Podcasts about Muskogee

01-You Always Come Back (To Hurting Me)-Johnny Rodriguez 02-Ridin_My_Thumb_To_Mexico-Jonny Rodriguez 03-Dance With Me (Just One More Time)-Johnny Rodriguez 04-Pass Me By · Vinny Tovar and Aubry Rodriguez 05-Amber Waves of Grain - Merle Haggard 06-Medley The Okie from Muskogee's Comin' Home Okie from Muskogee - Merle Haggard 07-Everything That Glitters (Is Not Gold) - Dan Seals 08-Meet Me In Montana - Dan Seals 09-Any Way the Wind Blows - Southern Pacific 10-Heartbreak Hill - Emmylou Harris 11-You Been On My Mind - Rodney Crowell 12-Wynonna Judd - I saw the light 13-Cody Johnson - Treasure (Filipo Marco) 14-These Boots Are Made For Walkin' - Billy Ray Cyrus

Gus T. Renegade returns as a credentialed journalist to the 51st annual Seattle International Film Festival. Friday was the first official day of the event, and Gus kicked off the fancy television viewing with 3 feature length films and one collection of shorts. All of the films Gus reviewed were directly connected to the Global System of White Supremacy. Neely Fuller Jr.'s native land of Muskogee, Oklahoma was mentioned during the discussing of the documentary film, DROWNED LAND, which examines the history of White Supremacy against Choctaw "indians" and how Whites polluted most of natural waters in Oklahoma. This film included a snippet about the Choctaw owning black slaves in Greenwood, Mississippi, and these "red" people took their black property with them to Oklahoma on the "Trail of Tears." Gus engaged in a fascinating exchange about this anti-black history with Choctaw filmmaker Colleen Thurston. Prior to this constructive film and exchange, Gus was forced to endure the contempt for gender in the short film "Saturn Risin9," which features an "LGBTQ" black person with bleached eyebrows who was likely classified as a male at birth. He does mention Racism as a problem well after he identifies as "queer." Gus also saw Danielle Deadwyler star in the Canadian science fiction thriller 40 ACRES, which imagines a future where black and non-white people are under assault from Racist(?) cannibals. INVEST in The C.O.W.S. - https://cash.app/$TheCOWS #TheCOWS16Years CALL IN NUMBER: 605.313.5164 CODE: 564943# #MoReading

In this week's episode, Dennis Jernigan shares the story behind his song, "The Sleeping Giant", from the album "The Chronicles of Bren: Captured – Songs for the Journey". That mp3 is available at https://www.thechroniclesofbren.com/store/captured-songs-for-the-journey-album/ The lyrics can be found below. You can join Dennis and the people of All In All Church for live-stream worship on the first Wednesday evening of each month. Just go to https://www.facebook.com/therealdennisjernigan at 7 PM CST. Mark it in your calendar. Worship with All in All Church - First Wednesday of each month. Daily Devotions for Kingdom Seekers, Vol. 3 is available at https://www.amazon.com/Daily-Devotions-Kingdom-Seekers-Vol-ebook/dp/B081K8TZLX Check out my Patreon page at https://www.patreon.com/DennisJernigan and read through the various tiers of support and discover the myriad of benefits you will receive based on the level of support you choose. If you're willing, go ahead and sign up! You will find the show notes and lyrics below: Welcome to The Dennis Jernigan Podcast. The purpose of this podcast is to help you find healing for your wounds; find hope in your despair; find intimacy in your loneliness; find refuge from the storms of life; Basically, to help you find a deeper walk with Jesus. There is one thing I know after having lived all these years: God wastes nothing. Not our sorrows. Not our wounds. Not even our failures. Hi. I am your host, Dennis Jernigan, and I am so excited about the next 2 weeks of the Dennis Jernigan podcast because I have absolutely loved the subject matter that we've been going through over the past 11 weeks.  We have been going through the 14 songs from my recording “Captured - Songs For The Journey” which were inspired by my fantasy trilogy, “The Chronicles of Bren” and specifically, book one in the series titled, “Captured.” It has been absolutely wonderful for me personally to remember how I felt while writing these books and how certain songs were inspired. Today we'll be focusing on the story behind the song, “The Sleeping Giant.”  Just outside Muskogee, a few miles to the south, there is a hill formation that looks like a giant that has fallen asleep lying on his back. My former pastor, Chuck, actually inspired this character. He told me that when he and his family were driving home one day, one of the children, pointing to the hill formation, said, “Look, dad! A sleeping giant!” Once I heard that phrase, I could not help but see the sleeping giant whenever I drove past. I still refer to it as the sleeping giant to this day.  In the story found in the book “Captured”, the sleeping giant has been around since before time began. The people of Bren pass the story of the sleeping giant down from generation to generation. It was prophesied that he would one day rise and bring salvation or deliverance to the land during its darkest time. They even have a name for the sleeping giant. Reuben.   Reuben means ‘Behold, a son'. He represents the champion, the hero, the one who delivers. Even though he appears to be dormant and completely covered with soil and trees and all manner of foliage, there is a sense of awe and reverence and expectation and hope emanating from this massive landform. When I began to meditate on the character of Reuben I could not help but think of him as a hero…as a Savior.   I have had many heroes in my life. My dad was my first hero…and then Captain James Tiberius Kirk of the Star Ship Enterprise!  I know I have already shared this a few times before, but as a boy, I felt so abandoned on so many levels of my life. I felt utterly captured and saw no way out for myself. I longed for someone to just step in and rescue me and wondered if anyone would ever be able to. I would go to bed each night and dream I was living in space on the USS Enterprise. Each night I was captured by aliens and about to be put to death…and my dad, Captain Kirk, rescued me just as I woke up from these dreams! Every morning for years I woke up feeling rescued!   When I was in high school, my basketball teammates would never let anyone touch me. I was the only white guy on my team yet they embraced me as one of their own and literally protected and rescued me on several occasions, both during games and in the hallways on many a school day! So many things went into the inspiration of Reuben but the greatest inspiration of all? Later in life, I was rescued by Jesus Christ and He became my ultimate hero.   The enemy had held me captive in his lies for so long. When I would cry out to God, it seemed He would not or could not answer me or set me free. I even recall thinking about the way the lies of the enemy took on a mocking tone in my thought life whenever I would ask the Lord for help. He'd say things like, “God doesn't love you. There is nothing in you worth loving,” or, “You're wasting your time. He's not even real,” or, “If God loves you so much, why is He allowing such pain and misery in your life?” On more than one occasion during those dark days I felt like cashing it in…like what's the use? I'm beyond hope; beyond rescue; beyond help…  I find it quite amazing as I look back on such dark times how much encouragement I found in those nightly dreams about being rescued by Captain Kirk. I mean, think about it. Every night I was captured, about to be put to death, and each morning I woke up feeling rescued. I have absolutely no doubt those dreams were given to me by the Lord to help me keep hanging on.  This week's song, “The Sleeping Giant”, is a prayer to The Founders (God the Father, Jesus the son, and the Holy Spirit) and specifically to Reuben - Jesus. Listen to this heart cry and imagine Jesus being awakened by your heart's deepest longing for rescue…and imagine the fact that He was not asleep after all… SONG    Remember what I said about Reuben earlier? Reuben means ‘Behold, a son'. He represents the champion, the hero, the one who delivers. He represents Jesus in the story, but the enemy of Bren, the dark lord, Lucian, sees his dark powers being pierced by the light as Reuben reveals Himself as the Deliverer. To Lucian, it felt as if he had just awakened a sleeping giant because…  Well, I'll leave the story here because I don't want to spoil it for you if you're reading the book, “Captured.” My hope is that you would discover joy and solace within the pages of the books and the melodies of the songs. May they serve as uplifting companions, guiding you to encounter Jesus even amidst life's toughest trials. Thank you for tuning in to The Dennis Jernigan Podcast. For more about my journey, music, and more, visit dennisjernigan.com. Connect with me on Facebook and Instagram, and explore my music on various streaming platforms. If you're keen on joining my team, consider becoming a Patron at patreon.com/dennisjernigan. Your support means the world to me! The book "Captured" is now available on Amazon in paperback, ebook, and audiobook versions. I encourage you to delve into "Captured" and then enjoy the songs inspired by its characters, all available for FREE. Simply head to https://www.thechroniclesofbren.com/store/captured-songs-for-the-journey-album/ to download the complete collection at no cost. Thank you once more for being a part of today's podcast. Remember, you are deeply loved by God and by me. Be quick to humble yourself when pride raises its ugly head and be quick to seek forgiveness when you have wounded another. Now, I challenge you to rise as the warrior for God's kingdom you are called to be today. Cast off the enemy's lies, embrace the truth of your identity in the Lord, and go forth as the cherished son or daughter of your Heavenly Father.    

Today, Dr. Katie Burden-Greer, founder of Outlaw Medical, highlights her unique path from her rural Oklahoma roots through her comprehensive medical education and training, which included a residency at the prestigious Mayo Clinic. She discusses her choice to establish a Direct Primary Care (DPC) practice on the Muskogee or Creek Nation Reservation. Despite access to Indian Health Services, Outlaw Medical is building stronger physician-patient relationships and overcoming the access challenges posed by IHS. Already, Dr. Burden-Greer's patient panel is composed of over 20% Native People. Dr. Burden-Greer shares compelling stories from her journey, insights into her practice, and her motivations, including a deep connection to her community. The episode also touches on broader issues in healthcare accessibility and the impact of the DPC model in a rural setting.Hint Summit @ Rosetta Fest 2025! Take $50 off your RosettaFest 2025 registration through May 31st with code HINT50. Register HERE! The DPC Directory: If you're a DPC doctor, you'll find resources to grow your practice! If you serve the DPC world, grab a FREE listing today and get discovered by doctors who need your services.

The John T. Nickel story is that of a work ethic which led to success far beyond anything he could have ever imagined. While in his early twenties, along with a friend, he traveled to California for an adventure. He returned to Oklahoma with an idea that set him on a path beyond his wildest dream. As a result, he developed Greenleaf Nursery in Cherokee County, Oklahoma (on Lake Tenkiller), into a multi-state business. Then, at his brother Gil's including Far Niente, in Napa Valley.As a young lad he enjoyed hiking, fishing, and nature along the Illinois River and dreamed of owning that land one day. Eventually this passion led him to the ownership of the Caney Creek Ranch, the J-5 Ranch, and the donation of 14,000 acres to the Nature Conservancy for a wildlife and nature preserve. To complete the dream, he reintroduced elk to the John T. Nickel Family Nature and Wildlife Preserve.He was recognized with a Wildlife Stewardship Award by NatureWorks in 2004 and was a recipient of The Nature Conservancy's first Oak Leaf Award in 2006.This story actually begins in a small mom-and-pop nursery business in Muskogee, Oklahoma, where John T. Nickel was born.

ReferencesJ Neurochem.2009 May 31;110(4):1191–1202Front Neurol. 2020 May 21;11:437Guerra, DJ.2025. Unpublished LecturesHaggard, M. 1969. "Okie from Muskogee"https://music.youtube.com/watch?v=3dM03dG3zv4&si=UfnsqRfLxs8TBGAOLewis, N. 1928."Big Railroad Blues" performed by Grateful Dead.https://music.youtube.com/watch?v=ieNCBfHaZkw&si=gRCMUkyJkI6VcMaZSchumann. R 1845. Piano Concerto in A Minor. OP 54. KB artisthttps://youtu.be/CPzOlOSeha8

It's April 8th. And it's Girl Scouts Cookies season. This day in 1917, a troop in Muskogee, Oklahoma is baking cookies to raise funds in support of the WWI efforts. Within a decades, a full-blown cookie empire would be born.Jody, NIki, and Kellie discuss the role the cookie sales play in the larger project of the Girl Scouts, how the First Lady has always been the main booster -- and of course, which cookie flavors are the best.Sign up for our newsletter! Find out more at thisdaypod.comThis Day In Esoteric Political History is a proud member of Radiotopia from PRX.Your support helps foster independent, artist-owned podcasts and award-winning stories.If you want to support the show directly, you can do so on our website: ThisDayPod.comGet in touch if you have any ideas for future topics, want merch, or just want to say hello. Our website is thisdaypod.com Follow us on social @thisdaypodOur team: Jacob Feldman, Researcher/Producer; Brittani Brown, Producer; Khawla Nakua, Transcripts; music by Teen Daze and Blue Dot Sessions; Julie Shapiro and Yooree Losordo, Executive Producers at Radiotopia Learn about your ad choices: dovetail.prx.org/ad-choices

Drew Edmondson is the son of former U.S. Congressman Ed Edmondson and June Edmondson. He is also a nephew of former Governor J. Howard Edmondson. His brother, James Edmondson, is a justice of the Oklahoma Supreme Court.Drew was the Oklahoma Attorney General from 1995 to 2011. His 58 opinions defending the Open Meeting and Open Records Acts strengthened citizen access to government. He sued the tobacco industry, winning a national settlement resulting in more than a billion dollars invested in Oklahoma's healthcare and Drew successfully filed suit against a dozen poultry companies for polluting the Illinois River.His prior public service included the U.S. Navy, State Representative, and District Attorney. He has received many honors including induction to the Oklahoma Hall of Fame.In his oral history interview, Drew talks about his political family, people he prosecuted in Muskogee as District Attorney, and several campaigns for office on the podcast and website VoicesOfOklahoma.com.

Send us a textChief Dan Sky-Horse Helms of the Santa Rosa Creek Muskogee Tribe illuminates the oral history of the Native First People of the Panhandle. In this episode he shares how the tribe is collaborating with teachers to build a more complete curriculum, the journey to regaining this lost knowledge, and how the Cultural Education Center and Creek Fest are expanding the understanding of our local history by making it more visible, accessible and immersive to our children.Guest: Dan Sky-Horse Helms https://www.facebook.com/@santarosacreekband Learn more about Escambia County School District: https://www.escambiaschools.org/Find additional links: https://www.voicesunitedineducation.com/podcast-episodesHost: Meredith Hackwith Edwards

We wanna hear from you! Send us a message here :) CRS 2025 with Charly Reynolds & The Swon Brothers! Charly Reynolds is a rising star in country music, captivating audiences with her authentic storytelling and vibrant sound. At just 25 years old, the Florida native has quickly established herself as a formidable singer- songwriter, with her debut album Off The Record showcasing a blend of Nashville twang and Texas dance hall charm. Released on September 20, 2024, the album features four compelling singles: “Love You Long,” "Somebody In Love,” “People Think,” and “Visiting Hours,” each offering a glimpse into Charly's relatable experiences and heartfelt lyrics. Stay connected with her here!Known for their seamlessly smooth, tight-knit sibling harmonies, The Swon Brothers were thrilling audiences long before their appearance as finalists on NBC's The Voice. Honored with the “Rising Star” award by the Oklahoma Music Hall of Fame and inducted into the “Rhythm and Routes Oklahoma Music Trail,” the Muskogee, OK natives have been charming fans with their fun-loving personalities since childhood. Since releasing their major label hit, “Later On,” the brothers have written and produced their own music independently and also contributed to superstar Blake Shelton's album BODY LANGUAGE, co-writing the title track and appearing as featured performers on the song. During their career the brothers have garnered industry honors and nominations with nods from The Country Music Association, The Academy of Country Music and The CMT Music Awards. Stay connected with the guys here!Support the show

This month in 1863, the founding of a town that made history: Mitchelville was the first town in the United States to be governed by formerly enslaved people. Plus: it's National Girl Scout Day, and a scout troop in Muskogee, Oklahoma gets the credit for the first ever sale of Girl Scout cookies in 1917. This Island in South Carolina Has the First Self-governed Town of Formerly Enslaved People in the U.S. (Travel and Leisure)Statue commemorates first cookie sale (Muskogee Phoenix)You can help build our show as a backer on Patreon

In this episode Richard talks with Rich Schaus. He is the executive director of Gospel Rescue Mission in Muskogee, OK. Rich was born and raised just east of St. Louis Missouri and holds a BA in Missions and Bible from Central Bible College, a BA in Rescue Missions from City Vision College and a Master of Leadership degree from Northeastern State University. Rich is married to Cara Schaus and they have three children and four grandchildren. He is a former United States Army Field Artillery Captain the author of Hero Quest.  This is a fascinating conversation about Rich's leadership journey and the unique challenges and triumphs of working with the most vulnerable in our society.  Connect with Rich here. Find out More about the GRM Gala here. DONATE: If you have enjoyed this podcast and want to support what we do, click here. RESOURCES: Join with others March 31-April 2 in this engaging 3 day workshop on how to ask better questions to move people onto God's agenda. Register here. CONNECT: Follow Richard on Twitter. Follow Richard on Facebook. Read Richard's latest blog here.

In this episode of Southeastern Fly, we dive deep into the scenic beauty and rich history of Alabama's Tallapoosa River with warm-water fly-fishing specialist, Drew Morgan. From the river's fascinating origins in the Muskogee language to its unique characteristics as a relatively untouched waterway in the Piedmont region, Drew brings a wealth of knowledge and passion to the discussion.The Tallapoosa is more than a fishing spot—it's a connection to the past, where nature and history intertwine. Drew shares insights into the diverse fish species inhabiting the river, including the native Alabama bass and Tallapoosa bass (formerly known as red-eye bass). He breaks down their behaviors, preferred habitats, and the techniques to entice these feisty fighters on the fly.Highlights from the Episode:Geological and Historical Context: Learn about the Tallapoosa's role as a throwback river, offering a glimpse into a time before industrial development.Fishing Tactics and Gear: Discover Drew's go-to setups, including fast-action rods and fly lines tailored for navigating the river's rock gardens and shoals.Topwater Magic: Uncover why the Tallapoosa is considered one of the best rivers in the South for topwater fly fishing, with Drew's favorite patterns and profiles that make bass strike.Seasonal Tips: Whether you're chasing big bass in the cooler months or enjoying topwater action in summer, Drew highlights the best times to visit the river.Stories from the Water: Hear about the heartbreak and thrill of the one that got away, as Drew recounts his encounters with unforgettable fish.If you've ever wondered what it's like to fish in a river that feels untouched by time, this episode will inspire you to experience the Tallapoosa firsthand. From the serene beauty of the Piedmont region to the camaraderie of casting with friends, the Tallapoosa offers something special for every angler.To book a trip or learn more about Drew Morgan, visit East Alabama Fly Fishing.Produced by NOVA

Recent studies have shown increasing suicide rates in the United States, particularly among Black youth. Experts in Oklahoma advocate for addressing cultural norms that prevent at risk youth and their families from seeking mental health treatment. Dawn Carter has details.In the fall of 2020, Michael Hill, a Black citizen of the Cherokee Nation, woke up in the middle of the night to the sound of someone banging on the windows of his home. He called police for help, but the police arrested Michael in his own front yard. When trying to get his case heard in tribal court he was rejected because though he has tribal citizenship, he has no blood quantum and by federal law is not legally an Indian. His story is told in a newly released Audible Original documentary called Tribal Justice: The Struggle for Black Rights on Native Land, reported and written by two award-winning indigenous journalists, Allison Herrera and Adreanna Rodriguez. The following excerpt is the fourth installment of FBOs broadcast of the documentary.We speak with Kristi Williams about Black History Saturdays and how she's working to close education gaps in the Sooner State.From runaway enslaved African to federal law enforcement officer, Bass Reeves lived a long and legendary life. In early January, Reeves was commemorated with a new bronze statue at the Three Rivers Museum in Muskogee. Carlos Moreno has the story.Getting your first real job is a rite of passage growing up. Sondra Slade's story about her children finding jobs and getting their first paychecks will have you laughing all the way to the bank.Y7QIDVAPNBKPHINGODYWDOOLJRKS4MC6LYLPYNYWFEYPU1ZS

Born in Virginia and raised by his mother in the Cherokee Nation, Robert Owen was a seminal figure in Oklahoma's early history. He was elected as one of Oklahoma's first U.S. senators in 1907 where he championed progressive and populist causes in the nation's capital. Utilizing his background as a bank owner in Muskogee, he was the Senate author of the Federal Reserve Act of 1913, which created the financial system still in use today. In this episode, Trait Thompson and Dr. Blackburn talk to Dr. Ken Brown, a former professor at the University of Central Oklahoma and an expert on Owen, about his life and his work creating the Federal Reserve.

Text us, and Rock on!What happens when a punk band sheds its underground skin to emerge as Grammy-winning innovators? We explore this fascinating transformation with the Flaming Lips' album "The Soft Bulletin" and draw parallels to the legendary impact of "Pet Sounds" on the '90s music scene. Tim and I reflect on our personal journeys with the band's music, including a missed concert experience and an unforgettable rendition of "Oki from Muskogee" with Wayne Coyne. Join us as we pay homage to the Flaming Lips' creative process, introspective lyrics, and the soundscapes that continue to mesmerize fans across the globe.Ever wondered how humor and emotional depth can coexist in music? We tackle this intriguing duality as we dissect tracks like "A Spoonful Weighs a Ton" and "The Spark That Bled," drawing unexpected connections to legends like Led Zeppelin and Stevie Wonder. Our conversation is peppered with pop culture references, from Charlie Sheen to bizarre musical techniques, creating a tapestry of sound and storytelling that's as complex as the band itself. Expect a mix of laughter and musical insight as we celebrate the eclectic nature of the Flaming Lips' artistry.And what about those non-hit tracks that often fly under the radar? We dive into the rich themes of change, nostalgia, and the metaphorical battles embedded in the album. With a playful nod to pop culture and the band's whimsical approach to music, we rank our favorite non-hits, with "The Spark That Bled" and "Race for the Prize" earning top honors. As we wrap up, we can't resist a light-hearted reference to "Sharks with Laser Beams," ensuring you leave with both a smile and a newfound appreciation for the Flaming Lips' enduring legacy.Support the show

Text us, and Rock on!What happens when a punk band sheds its underground skin to emerge as Grammy-winning innovators? We explore this fascinating transformation with the Flaming Lips' album "The Soft Bulletin" and draw parallels to the legendary impact of "Pet Sounds" on the '90s music scene. Tim and I reflect on our personal journeys with the band's music, including a missed concert experience and an unforgettable rendition of "Oki from Muskogee" with Wayne Coyne. Join us as we pay homage to the Flaming Lips' creative process, introspective lyrics, and the soundscapes that continue to mesmerize fans across the globe.Ever wondered how humor and emotional depth can coexist in music? We tackle this intriguing duality as we dissect tracks like "A Spoonful Weighs a Ton" and "The Spark That Bled," drawing unexpected connections to legends like Led Zeppelin and Stevie Wonder. Our conversation is peppered with pop culture references, from Charlie Sheen to bizarre musical techniques, creating a tapestry of sound and storytelling that's as complex as the band itself. Expect a mix of laughter and musical insight as we celebrate the eclectic nature of the Flaming Lips' artistry.And what about those non-hit tracks that often fly under the radar? We dive into the rich themes of change, nostalgia, and the metaphorical battles embedded in the album. With a playful nod to pop culture and the band's whimsical approach to music, we rank our favorite non-hits, with "The Spark That Bled" and "Race for the Prize" earning top honors. As we wrap up, we can't resist a light-hearted reference to "Sharks with Laser Beams," ensuring you leave with both a smile and a newfound appreciation for the Flaming Lips' enduring legacy.Support the show

Today we are discussing Depot Green Christmas in Muskogee, Oklahoma. All aboard the Depot Green Christmas Train in Muskogee. This festive train welcomes all ages out to enjoy a short ride through the Depot Green area where you can gaze at twinkling stars and holiday lights. Hot chocolate, popcorn and sweet treats will be available for purchase. Native American heritage and military history come together in Muskogee, Oklahoma. Experience Native cultures at the Ataloa Lodge Museum on the Bacone College campus to see a fine private collection of Native American art. At the Five Civilized Tribes Museum, take part in a tribute to the tribes forced to relocate to Indian Territory. View a World War II submarine at the U.S.S. Batfish & War Memorial Park, or dive into one of three nearby lakes: Fort Gibson Lake, Lake Tenkiller and Lake Eufaula. Special thanks to our sponsor, Friends of Nicoma Park. Subscribe to the Only in OK Show.   #DepotGreen #Muskogee #christmas #festival #train #heritagefarmandranch #medicinepark #christmasparade #reindeer #oncue #carrieunderwood #onlyinokshow #Oklahoma #podcast #traveloklahoma #historic #travel #tourism

We can't fully explain it, but there's something about trains that just goes really well with the Christmas season. The people of Muskogee realize this, which is why those who head to the town's Depot Green Christmas celebration throughout this month can enjoy a ride on the festive Christmas train, taking a tour of the beautiful Garden of Lights set up in Honor Heights Park. Rick Ewing from Muskogee Parks joins this week's show to talk about all the fun to be had in Muskogee this season, plus a few other recent developments in the town. Also on this week's show, the editors declare when the holiday season officially begins, and podvents revives an old Hee Haw routine. You won't want to miss it!  

Summary:  There's a growing call for clean energy solutions in America, and our guest today is ready to answer it. With an unpredictable geopolitical landscape and US lithium demands projected to skyrocket over 500% by 2030, now is the time for American innovation in the outdated lithium refinement industry. Today's guest is leading this charge, modernizing an industry long overdue for and upgrade with a commitment to environmental responsibility and smarter, sustainable practices. Roshan Pujari is the founder and CEO of Stardust Power, a sustainability-focused, American developer of battery grade lithium resources, which lists on the NASDAQ stock exchange under the symbol SDST. Currently, the company is focused on building 'the U.S.'s largest battery-grade lithium refinery' in Muskogee, Oklahoma, which is expected to process up to 50,000 metric tons of lithium annually (enough to power almost five million electric vehicle (EV) batteries every year). Previously serving as founder and CEO of VIKASA Capital, Roshan brought over 20 years of experience in market analysis with him to Stardust. He is a recognized investor and philanthropist, and is chairman of the Pujari foundation, a 501(c)(3) educational organization promoting arts, culture, education, and community around the globe.  In this episode, Roshan discusses the strategic advantages of the location chosen for their Oklahoma refinery, and outlines the sustainable practices, including the use of recycled wastewater from oil and gas production, at the core of Stardust's business model.  Highlights:Roshan's path to the energy industry (3:00)Stardust Power's Oklahoma refinery project (4:15)Roshan describes the lithium supply chain (5:21)What are the advantages to keeping lithium production domestic? (7:22)Roshan describes the strategic advantages of building the refinery in Oklahoma (9:28)How do legacy methods of lithium production harm the environment? (11:52)Roshan reflects on potential impacts of the upcoming US election to the industry (13:26)Where is the electric vehicle industry likely headed? (15:04)The expertise of Stardust Power's leadership team (16:45)Taking Stardust Power public (18:23)Limiting technology risk in the supply chain (20:15)Roshan's vision for Stardust's future (22:03) Links:Roshan Pujari on LinkedInStardust Power on LinkedInStardust Power WebsiteICR LinkedInICR TwitterICR Website Feedback:If you have questions about the show, or have a topic in mind you'd like discussed in future episodes, email our producer, marion@lowerstreet.co.

Dana Tiger's websiteLoren Waters website

At this point, hip-hop artist Jabee is an Oklahoma City icon, but it's about time to take his profile to a more national level. Thankfully he is in good company to do just that. Earlier this year Jabee announced his signing to hip-hop's prestige indie music label, Mello Music Group. His first release with MMG, the eight-song mini-album The Spirit Is Willing But The Flesh Is Weak—featuring a guest verse by underground rap sensation Quelle Chris and production from the likes of Conductor Williams, Evidence, and Apollo Brown—debuted on streaming services this past Friday. Jabee, fresh off a West Coast flight following a marathon weekend at his Peace Needs OKC conference that included the legendary Chuck D as speaker, graced the Oklahoma Today Podcast with an interview previewing the new release.   Also on this week's episode, the editors get cute about their favorite at-home animals, and podvents shows us why Merle Haggard will now forever be an Okie in Muskogee. You won't want to miss it!

In this episode of Best Practices with Kenny Berger, trial attorney David Holt of Smith Law Center in Hampton, VA, joins us to share the story behind his $10 million verdict in a traumatic brain injury (TBI) case in Muskogee, Oklahoma.Holt's client, a factory worker, sustained a mild TBI after a factory explosion at a Georgia Pacific plant. Despite no visible imaging evidence, Holt masterfully focused on telling the human story—highlighting the profound impact the injury had on his client's life. Over the course of the 8-week trial, he balanced medical facts with compelling testimony from witnesses, including physical therapists, and emphasized the client's lost experiences as a grandparent.This episode offers valuable takeaways on:jury engagementdamages presentation, and the power of humanizing your client's story. Don't miss out on the strategies that helped Holt secure one of the largest brain injury verdicts in the county's history.

In this episode, we chat with Roshan Pujari, Founder and Executive Chairman of Stardust Power, who are a company that develops and operates lithium projects in the US to meet the growing demand for electric vehicles and energy storage. They are developing a strategically located lithium refinery in Oklahoma, capable of producing up to 50K tonnes annually of battery-grade lithium. Roshan has over 20 years of analysis and deal-making experience as the Founder and CEO of VIKASA Capital, where he oversaw the firm's energy transition business. Roshan explains the strategic outlook for Stardust Power with the lithium refinery, the US energy transition, and why they are focusing their activities in Oklahoma.  KEY TAKEAWAYS Stardust Power aims to develop North America's largest lithium refinery in Muskogee, Oklahoma, with a production capacity of 50,000 metric tons of battery-grade lithium annually to support the growing demand for electric vehicles and energy storage. The refinery's location in Oklahoma provides strategic advantages, including proximity to multiple sources of lithium brine and established transportation infrastructure, which helps mitigate risks associated with relying on single assets. Sustainability is a core value for Stardust Power, with plans to utilise electric production lines, zero liquid discharge technology, and sourcing power from renewable energy sources like wind and solar to minimise environmental impact. The company is committed to engaging with the local community in Muskogee, focusing on workforce training and education to prepare for the new green jobs created by the energy transition, leveraging the existing skilled workforce in the region. BEST MOMENTS "We saw a lot of investment going upstream into raw material production... but the critical gap in the supply chain was really refining capacity." "Sustainability is built into each step of our process... we're designing all of our trains as electric, so the production lines do not produce air emissions." "Oklahoma has always been at the crossroads of U.S. American leadership in the energy sector... it's a great place to start a new business." "We want to move appropriately, but we really want to move fast... we believe we're very close to that process from definitive supply upstream." VALUABLE RESOURCES Mail:        rob@mining-international.org LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/rob-tyson-3a26a68/ X:              https://twitter.com/MiningRobTyson YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/c/DigDeepTheMiningPodcast  Web:        http://www.mining-international.org https://stardust-power.com/ https://www.linkedin.com/company/stardust-power/ https://x.com/SDST_Power www.youtube.com/@Stardust-Power https://www.instagram.com/sdst_power/ ABOUT THE HOST Rob Tyson is the Founder and Director of Mining International Ltd, a leading global recruitment and headhunting consultancy based in the UK specialising in all areas of mining across the globe from first-world to third-world countries from Africa, Europe, the Middle East, Asia, and Australia. We source, headhunt, and discover new and top talent through a targeted approach and search methodology and have a proven track record in sourcing and positioning exceptional candidates into our clients' organisations in any mining discipline or level. Mining International provides a transparent, informative, and trusted consultancy service to our candidates and clients to help them develop their careers and business goals and objectives in this ever-changing marketplace. CONTACT METHOD rob@mining-international.org https://www.linkedin.com/in/rob-tyson-3a26a68/ Podcast Description Rob Tyson is an established recruiter in the mining and quarrying sector and decided to produce the “Dig Deep” The Mining Podcast to provide valuable and informative content around the mining industry. He has a passion and desire to promote the industry and the podcast aims to offer the mining community an insight into people's experiences and careers covering any mining discipline, giving the listeners helpful advice and guidance on industry topics. 

In this episode, farmer Alec and host Diego are joined by a special guest: veteran market gardener Cassie Pierce of Peace of Prairie Organic Farm in Muskogee, Oklahoma. Cassie shares some of her insights on Alec's farming journey and her thoughts on some of the misconceptions she hears being passed on to younger farmers. She then unpacks the disconnect between her experience as a market gardener and the pseudo-myths she hears about small-scale farming such as the need for a high-end market, and that only growing a few select crops is the key to profitability.  Click here to check out farmer Alec and Crop Culture Farm. Click here to learn more about farmer Cassie and Peace of Prairie Organic Farm.  Get time and labor-saving farm tools at shop.modern grower.co Listen to other podcasts on the Modern Grower Podcast Network: Farm Small, Farm Smart Farm Small, Farm Smart Daily The Growing Microgreens Podcast Carrot Cashflow Podcast In Search of Soil Check out Diego's book, Sell Everything You Grow, which is only $0.99

Was Richard Nixon a Christian? As America approaches the 50th anniversary of Watergate, Russell Moore welcomes Daniel Silliman, Christianity Today news editor and the author of One Lost Soul: Richard Nixon's Search for Salvation to the podcast. Silliman and Moore discuss the dissonance between Nixon's Quaker heritage and legacy as the president who executed the Vietnam War. They also examine the former president's relationship with CT founder, Billy Graham, and how it influenced his understanding of God and his political rhetoric. Tune in for an episode that reflects on history while speaking pointedly to the present. Resources mentioned in this episode include: One Lost Soul: Richard Nixon's Search for Salvation by Daniel Silliman Okie from Muskogee by Merle Haggard “Checkers Speech” by Richard Nixon Years of Upheaval by Henry Kissinger Frost/Nixon Click here for a trial subscription at Christianity Today. “The Russell Moore Show” is a production of Christianity Today Executive Producers: Erik Petrik, Russell Moore, and Mike Cosper Host: Russell Moore Producer: Ashley Hales Associate Producers: Abby Perry and McKenzie Hill Director of Operations for CT Media: Matt Stevens Audio engineering by Dan Phelps Video producer: Abby Egan Theme Song: “Dusty Delta Day” by Lennon Hutton Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Oklahomans could soon vote on raising the minimum wage.Health officials are reporting bird flu cases in our state.Bacone College in Muskogee is struggling to keep its doors open.You can find the KOSU Daily wherever you get your podcasts, you can also subscribe, rate us and leave a comment.You can keep up to date on all the latest news throughout the day at KOSU.org and make sure to follow us on Facebook, Twitter and Instagram at KOSU Radio.This is The KOSU Daily, Oklahoma news, every weekday.

Chelsea Brown is an LPC Supervisor in Oklahoma and owns Restoration Behavioral Health in Muskogee, OK. She is a nationally certified Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapist, having trained at the University of Oklahoma's Center for Child Abuse and Neglect and is also a provider of Cognitive Processing Therapy, an evidenced-based treatment approach to Post-Traumatic Stress in Adults.Chelsea grew up in Muskogee, OK, and has raised a family there since 2005. She obtained her Bachelor of Arts in General Psychology and her Masters of Science in Counseling Psychology from Northeastern State University. She has worked in this field for over 10 years, assisting individuals and their families.Chelsea focuses on trauma-work for her community and specializes in treating first responders, but also serves the kids that come through her advocacy center who have been victims of abuse and neglect. She specializes in working with individuals and children with diagnoses of PTSD, Depression, Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Acute Stress Disorder, and Reactive Attachment Disorder.She is a Boeing Scholar through the Strong Star Initiative in Houston, TX in their training initiative for CPT. Chelsea is dedicated to ever-growing her knowledge of trauma treatment and recovery through hundreds of clock hours of continuing education and training, including training in Trust-Based Relational Intervention (TBRI), Advanced TFCBT coursework, and Components for Enhancing Clinician Experience and Reducing Trauma Model (CE-CERT). "This dedication to training ensures that we, at Restoration, have all the tools and skills we need to treat the challenges our clients are facing."In This EpisodeChelsea's WebsiteContact Chelsea: chelsea.brown@restorationbh.com---If you'd like to support The Trauma Therapist Podcast and the work I do you can do that here with a monthly donation of $5, $7, or $10: Donate to The Trauma Therapist Podcast.Click here to join my email list and receive podcast updates and other news.Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/the-trauma-therapist--5739761/support.

Send us a Text Message.ok its pronounced swan but its spelled swon!!!  now that we got that straight,,LOLthese guys are a riot!!  Zac & Colton Swon were on the Voice and are from Muskogee, Ok.  both are artist and songwriters. And seriously check out these 2 songs, you will luv themRifle Left Behind & One Good Womanwww.swonbrothers.comsocials are The Swon BrothersSupport the Show.The David Bradley ShowHost: David Bradleyhttps://www.facebook.com/100087472238854https://youtube.com/@thedavidbradleyshowwww.thedavidbradleyshow.com Like to be a guestContact Usjulie@thedavidbradleyshow.comRecorded at Bradley StudiosProduced by: Caitlin BackesProud Member of CMASPONSERSBottled Water and Sweet Tea provided by PURITY DairyABlaze Entertainment

Around 1910, Black farmers collectively owned over 16 million acres of farmland. A century later, over 90% of that land is no longer owned by Black farmers. In Lee's own family, the acquisition and loss of land has been a contentious issue for nearly every generation, sometimes leading to tragic circumstances. In this episode, Lee heads back to Alabama to meet his cousin Zollie, a longtime steward of the family land, to learn more.Lee is later joined by Jillian Hishaw, an agricultural lawyer and author, who has devoted her life to helping Black families keep their land. They discuss the tumultuous history of Black land ownership and what Black families should do to keep land in the family.TranscriptLee Hawkins (host): We wanted to give a heads up that this episode includes talk of abuse and acts of violence. You can find resources on our website whathappenedinalabama.org. Listener discretion is advised. Hi, this is Lee Hawkins, and we're about to dive into episode four of What Happened In Alabama. It's an important conversation about the history of land in Black communities – how it was acquired, how it was taken, lost, and sometimes given away, over the past century – but you'll get a lot more out of it if you go back and listen to the prologue first. That'll give you some context for putting the whole series in perspective. Do that, and then join us back here. Thank you so much. [music starts]Around 1910, Black farmers collectively owned over 16 million acres of farmland. A century later, 90% of that land is no longer in the hands of Black farmers. Economists estimate that the value of land lost is upwards of 300 billion dollars.This is an issue that's personal for me. There were large successful farms on both sides of my family that we no longer own, or only own a fraction of now. How we became separated from our land is part of the trauma and fear that influenced how my parents raised me. I want to get to the heart of what happened and why. That's the goal of this episode. I'm Lee Hawkins, and this is conversation number four, What Happened In Alabama: The Land.Zollie: I may not have money in my pocket. But if I have that land, that is of value. That is my – my kids can fall back on this land, they'll have something.That's Zollie Owens. He's my cousin on my dad's side, and Uncle Ike's great-grandson. Zollie lives in Georgiana, Alabama, not far from Uncle Ike's farm. Uncle Ike is a legend in my family. He was my Grandma Opie's brother, and very much the patriarch of the family until he passed in 1992. I only met him once, back in 1991 when my family drove down to Alabama. But his name and presence have held a larger-than-life place in my psyche ever since.Zollie: And so that was instilled in me back then from watching Uncle Ike and my uncles, his sons, do all that work on that land.For the first time since my visit with my family in 1991, we're headed back there. Zollie's lived his whole life in this town. It's where he played and worked on the farm as a kid, where he got married, and where he raised his family. And because Uncle Ike had such an influence on him, he's made working and farming the land his life. I would say that out of all my cousins, the land is the most important to him. And that was instilled in him through Uncle Ike. Zollie: This man. I don't know if he was perfect, but he was perfect to me. I didn't see him do anything wrong from my understanding. And reason being, because whenever he said something, it generally come to pass.He was extremely respected and well-liked. So much so that years after his death, his impact is still felt.Zollie: I have favor off of his name now today. When they found out that I'm his grandson, I get favor off of his name because of who he was. And that's not for me to just go out and tear his name down, but it's to help keep up his name.Lee: Oh, that was one thing that was mentioned about credit – that way back in the day he had incredible credit around the town. That even his kids, that they would say, “Oh, you're Ike's kids. You don't have to pay. Pay me tomorrow,” or whatever, [laughter] which was a big deal then, because Black people didn't get credit a lot of times. Black people were denied credit just based on the color of their skin. But he seems to have been a very legendary figure around this town. Zollie: Being amenable, being polite, speaking to people, talking to 'em about my granddad and everything. And so once I do that, they get the joy back, remembering, reminiscing how good he was to them – Black and white.[music starts]Cousin Zollie spent a lot of time at Uncle Ike's when he was a kid. Like all my cousins who knew Uncle Ike, he had fond memories of him. Zollie: He passed when I was like 12 or 13, but I remember him sitting me in my lap or sitting on the shoulder of the chair and he would say, “Man, the Lord gonna use you one day, the Lord gonna use you. You smart, you're gonna be a preacher one day.” And like so many of the men in my family, Zollie is very active in the church. In fact, he became a preacher, and even started a gospel group. And he's preached at Friendship Baptist, where the funeral services for my Grandma Opie were held.We bonded over both growing up in the music ministry, listening to our elders singing those soul-stirring hymnals they'd sing every Sunday.Lee: And now, of course, they didn't even, I realize that a lot of times they weren't even singing words. They were just humming –Zollie: Just humming. Lee: You know? Zollie: Oh yes. Lee: And then the church would do the call and response. And the way that that worked, somebody would just say [singing], "One of these days, it won't be long," you know, and then –Zollie: [singing] “You're gonna look for me, and I'll be gone.” Lee: Yup. [laughter][Lee humming] [Zollie singing]Lee: Yeah. [Zollie singing]Lee: Yeah. [Lee laughs]Uncle Ike owned a 162-acre farm in Georgiana. Zollie and his wife took me back to visit it. The farm is no longer in the family, but the current owner, Brad Butler, stays in touch with Zollie, and he invited us to come and check out the property. Zollie: There was a lot of pecan trees, which he planted himself. Kyana: These are all pecans? Brad: Yup, these are pecans. These are, the big ones are pecans. That's a pear.Zollie's wife: And that's a pear, okay.Brad: Yeah.Lee: Did he plant that too? Zollie: Which one?Lee: The pecans? Zollie: Yes, he did. Yes, he did. Brad: But now, come here. Let me, let me show you this pear tree. This pear tree will put out more pears than any tree you've ever seen in your life. Lee: Oh, yeah?Brad: Yup, there'll be a thousand pears on this tree.These are all trees Uncle Ike planted decades ago. It was an active farm up to the 1980s – and a gathering place for family and so many other people in the region. The property is split up in two sides by a small road. One one side is where all the pecan and peach trees are. The other side has a large pond about twice the length of a pro basketball court. Beyond that, it's all woods. [walking sounds]As we walk, I look down at the ground beneath my feet at the red soil that many associate with Alabama and other parts of the deep south. It's a bright red rust color, and it's sticky. There's no way to avoid getting it all over and staining your shoes. Lee: Why is the dirt so red here? Zollie: It's been moved in. Lee: Okay.Zollie: The red dirt has been moved in for the road purpose – Lee: I see. Zollie: It get hardened. And it is hard like a brick, where you can drive on it. The black dirt doesn't get hard. It's more ground for growing, and it won't be hard like a brick. Zollie's referring to what's underneath this red clay that makes the land so valuable: the rich, fertile soil that makes up the Black Belt – a stretch of land across the state that was prime soil for cotton production. This land wasn't just valuable for all the ways it offered sustenance to the family, but also for everything it cost them, including their blood. When I was 19 years old, I found out that Uncle Ike's father, my great-great-grandfather, Isaac Pugh Senior, was murdered. Isaac Pugh Senior was born before emancipation in 1860, the son of an enslaved woman named Charity. His father remains a mystery, but since Isaac was very fair-skinned, we suspect he was a white man. And the genealogy experts I've worked with explained that the 18% of my DNA that's from whites from Europe, mainly Wales, traces back to him and Grandma Charity. The way it was told to me the one time I met Uncle Ike, is that Isaac Pugh Senior lived his life unapologetically. He thrived as a hunter and a trapper, and he owned his own farm, his own land, and his own destiny. And that pissed plenty of white folks off. In 1914, when he was 54 years old, Isaac was riding his mule when a white man named Jack Taylor shot him in the back. The mule rode his bleeding body back to his home. His young children were the first to see him. I called my dad after one of my Alabama trips, to share some of the oral history I'd gotten from family members.Lee: When he ran home, her and Uncle Ike and the brothers and sisters that were home, they ran out. And they saw their father shot full of buckshot in his back. Lee Sr.: Mm mm mm. Mm hm.Lee: They pulled him off the horse and he was 80% dead, and he died, he died later that night.Lee Sr.: With them? Wow. Lee: Yeah.Soon after Isaac died, the family was threatened by a mob of white people from around the area, and they left the land for their safety. Someone eventually seized it, and without their patriarch, the family never retrieved the land and just decided to start their lives over elsewhere. Knowing his father paid a steep price for daring to be an entrepreneur and a landowner, Uncle Ike never took land ownership for granted. He worked hard and eventually he bought his own 162-acre plot, flanked by beautiful ponds and acres upon acres of timber. [music]Over four years of interviews, Dad and I talked a lot about the murder of Isaac Pugh Senior. Uncle Ike told us about it during that visit in 1991, but years passed before I saw anything in writing about the murder.Before that, I'd just been interviewing family members about what they'd heard. And their accounts all matched up. For years, some family members interested in the story had even gone down to the courthouse in Greenville to find the records. On one visit, the clerk looked up at one of my cousins and said, “Y'all still lookin' into that Ike Pugh thing? Y'all need to leave that alone.” But they never gave up. Then, I found something in the newspaper archive that would infuse even more clarity into the circumstances surrounding the murder of my great-grandfather Ike Senior. It brought me deeper into What Happened In Alabama, and the headline was as devastating as it was liberating.There it was, in big, block letters, in the Montgomery Advertiser: WHITE FARMER SHOOTS NEGRO IN THE BACK. The shooting happened in 1914, on the same day as my birthday.It read: “Ike Pew, a negro farmer living on the plantation of D. Sirmon, was shot and killed last night by a white farmer named Jack Taylor. An Angora goat belonging to Mr. Taylor got into the field of Pew and was killed by a child of Pew. This is said to be the reason Taylor shot the Negro. The Negro was riding a mule when he received a load of buckshot in his back.”My dad was surprised to hear all the new details. Grandma Opie herself only told Dad that he'd died in a hunting accident. Lee: Do you realize that when your mom's father was killed, she was nine?Lee Sr.: She was nine?Lee: She was nine. And she never told you that her dad was killed? Lee Sr.: Well, let me think about that. My sisters told me that. Not my mom. My mom didn't talk about anything bad to me.I asked Zollie about Isaac, and if he ever remembers Uncle Ike talking about his father's murder. Zollie: No, I never heard that story. No, no, never. Not that I can remember him mentioning it. No sir. I can't say that I'm surprised by this answer. By now, I've seen how so many of our elders kept secrets from the younger generations, because they really didn't want to burden us with their sorrow. But I couldn't help but think, “If these trees could talk.” Walking around the family property, I feel the weight of history in the air. To me, that history makes the land valuable beyond a deed or dollar amount.Uncle Ike's farm is no longer in the family. It wasn't taken violently the way his father's farm was, but it fell victim to something called Heir's Property, which as I realized talking to Zollie, can be just as heartbreaking and economically damaging to generations of Black landowners. Zollie: I may not have money in my pocket. But if I have that land that is of value, that is money. [music starts]When Zollie was younger, he lived on part of Uncle Ike's land and he paid lot rent every month. When Uncle Ike passed in 1992, he had a will. In it, he left the land to his living children, but it wasn't clear how it should be divided up. His son, Pip, was the only one living on the land, so that's who Zollie paid rent to. But when he died, there was no documentation to prove that Zollie had been paying rent. Zollie: And so when it came up in court, I did not have no documentation, no legal rights to it.After the death of a property owner, and without proper estate plans, land often becomes “heirs property,” which means that the law directs that the land is divided among descendents of the original owners. The law requires “heirs” to reach a group consensus on what to do with the land. They inherit the responsibility of legal fees to establish ownership, property fees, and any past debt.Zollie wanted to keep the land in the family. He was ready to continue farming on it as he had been for 17 years. But some other family members weren't interested. Many had long left Georgiana and the country life for Birmingham or larger cities up north, like my father and his sisters. Some didn't want to take on the responsibilities of maintaining the land.Zollie: The part of the land that I was living on, on the Pugh family estate, it got sold out from up under me. I could have never dreamt of anything like that was gonna happen to me. Where I would have to move off the family land. The family didn't come together. They couldn't even draw me up a deed to take over the spot I was on. In the South today, “heirs property” includes about 3.5 million acres of land – valued at 28 billion dollars. Heirs property laws have turned out to be one of the biggest factors contributing to the loss of Black family land in America. It's devastating not just for the loss of acreage but the loss of wealth, because when the court orders a sale of the land, it's not sold on the market, it's sold at auction, usually for much less than it's worth. Brad: When this thing sold at auction, Hudson Hines bought it, and they cut the timber. That's Brad Butler again. He bought Uncle Ike's farm at auction in 2015.Brad: And we were just gonna buy it, kind of fix it up a little bit and then sell it and go do something else. Towards the end of our tour, my cousin Zollie turns to Brad and makes him an offer. Zollie: You know, some of the family, like myself and Mr. Lee, want to get together and make you an offer. Would you be willing to sell? Brad shakes his head and points to his son, who's been hanging out with us on the tour of the land. Brad: Not right now. Now right now. This is, this is his. And we've done so much trying to get it ready.It's his land, he says. His son's. It's heartbreaking to hear, but I didn't expect any different. It makes me think about Uncle Ike and if he ever thought things would pan out this way. After the property tour with Brad, Zollie invited me over to his house, where I asked him how he thinks Uncle Ike would feel. Zollie: He would be disappointed. That just the way, my memories of it and the way he, he did, I believe he would be disappointed. I really would. Lee: And he did the right thing in his heart by leaving the land and putting everybody's name on it. But then that ended up making it harder –Zollie: Yes.Lee: Right, and I don't quite understand that, but, because everybody's name was on it, then everybody had to agree. If he would have left it to one person, then you could have all, that person could have worked it out. Is that how – Zollie: Yes, that is correct. Lee: The law works?Zollie: And then when the daughters and the sons, when they all passed, it went down to their children. And that meant more people had a hand in it now and everybody wanted their share, their portion of it. Because they're not used to the country living it, it didn't mean anything to 'em. It was just land. Lee: So it sounds like a generational thing. Zollie: Yes. Lee: And especially if you're, not only if you're not used to the country living, but if you didn't grow up there –Zollie: If you didn't grow up there.Lee: And you didn't really know Daddy Ike.Zollie: Mm hm. Lee: Is that also –Zollie: Yep.Lee: A factor?Zollie: I can see that. Yes.Lee: Okay. Zollie: Oh yes.Lee: Man, this is so interesting because it happens in so many families –Zollie: It does.Lee: Across the country. It really does. And this land out here more and more, it's getting more and more valuable.Zollie: Oh yes. It's just rich. Some parts of it is sand, but a lot of part – and it's, the stories that I've been told, Bowling is up under a lake. There's a lake flowing up under Bowling. Lee: Oh.Zollie: That's why it's so wet all the time in Bowling, and it is good for growing because the ground stays wet. That wet ground is fueling an agricultural economy that so many Black farmers – like my cousin – have been shut out of. It's enough to turn people away from farming altogether. I couldn't imagine being a farmer, but Zollie wasn't deterred. After leaving Uncle Ike's land, he and his wife purchased a plot and built a house on it in 2021. It's on the edge of Georgiana, six miles away from Uncle Ike's old farm. It's a four-bedroom, three-bath brick home which sits on three acres Zollie owns. He said it was important for him to own so that he could leave something behind – and he's already talked with his children in detail about succession planning. Lee: What I love about you is that you are one of the people who stayed. Zollie: Yes.Lee: And you are our connection to the past, which we desperately need. Because I think a lot of people feel like, ‘Well, where would I work in Georgiana,' ‘Where would I work in Greenville?' And then they end up leaving and then they lose that connection. And I think a lot of us have lost the connection, but you're still here with a farm. What does it mean to have land and to have a farm? What does it mean to you? What's the significance to you?Zollie: My kids can fall back on this land. They'll have something. Like when it comes to getting this house. My land helped me get my house built this way. And so I thank God for that. [music starts]I'm so glad that I was able to sit with my cousin Zollie and hear his story. Growing up in a suburb outside of a major city, the importance of land was never really impressed upon me. In some ways it felt regressive to make your living with your hands, but I understand so much clearer now how powerful it is to be connected to the land in that way. Imagine how independent you must feel to be so directly tied to the fruits of your labor – there's no middleman, no big corporation, and no one lording over you. When you have land, you have freedom. What must that freedom have felt like for the newly emancipated in the late 1800s? And how did it become such a threat that in the past century, Black people would lose over 90% of the farmland they once owned?Jillian: Land is power, because you not only own the soil, but, it's mineral rights, you know, which is what my family have, you know, is airspace. You know, you own everything when you, when you own acreage. These are some of the questions that led me to Jillian Hishaw. She's an agricultural lawyer with over 20 years of experience helping Black families retain their land. She previously worked in the civil rights enforcement office of the US Department of Agriculture, or USDA, and she founded a non-profit called FARMS that provides technical and legal assistance to small farmers. She's also the author of four books including Systematic Land Theft which was released in 2021. In our wide-ranging conversation, we talked about the history of Black farmland, how it was gained and how it was lost, and what people misunderstand about Black farmers in this country. Lee: I mean, you've done so much. What drew you to this work? Jillian: My family history. My grandfather was raised on a farm in Muskogee, Oklahoma. And when they relocated to Kansas City, Missouri, which is where I was born and raised, my great-grandmother moved up several years later, and they hired a lawyer to pay the property tax on our 160-acre farm. Our land was sold in a tax lien sale without notice being given to my grandfather or my great-grandmother. And so where my grandfather's house is, there's an oil pump going up and down because the land had known oil deposits. So that's why I do what I do. Lee: Okay. And I mean, wow, that, that is just such a familiar narrative. It sounds like this is a pervasive issue across the Black community –Jillian: Yes. Lee: How did Black people come to acquire farmland in this country? And when was the peak of Black land ownership? Jillian: Yes. So the peak was definitely in 1910. According to census data and USDA census data, we owned upwards to 16 to 19 million acres, and we acquired it through sharecropping. Some families that I've worked with were actually given land by their former slaveholders and some purchased land. Lee: Wow. Okay. And that dovetails with an interview that I did with my uncle in 1991 who told me that in his area of Alabama, Black people owned 10 to 15,000 acres of land. And when he told us that, we thought, ‘Well, he's old, and he probably just got the number wrong.' But it sounds that that's true. It sounds like Black people in various parts of the country could own tens of thousands of acres of land collectively. Jillian: Yes, yes, I know that for a fact in Alabama because I finished up school at Tuskegee University. So yes that is accurate. Your uncle was correct. Lee: Okay. And when and how did many of these families lose the land? Jillian: So the majority of land was lost after 1950. So between 1950 and 1975, we lost about half a million Black farms during that time. The primary reason why it was lost in the past was due to census data and then also record keeping. With the census data, they would state, ‘Oh, well, this farmer stated in his census paperwork that he owned 100 acres.' But then the recorder would drop a zero. Things of that nature. And so also courthouses would be burned. So let's take Texas, for example. There were over 106 courthouse fires. And a lot of those records, you know, were destroyed. Now, ironically, often during those courthouse burnings, the white landowners' records were preserved and, you know, magically found. But the Black landowners' records were completely destroyed, and they have no record of them to this day. Now, the primary reasons for the present land loss is predatory lending practices by US Department of Agriculture. Also, lack of estate planning. Lee: So for our family in particular, I mean, I never really understood the heirs property and how that ended up causing our family to have to, you know, get rid of the land or sell the land. Can you tell me about heirs property? What is it and why has it disproportionately affected Black landowners? Jillian: So over 60% of Black-owned land is heirs property, and the legal term is “tenants in common.” But, you know, most Black folk call it heirs property. And heirs property begins when a, traditionally a married couple will own the land outright in their names. And so it'll be Mr. and Mrs. Wilson. And if they don't have a will and they die, what's called intestate, and they die without a will, the state takes over your “estate distribution.” And when I say estate, that's all of your assets that make up your estate. So your property, your house, your car, your jewelry, your clothes, everything. And the state will basically say, ‘Okay, well, since you died without a will, then all of your living heirs will share equally,' you know, ‘ownership in whatever you left' in, you know, with Black farm families, that was the land, that was the homestead, that was the house. And so say Mr. and Mrs. Wilson pass away without a will, and they have 10 kids, and then those 10 have 100 kids and so forth and so on. And so, you know, five generations later, there's 300, you know, people that own, you know, 100-acre, you know, or 200-acre farm outright. And if one of those 200 heirs sells to a third party, oftentimes it's some distant cousin in LA or Pennsylvania for whatever reason, and they just sell their rights, to a developer often, that developer basically takes the place of that, you know, third cousin in LA. And they'll go around, like in the, you know, the Bessemer case in South Carolina, and they'll, you know, get another third cousin in San Francisco and in, you know, Arizona and in Houston and then they'll go to the court and they'll force the sale of the remaining, you know, 195 heirs because 200 were owners in what's called a court partition sale. And that's how we lose 30,000 acres each year so fast, so quick. Lee: Wow. And this is exactly, very similar to what happened to my cousin Zollie. I mean he was just heartbroken, because he didn't have the money to do it himself. And so he ended up getting some other land, but it was really hard for him. People talk about this in the context of saying, “We lost the land.” But there are others who might say, “Well, you didn't lose the land. You sold the land because you couldn't come to an agreement.” Is this a strategic way to wrestle land away from families? Jillian: Yes. In, in part. But, you know, Black people also have to accept responsibility. You know, I, I've tried years to get families to agree. I mean, you know, you have to come to some agreement. You can't just, you know, bicker about stuff that happened in 1979. I mean, you have to get past your own differences within your family. And that's part of the problem. And the families need to come together to conserve their land. Because, you know, I'll tell you right now, if my family had it any other way, we would come together to get our land back. I have taught workshops and written books. You know, I've written about four or five different books, and families have taken those books, you know, attended the workshops, and they've cleared their deed, you know, and it's heirs property. And so what I'm saying is that it can work. And I wish more families would, would do that because I've seen it work. Lee: We definitely don't want to take a victim mentality, but the legacy of white supremacy in this country sort of positions us to have tense relationships, because there's a lot of unaddressed things that happen, and there are a lot of secrets that are kept. [music]Lee: Tell me about the clashes over land between whites and Blacks. What did they look like, especially in the period following the Civil War? Jillian: So during Reconstruction and post-Reconstruction, we all know about the “40 acres and a mule” program and how, you know, within a year the land was given and then taken back. But there were landowners, particularly Black, of course, that got to keep the land, and some were located in South Carolina, primarily South Carolina, Georgia, and a few areas in Alabama. Of course, there were clashes with, particularly when the patriarch passed away, similar to to your ancestors. Whites would go to the land and force the Black mother and wife off of the land, and they would set the house on fire and just force them to, to get off the land. When she shared those details, I thought back to the family members who told me about Isaac Pugh's wife and my great-grandmother, Ella Pugh, and the horrifying situation she found herself in, with more than a dozen kids, a murdered husband, and a mob of men on horses coming by every night, screaming for them to leave. That's the part of this story that the newspaper article didn't contain. Uncle Ike said, “They were jealous of him.” He talked about Taylor, too, but also about a band of whites that he believed were working with him. The news reports said the murder was about livestock, but according to Uncle Ike, it was about land. The assaults on my family and many others were orchestrated, and institutional. And the attacks on Black landowners wasn't just about one white man resenting a Black man. The damage was often done by groups of people, and institutions, including government agencies like the United States Department of Agriculture. Lee: What was the impact of Jim Crow on Black land loss? Jillian: Well, it was definitely impactful. You know, again, going back to the, 1950 to 1975, half a million farms were lost during that time, and the equivalent now is 90%. We've lost 90% of the 19 million acres that we owned. You know, according to the 1910 census data. And, a lot of that is due to, you know, Jim Crow and, you know, various other factors. But, you know, this was predatory lending, particularly by USDA. And so you also need to look at USDA. And the reason why you need to look at USDA is because it's “the lender of last resort.” And that's basically the hierarchy and the present foundation of the USDA regulations right now. And it's admitted guilt. They, they've admitted it, you know, from the 1965 civil rights report, you know, to the CRAT report to the, you know, the Jackson Lewis report, you know, 10 years ago, that they purposely discriminate, particularly against Black farmers. And it's due to predatory lending. You look at the fact that between 2006 and 2016, Black farmers made up 13%, the highest foreclosure rate out of all demographics. But we own the least amount of land. And so, you know, that right there is a problem. Lee: What is the state of Black land ownership today and where is it really trending?Jillian: To me it's trending down. The '22, '22 USDA census just came out last month, and the demographic information will be out, I believe, June 26th. But, we own, you know, less than 2% according to the USDA census, but I believe it's like at 1%, because they include gardeners in that, in that number to inflate the numbers. But, but yeah. So it's, it's trending down, not up. Lee: Okay. And what do people get wrong about Black land ownership in this specific history? I mean, I know that there are everyday folks who have opinions that they speak about freely, as if they're experts, but also educators and journalists and policy makers and lawmakers. I mean, what do they get wrong about this history? Jillian: They portray the Black farmer as poor, illiterate, and basically don't know anything, but that's for, you know, that's far from the truth. I know families – five-generation, four-generation cotton farmers that own thousands of acres and are very, you know, lucrative. And so the, this portrayal of the, you know, the poor Black farmer, you know, dirt poor, land rich, cash poor is just a constant. And a lot of my clients don't even like talking to reporters because of that narrative. And it's, it's not true. Lee: I feel like it's missing that the majority of this land in this country was acquired unfairly. And on the foundation of violence and on the foundation of trickery – Jillian: Yes.Lee: And legal maneuvering. And I don't see that really as something that is known in the masses. Jillian: Correct. Lee: Or acknowledged. Is that true or –Jillian: That's true. Lee: Or am I off?Jillian: Yes. That's true. But with Black folk it wasn't, it's not true. So Black people earned the land. They, they worked, they paid, you know, for it. It wasn't acquired through trickery and things like that compared to the majority. You know, the 2022 USDA census, you know, 95% of US farmland are owned by whites. You know, as you know, similar to the 2017, you know, USDA census. And so that is often, you know, the case in history. That it was acquired through violence. Lee: Mm hm. And how would you like for the conversation around Black land ownership to grow and evolve? Where's the nuance needed?Jillian: I believe the nuance is through – like you referenced – financial literacy. We need to retain what we already have, and that's the mission of my work, is to retain it. And so we've saved about 10 million in Black farmland assets, you know, over the 11 years that I've been in operation through my non-profit. And it's important that we focus on retention. You know a lot of people call me asking, ‘Oh, can you help me, you know, find land, buy land,' but that's not my job. My job is to retain what we have. In my family's case, I wonder if the inability to reach an agreement on whether to keep Uncle Ike's land in the family would have been different if the younger generations would have had a chance to talk with Uncle Ike about the hell he went through to acquire it. Or maybe if they'd all had the opportunity to learn about the history of Black land loss and theft even in more detail. I just don't know. But what's clear is, though I don't hold any resentment about the decision, I do think it's just another example of how important studying genealogy can be. Not just the birth dates and the death dates, but the dash in between. Learning about our ancestors, and what they believed in, what they went through, and what they wanted for us. I know that's what a will was intended for; but in Uncle Ike's will, he thought he was doing the right thing by leaving the land to his children equally. I don't know if he knew about heirs property law. But even if he did, I suppose he never dreamed that the future generations would see any reason to let that land go. Not in a million years. [music starts] Lee: And what do you think about the debate around reparations, especially as it relates to land? I know that there was a really hyper visible case of a family in California that got significant land back. Do you think justice for Black farmers is achievable through reparations? Jillian: I believe it is, but I don't know if it's realistic because it's based on the common law. It's based on European law and colonial law. And so how are we supposed to get reparations when, you know, we can't even get, you know, fair adjudication within, you know, US Department of Agriculture. And so we're basing it, and we're trying to maneuver through a system that is the foundation of colonial law. And, I think that that will be very hard. And I think that we should take the approach of purchasing land collectively. Where are the Black land back initiatives? When are we gonna come together, you know, collective purchasing agreements? Lee: You're blowing me away. Jillian: Thank you. Lee: And I just really want to thank you for this work that you're doing. I believe that as a Christian, I'll say that I believe that what you're doing is God's work. And I just hope that you know that. And I just wanted to, to really just thank you. On behalf of my family, I thank you so much. Jillian: Thank you.Talking with Jillian Hishaw helped me clearly see that the racial terrorism and violence against my Black American family and countless others under Jim Crow was not solely physical but also economic. Hordes of white supremacists throughout America felt divinely and rightfully entitled to Black land, just as their forefathers did a century before with native land. They exploited unjust policies and the complacency of an American, Jim Crow government that often failed to hold them accountable for their murders and other crimes. Before Malcolm X yelled out for justice “by any means necessary,” Jim Crow epitomized injustice by any means necessary. This conversation deepened my understanding of the deadly penalty Black Americans paid for our determination, for daring to burst out of slavery and take our piece of the American Dream through working hard and acquiring land. Since 1837, I've had a family member killed every generation, and this reporting helped me understand why so many of them were killed over land and the audacity to move ahead in the society. So to see the deadly price family members paid only to see it lost or sold off by subsequent generations that are split as to how important the land is to them is truly eye-opening, something I see more clearly now.To understand part of the root of this violence, I have to travel back to uncover a part of my history I never thought about until I started researching my family. It's time to meet the Pughs – my white ancestors from across the Atlantic. Next time on What Happened in Alabama. What Happened In Alabama is a production of American Public Media. It's written, produced, and hosted by me, Lee Hawkins.Our executive producer is Erica Kraus. Our senior producer is Kyana Moghadam.Our story editor is Martina Abrahams Ilunga. Our producers are Marcel Malekebu and Jessica Kariisa. This episode was sound designed by Marcel Malekebu. Our technical director is Derek Ramirez. Our soundtrack was composed by Ronen Landa. Our fact checker is Erika Janik.And Nick Ryan is our director of operations.Special thanks to the O'Brien Fellowship for Public Service Journalism at Marquette University; Dave Umhoefer, John Leuzzi, Andrew Amouzou, and Ziyang Fu; and also thank you to our producer in Alabama, Cody Short. The executives in charge at APM are Joanne Griffith and Chandra Kavati.You can follow us on our website, whathappenedinalabama.org or on Instagram at APM Studios.Thank you for listening.

In this episode of No Walls, Preston and Taylor talk about some exciting news for the future and some similarities between Muskogee and Nazareth.

Larry Blakeburn was born in Muskogee, Oklahoma, but grew up in a mobile environment as his father prepared for and participated in full-time ministry. He has lived in Oklahoma, Arkansas, Texas, and Tennessee. He graduated from Greeneville High School, Bethel University, and later earned a Master of Divinity degree at Memphis Theological Seminary. Additionally, he was the first recipient of a Doctor of Ministry degree from MTS. Larry joined the United States Marine Corps in 1968 and served in Vietnam in 1969, where he was awarded the Vietnamese Cross of Gallantry. Larry was ordained on February 18, 1979. He has served five Cumberland Presbyterian churches: Bolivar CP Church, Bolivar, Tennessee, St. Luke CP Church, Ft. Worth, Texas, West Nashville CP Church, Nashville, Tennessee, Dyersburg First CP Church, Dyersburg, Tennessee, and First CP Church of Oak Ridge, Oak Ridge, Tennessee. Dr. Blakeburn was President of Memphis Theological Seminary from 1997-2001.  He has served as commissioner to General Assembly several times. Larry was on the Board of Trustees of Memphis Theological Seminary from 1985-1991. He served nine years on the Board of Trustees of Bethel University. Larry was on the General Assembly Organizational Task Force in 2006 and 2007 to evaluate how our denominational organization and structure work together, and on the General Assembly Evaluation Committee for Memphis Theological Seminary and the Historical Foundation which reported to the 189th meeting of General Assembly. He has been moderator of five different presbyteries and served on the Board of Missions and the Committee on the Ministry in those presbyteries. His philosophy of ministry revolves around trying to be a pastor for every member of his congregation and not just those who agree with him theologically, politically, and socially. “Every congregation that I have served has been made up of people from a variety of religious traditions and people who are politically and socially diverse. We accept absolutely everybody, but that does not mean that we agree with everybody or that we approve of everything they do. We are all in the process of being saved and we are trying our best to be like Christ. Adapted from the Cumberland Presbyterian magazine, May 2024.Music is provided by Pierce Murphy, Caldera Blue. Source:  https://www.freemusicarchive.org/music/Pierce_Murphy/through-the-olive-branches/caldera-blueComments: http://freemusicarchive.org/Additional comments:  modifications made to shorten and loop song for introduction and closing of podcast.Copyright Attribution and License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

Trever Carreon is back this week, on the heels of his latest show at Muskogee's historic Roxy Theater (headlined by our own Michael Zampino!) The guys check out the trailer for “Attack of the Meth Gator” (and the weirdly connected “Ebola Rex,”) and “Wicked” (and thepreviously released “Oz the Great and Terrible”.) Plus, what you can do with your mystery box.

Dr. Don G. Nelson specialized in Internal Medicine and pulmonology for 60 years. He graduated from the University of Illinois College of Medicine in 1965. Don became affiliated in Oklahoma with multiple hospitals including Hillcrest Hospital South, St. Francis Hospital, and the Veteran Affairs Hospital in Muskogee.He was born in Moline, Illinois, where he graduated Moline High School and then the University of Illinois. In 1973 he moved to Tulsa, Oklahoma, and was first associated with Springer Clinic.In addition to his medical career, Dr. Nelson became a triathlete and participated in three hundred Triathlons. His first triathlon was the first Hillcrest Ultimate Challenge. He was one of the pioneers of the sport in the Tulsa area and traveled to many countries while competing in World Championship events.Listen to Dr. Don Nelson talk about his love for the medical profession, his triathlon experience, and his advice for everyone, regardless of their age, to exercise for good health on the oral history website and podcast VoicesOfOklahoma.com.

I'm going to recap my weekend in Muskogee before telling you how to win Rocklahoma tickets! I've also got some need-to-know info from our newest sponsor and we'll throw some tunes from Arkhon at ya while you indulge in your late-night snack. So grab your refreshments and jump in the comments!Loud. Local. Live.Surviving Rocklahoma.Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/surviving-rocklahoma--4196214/support.

James Gray East grew up in Muskogee, Oklahoma and, while attending Oklahoma State University started, an underground newspaper which led to employment with the Daily Oklahoman.Realizing he was interested in crime reporting, he moved to Binghamton, New York to report on the Mafia for a Gannett-owned newspaper.  Moving back to Oklahoma, Jim worked for his hometown newspaper, The Muskogee Phoenix, and then was hired by the Tulsa Tribune where he became an editorial writer. When the Tribune closed in 1992, Jim became Chief of Staff for ten years for Tulsa Mayor Susan Savage. Then he began a career in the car rental business with Vanguard Car Rental company, later moving on to the Hertz Car rental company, becoming VP of Government Relations.Jim was deeply involved in the Tulsa community serving on many boards including the Metropolitan Tulsa Transit Authority and CAP-Community Action Project of Tulsa County. Jim was 69 when he died in Japan on April 16th, 2024.His oral history interview was recorded on February 6th, 2024.

For decades, country music has had a close and special relationship to the U.S. military. In his new book, Cold War Country, historian Joseph Thompson shows how the leaders of Nashville's Music Row found ways to sell their listeners on military service, at the same time they sold country music to people in uniform.Shane Harris spoke with Thompson about how, as he puts it, Nashville and the Pentagon “created the sound of American patriotism.” Thompson's story spans decades and is filled with famous singers like Roy Acuff, Elvis Presley, Merle Haggard, and Lee Greenwood. Collectively, Thompson says, these artists helped to forge the close bonds between their genre and the military, but also helped to transform ideas of race, partisanship, and influenced the idea of what it means to be an American. Songs, people, TV shows, and books discussed in this episode include: Thompson's book Cold War Country: How Nashville's Music Row and the Pentagon Created the Sound of American Patriotism https://uncpress.org/book/9781469678368/cold-war-country/ “Goin' Steady” by Faron Young https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MNqhVyPxPk8 Grandpa Jones https://www.countrymusichalloffame.org/hall-of-fame/grandpa-jones “Hee Haw” https://www.heehaw.com/ The Black Opry https://www.blackopry.com/ “Okie from Muskogee” by Merle Haggard https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=68cbjlLFl4U “Cowboy Carter” by Beyoncé https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/beyonce-cowboy-carter-tops-country-album-chart-number-one-1234998548/ “God Bless the U.S.A.” by Lee Greenwood https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-KoXt9pZLGM Learn more about Joseph Thompson and his work: https://www.josephmthompson.com/ https://www.history.msstate.edu/directory/jmt50 https://twitter.com/jm_thompson?lang=en Support this show http://supporter.acast.com/lawfare. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

For decades, country music has had a close and special relationship to the U.S. military. In his new book, Cold War Country, historian Joseph Thompson shows how the leaders of Nashville's Music Row found ways to sell their listeners on military service, at the same time they sold country music to people in uniform.Shane Harris spoke with Thompson about how, as he puts it, Nashville and the Pentagon “created the sound of American patriotism.” Thompson's story spans decades and is filled with famous singers like Roy Acuff, Elvis Presley, Merle Haggard, and Lee Greenwood. Collectively, Thompson says, these artists helped to forge the close bonds between their genre and the military, but also helped to transform ideas of race, partisanship, and influenced the idea of what it means to be an American. Songs, people, TV shows, and books discussed in this episode include: Thompson's book Cold War Country: How Nashville's Music Row and the Pentagon Created the Sound of American Patriotism https://uncpress.org/book/9781469678368/cold-war-country/ “Goin' Steady” by Faron Young https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MNqhVyPxPk8 Grandpa Jones https://www.countrymusichalloffame.org/hall-of-fame/grandpa-jones “Hee Haw” https://www.heehaw.com/ The Black Opry https://www.blackopry.com/ “Okie from Muskogee” by Merle Haggard https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=68cbjlLFl4U “Cowboy Carter” by Beyoncé https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/beyonce-cowboy-carter-tops-country-album-chart-number-one-1234998548/ “God Bless the U.S.A.” by Lee Greenwood https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-KoXt9pZLGM Learn more about Joseph Thompson and his work: https://www.josephmthompson.com/ https://www.history.msstate.edu/directory/jmt50 https://twitter.com/jm_thompson?lang=en Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

The world continues to turn and Enid Oklahoma proved it last night!"I'm Proud to Be An Okie from Muskogee" respectfully re-cut with lyrics: SOME LIKE TO SMOKE THE DEVIL'S DANDRUFF IN OKLAHOMAAND SOME OF US CARE TO HAVE THE AIR JANE FREESOME LIKE TO READ THE BIBLE SITTING OUT ON THE CHURCH STEPSAND SOME DON'T GO OUT AT ALL, BECAUSE HERE WE'RE FREE.WE DON'T ATTACK INNOCENT PEOPLE JUST FOR LOVIN'HOLD HANDS WITH YOUR SWEETHEART, GIVE A KISS OR TWOIT'S YOUR LOVE, YOUR LIFE, YOUR CHOICE HERE IN YOUR AMERICAJUDD NATIONALIST NOT BIG ENOUGH TO LEAD YOU I'M PROUD TO BE AN OKIE FROM MUSKOGEEENID, TULSA, LAWTON AND OKCSOMETIMES IN OKLAHOMA WE MIGHT NOT ALWAYS GET IT RIGHTBUT I'LL BREAK MY ASS TO FIX IT GUARANTEED.SS Jett (405) 521-5539 Kevin Hern Offices in Oklahoma and New York: (918) 935-3222 (202) 225-2211 Scott Fetgatter (405) 521-2711. Toll Free: (800) 522-8502. Markwayne Mullin (202) 224-4721 (918) 921-8520Don to Don! The Hankey Group is responsible for the Bond money if you haven't heard! Whos is Don Hankey and who's wankey is getting pulled?Norwegian Cruise Lines will leave your ass like anyone else would!

Welcome to E 83 Mary Musgrove the female founder of Savannah, GA.  Also y'all heads up!  In the beginning I talk about our old cat and it gets sad, so if you feel the need, please skip ahead. Y'all look for Enocha on the socials.  She has great history and spooky content.  On YouTube and tick tok look for “Salt Waves and Spanish Moss”.  Citations Alexander, K. L. (n.d.). Biography: Mary Musgrove. National Women's History Museum. https://www.womenshistory.org/education-resources/biographies/mary-musgrove Independence Hall Association. (n.d.). Creating the Carolinas. ushistory.org. https://www.ushistory.org/us/5c.asp Mary Musgrove - New Georgia encyclopedia. (n.d.). https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/history-archaeology/mary-musgrove-ca-1700-ca-1763 Support the show

Join us today as we sit down with Mindy Jackson to delve into the fascinating world of the Princess Contest in the Poarch Creek Indian community. Mindy, a former participant herself, shares her insights on the evolution of the contest, shedding light on the rigorous preparations contestants undergo. From intricate traditional arts like patchwork and beadwork to mastering the Muskogee language, these young ambassadors dedicate themselves to representing their tribe. Mindy emphasizes the importance of family support and the cultural department's pivotal role in shaping these young leaders. Contrary to misconceptions, the Princess Contest isn't just a beauty pageant; it's a platform for preserving tribal heritage, fostering pride, and instilling a deep sense of cultural identity. Join us as we uncover the rich tapestry of tradition, talent, and tenacity that defines the Princess Contest in the Poarch Creek Indian community![0:38] - Mindy shares a little bit of background information about herself.[2:08] - What are the requirements for running for the Princess Contest?[2:53] - Mindy explains how one goes about applying for the contest.[5:08] - Traditional attire is dress, ribbons, apron, shawl, accessories, and moccasins.[5:56] - How are judges chosen?[8:36] - Contestants acquire valuable knowledge, including history, art, and Muskogee language.[10:42] - Mindy shares that contestants often connect and form deep bonds.[11:37] - What do the winners of the contest win?[12:55] - Mindy reflects on the purpose and importance of the competition.[14:27] - Ambassadors travel to powwows, representing their tribe, attending meetings, and promoting cultural heritage.[15:58] - Ambassadors network and build relationships.[16:18] - What are ambassadors expected to do the day of the contest?[17:27] - It is emphasized that the competition is not just a beauty contest.[19:45] - All aspects of attire are handmade.[21:33] - The culture department educates princesses on history, language, art, and traditional skills.[24:05] - Princesses uphold dignity, serve as role models, and represent the tribe.[27:48] - This tradition did not start until 1970, so it's still relatively new.

Bass Reeves was born a slave in 1838 in Crawford County, Arkansas. Under the ownership of farmer and politician William Reeves, Bass Reeves worked alongside his parents and was a water boy until he became old enough to work as a field hand. William Reeves moved his farming operations, including his slaves, to Grayson County, Texas around 1846. Bass Reeves was known for his tall stature, good manners, and sense of humor, and it was in Texas that these characteristics caught the attention of his master's son, George. George Reeves eventually chose Bass to become his bodyguard and valet, and the two became rather loyal companions. When Texas sided with the Confederacy, George Reeves joined the Confederate Army and Bass went along with him.  It was during the Civil War that Bass and George Reeves parted ways—and many speculate the reasons for their parting. Some legends say that the two got into a heated dispute over a card game, others say that Bass overheard talk of “freeing slaves” and just ran away. Whatever the circumstance, Bass Reeves ended up in what was then called “Indian Territory,” in present-day Oklahoma. He took refuge with members of the Seminole, Cherokee, and Creek nations, learning their languages, customs, and tracking skills which served him well during his later law enforcement career. It was during this time that he also honed his skills with a pistol, and while he humbly claimed throughout his life that he was only a “fair” shot, he was regularly barred from turkey shooting competitions in the territory.  In 1863, Bass Reeves was ultimately freed from his life as a slave and a fugitive by the Emancipation Proclamation. He left “Indian Territory” and bought land near Van Buren, Arkansas, which he used to successfully farm and ranch. He married Nellie Jennie, a woman from Texas, in 1864, and they had 10 children. In addition to farming and ranching, Reeves occasionally worked as a scout and guide for U.S. Deputy Marshals entering “Indian Territory” on business of the Van Buren Federal Court.  Reeves officially began his law enforcement career in 1875 after the Federal Western District Court was moved to Fort Smith, Arkansas. He was hired as a deputy by Judge Isaac C. Parker, who had been tasked by President Ulysses S. Grant to “clean up Indian Territory.” Reeves was one of the 200 deputies hired by Judge Parker in 1875, and he was the only one on record that stayed until Oklahoma achieved statehood in 1907.   In his 32-year tenure as a U.S. Marshal, Reeves was known for his ruthlessness and his ability to catch outlaws that other deputies couldn't. Reeves was reportedly involved in a number of shootouts, yet was never injured. He stated once that he had killed 14 men in self-defense, and at the time of his death a newspaper had reported the number was actually 20. By 1901 it was reported that he had arrested 3,000 men and women who had broken federal laws in the Indian Territory—one of which was his own son who was convicted in the murder of his wife. Reeves achieved all of this while also being illiterate due to his background as a former slave, so he would memorize the warrants and writs he served. The Indian Territory was notoriously the most dangerous for federal law enforcement officers in the Old West—records show that 120 lost their lives before Oklahoma achieved statehood in 1907.   Bass Reeves himself escaped numerous assassination attempts as he was the most feared of federal officers in the Territory. Reeves retired from federal service upon Oklahoma's statehood in 1907 at the age of 67, but his law enforcement career was not yet over. He went on to serve a city policeman in Muskogee, Oklahoma, for two years prior to his death in 1910.    --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/momentsofgrace/message Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/momentsofgrace/support

[REBROADCAST FROM Oct 5, 2023] A new collection of Lenape folklore contains some stories published together in a book for the first time. Camilla Townsend, a professor of history at Rutgers, and Nicky Kay Michael, Interim President of Bacone College in Muskogee, Oklahoma, and a member of the Delaware tribe, join us to discuss their work on the collection, On the Turtle's Back: Stories the Lenape Told Their Grandchildren.

The latest episode of Late Edition: Crime Beat Chronicles is in partnership with the Tulsa World to introduce the story of the Osage Reign of Terror and the feature film Killers of the Flower Moon. In this bonus episode, show producer Ambre Moton is joined by two writers from the Tulsa World, Randy Krehbiel and Tim Stanley to dig a little deeper into some of the crimes committed during the Reign of Terror. More coverage Read all of the coverage of the film Killers of the Flower Moon and related stories here. All episodes from this series can be found here. Also, for more on the movie, listen to the latest episode of Streamed & Screened: Martin Scorsese's 'Killers of the Flower Moon' might be the best film you see this year. Episode transcript Note: The following transcript was created by Slack and may contain misspellings and other inaccuracies as it was generated automatically: Welcome to Late Edition Crime Beat Chronicles, a Lee Enterprises podcast. I'm Ambre Moton, the producer and editor of the show, filling in for Nat Cardona who is taking some well-deserved time off with the help of the reporters from the Tulsa World Crime Beat Chronicles spent the month of October telling the story of the Osage's and the reign of terror in the 1920s. Here's a bonus episode with the paper's Tim Stanley and Randy Krehbiel going into a little more detail about some of the crimes that took place. You know, one particular case that it's not mentioned in our story, but that I'm aware of and it was certainly mentioned in David Grann's book, was the the Case of William Stepson, a tribal member who died under mysterious circumstances and whose who's grandson is still alive in Osage County is a former Osage tribal court chief justice named Marvin Steps and William steps in. Apparently from from what we know. I mean, he'd gone out with some friends, came in later that night and laid down in his bed and and died. And he'd been out. I think he'd probably been drinking. This is you know, this is another way that, you know, this could have happened is, again, considering the historical context and the era of prohibition. Unregulated alcohol, bootleg whiskey, moonshine. I mean, everybody consumed this stuff. It was unregulated. Was not uncommon for someone to get, you know, a bad batch of alcohol, of moonshine and die from it. This was another way that you could potentially kill someone if you wanted to is just spike their whiskey. That may be what happened to William stepson is that he he got some bad whiskey. And, you know, his his grandson, Marvin, who who believes based on what he knows, he believes that it was strychnine, which was a poison that was very common and easy to come by and very, very effective. But it just it made no sense. Still makes no sense to Marvin that, you know, this perfectly otherwise healthy young man. His you know, his grandfather, William, just went out for a night. Everything was fine, comes home and does in bed in his sleep. Yeah. In a lot of the lists that you see, of the 24 victims, you will see William Stepson's name. I think it's been pretty commonly accepted among the people who've looked into this that we know enough in the case of William Steps and to to to declare him a victim, although again, like in other similar deaths, his was never investigated as a homicide that you know, that's you know, there's just so many so many opportunities to kill someone discretely. I don't know if it's the right word, but you don't have to shoot somebody. Fact, if you're going to shoot him, maybe, you know, it's hard to say why. You know, Henry Roane and some of the others were were killed as violently as they were, which would draw attention. You know, the fact is something was amiss that the killer was afoot unless it was to inspire terror. But so many of these other ones that were not are not necessarily connected to the two William Hale and his conspirators, maybe a marvin stepson, you know, or others. It's just hard to say. It could have been could always, always be a family member. And that's that's just one of the sad facts of this story, is is how quickly or how greed could could lead someone to kill a loved one, you know, to to get access to their to their wealth. I mean, that could be what we're talking about here with stepson and any number of others who died under suspicious circumstances like that. David Grann's book and the movie, they they each pull out the figure or the character of Mollie Burkhart and make her kind of the central figure in the story, you know. But Molly ultimately survives an attempt on her life. But that but her family was hit as hard as any. As far as we know. You know, in this in this story, she lost her wife. I'm sorry. Molly lost her a sister, potentially two sisters, and then her mother as well. And then and then did survive an attempt on her life. But one of her sisters, Anna Brown, is also sort of pivotal in the story because she is considered really to be the first victim. Now, again, it depends on where you start counting. Anna Brown was a she was clearly a homicide. Again, like Henry Rollins, she was shot in the head and found in the countryside outside of town. But she yes, she she's generally recognized as the first victim of what you know, what would become known as the reign of terror. And she was a sister to Mollie Burkhart. And they also had a sister named Rita Smith. Rita would also be killed. She was killed later, that one family. I mean, so many of the graves in in the tribal cemetery there in Gray Horse, which is where it's located in in Osage County. So many of the graves there are of family members of Molly's. And Molly's is there, too. She would die years later, not of suspicious circumstances, although undoubtedly the stress from this ordeal and she was already in poor health. Undoubtedly. I mean, you know, she it affected her and she she didn't live too much longer, too many more years after this. But, yeah, Molly's family, just a traditional Osage family. Her mother, you know, still believed very much in the old ways. Molly and her sisters were more, I guess, assimilated, so to speak. You know, they they had taken up and I. Anna Brown. Yes. She was found fatally shot May 1921. She disappeared days earlier. So she's considered really the first, although, you know, again, we could go back and probably find some suspicious deaths. With the Osage as they all when they started, they all had equal share. So any Osage was worth, you know, some some sort of money from their head. Right. Whereas with the Muskogee and the Cherokees, their mineral rights were tied to their individual allotment. So if you were if you were a member of one of those tribes that had a particularly valuable allotment, you could be targeted. And and so in some cases, you know, 19 six, 19, 1908, there were people who were disappearing. Some of them turned up alive somewhere else. Some of them were never found. There's a story about a creek boy, for instance, who went missing and they all thought he had been killed. Well, it turned out when one of his some businessmen had sent him to England to get him out of the way, they got him to sign, signed a lease on his allotment, and they sent him to England to get him out of the way. But he was still. Anyway, as far as the Osage, it really began to intensify. It seems like, you know, 19, probably around 1920. And that coincides with when the the the the height of the ban. Now, your article mentions an Osage, a young woman being kidnaped, I believe. Is that the woman you were referencing when you were talking about how she held what, eight had rights or something? Yeah, that's who I was thinking of. Yeah, this was and this was I think it was in the late twenties, but people would find a way to in this, especially white people would find a way to get power over, you know, get control of somebody. A lot had rights. In her case, there was some kind of a marriage or something set up with a with the local guy who apparently was just a front for some bigger group. And he took her off to Colorado Springs and and kept her there. And in this case, you know, lots of times the Guardians are are portrayed in an unfavorable eye. But in this case, he may have had self-interest. I don't know. But in this case, The Guardian went and found her and and got her back. Got her back to Oklahoma. And in the end, the ring was broken up. I think there were probably a lot of, you know, white people to who were not comfortable and in some cases were absolutely opposed to what was going on. But I didn't want to I don't want to make it sound like it's an equal thing. But the white people sometimes were affected by the reign of terror, too, because there were a couple of white guys tried to stand up for the hostages and they were murdered. And so it was it really was a reign of terror. It was pretty much on everybody who lived there in one way or another. And again, I want to stress, I'm not equating everybody the same, but it trickled down to a lot of different people. And as always, thanks for listening to Late Edition Crime Beat Chronicles. Don't forget to hit that subscribe button so you don't miss what's ahead.  See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

One way Indigenous cultures keep kids in line is with frightening traditional stories that have a moral or practical lesson. They include tales of children being dragged underwater for wandering too close to the sea or getting haunted by bad spirits if they don't respect their parents. We're gathering around the microphone, turning off the lights, and listening to spooky stories from Cherokee, Muskogee, Inuit, and other storytellers, with special guest host Alyssa Yáx̱ Ádi Yádi London. GUESTS Choogie Kingfisher (United Keetoowah Band of Cherokee Indians in Oklahoma), storyteller and 2019 Cherokee National Treasure Chris “Honka” Hill (Muskogee Creek), co-host of the Spirit Talkers Podcast

The latest episode of Late Edition: Crime Beat Chronicles is in partnership with the Tulsa World to introduce the story of the Osage Reign of Terror and the upcoming film Killers of the Flower Moon. In this episode, show producer Ambre Moton is joined by two writers from the Tulsa World, Randy Krehbiel and Tim Stanley, to discuss the motives for the murders and detail some of the crimes and the environment of fear that the Reign of Terror caused in the Osage community. More coverage Read all of the coverage of the film Killers of the Flower Moon and related stories here. All episodes from this series can be found here. Also, for more on the movie, listen to the latest episode of Streamed & Screened: Martin Scorsese's 'Killers of the Flower Moon' might be the best film you see this year. Episode transcript Note: The following transcript was created by Slack and may contain misspellings and other inaccuracies as it was generated automatically: Welcome to Late Edition Crime Beat Chronicles, a Lee Enterprises Podcast. I'm Ambre Moton, the producer and editor of the show, filling in for Nat Cardona who's taking some well-deserved time off. If you haven't listened to the last episode introducing our latest topic, The Osage Reign of Terror. Go check it out before listening to this one.  Today, we're continuing our look at the series of suspicious deaths in the 1920s of members of the Osage tribe in Oklahoma in the early 1900s. Oil was found on the land that the Osage is had purchased, but the Tulsa World's Randy Krehbiel explains more. The story is that for a long, long time, Indians had known that there were these oil seeps. You know, we're seeing oil would seep out of the ground and it'd be in springs and things like that. But through most of the 1800s, there wasn't really a lot of use for that. Well, they they actually they would use it for like rim remedies and things like that. It was considered medicinal. And so, of course, it wasn't until the invention of things like kerosene lamps and the internal combustion engine that that oil became more valuable. And so the first the first commercial oil well in Oklahoma or what became Oklahoma, this was completed in 1897, just outside the Osage Reservation, just on the eastern edge of it. And a couple of years later, the first well then was drilled in Oklahoma and about that time. And so this was around, you know, around 1900. And that was about the time we were starting to see motor vehicles and and again, kerosene was already pretty popular. People tend to forget that the first use of oil as as we think of it today, was actually kerosene and to use in lamps and things like that. So anyway, that was in the early 1900s, around 1900. And by O 1905 or 1906, they knew they had, you know, quite a bit right around the time of World War One is when it really picked up from like about, you know, about the mid 19 teens through around 1929 was kind of the height of the oil boom. And the Osage nation, the Osage is actually had relative little control over their own affairs. Almost all of that was handled by what now is the Bureau of Indian Affairs or or by the guardians that were appointed. You know, a lot of a lot of them had somebody who was appointed to handle their business affairs because they were not thought to be competent to handle their business affairs. So a lot of that was out of their hands. And also, I think a lot of them, especially the older ones, probably didn't even really completely understand what was going on. But when they first moved there, they probably mainly wanted to just be left alone and and it pretty became pretty soon became apparent that they were not going to be able to do that. When did the Osage reign of terror really begin? There's not really a definite date. So the killers of the Flower Moon, basically the book follow the is a period from about 1921 to about 1929. But there were probably people dying as early as 1912, 1910 or something like that. And interestingly enough, I mean, similar type things were going on in the adjoining Muskogee Creek Nation. The Cherokees had some of that going on. It was a different situation because with the Osage, as they all when they started, they all had equal share. So any Osage was worth, you know, some some sort of money from their head. Right. Whereas with the Muskogee and the Cherokees, their mineral rights were tied to their individual allotment. So if you were if you were a member, one of those tribes that had a particularly valuable allotment, you could be targeted. And and so in some cases, you know, 19 six, 1907, 1908, there were people who were disappearing. Some of them turned up alive somewhere else. Some of them were never found. As far as the Osage, it really began to intensify. It seems like, you know, 19, probably around 1920. And that coincides with when the the the the the height of the boom. So, you know, the boom was really taking off in the late teens, early twenties. By the late twenties, I'm sorry, the late teens, early twenties, it was pretty well subsiding by the late twenties. A very quick reminder about the Osage as mineral rights, the original allotments of the mineral rights were divided into over 2200 shares, which were called head rates as people died, had babies, got married, etc. those rights began moving around and you had some people with multiple rights and some with fractional rights. Making things even more complicated was the ability to pass had rights to non-tribal areas. I spoke with Randi's colleague, Tim Stanley about the series of crimes that earned the name the Osage reign of terror. I am Tim Stanley, reporter here for the Tulsa World have been with the world for a little over 20 years, the reign of terror. I think that was a term that was probably coined maybe by a journalist. I'm not real sure of the origins of it, but I know it did appear in some of the newspapers of the time, but it was a reference to a series of murders that took place among Osage Nation tribal members in the early 1900s. Specifically, I think they date them or officially to like 1921 to 26, that a five year span. Of course, as we as David Grant in his book has pointed out, and as we also did in our series, the the exact years that this took place and the true number of victims probably were probably talking about a much larger span than just that five years. But the murders were, you know, committed by I mean, there was a conspiracy involved. But at the same time, there were a lot of people just individually taking the opportunity they saw to to cheat and exploit and white people taking the opportunity to cheat and exploit their Osage neighbors there in Osage County. But yeah, I just I mean, I think specifically the reign of terror and the word terror there refers to, you know, just how this atmosphere of dread and terror that that really materialized in Osage County. Among the tribal citizens. Thereafter, I think the first three or four killings, I mean, when it kind of became obvious that that these were connected and that potentially anyone who was a member of the tribe could be next. So, yeah, it was I mean, as reported in the newspapers at the time and as David Grann and others have chronicled, it was a time of heightened fear. You had many this was I mean, the electric light bulb in that at that time was still a relatively new innovation. But for a lot of the people, Osage tribal members living outside of the town of Pawhuska or some of the other towns, they lived in the countryside. And Grant describes this in his book that they began to put up electric lights on their properties at night in such a way that they just really are shown for miles around. And they were doing that really out of fear, out of what might be out there in the darkness. Of course, as as we would come to find out, it was less the danger that was out there in the darkness. For many of these folks. It was less what was out there as opposed to what was was inside and close to them. Many of the murders, as it turns out, were committed very sadly by people They trusted, people they knew, family members, close family members, spouses, people who who would then have access to their oil wealth, which was really the motive behind it all. How many victims were there officially? Officially, this is this is where it's interesting, the number that has been tossed around, you know, for years, even before the grand book was was 24. And where that. Which is a lot in a nutshell. That's definitely I mean, it should be eye opening, just as it is today. People know where that comes from. It's interesting, You know, the federal investigators at the time who investigated this case and ultimately, you know, brought charges that that number was one that they put out there. And I think their exact words were they believed that there were at least 24 victims. So they were even, you know, in their language, I think, leaving it open for more. But the 24, you know, that's that's the number that has sort of been, you know, considered official. But, you know, the problem with it, as you know, as we as would as we found out and in our own reporting and as has been reported, you know, my grand you know, the T4, you know, is probably well shy, well short of what the true number was. You know, the problem with the 24 is that and and it's given rise to so much speculation is in saying that there were at least 24 you know, federal investigators didn't give you give or provide a list of those 24. So all we've been able to do, you know, in retrospect, and that includes, you know, the tribal members who've looked into this, is sort of speculate at the top for themselves. Now, some of them are obvious. Three homicides that ended up, you know, charges being brought in that were investigated as homicides. But then you had many others that were just the circumstances were probably suspicious, but they were never investigated as homicides. It's just it's really in other words, it's really hard to come up with a definitive list of the 24 that, you know, federal investigators, you know, thought were were victims here. You know, you'll find lists out there where people speculate on who they might have been. And between those lists, some names or certainly they have in common. But yeah, they didn't they didn't do us any favors when they put that number out there all those years ago and then didn't bother to elaborate on on who that might be. All of them outside of the ones in their specific cases. I think the best thing you can say about it is it's more of a starting point. I mean, it's it's a number that was put out there by the people who investigated it. So it's worth considering. But the problem is we don't even know who the 424 were. And and we now have reason to believe that there were many more in addition to that, that was never made the list. So. So that's that's where the number comes from. And just a little background on it. I guess, unofficially, members of the Osage tribe, do they have another estimate for victims? And when we had a chance to sit down with some of the tribal officials and we talked to the chief Standing bear. Chief for Standing Bear, the principal chief. He said, you know, once there was a time many, many years ago, several decades, when when they were sort of informally talking about this just amongst themselves. And again, very informal, he said. But the number they came up with was I would have put it at well over a hundred killed for their oil wealth during that time span and that it would have been roughly 5% of the tribe's then population, which is pretty eye opening. And he said, you know, even then there were other some of the older members of the tribe who maybe had, you know, who were around even back at the time, who thought that estimate was too low. So, you know, so the tribe unofficially, based on that very informal internal investigation, you know, suggested or proposed well over 100, I mean, 100 compared to 24. So we're talking a death toll, you know, really far exceeding that original estimate. But as you know, Chief Standing Bear pointed out to us, there's just nothing there's no way to do anything with that. There's no way to to, you know, make it any more official than just that. It's pure speculation because that's all you can do, really. A hundred years removed from the events when the when the when the deaths were not necessarily investigated as homicides and when when all you've got or family stories or family suspicions. I mean, that's all you can do is speculate. I mean, it's nothing wrong with that. Speculation can be a good thing. And in this case, I think it is a good thing. But as he would say and remember, it is speculation. It's just it's something we can never know, unfortunately. The way people were killed, it wasn't the same. It wasn't everyone was shot or whatever. No, that would have that sure to have made it a lot easier. Right. From a from an investigative standpoint. But no, you could probably put them into categories. And that's, you know, the ones that were obviously violent and there were many shootings. There was a you know, as it's going to be vividly, I think, portrayed in the movie, there was a house that was dynamited and blown up. Three people killed in it. So those I mean, obviously, you know, those didn't take Sherlock Holmes to to know that you were dealing with homicides. But there were a lot of others, you know, that were just very quiet and just where the, you know, the homicide, if, in fact, that's what it was, just just wasn't obvious and would have taken some serious investigation and in most cases was not done. And in the article that you wrote about how the total number of victims, you know, we may or we will never know the total number of victims compared to what's officially on record. You talked about a few specific or wrote about a few specific stories. Is there anything about those that you'd want to share on the podcast? You know, it's difficult, you know, a hundred years removed to find people who can talk about it or family members that still remember. I you know, we I guess, you know, centrally or especially important to our story was, you know, an interview we did with former Osage principal chief Jim Gray, who is the great grandson of one of the one of the pivotal, pivotal figures, you know, in the whole story. And that was Henry Roan, who was one of the victims and who was a victim who ultimately it was his his slaying that that Hale and the others held accountable were charged for Henry, you know, ended up being a pivotal figure in the story. He was he was murdered, found, you know, shot in the head. He was one of the early murders. He was a he wasn't the first, but it was his that I think, as we mentioned, really, really sort of triggered the terror as we called it at that point, that people could really connect the dots and see that that somebody was out to get these tribal members. But yeah, I think the interview with with former Chief Gray about his his great grandfather was was critical to our story because, number one, I mean, Henry is is so important to the overall story but also just the insights that that Jim Gray could give a contextual understanding of the other forces at work in Henry's life and in helping or making him who he was at that point in his life. But yeah, I mean, he never you know, Jim Gray never had a chance to know his great grandfather. He just knew him through things that his mother would tell him about Henry, who was her grandfather. You know, we went to one of the interviews we did was with the former executive director of the Osage History Museum in Pawhuska, which is a sort of a repository there of a lot of tribal history and artifacts. So a wonderful place if you ever get a chance to go. But the former executive director of that is the lady still lives in that era area named Katherine Red Corn. She talked to us. She she was interviewed by David Grann for his book Killers of the Flower Moon and in it as as in our interview, you know, she talks about an exhibit that they did and there that really sort of, I think from David Grann's own recollections, really sort of launched him on this mission to write this book. And that was an exhibit of of photos from tribal members from the early 1900s, many of whom would have been caught up in this in the reign of terror when they first put this exhibit together. I think Grann came in later and he saw it and was moved by it. But the reason I mean, we want to talk to Katherine about that, because that was pivotal. But she has a family story that I think illustrates what a what a lot of a large number of families have been left to live with as far as questions about a relative's demise and not being able to know for sure whether it was connected. She she told us about, you know, her grandfather, a man named Raymond Red Corn, who died. And this is important. He died in 1931 of suspicious circumstances. And the reason that's important is that if he died in 1931 and his his death is connected to the reign of terror, well, that's you know, the official span was 1921 to 1926 that these killings took place. So if if his death was connected, it shows that they spanned not only farther than that, but end of the next decade. And, you know, we want to be careful with this because, as she said, you know, we really don't know anything for sure. But there there there's always been suspicions surrounding her grandfather's death and that he apparently, based on what things that he said at the time that were that have been passed on, he believed that his his wife at the time, in 1931, I believe, would have been his second wife was actually poisoning him. And he from what Catherine and others told us, you know, if you went over to his house during that time period, he would advise you, don't eat anything while you're here. Don't drink anything. You know, he clearly believes something was going on. And then and then what do you know? One day he dies and now he had had a protracted illness. He had been growing weaker. Well, the only thing we can say, you know, and it really is circumstantial, you know, case. But, you know, the the evidence does seem to fit the patterns of of other what we might call other poisonings. And one thing that makes this so difficult is, is some of these killings were were it was very obvious that they were homicides that you because they were violent. I mean, like with Henry who was shot in the head, I mean, there was no denying it. But with many, many others that that people in retrospect now, we believe, were suspicious. I mean, the cause was just not so obvious. And this was an era when when poisonings were very common, a lot of murders by poison. And depending on, you know, what the substance was and how it was administered, it could be very hard to detect. Now, they could, you know, if they did an autopsy and they did a what we now call a toxic toxicological do talks on it, they could determine that poison was present. They did have that. They did have that capacity. Then, however, you know, if if there was no obvious reason to do it and and you also were dealing with potentially corrupt authorities who were not inclined to look too closely, a lot of these a lot of these deaths were never investigated. We have to take a quick break. So don't go too far. The reign of terror did just that, created an atmosphere of fear in the Osage community. Fear of violence and fear that authorities weren't going to help, even if someone were to speak up. Randy explained how this fear impacted the investigations. The earliest? Well, it was called the Reign of Terror because people just lived in terror. They were afraid to to talk. And when the FBI came in there in 1923 to try and sort things out in their in their letters and reports and so forth, from that time, you know, they talk about how people are just terrified to talk and and they would not talk to outsiders at all. And in fact, is as is been talked about a lot with with this book and movie. They wound up putting some some men undercover to try and insinuate themselves into the community so they could get information. And because people were afraid if they if they told what they knew or what they thought and they were honest about it, they they'd be killed. And and this and this was true of a lot of other people in And, you know, I think Molly Burkhart, at one time, she told her priest that she was afraid. People just, you know, people, people who were not part of the and even some of them who were part of the these these organizations that were that were doing these things were afraid to talk about it. And sometimes they were afraid to talk about it because they were involved, too. You know, but but they often they were afraid to talk about it because of repercussions against themselves. And, you know, so again, you'd have people just go missing their bodies, you know, that that would turn out you know, they'd find them out in the in the oil field or or in a ravine or or you'd have one thing that happened a lot was was unexplained deaths. People would, you know, quote, get sick and die. And that happened with Molly Burkhart mother. And and at least and in one of her, at least one of her sisters, where they, uh, they called it like mysterious wasting disease and things like they didn't really have a name for it. And the FBI suspected the local doctor was in on it, that he that he knew what was going on. And he was, you know, making it worse or at least reporting it. Maybe taking kickbacks from the perpetrators. Well, yes, exactly. Some people some of these folks suffered from diabetes and they weren't being. Now, treating diabetes, I think in those days was probably a lot more difficult anyway. But they were not like, we're not helping it anyway. Mm hmm. And it you know, it was just. It... Was it was a time when you just had to, you know, be careful about every little thing you did and said. And this is where we wrap things up today. Thanks for listening to Late Edition, Crime Beat Chronicles. Hit that subscribe button so you don't miss. Our next episode will pick up with the investigation and who was held responsible- or not- for the murders during the Osage reign of terror.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

OKlatober – Halloween Bonanza – Muskogee, Oklahoma – onlyinokshow.com

A new collection of Lenape folklore contains some stories published together in a book for the first time. Camilla Townsend, a professor of history at Rutgers, and Nicky Kay Michael, Interim President of Bacone College in Muskogee, Oklahoma, and a member of the Delaware tribe, join us to discuss their work on the collection, On the Turtle's Back: Stories the Lenape Told Their Grandchildren. Townsend will be speaking on Indigenous People's Day at the National Museum of the American Indian, for NYC's Indigenous People's Day Open House.  

Chet's Dairy Freeze – Muskogee, Oklahoma – onlyinokshow.com

Is Dennis Rader, infamously known as the BTK Killer, responsible for more murders than we initially thought? This is the chilling question that lingers as new evidence comes to light, potentially linking him to several unsolved cases.    On a recent episode of the podcast "Hidden Killers", Osage County, Oklahoma undersheriff Gary Upton delved deep into the newly reinvigorated investigation of Dennis Rader. As Tony Brueski, the podcast host, noted, this is a topic that many may have seen on television or read brief excerpts about. But in this podcast episode, Upton offered comprehensive insights, painting a picture much grimmer than the condensed news bites have so far revealed.    Dennis Rader, who termed himself the BTK Killer (Bind, Torture, Kill), is already incarcerated for the heinous murders of ten individuals. However, the Osage County Sheriff's Office believes there might be more. Upton discussed the case of Cynthia Dawn Kinney, a 16-year-old cheerleader abducted in broad daylight in 1976, suggesting that clues point towards Rader.    Brueski asked, “Why now?”. Upton explained that in December 2022, their sheriff stumbled upon a Netflix documentary titled Catching Killers, specifically an episode about the BTK Killer. A series of connections were made – the proximity of Wichita and Park City to Pahuska, Rader's employment with ADT (a major alarm installation company at the time), and a journal entry by Rader from 1976 that ominously hints at a “bad wash day”.    Upton unveiled a series of connections, from his journal entries hinting at the unsolved crimes to physical evidence. They discovered Polaroid pictures of Rader in women's clothing, potentially the clothing of his victims. The red blanket from a case near Muskogee, which matches a blanket Rader was photographed with, is of particular interest.    Another alarming connection was with Shauna Beth Garber from Anderson, Missouri. Upton expressed strong suspicion about four cases, but suggested that other agencies believe there could be up to ten additional victims.    Kerry Rawson, the daughter of the BTK Killer, also weighed in with valuable insights that aid the ongoing investigation. With agencies across various jurisdictions coming forward, the scope of this investigation is expansive.    Upton discussed a significant breakthrough at the former property of Rader in Park City, Kansas. Acting on a lead from Rader's correspondence with a fan, investigators dug up a mason jar buried beneath a shed, containing damning evidence.    As Upton said, "Everyone that I've talked to believes definitely 100%. He killed more than 10 people." This statement, in its haunting certainty, casts a dark shadow over the already grim legacy of the BTK Killer.    The podcast also touched upon challenges the team faces – from decades-old evidence to the complexities of linking seemingly unrelated pieces together. However, the dedication of the Osage County Sheriff's Office, combined with the gravity of the crimes, ensures that every lead will be meticulously explored.    The conversation with Undersheriff Gary Upton serves as a testament to the dedication of law enforcement officers who tirelessly work on cold cases, bringing justice to victims and their families, no matter how much time has passed.    To close, we're left with an unsettling question: If the evidence has been sitting there for decades, what other dark secrets might the BTK Killer hold? Want to listen to ALL of our podcasts AD-FREE? Subscribe through APPLE PODCASTS, and try it for three days free: https://tinyurl.com/ycw626tj Follow Our Other Cases: https://www.truecrimetodaypod.com The latest on Catching the Long Island Serial Killer, Awaiting Admission: BTK's Unconfessed Crimes, Chad & Lori Daybell, The Murder of Ana Walshe, Alex Murdaugh, Bryan Kohberger, Lucy Letby, Kouri Richins, Justice for Harmony Montgomery, The Murder of Stephen Smith, The Murder of Madeline Kingsbury, and much more! Listen at https://www.truecrimetodaypod.com