Podcasts about Animal science

In this powerful episode, we are honored to welcome Brigadier General Roger S. Giraud, the 21st Chief of the U.S. Army Medical Service Corps (MSC), Commanding General of Medical Readiness Command–Europe, Command Surgeon for U.S. Army Europe and Africa, and Director of the Defense Health Network Europe. With a career spanning over three decades, BG Giraud brings unmatched leadership experience across tactical, operational, and strategic levels. In this episode, he shares the vision and strategy to achieve the future of the Medical Service Corps and breaks down what it takes to build, grow, and lead a world-class team of Medical Service Corps Officers and Warrant Officers.Episode Highlights:People Are the Priority: BG Giraud outlines our three strategic priorities for the Medical Service Corps. Recruit phenomenal talent, Develop it deliberately, and Retain the best to meet Army modernization demands.Talent Management: Why it's essential for officers to master their craft, advocate for their careers, and understand the flexibility of the MSC structure.The Future of Army Medicine: A candid discussion on leveraging data, artificial intelligence, and structure changes to make the MSC more adaptable and impactful.Mentorship & Leadership: Reflections from a career that spans Kosovo, Iraq, Afghanistan, Korea, Germany, the Pentagon, and beyond. BG Giraud shares the leadership principles that shaped him and how MSC officers at all levels can apply them.Practical Advice for Officers: Whether you're just commissioning or preparing for strategic-level command, BG Giraud offers honest guidance for career growth, resilience, and staying mission ready.Call to Action: BG Giraud emphasizes staying relevant, investing in professional development, and keeping MSC officers at the forefront of the Medical Service Corps mission “conserve the fighting strength now and into the future so others may live.”About BG Roger S. Giraud. BG Giraud is a Distinguished Military Graduate of Texas A&M, with dual bachelor's degrees in Biomedical and Animal Science. He earned his Master of Health Administration from Baylor University and a Master of Strategic Studies from the U.S. Army War College. His command and staff roles include battalion, brigade, and division-level leadership; deployments to Iraq, Kosovo, and Afghanistan; and multiple executive roles at OTSG and MEDCOM HQ. His awards include the Legion of Merit, Bronze Star, Expert Field Medical Badge, German Armed Forces Proficiency Badge (Gold), and membership in the Order of Military Medical Merit. He is also the recipient of The Surgeon General's prestigious “A” Proficiency Designator.Pro Tip: Watch alongside the MSC Strategy Map on our YouTube channel to follow BG Giraud's discussion in action.Book reference: The History of the U.S. Army Medical Service Corps by Richard V.N. Ginn, https://www.amazon.com/History-Medical-Service-Richard-2015-10-19/dp/B01K3JNXHEDisclaimer: The views expressed in this podcast are the guests and host's alone and do not reflect the official position of the Medical Service Corps, the Department of Defense, or the US Government. All information discussed is unclassified approved for public release and found on open cleared sources.For more episodes listen on Apple Podcasts, Spotify, or YouTube @ Be All You Can Be MSC For more information, suggestions, or questions please contact: beallyoucanbemsc@gmail.com

This episode was recorded in Fort Wayne, Indiana, during the 2025 Tri-State Dairy Conference.Dr. Fessenden gives an overview of his presentation which covered both research and field information on automated milking systems. He recommends going back to basics and formulating a rumen-friendly PMR with a complementary palatable feed that encourages the cows into the robot system. (5:57)The panel discusses ideas for driving cows to the robot on different types of PMRs, management of transition and late lactation cows in automated milking systems, and the use of custom pellets versus other supplemental feeds in the robot. (9:04)Dr. Fessenden talks about some of his experiences visiting automated milking systems in Europe and some of the differences between European and North American approaches to diet formulations in automated systems. The group goes on to talk about different options for supplemental feed formulations in the robot. (18:38)Dr. Fessenden and Dr. Tylutki share ideas for how feeding technology could help both traditional and automated milking farms in the future. They discuss more precise grouping of cows and targeted feeding of those groups to better match requirements, as well as how movement to different pens and diet changes can impact milk production. (23:45) Dr. Tylutki updates the group on advancements in the AMTS balancing tools for multiple robot feeds. He and Dr. Fessenden describe the challenges of developing new tools that are streamlined and user-friendly for nutritionists. They also delve into the role artificial intelligence and machine learning might play in ration balancing in the future. (29:32)Dr. Fessenden encourages nutritionists to think outside the box when working with automated milking herds to make decisions that are right for that particular farm. Dr. Tylutki chimes in with advice to spend time actually watching the cows on the farm, and Dr. Van Soest echoes this sentiment when it comes to troubleshooting issues with the robots themselves. Don't just assume it's an issue with the ration - ask or observe for yourself what may have changed on the farm that could contribute to the issue the farm is facing. (40:02)Panelists share their take-home thoughts. (45:20)Please subscribe and share with your industry friends to invite more people to join us at the Real Science Exchange virtual pub table.  If you want one of our Real Science Exchange t-shirts, screenshot your rating, review, or subscription, and email a picture to anh.marketing@balchem.com. Include your size and mailing address, and we'll mail you a shirt.

This episode was recorded in Fort Wayne, Indiana, during the 2025 Tri-State Dairy Conference.Dr. Schwanke begins by describing how we can shape cattle personalities through handling and management and adapting our strategies to accommodate different personality traits so as to not cause undue stress. Personality traits are consistent across time and context, which is nuanced by the other animals in a particular group. There are five generally recognized personality traits: boldness, exploration, activity, sociability and aggressiveness. Some debate exists as to whether dominance should be considered a sixth trait or if it's just an outcome of the other five. (5:43)Dr. Schwanke's research focused mainly on how cows react to specific stressors, such as adapting to an automated milking system. In a robotic system, cows who are more independent, explorative and bold are more likely to do well. Some diversity is good because it can help to minimize long-term antagonistic interactions in a group. If we have cows that are very similar to each other, it will take longer for them to establish a social hierarchy.  (10:05)The panel discusses where the research is in regard to on-farm applicability and potential genetic components of personality traits. In the future, Dr. Schwanke envisions automated assessments of cow personality through computer vision cameras in the barn, fed into an algorithm that creates a personality ranking of cows based on their behaviors. She also notes personality traits can help predict a cow's coping style: proactive, reactive and intermediate. Proactive cows are more bold, explorative and aggressive. They thrive in predictable, stable conditions. Reactive cows are more fearful, less active and less dominant. They typically do better than proactive cows in unpredictable or changing environments because they're better able to modify their behavior to the environment they find themselves in. (14:09)The panel talks about future research goals in this area, including transition to automated milking systems, modifying feed management for behavioral and nutritional requirements and impacts of commingling stress. The guests also explore behavioral research in calves and brainstorm about future research with this age group, as well as talk about potential implications of making the wrong selection decisions for personality traits. (20:08)Are there things dairy producers could do to condition calves to be more adaptable to an automated milking system later in life? If a calf is reared in an automated feeding system, do they adapt to an automated milking system more easily? We don't have the research yet to answer these questions, but they're great questions. The panel also talks about how to scale up personality trait information to large herds, how precision feeding systems and personality traits might interact and how machine learning and computer vision technology can automate personality trait assessments. (28:46)Panelists share their take-home thoughts. (35:02)Please subscribe and share with your industry friends to invite more people to join us at the Real Science Exchange virtual pub table.  If you want one of our Real Science Exchange t-shirts, screenshot your rating, review, or subscription, and email a picture to anh.marketing@balchem.com. Include your size and mailing address, and we'll mail you a shirt.

How do animals move without legs? In this short and slithery episode, Mrs. Cindy uncovers the science behind how snakes use muscles, scales, and clever movement to glide across the ground. If today's topic gives you the shivers (in a good way), you'll love the upcoming Venomous Snakes: Danger, Design, and Discovery No Sweat Nature Study avideo class! Join Mrs. Cindy to learn how venomous snakes use their incredible adaptations to hunt, defend, and even help humans through science. Join No Sweat Nature Study at NoSweatNatureStudy.com. Use the code NOSWEAT for $10 off your first payment of a quarterly subscription. Visit the venomous snakes show notes page. See the book list of your nature-themed book suggestions. Share pictures of your nature studies on Instagram or Facebook. Be sure to tag @OurJourneyWestward so Mrs. Cindy will see them! Please subscribe to the podcast and leave a rating and review if you enjoy the episodes. Thank you! It helps the podcast so much! :)

This episode was recorded in Reno, Nevada, during the 2025 Western Dairy Management Conference.Dr. Hutjens' presentation focused on herds producing seven pounds of milk fat and milk protein per cow per day, and the genetics, on-farm management and nutrition to make that happen. The panel discusses where components could top out, how added dietary fat has influenced components and the importance of high quality forage to de novo fat synthesis. (4:09)The panel explores how well nutritionists are keeping up with rapid genetic change in milk component production and how farmers respond to recommendations for things like rumen-protected fatty acids and supplemental fat. Dr. Nelson shares some of the unique challenges and opportunities faced by the California dairy producers he works with. (11:56)Dr. Hutjens gives some benchmark values for energy and protein efficiency. The panel debates the merit of energy-corrected milk per stall as an efficiency measure, with the consensus being it might lead to crowding, which would then probably decrease milk and component production due to decreasing cow comfort. The group also discusses selecting for feed efficiency and the heritability of feed efficiency. (16:33)The panel dives into the topic of feed ingredients. High-oleic soybeans and high quality forages are a focus in some parts of the country. Dr. Nelson discusses non-forage fiber sources available in the California market, such as citrus, plums, apples and carrots. The group talks more about how high-sugar byproducts influence rumen fermentation, which is different from starch, as well as benefits in palatability, digestibility and intake. (21:03)Dr. Hutjens talks about benchmarks for milk components and different strategies for increasing component production. Rumen-protected amino acids, purchased fats, roasted high-oleic soybeans and urea are discussed. The group also talks about what might happen if milk processors start asking for less milk fat, for example. Dr. Hutjens talks about how nutritionists can help balance rations to yield different results for different markets. (33:04)Panelists share their take-home thoughts. (40:33)Please subscribe and share with your industry friends to invite more people to join us at the Real Science Exchange virtual pub table.  If you want one of our Real Science Exchange t-shirts, screenshot your rating, review, or subscription, and email a picture to anh.marketing@balchem.com. Include your size and mailing address, and we'll mail you a shirt.

Welcome!My TEDX Talk is live!https://youtu.be/avUugazybwcIs Peer Review important? If so, in what way does it impact you,  your dog, and your knowledge? Peer Review is a complicated topic, but in this episode, I break it down. Whether you are a professional in the industry, or in academia, or a pet parent, this quick overview may change the way you feel about "science." My TEDX Talk is live! Beyond Dog Training: The Movement Toward Sentience https://youtu.be/avUugazybwc Find all the episodes on Feedspot, where Dog Training DisrUPted is rated in the top 5 shows in the dog category in Canada: https://blog.feedspot.com/canadian_dog_podcasts/To become a certified Canine CBT Psychotherapist, and for courses on related topics, please visit the Institute of Canine Psychotherapy. www.instituteofcaninepsychotherapy.comBecome a Certified Canine Behaviorist and Dog TrainerMy Linktree with all my media, presentations, shows, articlesBillie Groom - UPWARD Dogology | Instagram, Facebook | LinktreeHere is the link to the recent article in Psychology Today Mag by Marc Bekoff on Canine CBTDog Training: Perception, Cognition, and Emotions | Psychology TodayBuy My Book! Winner of the 2019 American Best Book Fest Award (pets/narrative/non-fiction)The Art of Urban People With Adopted and Rescued Dogs Methodology: Rescued Dogs: The Misunderstood Breed: Groom, Billie: 9781525547287: Books - Amazon.ca

This episode was recorded in Fort Wayne, Indiana, during the 2025 Tri-State Dairy Conference.Dr. Firkins' presentation covers key aspects of how to improve digestibility of different diet components: fiber, starch, fat and total diet. (4:31)The negative relationship between starch in the diet and fiber digestion has been well known for more than 50 years. A recent meta-analysis showed the depression in fiber digestibility starts at very low starch concentrations. Dr. Weiss points out this can't be due to low rumen pH at that starch level. Dr. Firkins agrees pH is probably only about half of the relationship and the other half is factors called the carbohydrate effect. He goes on to say adequate ammonia and amino acids are necessary for the fibrolytic bacteria in the rumen to maximize fiber digestibility, and urea alone is not adequate. The panel agrees there is little knowledge about what exactly the amino acid requirements of fibrolytic bacteria are or should be. (6:05)Dr. Firkins shares some of his findings regarding how sugars impact fiber digestibility. Dr. Krogstad notes grain particle size can have key impacts on fiber digestibility and the panel discusses some of the challenges in nailing down optimal particle size. (13:39)Dr. Weiss indicates diets should be formulated  for rumen degradable starch - but how do we get that number? Dr. Firkins explains some of the difficulty in making accurate, cohesive predictions. The panel discusses some field measures that may be helpful. (18:24)Ruminants have lower fat digestibility than monogastrics. The panel explores biological factors that might be limiting fat digestibility. Dr. Firkins believes palmitic and oleic acids probably help the microbes and that is why we see improved diet digestibility when those fatty acids are supplemented. He encourages further exploration into the reason behind this and the mechanism by which it occurs. Dr. Krogstad mentions a Utah State study that also saw improved diet digestibility and also evaluated microbial fractions and phospholipids. (22:44)The panel explores the relationship between rumen-degradable protein and fiber digestibility. What happens when RDP is too high or too low? What is the optimal level of RDP to maximize digestibility? How does the composition of the base diet influence how much RDP you might need? What role do peptides play in the rumen? (29:00)Panelists share their take-home thoughts. (41:52)Please subscribe and share with your industry friends to invite more people to join us at the Real Science Exchange virtual pub table.  If you want one of our Real Science Exchange t-shirts, screenshot your rating, review, or subscription, and email a picture to anh.marketing@balchem.com. Include your size and mailing address, and we'll mail you a shirt.

How to know if your dog is happy? Did you know that dogs basically have all the same brain structures for producing emotions that we have? Japanese scientists from the Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology at Azabu University along with specialists from other Japanese universities conducted a study that showed how dogs develop strong emotional connections with humans by staring into their eyes! Dogs are pack animals by nature, which makes them seek closeness with their pack — and you are naturally one of them! Specialists believe that dogs lean and touch their owners for physical and emotional support, seeing them as someone who can protect and comfort them. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Get on the wait-list here: https://playwithpurpose.scoreapp.com/ In this podcast we discuss how important play is and how you can utilize the upcoming Play with Purpose challenge to take your play skills to the next level. Alex Lato is the author of Braveheart: Motivation and Confidence Training for Performance and Companion Dogs. He is a dog trainer and behaviourist with an MA in Animal Science. Alex started as a dog trainer in Warsaw, Poland and later moved to Finland to become an IGP Helper under their prestigious Helper School. He is host of the Dogs & Discourse podcast and has taught for School of Canine Science and Fenzi Dog Sports Academy.

Richard Tufton and Claire Mackenzie of the Six Inches of Soil Podcast generously shared with me a conversation they hosted between Gabe Brown and Dr. Temple Grandin. This is a fascinating conversation that covers Dr. Temple Grandin's perspective on regenerative agriculture and some of her solutions to the fragility in our food system. We get some great back and forth between Gabe and Dr. Grandin. Thanks again to Richard and Claire for sharing this conversation!Thanks to our Studio Sponsor, Understanding Ag!Head over to UnderstandingAg.com to book your consultation today!Sponsor:UnderstandingAg.comRelevant Links:Dr. Temple GrandinSubscribe to the Six Inches of Soil Podcast:Gabe Brown's Previous Episodes:Ep. 404 Gabe Brown and Dr. Allen Williams on Fixing America's Broken Rural EconomiesEp. 402 Gabe Brown and Dr. Allen Williams – Fixing America's Broken Water CycleEp. 380 Gabe Brown, Dr. Allen Williams, and Fernando Falomir – Soil Health Academy Q and AEp. 388 Gabe Brown and Luke Jones – Making the Regenerative ShiftEp. 361 Gabe Brown and Allen Williams – 2024 State of AgricultureEp. 305 Gabe Brown and Dr. Allen Williams – Matching Management to ContextEp. 293 Gabe Brown and Matt McGinn – Transitioning to More Adaptive StewardshipEp. 290 Gabe Brown and Dr. Allen Williams – Three Rules of Adaptive StewardshipEp. 288 Gabe Brown and Shane New – Managing the Nutrient CyleEp. 283 Gabe Brown and Dr. Allen Williams – The 6-3-4Ep. 281 Gabe Brown and Dr. Allen Williams – The State of Agriculture in North AmericaEp. 277 Gabe Brown – The State of the American Food SystemEp. 121 Gabe Brown – Heifer Development in Sync with NatureEp. 067 Gabe Brown – Dirt to SoilMore Info About Six Inches of Soil:Six Inches of Soil Podcast, Episode 8:Unbound: discovering unlimited potential when what's better for cattle is better for businessHost, producer: Richard TuftonCo-host, producer: Claire MackenzieSix Inches of Soil: Website: https://www.sixinchesofsoil.org/Book: https://www.sixinchesofsoil.org/bookInstagram: https://www.instagram.com/sixinchesofsoil/LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/six-inches-of-soil-b75059234/Introduction:Dr Grandin and Gabe explore how uniting animal welfare with regenerative agriculture and combining soil practices with Temple's farming solutions, you have nature and nurture working together as one big metaphorical “hug machine”. This offers a communal hug, if you will, by enveloping the animal's life with a safe, healthy, happy and tranquil environment, which we know will undoubtedly provide a better life for them. Their conversations weave between regenerative agriculture, animal welfare, and consumer demand. The speakers discuss the importance of integrating livestock with crops, the challenges faced in modern agriculture, and the role of youth in shaping the future of farming. They emphasize the need for visual thinking and innovation in agricultural practices, as well as the impact of climate change on food production. Featuring: Dr Temple Grandin is an American scientist and industrial designer whose own experience with autism funded her professional work in creating systems to counter stress in certain human and animal populations.Dr. Grandin did not talk until she was three and a half years old. She was fortunate to get early speech therapy. Her teachers also taught her how to wait and take turns when playing board games. She was mainstreamed into a normal kindergarten at age five. Dr. Grandin became a prominent author and speaker on both autism and animal behavior. Today she is a professor of Animal Science at Colorado State University. She also has a successful career consulting on both livestock handling equipment design and animal welfare. She has been featured on NPR (National Public Radio) and a BBC Special – "The Woman Who Thinks Like a Cow". HBO made an Emmy Award winning movie about her life and she was inducted into the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2016.Gabe BrownGabe Brown is one of the pioneers of the current soil health movement which focuses on the regeneration of our resources. Gabe, along with his wife Shelly, and son Paul, ran Brown's Ranch, a diversified 5,000 acre farm and ranch near Bismarck, North Dakota. Their ranch focuses on farming and ranching in nature's image.They have now transitioned ownership of the ranch over to their son, Paul and his wife, Jazmin.Gabe authored the bestselling book, “Dirt to Soil, One Family's Journey Into Regenerative Agriculture.”Gabe is a partner and Board Member at Regenified and serves as the public face of the company. He is a founding partner in Understanding Ag, LLC.Websites: https://brownsranch.us/https://regenified.com/about-us/https://understandingag.com/partners/gabe-brown/Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/brownsranch/?hl=en

Arinao Denga holds an Honours degree in Animal Science from the University of Venda.The guest's contributions are based on her academic research. They are shared in her personal capacity and do not represent the views of this platform.

Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss how members of the same species send each other invisible chemical signals to influence the way they behave. Pheromones are used by species across the animal kingdom in a variety of ways, such as laying trails to be followed, to raise the alarm, to scatter from predators, to signal dominance and to enhance attractiveness and, in honey bees, even direct development into queen or worker.WithTristram Wyatt Senior Research Fellow at the Department of Zoology at the University of OxfordJane Hurst William Prescott Professor of Animal Science at the University of LiverpoolandFrancis Ratnieks Professor of Apiculture and Head of the Laboratory of Apiculture and Social Insects at the University of SussexProducer: Simon Tillotson

About the Guest Ton Kramer holds both master's and doctorate degrees in Animal Science focused on Swine Locomotion and Health from Federal University of Paraná in Brazil. He has MBAs in Business Management and Project Management from Fundação Getúlio Vargas and a postgraduate degree in Marketing from Escola Superior de Propaganda e Marketing. Ton has […]

On this episode of Florida Uncut, we sit down with Gene Lollis, Ranch Manager for the past 30 years at Buck Island Ranch, one of Florida's most unique places where cattle ranching meets conservation science. Raised in St. Cloud, Florida, Gene's journey began hoeing orange trees as a kid and working cattle, carrying forward a philosophy summed up in the phrase: “Open gates, open minds.” His deep roots in land and cattle shaped not only his career but also the way he approaches leadership and stewardship today.At Buck Island Ranch, Gene oversees nearly 10,500 acres that operate as both a working cattle ranch and a living laboratory run by Archbold Biological Station. In our conversation, he shares how he balances production with conservation, the lessons he's learned managing both ranch hands and scientists, and the role ranchlands play in protecting the Florida Wildlife Corridor.We dive into:Gene's personal story and the mentors who shaped his philosophy of land managementHow Buck Island Ranch integrates day-to-day cattle operations with groundbreaking conservation researchThe vital but often overlooked role of ranchlands in Florida's conservation futureLeadership lessons learned from bridging the ranching and scientific communitiesWhat Florida would lose if working lands like Buck Island disappearedGene also reflects on moments that capture the magic of the land, the legacy he hopes to leave, and his advice for future generations of landowners and conservationists.This episode offers a rare, inside look at one of Florida's most important working landscapes and the people dedicated to keeping it thriving for cattle, for wildlife, and for all of us.Gene is a graduate of the University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences Department of Animal Sciences and has served as the Florida Cattlemen's Association President.Learn more about Archbold's Buck Island Ranch here: archbold-station.org/buck-island-ranch

This episode was recorded in Fort Wayne, Indiana, during the 2025 Tri-State Dairy Conference.Dr. Boerman notes we know cows experience a negative metabolizable protein balance in early lactation, which means they're mobilizing skeletal muscle to make up for that. Dr. Boerman and her group have been interested in strategies to measure how much muscle they're mobilizing, when they're losing it and when they gain it back.  (3:51)Cows are ultrasounded during the dry period to determine longissimus dorsi muscle reserves, then divided into low vs high muscle groups. Weekly ultrasounds follow them through lactation.  Animals with high muscle reserves during the dry period mobilized muscle before calving, which resulted in increased calf birth weights. Animals with less muscle during the dry period can gain muscle during that time and have more muscle reserves at calving than they had in the middle of the dry period. Dr. Boerman discusses possible nutrition interventions to manage muscle depletion and accretion, as well as timing of muscle loss and gain.  (5:14)The panel discusses how cows were assigned to high- and low-muscle groups and how representative those groups might be to the general population of dairy cows. Dr. Boerman mentions they've recently started evaluating primiparous cows as well to see if they perform differently than multiparous cows. (10:33)Dr. Boerman notes that cows are mobilizing between 30 and 35% of their longissimus dorsi depth during lactation and muscle biopsies have shown a reduction in muscle fiber size. They also measure 3-methyl histidine and creatinine as biomarkers of muscle loss and gain. The panel discusses increased calf birth weights and impacts on colostrum for high-muscle groups. Body condition score is not a good predictor of muscle depth. (16:52)The group discusses how parity might impact protein loss and gain, the influence of genetics on these muscle measurements, how health events might affect muscle mobilization and what kind of hormonal regulation might be occurring to control muscle losses and gains. (23:41)Dr. Weiss shares about a project from his group where muscle and fat losses were measured by dilution. They fed 20% protein diets using soy alone or with supplementation of rumen-protected amino acids. He emphasized the differences between heifers and cows, similar to what Dr. Boerman's group has observed as well. (29:54)Dr. Boerman shares some ideas of what kind of experiments she'd like to conduct next to continue this line of research. (33:42)Panelists share their take-home thoughts. (35:29)Please subscribe and share with your industry friends to invite more people to join us at the Real Science Exchange virtual pub table.  If you want one of our Real Science Exchange t-shirts, screenshot your rating, review, or subscription, and email a picture to anh.marketing@balchem.com. Include your size and mailing address, and we'll mail you a shirt.

On this episode of Brad's Bites, we hear from Dr. Bryon Wiegand, director of the Division of Animal Sciences at the Michael L. Parson Meat Science Education and Training Laboratory opening next year on campus. See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

In this episode of The Poultry Nutrition Blackbelt Podcast, Savannah Wells from the University of Arkansas explores the use of soybean add-backs and soybean genotype selection for improving nutrient composition in poultry diets. She explains their energy value, moisture content, and practical inclusion in broiler feed. Listen now on all major platforms!"With more soybean crushing, we're producing more add backs, and the idea is to re-incorporate them into soybean meal to boost its energy content."Meet the guest: Savannah Wells is a Graduate Student Research Assistant at the University of Arkansas, where she is pursuing her PhD in Poultry Science. She holds a B.S. and M.S. in Poultry Science from the same institution, along with a B.A.Sc. in Animal Science from Arkansas State University.  With a unique background in crop and animal science, she brings valuable insight into feed formulation strategies. Liked this one? Don't stop now — Here's what we think you'll love!What you'll learn:(00:00) Highlight(01:31) Introduction(04:25) Soybean add backs(06:46) Lipid composition(07:46) Broiler diet strategy(10:07) Energy value comparison(11:05) Secondary ingredient effects(12:35) Closing research summaryThe Poultry Nutrition Blackbelt Podcast is trusted and supported by innovative companies like:* Kemin* Kerry- Anitox- BASF- Poultry Science Association

In the podcast, Swine Extension Educator Sarah Schieck Boelke speaks with Sara Williams, who recently completed her master's of science degree in Animal Science with an emphasis in Swine Nutrition from the University of Minnesota's Department of Animal Science. Sara's MS research involved formaldehyde-based feed sanitizers in sow feed to reduce pathogens. Her research gives some promising results on this topic.Learn more about formaldehyde-based feed sanitizers in sow feed featured in the podcastAbstract published in Journal of Animal Science, Volume 103, Issue Supplement 1. doi: 10.1093/jas/skaf102.313.

In this episode of The Dairy Nutrition Blackbelt Podcast, Dr. Peter Erickson from the University of New Hampshire continues to explore the environmental and nutritional factors that influence colostrum yield and quality in dairy cows. He shares data on cold stress, niacin supplementation, and dry cow cooling, along with fresh insights into IgG, intestinal development, and calf outcomes. Listen now on all major platforms!"The calves that were born of dams that received niacin supplementation showed significantly greater feed efficiency during early growth stages."Meet the guest: Dr. Peter Erickson earned his Ph.D. in Dairy Science from the University of Illinois, with prior degrees in Animal Sciences from the University of Maine and the University of Massachusetts - Amherst. He serves as Professor of Dairy Management and Extension Dairy Specialist at the University of New Hampshire. His research focuses on calf and heifer nutrition, especially colostrum management.Click here to read the full research articles:Factors influencing colostrum production of multiparous Holstein and Jersey cowsCreating models for the prediction of colostrum quantity, quality, and immunoglobulin G yield in multiparous Jersey cows from performance in the previous lactation and environmental changesLiked this one? Don't stop now — Here's what we think you'll love!What will you learn: (00:00) Highlight(01:45) Introduction(02:10) Temperature vs photoperiod(04:40) Niacin and colostrum(06:42) Cooling and cow comfort(08:48) Colostrum testing tips(09:40) Colostrum quality insights(13:18) Closing thoughtsThe Dairy Nutrition Blackbelt Podcast is trusted and supported by the innovative companies:* Adisseo* Priority IAC* Kemin* Afimilk- Zinpro- Virtus Nutrition

In this episode of The Pet Food Science Podcast Show – Equine, Dr. Brian Nielsen from Michigan State University discusses the vital topic of hydration and electrolytes in horses. He clears up common misconceptions, highlights the importance of water during exercise, and shares effective strategies for keeping horses properly hydrated. Dr. Nielsen also talks about the risks of over-supplementing electrolytes and how simple changes can have a big impact on horse health. Tune in now on all major platforms!"Many people mistakenly avoid giving horses water after exercise, fearing it could cause colic or laminitis, but this is a significant misconception."Meet the guest: Dr. Brian Nielsen is a Professor of Equine Exercise Physiology at Michigan State University. He completed his undergraduate degree in Animal Science at the University of Wisconsin – River Falls and earned his M.S. and Ph.D. from Texas A&M University. With over 90 peer-reviewed papers and significant contributions to equine hydration and exercise research, Dr. Nielsen is recognized as a leader in the field.Liked this one? Don't stop now — Here's what we think you'll love!What will you learn:(00:00) Highlight(00:47) Introduction(05:17) Importance of hydration(08:49) Common hydration mistakes(14:14) Electrolyte supplementation(25:13) Racing horses and hydration(33:23) Managing electrolytes(49:15) Final ThoughtsThe Pet Food Science Podcast Show is trusted and supported by innovative companies like:* Trouw Nutrition* Kemin- Stratum- Wilbur-Ellis Nutrition- Biorigin

Some animals have a superpower called regeneration—the ability to grow back lost body parts! Meet incredible creatures like starfish, lizards, and axolotls while learning how special cells make this amazing process possible. Don't miss the upcoming axolotl video class, where kids will explore this unusual salamander's amazing features and create a colorful nature journal diagram. It's the perfect class for curious learners who love weird and wonderful animals! Join No Sweat Nature Study at NoSweatNatureStudy.com. Use the code NOSWEAT for $10 off your first payment of a quarterly subscription. Visit the axolotl show notes page. See the book list of your nature-themed book suggestions. Share pictures of your nature studies on Instagram or Facebook. Be sure to tag @OurJourneyWestward so Mrs. Cindy will see them! Please subscribe to the podcast and leave a rating and review if you enjoy the episodes. Thank you! It helps the podcast so much! :)

In this episode of The Dairy Nutrition Blackbelt Podcast, Dr. Peter Erickson from the University of New Hampshire shares practical strategies to improve colostrum yield and quality in dairy herds. He unpacks new research on environmental impacts, dry period length, and the physiological triggers influencing colostrum production. Listen now on all major platforms!"Even just how we feed that calf on day one can impact how much milk she makes two or three or four years down the road."Meet the guest: Dr. Peter Erickson earned his Ph.D. in Dairy Science from the University of Illinois, with prior degrees in Animal Sciences from the University of Maine and the University of Massachusetts - Amherst. He serves as Professor of Dairy Management and Extension Dairy Specialist at the University of New Hampshire. His research focuses on calf and heifer nutrition, especially colostrum management.Click here to read the full research articles:Factors influencing colostrum production of multiparous Holstein and Jersey cowsCreating models for the prediction of colostrum quantity, quality, and immunoglobulin G yield in multiparous Jersey cows from performance in the previous lactation and environmental changesLiked this one? Don't stop now — Here's what we think you'll love!What will you learn: (00:00) Highlight(01:27) Introduction(02:03) Guest background overview(03:34) Colostrum insights(05:57) Maximizing yield and quality(08:39) Effects of dry periods(09:24) Nutritional influence(10:28) Closing thoughtsThe Dairy Nutrition Blackbelt Podcast is trusted and supported by the innovative companies:* Afimilk* Adisseo* Priority IAC* Kemin- Zinpro- Virtus Nutrition

In the Real Science Exchange Legacy Series, we celebrate the pioneers who have shaped the dairy industry. In this episode, we honor Dr. Charlie Staples, a distinguished professor at the University of Florida, whose groundbreaking work in dairy nutrition and mentorship touched countless lives. From his 35 years of research mentoring 23 graduate students to earning the American Dairy Science Association's Fellow Award, Dr. Staple's legacy continues to inspire. Join us as we explore his contributions and enduring impact on our industry.Guests introduce themselves and how they knew Dr. Staples. (1:05)Dr. Grummer shares when he and Dr. Staples were applying and interviewing for university jobs in the same pool, and how they eventually landed jobs at universities where the other was not in the pool. (7:22)Drs. Santos, Grummer and Zenobi share about Dr. Staples' early life, his undergraduate and graduate career, and his family and faith. (10:42)Dr. Staples took a sabbatical at the University of Wisconsin in Dr. Grummer's lab. He shares a story about taking Charlie smelt fishing, where the tradition is the newbie has to bite the head off a smelt. (18:04)Dr. Zenobi and Dr. Santos talk about Dr. Staples as a teacher and mentor, giving examples of his caring nature and thorough teaching style. (22:30)Dr. Grummer and Dr. Santos give a broad overview of Dr. Staples' research career, including pioneering work in nutrition-reproduction interactions, fat supplementation and the separation of the energy effect and the fatty acid effect on reproductive performance, heat stress and choline supplementation. All panelists emphasized the collaborative and interdisciplinary nature of Dr. Staples' work. (27:52)Dr. Grummer shares about the fatty acid research he and Dr. Staples collaborated on during Charlie's sabbatical, as well as the choline research he worked on with Dr. Staples when Dr. Grummer worked for Balchem. The panelists talk about how Dr. Staples was not afraid to reach out to experts in other areas of expertise to ask questions and how thorough he was in literature searches. They talk about a symposium paper he presented summarizing 30-plus years of choline research. (36:12)The panelists talk more about the legacy Dr. Staples left behind - he was unassuming, humble, kind, collaborative and a man of principles. (44:14)Panelists share their take-home thoughts about Dr. Staples' dedication to dairy science, mentorship and innovation. (54:51)The University of Florida established the Charles R. Staples Lecture Endowment to support the Charles R. Staples Lectureship Series. Each year, an invited speaker gives a seminar and meets with graduate students. If you'd like to support the endowment, you can do so by visiting the UF/IFAS Animal Sciences giving web page: https://give.ifas.ufl.edu/animal-sciences-giving/Please subscribe and share with your industry friends to invite more people to join us at the Real Science Exchange virtual pub table.  If you want one of our Real Science Exchange t-shirts, screenshot your rating, review, or subscription, and email a picture to anh.marketing@balchem.com. Include your size and mailing address, and we'll mail you a shirt.

In this episode of The Dairy Podcast Show, Haylee Reisinger, a PhD student at Michigan State University, shares her research on using bioactive compounds in dairy cow diets to support the immune system. She explains the differences between bioactives and nutraceuticals, and how they influence immune and reproductive systems. Listen now on all major platforms!"Some phenolic compounds may support reproductive and metabolic health, not just immunity."Meet the guest: Haylee Reisinger is a PhD student in Animal Science at Michigan State University, researching how bioactive compounds influence immunity and metabolism in dairy cattle. She holds a bachelor's degree in biology from Penn State University, where she developed her interest in dairy nutrition.Liked this one? Don't stop now — Here's what we think you'll love!Dr. Charlie Elrod: Viral Combat Strategies | Ep. 99Dr. Adrian Barragan: Managing Transition Period Inflammation | Ep. 106Dr. Chris Chase: Gut Health's Impact on Cattle | Ep. 114What you'll learn:(00:00) Highlight(01:23) Introduction(05:52) Understanding bioactives(08:30) Nutraceuticals insights(12:23) Omega-3 in cattle(16:08) Benefits of bioactives(20:60) Future research outlook(25:20) Final three questionsThe Dairy Podcast Show is trusted and supported by innovative companies like: Natural Biologics* Adisseo* Priority IAC* Evonik- ICC- Berg + Schmidt- Protekta- AHV- dsm-firmenich- SmaXtec

Dr. Hristov gave a webinar titled “Histidine: a limiting amino acid for dairy cows” on March 4, 2025, and joins the podcast in this episode for a deeper dive into the topic. Panelists introduce themselves and give some background on their interest in histidine (00:52)Dr. Hristov gives an overview of his webinar presentation, touching on some of the first research projects that showed lower protein diets resulted in no change in plasma methionine, but a decrease in plasma histidine. When dietary protein decreases, the cow relies more on microbial protein to meet her needs. Histidine content is about 20% less than methionine content in microbial protein. He also notes there are some short-term reserves of histidine in the body, so short-term studies may not show a histidine deficiency when indeed there is one. (7:08)Matt gives some perspective as a consulting nutritionist about the importance of histidine in diet formulation for his clientele. He agrees with Dr. Hristov about the higher requirement for histidine compared to methionine, and he generally formulates diets with 1.1 times more histidine than methionine. (12:38)The panelists share their experiences with the responses observed from providing additional histidine to lactating cows, including milk and component yields and changes in dry matter intake and body condition. They also talk about how muscle loss can mask a histidine deficiency in the short term. (15:43)The panelists discuss the challenges in determining histidine requirements and finding reliable sources of highly bioavailable histidine. (24:04)Why is rumen-protected histidine not commercially available? Clay explains it is due to the high cost of histidine. There are no feed-grade sources, and using human-grade sources is cost-prohibitive. Dr. Hristov notes swine nutritionists are starting to pay more attention to histidine, which might bring the cost down if demand increases. Matt notes aquaculture is also interested in histidine. (33:58)Matt comments that increasing fat content can be problematic for cheese plants. He sees increasing milk protein yield may be the next frontier of dairy nutrition and histidine might play an important role. The panel discusses the role milk pricing has played in the increased fat content. (37:32)The panel discusses what other amino acids might be important in dairy nutrition as research continues. They also touch on methane mitigation and reducing methane intensity per unit of milk. (43:45)Panelists share their take-home thoughts. (54:31)View Dr. Hristov's webinar on this subject by visiting https://balchem.com/anh/podcasts-webinars/histidine-a-limiting-amino-acid-for-dairy-cows-2/Please subscribe and share with your industry friends to invite more people to join us at the Real Science Exchange virtual pub table.  If you want one of our Real Science Exchange t-shirts, screenshot your rating, review, or subscription, and email a picture to anh.marketing@balchem.com. Include your size and mailing address, and we'll mail you a shirt.

April Hemmes, a farmer, rancher, and ag leader whose influence spans from Franklin County, Iowa, to international policy discussions. April operates her family's century farm—1,000 acres of corn, soybeans, and pasture—while serving on an impressive list of boards and advisory councils, including the United Soybean Board, USDA Foreign Ag Service Ag Technical Advisory Council, and multiple Iowa ag organizations.April's story starts with a degree in Animal Science from Iowa State University and early work in banking, ag research, and policy. In 1993, she took over the family farm, transitioning from a farrow-to-finish hog and cattle operation to a highly productive, tech-driven grain farm. She's never plowed her land, instead adopting no-till, buffer strips, wetlands, filter strips, and pollinator habitats to protect soil and water.She also leads a women's grain marketing group with economist Kelvin Leibold, empowering members to increase their farm incomes by $10,000 to $30,000 through smarter marketing strategies. Her leadership has earned her numerous honors, including Iowa Master Farmer, Monsanto's Farm Mom of the Year, and induction into the FarmHer Hall of Fame.In our conversation, April shares:How she balances technology investments with a used machinery strategy.Why conservation practices have been non-negotiable on her farm.How serving in leadership roles at the state, national, and global level influences her farm decisions.What she's learned from 40 years of running a farm as both owner and operator.Why building strong marketing skills is one of the best returns on investment for any farmer.We also lighten things up with a rapid-fire “Would You Rather” segment—revealing whether April prefers harvest or planting, beef or pork, and if she'd rather talk to animals or speak every human language.Whether you're interested in leadership, conservation, technology, or marketing, this episode offers inspiration and practical takeaways from one of the most respected voices in agriculture. Want Farm4Profit Merch? Custom order your favorite items today!https://farmfocused.com/farm-4profit/ Don't forget to like the podcast on all platforms and leave a review where ever you listen! Website: www.Farm4Profit.comShareable episode link: https://intro-to-farm4profit.simplecast.comEmail address: Farm4profitllc@gmail.comCall/Text: 515.207.9640Subscribe to YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCSR8c1BrCjNDDI_Acku5XqwFollow us on TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@farm4profitllc Connect with us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/Farm4ProfitLLC/

In this special rerun episode of The Dairy Nutrition Blackbelt Podcast, Dr. Kirby Krogstad, from The Ohio State University, examines the role of niacin in dairy cow health and performance. Highlighting niacin's impact on immune regulation, rumen functionality, and lactation outcomes, Dr. Krogstad unpacks recent research findings and their practical applications in dairy nutrition. Listen now on all major platforms!"When we provided niacin to those cows, the acute phase proteins that would suggest a general systemic inflammation were blunted by about 30%."Meet the guest: Dr. Kirby Krogstad is an Assistant Professor of Dairy Nutrition and Health at The Ohio State University, where his research and extension mission is to improve dairy cow health, welfare, and longevity through nutrition. With a Ph.D. in Animal Science from Michigan State University and a Master's in Ruminant Nutrition from the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Dr. Krogstad focuses on optimizing dairy nutrition to enhance sustainability and herd performance. Click here to read the full research article!Liked this one? Don't stop now — Here's what we think you'll love!What will you learn: (00:00) Highlight(01:41) Introduction(02:55) Niacin's & metabolism(03:46) Rumen protection(04:47) Immune function(08:03) Lactation performance(09:09) Niacin supplementation(10:46) Closing thoughtsThe Dairy Nutrition Blackbelt Podcast is trusted and supported by the innovative companies:* Priority IAC* Kemin* Afimilk* Adisseo- Zinpro- Virtus Nutrition

In this episode of The Pet Food Science Podcast Show, Dr. Sara Martini explains how microbiota imbalances affect gut health and nutrient metabolism in companion animals. She shares insight on fecal biomarkers, the dysbiosis index, and how bile acids are regulated by specific bacteria. Learn how prebiotics and dietary fiber influence microbial resilience and long-term pet wellness. Listen now on all major platforms!"Microbiota profiles differ significantly between healthy pets, meaning gut health must be defined by functionality, not uniformity."Meet the guest: Dr. Sara Martini received her Ph.D. in Animal Sciences with a focus on Companion Animal Nutrition from the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, where she also earned her B.S. and M.S. Her research targets microbiome recovery after antibiotics and the interaction between fiber and pet metabolism. With seven publications and recent accolades in the field, Dr. Martini brings vital insights to understanding gut health in pets.Liked this one? Don't stop now — Here's what we think you'll love!What will you learn:(00:00) Highlight(00:44) Introduction(02:26) Defining gut health(04:49) Using fecal panels(08:42) Dysbiosis in pets(15:08) Role of bile acids(21:51) Nutrition's impact(33:11) Final QuestionsThe Pet Food Science Podcast Show is trusted and supported by innovative companies like:* Kemin* Trouw Nutrition- Stratum- Wilbur-Ellis Nutrition- Biorigin

In this episode of The Poultry Nutrition Blackbelt Podcast, Dr. Taina Lopes, a postdoctoral fellow at Auburn University, explores how nutrition may influence immune responses to Newcastle disease in poultry. She breaks down the impact of viral shedding, immunization challenges, and the role of nutrients like vitamin D and zinc in immune support. Learn how immunity and nutrition intersect in poultry health. Listen now on all major platforms!"Nutritional needs of the immune system differ from those for production and growth in poultry."Meet the guest: Dr. Taina Lopes holds a Ph.D. and M.Sc. in Animal Science from the Federal University of Minas Gerais in Brazil, with a veterinary degree focused on avian pathology and poultry production. Now a postdoctoral fellow in the Department of Pathobiology at Auburn University, her research centers on immune response modulation, viral shedding, and bioinformatics in poultry.Liked this one? Don't stop now — Here's what we think you'll love!What you'll learn:(00:00) Highlight(01:07) Introduction(02:17) Newcastle disease basics(06:15) Immunity gaps(08:42) Future vaccine on immunization(10:27) Immune system nutrition(14:02) Microminerals and immunity(16:59) Closing thoughtsThe Poultry Nutrition Blackbelt Podcast is trusted and supported by innovative companies like:* Kerry* Kemin- BASF- Poultry Science Association- Anitox

This episode was recorded at the 2025 Western Dairy Management Conference in Reno, Nevada.Dr. Cantor gives an overview of her presentation at the conference, focusing on data from accelerometers and robotic feeders to predict calf sickness. While the correlations are there and we know calves change activity, behavior and feeding behavior before they get sick, there is more work to be done before the technology is ready for wide implementation. When data from both accelerometers and robotic feeders were used, Dr. Cantor's group was able to find respiratory disease with a 96% accuracy six days before clinical symptoms. (2:36)Dr. James and Dr. Cantor discuss the use of robotic feeders in the industry and the under-utilization of data collected by the feeders. Dr. James shares observations from a farm he works with about heifers coming in to the milking herd who were raised on robotic feeders compared to those raised in calf hutches. (6:15)The panel discusses the accuracy, specificity and sensitivity of the predictions from monitoring technologies. They also touch on challenges around deciding what parameters to use to classify an animal experiencing the onset of clinical disease and how that will vary depending on the disease. They go on to share their experiences with training algorithms and how computer scientists have different goals than animal scientists with this type of technology. (11:17)Dr. James talks about how data collection and using data can be a hard sell on some calf ranches. The panel talks about some of the challenges they have seen with adoption of technology and recordkeeping on dairies of various sizes. (28:30)Dr. Giordano gives an overview of his presentation on using monitoring technology in fresh cows to predict disease. His group has worked with wearable sensors that monitor rumination time and physical activity. More recently, sensor companies have added eating behavior and body temperature. Variations in these parameters create a health alert to check on that particular animal. (39:08)He goes on to describe two extremes in dairy farms. One spends little time and effort on looking for sick cows, while the other puts a lot of time and effort into this task. He discusses how bringing technology to these two types of farms benefits them and what drawbacks there are, along with an economic analysis for each. (43:14)The panel discusses how implementing monitoring technologies require a change in management. Allowing animals the opportunity to express their natural behavior is critical to success. They also talk about how veterinarians view this technology and the target age for calves to best learn how to use a robotic feeder. (48:54)Panelists share their take-home thoughts. (57:11)Please subscribe and share with your industry friends to invite more people to join us at the Real Science Exchange virtual pub table.  If you want one of our Real Science Exchange t-shirts, screenshot your rating, review, or subscription, and email a picture to anh.marketing@balchem.com. Include your size and mailing address, and we'll mail you a shirt.

In this episode of The Dairy Podcast Show, Dr. Brad Daigneault, from the University of Florida, unpacks the science behind bull fertility and semen quality. Dr. Daigneault talks about key factors like motility scoring and mitochondrial function, and how technologies are being used to improve fertility predictions and boost reproductive performance. Discover how new tools may enhance fertility screening and protect producers from costly reproductive failures. Listen now on your favorite podcast platform!"Motility is still the best indicator of fertility, but it doesn't always predict outcomes accurately."Meet the guest: Dr. Brad Daigneault is an Assistant Professor of Reproductive Biology at the University of Florida, focusing on improving livestock fertility through innovative reproductive technologies. With a Ph.D. in Animal Science from the University of Illinois and an M.S. in Biomedical Sciences from Colorado State University, his research explores sperm biology, gene-environment interactions, and embryo development. Liked this one? Don't stop now — Here's what we think you'll love!What you'll learn:(00:00) Highlight(01:14) Introduction(01:45) Dr. Daigneault's journey(05:22) Bull fertility evaluation(08:09) Sperm analysis(11:25) Mitochondria & sperm(22:19) Analysis technologies(28:30) Final three questionsThe Dairy Podcast Show is trusted and supported by innovative companies like:* Priority IAC* Evonik* Adisseo- Natural Biologics- SmaXtec- Berg + Schmidt- dsm-firmenich- ICC- Protekta- AHV

This episode was recorded at the 2025 Western Dairy Management Conference in Reno, Nevada.Stan begins with an overview of the dairy checkoff since its inception in 1983. At that time, dairy farmers were producing 139 billion pounds of milk, but only 122 million pounds were being consumed. Dairy promotion has evolved to focus on research and education about nutrition, crisis management and even partnerships with Domino's, Taco Bell and McDonald's. (3:02)Stan and Marty detail some of the national and regional partnerships around dairy menu options. Walt notes that the grilled cheese burrito from Taco Bell is one of his son's favorite fast food meals. The panel discusses some of the strategy behind the Taco Bell partnership as well as marketing to Gen Z consumers about how dairy fits into mind and body wellness. (6:39)Walt comments the checkoff has done and is continuing to do a great job of being future-ready. He remembers a few years ago hearing about the gaming generation and partnerships with Mr. Beast and YouTube and embedding cows in Minecraft, and now his sons are playing Minecraft and gaming and are on YouTube. (13:43)Stan notes in 1995, exports were at 3%. That has now increased to 16-17%. Marty gives some examples of partnerships with the Dallas Cowboys and HEB stores in Mexico to promote dairy. (16:09)The panel discusses the US investments in processing, the “Dairy Renaissance”, research into dairy-as-medicine, and continued product innovations to meet consumer demands. (23:24)Marty and Stan detail the agreement between the Dairy Checkoff and Mayo Clinic investigating the role of whole milk foods in treating and preventing cardiovascular and metabolic disease. (34:04)Panelists share their take-home thoughts. (37:51)You can find more information about the dairy checkoff at https://www.dairycheckoff.com/Please subscribe and share with your industry friends to invite more people to join us at the Real Science Exchange virtual pub table.  If you want one of our Real Science Exchange t-shirts, screenshot your rating, review, or subscription, and email a picture to anh.marketing@balchem.com. Include your size and mailing address, and we'll mail you a shirt.

In this episode of The Dairy Podcast Show, Dr. Mike Hutjens, Professor Emeritus at the University of Illinois, shares valuable tools to optimize calcium levels in transition cows. He breaks down how strategies like DCAD diets and zeolites can help prevent calcium-related health issues, ensuring cows stay healthy and productive through the critical early stages of lactation. Don't miss his practical tips for better herd management. Listen now on all major platforms!"When blood calcium is low in fresh cows, it leads to a cascade of problems with milk production, reproduction, and immunity."Meet the guest: Dr. Mike Hutjens is a Professor Emeritus in Animal Sciences at the University of Illinois. With extensive experience in dairy nutrition and herd management, Dr. Hutjens has contributed to the development of educational materials for dairy professionals worldwide. He has worked extensively on improving transition cow health, focusing on blood calcium management to optimize dairy production.Liked this one? Don't stop now — Here's what we think you'll love!Dr. Michael Hutjens: Buffer Benefits for Dairy Cows | Ep. 58Dr. Michael Steele: Colostrum Feeding Strategies | Ep. 104Dr. Miguel Morales: Transition Cows & Calcium Balance | Ep. 126What you'll learn:(00:00) Highlight(01:15) Introduction(04:57) Calcium in fresh cows(07:28) DCAD diet best practices(10:13) Zeolite use in dairy(16:20) Boluses insights(21:25) Monitoring fresh cows(24:71) Final three questionsThe Dairy Podcast Show is trusted and supported by innovative companies like: Protekta* Priority IAC* Evonik* Adisseo- AHV- Natural Biologics- SmaXtec- Berg + Schmidt- dsm-firmenich- ICC

What's up with kids these days? Meet Drew Cotton and Andrew Larson. Mr. Larson is fresh into the retirement scene but together, the two men served as professors at Black Hawk College in Galva, Illinois. They've seen it all. And they confidently say, we're in good hands. *** Show notes and Links *** Subscribe to AgEmerge here: https://www.youtube.com/c/AgSolutionsNetwork Watch another outstanding educator, Dr. Dwayne Beck, here: https://youtu.be/1JlTPcoKB0M Ag Solutions Network Socials: https://www.agsolutionsnetwork.com/agemergepodcast https://www.facebook.com/ASN.farm https://www.linkedin.com/company/agsolutionsnetwork https://twitter.com/POWER2GRO https://www.instagram.com/agsolutionsnetwork/ Ag Solutions Network website: https://www.agsolutionsnetwork.com/ Got questions you want answered? Send them our way and we'll do our best to research and find answers. Know someone you think would be great on the AgEmerge stage or podcast? Send your questions or suggestions to contactus@asn.farm we'd love to hear from you. *** Show notes and Links *** Monte Bottens hosts interns and classes from Black Hawk multiple times throughout the year. The three guys talk all about the unique learning approach Black Hawk provides and the depth of experience students have under their belts by graduation. Drew Cotton is the Co-Department Chair for the Agriculture Department at Black Hawk College. He focuses on agribusiness education. Prior to Black Hawk, Mr. Cotton studied Animal Sciences at the University of Florida and completed undergrad at Kansas State University. Mr. Cotton leads the Agribusiness Club and coaches the Agricultural Business and Horse Judging teams. With his peers and students, Mr. Cotton has coached and guided wins with the North American Colleges and Teachers of Agriculture (NACTA) Judging Conference Sweepstakes Awards. Andrew Larson: We thank Mr. Larson for his military service, prior to becoming an instructor. He recently retired after teaching at Black Hawk College for 27 years. He earned a Master's of Science in Nutrient Management and Crop Production from the University of Illinois in 1998 after completing his undergrad from the Illinois State University in Environmental Sciences and Protection in 1994. While at Black Hawk, Mr. Larson served as a full-time instructor in the agriculture department of Black Hawk College. He taught production, marketing and management of agriculture curriculums. He's secured places of employment for over 500 graduates in the agriculture industry. And provided leadership to place and supervise over 100 internships. Mr. Larson managed a 25-acre college agronomy lab, coached college soil and crop judging teams, and also served as Advisor for the Trap Shooting Club. He was the lead Investigator for Illinois Department of Commerce and Economic Opportunity grant that supported a four-acre sustainable agriculture research plot and conducted numerous field trials annually in the agronomy lab. He designed subsurface drainage system in the agronomy lab to implement nutrient management study; facilitated installation of a bio-reactor.

Peter Godfrey-Smith is an Australian philosopher of science and writer, who is currently Professor of History and Philosophy of Science at the University of Sydney. Buy his books here. Timestamps: 0:00 How Many Times Has the Brain Independently Evolved? 4:36 What is a Nervous System? 7:12 The Differences Between the Human and Animal Brains 13:40 What Does an Octopus Brain Look Like? 25:21 What is it Like to be an Octopus? 35:48 Are the Mind and Body Distinct? 42:46 Panpsychism: Is Everything Conscious? 55:53 How Do Experiences Combine Into One Consciousness? 01:05:08 Which Animals Feel Pain? What is it Like? 01:16:51 Should We Make Shrimp Farming an Ethical Priority? 01:29:22 Animal Science and Animal Foods 01:35:59 The Ethics of Killing Animals 01:52:13 Are Octopuses Playful? Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In this episode of The Dairy Nutrition Blackbelt Podcast, Dr. Roni Yair from Afimilk shares how advanced algorithms are transforming dairy cattle feed efficiency through behavioral data of individual cows. He explains the science behind predictive models, cross-farm research, and how dairies can use this data for strategic culling and breeding decisions. Listen now on all major platforms!"The two major applications of our feed intake prediction system are culling and breeding—using feed efficiency and profitability to guide better decision-making on timing and selection."Meet the guest: Dr. Roni Yair holds a Ph.D. in Animal Sciences from The Hebrew University of Jerusalem and completed postdoctoral research at Michigan State University, focusing on ruminant nutrition and hepatic metabolism. Now an animal scientist at Afimilk, he leads research in feed efficiency and dairy cattle behavior analytics.Liked this one? Don't stop now — Here's what we think you'll love!What will you learn: (00:00) Highlight(01:27) Introduction(03:17) Predicting feed intake(05:07) Sensor behavior data(08:37) Cross-farm prediction(10:48) Culling and breeding(15:57) Next research directions(20:14) Closing thoughtsThe Dairy Nutrition Blackbelt Podcast is trusted and supported by the innovative companies:Afimilk* Adisseo* Kemin* Priority IAC- Virtus Nutrition- Zinpro

In this episode of The Dairy Podcast Show, Dr. Hinayah Rojas, from Purdue University, shares valuable insights into the rapidly evolving field of genomics in dairy cattle. Dr. Rojas breaks down the challenges and opportunities presented by longitudinal traits like milk production, discussing how genomic tools are helping to boost sustainability across the industry. Additionally, Dr. Rojas offers advice on balancing motherhood with a demanding professional life. Listen now on all major platforms!"The lactation curve is complex, but genomics allows us to select animals not only for higher milk production but also for better lactation persistence."Meet the guest: Dr. Hinayah Rojas de Oliveira is an Assistant Professor of Genomics and Animal Breeding at Purdue University. She holds a PhD in Animal Sciences, focusing on Genetics and Animal Breeding, from the Federal University of Viçosa in Brazil. Dr. Rojas has completed postdoctoral work at the University of Guelph and Purdue University and previously worked as a Geneticist at Lactanet Canada. Her research aims to develop statistical models that maximize genetic progress while preserving diversity in livestock species.Liked this one? Don't stop now — Here's what we think you'll love!What you'll learn:(00:00) Highlight(01:30) Introduction(02:35) Dr. Rojas's journey(08:52) Genomics in dairy cattle(11:55) Longitudinal traits(14:30) Genomic & efficiency(17:11) Sustainability & genomics(28:35) Final questionsThe Dairy Podcast Show is trusted and supported by innovative companies like:* Adisseo* Lallemand* Priority IAC* Evonik- ICC- AHV- Protekta- Natural Biologics- SmaXtec- Berg + Schmidt- dsm-firmenich

Lola Michelin, BSc, LMP founded the Northwest School of Animal Massage in 2001. She has practiced animal massage for over 30 years and massage for people since 1998. A graduate of the Animal Science program at Michigan State University, she has work experience in both the veterinarian and zoological fields. Currently, Lola maintains a private practice for animals in addition to teaching and curriculum development. She consults with zoological park veterinary teams and owns Paxhia Farm, an equine retirement and rehabilitation facility on Vashon Island. She speaks and writes regularly on the topic of animal bodywork and is active in promoting standards of practice and legislation for the industry. Her interests include equestrian competition and foxhunting. Her work has been featured in numerous magazines and she appears on television and radio as an advocate for animal therapies.

In this episode, we delve into the fascinating world of canine nutrition, focusing on the role of carbohydrates in a dog's diet. Discover how our furry friends, as facultative carnivores, have evolved to adapt to a mixed diet, including carbs, unlike their wolf ancestors. I explore the genetic differences that enable dogs to digest starches and the impact of carbs on their health and behavior. Tune in to learn about the balance between meat and plant-based foods, and how to make informed choices for your dog's diet. #DogNutrition #DogsAndCarbs

This episode was recorded at the 2025 Western Dairy Management Conference in Reno, Nevada.Dr. Lock begins with an overview of his presentation, discussing nutrition and genomics impacts on the speed of progress in milk fat production. He also talks about historic differences in milk fat production in Europe compared to the US. With the reduction in generation interval that genomics provides, a more complete understanding of rumen and mammary metabolism will continue to be imperative. How do we supply the nutrients she needs to meet her genetic potential? (3:34)Can we feed too much 16:0? The panel discusses how palmitic and other fatty acids are incorporated into milk fat. They emphasize that no matter what, milk fat will remain a liquid at body temperature, so that does provide some limitations. Processors can alter their protocols to account for increased palmitic acid in milk fat and for increased milk fat in milk overall. (8:35)There is a gene called DGAT that can explain about 50% of the variation in milk fat content. Dr. Lock discusses some research looking at more vs less favorable DGAT profiles and how feeding palmitic acid interacted with those profiles in milk fat production. (13:04)The panel discusses whether there is a physiological limit for how much milk fat a cow can produce. Traditionally, when milk yield increased, fat yield decreased, but that is not the current case. We are learning more all the time about altering rations and using new oilseed ingredients like whole cottonseed and high-oleic soybeans. Dr. De Souza emphasizes that understanding de novo fatty acid synthesis is really important to keep pace with genomic progress. (16:08)Amino acid supplementation has recently been linked with milk fat production, with the assumed mechanism of action being increased mammary gland enzyme synthesis and activity. Dr. Lock describes a study assessing amino acid-fatty acid interactions in fresh cows. The amino acid (metabolizable protein) effect was greater for fat yield than feeding fatty acids, which was interesting. But perhaps more exciting was the effects were additive. Feeding both high metabolizable protein and 2% palmitic:oleic acid blend resulted in 9.5 kg more energy-corrected milk and a carryover effect after supplementation ceased. (22:41)Dr. Lock summarizes some of his group's work on using oilseeds in dairy diets.(28:24)Dr. De Souza and Dr. Lock give some perspective on just how much we have learned about milk components over the last several years. (34:38)Panelists share their take-home thoughts, including practical advice on increasing milk fat production and what's on the horizon for fatty acid nutrition research. (37:15)Please subscribe and share with your industry friends to invite more people to join us at the Real Science Exchange virtual pub table.  If you want one of our Real Science Exchange t-shirts, screenshot your rating, review, or subscription, and email a picture to anh.marketing@balchem.com. Include your size and mailing address, and we'll mail you a shirt.

This episode was recorded at the 2025 Western Dairy Management Conference in Reno, Nevada.Dr. Kononoff begins with some renewable fuels history. Since the renewable fuels standard in 2007, corn production for ethanol has increased to around 50% of the crop going to ethanol production. With the subsequent increase in fuel has come an increase in distillers grains and the industry has learned how to use them to feed cattle better. Later, the government created additional policy for next-stage renewable fuels, which has spurred biodiesel production. Currently, just under 50% of the soybean crop goes to fuel production. Soybean meal availability has increased and costs have decreased over the past few years. Most of the soybean oil is solvent-extracted.   (5:57)Dr. Lock talks about increased acres of high-oleic soybeans in dairy-soybean crossover states. He summarizes some of the work his group has done on feeding high-oleic roasted whole soybeans as a replacement for soybean meal in the diet, citing the benefits of the oil in the diet as well as increased bypass protein. (15:41)The panel discusses whether canola meal, which is fairly high in oleic acid, would show similar benefits to feeding whole roasted soybeans. They also talk about how tariffs may or may not impact canola meal and canola oil prices. (24:26)Over time, the dairy industry has moved away from alfalfa as a protein source and toward soybean meal. The panel discusses the pros and cons of this change. (26:46)Dr. Kononoff gives his perspective on just how much soybean meal can be fed in dairy cow diets. Nitrogen excretion is an important consideration. He reminds the audience that renewable fuels policy is the reason behind many of the feed ingredient changes we've observed in the past 15-20 years, and that policy can change very rapidly. He emphasizes the industry needs to remain nimble and prepared to adapt. The panel also touches on pricing of feed ingredients in different parts of the country and how distillers grains are currently used in dairy diets. (31:08)Panelists share their take-home thoughts. (40:49)Please subscribe and share with your industry friends to invite more people to join us at the Real Science Exchange virtual pub table.  If you want one of our Real Science Exchange t-shirts, screenshot your rating, review, or subscription, and email a picture to anh.marketing@balchem.com. Include your size and mailing address, and we'll mail you a shirt.

This episode was recorded at the 2025 Western Dairy Management Conference in Reno, Nevada.Dr. DeVries gives an overview of his presentation on the economics of feeding more than one ration to lactating cows, with special consideration for additional costs (beyond increased feed costs) such as delivering additional loads of TMR, labor cost and mixing errors. He notes that producer surveys indicate that simplicity and not making mistakes are reasons given for not feeding an increased number of different rations. The surveys suggest there is some real money to be made if appropriate rations are used. Diminishing marginal returns should also be considered: going from one ration to two will yield the largest gain in income over feed costs, with each additional ration yielding smaller gains. (1:52) Dr. Burhans and Dr. Overton discuss some considerations for feeding multiple rations, including environmental impacts, herd size, pen availability, feed costs and milk production impacts. Dr. DeVries emphasizes the costs of feed delivery are a big part of this as well. (9:20)The panel discusses a spreadsheet that Dr. DeVries presented during his presentation to calculate delivery costs. Dr. Burhans mentions some of the on-farm software gives an assessment of how close the actual ration was to the formulated ration, allowing for adjustments if needed. (16:28)The panel considers the importance of body condition scores and recording actual data during nutritionist walk-throughs of dairy herds. They also delve into feeding frequency and optimal feed refusals levels. (27:45)Panelists share their take-home thoughts. (43:08)Please subscribe and share with your industry friends to invite more people to join us at the Real Science Exchange virtual pub table.  If you want one of our Real Science Exchange t-shirts, screenshot your rating, review, or subscription, and email a picture to anh.marketing@balchem.com. Include your size and mailing address, and we'll mail you a shirt.

In this episode of the Meatgistics podcast, Jon sits down with Daniel Unruh, an Animal Science assistant Professor at Iowa State University, for an insightful interview on livestock, education, and the future of animal agriculture. Afterward, Jon and Ali dig into some rotisserie chicken while showing off the brand-new neon Meatgistics sign lighting up the studio. The conversation takes a wild turn with a story about cows chasing off bears, and they wrap things up by diving into some of the weirdest meat-related food laws. It's a bright, bold, and beefy episode you won't want to miss!

This episode was recorded at the 2025 Petfood Forum in Kansas City, Missouri.  Austin begins with an overview of the Association of American Feed Control Officials (AAFCO). Their membership consists of all government officials in the US and other countries who are charged by law to regulate animal feed, including pet food, in their jurisdictions. Canada, Costa Rica, and the US all participate in AAFCO. In the US, animal feed regulation is an integrated food safety system with a partnership between state and federal regulators as well as FDA. AAFCO's ultimate goal is to harmonize animal feed regulation across all states and provide a level playing field for the industry. (8:14)He goes on to explain that AAFCO and FDA's Center for Veterinary Medicine had a long-standing MOU in place that outlined an ingredient approval pathway that ended on October 1, 2024. FDA chose not to renew that MOU to focus on improving their other regulatory pathways, the Food Additive Petition Process and the Generally Regarded as Safe (GRAS) Notice Program. The FDA also has a new Animal Food Ingredient Consultation Process for ingredient approval. AAFCO has partnered with Kansas State University's Olathe Innovation Campus to scientifically review new ingredients, then bring them back through the AAFCO process to get formal approval. Ingredient companies can choose one of these four pathways for new ingredient approval. (10:05) Dr. Starkey notes that the process a company chooses will depend on the ingredient. If it's similar to ingredients proven safe on the market already, the KSU-AAFCO system would be a good route. If it's something a little more sophisticated or a new chemical, that may be more appropriate for a food additive petition, where toxicology studies would be conducted. (12:49)The panel discusses how scrutiny of GRAS rules might impact the pet food industry. Dr. Larson explains the scientific rigor involved in evaluating new ingredients. Dr. Starkey notes that there are different levels of GRAS, one of which is self-affirmed, which might be the one under the most scrutiny at this point. The panel agrees that transparency is critical for consumer confidence and ensuring health and safety of pets. (15:47)Austin talks about some of the ripple effects of the federal reduction in force in the regulatory arena. He and Dr. Larson talk about how the AAFCO-K-State partnership came to be, how K-State is ramping up to manage this project, and future plans for the partnership. (19:52)Dr. Starkey underlines the importance of timely ingredient approvals and how the new AAFCO-K-State partnership allows for companies to be more competitive due to the speed of approvals. Austin notes that an ideal submission with no follow-up questions or back-and-forth would have taken about 18 months to get approval under the old MOU between AAFCO and FDA, and a very small percentage of applications would be considered ideal. With the new AAFCO-K-State process, an expert panel reviews the submission in 60-90 days and the entire approval process is cut roughly in half, to about nine months. (25:55)Scott and the panel discuss how approval pathways differ for ingredient approval based on the claim being made. For example, is it a nutrient or is there some sort of pharmaceutical claim? (28:36)Panelists share their take-home thoughts. (37:19)Please subscribe and share with your industry friends to invite more people to join us at the Real Science Exchange virtual pub table.  If you want one of our Real Science Exchange t-shirts, screenshot your rating, review, or subscription, and email a picture to anh.marketing@balchem.com. Include your size and mailing address, and we'll mail you a shirt.

This episode was recorded at the 2025 Florida Ruminant Nutrition Symposium.  Dr. Baumgard begins with an overview of his presentation, “Importance of gut health to drive animal performance and health.” He notes the metabolic and inflammatory fingerprint of all stressors is essentially the same, indicating they likely all emanate from the gut. Overall, we're gaining a better understanding of how typical on-farm stressors negatively influence gut barrier function. He thinks the most likely mechanism of leaky gut is the immune cell known as a mast cell. When an animal or human is stressed, the enteric nervous system releases corticotropin-releasing factor, which binds to the mast cell, the mast cell degranulates, and the former contents of the mast cell (TNF-alpha, proteases, histamine, etc.) causes the gut to become leaky. (4:20)Once the GI tract barrier becomes compromised, antigens like lipopolysaccharide (LPS) can infiltrate, stimulating the immune system. Immune activation causes loss of appetite much like any other infection. The gut heals fairly quickly upon removal of the stressor(s), and the gut can also acclimate to stress such that the early stages of a stress event are more severe than later stages. Strategies to combat leaky gut remain scarce, and there is no silver bullet. There are a variety of dietary strategies to target the gut permeability issue itself. Another approach would be to bind pathogens or curb their proliferation at the membrane of the small intestine. (7:06)Dr. Neiehues asks if an antihistamine would work on gut mast cells the way it does in other body systems. Dr. Baumgard isn't sure that's ever been looked at, although there have been some studies in pigs using a product targeted to prevent mast cell degranulation. Dr. Nelson wonders if we should interfere in some of these processes because they're obviously there for a reason. Panelists discuss stress events related to parturition and transition, particularly for first-calf heifers. Dr. Baumgard notes that stacking stressors on top of one another compromises an animal's ability to tolerate stress. (9:28)We know stress can cause ulcers in humans and horses - what about ruminants? Dr. Baumgard thinks it is likely that it's happening, but we aren't looking for it. Few animals who die on-farm do receive a thorough postmortem exam. It could also be that these types of insults to the gut are not visible to the naked eye. (19:11)Dr. Nelson asks what makes some cows, despite all the challenges, able to be up and milking 150 pounds a day in no time after calving. What makes them unique? Dr. Baumgard lists some possibilities, including lower pathogenic inflammation than other cows, less tissue trauma damage to the uterus during calving, and lower sensitivity to immune activation. The panel disagrees with the notion that high-producing cows are stressed. (23:16)Dr. Niehues and Dr. Baumgard trade stories of experiments where cows maintained production even with high stress and inflammatory markers. The panel goes on to discuss subclinical infections and their impact on transition cows. Dr. Nelson notes there are retrospective datasets where cows who had metritis showed decreased feed intake even before calving. Dr. Baumgard feels that the decrease in intake has been incorrectly assumed to be the cause of the metritis. He says the decrease in intake is often around two weeks before calving and he doesn't think it's a coincidence that at the same time, the mammary gland is initiating lactogenesis. He hypothesizes the mammary gland is causing an immune response, resulting in a decrease in intake. Dr. Nelson wonders if measuring somatic cell counts of colostrum would show any differences in mammary gland inflammation during this prepartum period. (29:18)Panelists share their take-home thoughts. (42:02)Please subscribe and share with your industry friends to invite more people to join us at the Real Science Exchange virtual pub table.  If you want one of our Real Science Exchange t-shirts, screenshot your rating, review, or subscription, and email a picture to anh.marketing@balchem.com. Include your size and mailing address, and we'll mail you a shirt. 

In this special episode of The Dairy Podcast Show, celebrating Cow Appreciation Day, Dr. Michael Schutz, Head of the Department of Animal Science at the University of Minnesota, shares updates on dairy cattle genetics and herd management. He covers everything from breakthroughs in genomics to colostrum management and industry-wide shifts in dairy science education and practice. Tune in now on your favorite podcast platform!"Computing capacity has revolutionized genetic evaluations, allowing us to manage data on a scale unimaginable decades ago."Meet the guest: Dr. Michael Schutz is the Department Head of Animal Science at the University of Minnesota. With a BS and MS in Animal Science from the University of Minnesota and a Ph.D. in Dairy Cattle Genetics from Iowa State University, he brings decades of experience in dairy cattle research and extension programs. A pioneer in dairy genetics, Dr. Schutz continues to lead efforts in education and innovation.Liked this one? Don't stop now — Here's what we think you'll love!What you'll learn:(00:00) Highlight(01:26) Introduction(04:00) Dairy extension(13:22) Herd management(17:07) Evolution in education(19:43) Colostrum quality(26:16) Computing capacity & genetics(32:54) Final three questionsThe Dairy Podcast Show is trusted and supported by innovative companies like:* Adisseo* Lallemand* Priority IAC* Evonik- SmaXtec- Berg + Schmidt- dsm-firmenich- Scoular- ICC- AHV- Protekta- Natural Biologics

What makes an octopus's blood blue instead of red? In this ocean-themed nature study for kids, discover how hemocyanin helps octopuses survive in cold, low-oxygen waters and why these creatures are some of the coolest animals in the sea. In the companion video class about Octopuses included in the No Sweat Nature Study membership, students will learn all about octopus anatomy, how camouflage works, and the amazing ways these animals use their arms, suckers, and brains to survive. They'll even create an underwater nature journal scene featuring a camouflaged octopus blending into its habitat. Join No Sweat Nature Study at NoSweatNatureStudy.com. Use the code NOSWEAT for 50% off your first month of a monthly membership. Buy gift cards for friends and family to join No Sweat Nature Study →  ourjourneywestward.com/downloads/no-sweat-nature-study-live-gift Charter schools can purchase access to No Sweat Nature Study → ourjourneywestward.com/charter Visit the Octopuses show notes page to see a stunning octopus. Click here to find the nature-themed book recommendations from our listeners! Share pictures of your nature studies on Instagram or Facebook. Be sure to tag @OurJourneyWestward so Mrs. Cindy will see them! Please subscribe to the podcast and leave a rating and review if you enjoy the episodes. Thank you! It helps the podcast so much! :)

This episode was recorded at the 2025 Florida Ruminant Nutrition Symposium. Dr. Bach gives an overview of his presentation, highlighting that buffers make the rumen resistant to a decrease in pH while alkalizers immediately increase rumen pH. He prefers magnesium oxide, an alkalizer, over sodium bicarbonate, a buffer. Both are effective, but sodium bicarbonate requires a larger amount, thus taking up more room in the diet. The magnesium oxide must be of high quality and soluble in the rumen. (3:40)Dr. Richards asks if we should use magnesium oxide more as a first line of defense against acidosis. Dr. Bach notes that the very best strategy is to avoid using either additive by making a proper ration balanced in terms of amount and rate of degradation of starch. But there are many constraints in the field, so he recommends using magnesium oxide before sodium bicarbonate. For the magnesium oxide to be effective, it must be solubilized in the rumen to magnesium hydroxide, and solubility can be tested in a variety of ways to determine quality. (7:35)The panel discusses the impact of magnesium oxide in place of sodium bicarbonate on DCAD and which DCAD equation(s) should be used for calculations. Dr. Bach recommends removing sodium bicarbonate from rations containing less than 1% of the ingredient. It will have little effect on the rumen, but make room in the ration. The panel explores how this can impact farm-level economics. (12:39)Dr. Bach also mentions probiotics and their impact on rumen function. In vitro studies have shown a wide variety of modes of action and positive results. Extrapolating in vitro doses to the cow often results in unsustainable amounts of the additive needing to be fed. Applied studies at the cow level have yielded inconsistent results. (23:29)Scott asks how long Dr. Bach has been making the case for pulling sodium bicarbonate out and putting magnesium oxide in, and what kind of pushback he has received. Dr. Bach gives some of the reasons farmers have given for not wanting to make this management change. He also notes that farmers who do make the switch do not tend to go back to sodium bicarbonate. (25:18)Dr. Bach and Maimie discuss grass silage diets and grazing diets with high amounts of moisture and how best to combat acidosis symptoms with those. In diets like this, where you're not trying to make room for energy, sodium bicarbonate can be a good choice. Dr. Richards chimes in with questions about the ratio of the two ingredients; Dr. Bach indicates the ratio doesn't mean much to him. (26:16)Panelists share their take-home thoughts. (33:27)Please subscribe and share with your industry friends to invite more people to join us at the Real Science Exchange virtual pub table.  If you want one of our Real Science Exchange t-shirts, screenshot your rating, review, or subscription, and email a picture to anh.marketing@balchem.com. Include your size and mailing address, and we'll mail you a shirt.

This episode was recorded at the 2025 Florida Ruminant Nutrition Symposium. Microbial protein has always been Dr. Frikins' main interest. It's the most important and consistent source of protein for the cow, with a very high amino acid content. Histidine is the only exception, but bypass protein sources high in histidine complement microbial protein well. Our assessment of microbial protein is all based on prediction models. In his presentation, Dr. Firkins talked about what we can do to have consistently high microbial protein production and how to make the best use of the models. He touched on starch and fat content as two areas of focus, emphasizing a balanced diet to achieve a balanced supply of microbial protein. (5:36)Dr. Firkins notes that about 90% of the bacteria in the rumen can't be cultured, and there is great diversity in the rumen. There's a core group of bacteria that almost every cow has that are really good at their job because they've been co-selected along with the cow for fiber digestion. The panel discusses how much the microbiome changes over time, host interactions with the microbial population, and inoculation of calves at birth and weaning. (8:47)Dr. De Souza and Dr. Faciola talk about starch associative effects and their impacts on fiber digestibility, how sugars impact the rumen and butyrate production, and the importance of butyrate in de novo milk fat synthesis. Dr. Frikins hypothesizes that when sugars improve fiber digestibility, the sugar stimulates how fiber digesters do their job. Some studies have shown an increase in rumen pH when sugars are supplemented, which may be part of the mechanism of improved fiber digestibility. However, he doesn't recommend using sugars when there is a lot of starch in the diet. (13:38)Dr. Faciola and Dr. Firkins discuss some of the finer points of the dietary starch and fiber digestibility relationship. What are you replacing when you add more starch? What is the proper amount of effective fiber in higher-starch diets? On the other hand, if you decrease starch a little bit, there might be more room for fat. Well-managed cows with adequate effective fiber can probably handle more starch. Dr. Firkins underlines that starch is more digestible than fiber and thus supports microbial protein, but an optimum level is desirable, perhaps 28-20%. (20:37)The panel talks about microbial growth efficiency and the energy-spilling mechanisms some bacteria have. Some models suggest that starch-digesting bacteria have higher maintenance energy requirements. The group then pivots to methane production and available feed additives marketed to reduce methane. Dr. Firkins notes that there is quite a bit of variability in the additives. He emphasizes that if we're using these products, we need to know and measure what's in them and have them be consistent. This is challenging due not only to variability in product, but also rumen adaptation. Dr. Firkins also reminds the audience that improving the cow's efficiency in general in a variety of ways will lead to a smaller environmental footprint. This can range from improving reproductive efficiency to understanding differences in the microbiome of cows who emit more or less methane and trying to shift microbial populations to those with lower emissions. (23:12)Dr. De Souza and Dr. Firkins discuss fatty acid supplementation and fiber digestion relationships. Dr. Firkins explains that in the microbiology literature, it's common to culture bacteria in a simple or complex medium, then add yeast culture. Interestingly, the yeast culture contains a lot of palmitic acid, which has been shown to improve fiber digestibility. He suggests the cell membrane of the bacteria is very critical. When fat supplementation depresses fiber digestibility, he suspects it's disrupting the bacterial membrane. Dr. De Souza recommends 1-2% palmitic acid in the diet for optimal results. (33:58)The panel touches on the importance and relevance of in vitro fermentation work, why histidine is the limiting amino acid in microbial protein, and Dr. Firkins' passion for protozoa. (43:08)Panelists share their take-home thoughts. (53:40)Please subscribe and share with your industry friends to invite more people to join us at the Real Science Exchange virtual pub table.  If you want one of our Real Science Exchange t-shirts, screenshot your rating, review, or subscription, and email a picture to anh.marketing@balchem.com. Include your size and mailing address, and we'll mail you a shirt.