin would have received, but he was too wary of the post given the circumstances now. Elgin left China in March of 1859, taking the chance to link up and meet his brother in Sri Lanka in April as Bruce was on his way back to China. Now Bruce was not lets say, as great as his brother. He had recently been the Lt-governor of Newfoundland, then the Colonial secretary of Hong Kong. In all honestly a lot of his appointments were merely a result of him being Elgin's brother. But Bruce did have working knowledge of Chinese customs. Bruce arrived back at the mouth of the Bei He River on June 18th of 1859 alongside a force of 16 warships. Admiral Seymour had returned to London and was replaced by Rear-admiral James Hope. Unfortunately it seems Hope was even more racist and hated the Chinese more than Seymour. 3 days later the new American ambassador showed up John E Ward aboard a steamer, the Powhatan. The French representative, Anton de Bourbelon brought 2 warships with him as the French fleet had remained close by in Indo-China. Now Emperor Xianfeng wanted above all else to keep the Europeans the hell out of Beijing. The Emperor suggested right away that they ratify the new treaty at Shanghai, but all 3 of the European powers declined this. Many of the Emperors close advisors wanted to resist the foreigners taking up residence in Beijing. Some of these high ranking officials gave orders for 3 large bamboo booms, 3 feet thick to be strung across the Bei He river to block the foreigners advance. It looked like war was back on the menu and in a vain attempt Bruce tried writing a letter to Beijing politely asking the booms be removed. Well Bruce got no reply and this prompted Admiral Hope to ask permission to blow the booms apart. On June 21st, Hope sent captain Willes aboard a steamer to break through the first boom which went successfully, but the other 2 proved unbreakable. The British tried using some gunpowder but it just couldn't do the job, then to add insult to injury during the night the Qing repaired the first boom.  On June 25th Bruce received a letter from the Viceroy of Zhili, Heng Fu. Heng suggested the ambassadors lodge at Beitang, around 8 miles north of Beijing, basically it was a face saving gesture. The British however were armed to the teeth and had just undergone 3 annoying and long years of negotiations and war and had no patience. Bruce told Admiral Hope to attack the booms again. That afternoon Hope took his flagship Plover and attempted ramming the boom, but this time hit ship was stopped cold. The Qing had learnt a lesson from the previous conflict and this time had made the 2nd and 3rd booms out of full sized tree trunks sling together with heavy chains. As the Plover staled and the other European gunships had to stop just before it, all of a sudden the forts portholes were cast aside to reveal a full complement of 40 cannons and they opened fire. The first salvo took the head right off Plovers bow gunner and 3 other sailors fell wounded. For 3 hours Plover was pulverized. Hope unwisely stood on his deck wearing a gold braid basically showing the Chinese he was a high ranking official. A Qing sharpshooter landed a shot hitting Hope in his thigh. Hope fell on deck and was bound up by a surgeon as the Qing retaliated. For a rather surprising change, the Qing cannons, though still immobile were better aimed and managed to blow Hope's second in command and 8 other sailors to pieces, 22 others were wounded. Plovers hull eventually burst sinking the ship into the mud and this would lead to the deaths of countless crew. Hope believe it or not got up and rowed over to another ship, the Opossum and began standing on its deck in plain sight. Because of his thigh wound he had to hold onto a railing to hold himself upright and that said railing was hit by a Qing cannonball. The railing collapsed and Hope fell breaking several ribs, ouch. This prompted him to turn command over to Captain Shadwell. The Qing volleys managed to disable 5 of the invaders frontal gunships prompting Bruce to order 7 more which were 8 miles away to come forward and replace the damaged ones. By the evening, 5 British warships had been immobilized and 2 had run aground and one was a sitting duck for fort cannons.  The fort guns went silent in the early evening and the British officers took it to mean that the forts garrisons had fled like they had in the previous year. The landing parties surged ahead as planned and that was when disaster struck again. It turned out to be a ruse to entice the landing parties to storm the beach. The landing party soon found out to their horror 2 trenches were dug in front of the walls, filled with water and mud and some large iron spikes behind them. That was bad, but immediately when the marines got off their barges the muddy banks seized their feet leaving them helpless as the forts unleashed carnage upon them. Those lucky enough to make it to the trenches found the muddy water was too thick to swim. Many men in despair clambered beside the base of a fort wall to escape the trenches and gunfire. The Qing began setting off fireworks to illuminate the trapped marines as they fired upon them. Although America said it would remain neutral, Commodore Josiah Tattnall aboard the USS Powhatan was trying to get past the booms as well when he ran into the conflict. Tattnal was a veteran of the war of 1812 and like pretty much any American at the time disliked the British. Tattnal received word that Hope had been shot and upon witnessing the horror show he suddenly cast neutrality to the wind. Tattnal was from Georgia, a loyal southerner with a lets say, strong sense of racial pride…yeah we will call it that. Whatever hate he held for the British was cast aside as he suddenly screamed out “blood is thicker than water, I'd be damned if I stood by and watched white men butchered before my eyes!”. Tattnals charge forward hardly turned the tide of battle, it amount mostly to him towing more British marines forward to their horrific death. Some of his men grabbed and operated some British guns firing at the fort while Tattnall personally tended to Hope. A single american died and the breach of neutrality could have caused a catastrophe, but one thing it did do was set a new tone for British-American friendship. As the London times wrote “Whatever may be the result of the fight, England will never forget the day when the deeds and words of kindly Americans sustained and comforted her stricken warriors on the waters of the Bei He.” Around 7pm, as the Qing set off fireworks to illuminate the area, Captain Shadwell with 50 royal marines and French seamen led by the French commander Tricault landed on some muddy flats outside one of the Taku forts. They clamored through knee deep mud as the defenders rained Gingall fire down upon them at short range. The British-Franco force found themselves literally stuck in the mud, unable to use their wall scaling ladders to get over the fort. Shadwell sent word back to his superior that he and his men were pinned down and requested reinforcements to storm the Taku walls. There was no more fighting men available however, he was eventually order to limp back to the ships. The British and French suffered high casualties. Shadwell was wounded, Tricault was dead, and of the 1000 men who took part in the battle around half were killed or wounded, 29 of them officers. Many men dragged themselves or limped through mud to get back to their ships. A lot of these men were veterans of the Crimean war and had never tasted such defeat. One veteran of the battle of Balaclava said he would rather have relived that battle three times over than suffer the Taku Forts again. The gunboats, Lee, Plover and Cormorant were disabled, the Kestrel sank.  Admiral Hope sent a dispatch to the Admiralty showing his shock at how the Qing performed “Had the opposition they expected been that as usual in Chinese warfare, there is little doubt that the place would have been successfully carried at the point of the bayonet.” To try and save face, Bruce reported back to Britain that the sudden military prowess of the Qing forces at the Taku forts was because Russians were helping them. He alleged based on eyewitness testimony that some men in fur hats and European dress had been seen directing operations atop a Taku fort, it was mere bullshit. The real reason for the Qing victory was because of Prince Senggelinqin. Senggelinqin was a mongol cavalry commander that had helped the Qing crush a large army of Taiping rebels. He was a member of the Borjigin clan and the 26th generation descendant of Qasar, a brother to Genghis Khan. He led Qing forces to smash the Taiping during the Northern Expedition in the southern suburbs of Tianjin. When the Second Opium War broke out he was appointed Imperial commissioner in charge of the defense of Tianjin. Seng rejoiced in his well earned victory. He wrote back to the emperor acknowledging the British and French might return with more ships, but asserted confidently he would thrash them again and again “the pride and vainglory of the barbarians, already under severe trial, will immediately disappear. When that happens, China can then enjoy some decades of peace. The barbarians, already somewhat disillusioned and repentant, may lend themselves to persuasion and be brought under control. If they of their own accord should wholeheartedly become obedient, then peace would be secure and permanent.” The Emperor responded with caution “the foreigners may harbor secret designs and hide themselves around nearby islands, waiting for the arrival of more soldiers and ships for a surprise attack in the night or in a storm” Emperor Xianfeng still shared a sense of relief and expressed hope the foreigners needs for Chinese goods would mean that they could sort out their problems in Shanghai and that there would be no need for ambassadors in Beijing nor new treaties. Seng also pointed out during the battle the Americans got involved. “Although the starting of hostilities was by the English barbarians, France and America's cooperation in the melee is also inescapable.” Seng based his claim off intelligence extracted from a Canadian POW named John Powers. John claimed to be a neutral American in an attempt to escape imprisonment. The Chinese did not free him and instead used him as proof the Americans had abandoned neutrality. Seng much like most Chinese at the time were weak on Western Geography and assumed Canada was part of the United States, sad Canadian noises. At one point an American missionary who spoke Chinese tried to explain to Seng the difference between English and French Canada and the United States, Seng described the experience in a letter to the Qing imperial court. “[The missionary] stated that America contained Englishmen and Frenchmen, and when there was fighting, the flag was the only criterion.” Eventually John was released after a month, the Qing simply did not want to add America to a list of growing enemies. I would like to take this time to remind you all that this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Please go subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry after that, give my personal channel a look over at The Pacific War Channel at Youtube, it would mean a lot to me.  The battle for the Taku Fort was an absolute catastrophe resulting in humiliation for the Europeans for once. Prince Seng had a grand victory, perhaps now the foreign barbarians would learn their lesson and stop their war. Or perhaps the Europeans would like their wounds and come right back.  

The Treaty With China by Mark Twain audiobook. "A good candidate for 'the most under-appreciated work by Mark Twain' would be 'The Treaty With China,' which he published in the New York Tribune in 1868. This piece, which is an early statement of Twain's opposition to imperialism and which conveys his vision of how the U.S. ought to behave on the global stage, has not been reprinted since its original publication until now."

As a teenager, Mabel Lee fought for the women's vote in the U.S. even though she wouldn't benefit from it. As an adult, she continued to live a life in service, as community and spiritual leader in New York's Chinatown.             Research: National Archives. “Chinese Exclusion Act (1882).” https://www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/chinese-exclusion-act “Erasmus Hall Academy.” National Park Service. https://www.nps.gov/places/erasmus-hall-academy.htm Yang, Jia Lynn. “Overlooked No More: Mabel Ping-Hua Lee, Suffragist With a Distinction.” New York Times. Sept. 19, 2020. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/09/19/obituaries/mabel-ping-hua-lee-overlooked.html?searchResultPosition=1 “New York City's Chinatown Post Office Named in Honor of Dr. Mabel Lee '1916.” Barnard College. December 3, 2018. https://barnard.edu/news/new-york-citys-chinatown-post-office-named-honor-dr-mabel-lee-1916 Hond, Paul. “How Columbia Suffragists Fought for the Right of Women to Vote.” Columbia Magazine. Fall 2020. https://magazine.columbia.edu/article/how-columbia-suffragists-fought-right-women-vote “Chinese Girl Wants Vote.” New York Tribune. April 13, 1912. https://www.newspapers.com/image/467709486/?terms=Mabel%20Lee&match=1 “Parade of Women in New York Saturday, May 4, Will Break Record for Number in Line.” The Daily News, Frederick, MD. May 2, 1912. https://www.newspapers.com/image/7632082/?terms=Mabel%20Lee&match=1 “Dr. Mabel Ping-Hua Lee.” National Park Service. https://www.nps.gov/people/mabel-lee.htm Tseng, Timothy. “Saving China, Saving Ourselves: 1911-1965.” ChinaSource Quarterly. Winter 2020. Posted online Dec. 7, 2020. https://www.chinasource.org/resource-library/articles/saving-china-saving-ourselves-1911-1965/ Lee, Mabel. “The Meaning of Woman Suffrage.” The Chinese Student Monthly. May 1914.  526-529. Republished: https://timtsengdotnet.files.wordpress.com/2013/12/mabel-lee-the-meaning-of-woman-suffrage-1914.pdf Cahill, Cathleen D. “Mabel Ping-Hua Lee: How Chinese-American Women Helped Shape the Suffrage Movement.” National Park Service. https://www.nps.gov/articles/000/mabel-ping-hua-lee-how-chinese-american-women-helped-shape-the-suffrage-movement.htm Tseng, Timothy. “Dr. Mabel Lee: The Intersticial Career of a Protestant Chinese American Woman, 1924-1950.” Paper to be presented at the 1996 Organization of American Historians meeting. https://timtsengdotnet.files.wordpress.com/2013/11/mabel-lee-paper-1996.pdf Alexander, Kerri Lee. “Mabel Ping-Hua Lee.” National Women's History Museum. https://www.womenshistory.org/education-resources/biographies/mabel-ping-hua-lee Michael H. Hunt. “The American Remission of the Boxer Indemnity: A Reappraisal.” The Journal of Asian Studies, vol. 31, no. 3, 1972, pp. 539–59, https://doi.org/10.2307/2052233 “New York and the 19th Amendment.” National Park Service. https://www.nps.gov/articles/new-york-and-the-19th-amendment.htm Sears, Charles Hatch. “A Chinese Leader in New York City.” Missions: American Baptist International Magazine. Volume 16. 1925. https://books.google.com/books?id=D5rNAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA682&lpg=PA682&dq=%E2%80%9CA+Chinese+Leader+in+New+York+City,%E2%80%9D&source=bl&ots=F29TTo2f7y&sig=ACfU3U1pd1puccje3hlTvSi815lN9_M3Gg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiy39acm8v3AhVWkokEHUNtCTAQ6AF6BAgCEAM#v=onepage&q=%E2%80%9CA%20Chinese%20Leader%20in%20New%20York%20City%2C%E2%80%9D&f=false “Suffrage Army Out on Parade.” New York Times May 5, 1912. https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1912/05/05/100533097.pdf?pdf_redirect=true&ip=0 See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

CLICK HERE to listen to episode audio (4:27).Sections below are the following: Transcript of Audio Audio Notes and Acknowledgments ImagesExtra Information Sources Related Water Radio Episodes For Virginia Teachers (Relevant SOLs, etc.). Unless otherwise noted, all Web addresses mentioned were functional as of 5-20-22. TRANSCRIPT OF AUDIO From the Cumberland Gap to the Atlantic Ocean, this is Virginia Water Radio for the weeks of May 23 and May 30, 2022.  This episode, marking the Memorial Day holiday observed this year on May 30, repeats an episode first done in 2015. MUSIC – ~17 sec – instrumental. That tune, composed during the U.S. Civil War, sets the stage for a water-related exploration of the origin of Memorial Day.  Have a listen to the music for about 35 more seconds. MUSIC – ~35 sec – instrumental. You've been listening to a version of “All Quiet Along the Potomac Tonight,” recorded by Chloe Benner and Stewart Scales.  The tune was composed in 1863 by John Hill Hewitt.  The title, and the lyrics associated with the tune, are from “The Picket Guard,” a poem by Ethel Lynn Beers, published in 1861.  The poem relates the loneliness, homesickness, and then sudden death of a rank-and-file soldier patrolling the dark, wooded, and deceptively quiet Potomac riverbank.  As a similar tragic fate befell tens of thousands of Civil War soldiers along rivers, ridges, and battle lines in Virginia and elsewhere, surviving family and friends began honoring fallen soldiers by decorating their graves with flowers, especially during spring.  The practice grew across both North and South, eventually becoming a spring tradition known as “Decoration Day.” On May 5, 1868, Gen. John Logan called for Decoration Day to be an annual, national holiday on May 30, and the first national ceremony was held that year in Arlington National Cemetery, near the banks of the Potomac.  After World War I, the annual observance began to include honoring those who had died in all U.S. military conflicts.  In 1971, Congress declared Memorial Day an official national holiday, to occur on the last Monday of May. Memorial Day invokes very personal and local expressions of honor and remembrance, true to the holiday's origin of individuals decorating Civil War graves with flowers.  In that spirit, we close this tribute to Memorial Day with about 25 seconds of “Flowers of the Forest,” by No Strings Attached, from their 2002 album, “Old Friend's Waltz.” MUSIC – ~26 sec – instrumental. SHIP'S BELL Virginia Water Radio is produced by the Virginia Water Resources Research Center, part of Virginia Tech's College of Natural Resources and Environment.  For more Virginia water sounds, music, or information, visit us online at virginiawaterradio.org, or call the Water Center at (540) 231-5624.  Thanks to Stewart Scales for his banjo version of Cripple Creek to open and close this episode.  In Blacksburg, I'm Alan Raflo, thanking you for listening, and wishing you health, wisdom, and good water. AUDIO NOTES AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This Virginia Water Radio episode revises and replaces Episode 215, 5-25-15, and Episode 318, 5-30-16. The version of “All Quiet Along the Potomac Tonight” heard in this Virginia Water Radio episode was performed by Chloe Benner and Stewart Scales, used with permission.  More information about Mr. Scales and the group New Standard is available online at http://newstandardbluegrass.com.  This music was used previously by Virginia Water Radio most recently in Episode 619, 3-7-22.  Another version of “All Quiet Along the Potomac Tonight,” by Bobby Horton, was featured in Episode 101, 3-5-12. Information on “All Quiet Along the Potomac,” about Ethel Beers, the author of the poem from which the song was derived, and about John Hill Hewitt, who composed the tune, is available from Bartleby.com, online at http://www.bartleby.com/270/13/474.html; from Britannica Encyclopedia, online at www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/58438/Ethel-Lynn-Beers; from Library of Congress, “All quiet along the Potomac to-night,” online at https://www.loc.gov/item/ihas.200002411/; and from Song of America, online at https://songofamerica.net/song/all-quiet-along-the-potomac-tonight/. “Flowers of the Forest” and “Old Friend's Waltz” are copyright by No Strings Attached and Enessay Music, used with permission.  More information about the now-retired, Blacksburg/Roanoke-based group No Strings Attached is available online at https://www.enessay.com/index.html.  This music was used previously by Virginia Water Radio most recently in Episode 573, 4-19-21.  Information on “Metsäkukkia,” the original Finnish tune on which the No Strings Attached selection was based, is available from Andrew Kuntz, “The Fiddler's Companion,” online at http://www.ibiblio.org/fiddlers/MER_MIC.htm; and from Jeremy Keith, “The Session,” online at http://thesession.org/tunes/4585. Click here if you'd like to hear the full version (1 min./11 sec.) of the “Cripple Creek” arrangement/performance by Stewart Scales that opens and closes this episode.  More information about Mr. Scales and the group New Standard, with which Mr. Scales plays, is available online at http://newstandardbluegrass.com. IMAGES(Unless otherwise noted, photographs are by Virginia Water Radio.) Looking towards the confluence of the Shenandoah River with the Potomac River at Harper's Ferry, West Va., August 14, 2008.  Harper's Ferry was a strategic location and the site of a federal arsenal during the Civil War era.The confluence of Antietam Creek (foreground) with the Potomac River in Maryland, as seen from the C&O Canal Towpath, August 13, 2008.  The confluence is several miles downstream of where the creek flows through Sharpsburg, Md., the site of a major Civil War battle in 1862.      EXTRA INFORMATION ON THE HISTORY OF MEMORIAL DAYThe following information is quoted from the Library of Congress, “Today in History—May 30/Memorial Day,” online at https://www.loc.gov/item/today-in-history/may-30/. “In 1868, Commander in Chief John A. Logan of the Grand Army of the Republic issued General Order Number 11 designating May 30 as a memorial day ‘for the purpose of strewing with flowers or otherwise decorating the graves of comrades who died in defense of their country during the late rebellion, and whose bodies now lie in almost every city, village, and hamlet churchyard in the land.' “The first national celebration of the holiday took place May 30, 1868, at Arlington National Cemetery, where both Confederate and Union soldiers were buried.  Originally known as Decoration Day, at the turn of the century it was designated as Memorial Day.  In many American towns, the day is celebrated with a parade. “Southern women decorated the graves of soldiers even before the Civil War's end.  Records show that by 1865, Mississippi, Virginia, and South Carolina all had precedents for Memorial Day.  Songs in the Duke University collection Historic American Sheet Music include hymns published in the South such as these two from 1867: ‘Kneel Where Our Loves are Sleeping,' dedicated to ‘The Ladies of the South Who are Decorating the Graves of the Confederate Dead,' and ‘Memorial Flowers,' dedicated ‘To the Memory of Our Dead Heroes.' “When a women's memorial association in Columbus, Mississippi, decorated the graves of both Confederate and Union soldiers on April 25, 1866, this act of generosity and reconciliation prompted an editorial piece, published by Horace Greeley's New York Tribune, and a poem by Francis Miles Finch, ‘The Blue and the Grey,' published in the Atlantic Monthly.  The practice of strewing flowers on soldiers' graves soon became popular throughout the reunited nation. “President Lyndon Johnson proclaimed Waterloo, New York, as the ‘Birthplace of Memorial Day,' because it began a formal observance on May 5, 1866.  However, Boalsburg, Pennsylvania, also claims to have held the first observance, based on an observance dating back to October 1864.  Indeed, many other towns also lay claim to being the first to hold an observance. “In 1971, federal law changed the observance of the holiday to the last Monday in May and extended the honor to all soldiers who died in American wars.  A few states continue to celebrate Memorial Day on May 30. “Today, national observance of the holiday still takes place at Arlington National Cemetery with the placing of a wreath on the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier and the decoration of each grave with a small American flag.  Protocol for flying the American flag on Memorial Day includes raising it quickly to the top of the pole at sunrise, immediately lowering it to half-staff until noon, and displaying it at full staff from noon until sunset. … “Many veterans of the Vietnam War, and relatives and friends of those who fought in that conflict, make a pilgrimage over Memorial Day weekend to the Vietnam Veterans Memorial in Washington, D.C., where they pay their respects to another generation of fallen soldiers.” SOURCES USED FOR AUDIO AND OFFERING MORE INFORMATION On the History of Memorial Day Library of Congress, “Today in History—May 30/Memorial Day,” online at https://www.loc.gov/item/today-in-history/may-30/. Smithsonian Institution/National Museum of American History, “You asked, we Answered: Why do we celebrate Memorial Day?”, by Ryan Lintelman, May 24, 2013; available online at http://americanhistory.si.edu/blog/2013/05/you-asked-we-answered-why-do-we-celebrate-memorial-day.html. Public Broadcasting System, “National Memorial Day Concert/History of Memorial Day,” online at http://www.pbs.org/national-memorial-day-concert/memorial-day/history/. U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs:“America's Wars,” online (as a PDF) at http://www.va.gov/opa/publications/factsheets/fs_americas_wars.pdf;“Memorial Day,” online at https://www.va.gov/opa/speceven/memday; and“Memorial Day Order,” by Gen. John A. Logan, May 6, 1868, online at https://www.cem.va.gov/history/memdayorder.asp. On Rivers and Other Water Bodies in the U.S. Civil War The History PlaceTM, “The U.S. Civil War,” online at http://www.historyplace.com/civilwar/ USA Civil War Web Site, “Civil War Rivers and Streams,” online at http://usa-civil-war.com/CW_Rivers/rivers.html RELATED VIRGINIA WATER RADIO EPISODES All Water Radio episodes are listed by category at the Index link above (http://www.virginiawaterradio.org/p/index.html).  See particularly the “History” subject category. Following are links to some other episodes on Virginia waters in history related to military conflicts. Battle of Yorktown in the Revolutionary War – Episode 390, 10-6-17.Bull Run's present and Civil War past – Episode 223, 7-21-14. Civil War Battle of the Ironclads – Episode 412, 3-19-18.Lincoln's James River trip to Richmond at the end of the Civil War – Episode 459, 2-11-19.Potomac River in the Civil War – Episode 101, 3-5-12.Rivers and attempts to capture Richmond in the Civil War – Episode 164, 6-3-13 (for Memorial Day 2013).River origins of Virginia signers of Declaration of Independence – Episode 220, 6-30-14. Various waters involved in the Revolutionary War – Episode 168, 7-1-13. FOR VIRGINIA TEACHERS – RELATED STANDARDS OF LEARNING (SOLs) AND OTHER INFORMATION Following are some Virginia Standards of Learning (SOLs) that may be supported by this episode's audio/transcript, sources, or other information included in this post. 2020 Music SOLs SOLs at various grade levels that call for “examining the relationship of music to the other fine arts and other fields of knowledge.” 2015 Social Studies SOLs Grades K-3 History Theme1.2 – Virginia history and life in present-day Virginia.1.4 – Lives of people associated with major holidays.2.5 – Lives of people associated with major holidays. Virginia Studies CourseVS.1 – Impact of geographic features on people, places, and events in Virginia history.VS.7 – Civil War issues and events, including the role of Virginia and the role of various ethnic groups. United States History to 1865 CourseUSI.2 – Major land and water features of North America, including their importance in history.USI.9 – Causes, events, and effects of the Civil War.Virginia and United States History CourseVUS.7 – Knowledge of the Civil War and Reconstruction eras.Virginia's SOLs are available from the Virginia Department of Education, online at http://www.doe.virginia.gov/testing/. Following are links to Water Radio episodes (various topics) designed especially for certain K-12 grade levels.Episode 250, 1-26-15 – on boiling, for kindergarten through 3rd grade. Episode 255, 3-2-15 – on density, for 5th and 6th grade. Episode 282, 9-21-15 – on living vs. non-living, for kindergarten. Episode 309, 3-28-16 – on temperature regulation in animals, for kindergarten through 12th grade. Episode 333, 9-12-16 – on dissolved gases, especially dissolved oxygen in aquatic habitats, for 5th grade. Episode 404, 1-22-18 – on ice on ponds and lakes, for 4th through 8th grade. Episode 407, 2-12-18 – on snow chemistry and physics

In 1909, New York City Police discovered the corpse of a white woman stuffed into a trunk. Because cops found the corpse in a Chinese man's apartment, the murder ignited a ‘war' against Chinese Americans, who the press claimed were out to steal and spoil white women. This episode is the story of the Chinatown Trunk Mystery, the ‘Yellow Peril,' and the destruction it caused for America's immigrant communities.This episode is in honor of Asian American & Pacific Islander (AAPI) Heritage Month.......#history #herstory #historian #historylover #historybuff #historicaltruecrime #truecrimehistory #truecrime #truecrimepodcast #historypodcast #americanhistory #ushistory #newyorkhistory #newyorkcityhistory #chinatown #chinatownhistory #manhattanhistory #chineseamerican #aapiheritagemonth #elsiesigel #chinatowntrunkmystery #chinatowntrunkmurder Sources:Bovsun, Mara. “The Chinatown Trunk Mystery.” Daily News. 25 March 2008. https://www.nydailynews.com/news/crime/chinatown-trunk-mystery-article-1.269236Chow, Kat. “How The White Establishment Waged A ‘War' on Chinese Restaurants in the U.S.” GBH. 16 June 2017. https://www.wgbh.org/news/2017/06/16/how-white-establishment-waged-war-chinese-restaurants-usFuchs, Chris. “The Chinese railroad workers who helped connect the country: Recovering an erased history.” NBC News. 22 April 2019. https://www.nbcnews.com/news/asian-america/recovering-erased-history-chinese-railroad-workers-who-helped-connect-country-n991136Lui, Mary Ting Yi. The Chinatown Trunk Mystery: Murder, Miscegenation, and Other Dangerous Encounters in Turn-of-the-Century New York City (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2007).“The Murder of Elsie Sigel by her Chinese Lover, 1909.” Historical Crime Detective. https://www.historicalcrimedetective.com/ccca/the-murder-of-elsie-sigel-by-her-chinese-lover-1909/Powell, J. Mark. “The Body in the Trunk: Who Killed Elsie Sigel?” 29 October 2015. http://www.jmarkpowell.com/the-body-in-the-trunk-who-killed-elsie-sigel-2/“Why Social Workers in the Slums Become Depraved.” The Star Company. 1914.Newspapers:Day Book. 6 January 1912. P. 23.Evening Star. June 20 and 25 1909.Los Angeles Herald. 27 June 1909.New York Times. June 19 to 28, 1909.New York Tribune. 23 June 1909.Orange County Observer. 1 July 1909.Palestine Daily Herald. 21 June 1909.Princeton Union. 8 July 1909.San Jose Mercury News. 23 June 1909.Spokane Press. 26 June 1909.Music: Dellasera by Shane Ivers - https://www.silvermansound.comFor more information, visit www.oldbloodpodcast.com

Vendendo vestidos e marcando uma entrevista. Minhas opiniões a partir de 28:19

An unidentified, mostly noncommunicative man in a Minnesota mental hospital, known as J.C.R., was the plaintiff in a case to prove his identity as a North Dakota rancher's son.  Who was J.C.R.?  Will we ever know? Twitter: https://twitter.com/PodcastDarkness Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/agable_fd/ Part of the Straight Up Strange Network: https://www.straightupstrange.com/ Opening music from https://filmmusic.io. "Dark Child" by Kevin MacLeod (https://incompetech.com). License: CC BY (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) Closing music by Soma. SOURCES “Accused of Writing Bogus Checks.” Washington Post, January 7, 1905. “Aphasia Victim May Be Naval Officer.” New York Tribune, May 26, 1913. “Are Positive of Identity.” Long Beach Telegram (California), May 23, 1913. “Bullets Write New Chapter in 'J.C.R.' Mystery.” Leavenworth Times (Kansas), May 4, 1917. “Caldwell Will Case Postponed.” Grand Forks Herald (North Dakota), August 27, 1917. “Dorothy Harris Claims to be Daughter of 'J.C.R.' and Heir to a Large Fortune.” Minneapolis Star-Tribune, November 16, 1919. “Famous Identity Case Concluded Late Last Week.” Dickinson Press (North Dakota), January 20, 1917. “Found Paralyzed.” La Crosse Tribune (Wisconsin), July 13, 1907. “Four Others Identify 'Aye-Hee' as Ramsey.” Oregon Daily Journal, May 23, 1913. “Girl, 18, Claims 'J.C.R.' Mystery man as Father.” Maurice Times (Iowa), December 11, 1919. “Hopes of Fortune Depend on Flute.” Spokane Daily Chronicle, November 17, 1919. “Insane Prisoner Attacks Sheriff.” Billings Gazette (Montana), August 10, 1917. “Is He? Or Is He Not? Week of Court Serves to Deepen Mystery of 'J.C.R.'.” Dickinson Press (North Dakota), January 6, 1917. “'J.C.R. Again in Our City.” Dickinson Press (North Dakota), July 31, 1915. “'J.C.R.' Face to Face With Lost Identity.” Chicago Inter Ocean, January 17, 1914. “J.C.R. Identified as James Harris Now Making Home with Former Wife.” Ward County Independent (Minnesota), August 26, 1920. “'J.C.R.' in Visit to Dickinson.” Bismarck Tribune, November 14, 1921. “'J.C.R.' on Co. Wants to Let Go.” Dickinson Press (North Dakota), April 10, 1915. “'J.C.R.,' the Man of Mystery, Declared Seen in Spokane.” Spokane Chronicle (Washington), January 24, 1920. “'J.C.R.' Walks to Dickinson.” Williston Graphic (North Dakota), August 5, 1915. “Man of Mystery Found.” Seattle Star, January 27, 1920. “Mrs. Pitkin Has an Unenviable Record.” Fargo Forum and Daily Republican (North Dakota), December 14, 1914. “Mysterious 'J.C.R.' Identified as Man Missing since 1906.” St. Louis Star and Times (Missouri), November 19, 1914. “Mystery Man for 13 Years is Brought Home.” Minneapolis Morning Tribune, August 18, 1920. “Mystery Man of Stark is Paralyzed.” Bismarck Tribune, January 31, 1921. “Noted Murder Case in North Dakota.” Rapid City Journal (North Carolina), June 19, 1917. “Says She is Wrong.” Long Beach Telegram (California), May 22, 1913. “'Silent Man' an Oklahoman?” Oklahoma Weekly Leader, May 29, 1913. “Slayer of Two Caldwells Held Insane by Jury.” August 14, 1917. “State News and Comment.” Bismarck Daily Tribune (North Dakota), April 10, 1915. “Strange Case of 'J.C.R.' the Man of Mystery Who Has Apparently Lost All Track of Himself.” Asheville Citizen-Times (North Carolina), November 9, 1913. “Trial of Mike Chumack Likely to be Postponed.” Hope Pioneer (North Dakota), June 14, 1917. “Wife Looks for Jas. P. Harris.” Tampa Times, January 13, 1920. Burnett, W. Fulton. “The Case of the Mysterious J.C.R.” North Dakota Law Review, volume 25, number 4 (1949). Callahan, Edward W. List of Officers of the Navy of the United States and of the Marine Corps, from 1775 to 1900. New York: L.R. Hamersly & Co., 1901. James H. Caldwell - Facts (ancestry.com) Waseca County Minnesota Railroad Stations (west2k.com) Strange Company: Who Was J.C.R.?

  In the winter of 1891-1892, a series of slashing attacks - and one murder - took place in the rough streets of the Bowery in Lower Manhattan, barely a stone's throw from the seedy hotel where “Old Shakespeare” was slain only a few months before. Twitter: https://twitter.com/PodcastDarkness Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/agable_fd/ Part of the Straight Up Strange Network: https://www.straightupstrange.com/ Opening music from https://filmmusic.io. "Dark Child" by Kevin MacLeod (https://incompetech.com). License: CC BY (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) Closing music by Soma. SOURCES “Arraignment of the Slasher.” New York Sun, January 20, 1892. “Carson's Slayer.” New York Evening World, January 18, 1892. “Caught Cutting a Throat.” New York Tribune, January 18, 1892. “Dowd Was Mad, the Jury Say.” New York Sun, January 30, 1892. “Jack the Slasher Again.” Passaic (NJ) Daily News, January 16, 1892. “Jack the Slasher in Court.” New York Evening World, January 28, 1892. “Masterson a Roundsman Now.” New York Sun, January 20, 1892. “Men Whom Dowd Slashed.” New York Evening World, January 29, 1892. “Murder or Suicide?” New York Evening World, January 15, 1892. “Red Revenge Day By Day.” Pittsburgh (PA) Dispatch, January 18, 1892. “Saloon Keeper Flynn's Frenzy.” New York Sun, July 6, 1887. “Slasher Dowd's Defense.” New York Evening World, January 21, 1892. “Slasher Dowd's Trial Put Off.” New York Evening World, January 25, 1892. “The Slasher's Brother Sane.” New York Evening World, January 28, 1892. “The Weather.” Brooklyn Times-Union, January 18, 1892. “Who Killed Lawyer Carson?” New York Evening World, January 16, 1892. Dekle, George. The East River Ripper. Kent, OH: Kent State University Press, 2021. New York, U.S., Sing Sing Prison Admission Registers, 1865-1939 - Ancestry.com Daytonian in Manhattan: The 1894 House of Relief -- Nos. 67-69 Hudson St. (daytoninmanhattan.blogspot.com)

How did one man's vision of a legitimate Greco Roman championship go very wrong...and how did it accidentally became absolutely amazing? Listen to Nick and Chango discuss the hubris, the action, and the weirdness of the 1915 International Tournament!   Primary Sources: -New York Times, 05/20/1915, 05/26/1915, 05/27/1915,  05/29/1915, 05/30/1915, 06/03/1915, 06/08/1915, 06/11/1915 06/12/1915, 06/13/1915, 06/15/1915, 06/17/1915, 06/23/1915, 06/24/1915, 10/26/1915, 11/07/1915, 11/11/1915, 11/13/1915, 11/17/1915, 11/23/1915, 11/24/1915, 11/28/1915. -New York Evening World: 10/26/1915, 11/02/1915, 11/12/1915, 11/13/1915, 11/16/1915, 11/27/1915, 12/01/1915, 11/03/1915, 11/30/1915, 12/14/1915, 12/24/1915, 12/28/1915, 12/30/1915. -Cincinnati Commercial Tribune 06/20/1915 -New York Tribune: 11/10/1915, 12/04/1915, 12/17/1915, 12/19/1915. -Masked Marvel to the Rescue, by Ken Zimmerman Jr & Tamara Zimmerman.  

Synopsis One of the 20th century's most important – and most lurid – operas had its American premiere at the Metropolitan Opera on today's date in 1907. Richard Strauss's “Salome” is a faithful setting of Oscar Wilde's play about the decadent Biblical princess who, after her famous “dance of the seven veils,” demands the head of John the Baptist on a silver platter as a reward. She then confesses her love to the severed head and kisses it. This scene, accompanied by Strauss's graphic music, proved too much for early audiences to take. “A reviewer,” wrote The New York Tribune, ”should be an embodied conscience stung into righteous fury by the moral stench with which Salome fills the nostrils of humanity.” The Met cancelled the rest of the scheduled performances, and “Salome” was not staged there again until 1934. Closer to our time, the American composer Terry Riley put a more positive spin on the legend of Salome. In the 1980s, Riley wrote some string quartets collectively titled “Salome Dances for Peace.”  “I conceived my quartets as a kind of ballet scenario,” said Riley, “in which contemporary world leaders like Reagan and Gorbachev are seduced by a reincarnated Salome into realizing world peace.” Music Played in Today's Program Richard Strauss (1864-1949) — Dance of the Seven Veils, from Salome (New York Philharmonic, Lorin Maazel, cond.) DG 7890 Terry Riley (b. 1935) — Good Medicine, from Salome Dances for Peace (Kronos Quartet) Nonesuch 79217

Judge and former President of the Supreme Court, Lady Hale, chooses to nominate the suffragette, businesswoman, and founder of Time and Tide magazine, Margaret Haig Thomas, also known as Lady Rhondda. Born in 1883, Lady Rhondda was brought up an only child, in South Wales, by her feminist parents. She survived the sinking of the Lusitania and sat on the board of 33 companies, becoming, in 1926, the first and to-date only female president of the Institute of Directors. In 1927, the New York Tribune called her ‘the foremost woman of business in the British Empire'. She was also one of the most prominent British feminists of the inter-war years, marching with the Pankhursts and setting fire to a letterbox, for which she was briefly sent to Usk prison. Lady Rhondda was also the founder and editor of the pioneering, hugely influential weekly paper Time and Tide, which featured women's perspectives and essays by literary greats from Orwell to Bernard Shaw and Virginia Woolf. The Former President of the Supreme Court, Brenda Hale, believes Lady Rhondda's most important lesson is "that there are always new battles to be fought...You must never give up. You must always go on." With expert insight from Angela V. John, Honorary Professor of History. Produced by Ellie Richold for BBC Audio in Bristol

This week we're traveling back to 1920s France with A Very Long Engagement! Join us to learn about the amazing story of that time the president of France fell out of a train in his pajamas, the No Man's Land, WWI-era aircraft, the Paris Flood of 1910, and more! Sources: Film Background: Rotten Tomatoes, A Very Long Engagement: https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/a_very_long_engagement_2004 Roger Ebert Review: https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/a-very-long-engagement-2004 Liza Bear, "Jean-Pierre Jeunet, With a Distaste for War, on His Bittersweet 'A Very Long Engagement'", IndieWire: https://www.indiewire.com/2004/11/jean-pierre-jeunet-with-a-distaste-for-war-on-his-bittersweet-a-very-long-engagement-78528/ Execution and the No Man's Land: Nicholas Atkin, Petain. Routledge, 1998. Self Harm and Hand Wounding, National Archives, UK: https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/education/resources/loyalty-dissent/self-harm-hand-wounding/ John Sweeney, "Lest We Forget: The 306 'Cowards' We Executed in the First World War," The Guardian: https://www.theguardian.com/world/1999/nov/14/firstworldwar.uk William A. Pelz, "Protest and Mutiny Confront Mass Slaughter: Europeans in WWI," A People's History of Modern Europe, Pluto Press. Steven R. Welch, "Military Justice," The International Encyclopedia of the First World War, Available at https://encyclopedia.1914-1918-online.net/article/military_justice Bentley B. Gilbert and Paul P. Bernard, "The French Army Mutinies of 1917," The Historian 22, 1 (1959) Douglas Gill and Gloden Dallas, "Mutiny in Etaples Base in 1917," Past and Present 69, 1975. Airpower in WWI: Malcolm Cooper, "The Development of Air Policy and Doctrine on the Western Front, 1914-1918," Aerospace Historian 28, 1 (1981) "Who Killed the Red Baron?" Nova, available at https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/redbaron/race-nf.html Ellen Castelow, "WWI: The Battle for the Skies," available at https://www.historic-uk.com/HistoryUK/HistoryofBritain/World-War-One-The-Battle-for-the-Skies/ The 1910 Paris Flood: Nalina Eggert, "When Paris was under water for two months," BBC News 3 June 2016, https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-36443329 The Guardian, "Flooding in Paris in 1910," 7 January 2010, https://www.theguardian.com/weather/gallery/2010/jan/07/paris-france-great-flood-1910 Ishaan Tharoor, "What Paris looked like the last time floods were this bad," The Washington Post 3 June 2016, https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2016/06/03/what-paris-looked-like-the-last-time-floods-were-this-bad/ Paul Simons, "The great Paris flood of 1910," The Times (London), 19 February 2020, https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/the-great-paris-flood-of-1910-3rmlz22mw Pierre-Alain Roche, "The Seine River Flooding in the Ile-de-France Region" OECD https://www.oecd.org/env/cc/33995401.pdf The Sisseton weekly standard. (Sisseton, Roberts County, S.D.), 18 Feb. 1910. Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers. Lib. of Congress. https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn99062049/1910-02-18/ed-1/seq-9/ The Spokane press. [volume] (Spokane, Wash.), 28 Jan. 1910. Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers. Lib. of Congress. https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn88085947/1910-01-28/ed-1/seq-1/ The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.), 07 Feb. 1910. Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers. Lib. of Congress. https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn88085187/1910-02-07/ed-1/seq-1/ Associated Press, "Grim Specter Stalks Over Paris," Weekly Journal Miner 2 February 1910 (Prescott, AZ), https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85032923/1910-02-02/ed-1/seq-1/ United Press, "Paris Flood Now Abating; Fight to Prevent Disease," Perth Amboy Evening News (Perth Amboy, NJ) 29 January 1910, https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85035720/1910-01-29/ed-2/seq-1/ "Scientific American, ""Lessons of the Paris Flood."" 102, no. 6 (February 5, 1910): 118. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26008227 " President Deschanel and the Train: Edwin L. James, "Deschanel Escape Thrills France," The New York Times 25 May 1920, https://nyti.ms/323VKcW Laurence Hills, "M. Deschanel Escapes Death," The Sun and the New York Herald 25 May 1920, https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83030273/1920-05-25/ed-1/seq-1/ Ralph Courtney, "President of France Falls From Fast Train at Night," New York Tribune 25 May 1920, https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83030214/1920-05-25/ed-1/seq-1/ Associated Press, "Deschanel in Pajamas Falls Off Moving Train," Evening Public Ledger Philadelphia, PA, 24 May 1920, https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83045211/1920-05-24/ed-1/seq-1/ "French President Falls From Moving Train But Is Not Missed for 40 Miles," The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]), 24 May 1920. Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers. Lib. of Congress. https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn84026749/1920-05-24/ed-1/seq-1/ https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/a-very-long-engagement-2004 https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0344510/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Very_Long_Engagement

Hello Interactors,This is the last full week of fall and so the last episode on economic geography. Happy early winter solstice everyone. Soon we in the North start tilting toward the sun. I’ve learned a ton this season and hope you have too. Today I conclude with a summarization of the history and effects of capitalism as we know it today and offer a glimpse at alternatives. We like easy answers to hard problems, but I’m here to tell you it’s messy and complex. And that’s just the good stuff.As interactors, you’re special individuals self-selected to be a part of an evolutionary journey. You’re also members of an attentive community so I welcome your participation.Please leave your comments below or email me directly.Now let’s go…THE URGENCY OF CRYPTOCURRENCYCryptocurrency was trending as a topic again this fall. It spiked in October. I still see residual evidence of this in my social media feeds where debates rage on over whether it’s a legitimate form of currency or just a speculator’s delight.Cryptocurrency was invented to circumvent the juggernaut that banks, governments, and credit card companies hold on the currency market. But the more it gets legitimized as an alternative currency, the more interested these traditional institutions become. For example, one form of cryptocurrency rising in popularity are stablecoins. It’s a digital currency that can be converted into ‘real’ money and is issued by the very institutions the inventors were hoping to circumvent. It seems there is no escaping Western economic dominance.Money in the U.S. is commonly believed to come from the government, but most greenbacks issued today come from banks. They order currency from the Federal Reserve based on public demand which is then put into general circulation – which is growing worldwide. In fact, there are more U.S. dollars circulating outside of the U.S. than in it. Much of which is used by people struggling financially around the globe.Meanwhile, those not struggling are using cash less and less. Recently, some New York retailers even attempted to go cashless. It prompted the city to pass a law requiring food establishments to accept cash or face a $1,000 fine.Still, increasingly we see people paying for items with their phone. In this digital, post-cash society it’s easy to imagine an alternative virtual currency sneaking in. If our democracy can be challenged, why not our currency? A recent New York Times article by Peter Coy on the slipping grip of cash notes that “Some economists believe there is a risk that we’ll someday find ourselves with nothing that is universally accepted as a medium of exchange.” He goes on to remind us that is was Socrates who “originated the concept of a noble lie, which is a myth that elites propagate for what they view as the good of the public.” He then quotes Michael Dorf of the Cornell Law School who believes “the solidity of money is one such lie.”The truth is, alternative currencies and economies exist all around us and have for centuries. For example, in a district of central London call Brixton, where David Bowie once lived, shops no longer accept the British Pound. Instead they take an alternative currency called the Brixton Pound that features a picture of Bowie on a paper bill that is as nicely designed and proportioned as Bowie himself.It’s been in circulation since 2009 and 250 area shops accept it. Workers in Brixton also get paid with it and you can even settle your utility bills with it. It’s a hyper-local monetary scheme that incentivizes local residents to shop local, buy local, and live local. The Brixton Pound has inspired cities across the UK to do the same and now Bristol, Cardiff, Hull, Liverpool, and Plymouth all have their own alternative local currencies.Many schemes like this exist outside of the Western world too – and they’re often not tied to the dominant currency system. For example, there’s a settlement on the outskirts of Nairobi, Kenya called Bangladesh. Not to be confused with the country of Bangladesh. It was named after an early settler who unexpectedly packed up and moved to Bangladesh never to return. The area was hence called Bangladesh. It’s a poor informal settlement made of self-made homes and little to no infrastructure, yet is home to over 20,000 people. They work at nearby industries at the fringe of Nairobi doing odd jobs regularly paid workers refuse to do.Many are well educated, but work is intermittent and there are more qualified workers than there are jobs. It leads to extreme poverty, apathy, and strife. One local teacher in the Peace Corps, Will Ruddick, became frustrated that he was graduating kids with no where to go. He said many of whom were more skilled academically than many he’d witnessed at Stanford. Ruddick happens to also have a PhD in econophysics – a branch of economics that draws inspiration from the field of physics. He began wondering how he could devise a way for residents in areas like Bangladesh to earn consistent wages doing meaningful work in their community. He wanted ways for them to create and share in their abundance, take charge of their own livelihoods, and build a self-sustaining economic future.So in 2010 he launched an alternative local currency experiment called Eco-Pesa in three informal settlements in Kenya. That experiment became permanent in Bangladesh with the creation of their own currency; the Bangla-Pesa. Unlike the Brixton Pound, this alternative currency can’t be exchanged for the national Kenyan currency. It’s a closed system of money creation that serves one purpose: support a shared willingness among community members to accept and trade money in exchange for goods and services.It has over 2000 members and 220 businesses and has helped fill the settlement with money, eliminate market instability brought on by outside nationalistic forces, provide opportunities for investment, and grow Bangladesh businesses that generate jobs.  He went on to found Grass Roots Economics which is a resource and platform that supports and inspires experiments like his. The platform has launched seven different forms of local currency in poverty stricken informal settlements across Africa, including two in South Africa and one in Congo. Last year the Red Cross leveraged the organization to establish more local currencies during Covid helping to grow the number of registered users of local currencies to over 50,000 people. Ruddick sees no reason why it can’t continue to scale regionally and even nationally. Maybe even across the second largest continent in the world. And he has the track record and models to substantiate his claim.GREAT DIVIDE; WHITE PRIDEThe primary obstacle to such schemes taking hold too pervasively is the default global capitalocentric economic system of the West; a scheme that relies on places like Bangladesh to perpetuate its dominance. It’s a form of power and control that has existed since the spread of European colonialism starting in the 1400s.Europe had yet to be introduced to capitalism. Which means, contrary to popular belief, they didn’t invent it. There’s now ample research pointing to evidence of capitalist trade and profit already occurring across Africa, Asia, and the Americas. Folks like Christopher Columbus would have tripped over these capitalist trade routes as he stumbled his way upon their shores. In fact, it’s more likely European colonial scouts like Columbus were in the untenable position of trying to convince these well established economies that they should allow lowly Europeans to even participate in their capitalistic schemes.The Ming dynasty in China and the Mughal Empire of South Asia would have been two of the more established world centers of economics at the time. Medieval Europe, in comparison, would have looked primitive and backwards by their standards. But over the course of centuries, the Europeans managed to disrupt (often violently) existing capital structures creating what has been called the Great Divergence – a socioeconomic shift in balance to the West.Just how ‘great’ it was is a matter of perspective, of course. To Amer-Europeans it was great. I certainly grew up learning that. I was taught Europeans were fortunate geographically, gifted intellectually, and superior culturally. Their ‘enlightened’ selves rose above the paltry ills of feudal medievalism to erase an embarrassing historical stain. Their inventiveness gave rise to free and fair democracy and capitalism that eventually spread from America’s sea to shining sea. Not so fast.A new book by Anthropologists David Graeber and David Wengrow show compelling evidence that it was actually a visit from the Native American (Huron-Wendat) statesman, Kandiaronk, who planted the seeds of ‘enlightenment’ with European philosophers in his eloquent and observant criticism of European ways. Here is a fragment of a speech he delivered to a group of French philosophers and statesmen in 1703:“I have spent six years reflecting on the state of European society and I still can’t think of a single way they act that’s not inhuman, and I genuinely think this can only be the case, as long as you stick to your distinctions of ‘mine’ and ‘thine’. I affirm that what you call money is the devil of devils; the tyrant of the French, the source of all evils; the bane of souls and slaughterhouse of the living. To imagine one can live in the country of money and preserve one’s soul is like imagining one could preserve one’s life at the bottom of a lake. Money is the father of luxury, lasciviousness, intrigues, trickery, lies, betrayal, insincerity, – of all the world’s worst behaviour. Fathers sell their children, husbands their wives, wives betray their husbands, brothers kill each other, friends are false, and all because of money. In the light of all this, tell me that we Wendat are not right in refusing to touch, or so much as to look at silver?”The heart of Kondiaronk’s critique is what fueled the ‘great divergence.’ Their ‘slaughterhouse of the living’ is what disrupted existing Asian economic dominance. It wasn’t ‘enlightenment’ but well documented, practiced, and executed forms of slavery, racism, and war-instigated establishment of European controlled capitalism. They re-centered economic activity around themselves through force, but convinced themselves, and others to this day, that their actions were justified. The British and American economic geography professor, Eric Sheppard, from UCLA puts it like this:“The stories Europeans told themselves, and imposed on others, amounted to a self justification of their role as a uniquely civilizing force, marginalizing the colonized (from Ireland to India and the Belgian Congo) as less-than-civilized, in order to justify their less than-human treatment by self-described liberals.”In the late 1800s, after the U.S. slaughtered 3,000 Filipinos as part of an overnight raid in the colonization of their land, America’s favorite poet at the time, Rudyard Kipling, wrote a poem that emblemizes the racist, violent, and self-justified imperialistic sentiment of the time:Take up the White Man’s burden— Send forth the best ye breed— Go bind your sons to exile To serve your captives’ need; To wait in heavy harness,On fluttered folk and wild— Your new-caught, sullen peoples, Half-devil and half-child.It was published in the New York Tribune, New York Sun, and San Francisco Examiner. It was also loved by President Theodore Roosevelt who sent a copy of it to his close friend and Massachusetts politician, Henry Lodge, with a note that read:“Rather poor poetry, but good sense from the expansion point of view.”Capitalism is rooted in racism and its emergence was tied to the colonization of captured territories over seas through militaristic invasions. By the time Roosevelt was putting it in practice in the U.S., it was a centuries old well-oiled machine. The rights of European territories to claim sovereignty and organize captured territories first emerged in Europe after the signing of the Treaty of Westfalia in 1648. After 80 years of European territorial and religious wars, this peace treaty forced the Holy Roman Empire to divvy out sovereign states (countries) across Europe and allowed them to also choose their own official religions.This event coincided with the emergence of political economists in Scotland, England, and France who had been debating and writing socioeconomic theories for years. Especially after the visit from Kondiaronk. They seized the opportunity to imbue their concepts with a secular vision that allowed capitalism to thrive between diverse European countries, and religions, for their mutual benefit. One such economic theory to eventually emerge was Adam Smith’s ‘invisible hand.’With a European model of economic abstraction established, it was then tied to government controlled nation-state territories. It was a no-brainer to replicate this model for any remote territory conquered, bartered, and stolen overseas. And just like that, global colonization had taken hold. The emergence of the great divergence.It is from this confluence of events that the Western educated world has come to believe capitalism as conceived in the minds of Enlightened European thinkers. And because they self-justified themselves as intellectually and spiritually superior to other races and religions, including Kondiaronk, they believed, and we’ve been taught, that the European colonial and capitalistic expansion was for the good of humanity.But let’s be honest, this is fantasy. And it’s dangerous to abstract away capitalism from the real and documented horrors of racism, slavery, rape, persecution, theft, exploitation, and extermination that allows it to flourish to this day. It shouldn’t be sanitized as a ‘great divergence.’ It should be chastised as a hate insurgence.With the rise of Trumpism we are witnessing the sheen of capitalist oriented racism shining through decades of opaque but fading layers of failed attempts and promises of liberty and justice for all. And it’s in the spirit of domineering nationalists taking up Kipling’s distant, but misguided, call to accept the ‘White Man’s burden.’ And how much better is the Biden administration when kids captured at the border under Trump still remain in cages like ‘new-caught, sullen peoples, half-devil and half-child.’ In the words of Kondiaronk, “the world’s worst behaviour.”Both the left and the right, who are still smarting from Covid supply chain woes and wringing their hands over increasing inflation, are both viewing the global economic juggernaut their parties helped to construct with suspect for the first time. They’re not alone. Every country in the world is scrambling to reconsider their local economy as it relates to Western capitalistic global domination. No wonder the world is suffering a collective anxiety attack.DON’T CRINGE AT THE FRINGEWe are witnessing an array of identity crisis across the socio-political spectrum. From far right nationalistic white-supremacy authoritarianism to the far left hopes of reconstituting socialist theories of idealized utopias. Both of which are different forms of top-down autocratic attempts at organizing social order and economies – one through neoliberal capitalistic oligarchies and the other through socialistic governmental central control. And because our poor human brains are attracted to binary polars, seek simple answers, and loath the messy middle, we suffer.Meanwhile, fringe experiments in alternative economic schemes continue to flourish as they always have. But some encroach on the establishment more than others. And one in particular operates at a scale big enough to challenge the West’s strangle hold on global economics – China. China’s global Belt and Road Initiative, while China-centric, is also undeniably globally inclusive.They have been dispersing their investments in infrastructure and commodity creation and extraction in a myriad of countries – big and small, rich and poor – around the world since 2013. At home they operate a hybrid Socialist and Capitalist government that then orchestrates attempts at controlling a global economy. If a hybridist socioeconomic experiment is seriously challenging the default world economy of the last 50-60 years, shouldn’t the U.S. and Europe consider conducting experiments of their own? Or has hubris and denial taken too strong of a hold? Only history will tell.It’s safe to say that the days of claiming Western style capitalism and U.S. exceptionalism have been exposed and debunked. Adam Smith’s “invisible hand” has come into the light and it’s empty. And the neoliberal free market economy is anything but free and has financially imprisoned millions for decades. Also gone are the Eurocentric interpretations of history. It’s time we stop insisting that the capitalistic scheme dominating the world today, while not perfect, is the least-bad option and therefore every country must adopt it. It’s rhetoric like this that the global North uses to twist the arms of the poorer global South to align them with their socio-political and economic agenda.  Our beloved binary brains, again, are attracted to global North versus global South battles of theories and victories. The same can be said of East versus West. But most countries caught in this polarization have their own theories, some invented, and some borrowed or influenced – good or bad – by centuries of globalization, education, and financing from the global North. It’s no fun, but we need to wrestle with the messy middle.We in the West are so trained to assess and judge other geographies, cultures, and economies from our ivory towers of exceptionalism – as if surveying a globe from a godly perch – labeling, cataloging, and objectifying human and non-human entities, that we forget the interaction of people and place. As the late great economist, Herb Simon, says, (as illustrated on my about page)Those folks in Kenya stand at the fringe of a global economic system that either ignores them, exploits them, or starves them to death. It’s what it means to be marginalized. But with the help of a friend, they are discovering their plight is largely a reflection of the complexity of the environment in which they find themselves. They have found a way to stand up, recognize and accept the apparent complexity, and act out of respect for each other’s position relative to one another…and the selfish globalized economic apparatus that put them there.Professor Sheppard concludes that he and his Western educated colleagues, “suffer from a particular set of geographical blinders.” He says, “they look at our world in ways that normalize the European perspective on how development happens.” It’s a perspective he’s critical of because it’s a model of economic geography that “fails to deliver on its promise of development for all, everywhere.”He goes on to offer that because Western style capitalism relies on “uneven and asymmetric connectivities” that end up “driving uneven geographical development”, we’ve arrived at a place where the dominant global economic scheme of globalization has failed “at scales ranging from the globe to the neighbourhood.”To help combat his own implicit bias, he planted himself in Jakarta to do his research. “Thinking through Jakarta”, he says, “the raggedy fringes that matter are the hybridity of Indonesia’s political economy, informality and biophysical processes.” Instead of hypothesizing over concepts or proselytizing projects from the canons of capitalism, he’s asking that we recognize, as those in Bangladesh and Brixton did, that “relations with Capitalism are crucial to understanding how” emerging alternative economies embedded on the insides of dominant systems “coevolves with its outsides.”Instead of propagating or placating a dominant global economy, what if we acknowledge, embrace, fertilize, understand, celebrate, and experience alternative economies embedded within or on the fringe of the establishment. After all, these are economies that have been forged through the interaction of people and place whose shared histories have, as Sheppard says, “found them encountering, rather than propagating, Capitalist economic development.”Cryptocurrency is likely to trend again. Our anxiety has us looking for easy answers and social media likes shiny technocratic objects. Meanwhile, I’m rooting for Will Ruddick and his grass roots economies. A humane form of reciprocity that even the brilliant, eloquent, and enlightened Kondiaronk would recognize. And maybe even support. Subscribe at interplace.io

Today in 1963, a black and white cat from the streets of France became the first cat to go into space. She didn't choose to go, of course, but she's a pioneer just the same - and until a few years ago, a greatly underappreciated one. Plus: today in 1922, a girl in Illinois made it to school after being run over by a train?!? Félicette, the First Feline in Space, Finally Got Her Due (How Stuff Works) Et si Félicette, le premier chat dans l'espace, avait bientôt sa statue ? (Le Parisien) Today in 1922: a six year old in Illinois made it to school after being run over by a train (!!!!!!!) (New York Tribune via Twitter) Our Patreon backers are podcasting pioneers --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/coolweirdawesome/message Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/coolweirdawesome/support

Everyone has their favorite holiday, but do you know how your favorite holiday came into being? The answers may surprise you. For instance, in 12th century England, New Year's Day was celebrated on March 25th, but the ancient Celts celebrated their New Year (Sumhain) on November 1st. So why do we now celebrate the New Year on January 1st? And why do we now use the Gregorian Calendar as opposed to the Julian Calendar? Also, did the Druids really use human sacrifices during their celebrations? And why would shepherds be tending their flocks in the middle of December? Did slavery still exist after June 19, 1865? Here in our 30th episode we answer every single one of those questions and much more!Episode Notes:King Numa Pompilius (c. 700 BC) is credited with adding January and February to the old 10-month Roman calendar, but March 1st remained New Year's Day for Romans until the Julian calendar was developed around 45 BC.President Abraham Lincoln did not, in August of 1862, write to Horatio Seymour, former and future Governor of New York, about slavery and the Union, but rather to Horace Greeley, editor of The New York Tribune.  As promised, here is Rebecca's Spotify playlist, “October Songs”. Books:A Brief History of the Calendar by David Harper, PhD, FRASNew Year's Day Wikipedia articleThe Civil War Day by Day by E.B. LongLincoln by David Herbert DonaldHalloween by Ruth Edna KelleyA Brief History of the Druids by Peter Berresford EllisThe Christmas Encyclopedia by William CrumpHistorical Dictionary of Catholicism by William J. CollingeFilm:The Wicker Man (1973) – with Edward Woodward, Diane Cilento

Hugh tells the story of a petty exchange that took place in the pages of the New York Tribune and the Syracuse Post-Standard, and culminated one hundred years ago today. Follow along with the show notes.

This week EO dives into what a perfect society would look like and what it takes to succeed. Artwork: Jovana StekovicLogo:  nydaaaMusic: Home Base Groove by Kevin MacLeod   Casey's Sources: https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/Shangri-lahttps://www.dictionary.com/browse/utopiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurovillehttps://auroville.org/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mirra_Alfassahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sri_Aurobindohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maharishihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auroville#/media/File:Matrimandir_Auroville_Pondicherry.jpghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MatrimandirKaren's Sources:https://archive.vcu.edu/english/engweb/transcendentalism/ideas/letter.html#ripley2https://archive.vcu.edu/english/engweb/transcendentalism/ideas/brhistory.htmlMyerson, Joel, and Brook Farm. “Two Unpublished Reminiscences of Brook Farm.” The New England Quarterly www.jstor.org/stable/364662https://www.thoughtco.com/difference-between-communism-and-socialism-195448Wilson, J. B. “The Antecedents of Brook Farm.” The New England Quarterly www.jstor.org/stable/360529Gohdes, Clarence. “Getting Ready for Brook Farm.” Modern Language Notes Jwww.jstor.org/stable/2912067Delano, Sterling F. “Thoreau's Visit to Brook Farm.” The Thoreau Society Bulletin, no. www.jstor.org/stable/23400775. Myerson, Joel. “Rebecca Codman Butterfield's Reminiscences of Brook Farm.” The New England Quarterly, JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/365824. "Death of Margaret Fuller" New-York Tribune 23 July 1850, page 4https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Fuller#Deathhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Anderson_Danahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_William_Curtis#Workshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_C._Barlowhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgiana_Bruce_Kirbyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Hecker#Cause_for_sainthoodHome Base Groove by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 license. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Source:  http://incompetech.com/music/royalty-free/index.html?isrc=USUAN1100563 Artist:  http://incompetech.com/ 

On Friday's Mark Levin Show, President Biden chose to run for president but would never release his medications list. Despite his many cognitive failures the media continues covering for his obvious decline. Using the guise of a COVID health emergency Biden's senior staff has no problem telling Facebook what social media posts they want to be censored. The fact is there isn't a single case of death related to anyone's Facebook post about the coronavirus. Now, Jen Psaki says if an individual is banned from one social media platform they should be banned from all. What's next, banning talk radio hosts or conservative commentary on cable news? Will dissent or disagreement be labeled as misinformation that kills people too? Then, Karl Marx was viewed as a prolific writer and fancied himself a journalist for the New York Tribune, this is why the Marxists in the media are a disaster and are indeed the enemy of the people. The American media have become special pleaders for the Americanized Marxist movement in various areas of our once open and free society. The silencing of opposition (repression) is their main tactic as they claim ideological purity. Later, Michelle Lette, a member of the Fairfax, VA Parent Teacher Association, called for the critics of critical race theory to be allowed to die. Even some parent groups have been compromised by the teacher unions. Afterward, Candidate for Governor of California, Larry elder, joins the show to discuss his run for Governor of California.

On Friday's Mark Levin Show, President Biden chose to run for president but would never release his medications list. Despite his many cognitive failures the media continues covering for his obvious decline. Using the guise of a COVID health emergency Biden's senior staff has no problem telling Facebook what social media posts they want to be censored. The fact is there isn't a single case of death related to anyone's Facebook post about the coronavirus. Now, Jen Psaki says if an individual is banned from one social media platform they should be banned from all. What's next, banning talk radio hosts or conservative commentary on cable news? Will dissent or disagreement be labeled as misinformation that kills people too? Then, Karl Marx was viewed as a prolific writer and fancied himself a journalist for the New York Tribune, this is why the Marxists in the media are a disaster and are indeed the enemy of the people. The American media have become special pleaders for the Americanized Marxist movement in various areas of our once open and free society. The silencing of opposition (repression) is their main tactic as they claim ideological purity. Later, Michelle Lette, a member of the Fairfax, VA Parent Teacher Association, called for the critics of critical race theory to be allowed to die. Even some parent groups have been compromised by the teacher unions. Afterward, Candidate for Governor of California, Larry elder, joins the show to discuss his run for Governor of California.

3 tháng 7 là ngày gì? Hôm nay là ngày sinh của Tom Cruise SỰ KIỆN 1608 – Thành phố Québec được nhà thám hiểm người Pháp Samuel de Champlain chính thức thành lập. 2005 – Tây Ban Nha trở thành quốc gia thứ ba trên thế giới hợp pháp hóa hôn nhân đồng giới. 1886 - New-York Tribune trở thành tờ báo đầu tiên sử dụng máy kẻ kiểu chữ, loại bỏ việc sắp chữ bằng tay. Sinh Tom Cruise tên thật là Thomas Cruise Mapother IV (sinh ngày 3 tháng 7 năm 1962) là một nam diễn viên và nhà sản xuất người Mỹ. Anh bắt đầu sự nghiệp của mình ở tuổi 19 với bộ phim Endless Love, trước khi nhận được sự chú ý với vai diễn Trung úy Pete "Maverick" Mitchell trong Top Gun. Cruise cũng được biết đến rộng rãi với vai diễn điệp viên Ethan Hunt trong loạt phim Nhiệm vụ bất khả thi. Mất 1290 – Trần Thánh Tông, vị vua thứ hai của nhà Trần 1888 – Nguyễn Đình Chiểu, nhà văn, nhà thơ của Việt Nam (s. 1822). 2020 - Saroj Khan , biên đạo múa Ấn Độ, được biết đến với biệt danh ""Mẹ của vũ điệu / Biên đạo múa ở Ấn Độ"". Bà là nữ biên đạo múa đầu tiên ở Bollywood. Với sự nghiệp kéo dài hơn bốn mươi năm, bà đã biên đạo cho hơn 3000 bài hát. 2006 - Joseph Goguen , nhà khoa học máy tính người Mỹ, đã phát triển ngôn ngữ lập trình OBJ (sinh năm 1941) 1937 - Jacob Schick , thuyền trưởng và doanh nhân người Canada gốc Mỹ, phát minh ra máy cạo râu Chương trình "Hôm nay ngày gì" hiện đã có mặt trên Youtube, Facebook và Spotify: - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/aweekmedia - Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/c/AWeekTV - Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/6rC4CgZ...... #aweektv #1thang7 Các video đều thuộc quyền sở hữu của Adwell jsc, mọi hành động sử dụng lại nội dung của chúng tôi đều không được phép. --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/aweek-tv/message

In 1918, German flying ace Manfred von Richthofen chased an inexperienced Canadian pilot out of a dogfight and up the Somme valley. It would be the last chase of his life. In this week's episode of the Futility Closet podcast we'll describe the last moments of the Red Baron and the enduring controversy over who ended his career. We'll also consider some unwanted name changes and puzzle over an embarrassing Oscar speech. Intro: In the early 1970s, AI researcher James Meehan tried to teach a computer to retell Aesop's fables. In 1983, Jacob Henderson appealed a burglary conviction on the ground that the indictment was illiterate. Sources for our feature on the death of Manfred von Richthofen: Norman Franks and Alan Bennett, The Red Baron's Last Flight: A Mystery Investigated, 1998. Dale M. Titler, The Day the Red Baron Died, 1990. P.J. Carisella and James W. Ryan, Who Killed the Red Baron?, 1969. Dan Hampton, Lords of the Sky: Fighter Pilots and Air Combat, From the Red Baron to the F-16, 2014. Nicolas Wright, The Red Baron, 1977. Floyd Phillips Gibbons, The Red Knight of Germany: The Story of Baron von Richthofen, Germany's Great War Bird, 1959. Bob Gordon, "The Fearless Canadian Flier Who Led the Red Baron to His Death," Aviation History 31:2 (November 2020). O'Brien Browne, "Deadly Duo," Aviation History 24:1 (September 2013), 44-49. O'Brien Browne, "Shooting Down a Legend," MHQ: The Quarterly Journal of Military History 23:2 (Winter 2011), 66. James S. Corum, "The Other Richthofen," World War II 23:3 (August/September 2008) 28-37. Jonathan M. Young, "Against DNIF: Examining von Richthofen's Fate," Air Power History 53:4 (Winter 2006), 20-27. A.D. Harvey, "Why Was the Red Baron's Fokker Painted Red? Decoding the Way Aeroplanes Were Painted in the First World War," War in History 8:3 (July 2001), 323-340. Henning Allmers, "Manfred Freiherr von Richthofen's Medical Record -- Was the 'Red Baron' Fit to Fly?" Lancet 354:9177 (Aug. 7, 1999), 502-504. M. Geoffrey Miller, "The Death of Manfred von Richthofen: Who Fired the Fatal Shot?" Sabretache: The Journal and Proceedings of the Military History Society of Australia 39:2 (June 1998), 16-29. Carl Dienstbach, "Fighting in a Three-Decker Airplane," Popular Science Monthly 93:3 (September 1918), 386-387. Laurence La Tourette Driggs, "Aces Among Aces," National Geographic 33:6 (June 1918), 568-580. Tom Gilling, "Who Shot Down Manfred von Richthofen, Germany's Fearsome 'Red Baron'?" The Australian, March 30, 2021. Catherine and Michael Greenham, "How the Red Baron Met His Fate," [Durban] Mercury, April 30, 2018. "Lord Ashcroft: Why We Should Salute the Red Baron, the German Flying Ace Who Killed 73 British Servicemen," Telegraph, April 22, 2018. Todd Leopold, "Who Really Killed the Red Baron? Account Offers New Wrinkle," CNN, Oct. 19, 2015. Chris Must, "Who Killed the Red Baron?" Smiths Falls [Ont.] EMC, April 9, 2009. Brian Bergman, "Wings of a Hero," Maclean's 118:7 (Feb. 14, 2005), 37. Randy Boswell, "Red Baron Was a 'Sitting Duck,'" Vancouver Sun, Sept. 21, 2004. Evan Hadingham, "Who Killed the Red Baron?" NOVA, September 2003. "Red Baron Kill Questioned," [Sarnia, Ont.] Observer, Feb. 5, 2003. "Capt. Richthofen Killed: On This Day, 23 April 1918," Times, April 23, 1996. Donald Jones, "Did He or Didn't He Kill the Red Baron," Toronto Star, Dec. 1, 1990. Kathryn Watterson, "War Ace Still Bears Witness to History," New York Times, Oct. 9, 1988. William E. Burrows, "Here He Is in His Fokker Triplane -- The Red Baron," New York Times, April 7, 1968. "Capt. Brown, Flyer, Killed Richthofen," New York Times, March 10, 1944. "Who Killed Richthofen?" [Brisbane, Qld.] Courier-Mail, Dec. 8, 1937 T.A. Trevethan, "The Killing of Richthofen," Brisbane Courier, Feb. 20, 1930. A. Roy Brown, "My Fight With Richthofen," Minneapolis Sunday Tribune, June 3, 1928. Floyd Gibbons, "The Red Knight of Germany," [Washington D.C.] Evening Star, June 13, 1927. "Says Canadians Shot Richthofen in Lines," New York Times, Nov. 29, 1925. Harold Callender, "Knightly Foemen Honored in War," New York Times, Nov. 29, 1925. "Richthofen's Fate," [Adelaide] Register, March 4, 1925. "Slayer of Von Richthofen," New York Times, June 10, 1918. "Who Killed Richthofen?" [Sydney] Daily Telegraph, April 26, 1918. "Honor Richthofen," New York Times, April 25, 1918. "Richthofen Died With Bullet in Heart Fighting in the Air," New York Tribune, April 24, 1918. "Who Killed the Red Baron?" NOVA, June 2, 2013. Amanda Rebbeck, "Who Killed the Red Baron?" Australian War Memorial, Feb. 6, 2008. Listener mail: "Icelandic Name," Wikipedia (accessed June 18, 2021). "Patronymic," Wikipedia (accessed June 18, 2021). Andie Sophia Fontaine, "Two Icelandic Sisters Fight to Determine Their Own Surnames," Reykjavik Grapevine, Oct. 14, 2019. Jon Henley, "Icelandic Girls Can't Be Called Harriet, Government Tells Family," Guardian, June 26, 2014. "Harriet Finally Gets Her Passport," Iceland Monitor, Aug. 28, 2015. "Dweezil Zappa," Wikipedia (accessed June 18, 2021). This week's lateral thinking puzzle was contributed by listener Kelly Schoettlin, who sent this corroborating link (warning -- this spoils the puzzle). You can listen using the player above, download this episode directly, or subscribe on Google Podcasts, on Apple Podcasts, or via the RSS feed at https://futilitycloset.libsyn.com/rss. Please consider becoming a patron of Futility Closet -- you can choose the amount you want to pledge, and we've set up some rewards to help thank you for your support. You can also make a one-time donation on the Support Us page of the Futility Closet website. Many thanks to Doug Ross for the music in this episode. If you have any questions or comments you can reach us at podcast@futilitycloset.com. Thanks for listening!

In 1917, two young cousins carried a camera into an English dell and returned with a photo of fairies. When Arthur Conan Doyle took up the story it became a worldwide sensation. In this week's episode of the Futility Closet podcast we'll tell the story of the Cottingley Fairies, a curiosity that would remain unexplained for most of the 20th century. We'll also remember a ferocious fire and puzzle over a troublesome gnome. Intro: Poet Harry Graham found "a simple plan / Which makes the lamest lyric scan." In the 1920s, Otto Funk fiddled across the United States. Sources for our feature on the Cottingley fairies: Jason Loxton et al., "The Cottingley Fairies," Skeptic 15:3 (2010), 72B,73-81. Russell Miller, The Adventures of Arthur Conan Doyle: A Biography, 2008. Arthur Conan Doyle, The Coming of the Fairies, 1922. Timothy R. Levine, Encyclopedia of Deception, 2014. Jerome Clark, Encyclopedia of Strange and Unexplained Physical Phenomena, 1993. Joe Cooper, "Cottingley: At Last the Truth," The Unexplained 117 (1982), 2338-2340. A. Conan Doyle, "The Cottingley Fairies: An Epilogue," Strand 65:2 (February 1923), 105. Kaori Inuma, "Fairies to Be Photographed!: Press Reactions in 'Scrapbooks' to the Cottingley Fairies," Correspondence: Hitotsubashi Journal of Arts and Literature 4 (2019), 53-84. Douglas A. Anderson, "Fairy Elements in British Literary Writings in the Decade Following the Cottingley Fairy Photographs Episode," Mythlore 32:1 (Fall/Winter 2013), 5-18. Bruce Heydt, "The Adventure of the Cottingley Fairies," British Heritage 25:2 (May 2004), 20-25. Helen Nicholson, "Postmodern Fairies," History Workshop Journal 46 (Autumn 1998), 205-212. Michael W. Homer and Massimo Introvigne, "The Recoming of the Fairies," Theosophical History 6 (1996), 59-76. Alex Owen, "'Borderland Forms': Arthur Conan Doyle, Albion's Daughters, and the Politics of the Cottingley Fairies," History Workshop 38 (1994), 48-85. "The First, and Best Known, of the Cottingley Fairy Photographs," Nature 346:6281 (July 19, 1990), 232. "Away With the Fairies," Country Life, Nov. 11, 2020, 128-129. Leslie Gardner, "Notes on Mr S. F. Sanderson's Presidential Address, 21 March 1973, on 'The Cottingley Fairy Photographs,'" Folklore 86:3/4 (Autumn-Winter 1975), 190-194. S.F. Sanderson, "The Cottingley Fairy Photographs: A Re-Appraisal of the Evidence," Folklore 84:2 (Summer 1973), 89-103. David Barnett, "Fairy Tales," Independent, March 28, 2021. "Cottingley Fairies: How Sherlock Holmes's Creator Was Fooled by Hoax," BBC News, Dec. 5, 2020. "Cottingley Fairies Fake Photos to Go Under the Hammer," Guardian, March 31, 2019. Edward Sorel, "The Spiritual Life of Arthur Conan Doyle," New York Times, Dec. 28, 2018. "One Hundred Years on From the Famous Cottingley Hoax, Why People Still Believe in Fairies," Yorkshire Post, Feb. 13, 2018. Emily Hourican, "A Country Devastated by War, a Famous Author Desperate to Believe in the Spiritual World and Two Little Girls Who Borrowed a Camera ... the Fascinating Story of the Cottingley Fairies," Belfast Telegraph, Sept. 2, 2017. Hazel Gaynor, "Inside the Elaborate Hoax That Made British Society Believe in Fairies," Time, Aug. 1, 2017. David Barnett, "Why Do So Many People Still Believe in the Cottingley Fairies?" Telegraph, July 17, 2017. Mark Branagan, "Academic's Daughter: Curse of Cottingley Fairies Destroyed My Poor Father's Life," Express, Jan. 15, 2017. Sarah Freeman, "How the Cottingley Fairies Cost My Parents Their Marriage," Yorkshire Post, Dec. 28, 2016. Martin Wainwright, "Obituary: Joe Cooper: He Got the Cottingley Fairy Fakers to Confess," Guardian, Aug. 25, 2011. Chris Cheesman, "Obituary: Geoffrey Crawley: Photographic Scientist Who Played a Key Role in Debunking the Cottingley Fairies," Guardian, Nov. 16, 2010. Rick Whelan, "The Enchanting and Phony Cottingley Fairies," [Stratford] Beacon Herald, Nov. 11, 2010. "Geoffrey Crawley: Photographic Expert and Journalist Who Exposed the Myth of the Cottingley Fairies That Had Been Championed by Arthur Conan Doyle," Times, Nov. 10, 2010. Margalit Fox, "Geoffrey Crawley, 83, Dies; Gently Deflated a Fairy Hoax," New York Times, Nov. 6, 2010. James Johnston, "Memorabilia of 'Fairies' Hoax for Auction," Scotsman, March 12, 2001. Mel Hunter, "Fairy Tales," Birmingham Post, March 6, 2001. Vicki Goldberg, "Photography View; Of Fairies, Free Spirits and Outright Frauds," New York Times, Feb. 1, 1998. "Famous Fairy Photos 'Fakes,'" Canberra Times, March 21, 1983. "Shows Photo of Elves: English Theosophist Here to Lecture on 'Coming of the Fairies,'" New York Times, Feb. 3, 1927. "Has Conan Doyle Gone Mad?" [Perth] Mirror, Jan. 13, 1923. "'The Coming of the Fairies' Made Real by Conan Doyle," New York Tribune, Oct. 15, 1922. "Hoax or Revelation?" Illustrated London News 161:4352 (Sept. 16, 1922), 444. Frank Conroy, "Fairies Photographed," New York Times, Jan. 2, 1921. Naomi Rea, "Faked 'Fairy' Photographs From a Famous 20th-Century Hoax Could Fetch $90,000 at Auction," artnet, April 2, 2019. Karen Sayers, "The Cottingley Fairies: A Study in Deception," Leeds University Library, Oct. 28, 2020. Colin Harding, "Griffiths, Frances, (1907–1986)," Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Sept. 1, 2017. Listener mail: "The King's Cross Fire," London Fire Brigade (accessed June 9, 2021). "Medical Detectives (Forensic Files) - Season 8, Episode 42 - Flashover," YouTube, March 24, 2016 (video). "King's Cross Fire," Wikipedia (accessed Jun. 9, 2021). "Trench Effect," Wikipedia (accessed June 9, 2021). "Flashover," Wikipedia (accessed June 9, 2021). Ryan Meeks, "Gail Halvorsen, aka the 'Candy Bomber,' Has Recovered From COVID-19," KSL News Radio, Jan. 24, 2021. "Rhoticity in English," Wikipedia (accessed June 12, 2021). "Rhotic," Merriam-Webster (accessed June 12, 2021). "Microcosm: Portrait of a Central European City," Wikipedia (accessed June 12, 2021). "Wroclaw, Breslau, Vratislav ... One City, Many Names," In Your Pocket, July 23, 2020. This week's lateral thinking puzzle was contributed by listener Rohan Bassett. It's based on an item in Steven Levy's 2011 book In the Plex. You can listen using the player above, download this episode directly, or subscribe on Google Podcasts, on Apple Podcasts, or via the RSS feed at https://futilitycloset.libsyn.com/rss. Please consider becoming a patron of Futility Closet -- you can choose the amount you want to pledge, and we've set up some rewards to help thank you for your support. You can also make a one-time donation on the Support Us page of the Futility Closet website. Many thanks to Doug Ross for the music in this episode. If you have any questions or comments you can reach us at podcast@futilitycloset.com. Thanks for listening!

Does image-based media make us think less about our principles and ideals, and more about pursuing mere appearances? Daniel J. Boorstin thought so. In his book, The Image: A Guide to Pseudo-Events in America, Boorstin breaks down why “The Graphic Revolution,” has built a world where our fantasies are more real than our reality. In this book summary, I'll explain why Boorstin says, “By sharpening our images we have blurred all our experience.” Pseudo-events The thirtieth anniversary of a hotel is coming up. They reach out to leaders in the community to form a committee: A banker, a society matron, a lawyer, a preacher. The committee plans a banquet to celebrate the thirty years of service the hotel has given the community. They invite journalists to the banquet to take photos and report it in the newspapers. This hotel's anniversary banquet is what Boorstin calls a “pseudo-event.” Pseudo-events have these four qualities: Pseudo-events are planned, not spontaneous. Pseudo-events are created so they can be reported. Pseudo-events are only ambiguously related to reality. Pseudo-events are self-fulfilling. The event is evidence of the thing the event was planned to illustrate. The thirtieth anniversary banquet didn't happen spontaneously: The hotel created a committee for it. The main reason to have the banquet was to generate press. If the hotel was so valuable, would they have to task members of the community with planning the banquet? It was hardly real. But since this contrived banquet happened, it served as evidence that the hotel was, in fact, valuable to the community. The Graphic Revolution Boorstin blames the proliferation of pseudo-events on what he calls “The Graphic Revolution,” or our rapidly-growing ability create and disseminate imagery. The Graphic Revolution was cited, by the way – as a trigger to our departure from long-form text – in Neil Postman's Amusing Ourselves to Death, which I summarized on episode 252. The foundation of The Graphic Revolution was built when the telegraph was first applied to news reporting in the 1830s and 40s. The first American newspaper was monthly, but when information could suddenly be transferred around the world in seconds, news became a product to be manufactured. The Associated Press was founded in 1848, making news a salable commodity. As printing technology became more sophisticated – such as the New York Tribune's press, which in the 1870s could print 18,000 papers per hour – the capital required to run a newspaper meant it made good business sense to find more and more news to report. The American Civil and Spanish-American Wars, while newsworthy events, made the news machine bigger and more hungry, leaving more space to fill with pseudo-events once the real events subsided. As the term “Graphic Revolution” implies, graphics were a part of the proliferation of news. The first photograph that appeared in a newspaper was published in 1880. But also, audio is a part of the Graphic Revolution. The phonograph was invented in 1877, followed by radio broadcasts in 1900. The birth of Readers' Digest In 1922, De Witt and Lila Acheson Wallace used scissors and paste to put together the first issue of their magazine, in a one-room basement office in Greenwich Village. They carried the magazine copies to the post office and mailed them. It was an instant success. The Wallaces were able to start Reader's Digest with almost no money, because they didn't need editors or writers. De Witt simply went to the New York Public Library, and wrote summaries of articles in the magazines there. Reader's Digest became more popular than the magazines it was summarizing. In fact, it was nearly twice as popular as America's second-most popular magazine. Reader's Digest became so popular, that – according to the company's official historian – they had to help the magazines they were summarizing stay in business. To do this, they would write a short summary of an article. They would then write the article and place it in another magazine. At one point, more than half of summaries published in Reader's Digest were of articles they had placed in other magazines. The copy is more real than the original As Boorstin says, ”The image, more interesting than its original, has itself become the original.” The runaway success of Reader's Digest was a symptom that reading had become not about reading – it had instead become about creating the perception of being “well-informed.” People wanted to browse the summaries to feel that they were aware of what information was out there, not to learn anything from the information itself. As the Graphic Revolution and our ability to reproduce images has strengthened, copies have become more real to us than originals. We go to an art exhibit to see the original of the painting we've seen copies of – visitors to a Gauguin exhibit once complained that colors in the original paintings were less-brilliant than the reproductions they were used to. Movies became important in about 1910, often reproducing stories found in novels – by 1917, Publishers' Weekly was writing about “cinema novels.” In the 1880s, you could only enjoy music if you or someone near you was playing an instrument. By the 1930s, Muzak was mashing together 24-hour mixes of sound to be played in businesses as “background music.” At one point, streaming their “muzak” made them the largest user of telephone networks. And yes, bloggers like myself gain traffic by attracting readers to summaries of books, such as The Image, by Daniel J. Boorstin. Images beget images The proliferation of imagery creates demand for that imagery, which drives demand for pseudo-events. This shapes our culture, driving us away from our principles. Pseudo-events are in higher demand than actual spontaneous events for several reasons: Pseudo-events can be planned to be more dramatic. Pseudo-events are easier to spread (you can have the news release ready to go before the pseudo-event happens – Boorstin points out it should be called a news “holdback”). Pseudo-events are easily repeated. Pseudo-events cost money to produce, so there's more incentive to spread them (the publicist wants to show results, the client wants those results, the journalists need something to write about). Pseudo-events make more sense (they are planned, after all). Pseudo-events are more memetic. They have elements people want to spread. Pseudo-events are social currency. Knowing about pseudo-events happening in the world becomes a test of being “informed” – something that's encouraged on the societal level. Pseudo-events spawn other pseudo-events. The effects of pseudo-events As pseudo-events spread in our image-based media, they change what we value in our culture. Pseudo-events affect who we look up to in society, how we travel, and what art we value. Pseudo-events and heroes Pseudo-events shape whom we choose as heroes. We used to choose heroes based upon their accomplishments, and how those accomplishments represented our ideals. Now we choose our heroes based upon how they appear in media – are they in the news a lot, and do they project an image in which we see ourselves? I shared in my Amusing Ourselves to Death summary that early U.S. Presidents wouldn't have been recognized on the street. We didn't know them by their images – we knew them by the words they wrote or said. Demagogues such as Mussolini, Stalin, or Hitler show what we get when we seek someone who fits our image of a “Great Leader.” Today, our heroes are our celebrities. We don't make them famous because they are great – we think they are great because they are famous. Celebrities know that to be celebrities they need to get in the news and stay there. They create pseudo-events of themselves, including intensifying their images by publicizing relationships between one another. Meanwhile, dead people who deserve to be heroes fall into the background – they won't hire a publicist, and journalists get nothing out of writing about them. Pseudo-events and travel Pseudo-events have shaped the way we travel. The word “travel” used to mean the same as “travail.” In other words, travel meant trouble, work, and torment. We love that we can easily get directly to our destination, and bypass any places that might be along the way. We calculate distance not in miles, but in hours. We don't move through space, we move through time. We expect the faraway to be familiar, and we expect the nearby to be exotic. But travel used to be travailing. It meant spending time with strangers and strange cultures. It meant getting lost and being disoriented. But the capital required to build railroads and then highways meant we needed more people traveling. And to get more people to travel, we had to make travel less travailing. Travel has become a tautology. At the time Boorstin wrote The Image, in 1962, that meant traveling to Mount Sinai to see where they filmed the movie The Ten Commandments – or traveling to Rome to see if the Trevi Fountain really looks like it did in the movie Three Coins in the Fountain. Today, we go to see the places we've seen on Instagram, then take a selfie to…post to Instagram. Pseudo-events and movies I already mentioned how novels were made into movies, which then spawned novels written to become movies. The mass-distribution of actors in movies spawned the star system. Movie-goers wanted to see stars with a distinctive look, such as Mary Pickford's golden curls or Charlie Chaplin's bowed legs and cane. By being put on film, actors no longer get direct feedback from their audiences. Actors aren't tested by how well they interpret the story – the story is tested by how well it displays the actor. The “bestselling” book is a pseudo-event The publishing industry became driven by what Boorstin calls best-sellerism. The Bookman was a literary journal that turned the idea of the best-seller into an institution, around the turn of the century. Printing books costs money, so publishers started planning “reprints” before they even released the originals. A paperback publisher wouldn't plan their paperback until they had a contract to print the hardback. The hardback publishers wouldn't print a hardback until they had a contract to print the paperback. Either contract served as evidence the book was popular, which would drive sales. Booksellers only wanted to order new books they were sure would be bestsellers. Yet the public became so obsessed with purchasing bestsellers, bookstores couldn't carry the really big bestsellers. Retail stores like Macy's would sell them below cost to attract customers, thus making bookstores unable to compete. We want to be deceived Pseudo-events are so ubiquitous in every part of our life, we've come to expect them. We actually want to be deceived. We expect the advertising we encounter to be hyperbolic and non-sensical. Maybe we want to see the originals of the photoshopped model not to change our unrealistic expectations, but rather to marvel at the work that goes into deceiving us? Consider that Schlitz advertised their beer bottles were steam-sterilized, which boosted their sales, or that Lucky Strike advertised the tobacco in their cigarettes was toasted. Nevermind that all beer bottles were already steam sterilized, and all cigarettes toasted. The claim by Ivory soap that their soap is 99.4% pure is just a little modest, so as to be believable nonsense. Are we pursuing images, or are we living life? Boorstin may sound like he wants people to get off his lawn – and he does write with a shrill tone much of the time. But much like Marshall McLuhan would say two years later in Understanding Media, which I summarized on episode 248, Boorstin is mostly trying to make us aware of our own illusions. Boorstin's concern is mostly that, “We fill our lives not with experience, but with the images of experience.” Neil Postman later built on Boorstin's ideas to warn in Amusing Ourselves to Death, that image-based media was devolving our discourse into nonsense. A final quote from Boorstin: Chewing gum is the television of the mouth. There is no danger so long as we do not think that by chewing gum we are getting nourishment. But the Graphic Revolution has offered us the means of making all experience a form of mental chewing gum. There's your The Image: A Guide to Pseudo-events in America summary I hope you enjoyed this summary of The Image: A Guide to Pseudo-events in America, and lest your reading experience consist only of summaries, check out the full book. I personally found it to be a great history of media and publishing. It's one of the major classics of media theory – a must-read for anyone who creates media. The Mind Management, Not Time Management audiobook is here! Listen to the Mind Management, Not Time Management audiobook free with an Audible trial, or search for the audiobook on your favorite platform. About Your Host, David Kadavy David Kadavy is author of Mind Management, Not Time Management, The Heart to Start and Design for Hackers. Through the Love Your Work podcast, his Love Mondays newsletter, and self-publishing coaching David helps you make it as a creative. Follow David on: Twitter Instagram Facebook YouTube Subscribe to Love Your Work Apple Podcasts Overcast Spotify Stitcher YouTube RSS Email Support the show on Patreon Put your money where your mind is. Patreon lets you support independent creators like me. Support now on Patreon »     Show notes: http://kadavy.net/blog/posts/the-image-a-guide-to-pseudo-events-in-america-daniel-j-boorstin/

Unitarian Margaret Fuller was truly a woman ahead of her time. A contemporary to Emerson, Parker and other Transcendentalists, she was every bit their equal. At the New York Tribune, she became the first full-time book reviewer in American journalism and its first female editor. What is her legacy today? This service includes original music composed and performed by Alex Pietsch: "Dance Under the Moon" and Through the Mist" Intro/Outro music courtesy of Tim Moor at Pixabay To learn more about the Unitarian Universalist Metro Atlanta North congregation of Roswell, GA, please visit our website: https://www.uuman.org/

Hugh reads two long pieces from the Salt Company of Onondaga printed in the Syracuse Daily journal and the New-York Tribune 150 years ago today. Follow along with the show notes.

A tale as old as time, but not in a good way.  For more old timey crimey content, check out the Patreon and see what extras you can get for a few bucks a months! Or check out our Amazon Wishlist to buy us a book--making the episode topic YOUR CHOICE! Don't forget to follow the show FB, Insta, or Twitter.  WE HAVE MERCH! https://www.redbubble.com/people/oldtimeycrimey/shop  Other Shows:  Short Story, Short Podcast: https://open.spotify.com/show/3q2moJE65wLBf0zFjqhMhu?si=3zbTwhkIQnOYVqbd_TmZYQ  Detectives by the Decade: https://linktr.ee/detectivesbythedecade  Huge thanks to Podcorn for sponsoring this episode. Explore sponsorship opportunities and start monetizing your podcast by signing up here: https://podcorn.com/podcasters/  Huge thanks to Best Fiends for sponsoring this episode.  Sources: Chuck D’Imperio. NYupstate.com. https://www.newyorkupstate.com/adirondacks/2016/04/grace_brown_murder_big_moose_inn_adirondacks_ny_chester_gillette.html https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodore_Dreiser, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cortland,_New_York https://www.adirondack.net/history/grace-brown/ Kate Welshofer. https://www.katewelshofer.com/love-relationships/old-murder-modern-love-lessons-learned-from-the-original-cool-girl/ Jessica Ryen Doyle. Utica Observer-Dispatch. https://www.uticaod.com/article/20080113/news/301139940 Syracuse Herald. New York Tribune via LOC. NY Sun, Press and Sun-Bulletin, Buffalo Enquirer, Brooklyn Citizen via Newspapers.com https://www.newspapers.com/image/164182508/?terms=%22grace%20brown%22&match=1 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murder_of_Grace_Brown https://heathermonroe.medium.com/the-tragic-death-of-grace-brown-da714f6c2a30 https://murderpedia.org/male.G/g/gillette-chester.htm https://www.adirondackexperience.com/blog/2014/10/adirondack-ghost-story https://mysteriousuniverse.org/2021/03/a-murder-a-haunting-and-the-mysterious-death-of-grace-brown/ Music:  Evil Plan by Kevin MacLeod  Link: https://incompetech.filmmusic.io/song/3725-evil-plan  License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/  Breaktime by Kevin MacLeod  Link: https://incompetech.filmmusic.io/song/3457-breaktime  License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ 

On today's date in 1889 at New York’s Chickering Hall, a 28-year-old American composer named Edward MacDowell played the solo part at the premiere performance of his Piano Concerto No. 2. The critic of The New York Tribune confessed he derived keener pleasure from MacDowell’s Concerto than he had from the Fifth Symphony of Tchaikovsky, another new work that had just premiered in New York that year. Others compared MacDowell's Concerto favorably to those of Brahms. Ah, the fickle finger of fame — today MacDowell’s music is taken to task for exactly the reasons it was praised during his lifetime. Critics back then LIKED the fact that MacDowell’s music reminded them of famous European composers like Schumann or Grieg, while today’s critics complain it’s not “original” enough. But in his day, MacDowell was a major figure on the American music scene. At age 36, he became the first professor of music at Columbia University and served as the president of the newly formed Society of American Musicians and Composers. He arranged for his summer home in New Hampshire, now known as the MacDowell Colony, to become a working retreat for composers, which it remains to this day.

On today's date in 1889 at New York’s Chickering Hall, a 28-year-old American composer named Edward MacDowell played the solo part at the premiere performance of his Piano Concerto No. 2. The critic of The New York Tribune confessed he derived keener pleasure from MacDowell’s Concerto than he had from the Fifth Symphony of Tchaikovsky, another new work that had just premiered in New York that year. Others compared MacDowell's Concerto favorably to those of Brahms. Ah, the fickle finger of fame — today MacDowell’s music is taken to task for exactly the reasons it was praised during his lifetime. Critics back then LIKED the fact that MacDowell’s music reminded them of famous European composers like Schumann or Grieg, while today’s critics complain it’s not “original” enough. But in his day, MacDowell was a major figure on the American music scene. At age 36, he became the first professor of music at Columbia University and served as the president of the newly formed Society of American Musicians and Composers. He arranged for his summer home in New Hampshire, now known as the MacDowell Colony, to become a working retreat for composers, which it remains to this day.

It only took 15 minutes for the New York Crystal Palace, a beautiful building made of iron and glass, to burn to the ground. Financially insolvent and falling apart, New York City's Crystal Palace had seen better days. New management attempted to save the beautiful edifice, but its ruin was too far gone. What had once been a glamorous tourist attraction became a decrepit mess. New York City considered selling it for scraps, or moving the building to Philadelphia, but the screws that kept it together had rusted, making the Crystal Palace too expensive to even take apart. It was almost a blessing when a fire--which was blamed on arson but was more likely the rest of some cost-saving compromises on the gas lines--burned the building to the ground. But, as the New York Tribune said: "We shall never have another Crystal palace. Its glorious dome . . . is no more; its galleries, its treasures, its magnificent expanses indispensable to the mass-gatherings of this great metropolis--its superb memories are all gone, and gone forever." Highlights include: • PT Barnum's attempts to save the Crystal Palace • An elevator safety demonstration that involved repeatedly cutting the cord • An exclusive gala organized by conmen and ending in a brawl between ultra-wealthy guests • How a sensation like the Crystal Palace could have been forgotten For the shownotes, sources, and pics of the Crystal Palace, visit buriedsecretspodcast.com. Follow on instagram @buriedsecretspodcast E-mail at buriedsecretspodcast@gmail.com. 

In 1759, ghostly rappings started up in the house of a parish clerk in London. In the months that followed they would incite a scandal against one man, an accusation from beyond the grave. In this week's episode of the Futility Closet podcast we'll tell the story of the Cock Lane ghost, an enduring portrait of superstition and justice. We'll also see what you can get hit with at a sporting event and puzzle over some portentous soccer fields. Intro: In 1967 British artists Terry Atkinson and Michael Baldwin offered a map that charts its own area. In 1904 Henry Hayes suggested adding fake horses to real cars to avoid frightening real horses. Sources for our feature on the Cock Lane Ghost: Douglas Grant, The Cock Lane Ghost, 1965. Oliver Goldsmith, "The Mystery Revealed," in The Works of Oliver Goldsmith, Volume 4, 1854. James Boswell, The Life of Samuel Johnson, LL.D., Volume 1, 1791. Charles MacKay, Memoirs of Extraordinary Popular Delusions and the Madness of Crowds, 1852. Andrew Lang, Cock Lane and Common-Sense, 1894. Roger Clarke, A Natural History of Ghosts: 500 Years of Hunting for Proof, 2012. Henry Addington Bruce, Historic Ghosts and Ghost Hunters, 1908. Jennifer Bann, "Ghostly Hands and Ghostly Agency: The Changing Figure of the Nineteenth-Century Specter," Victorian Studies 51:4 (Summer 2009), 663-685, 775. Gillian Bennett, "'Alas, Poor Ghost!': Case Studies in the History of Ghosts and Visitations," in Alas Poor Ghost, 1999, 139-172. Richard Whittington-Egan, "The Accusant Ghost of Cock Lane," New Law Journal 141:6487 (Jan. 18 1991), 74. Howard Pyle, "The Cock Lane Ghost," Harper's New Monthly Magazine 87:519 (August 1893), 327-338. María Losada Friend, "Ghosts or Frauds? Oliver Goldsmith and 'The Mystery Revealed,'" Eighteenth-Century Ireland / Iris an dá chultúr 13 (1998), 159-165. H. Addington Bruce, "The Cock Lane Ghost," New York Tribune, July 14, 1907. "The Cock Lane Ghost," Warwick [Queensland] Argus, Dec. 22, 1900. "The Ghosts of London," New York Times, Sept. 10, 1900. "The Cock-Lane Ghost," [Sydney] Evening News, Aug. 25, 1894. "The Cock Lane Ghost," Maitland [N.S.W.] Weekly Mercury, March 10, 1894. "The Rochester Ghost," Alexandria [Va.] Gazette, April 27, 1850. Thomas Seccombe, "Parsons, Elizabeth [called the Cock Lane Ghost], (1749–1807)," Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Sept. 23, 2004. Listener mail: "Death of Brittanie Cecil," Wikipedia (accessed Jan. 13, 2021). L. Jon Wertheim, "How She Died," Sports Illustrated, April 1, 2002. J. Winslow and A. Goldstein, "Spectator Risks at Sporting Events," Internet Journal of Law, Healthcare and Ethics 4:2 (2006). Steve Rosenbloom, "Hit by Puck, Girl Dies," Chicago Tribune, March 20, 2002. Tarik El-Bashir, "Girl Struck Puck Dies," Washington Post, March 20, 2002. Connor Read et al., "Spectator Injuries in Sports," Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness 59:3 (March 2019), 520-523. Bob Shepard, "Heads Up: UAB Does First-Ever Study of Spectator Injuries at Sporting Events," University Wire, Nov. 29, 2018. "Father of Girl Killed by His Errant Golf Ball Says: 'How It Happened, I Cannot Explain'," Associated Press, Sept. 21, 2019. Pat Ralph, "What Happens After 'Fore'? Injured Fans Face Legal Hurdles in Golf-Ball Lawsuits," Golf.com, Oct. 9, 2018. Marjorie Hunter, "Ford, Teeing Off Like Agnew, Hits Spectator in Head With Golf Ball," New York Times, June 25, 1974. "'First Off the Tee': White House Golf Tales," NPR, May 1, 2003. Todd S. Purdum, "Caution: Presidents at Play. Three of Them," New York Times, Feb. 16, 1995. "Ford, Bush Tee Off on Golf Spectators," Los Angeles Daily News, Feb. 16, 1995. Kevin Underhill, "Missouri Supreme Court Hears Hot-Dog-Flinging Case," Lowering the Bar, Nov. 13, 2013. Kevin Underhill, "Bad News for Dog-Flinging Mascots," Lowering the Bar, Jan. 16, 2013. Kevin Underhill, "Jury Clears Mascot in Hot-Dog-Flinging Case," Lowering the Bar, June 24, 2015. Listener Tim Ellis, his daughter, and an errant puck. This week's lateral thinking puzzle was contributed by listener Jesse Onland. Here's a corroborating link (warning -- this spoils the puzzle). You can listen using the player above, download this episode directly, or subscribe on Google Podcasts, on Apple Podcasts, or via the RSS feed at https://futilitycloset.libsyn.com/rss. Please consider becoming a patron of Futility Closet -- you can choose the amount you want to pledge, and we've set up some rewards to help thank you for your support. You can also make a one-time donation on the Support Us page of the Futility Closet website. Many thanks to Doug Ross for the music in this episode. If you have any questions or comments you can reach us at podcast@futilitycloset.com. Thanks for listening!

Colorado. 1883. Alfred Packer is standing trial. His alleged crime? Luring five men into the mountains with the intention of murdering them and stealing their belongings, then eating their bodies when food ran out. London. 2021. Casting Lots Podcast is here to answer the question once and for all: Alfred Packer, guilty or not guilty? TRANSCRIPT https://castinglotspod.home.blog/2021/01/21/s2-e8-land-part-vi---alfred-packer/ CREDITS With thanks to Emily for transcription help. Written, hosted and produced by Alix Penn and Carmella Lowkis. Theme music by Daniel Wackett. Find him on Twitter @ds_wack and Soundcloud as Daniel Wackett. Logo by Riley. Find her on Twitter and Instagram @tallestfriend. Casting Lots is part of the Morbid Audio Podcast Network. Network sting by Mikaela Moody. Find her on Bandcamp as mikaelamoody1. BIBLIOGRAPHY Adams, C. (1874). ‘A party of miners on the plains kill and eat each other’, National Republican, 26 May, p. 5. Available at: https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn86053573/1874-05-26/ed-1/seq-5/#words=Packer Bailey, D.P. (2009). ‘Solving the American West's Greatest Mystery: Was Alferd Packer Innocent of Murder?’ [PDF] Available at: https://web.archive.org/web/20130117101738/https://www.museumofwesternco.com/media/cms/includes/pathways_article_packer_solve.pdf Benson, K. and M. Benson. (2000). Alfred “Alferd” Packer. Available at: https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/785/alfred-packer Colorado State Library. (n.d.) Alferd Packer: Notorious Cannibal. Available at: https://www.coloradovirtuallibrary.org/digital-colorado/colorado-histories/beginnings/alferd-packer-notorious-cannibal/ Colorado Tourism Office. (n.d.) Alfred Packer. Available at: https://lakecity.com/alfred-packer/ Curry, A. (2002). ‘Case of the Colorado Cannibal’, Archaeology, 55(3). Available at: https://archive.archaeology.org/0205/abstracts/cannibal.html Daily Arizona Silver Belt. (1907). ‘Scout who ate human flesh dies’, Daily Arizona Silver Belt, 27 April, p. 1. Available at: https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn87082863/1907-04-27/ed-1/seq-1/#words=Alfred+Packer Di Stefano, D. (2006). ‘Alfred Packer’s World: Risk, Responsibility, and the Place of Experience in Mountain Culture, 1873-1907’, Journal of Social History, 40(1), pp. 181-204. Available at: https://www.jstor.org/stable/4491860 Dobson, G.B. (n.d.) Fort Fetterman. Available at: http://www.wyomingtalesandtrails.com/fetterman.html Elk County Advocate. (1874). ‘A White Cannibal’, Elk County Advocate, 1 October, p. 4. Available at: https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn84026259/1874-10-01/ed-1/seq-4/ Herald and Tribune. (1885). ‘A cannibal’s trial’, Herald and Tribune, 19 November, p. 1. Available at: https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85033429/1885-11-19/ed-1/seq-1/ History.com Editors. (2020). ‘“Colorado Cannibal” Alferd Packer is paroled’, History, 6 January. Available at: https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/cannibal-alfred-packer-is-paroled Idaho Semi-Weekly World. (1883). ‘The Colorado ghoul’, Idaho Semi-Weekly World, 1 May, p. 2. Available at: https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn84022135/1883-05-01/ed-1/seq-2/ Kansas City Journal. (1897). ‘Packer asks pardon’, Kansas City Journal, 12 September, p. 11. https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn86063615/1897-09-12/ed-1/seq-11/ Las Vegas Daily Gazette. (1883). ‘Callous cannibal’, Las Vegas Daily Gazette, 18 March, p. 1. Available at: https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn90051703/1883-03-18/ed-1/seq-1/#words=Alfred+Packer Las Vegas Daily Gazette. (1883). ‘Packer packed’, Las Vegas Daily Gazette, 14 April, p. 1. Available at: https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn90051703/1883-04-14/ed-1/seq-1/ Museums of the San Luis Valley and Southern Colorado. (n.d.). Alferd Packer - “The Colorado Cannibal”. Available at: https://www.museumtrail.org/alferd-packer.html National Republican. (1883). ‘An American cannibal’, National Republican, 13 April, p. 1. Available at: https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn86053573/1883-04-13/ed-1/seq-1/ Neihart Herald. (1899). ‘Alfred Packer, the “man eater”’, Neihart Herald, 12 August, p. 2. Available at: https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85053323/1899-08-12/ed-1/seq-2/#words=Alfred+Packer New York Tribune. (1886). ‘Eating the bodies of men’, New York Tribune, 7 August, p. 1. Available at: https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83030214/1886-08-07/ed-1/seq-1/ Omaha Daily Bee. (1901). ‘Alfred Packer is paroled’, Omaha Daily Bee, 9 January, p. 1. Available at: https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn99021999/1901-01-09/ed-1/seq-1/ Rautman, A.E. and T.W. Fenton. (2005). ‘A Case of Historic Cannibalism in the American West: Implications for Southwestern Archaeology’, American Antiquity, 70(2), pp. 321-341. Available at: https://doi.org/10.2307/40035706 Salt Lake Herald. (1892). ‘Packer, the man-eater!’, Salt Lake Herald, 16 December, p. 1. Available at: https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85058130/1892-12-16/ed-1/seq-1/ Schechter, H. (2015). Man-Eater. London: Head of Zeus. Simpson, A.W.B. (1981). ‘Cannibals at Common Law’, The Law School Record, 27, pp. 3-10. Available at: https://chicagounbound.uchicago.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1002&context=crosskey_lectures True Northerner. (1886). ‘The Colorado Cannibal’, True Northerner, 19 August, p. 3. Available at: https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85033781/1886-08-19/ed-1/seq-3/ Washington Times. (1907). ‘Colorado’s “man eater” dies on lonely ranch before pardon comes’, Washington Times, 27 April, p. 6. Available at: https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn84026749/1907-04-27/ed-1/seq-6/#words=Alfred+Packer Weiser-Alexander, K. (2020). Alfred Packer – Colorado Cannibal. Available at: https://www.legendsofamerica.com/alfred-packer/ Yale Expositor. (1900). ‘An odd case revisited’, Yale Expositor, 23 March, p. 5. Available at: https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn98066406/1900-03-23/ed-1/seq-5/#words=Alfred+Packer Yost, M. (2015). ‘The Gruesome taste of Colorado: Alfred Packer the Colorado Cannibal’, Out Front Magazine, 21 October. Available at: https://www.outfrontmagazine.com/trending/the-gruseome-taste-of-colorado-alfred-packer-the-colorado-cannibal/

It's being reported that Trump is preparing to issue as many as 100 pardons. This surprises exactly no one, as it's a fitting last act of a president who has been largely lawless during his four years in office. But what are the consequences for the people who decide to accept a pardon from Trump? The Supreme Court answered that question in 1915 in the case of George Burdick v. The United States. Mr. Burdick was the editor of the New York Tribune who refused to accept a pardon from President Woodrow Wilson. The Supreme Court ruled that Mr. Burdick was well within his right to refuse the pardon because accepting a pardon carries with it "an imputation of guilt and a confession" that you committed the crime for which you are pardoned. This is an important doctrine because those "confessions" by individuals who accept Trump's pardons can actually come back to haunt them in a number of ways. Here's how . . .  Support the show (http://www.patreon.com/glennkirschner) Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

It's being reported that Trump is preparing to issue as many as 100 pardons. This surprises exactly no one, as it's a fitting last act of a president who has been largely lawless during his four years in office. But what are the consequences for the people who decide to accept a pardon from Trump? The Supreme Court answered that question in 1915 in the case of George Burdick v. The United States. Mr. Burdick was the editor of the New York Tribune who refused to accept a pardon from President Woodrow Wilson. The Supreme Court ruled that Mr. Burdick was well within his right to refuse the pardon because accepting a pardon carries with it "an imputation of guilt and a confession" that you committed the crime for which you are pardoned. This is an important doctrine because those "confessions" by individuals who accept Trump's pardons can actually come back to haunt them in a number of ways. Here's how . . . Support the show (http://www.patreon.com/glennkirschner)

Richard Harding Davis was an American newspaper reporter and witnessed the German army's march through the city. This excerpt is from Richard Harding Davis' account from his book, Richard Harding Davis: His Day (1933). It is slightly different than the one reported by the New York Tribune but the feeling is the same. We join his account as he sits at a boulevard cafe waiting for the German arrival:"The change came at ten in the morning. It was as though a wand had waved and from a fete-day on the Continent we had been wafted to London on a rainy Sunday. The boulevards fell suddenly empty. There was not a house that was not closely shuttered. Along the route by which we now knew the Germans were advancing, it was as though the plague stalked. That no one should fire from a window, that to the conquerors no one should offer insult, Burgomaster Max sent out as special constables men he trusted. Their badge of authority was a walking-stick and a piece of paper fluttering from a buttonhole. These, the police, and the servants and caretakers of the houses that lined the boulevards alone were visible.At eleven o'clock, unobserved but by this official audience, down the Boulevard Waterloo came the advance-guard of the German army. It consisted of three men, a captain and two privates on bicycles. Their rifles were slung across their shoulders, they rode unwarily, with as little concern as the members of a touring-club out for a holiday. Behind them so close upon each other that to cross from one sidewalk to the other was not possible, came the Uhlans [cavalry], infantry, and the guns. For two hours I watched them, and then, bored with the monotony of it, returned to the hotel. After an hour, from beneath my window, I still could hear them; another hour and another went by. They still were passing.Boredom gave way to wonder. The thing fascinated you, against your will, dragged you back to the sidewalk and held you there open-eyed. No longer was it regiments of men marching, but something uncanny, inhuman, a force of nature like a landslide, a tidal wave, or lava sweeping down a mountain. It was not of this earth, but mysterious, ghostlike. It carried all the mystery and menace of a fog rolling toward you across the sea. The German army moved into Brussels as smoothly and as compactly as an Empire State express. There were no halts, no open places, no stragglers. For the gray automobiles and the gray motorcycles bearing messengers one side of the street always was kept clear; and so compact was the column, so rigid the vigilance of the file-closers, that at the rate of forty miles an hour a car could race the length of the column and need not stop - for never did a single horse or man once swerve from its course.All through the night, like a tumult of a river when it races between the cliffs of a canyon, in my sleep I could hear the steady roar of the passing army. And when early in the morning I went to the window the chain of steel was still unbroken. It was like the torrent that swept down the Connemaugh Valley and destroyed Johnstown. This was a machine, endless, tireless, with the delicate organization of a watch and the brute power of a steam roller. And for three days and three nights through Brussels it roared and rumbled, a cataract of molten lead. The infantry marched singing, with their iron-shod boots beating out the time. They sang Fatherland, My Fatherland. Between each line of song they took three steps. At times 2000 men were singing together in absolute rhythm and beat. It was like blows from giant pile-drivers. When the melody gave way the silence was broken only by the stamp of iron-shod boots, and then again the song rose. When the singing ceased the bands played marches. They were followed by the rumble of the howitzers, the creaking of wheels and of chains clanking against the cobblestones, and the sharp, bell-like voices of the bugles.More Uhlans followed, the hoofs of their magnificent horses ringing like thousands of steel hammers breaking stones in a road; and after them the giant siege-guns rumbling, growling, the mitrailleuses [machine guns] with drag-chains ringing, the field-pieces with creaking axles, complaining brakes, the grinding of the steel-rimmed wheels against the stones echoing and re-echoing from the house front. When at night for an instant the machine halted, the silence awoke you, as at sea you wake when the screw stops.For three days and three nights the column of gray, with hundreds of thousands of bayonets and hundreds of thousands of lances, with gray transport wagons, gray ammunition carts, gray ambulances, gray cannon, like a river of steel, cut Brussels in two."

In 1931, a 93-year-old widow was discovered to be hoarding great wealth in New York's Herald Square Hotel. Her death touched off an inquiry that revealed a glittering past -- and a great secret. In this week's episode of the Futility Closet podcast, we'll tell the story of Ida Wood, which has been called "one of the most sensational inheritance cases in American history." We'll also revisit the Candy Bomber and puzzle over some excessive travel. Intro: Lyndon Johnson's family shared initials. In 1915, Arthur Guiterman sparred with Arthur Conan Doyle over Sherlock Holmes' antecedents. Sources for our feature on Ida Wood: Joseph A. Cox, The Recluse of Herald Square: The Mystery of Ida E. Wood, 1964. Robert H. Sitkoff and Jesse Dukeminier, Wills, Trusts, and Estates, 10th edition, 2017. Renee M. Winters, The Hoarding Impulse: Suffocation of the Soul, 2015. John V. Orth, "'The Laughing Heir': What's So Funny?", Real Property, Trust and Estate Law Journal 48:2 (Fall 2013), 321-326. St. Clair McKelway, "Annals of Law: The Rich Recluse of Herald Square," New Yorker, Oct. 24, 1953. Karen Abbott, "Everything Was Fake but Her Wealth," smithsonianmag.com, Jan. 23, 2013. Phil Gustafson, "Who'll Pick up the Pieces?", Nation's Business 38:3 (March 1950), 56. LJ Charleston, "The Story of the Rich New York Socialite Who Hid in a Hotel Room for 24 Years," news.com.au, July 29, 2019. Frank McNally, "Fascinating Ida," Irish Times, Oct. 17, 2019. "Hibernian Chronicle: The Mayfield Mystery Solved," Irish Echo, Feb. 17, 2011. Joseph A. Cox, "She Hid Her Wealth -- And a Strange Past," Australian Women's Weekly, July 6, 1966, 28. Peter Lyon, "Mrs. Wood's Rubbish Pile," New York Times, Oct. 4, 1964. "Finds Heirs, Gets $30,000," New York Times, July 2, 1941. "Meets Ida Wood 'Heirs'," New York Times, March 6, 1938. "Ida Wood Estate Hearing Dec. 20," New York Times, Nov. 18, 1937. "Fortune Fight Bares Name Hoax," Associated Press, Sept. 16, 1937. "406 Claimants Out as Ida Wood Heirs," New York Times, Sept. 1, 1937. "She Carried a Fortune Around Her Waist," St. Louis Post-Dispatch, Jan. 5, 1936, 59. "$92,293 Estate Left by Mrs. F.E. Whistler," New York Times, Dec. 14, 1932. "Reports Locating Ida Wood's Heirs," Associated Press, Dec. 7, 1932. "Mrs. Ida Wood Dies at 93 of Pneumonia," New York Times, March 13, 1932. "Recluse to Seek 'Rest of Money,'" [Washington D.C.] Evening Star, Oct. 14, 1931. "Old Lady's Kin Vie at Law for Her Fortune," Associated Press, Oct. 13, 1931. "Benjamin Wood Dead," New-York Tribune, Feb. 22, 1900. Listener mail: Cathy Free, "World War II-Era 'Candy Bomber' Turns 100. Those Who Caught His Candy -- Now in Their 80s -- Say Thanks," Washington Post, Oct. 13, 2020. Lee Benson, "As Utah's Candy Bomber Turns 100, His Sweet Story Remains Timeless," Deseret News, Oct 4, 2020. "Gov. Gary Herbert Declares October 10th as Gail S. Halvorsen Recognition Day," Utah Department of Veterans and Military Affairs, Oct. 10, 2020. Safe-T-Pull. "Safe-T-Pull™ Pro -- Muddy Sugar Beet Harvest," (video), Safe-T-Pull, Jan. 21, 2014. "Will cold temperatures damage my refrigerator," Garage Journal, March 2, 2012. "What to Wear in the Winter Conditions," Hôtel de Glace (accessed Dec. 25, 2020). This week's lateral thinking puzzle was devised by Greg. Here's a corroborating link (warning -- this spoils the puzzle). You can listen using the player above, download this episode directly, or subscribe on Google Podcasts, on Apple Podcasts, or via the RSS feed at https://futilitycloset.libsyn.com/rss. Please consider becoming a patron of Futility Closet -- you can choose the amount you want to pledge, and we've set up some rewards to help thank you for your support. You can also make a one-time donation on the Support Us page of the Futility Closet website. Many thanks to Doug Ross for the music in this episode. If you have any questions or comments you can reach us at podcast@futilitycloset.com. Thanks for listening!

Good Morning, Colorado, and welcome to the Daily Sun-Up. It’s Wednesday December 23rd, and we’re feeling lucky to start the day with you. Join us daily for an in-depth look at one of our top stories, and a quick summary of other important things happening in our state. Today - After avalanches kill three experienced skiers in two days Colorado plans to ramp up messaging, But how to reach experienced backcountry travelers is an age-old debate.  Before we begin, let’s take a look at what happened on this day in Colorado history - adapted from Derek R Everett’s book “Colorado Day by Day”: Today, we take you back to December 23rd, 1869 when agricultural innovator Nathan C Meeker convened a meeting to organize a farming colony in Colorado Territory, Meeker worked for the New York Tribune editor Horace Greeley, who supported the effort to recruit residents. Now, our feature story.  Heading into this backcountry ski season, state officials have joined avalanche educators and search-and-rescue teams in a vocal campaign.  They’re urging backcountry skiers to plan and be prepared for travel in avalanche terrain.  Backcountry retail shops and avalanche gear manufacturers are reporting record sales. Avalanche education classes and clinics are swelling to record numbers.  Last Friday, Ethan Greene’s team at the Colorado Avalanche Information Center capped a week of warnings detailing an increasingly touchy snowpack. Two days later, three very experienced backcountry skiers were dead in two avalanches.  Colorado Sun reporter Jason Blevins  is joining us today to talk about how this season is different, why it’s more dangerous, and what happened last weekend. Jason, thank you so much. To start, how many avalanches have we seen recently? And how does that compare to the past few years, and of course, what’s the cause? Can you tell us about these three skiers? So, they were pretty experienced skiers, right? And does that align with the research that’s coming out of The Colorado Avalanche Information Center? So what are Green and his team doing to educate people about this? Thanks, Jason Last week’s spike in human-caused avalanches surpassed previous records set in January 2015, January 2012 and December 2013. The slides weren’t giants, but they were very easy to trigger. How to reach experienced travelers is an age-old debate. Veterans can grow complacent, especially in areas where they ski often. The sketchy snowpack isn’t going to change anytime soon. The layer of sugary, faceted crystals near the ground is not going anywhere. And new snow piled on top will make that weak layer a big factor in avalanches for the rest of the season. Thanks for listening. Before we go here are a few stories you should know about today: Frisco restaurateur Bob Starekow got some devastating news last week. His federal Paycheck Protection Program loan came with unexpected strings. Colorado health officials are not currently planning to change the state’s priority list for coronavirus vaccination, despite new recommendations from a federal committee. A top employee at Denver-based Dominion Voting Systems, filed a defamation lawsuit Tuesday against President Donald Trump’s 2020 reelection campaign, the president’s personal attorney, former New York Mayor Rudy Giuliani, and the conservative media outlet Newsmax, among others. The Justice Department is suing Walmart, alleging the company unlawfully dispensed controlled substances through its pharmacies, helping to fuel the opioid crisis in America. For more information on all of these stories, visit our website, www.coloradosun.com. Now, a quick message from our editor. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

-William Henry Fry, born a Philadelphian in 1813... or 1815... well it seems no one really knows for sure. But, either is close enough for us. Though it might seem a foreign concept to us, being able to hear great music in the 19th century was completely dependent on an orchestra or opera company actually putting on the performance, geographically nearby, on an evening when you could go, assuming you could afford a ticket. No internet, YouTube, obviously. Philadelphia was great for Fry in this regard. In the 1830s, a French opera troupe toured to Philly and performed French opera sung in French, in addition to some other standards of the repertoire, like Rossini's _La Gazza Ladra_. Multiple Italian opera companies came through with similar programming. These and many other experiences available to him in Philadelphia led to Fry not only taking composition lessons, but also having some early overtures and even operas performed. - Professionally, however, Fry took up the family business of journalism. His father founded the Philadelphia _National Gazette_, and later working as a foreign correspondent for the _Public Ledger_ and _New York Tribune_, Fry was able to spend 3 years in Paris (6 years total in Europe). Well, being the industrious man that he was, he took advantage of that time, soaking in as much music and culture as he could.- It also seems he soaked in a little arrogance as well! He constantly compared Paris to Philly and America generally. Particularly, in this quote… again this is a quote(!), Fry is very cutting: “Philadelphia is a Quaker abortion as regards plan; New York a Dutch monstrosity; Boston a Puritancial fright… When the groveling, penny-scraping, health destroying folly that blotted out the only dash of Beauty born of the narrow spirit which planned Philadelphia—the Centre Park—which changed that pretty little circle of verdure and trees into four square what-nots… which are a disgrace to Philadelphia and human nature, when that beggarly abortion which should be gibbeted as a criminal against good taste… shall be changed, a new birth shall be given to Democracy and the strength and splendor which royalty has conferred on Paris, social justice shall spread over our community. Perhaps if the Tuileries Gardens were in Philadelphia some money grub would vote for cutting it up to admit vehicles through, or worse even, for city lots.” As you can tell, the man had a lot to say…- At any rate, Fry did return to the US and lived out his life as news editor, critic, and composer. He relentlessly criticized audiences for wanting European-centric only programming, while championing American music. He even found time to do a series of music history lectures.- As for Fry's compositions, many were lost upon his death. What remains is more than enough to fill out a musical sketch of the man at any rate.- Notably, Fry wrote an opera titled _Leonora_, and upon it's production in 1845 it became the first grand opera written by an American composer. He additionally wrote 2 other operas, _Aurelia the Vestal_ and _Notre-Dame of Paris_. - An interesting quote by Fry on opera: “Rightly to hear and enjoy an old opera, we should place ourselves, so far as possible, in the circle of thought, artistic and general, of the period at which it was produced. With such mobility we may, to a degree, see with the eyes and hear with the ears of generations gone by.”- This thinking actually endears me to this man, as my personal, preferred production of a Mozart opera includes wigs and corsets. It's not for everyone, and the modern thinking is to “update” all visual elements. But the dated scenery and costumes helps me enter the moment and the time period and disassociate from the present.- Fry wrote as many as 7 symphonies, or that's what he calls them. They are really tone-poems, each one heavily programmatic, much shorter than expected, and usually not structured much like any symphony I know of. More on that later...- The 2 most famous ones, _Niagara_, also written in 1854, which we will discuss shortly, and the Santa Claus: Christmas Symphony, of 1853. The Christmas Symphony is quite unique. Fry calls for a saxophone, which is possibly the first use of the instrument in an orchestral setting. Like, the saxophone had only been invented like 10 years earlier, and no one had yet thought about putting it in a symphony. The piece is full of instrumental solos, even one for double bass! Not at all as memorable as Mahler's bass solo in the 3rd movement of his 1st symphony, but still unusual. The piece is very engaging, and dramatically ends with Adeste Fideles, or Oh Come All Ye Faithful as it is better known.####Culture- As I mentioned, Fry wrote Niagara for a “Grand Musical Congress” at New York's Crystal Palace. Now, the Crystal Palace has an interesting, though short, history. It was erected in 1853, aaaaaand burned down in 1858, so not much could come of the 5 years it existed. Patterned after London's own building of the same name, this one was also built with iron and glass, in the shape of a Greek cross with a 100 ft dome atop the center. - This performance was in fact the 2nd opening of the Crystal Palace after the initial opening ceremony was apparently a dud, which included hours of musical performances and political speeches—including an appearance by President Franklin Pearce—in addition to the art and sculpture exhibition. In Fry's review of the original he doesn't hold back either: “The various speeches delivered on the occasion were attentively listened to by a select body of hearers, but the immense space of the Crystal Palace with its two floors and the multitudinous partial partitions, prevented the great mass present from hearing. The bad and vulgar American habit of talking and walking on such occasions, added also to the difficulty of catching what the speakers said... The effect produced upon the audience by the music foreshadows the success of keeping up that source of enjoyment for the Million as long as the Exhibition may be kept open.” In other words, Fry is saying why would they care how the music sounds as long as the politicians get to speak!- So, this Grand Musical Congress for the 2nd opening was to be an overwhelming event. One review at the time described it as quote “unit[ing] in one grand ensemble the elite of the instrumental celebrities of Europe and America, together with the great choral societies, solo singers, etc., of Boston, New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore, Cincinnati, etc., etc.—to the number of some fifteen hundred performers”. And of course this kind of grandiose event could only come from the mind of one P.T. Barnum, the newly appointed President of the Crystal Palace.- As a featured composer of this 2nd event and a music critic with the New York Tribune, Fry got completely on board. He even elevated the event and the building to the level of the Greek Gods(!), asserting that the Crystal Palace quote “may be considered the Olympian festival of the Nineteenth Century.” Well, that's one way to promote the event anyway!- Fry was to have 2 pieces performed on this concert: the Adagio from “The Breaking Heart” and our subject du jour, the Niagara Symphony, which does in fact bear the dedication “Composed for the Musical Congress at the Crystal Palace of New York.” However, since there is only one known review of the performance, and that review only mentions the Adagio, we are NOT even certain that the Niagara Symphony was performed at all! Well... I guess that's technically true, but there is no other reason to doubt that it wasn't performed either. And despite that, as we will see, the piece itself is thematically 100% in line with the event and all of its pomp and frills.###Analysis of piece####Overall scope- The _Niagara_ Symphony is certainly large in effect, meaning to evoke the visual and aural scene of the Falls themselves. But, it is by no means one of Fry's largest works, like his opera Leonora and the more well known _Santa Claus_ Symphony. What the piece does is showcase Fry's penchant for experimentation and visually evocative writing. The first rarity is the orchestration, calling for 5 timpanists playing 11 drums! ... Then, just as oddly, he calls for 2 “bass brass instruments”, specifying “tubas, ophicleides, bombardones... using very high register.” I had to look up the bombardone... it's essentially the bottom range trombone, with the same range of a tuba! I have no idea how feasible this was at the time, but certainly today we would just use 2 tubas, similar to replacing the 2 serpentines Berlioz' calls for in his _Symphonie Fantastique_. ####Excerpts- Now, lets hear excerpts of the piece itself.- A dull murmur of timpani rolls begins the piece, and as if turning a small bend in the water to take full view of the falls, the music builds quickly to a grand climactic fanfare- Then just as quickly, this climax erupts into confusion, running chromatic scales, even in the trumpets!, possibly representative of the rocky ride over the waves toward the falls 『play chromatics』- After yet another climactic crash (of waves, maybe?), the sound finally calms, opening up to a surprisingly stately, contrasting theme. Though, the timpani rolls persist beneath throughout, foreshadowing what is to come- In a moment of compositional brilliance, Fry creates a way of ending this stately theme and moving back to the drama of the falls, all while keeping the listener visually “in the boat” so to speak. Before fully ending the section, there are four rousing interjections, followed by stillness, only the ever rolling timpani heard. Only then, after rising tremello and brass chords does he finally arrive at a recap of the beginning fanfare- Now we get another moment of real creativity and real brilliance Fry. After repeating much of the opening material again, at a moment of tight dissonance and tension, Fry creates a distant sounding echo of this moment, and quietly ends the piece in oblivion. In the score, Fry specifically says of the ending measures “Retard these eight bars very much at the second time of playing them to produce a continued monotony of effect.”###Closing- This is truly a unique piece, even now. Even if you've never been to Niagara Falls, Fry's work is engaging and vivid.- Like I said earlier, no matter what he calls it, this really isn't a Symphony, or at least as designed by Haydn and perfected by Beethoven. And Fry spent enough time studying Art Music that he knew very well what a Symphony was. Maybe it was more of a marketing idea? Or possibly he had intended the pieces to be longer, originally?- At any rate, the entire piece is worth enjoying, in totality, as it is, no matter the title.Music:Niagara SymphonyBy: William Henry FryPerformed by: Tony Rowe; Royal Scottish National OrchestraCourtesy of Naxos of America, Inc.Support this podcast at — https://redcircle.com/american-muse-podcast/donationsAdvertising Inquiries: https://redcircle.com/brandsPrivacy & Opt-Out: https://redcircle.com/privacy

YESTERDAY’S NEWS -- Tales of classic scandals, scoundrels and scourges told through vintage newspaper accounts from the golden age of yellow journalism...The Lawrence/Foster/Disbrow AffairEpisode 423 delves into a love triangle gone awry. When two sides of the triangle, including an expert swimmer and sailor, are found drowned dead in a Long Island bay, suspicion immediately falls upon the third, even though the coroner declares the whole thing an accident.Culled from the historic pages of The New York World, The Brooklyn Daily Eagle, The New York Tribune, and other newspapers of the era.***A creation Of Pulpular MediaAlso from Pulpular Media:Portals to Possibility, an improvised mock-talk show that proves you don’t have to be human to be good people. Visit pulpular.com/portals2 for a brand-new episode.Catastrophic Calamaties, Exploring the famous and forgotten disasters of the 19th and 20th centuries. What could go wrong? Everything! Some listeners choose to support this podcast by checking in at the Safe House at www.patreon.com/truecrimehistorian, to get early access, exclusive content, and whatever personal services you require.Some listeners don’t want to pledge monthly support but just want to send a few bucks this way. You can do that at www.buymeacoffee.com/crimehistorian. You can also subscribe to a $5 monthly or $50 annual membership!***Musical contributors include Nico Vitesse, Lucia La Rezza, Joyie, Danielle Mo, and Dave Sams.Some music and sound effects licensed from podcastmusic.com.Closing theme by Dave Sams and Rachel Schott, engineered by David Hisch at Third Street Music.Media management by Sean Miller-JonesRichard O Jones, Executive Producer

Today we celebrate a forgotten West Chester nurseryman and entrepreneur who pioneered the mail-order plant business. We'll also learn about the Russian botanist who made a startling discovery from the sap of diseased tobacco plants. We salute the Welsh poet and writer who died on this day in 1953 after drinking 18 straight martinis. We Grow That Garden Library™ with a really lovely book on garden design - it’s one of my favorites. And then we’ll wrap things up with some words on the natural world from an American astronomer.   Subscribe Apple | Google | Spotify | Stitcher | iHeart To listen to the show while you're at home, just ask Alexa or Google to “Play the latest episode of The Daily Gardener Podcast.” It's just that easy.   Gardener Greetings Send your garden pics, stories, birthday wishes, and so forth to Jennifer@theDailyGardener.org   Facebook Group If you'd like to check out my curated news articles and blog posts for yourself, you're in luck because I share all of it with the Listener Community in the Free Facebook Group - The Daily Gardener Community. There’s no need to take notes or search for links - the next time you're on Facebook, search for Daily Gardener Community and request to join. I'd love to meet you in the group.    Important Events November 9, 1832   Today is the birthday of the West Chester Pennsylvania nurseryman, entrepreneur, and Quaker, Josiah Hoopes. Josiah loved nature from an early age. As a young man, Josiah had a desire to propagate and sell plants.  After his 30th birthday, Josiah built a greenhouse on his father’s property.  Within a few years, Josiah’s growing customer base prompted him to start his nursery, named Cherry Hill Nurseries. Over time, Cherry Hill grew to be known as Hoopes, Bro., and Thomas (HB&T) after Josiah recruited his brother Abner and his neighbor, an accountant named George B. Thomas. With its gravelly loam soil, West Chester has cultivated some important botanical figures through the years.  The West Chester botanists David Townsend and Dr. William Darlington were lifelong friends with Josiah. Together, the three men founded Marshall Square Park, named after the colonial botanist Humphry Marshall. The three men also worked on cataloging the trees and plants in their home county. Now, for their efforts, the town appointed all three men to form the first park committee. Later, Josiah (who was younger than the other men) was tasked with improving the park. Josiah added flower beds and walking paths - as well as an extraordinary amount of “resting stations.”  A history of the park shared that at one point, the park had 70 benches - 50 more than today’s total count. And today, in Josiah’s hometown, the 16-acre Hoopes Park is named for Josiah. He served as that park's original park supervisor.  In addition to his local efforts, Josiah became nationally known when he developed a way to ship his nursery stock by railroad. Using moss and paper to wrap his plants, Josiah began to hire salesmen to market his plants and trees across the country. After securing a contract with the federal government, Josiah’s nursery shipped trees and shrubs to all the national cemeteries.  Within a decade, H B&T became the largest commercial grower in America.  Before the turn of the century, HB&T was shipping plants to Europe, Australia, and the West Indian Islands. They even had a sales rep stationed in Mexico. By 1913, the nursery occupied over a thousand acres, and it even offered a pleasure garden with a boardwalk for the locals - complete with manicured shrubs in the shape of spears and a Maltese cross. One newspaper reported,   "There is no more attractive place in our borough than the grounds of this firm, including their private residences adjoining, and we as a people owe them a vote of thanks for the privilege extended us in visiting them."   Josiah had a special love for trees. At Hoopes, Josiah’s fruit trees were a top seller, appealing to new homeowners in America’s growing suburbs.  An 1870’s record book shows old order sheets with the words “send at once” and “immediately” handwritten on the receipt. After mastering packaging and shipping, the nursery could boast of sales to nearly every state in the union, and customers even included President Grover Cleveland at the White House. And, by the late 1800s, the nursery was the number one grower of peach trees.  Like his friend Townsend, Josiah’s botanical writing was geared toward encouraging a love for growing plants and trees. Josiah regularly wrote botanical articles for the New York Tribune, and he also wrote a book called Book of Evergreens.    In terms of posterity, Asa Gray named the plant Hymenoxys hoopesii (ii = "ee-eye") commonly known as Owl's Claws for Josiah Hoopes. This plant is a marvelous native mountain wildflower offering large golden-yellow flowers all summer long. The bloom is made up of long, drooping petals (resembling owl’s claws) and a button-like center cone. Josiah Hoopes died on January 16, 1904. HB&T closed for good in the 1940s.   November 9, 1864    Today is the birthday of the Russian Botanist Dmitry Ivanovsky. In 1892, Dmitry researched the cause of an infection called “Wildfire” in tobacco plants in Crimea. Dmitry made a startling discovery when he learned that even after running through a filter, sap from an infected plant could still infect healthy plants. Dmitry’s testing led to the realization that the cause was something smaller than bacteria. Years later, Martinus Beijerinck ("BY-ah-rink”) would call the filtered, infectious substance a "virus,” and Dmitry’s infection is now known as the tobacco mosaic virus. In light of the COVID-19 pandemic, we owe a debt of gratitude to botanists like Dmitry Ivanovsky and Martinus Beijerinck ("BY-ah-rink”) and all the rest of the virology pioneers.   Unearthed Words November 9, 1953 Here’s a quote from the Welsh poet and writer Dylan Thomas, who died on this day in 1953 at the Chelsea Hotel in New York. He had consumed 18 straight martinis. Nothing grows in our garden, only washing. And babies. ― Dylan Thomas, Welsh poet and writer   Grow That Garden Library Urban Garden Design by Kate Gould This book came out in 2019, and the subtitle is Transform your outdoor space into a beautiful and practical escape. In this book, the award-winning garden designer Kate Gould offers refined solutions and crazy-good ideas for urban gardens. I appreciate Kate because she loves the challenge of small spaces, and she is a total maximizer in terms of her approach to design and plant selection. Kate is also passionate about helping her clients create a garden that is both personal and unique. And one of Kate’s superpowers is connecting the outside design back to the home's interior to create a cohesive feel. This book is a stunning guide for gardeners keen to transform small and awkward outdoor spaces into beautiful and practical spaces. This book is 176 pages of spot-on guidance for gardeners who want to transform their little piece of heaven in the city into a private escape from the world. You can get a copy of Urban Garden Design by Kate Gould  and support the show using the Amazon Link in today's Show Notes for around $4   Today’s Botanic Spark November 9, 1934   Today is the birthday of the American astronomer, astrophysicist, and author Carl Sagan, born on this day in Brooklyn, New York. Carl helped explain space to the masses through his articles, books, and popular public television series “Cosmos." Here on earth, gardeners delight in his words about the natural world.   We are like butterflies who flutter for a day and think it is forever. — Carl Sagan, American astronomer, astrophysicist, and author   A book is made from a tree. It is an assemblage of flat, flexible parts (still called "leaves") imprinted with dark pigmented squiggles. One glance at it and you hear the voice of another person, perhaps someone dead for thousands of years. Across the millennia, the author is speaking, clearly and silently, inside your head, directly to you. Writing is perhaps the greatest of human inventions, binding together people, citizens of distant epochs, who never knew one another. Books break the shackles of time ― proof that humans can work magic. — Carl Sagan, American astronomer, astrophysicist, and author   The nitrogen in our DNA, the calcium in our teeth, the iron in our blood, the carbon in our apple pies were made in the interiors of collapsing stars. We are made of starstuff. ― Carl Sagan, American astronomer, astrophysicist, and author, Cosmos