Podcasts about Heritability

What do the genetics of tail length and the genetics of semen quality have in common? Not much, except that our guest, Marnie Hodge, Sheep Genetics Senior Development Officer, has researched them both.Tail length is moderately to highly heritable, but in her research, Marnie found that measuring tail length in centimetres versus a scored system gives you far more accuracy and picks up significantly more genetic variation, which means faster rates of genetic gain if you're selecting for it.But what's actually changing when tails get shorter? Are we dropping vertebrae or just shortening bones? And what about correlations with body structure? Marnie explains what we know, what we don't, and why we don't have a tail length breeding value quite yet. On the opposite end of the scale, as with all reproduction traits, semen quality is lowly heritable. Marnie's research, "Heritability and Genetic Parameters for Semen Traits in Australian Sheep", showed that most of the variation in AI success wasn't down to motility, but more down to the variation in ewe management on each farm. So what does that mean for the establishment of a potential future breeding value? Marnie explains on the podcast. Plus Marnie gives us some updates on what's coming from Sheep Genetics and the combined analysis.Head Shepherd is brought to you by neXtgen Agri International Limited. We help livestock farmers get the most out of the genetics they farm with. Get in touch with us if you would like to hear more about how we can help you do what you do best: info@nextgenagri.com.Thanks to our sponsors at MSD Animal Health and Allflex, and Heiniger Australia and New Zealand. Please consider them when making product choices, as they are instrumental in enabling us to bring you this podcast each week.Check out Heiniger's product range HERECheck out the MSD range HERECheck out Allflex products HERE

This episode was recorded in Reno, Nevada, during the 2025 Western Dairy Management Conference.Dr. Hutjens' presentation focused on herds producing seven pounds of milk fat and milk protein per cow per day, and the genetics, on-farm management and nutrition to make that happen. The panel discusses where components could top out, how added dietary fat has influenced components and the importance of high quality forage to de novo fat synthesis. (4:09)The panel explores how well nutritionists are keeping up with rapid genetic change in milk component production and how farmers respond to recommendations for things like rumen-protected fatty acids and supplemental fat. Dr. Nelson shares some of the unique challenges and opportunities faced by the California dairy producers he works with. (11:56)Dr. Hutjens gives some benchmark values for energy and protein efficiency. The panel debates the merit of energy-corrected milk per stall as an efficiency measure, with the consensus being it might lead to crowding, which would then probably decrease milk and component production due to decreasing cow comfort. The group also discusses selecting for feed efficiency and the heritability of feed efficiency. (16:33)The panel dives into the topic of feed ingredients. High-oleic soybeans and high quality forages are a focus in some parts of the country. Dr. Nelson discusses non-forage fiber sources available in the California market, such as citrus, plums, apples and carrots. The group talks more about how high-sugar byproducts influence rumen fermentation, which is different from starch, as well as benefits in palatability, digestibility and intake. (21:03)Dr. Hutjens talks about benchmarks for milk components and different strategies for increasing component production. Rumen-protected amino acids, purchased fats, roasted high-oleic soybeans and urea are discussed. The group also talks about what might happen if milk processors start asking for less milk fat, for example. Dr. Hutjens talks about how nutritionists can help balance rations to yield different results for different markets. (33:04)Panelists share their take-home thoughts. (40:33)Please subscribe and share with your industry friends to invite more people to join us at the Real Science Exchange virtual pub table.  If you want one of our Real Science Exchange t-shirts, screenshot your rating, review, or subscription, and email a picture to anh.marketing@balchem.com. Include your size and mailing address, and we'll mail you a shirt.

My guest is Michael Snyder, PhD, professor of genetics at Stanford and an expert in understanding why people respond differently to various foods, supplements, behavioral and prescription interventions. We discuss how to optimize your health and lifespan according to what type of glucose responder you are, which genes you express, your lifestyle and other factors. Dr. Snyder also explains the key ages when you need to be particularly mindful about following certain health practices. We also discuss how people respond in opposite ways to different fiber types. This episode ought to be of interest and use to anyone seeking to understand their unique biological needs and how to go about meeting those needs. Sponsors AGZ by AG1: https://drinkag1.com/huberman Wealthfront*: https://wealthfront.com/huberman David: https://davidprotein.com/huberman Eight Sleep: https://eightsleep.com/huberman Function: https://functionhealth.com/huberman *This experience may not be representative of the experience of other clients of Wealthfront, and there is no guarantee that all clients will have similar experiences. Cash Account is offered by Wealthfront Brokerage LLC, Member FINRA/SIPC. The Annual Percentage Yield (“APY”) on cash deposits as of December 27,‬ 2024, is representative, subject to change, and requires no minimum. Funds in the Cash Account are swept to partner banks where they earn the variable‭ APY. Promo terms and FDIC coverage conditions apply. Same-day withdrawal or instant payment transfers may be limited by destination institutions, daily transaction caps, and by participating entities such as Wells Fargo, the RTP® Network, and FedNow® Service. New Cash Account deposits are subject to a 2-4 day holding period before becoming available for transfer. Timestamps 00:00 Michael Snyder 03:33 Healthy Glucose Range, Continuous Glucose Monitors CGM, Hemoglobin A1c 09:02 Individual Variability & Food Choice, Glucose Spikes & Sleepiness 12:18 Sponsors: AGZ by AG1 & Wealthfront 15:16 Glucose Spikes, Tools: Post-Meal Brisk Walk; Soleus “Push-Ups”; Exercise Snacks 21:06 Glucose Dysregulation, Diabetes & Sub-Phenotypes, Tool: Larger Morning Meal 28:34 Exercise Timing, Muscle Insulin Resistance 30:49 Diabetes Subtyping, Weight, Glucose Control; Incretins 35:41 GLP-1 Agonists, Diabetes, Tool: Muscle Maintenance & Resistance Training 38:40 Metformin, Berberine, Headaches 41:01 GLP-1 Agonists, Cognition, Longevity, Tool: Habits Support Medication; Cycling 47:41 Subcutaneous vs Visceral Fat, Organ Stress 49:10 Sponsors: David & Eight Sleep 51:58 Meal Timing & Sleep, Tools: Post-Dinner Walk, Routines, Bedtime Consistency 57:16 Microbiome, Immune System & Gut; Diet & Individual Variability 1:02:52 Fiber Types, Cholesterol & Glucose, Polyphenols 1:09:50 Food As Medicine; Fiber, Microbiome & Individual Variability; Probiotics 1:18:48 Sponsor: Function 1:20:35 Profiling Healthy Individuals, Genomes, Wearables 1:26:31 Whole-Body MRIs, Nodules, Healthy Baseline, Early Diagnosis 1:34:07 Sensors, CGM, Sleep, Heart Rate Variability HRV, Tools: Mindset Effects, Increase REM 1:39:30 HRV, Sleep, Exercise, Tool: Long Exhales; Next-Day Excitement & Sleep 1:42:48 Organ Aging, “Ageotypes”; Biological Age vs Chronological Age 1:49:41 Longevity, Health Span, Genetics, Blue Zones 1:52:19 Epigenetics, Viral Infection & Disease 1:58:54 ALS, Heritability; Neuroprotection, Nicotine 2:03:47 Air Quality, Allergies, DEET & Pesticides, Inflammation, Mold; Microplastics 2:15:02 Single-Drop Blood Test & Biomarkers, Wearables, Observational Trials 2:20:33 Acupuncture, Blood Pressure 2:26:40 Immersive Events & Mental Health Benefits 2:34:59 Data, Nutrition & Lifestyle; Siloed Health Care vs Personalized Medicine 2:43:06 Zero-Cost Support, YouTube, Spotify & Apple Follow & Reviews, Sponsors, YouTube Feedback, Social Media, Neural Network Newsletter Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

[Original thread here: Missing Heritability: Much More Than You Wanted To Know] 1: Comments From People Named In The Post 2: Very Long Comments From Other Very Knowledgeable People 3: Small But Important Corrections 4: Other Comments https://www.astralcodexten.com/p/highlights-from-the-comments-on-missing-ed5

The Story So Far The mid-20th century was the golden age of nurture. Psychoanalysis, behaviorism, and the spirit of the ‘60s convinced most experts that parents, peers, and propaganda were the most important causes of adult personality. Starting in the 1970s, the pendulum swung the other way. Twin studies shocked the world by demonstrating that most behavioral traits - especially socially relevant traits like IQ - were substantially genetic. Typical estimates for adult IQ found it was about 60% genetic, 40% unpredictable, and barely related at all to parenting or family environment. By the early 2000s, genetic science reached a point where scientists could start pinpointing the particular genes behind any given trait. Early candidate gene studies, which hoped to find single genes with substantial contributions to IQ, depression, or crime, mostly failed. They were replaced with genome wide association studies, which accepted that most interesting traits were polygenic - controlled by hundreds or thousands of genes - and trawled the whole genome searching for variants that might explain 0.1% or even 0.01% of the pie. The goal shifted toward polygenic scores - algorithms that accepted thousands of genes as input and spit out predictions of IQ, heart disease risk, or some other outcome of interest. The failed candidate gene studies had sample sizes in the three or four digits. The new genome-wide studies needed five or six digits to even get started. It was prohibitively difficult for individual studies to gather so many subjects, genotype them, and test them for the outcome of interest, so work shifted to big centralized genome repositories - most of all the UK Biobank - and easy-to-measure traits. Among the easiest of all was educational attainment (EA), ie how far someone had gotten in school. Were they a high school dropout? A PhD? Somewhere in between? This correlated with all the spicy outcomes of interest people wanted to debate - IQ, wealth, social class - while being objective and easy to ask about on a survey. Twin studies suggested that IQ was about 60% genetic, and EA about 40%. This seemed to make sense at the time - how far someone gets in school depends partly on their intelligence, but partly on fuzzier social factors like class / culture / parenting. The first genome-wide studies and polygenic scores found enough genes to explain 2%pp1 of this 40% pie. The remaining 38%, which twin studies deemed genetic but where researchers couldn't find the genes - became known as “the missing heritability” or “the heritability gap”. Scientists came up with two hypothesis for the gap, which have been dueling ever since: Maybe twin studies are wrong. Maybe there are genes we haven't found yet For most of the 2010s, hypothesis 2 looked pretty good. Researchers gradually gathered bigger and bigger sample sizes, and found more and more of the missing heritability. A big 2018 study increased the predictive power of known genes from 2% to 10%. An even bigger 2022 study increased it to 14%, and current state of the art is around 17%. Seems like it was sample size after all! Once the samples get big enough we'll reach 40% and finally close the gap, right? This post is the story of how that didn't happen, of the people trying to rehabilitate the twin-studies-are-wrong hypothesis, and of the current status of the debate. Its most important influence/foil is Sasha Gusev, whose blog The Infintesimal introduced me to the new anti-hereditarian movement and got me to research it further, but it's also inspired by Eric Turkheimer, Alex Young (not himself an anti-hereditarian, but his research helped ignite interest in this area), and Awais Aftab. (while I was working on this draft, the East Hunter Substack wrote a similar post. Theirs is good and I recommend it, but I think this one adds enough that I'm publishing anyway) https://www.astralcodexten.com/p/missing-heritability-much-more-than

In this episode, Dr. James McIlroy interviews Dr. Ran Blekhman, an associate professor at the University of Chicago, about the microbiome and its role as 'our second genome.' Dr. Blekhman shares his research findings on the genetic and environmental factors that shape the microbiome, the heritability of microbial genes, and the relationship between the human genome and microbiome. They also discuss Dr. Blekhman's groundbreaking research that analysed over 168,000 samples to understand global microbiome patterns, the influence of early-life microbiome development, and the potential of microbiome-based diagnostics and therapeutics. Tune in for a comprehensive dive into one of the most promising areas of genetic and microbial research. 00:00 Introduction to Dr. R Blackman and the Microbiome 01:23 Podcast Growth and Listener Engagement 01:56 Starting the Conversation with Dr. Blackman 02:04 Exploring the Second Genome 02:24 Human Genome vs. Microbiome 03:23 Genetic Interactions with the Microbiome 04:02 Understanding Microbial Genes and Functions 05:40 Heritability and Environmental Factors 06:53 Microbiome Diversity and Heritability 08:57 Research on Microbiome Heritability 17:18 Baboon Model System for Microbiome Studies 18:56 Population Scale Microbiome Research 25:27 Global Patterns and Data Integration 33:36 The Untapped Potential of Microbiome Data 35:08 Hypotheses and Discoveries in Microbiome Research 36:46 Geographical Variations in Microbiome 49:18 Technical Challenges and Methodologies 52:20 AI and Machine Learning in Microbiome Studies 54:59 Future Directions and Clinical Applications 01:00:38 Exploring Early Life Microbiome 01:03:30 Conclusion and Further Reading

Matters Microbial #91: You Are What Your Genes Feed Your Microbiome May 16, 2025 Today, Dr. Emily Davenport, Assistant Professor in the Department of Biology and Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences at Penn State University, joins the #QualityQuorum to tell us about the research her team does, studying how our own genes impact our microbiomes.   Host: Mark O. Martin Guest: Emily Davenport Subscribe: Apple Podcasts, Spotify Become a patron of Matters Microbial! Links for this episode A description of GWAS (“Genome Wide Association Study”).  Here is an introductory video about the concept. An explainer on organoids. An essay about the diversity of the host microbiome (i.e. is there a “healthy” microbiome?). An article of the work of Dr. Sarkis Mazamian on how individual host genes and bacterial genes can impact the microbiome. A nice write up for Dr. Mazamian's work showing how host genes and bacterial genes can work together…or not. An oldish video of how the infant microbiome develops over time by Dr. Rob Knight's research group. An article on the same topic from Dr. Ruth Ley. An essay on the mucosal microbiota, rather than the fecal microbiome. An interesting member of the human microbiome, Akkermansia that might be related to obesity. Another interesting member of the human microbiome, Bifidobacterium, which appears to be associated with host lactose metabolism.  Yes, there is a Giant Microbes plush toy. An overview of the impact of host genetics on the microbiome by Dr. Davenport.  A definition of heritability. An overview of the Hutterites and how their study has advanced genetics. An explainer of the power of twin studies in genetics. A fascinating article about ancient dental plaque microbiome by Dr. Davenport and others. Dr. Davenport's faculty website. Dr. Davenport's research group website. Intro music is by Reber Clark Send your questions and comments to mattersmicrobial@gmail.com

Heritability has long been known to play a role in aortic aneurysm and dissection for individuals with the Marfan and Loeys-Dietz syndromes. Recent research at Penn Medicine and elsewhere has revealed the presence of genetic variants linked to these syndromes in non-syndromic disease. In this podcast, clinical genetics specialist Staci Kallish, DO, discusses this phenomenon, reviews ongoing studies to determine the risk for aortic aneurysm and dissection in the general population, and the protocols for candidates for genetic evaluation and testing in at- risk populations.

Dr. Richard Haier is an emeritus professor of Pediatric Neurology at UC Irvine, who spent his career studying the neuroscience of intelligence. Over the course of his career, Haier has come to believe in the existence of a “g-factor,” a measurable quantity of broad spectrum intelligence that is universally predictive of success in all cultures. He also believes that intelligence is a fixed characteristic, and that it's possible to predict someone's intelligence by watching how their brain works when trying to solve a puzzle. We sit down with him to figure out how far one can take this theory of intelligence before running headlong into a heartless social darwinism, why intelligence research feels so creepy, if IQ tests are actually measuring what we think they're measuring, if intelligence is really the thing that we should be optimizing for, and if it's possible for technology to make us dumber. Don't miss the historic cosmology summit in Portugal this summer!!! DEMYSTICON 2025 ANNUAL MEETING June 12-16: https://demystifysci.com/demysticon-2025 PATREON: get episodes early + join our weekly Patron Chat https://bit.ly/3lcAasB MERCH: Rock some DemystifySci gear : https://demystifysci.myspreadshop.com/all AMAZON: Do your shopping through this link: https://amzn.to/3YyoT98 SUBSTACK: https://substack.com/@UCqV4_7i9h1_V7hY48eZZSLw@demystifysci 00:00 Go! 00:09:28 Flynn Effect and G Factor 00:15:40 Testing, Practice, and Intelligence 00:26:58 The Relationship Between Intelligence, Motivation, and Test Scores 00:31:09 Heritability and Societal Implications of Intelligence 00:35:51 The Social Value of Intelligence Versus Athletic Ability 00:41:54 IQ Levels and Educational Attainment 00:48:03 The Dilution of College Degrees 00:53:07 Educational System Critique 00:57:24 Intelligence and Occupational Success 01:01:40 Bureaucracy and Talent in Academia 01:06:13 Intelligence and Personal Success 01:19:20 Enhancing Intelligence through Drugs 01:25:28 Brain Efficiency and Intelligence 01:31:12 Tetris Study and Brain Efficiency 01:44:20 Predicting Intelligence through Brain Imaging 01:49:58 Brain Structure and Cognitive Prediction 01:52:00 Challenges in Enhancing Intelligence 02:04:22 Environmental and Genetic Interplay 02:14:02 Understanding Autism and Intelligence 02:19:56 Artificial Intelligence vs. Human Intelligence 02:28:21 Technology's Impact on Skill Development 02:32:55 Flynn Effect and Educational Implications 02:39:24 Technology and Its Impact on Children 02:45:08 Societal Roles and Intelligence Levels 02:48:09 Meaning and Societal Functionality #IQTests, #Neuroscience, #intelligence, #iqtest, #ArtificialIntelligence, #HumanIntelligence, #CognitiveScience, #BrainFunction, #iq , #Neuroimaging, #AIvsHumans, #TechImpact, #philosophypodcast, #sciencepodcast, #longformpodcast Check our short-films channel, @DemystifySci: https://www.youtube.com/c/DemystifyingScience AND our material science investigations of atomics, @MaterialAtomics https://www.youtube.com/@MaterialAtomics Join our mailing list https://bit.ly/3v3kz2S PODCAST INFO: Anastasia completed her PhD studying bioelectricity at Columbia University. When not talking to brilliant people or making movies, she spends her time painting, reading, and guiding backcountry excursions. Shilo also did his PhD at Columbia studying the elastic properties of molecular water. When he's not in the film studio, he's exploring sound in music. They are both freelance professors at various universities. - Blog: http://DemystifySci.com/blog - RSS: https://anchor.fm/s/2be66934/podcast/rss - Donate: https://bit.ly/3wkPqaD - Swag: https://bit.ly/2PXdC2y SOCIAL: - Discord: https://discord.gg/MJzKT8CQub - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/groups/DemystifySci - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/DemystifySci/ - Twitter: https://twitter.com/DemystifySci MUSIC: -Shilo Delay: https://g.co/kgs/oty671

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IQ is, to say the least, a fraught concept. Psychologists have studied IQ—or g for “general cognitive ability”—maybe more than any other psychological construct. And they've learned some interesting things about it. That it's remarkably stable over the lifespan. That it really is general: people who ace one test of intellectual ability tend to ace others. And that IQs have risen markedly over the last century. At the same time, IQ seems to be met with increasing squeamishness, if not outright disdain, in many circles. It's often seen as crude, misguided, reductive—maybe a whole lot worse. There's no question, after all, that IQ has been misused—that it still gets misused—for all kinds of racist, classist, colonialist purposes. As if this wasn't all thorny enough, the study of IQ is also intimately bound up with the study of genetics. It's right there in the roiling center of debates about how genes and environment make us who we are. So, yeah, what to make of all this? How should we be thinking about IQ? My guest today is Dr. Eric Turkheimer. Eric is Professor of Psychology at the University of Virginia. He has studied intelligence and many other complex human traits for decades, and he's a major figure in the field of “behavior genetics.” Eric also has a new book out this fall—which I highly recommend—titled Understanding the Nature-Nurture Debate. In a field that has sometimes been accused of rampant optimism, Eric is—as you'll hear—a bit more measured. In this conversation, Eric and I focus on intelligence and its putatively genetic basis. We talk about why Eric doubts that we are anywhere close to an account of the biology of IQ. We discuss what makes intelligence such a formidable construct in psychology and why essentialist understandings of it are so intuitive. We talk about Francis Galton and the long shadow he's cast on the study of human behavior. We discuss the classic era of Twin Studies—an era in which researchers started to derive quantitative estimates of the heritability of complex traits. We talk about how the main takeaway from that era was that genes are quite important indeed, and about how more genetic techniques suggest that takeaway may have been a bit simplistic. Along the way, Eric and I touch on spelling ability, child prodigies, the chemical composition of money, the shared quirks of twins reared apart, the Flynn Effect, the Reverse Flynn Effect, birth order, the genetics of height, the problem of missing heritability, whether we should still be using IQ scores, and the role of behavior genetics in the broader social sciences.  Alright folks, lots in here—let's just get to it. On to my conversation with Dr. Eric Turkheimer. Enjoy!   A transcript of this episode will be available soon.   Notes and links 3:30 – The 1994 book The Bell Curve, by Richard Herrnstein a Charles Murray, dealt largely with the putative social implications of IQ research. It was extremely controversial and widely discussed. For an overview of the book and controversy, see the Wikipedia article here. 6:00 – For discussion of the “all parents are environmentalists…” quip, see here. 12:00 – The notion of “multiple intelligences” was popularized by the psychologist Howard Gardner—see here for an overview. See here for an attempt to test the claims of the “multiple intelligences” framework using some of the methods of traditional IQ research. For work on EQ (or Emotional Intelligence) see here. 19:00 – Dr. Turkheimer has also laid out his spelling test analogy in a Substack post. 22:30 – Dr. Turkheimer's 1998 paper, “Heritability and Biological Explanation.” 24:30 – For an in-passing treatment of the processing efficiency idea, see p. 195 of Daniel Nettle's book Personality. See also Richard Haier's book, The Neuroscience of Intelligence. 26:00 – The original study on the relationship between pupil size and intelligence. A more recent study that fails to replicate those findings. 31:00 – For an argument that child prodigies constitute an argument for “nature,” see here. For a memorable narrative account of one child prodigy, see here. 32:00 – A meta-analysis of the Flynn effect. We have previously discussed the Flynn Effect in an episode with Michael Muthukrishna. 37:00 – James Flynn's book, What is Intelligence? On the reversal of the Flynn Effect, see here. 40:00 – The phrase “nature-nurture” originally comes from Shakespeare and was picked up by Francis Galton. In The Tempest, Prospero describes Caliban as “a born devil on whose nature/ Nurture can never stick.” 41:00 – For a biography of Galton, see here. For an article-length account of Galton's role in the birth of eugenics, see here. 50:00 – For an account of R.A. Fisher's 1918 paper and its continuing influence, see here. 55:00 – See Dr. Turkheimer's paper on the “nonshared environment”—E in the ACE model. 57:00 – A study coming out of the Minnesota Study of Twins reared apart. A New York Times article recounting some of the interesting anecdata in the Minnesota Study. 1:00:00 – See Dr. Turkheimer's 2000 paper on the “three laws of behavior genetics.” Note that this is not, in fact, Dr. Turkheimer's most cited paper (though it is very well cited). 1:03:00 – For another view of the state of behavior genetics in the postgenomic era, see here. 1:11:00 – For Dr. Turkheimer's work on poverty, heritability, and IQ, see here. 1:13:00 – A recent large-scale analysis of birth order effects on personality. 1:16:00 – For Dr. Turkheimer's take on the missing heritability problem, see here and here.    1:19:00 – A recent study on the missing heritability problem in the case of height. 1:30:00 – On the dark side of IQ, see Chapter 9 of Dr. Turkheimer's book. See also Radiolab's series on g. 1:31:00 – See Dr. Turkheimer's Substack, The Gloomy Prospect.   Recommendations The Genetic Lottery, Kathryn Paige Harden Intelligence, Stuart Ritchie Intelligence and How to Get It, Richard Nisbett ‘Why our IQ levels are higher than our grandparents'' (Ted talk), James Flynn   Many Minds is a project of the Diverse Intelligences Summer Institute, which is made possible by a generous grant from the John Templeton Foundation to Indiana University. The show is hosted and produced by Kensy Cooperrider, with help from Assistant Producer Urte Laukaityte and with creative support from DISI Directors Erica Cartmill and Jacob Foster. Our artwork is by Ben Oldroyd. Our transcripts are created by Sarah Dopierala. Subscribe to Many Minds on Apple, Stitcher, Spotify, Pocket Casts, Google Play, or wherever you listen to podcasts. You can also now subscribe to the Many Minds newsletter here! We welcome your comments, questions, and suggestions. Feel free to email us at: manymindspodcast@gmail.com. For updates about the show, visit our website or follow us on Twitter (@ManyMindsPod) or Bluesky (@manymindspod.bsky.social).

Dr. Stephen Storage, a child psychiatrist, discusses the key stages of child psychological development and the impact of family dynamics and early childhood experiences on a child's mental health. He explains that there are four stages of development: infancy (0-2 years), early childhood (2-6 years), middle childhood (6-12 years), and adolescence (12-18 years). Each stage has a developmental task that the child must master, and if they don't, it can lead to issues later in life. Factors such as attachment, trauma, and adverse childhood experiences can shape a child's psyche and impact their relationships and mental health as adults. Trauma shapes the biology of the developing brain, leading to changes in brain activity and blood flow. The impact of trauma on the brain can be addressed through various therapies, supplements, and lifestyle changes. Genetics play a significant role in mental health conditions, with conditions like ADHD and autism having a high heritability. The three pillars of brain health are sleep, exercise, and nutrition. Social media can have negative effects on the developing brain, leading to higher rates of anxiety, depression, and ADHD. However, social media can also be a platform for connection and spreading awareness about mental health. It is important to set limits on social media use and ensure that the content is interactive and educational. Play is crucial for the psychological development of children, promoting problem-solving, creativity, social skills, emotional regulation, and confidence. Parents should be aware of the signs of mental health struggles in their children and foster open communication.Amen Clinic@drstevenstorage@therunningwinemom_

This podcast summarises the article 'Heritability of sudden cardiac death in Thoroughbred racehorses' 

This is the first part of our conversation. The full episode and the complete archive of Subversive episodes, including exclusive episodes and my writing, are available on Substack. You can also subscribe to the podcast sans writing on Patreon for a bit less. This is how the show is financed and grows, so I appreciate every contribution! Please subscribe at: ⁠https://www.alexkaschuta.com/⁠ ⁠https://www.patreon.com/aksubversive⁠ Our conversation explores the concept of pronatalism, the role of parents in shaping the values and behaviors of their children, the influence of genetics and culture, the limitations of heritability studies, and the challenges of navigating the complex nature vs. nurture debate. We also talk about the complexity of personality traits, the challenges of measuring and understanding them, the different flavors of traits, and the role of parenting in shaping them. The discussion also touches on the search for meaning in life, the impact of career choices, the importance of parenting styles, and the need for pro-natalist policies. Erik Hoel is an essayist, a neuroscientist, a novelist, and the author of one of my favorite Substacks: The Intrinsic Perspective Chapters 00:00 Introduction to Pronatalism and the Repugnant Conclusion 09:17 The Role of Parents in Shaping Values and Behaviors 18:59 Genetics, Heritability, and the Nature vs. Nurture Debate 40:22 The Complexity of Personality Traits 42:07 The Challenges of Measurement 46:12 Finding Meaning in Life 51:04 The Experience of Parenthood 56:49 Pronatalist Policies

In this reflection I process traits l inherited from my parents and consider their desirability. Supporting themes: Rational and irrational behavior; City and rural living; Pathologies and Therapy; Communication and the 7-38-55 rule; Conventional and non-conventional living: Abuse and Intergenerational trauma. This reflection was influenced in part by 1. Kenneth Bordens & Irwin Horowitz ("Social Psychology"); and 2. Alexis Kingsley (YouTube: "Introverted Intuition vs. Introverted Sensing"). Typology: Ni, Si, Te; Fi; Social-Eight

This is the first half of our conversation. The full episode and the complete archive of Subversive episodes, including exclusive episodes and my writing, are available on Substack. You can also subscribe to the podcast sans writing on Patreon for a bit less. This is how the show is financed and grows, so I appreciate every contribution! Please subscribe at: https://www.alexkaschuta.com/ https://www.patreon.com/aksubversive/ Our conversation explores the topic of the heritability of IQ and personality, as well as the relationship between intelligence and fertility. It also touches on the differences between men and women in terms of intelligence and achievement. We also discuss various topics related to gender norms, masculinity, Jewish overrepresentation, and the relationship between cognitive ability and political views. We also touch on the influence of democracy and values on political beliefs. Sebastian Jensen is an anonymous researcher and Substack author who blogs at https://www.sebjenseb.net/ Here are the timestamps for the full conversation: 00:00 Introduction and the Heritability of IQ and Personality 03:08 Intelligence and Fertility: Exploring the Relationship 05:11 Differences Between Men and Women: Intelligence and Achievement 37:09 Shifting Gender Norms and Educational Attainment 44:51 Exploring Jewish Over-representation 53:28 The Relationship Between Cognitive Ability and Political Views 59:42 The Influence of Democracy on Political Beliefs 01:06:39 Recommended Thinkers --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/aksubversive/message

De sociale medier TikTok, Facebook og Instagram flyder over med videoer, hvori det påstås, at simple fingerøvelser kan gøre din hjerne skarpere.  Måske er du selv stødt ind i øvelsen, hvor du skiftevis skal lave en pistol og et peace-tegn med højre og venstre hånd? Det er Brainstorm-værten Nana i hvert fald, og hun har sat sig for at komme til bunds i, om videoernes postulater har noget på sig. Kan ‘fingergymnastik' virkelig styrke kognitionen? Både Nana og Anne Sophie er lidt skeptiske over for ideen, men ifølge to hjerneforskere - Kamilla Miskowiak og Albert Gjedde - er effekten af fingergymnastik på vores hjerner noget mere nuanceret end som så… Svaret på, om fingergymnastik kan gøre hjernen skarpere, tager os forbi kinesisk naturmedicin, forbi musikeres hjerner og forbi memoreringsteknikker, der involverer bøf bearnaise og bilnummerplader. Medvirkende Kamilla Miskowiak, professor, Institut for Psykologi, Københavns Universitet, leder af Neurocognition and Emotion in Affective Disorders (NEAD) Centre, Psykiatrisk Center København  Albert Gjedde, professor emeritus på Københavns Universitet og husforsker Redaktion Anne Sophie Thingsted, Nana Elving Hansen, Astrid Marie Wermus, Caroline Overskov Kilder Videoer, der påstår, at fingergymnastik styrker hjernen: Her og her. Studie om at fingerøvelser styrker ældres demenspatienters kognitive funktioner, Brain Behavior and Immunity Integrative, 2023 Studier om musikeres hjerner:  ‘What can studying musicians tell us about motor control of the hand?', Journal of Anatomy, 2006 ‘Heritability of Childhood Music Engagement and Associations with Language and Executive Function: Insights from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study', Behavior Genetics, 2023 ‘In vivo evidence of structural brain asymmetry in musicians', Science, 1995 ‘Corpus callosum: musician and gender effects', Neuroreport, 2003 ‘Increased cortical representation of the fingers of the left hand in string players', Science, 1995

In den letzten Jahren hört man immer mehr davon und auch viele Hörer:innen haben sich eine Auseinandersetzung mit diesem Thema gewünscht: Heute geht es um ADHS. Um dieses komplexe Thema verständlicher zu machen, geht es in diesem ersten Teil um die wissenschaftlichen Grundlagen. Sinja und Boris stellen sich die Frage, was ADHS eigentlich genau ist. Dabei beleuchten sie typische Symptome, neurologische Besonderheiten, Folgen, Ursachen und vieles mehr!Wie gefällt dir Verstehen, fühlen, glücklich sein? Erzähle es uns hier.Hintergründe und Studien: Scobel (2023, Dezember 21). Wie #ADHS auch eine Chance sein kann | Gert Scobel [Ganze TV-Folge]. Youtube. Link zum Video Arns, M., Conners, C. K., & Kraemer, H. C. (2013). A Decade of EEG Theta/Beta Ratio Research in ADHD: A Meta-Analysis. Journal of Attention Disorders, 17(5), 374-383. Link zur Studie Hart, H., Raduà, J., Nakao, T., Mataix-Cols, D., & Rubia, K. (2013). Meta-analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging studies of inhibition and attention in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: exploring task-specific, stimulant medication, and age effects.. JAMA psychiatry, 70 2, 185-98 . Link zur Studie Wu, J., Xiao, H., Sun, H., Zou, L., & Zhu, L. Q. (2012). Role of dopamine receptors in ADHD: a systematic meta-analysis. Molecular neurobiology, 45, 605-620. Link zur Studie Li, D., Sham, P. C., Owen, M. J., & He, L. (2006). Meta-analysis shows significant association between dopamine system genes and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Human molecular genetics, 15(14), 2276-2284. Link zur Studie Willcutt, E., Doyle, A., Nigg, J., Faraone, S., & Pennington, B. (2005). Validity of the Executive Function Theory of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Meta-Analytic Review. Biological Psychiatry, 57, 1336-1346. Link zur Studie Ozel-Kizil, E., Kokurcan, A., Aksoy, U., Kanat, B., Sakarya, D., Baştuğ, G., Çolak, B., Altunoz, U., Kırıcı, S., Demirbaş, H., & Oncu, B. (2016). Hyperfocusing as a dimension of adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.. Research in developmental disabilities, 59, 351-358 . Link zur StudieGöbel, K., Baumgarten, F., Kuntz, B., Hölling, H., & Schlack, R. (2018). ADHS bei Kindern und Jugendlichen in Deutschland–Querschnittergebnisse aus KiGGS Welle 2 und Trends. Link zur StudieØstergaard, S. D., Dalsgaard, S., Faraone, S. V., Munk-Olsen, T., & Laursen, T. M. (2017). Teenage parenthood and birth rates for individuals with and without attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a nationwide cohort study. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 56(7), 578-584. Link zur Studie Angold, A., Costello, E. J., & Erkanli, A. (1999). Comorbidity. The Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines, 40(1), 57-87. Link zur Studie Freitag, C. M., & Retz, W. (Eds.). (2007). ADHS und komorbide Erkrankungen: Neurobiologische Grundlagen und diagnostisch-therapeutische Praxis bei Kindern und Erwachsenen. W. Kohlhammer Verlag Link zum Buch Brikell, I., Kuja‐Halkola, R., & Larsson, H. (2015). Heritability of attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder in adults. American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics, 168(6), 406-413. Link zur Studie Unsere allgemeinen Datenschutzrichtlinien finden Sie unter https://art19.com/privacy. Die Datenschutzrichtlinien für Kalifornien sind unter https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info abrufbar.

Listen to ASCO's Journal of Clinical Oncology essay, “The Heritability of Cancer” by Dr. Leeat Granek, Associate Professor at York University in Toronto, Canada. The essay is followed by an interview with Granek and host Dr. Lidia Schapira. Granek shares how her mother's diagnose with breast cancer continues to shape her own life and experiences. TRANSCRIPT Narrator: The Heritability of Cancer, by Leeat Granek  I was 9 years old when my mother was first diagnosed with breast cancer and 25 when she died. The boundary between before and after is so clear that it feels like I have lived two lives. I went from being a careless, cerebral, quirky child to a rough version of the responsible, reliable, and vigilant adult I would eventually became. With cancer came the fear of losing my mother, and with that fear came an unwelcome but necessary maturity. There were other important life events impacting our family around that time that contributed to this sense of split. We had just moved from Israel to Toronto and knew few people in our new environment. My mother had just given birth to my baby brother, and my parents had bought a new house for our growing family. At the time, I was starting third grade in a new school—the fifth new school since beginning kindergarten. All this in addition to the diagnosis. My mother was only 33 years old—the same age I am now. While I adapted to everything else—new house, new school, new brother, new country—cancer insisted on sticking around, and it claimed not only my mother's life but, in many ways, my own. Cancer enters the body of the caregivers in ways that move far beyond the domestic work involved in the running of the house or the management of medications and appointments. It can become part of caregiver DNA through inherited genes, but it often does so in more insidious ways. My mother lived with the disease for 17 years before she died in 2005. It is fair to say I grew up in the hospital. Over the years, there were multiple surgeries, along with episodes of weekly chemotherapy and daily radiation sessions. She suffered a host of complications that came with metastatic disease and its treatment, including four instances of strep A bacteremia. Many major events happened in the hospital. We ate Chinese food with our matzos on Passover in her room and lit Hanukkah candles in the waiting room where we accidentally set off the fire alarm on the seventh night, to the consternation of the nursing staff. My 11th, 15th, 18th, and 25th birthdays were celebrated in cramped hospital quarters, cutting the birthday cake with a dull plastic knife. Indeed, the last birthday we had together was my 25th, and we marked it in the hospital 2 days before she died. In her last lucid moment, she managed to miraculously lift out of the fog caused by brain metastases to give me a kiss and exclaim “Mazal tov, Leeatie!” I remember the sounds and the smells. Static codes being called out over the hospital loudspeakers. The haunting “clink, clink, clink” of the staples being removed from my mother's skin graft and landing with a loud clatter in a silver bowl. The pale green hallways and their antiseptic smell, which I grew to hate. The airless temperature that was neither hot nor cold—hospital weather, I used to call it. The hospital, with its sounds and smells, was my second home. It sounds awful. And it was a lot of the time, but there were many good moments as well. My mother was smart, intuitive, funny, and astonishingly optimistic. She was always laughing and incredibly giving with her love and affection. We were exceptionally close. Her eyes lit up and her arms stretched out to give me a hug every single time I walked into her room. She would say things like, “Leeatie, I love you so much. I wouldn't change a single thing about you! How did I get to be so lucky to have a daughter like you?” and “There's no one in the world I would rather spend time with than you.” I didn't have to do anything to earn her affection. I felt that I always came first, that I was always wanted and loved, and that my mother was always entirely there for me in every sense of the word. The hospital days that punctuated much of my childhood, adolescence, and young adulthood were both an annoyance and a blessing. There was nothing else to do but simply be together, which was fun and easy, thankfully. When I was older and no longer living at home, I would sometimes sleep over in her hospital room during her admissions. We would curl up in the twin bed and talk for hours until we both fell asleep, or we would sit together, each absorbed in her own book, comforted by the warmness of being together.  When I think about being a caregiver for my mom, and by extension a caregiver for our family, it was not the hours of care work—the babysitting, driving to appointments, spending time in the hospital—that consumed me. The impact was long-lasting and continues to this day. As a health psychologist and a researcher in the area of psychooncology, I know the permanent and long-term devastations cancer causes throughout the caregiver's—in my case, the daughter's—entire life span. To this day, I have no real sense of what normal physical development for a woman should feel and look like, and in some sense, I never will. I entered puberty around the same time my mother was having her breasts and ovaries removed, which made that phase frightening and emotionally difficult. And now, I have no mother to turn to and ask about my endlessly evolving female form, no mother to guide me through future pregnancies or talk me through gray hair and menopause.  Cancer shaped my young adulthood and my emotional development. At 20 years old, I was dealing with issues facing 60-year-olds who care for ill and aging parents. Because part of me recognized that time was running out—indeed, because I lived almost my entire life with a neon awareness of my mother's mortality—I was tethered to home and making decisions about school, life, and love that would keep me close to her. I don't regret these choices or a single moment that I chose to spend with her, and now I have an entire lifetime to come and go as I please. Being challenged with a cancer-driven perspective at 20, however, carries risks of having an entire lifetime being developmentally out of step with one's peers and unprepared for life events outside a hospital. For example, at 25, I could look death in the face without trembling and without abandoning my mother at her end, but I was unprepared to face the dating world that most young adults would have no trouble navigating. Although I was and remain a loved, nurtured, and supported daughter, cancer diverted the vast majority of the temporal, emotional, financial, and physical resources in our family toward fighting the disease. When she was alive, my mother was fully present in my life. But even her unconditional love could not repair the reality of my out-of-sync development as a child and young adult or today make up for her continued absence in my life. My absent mother is at the core of a black hole of grief that remains inside of me and that has been painfully pried open with subsequent losses to cancer—my grandmother and my aunt, a professor I admired and family friend that I loved. Each loss re-exposes a haunting grief I have learned to accept and live with. Grief is a shadow that looms large in my life. It is both the topic I chose to study and the affect I advocate fiercely for,1–4 because as I have learned through my own experiences and research, love and light come from the same place as grief and darkness.  The ability to grieve our losses fully also allows us to love and appreciate the people in our lives when they are still with us. And then, of course, there is the worry: the biannual check-ups, magnetic resonance imaging scans, and mammograms; the surveillance and the false positives and the constant paradoxical tension that comes with the awareness of the nature of these tests provide a false sense of control over a disease that refuses to be harnessed.  The literature about the impact of parental cancer on children at the time of diagnosis, during treatment, after surgery, and even at the time of death is extensive,5–6 but few of these studies acknowledge how much this disease alters the life course of the child well after the parent has recovered or has died. Being a caregiver for a patient with cancer consumed much of my childhood, adolescence, and young adulthood when my mother was alive and charted the course for my future as a health psychologist working in the field of psychooncology. Although many years have passed and although I have a doctorate in hand, several years of postdoctoral training in the field of psychooncology, an academic career studying these issues, and dozens of publications from my research on the psychological and emotional effects of cancer on patients, caregivers, and their families,7–16 from time to time, I still feel like a scared 9-year-old child trying to gain control over this disease and get out of the shadow that cancer has cast on my life. Dr. Lidia Schapira: Hello, and welcome to JCO's Cancer Stories, the Art of Oncology, which features essays and personal reflections from authors exploring their experience in the field of oncology. I'm your host, Dr. Lidia Schapira. I'm a Professor of Medicine at Stanford University. Today we are joined by Dr. Leeat Granek, Associate Professor at York University in Toronto, Canada, in the School of Social Policy and Health Management. In this episode, we will be talking about her Art of Oncology article, "The Heritability of Cancer." At the time of this recording, our guest has no disclosures. Leeat, welcome to our podcast and thank you for joining us. Dr. Leeat Granek: Thank you so much for having me. It's a pleasure.  Dr. Lidia Schapira: Your essay is a classic, and I'm so glad that we were able to include it in the recent anthology of Art of Oncology. So let's start by talking a little bit about what led you to not only write, but decide to share this essay eight years after your mother passed of breast cancer. Bring us to that moment. Tell us what you were thinking.  Dr. Leeat Granek: Yeah, so that's a great question. And I recently, in preparation for this interview, reread it, and I was a little taken aback, even by how exposed and how vulnerable it was. But I really like that essay, and I'm really glad that it was published. It was kind of a culmination of a lot of thoughts that I was having as a person who has researched grief for many years, and as a person who was working in the field of psycho oncology, doing research in the area, and as a grieving daughter. And I think eight years is nothing in the grieving trajectory, right? We often think about grief as something acute that happens to you, and then you get over it and you move on with your life, and that certainly has not been my experience of grieving. I think it changes as you change, and it's just a constant presence in your life. And I was thinking about that in the context of being a caregiver for somebody who has cancer. So I think my experience is a little different than others, just because my mom was very young. She was 33 when she was diagnosed, and I was only nine. And she lived with this metastatic disease for nearly 20 years. So we had a very long journey with cancer. And I can kind of see now, as I reread it, the parallel thinking processes I had about grief and about cancer. And being a researcher in the field, I still feel that there are a lot of gaps in terms of the caregiver experience. But this idea of heritability, we often think about cancer as something you inherit genetically through our genetic makeup. But I think that it really, especially when you're young, changes your whole life trajectory. And I could not find anything in the literature that spoke about it in that very longitudinal kind of way and the way the impact of cancer changes you throughout your entire life. And so it just came from a very personal place, but also that intersection of being aware of the different literatures and how they came together.  Dr. Lidia Schapira: Let's unpack this a little bit. One of the things that you just said was that you shared your vulnerabilities, and I want to ask you a little bit more about that. Here you are. You're about the same age that when your mother was living with this as a young woman. I think you said that she was diagnosed roughly at the time that you were writing this. And you decide to explore this wearing a little bit of your research hat in a very deeply personal way. But then the question I wanted to ask you is your decision to share this with the community of oncologists, the people you knew very well because they had looked after your mother for all those years. Tell me a little bit about that. How did you make the decision not only to write it, but to share it? Dr. Leeat Granek: That's a great question. This also pertains to the research that I do, because a lot of the research I was doing at the time, as a result of my experiences with cancer teams as a child, looked at the emotional impact of being an oncologist. I did a series of studies looking at the way oncologists grieve and how they feel when patients die, some of the emotional burdens of the work. And they were very vulnerable in sharing their experiences. And so I thought, well, they're telling me about their experiences, I can also tell them about mine. And I think that there's kind of a mythology around oncologists. I'm doing studies now on surgeons as well, and I think there's the same mythology around surgeons is that they don't feel or everything is compartmentalized and everything's separate.  But from my research, I knew that that wasn't the case. And I felt that, although oncologists and oncology teams and nurses as well, witness patient suffering and family suffering, that there was nothing in the literature that kind of brought it home in this very visceral way. I don't think it would have been a surprise for any oncologist reading it, because when you follow families or when you follow parents, you see the children coming in. And so there was something about this intersection of their vulnerability and my vulnerability, enriching the experience of what it means to be a patient, and what does it mean to be a healthcare provider, which is not something that's often discussed in medicine at all. Dr. Lidia Schapira: So to your point, I think that telling the story was a beautiful sort of vehicle for opening up the topic. You were doing it through your research. But telling a story can often start a conversation in a very different way. That's what we try to do also in selecting these essays for Art of Oncology, to bring a story that's deeply personal, that reflects one's lived experience, but opens up a topic that is otherwise perhaps not talked about as much as we think it should. So let me go back and ask, what was the impact of telling the story on your research?  Dr. Leeat Granek: I just want to add something about what you just said about stories. The very first paper that I published on oncologist experiences of grief, I wrote an op-ed for the New York Times about that research. And it was very story-based. It was very much telling a story, and I was telling my own story as well as a story about the research. And the response to that op-ed was so profound and so much more powerful than any paper I had ever published. I got thousands of emails from people around the world, oncologists and healthcare providers around the world, just saying how touched and how moved they were by that op-ed. And that is the power of the story that you're talking about right now, that we're vying for these peer-reviewed articles all the time. But actually, the impact of just telling a story is so much more meaningful and visceral for the reader than just outlining the research findings. Dr. Lidia Schapira: And it sounds like just receiving all of those emails after your op-ed was probably very validating. We can get rejected when we apply for grants, but people were telling you what you're onto is really significant.   Dr. Leeat Granek: Yeah. And I think that validating in the sense that what I felt was that as you, exactly the words you just used, that it was a conversation that was not being had to the detriment of all. And so it validated that feeling of, yeah, this is something that's really important for us to be talking about in oncology. And just in terms of the response to "The Heritability of Cancer," it was a long time ago. This is 2014, so 10 years ago. I don't remember entirely what are the specific things that people said, but I do remember getting a lot of emails about it, mostly from healthcare providers, so less from caregivers or patients who may not have subscriptions to JCO, but maybe through the podcast now will have more access. Just saying this really shed some light as to the experience of what does it mean for the extended family that I think is not often considered. Certainly, we don't think about kids very often when a parent is going through cancer. Dr. Lidia Schapira: If you were to write this today, what would you do differently? Dr. Leeat Granek: I think what's changed for me– I don't think I would do anything differently, but what I think has changed is that I've had a child since I written that. Having a seven-year-old and thinking about what it's like to be going through a cancer diagnosis or cancer treatment while you have children. That piece was very centered on me and my experiences, and now I have even another layer of empathy and compassion for my mom, who had a newborn at the time. And I can just not imagine anything more– it's going to make me cry just even now just by thinking about it - it's just scary to have such a life-threatening diagnosis when you're a parent. Just like grief, like I said earlier, being a victim of cancer or being part of your family, that impact is lifelong and it changes as your development changes. Now as a parent, my grief is different than it was before I became a parent. And now as a parent, my understanding of what my mother was going through is changed. That terror and fear is so overwhelming. Dr. Lidia Schapira: So, Leeat, I can't help myself, but I need to ask you some practical questions. You're a psycho-oncologist, an expert in grief, and you've talked to and interviewed hundreds of oncologists who have shared stories, you're now a parent, you've lived through it. What it makes me think is that when we think about grief counseling or support for grieving children or bereaved spouses or parents, you think about it as an acute intervention and what you're suggesting is this needs to be explored throughout the life cycle. What are your thoughts about that and what should we be thinking about? Dr. Leeat Granek: I've written a lot about this in my grief work. The evidence for psychological counseling for grief is not strong actually when we look at the literature. For acute grief experiences in the immediate aftermath, sometimes it's helpful having someone to talk to. But in actuality, the most helpful is having a community in which grief is an open, accepted, acknowledged, part of living life. And that does not change after the first month or the first six months or the year, five years or ten years.   Other people may have moved on very quickly, but you're left with the impact of that loss. And I think the impact of that loss is not only after, when the person has died, it's also that progressive loss of function. The kind of witnessing of your loved one deteriorating. It's not just meals that you need, you also need that emotional support. And that emotional support doesn't necessarily have to take the form of, “Tell me about your grieving right now.” Sometimes it's just being with. And I think that certainly in North America, we're not very good at integrating grief, loss, pain, suffering, and negative emotions into our day to day lives. So partly, 10 years, 20 years, or 25 years later, it's hard for people to remember that loss.  So I think the person is grieving that many years after may have to reach out and ask for the support. But I think it's done really well in certain religions. I am Jewish and in the Jewish background, you have so many layers of mourning that's lifelong. So you have the acute grieving experience where it's seven days or 30 days or one year. And then every year progressively after that four times a year, you say a blessing and remembrance and give charity in the name of the dead. And for religious people, I'm not religious, this idea of every single day for that first year having to go synagogue and having to have at least nine other people that could be there with you to say the prayer for the dead, whether you believe or not believe, whether you're religious or not, I think the brilliance in those kinds of rituals is that it simply brings you together with other people who see you everyday.  And decades later, still that four times a year that you're meeting with people and you're saying a prayer, or that yearly yahrzeit, that memorial allows people a very very defined space in which to support the mourner. And I think other religions have it too.    Dr. Lidia Schapira: Those are beautiful thoughts, and I think it speaks to connection and community as a way of supporting rather than pathologizing the grief and thinking what one needs is some sort of a professional intervention. I can't help but add that as a community of caring oncologists, we are constantly grieving. We are immersed in grief, and in part, there is no label for how we feel. There is a small literature that you probably know far better than I do on disenfranchised grief, which is the idea that we can't quite claim to grieve because we weren't a relative or best friend, but we deeply cared and we lost and we grieve. So I find that this conversation is so helpful because I think what we're doing is we're talking about what we ought to be talking about more: perhaps acknowledging more from a point of view, as you say, of a parent, researcher, caregiver, medical or healthcare professional who's involved. We are living in a society where perhaps we are afraid to think that grief is a part of our life, and we can be happy even if we grieve. Dr. Leeat Granek: Yeah.  Dr. Lidia Schapira: Happiness is not just the absence of sadness, I think, I don't know. You are the psycho-oncologist, tell me if I'm wrong. Dr. Leeat Granek: I so appreciate what you're saying and it makes me sad to hear that grief is still so stigmatized among oncologists. I think what my research has found and all my conversations with people over the decades now is, of course, oncologists feel a lot of things. Not just grief but pain and suffering, distress at seeing their patients and their families suffering and declining. Why wouldn't they? They are human beings. So I think this idea that people don't feel or don't have space to feel is part of what leads to burn out actually. I think there's a kind of fear that grief and the pain and suffering is the burn out but it's not. In fact, what's the burn out is the inability to talk about or to have a space to discuss it. And I also think that the thing that gives meaning to the work is that relationship with patients.  And by the way, I'm finding that with the surgeons as well. The surgeons are even more kind of disconnected in terms of emotions. We kind of assume that they feel nothing, that they are so disconnected. By the way, I just have to say, the surgeons say, “I can't believe the oncologists does that job.” They find it really hard to believe that oncologists can do that, that they can never do that job. And the oncologists say that about the surgeons, too. So I think it's very interesting how different medical groups look at each other.  But there's this kind of sense that's very unique about the grieving experience of how care providers is and they feel a lot of guilt and a lot of self doubt, and self criticism when patients die even though they know consciously that there's nothing that they could've done and that is just the disease that is taking over. That lack of control and that sense of having failed the patient is so strong. That is a very unique grieving experience for providers who feel responsible for the care of their patients. The fact that there is no training or no education or no space to talk about that is just appalling to me as a psychologist. Because I just think you learn how to do everything else. There's so much training on communicating bad news, on dealing with patient anger, on dealing with patient emotions and how to respond. But nothing on how to deal with your own emotions in response to this. For years, it's just about communications training.  One of the things we find in the literature is that even when you provide communication training to oncologists that have to discuss end of life, often those skills are not sufficient to be able to have that conversation. And what's missing is the notion that I found in my own research that they don't have this conversation because they feel so uncomfortable with it themselves. And so until they have some self reflective practice for healthcare providers, all the skills training in the world is not going to help because it's about your own emotional resistance.  Dr. Lidia Schapira: Well, this has been a phenomenal conversation, and I hope people will look at some of the beautiful research you've done in this field. Thank you so much for having shared your own experience, for the work you do, and for participating in today's podcast.  Dr. Leeat Granek: Thank you so much. I really enjoyed it. Dr. Lidia Schapira: So until next time, thank you for listening to JCO's Cancer Stories: The Art of Oncology. Don't forget to give us a rating or review, and be sure to subscribe so you never miss an episode. You can find all of the ASCO shows at asco.org/podcasts.   The purpose of this podcast is to educate and inform. This is not a substitute for professional medical care and is not intended for use in the diagnosis or treatment of individual conditions.   Guests on this podcast express their own opinions, experiences, and conclusions. Guest statements on the podcast do not express the opinions of ASCO. The mention of any product, service, organization, activity, or therapy should not be construed as an ASCO endorsement.   Show Notes: Like, share and subscribe so you never miss an episode and leave a rating or review.  New York Times Op-Ed: When Doctors Give Two Decades of Art of Oncology Guest Bio:  Dr. Leeat Granek is an Associate Professor at York University in Toronto, Canada, in the School of Social Policy and Health Management.  

Famous schizophrenia researcher E. Fuller Torrey recently wrote a paper trying to cast doubt on whether schizophrenia is really genetic. His exact argument is complicated, but I feel like it sort of equivocates between “the studies showing that schizophrenia are genetic are wrong” and “the studies are right, but in a philosophical sense we shouldn't describe it as ‘mostly genetic'”. Awais Aftab makes a clearer version of the philosophical argument. He's not especially interested in debating the studies. But he says that even if the studies are right and schizophrenia is 80% heritable, we shouldn't call it a genetic disease. He says: Heritability is “biologically vacuous” (Matthews & Turkheimer, 2022), and I think we would be better off if more of us hesitated to assert that schizophrenia is a “genetic disorder” based predominantly on heritability estimates. I think about questions like these through the lens of avoiding isolated demands for rigor. There are always complicated ways that any statement is false. So the question is never whether a statement is perfectly true in every sense. It's what happens when we treat it fairly, using the same normal criteria we use for everything else. https://www.astralcodexten.com/p/its-fair-to-describe-schizophrenia 

Vidcast:  https://www.instagram.com/p/C3GaGppLUoW/ Two-thirds of your susceptibility to the CoVid virus is controlled by your genetic makeup while one-third is determined by environmental factors.   This the conclusion of a study by Columbia University biostatisticians following their study of 12, 764 patients with positive or negative CoVid PCR tests. Their data demonstrated that, at the onset of the CoVid pandemic in 2020, environmental factors appeared to correlate with both the incidence and the severity of CoVid infections in about 57% of cases.  Heritability only explained about 43% of cases. Such environmental factors include sick household members, community levels of disease, and measures taken to avoid disease spread including masking, social distancing, and quarantine.  By the end of 2021, heritability-genetic factors had become 1.5-times more important as environmental issues became less important with the advent of vaccine and infection-driven immunity. Having reported these relationships, the researchers do point out that little is known to date about the actual genetics of CoVid infectibility.  One gene link association that is documented is that of CoVid susceptibility and ABO blood groups.  Those having type 0 blood groups are nearly 30% less likely to develop infection while those having type A blood groups were more than 30% more likely to develop infections.   https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-023-44250-7 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7834371/ #CoVid #genetics #environmental #vaccination #masking #distancing

In this episode, my guest is Dr. Karen Parker, Ph.D., professor of psychiatry and director of the Social Neurosciences Research Program at Stanford University School of Medicine. We discuss the biology of social connections and bonding in babies, children and adults. Dr. Parker explains our current understanding of autism and autism spectrum disorders: what they are, why the incidence of autism has increased so dramatically in recent years and both the current and emerging treatments for autism. We also discuss the condition formerly called “Asperger's.” This episode is highly relevant for anyone interested in child and human development, how social bonds and communication form, and those curious about autism and other spectrum conditions. For show notes, including referenced articles and additional resources, please visit hubermanlab.com. Thank you to our sponsors AG1: https://drinkag1.com/huberman Eight Sleep: https://eightsleep.com/huberman LMNT: https://drinklmnt.com/huberman AeroPress: https://aeropress.com/huberman InsideTracker: https://insidetracker.com/huberman Momentous: https://livemomentous.com/huberman Timestamps (00:00:00) Dr. Karen Parker (00:01:30) Sponsors: Eight Sleep, LMNT & AeroPress (00:06:25) Autism, Frequency, Diagnosis (00:10:41) Early Interventions; Heritability & Autistic Traits (00:13:00) Autistic Spectrums; Studying Autism (00:21:29) Environment, Risk Factors & In Utero Development (00:29:55) Sponsor: AG1 (00:31:26) Oxytocin, Vasopressin, Social Behavior & Parent-Child Bonding (00:43:240 Oxytocin in Humans; Social Features of Autism, Intranasal Oxytocin (00:54:14) Sponsor: InsideTracker (00:55:16) Oxytocin & Autism; Benefit & Risks (01:06:30) Neuroplasticity & Autism; Early Intervention; Challenges of Early Diagnosis (01:14:30) MDMA & Autism (01:17:05) Vasopressin, Social Interaction; Voles & Parenthood (01:27:07) Human Social Connection, Oxytocin Levels & Autism (01:33:45) Primate Model of Social Impairment (01:42:47) Preclinical Animal Models, Mouse & Primates (01:47:11) Primates, Biomarkers & Social Connection; Vasopressin (01:52:20) Vasopressin Levels & Autism, Children & In Utero (02:03:06) Cerebral Spinal Fluid (CSF) & Vasopressin; Urination; Alternative Therapies (02:10:32) Intranasal Vasopressin, Children, Autism & Social Responsiveness (02:19:15) Vasopressin & Social Connection, Mechanism & Future Studies (02:26:35) Gut Microbiome & Vasopressin; Scientific Funding (02:34:52) Vasopressin Pathways, Social Behavior, Autism (02:43:00) Vaccine Theory & Autism; Immunology (02:54:06) Zero-Cost Support, Spotify & Apple Reviews, Sponsors, YouTube Feedback, Momentous, Social Media, Neural Network Newsletter Disclaimer

Dr Alex Mehr (IG: @doctoralex ) is an Iranian born entrepreneur who emigrated to the US. He has a in Phd in engineering and was previously an engineer at NASA. Dr Mehr is the creator of Zoosk and Mentorbox and is currently working on Deal.AI.  ———————————————————— Ready to build a network of amazing women and high-status men? Michael's Men of Action is a one-on-one Master's program that teaches men how to create elite  social lives by becoming higher status. Click this link to learn how you can have a High-Status lifestyle now: https://m.moamentoring.com/podcast Click here to join the Men of Action community and watch the High-Status Networking 101 course: https://m.moamentoring.com/moa-community Interested in joining the Men of Action sales team? Apply here: https://www.moamentoring.com/jobs/sales Men of Action has an affiliate program! Post pre-made content and get paid passively: https://www.moamentoring.com/affiliate ———————————————————— 0:00 Intro 0:39 Immigrating from Iran 1:39 PhD in Engineering 2:03 Working for NASA 2:36 **Physicists are good at modeling 4:14 The application process to work at NASA 4:57 From NASA to entrepreneur 6:11 ***Online dating software 9:25 **Selling the company for $258 million 12:01 How to automate your role in the business 13:40 Meeting Tai Lopez 15:02 The idea for MentorBox 17:33 ***How to price your products 24:24 ***Recurring programs 27:03 Giving away free software 29:15 ***Using AI 35:50 Being assimilated into the country 37:50 ***Online dating 43:50 “Great ideas shine” 45::45 The depth and breadth argument 49:47 ***What makes a good funnel? 54:16 Affiliates 56:30 Give away value before selling 57:53 ***The amount of hate you get is proportional to the money you make 1:02:20 Narcissism goes down as you age 1:03:25 Exposing psychopaths 1:06:13 **Firing 1% of your customers 1:07:56 Heritability of intelligence 1:08:37 ***Evolutionary psychology as a hard science 1:16:25 Reading 1:18:03 Becoming addicted to self-help 1:19:53 Skimming books 1:21:00 ***College education vs courses 1:24:29 Objection removal for sales teams 1:29:34 Money doesn't buy happiness but it eliminates bullshit 1:30:14 Not being a try-hard 1:30:54 Things coming up in the future 1:31:09 Social media

Discussion of ADHD is EVERYWHERE in the news and social media. Often we hear patients, friends, and family members stating “I saw a post on FB/Instagram/Twitter/TikTok about ADHD that resonated with me, should I get tested?” While many people experience periods of inattention, unfocused motor activity, and impulsivity, those with ADHD experience these symptoms to a much greater degree, and these behaviors can often interfere with their social lives, working lives, and general mental health. Depending on your age and many other social factors, screening and evaluation for ADHD may have passed you over during your young, formative years. Thankfully, meaningful research exists to provide helpful data on how to diagnose and manage this condition!So let's learn more, shall we? Thankfully we have a wonderful expert guest in the field of Neuropsychology to educate us today. Welcome, Leslie Guidotti Breting, Ph.D., ABPPDr. Leslie Guidotti Breting is a board-certified, clinical neuropsychologist and director of Neuropsychology at NorthShore University Health System where she has practiced since 2010. She serves at a national level on the Board of Directors for the American Board of Clinical Neuropsychology and is the Chair of the Student Affairs Committee for the American Academy of Clinical Neuropsychology. She has been engaged in clinical research, publishing extensively on the topics of ADHD, epilepsy, mTBI, and concussion. She conducts neuropsychological evaluations for adults, including those concerned about ADHD. She has also evaluated professional and collegiate athletes for therapeutic use exemption for stimulants related to treatment for ADHD.The key moments in this episode include:00:01:15 - Prevalence of ADHD, 00:02:39 - Increase in ADHD Diagnosis Rates? 00:05:07 - What is a Neuropsychologist? 00:16:20 - Genetics and Heritability of ADHD 00:17:22 - Screening for ADHD 00:19:08 - Overdiagnosis of ADHD? 00:21:45 - Diagnosing ADHD in Young Children 00:23:17 - Challenges in Diagnosing ADHD 00:31:26 - ADHD and Autism Spectrum Disorder Co-Occurrence 00:32:10 - Symptoms of ADHD in Adults00:35:23 - Pathophysiology of ADHD 00:36:50 - Executive Functioning and ADHD00:49:19 - Medication and Treatment Options00:58:16 - "Growing out" of ADHD 01:02:29 - Algorithm of Probability for ADHD Diagnosis - new research01:03:03 - No Blood TestsRESOURCES FOR TODAY'S EPISODE:CHADD- Children and Adults with ADHD website.American Academy of Child and Adult Psychiatry ADHD Resource Center. Find a board-certified Clinical Neuropsychologist through the American Academy of Clinical Neuropsychology website.Dr. Leslie Guidotti-Breting's professional NorthShore University page. For more episodes, limited edition merch, or to become a Friend of Your Doctor Friends (and more), follow this link! This includes the famous "Advice from the last generation of doctors that inhaled lead" shirt that Julie wears in this episode :)Also, CHECK OUT AMAZING HEALTH PODCASTS on

In this episode, my guest is Dr. David Linden, Ph.D., professor of neuroscience at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and the author of many popular books about the brain. We discuss individual differences between people — focusing on differences in how people sense the world around them and the roles that chance, heredity, and life experiences (even in utero) play in determining our physical and cognitive traits. We discuss the bidirectional connection between the mind and body and how our thoughts and mental practices (e.g., meditation and breathwork) impact our health. We also discuss the link between inflammation and depression. We also discuss Dr. Linden's terminal illness diagnosis, his mindset during chemotherapy and what his diagnosis has taught him about the mind, gratitude, time perception and life. This episode also covers sensual touch, cerebellar function, and epigenetic inheritance and ought to be of interest to all interested in neuroscience, genetics, psychology and human development.  For the full show notes, including articles, books, and other resources, visit hubermanlab.com. Take our survey and get 2 months of Huberman Lab Premium Thank you to our sponsors AG1: https://drinkag1.com/huberman ROKA: https://roka.com/huberman Levels: https://levels.link/huberman InsideTracker: https://insidetracker.com/huberman Supplements from Momentous https://www.livemomentous.com/huberman Timestamps (00:00:00) David Linden (00:03:59) Sponsors: ROKA & Levels; Huberman Lab Survey (00:07:54) Sensory Touch & Genitals, Krause Corpuscles (00:16:46) Sexual Experiences & Sensation (00:19:14) Human Individuality & Variation; Senses & Odor Detection (00:30:25) Sponsor: AG1 (00:31:22) Visual Individuality; Heat Tolerance; Early Life Experiences & Variation (00:40:28) Auditory Variability, Perfect Pitch (00:42:08) Heritability & Human Individuality: Cognitive & Physical Traits (00:49:36) Heritability, Environment, Personality; Twin Studies (01:00:12) Sponsor: InsideTracker (01:01:19) Development, Chance; Transgenerational Epigenetic Inheritance (01:07:37) Single Generation Epigenetic Inheritance & Stress; Autism (01:15:52) Sleep Paralysis; Cerebellum, Prediction (01:23:47) Nature vs. Nature, Experience; Linden Hypothesis (01:30:37) Mind-Body Interaction; Chemical Signals (01:39:10) Inflammation & Depression (01:43:35) Neuroplasticity, Inflammation & Mental Disorders; Microglial Cells, Exercise  (01:52:15) Fads & Science (01:55:16) Mind-Body Communication; Cancer  (02:03:28) Mind-Body, Mediation, Breathwork (02:07:30) Atrial Fibrillation, Synovial Sarcoma, Heart  (02:14:22) Gratitude & Anger; Chemotherapy, Curiosity & Time Perception (02:19:58) Death, Brain & Future Prediction, Religion & Afterlife (02:24:15) Life Advice; Time Perception & Gratitude (02:34:35) Zero-Cost Support, YouTube Feedback, Spotify & Apple Reviews, Sponsors, Momentous, Social Media, Neural Network Newsletter Title Card Photo Credit: Mike Blabac Disclaimer

Calling all relentless go-getters, ambitious overachievers, and self-proclaimed perfectionists! If you've ever found yourself striving for the unattainable, scrutinizing every detail, and battling your inner critic, then this episode is your compass to navigate the tumultuous seas of perfectionism.In this episode, Dr. Stephanie sits down with Dr. Thomas Curran, a distinguished psychology professor at the London School of Economics and the mastermind behind a trailblazing study heralded by the BBC as the first to unravel perfectionism across generations. Brace yourself for an enlightening conversation as Dr. Curran, the author of "The Perfection Trap," imparts his profound insights to liberate you from the shackles of your own expectations.Watch on YouTube at https://youtu.be/5OomVrOhdmALinks for this episode:Website: https://www.thomascurran.co.ukThe Perfection Trap: Embracing the Power of Good Enough https://amzn.to/3Oxv3BwTedTalk: Our dangerous obsession with perfectionism is getting worse https://www.ted.com/talks/thomas_curran_our_dangerous_obsession_with_perfectionism_is_getting_worse?language=enEasterlin Paradox: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Easterlin_paradoxEpisode Overview:0:00:41 The Culture of Perfectionism and its Impact0:08:16 The Susceptibility and Heritability of Perfectionism0:11:01 Society's celebration of work ethic and perfectionistic ideals0:13:43 The root of society's desire for perfection and the impact on individuals0:19:08 Formation of Perfectionism in Adolescence0:22:29 Perfectionism and Fear of Failure0:28:34 Embracing Being Average in a World of Excessive Achievement0:32:12 The Easterlin Paradox and the Relativity of Happiness0:36:02 The Link Between Economic Growth and Standard of Living0:39:18 Alternative Metrics for Success: Happiness and Well-being0:43:52 Embracing Death: A Cultural Perspective on Happiness0:44:30 Embracing the Light and Shadow Sides of Ourselves0:48:02 Challenging Perfectionism and Showing Vulnerability0:50:35 Acceptance of Self and the Imperfect World0:53:35 The Lie of Perfectionism0:58:31 Moderation in Growth Mindset for a Balanced Life1:00:28 Legal and Medical Disclaimer: General Information OnlyWe'd like to thank our sponsors:Begin your transformation with CAROL Bike today and enjoy $100 off using promo code BETTER at www.carolbike.com

Brian Boutwell is a professor of criminal justice at the University of Mississippi who specializes in “quantitative genetics, with a focus on environmental and psychological risk factors for antisocial and violent behavior.” He has a TED talk, numerous articles in Quillette, and has been published in many journals. Here we discuss his upcoming meta-analysis on twin studies soon to be published in Nature. We discuss the following two articles: Behavioural genetic methods by Willoughby, Polderman, and Boutwell in Nature. Meta-analysis of the heritability of human traits based on fify years of twin studies by Polderman, etc. in Nature. --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/four-strands/message Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/four-strands/support

Já aconteceu de você, de alguma forma, se reconhecer na pessoa pela qual sente atração? E, ao mesmo tempo, o inverso? Como se fossem opostos um do outro? Afinal, a gente sente atração por pessoas parecidas com a gente?Confira o papo entre o leigo curioso, Ken Fujioka, e o cientista PhD, Altay de Souza.> OUÇA (52min 57s)*Naruhodo! é o podcast pra quem tem fome de aprender. Ciência, senso comum, curiosidades, desafios e muito mais. Com o leigo curioso, Ken Fujioka, e o cientista PhD, Altay de Souza.Edição: Reginaldo Cursino.http://naruhodo.b9.com.br*PARCERIA: ALURAAprofunde-se de vez: garantimos conhecimento com profundidade e diversidade, para se tornar um profissional em T - incluindo programação, front-end, data science, devops, ux & design, mobile, inovação & gestão.Navegue sua carreira: são mais de 1300 cursos e novos lançamentos toda semana, além de atualizações e melhorias constantes.Conteúdo imersivo: faça parte de uma comunidade de apaixonados por tudo que é digital. Mergulhe na comunidade Alura.Aproveite o desconto para ouvintes Naruhodo no link:https://alura.tv/naruhodo*REFERÊNCIASIs Spousal Similarity for Personality A Matter of Convergence or Selection?https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2992433/Westermarck, Freud, and the Incest Taboo: Does Familial Resemblance Activate Sexual Attraction?https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0146167210377180Mate choice and friendship in twins: evidence for genetic similarityhttps://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16008789/Exposure effects in the classroom: The development of affinity among studentshttps://www.researchgate.net/publication/222608863_Exposure_effects_in_the_classroom_The_development_of_affinity_among_studentsCase Closed: Famous Royals Suffered From Hemophiliahttps://www.science.org/content/article/case-closed-famous-royals-suffered-hemophiliaAssortative mating for human height: A meta-analysishttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/ajhb.22917Genetic evidence of assortative mating in humanshttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41562-016-0016Assortative mating and the evolution of desirability covariationhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1090513818303155?casa_token=iupDIP5wffsAAAAA:H8_D7vetN1WlFGCgcj3Wqt0vdhIeq7C_CVAmj-NkC-SviGDeXLt1Wnp9rdneIsosoCJbWRpgjfMEstimates of the Heritability of Human Longevity Are Substantially Inflated due to Assortative Matinghttps://academic.oup.com/genetics/article/210/3/1109/5931081Genetic footprints of assortative mating in the Japanese populationhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41562-022-01438-zThe mechanism of assortative mating for educational attainment: a study of Finnish and Dutch twins and their spouseshttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fgene.2023.1150697/fullA model for co-occurrent assortative mating and vertical cultural transmission and its impact on measures of genetic associationshttps://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.08.536101v1.abstractGenetic similarity between relatives provides evidence on the presence and history of assortative matinghttps://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.27.546663v1.abstractInvestigating assortative mating processes inside Internet-dating-service settingshttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/JSM-09-2021-0331/full/html?casa_token=ha9PcauZs-4AAAAA:BbKm_eIi0FthFxSqgClZyecQPukUVQ1w-aomg_ctrdKvwmJlQoRBz6uoI4obnqSVsdu_IoleSYNdjQjDrFZBp05jeTsMd3EvOxAWj5tZDFbXEUjwDd_JTrends in Assortative Mating and Offspring Outcomeshttps://academic.oup.com/ej/article/133/651/928/6726629Children of immigrants: Racial assortative mating and the transition to adulthoodhttps://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00324728.2023.2174268?casa_token=_6c0VLt6i24AAAAA%3A1btONtZSC8Gmq01OU8rZH2KUujb4_FIIEeG9xY_BYdz-esX2CyPI_ICvAonmge6hEMItL4whfdqZKAEvidence for odour-mediated assortative mating in humans: The impact of hormonal contraception and artificial fragrancehttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0031938418311995?casa_token=fh3zL6YQhdcAAAAA:aOO2Rkx_gNb1an8Je1ZkIedxV_WuSp4kQmliwJqE7QhoThMAfbLeyWqywoef-STFLCTIt-VOCrQAssortative mating and the evolution of desirability covariationhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1090513818303155?casa_token=DOWrg6L4tdQAAAAA:bBq-JnDZ2BA6BQ_Tb1qAtq9sHNdHO_eFdTNfOgRcUTkwsiuf0ut7N-5M0L2N9YGhs33wLGhqMMwPreference for Facial Self-Resemblance and Attractiveness in Human Mate Choicehttps://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10508-010-9723-zAssortative Mating in Man: A Cooperative Studyhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/2331510?origin=crossrefTrends and Variation in Assortative Mating: Causes and Consequenceshttps://www.annualreviews.org/doi/10.1146/annurev-soc-071312-145544Ernesto Rene Sang - Estilos de apego e etniahttps://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/47/47132/tde-09122009-090950/publico/TeseSANG.pdf ilha das flores completohttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hh6ra-18mY8Why men and boys are struggling | Richard Reeveshttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xmw_1wfUmFsNaruhodo #75 - Cada pessoa tem um cheiro diferente?https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=whOteWgc5OoNaruhodo #382 - Quem ama o feio bonito lhe parece?https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xI_DO_epNMgNaruhodo #70 - Existe amor à primeira vista?https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=76pd3mDwg0gNaruhodo #92 - Como funciona a "química" entre duas pessoas?https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EtB7qEoNrIUNaruhodo #289 - Ficamos parecidos com nossos pais quando envelhecemos?https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3U1fq9CSak0Naruhodo #178 - O que é ser normal?https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UY-AEqU59xY*APOIE O NARUHODO PELA PLATAFORMA ORELO!Um aviso importantíssimo: o podcast Naruhodo agora está no Orelo: https://bit.ly/naruhodo-no-oreloE é por meio dessa plataforma de apoio aos criadores de conteúdo que você ajuda o Naruhodo a se manter no ar.Você escolhe um valor de contribuição mensal e tem acesso a conteúdos exclusivos, conteúdos antecipados e vantagens especiais.Além disso, você pode ter acesso ao nosso grupo fechado no Telegram, e conversar comigo, com o Altay e com outros apoiadores.E não é só isso: toda vez que você ouvir ou fizer download de um episódio pelo Orelo, vai também estar pingando uns trocadinhos para o nosso projeto.Então, baixe agora mesmo o app Orelo no endereço Orelo.CC ou na sua loja de aplicativos e ajude a fortalecer o conhecimento científico.https://bit.ly/naruhodo-no-orelo

Paul and David step away from the study of psychological universals to discuss the ways in which we are different from one another. What is our best theory of personality? How is personality assessed? Do personality tests predict behavior? What does it mean to be intelligent? Do IQ tests measure anything important? What sorts of things does IQ predict? Are there multiple intelligences? Finally we dip our toes into behavioral genetics. What is heritability? How heritable are psychological traits? Finally, can parents really shape the personality or IQ of their children? Read the book that inspired the podcast: "Psych: The Story of the Human Mind (https://amzn.to/3YoZDAa)" [amazon.com] Email us with your psychology questions for a future episode!: askpsychpod@gmail.com

Gavin Douglas and colleagues published a paper assessing microbiome research and assertions that the human microbiome explains missing heritability in nature. He discusses this issue and explains What are classic ways of understanding genetic variation in humans and how recently microbiome research has entered this understanding, What the holobiont model is and how it involves claims regarding the microbiome and missing heritability in nature, and How their paper views the microbiome as more of potential element in genetic variation in humans and necessitates more consideration regarding how to integrate it outside of the strict, holobiont model. Gavin Douglas is a PhD Candidate in the Langille Lab in the Deptartment of Microbiology and Immunology at Dalhousie University. His background is in human genetics and he has just published an intriguing paper called “Re-evaluating the relationship between missing heritability and the microbiome” in the journal Microbiome. He helps listeners understand the basics regarding the issue by explaining heritability as the proportion of variation in a phenotype in a given population explained by genetic variance. He offers more background to this standard and then explains the “case of the missing heritability,” which basically indicates the variation that isn't explained.  Several hypotheses have emerged to explain this missing heritability, several of which are tied to the human microbiome. He describes how, for example, a holobiont model of a human organism puts forward a hologenome—a combined genome that includes the microbiome and might capture the missing heritability. The article discusses this theory and points out ways it doesn't quite fit. For example, the holobiont doesn't present a combined evolutionary unit that transmits over generations. But he does think the microbiome plays a role in this mystery. He explains how and why and different ways scientists use these ideas.  For more, follow him on twitter as @gavin_m_douglas and read the open-access paper here: Re-evaluating the relationship between missing heritability and the microbiome. Available on Apple Podcasts: apple.co/2Os0myK

Welcome to The Nonlinear Library, where we use Text-to-Speech software to convert the best writing from the Rationalist and EA communities into audio. This is: Heritability, Behaviorism, and Within-Lifetime RL, published by Steven Byrnes on February 2, 2023 on LessWrong. I'm a firm subscriber to both: (A) The theory that people's personalities are significantly predictable from their genes, and mostly independent of how their parents raised them (at least within the typical distribution, i.e. leaving aside cases of flagrant abuse and neglect etc.). See e.g. popular expositions of this theory by Judith Harris or by Bryan Caplan for the fine print. (B) The theory that we should think of people's beliefs and goals and preferences developing via within-lifetime learning, and more specifically via within-lifetime Model-based Reinforcement Learning (details), with randomly-initialized (“learning-from-scratch”) world-model and value function. I feel like there's an idea in the air that these two beliefs are contradictory. For example, one time someone politely informed me that (A) is true and therefore obviously (B) must be false. Needless to say, I don't think they're contradictory. Indeed, I think that (B) naturally implies (A). But I admit that they sorta feel contradictory. Why do they feel that way? I think because: (A) is sorta vaguely affiliated with cognitive science, evolutionary psychology, etc. (B) is sorta vaguely affiliated with B.F. Skinner-style behaviorism, .and those two schools-of-thought are generally considered to be bitter enemies. In this short post I want to explain why we should put aside that baggage and see (A) & (B) as natural allies. Two dubious steps to get from (B) to Behaviorism Here's the fleshed-out argument as I see it: I'll go through the two dubious steps in the opposite order. Dubious step #1: “No more learning / unlearning after the kid grows up” Here are two stories: “RL with continuous learning” story: The person has an internal reward function in their head, and over time they'll settle into the patterns of thought & behavior that best tickle their internal reward function. If they spend a lot of time in the presence of their parents, they'll gradually learn patterns of thought & behavior that best tickle their innate internal reward function in the presence of their parents. If they spend a lot of time hanging out with friends, they'll gradually learn patterns of thought & behavior that best tickle their innate internal reward function when they're hanging out with friends. As adults in society, they'll gradually learn patterns of thought & behavior that best tickle their innate internal reward function as adults in society. “RL learn-then-get-stuck” story: The kid learns patterns of thoughts & behavior in childhood, and then sticks with those patterns for the rest of their lives no matter what. Claim: I think the “RL with continuous learning” story, not the “RL learn-then-get-stuck” story, is how we should generally be thinking about things. At least in humans. (Probably also in non-human animals, but that's off-topic.) I am not making a strong statement that the “RL learn-then-get-stuck” story is obviously and universally wrong and stupid nonsense. Indeed, I think there are edge cases where the “learn-then-get-stuck” story is true. For example, childhood phobias can sometimes persist into adulthood, and certainly childhood regional accents do. Some related discussion is at Scott Alexander's blog post “Trapped priors”. Instead, I think we should mainly believe the “RL with continuous learning” story for empirical reasons: Heritability studies: See top. More specifically, note that (IIRC) parenting style can have some effect on what a kid believes and how they behave while a child, but these effects fade out when the kid grows up. Culture shifts: Culture shifts are in fact possible, contrary to the “RL learn-then-get-stuck” story. For example, almost everybody in the USA opposed gay marria...

On today's ID the Future, Your Designed Body co-author and systems engineer Steve Laufmann continues his conversation with host and neurosurgeon Michael Egnor. In this episode, Laufmann reviews four causal factors involved in Darwin's theory of evolution, and explains why they lack the power to generate life's great variety of forms. To dive deeper into his argument, check out Laufmann's new book co-authored with physician Howard Glicksman. Source

Alexander Young is a researcher at the UCLA Anderson School of Management Genomics Department and School of Medicine's Human Genetics Department, working with the Social Science Genetic Association Consortium (SSGAC). He studies the genetics of cognitive ability and educational attainment, with a particular focus on developing methods to uncover true measures of heritability for important traits.Richard and Alexander talk about why siblings are so useful for this purpose, in the midst of a larger overview of the history of behavioral genetics and modern methods. Twin and adoption studies show much higher levels of heritability than genome wide association studies (GWAS). Why might this be the case? Different theories are discussed, along with ways to solve seeming discrepancies.The conversation goes on to cover the societal relevance of Alexander's work, and attempts to isolate research on genes and cognitive ability within the academy.Listen in podcast form or watch on YouTube:Links:* Alexander's Twitter account.* Alexander Young, “Solving the Missing Heritability Problem.”* Alexander Young and co-authors, “Deconstructing the Sources of Genotype-Phenotype Associations in Humans.”* James Lee, “Don't Even Go There.” Get full access to Center for the Study of Partisanship and Ideology at www.cspicenter.com/subscribe

If one of your family members has a mental illness, does that mean you're more likely to have it too? Can you inherit a mental illness from a parent? If your mom has, let's say, social anxiety disorder, and you do too, does that mean that she passed it down genetically or that because she didn't take you out much, and you watched her being nervous around other people- that you learned to be anxious around other people? In this podcast we're going to talk about heritability estimates- what the research has to tell us about how much genes contribute to mental health. You'll learn which disorders have the highest rates of heritability and how understanding this can help you make better choices. Looking for affordable online counseling? My sponsor, BetterHelp, connects you to a licensed professional from the comfort of your own home. Try it now for 10% off your first month: https://betterhelp.com/therapyinanutshell Learn more in one of my in-depth mental health courses: https://courses.therapyinanutshell.com/?utm_medium=YTDescription&utm_source=Podcast Support my mission on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/therapyinanutshell Sign up for my newsletter: https://www.therapyinanutshell.com?utm_medium=YTDescription&utm_source=Podcast Check out my favorite self-help books: https://kit.co/TherapyinaNutshell/best-self-help-books Therapy in a Nutshell and the information provided by Emma McAdam are solely intended for informational and entertainment purposes and are not a substitute for advice, diagnosis, or treatment regarding medical or mental health conditions. Although Emma McAdam is a licensed marriage and family therapist, the views expressed on this site or any related content should not be taken for medical or psychiatric advice. Always consult your physician before making any decisions related to your physical or mental health. In therapy I use a combination of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, Systems Theory, positive psychology, and a bio-psycho-social approach to treating mental illness and other challenges we all face in life. The ideas from my videos are frequently adapted from multiple sources. Many of them come from Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, especially the work of Steven Hayes, Jason Luoma, and Russ Harris. The sections on stress and the mind-body connection derive from the work of Stephen Porges (the Polyvagal theory), Peter Levine (Somatic Experiencing) Francine Shapiro (EMDR), and Bessel Van Der Kolk. I also rely heavily on the work of the Arbinger institute for my overall understanding of our ability to choose our life's direction. And deeper than all of that, the Gospel of Jesus Christ orients my personal worldview and sense of security, peace, hope, and love https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/comeuntochrist/believe If you are in crisis, please contact the National Suicide Prevention Hotline at https://suicidepreventionlifeline.org/ or 1-800-273-TALK (8255) or your local emergency services. Copyright Therapy in a Nutshell, LLC

Welcome to BCI Cattle Chat!  Please click on any links below to be taken to sources mentioned in the podcast. Keep an eye out for news regarding the podcast on Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram. 1:30 High Number of Cows Going to Market 6:15 Winter Pasture Management 14:12 Heritability & Accuracy: Impact on EPD Interpretation  … Continue reading Cows Going to Market, Winter Pasture Management, Heritability & Accuracy

------------------Support the channel------------ Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/thedissenter PayPal: paypal.me/thedissenter PayPal Subscription 1 Dollar: https://tinyurl.com/yb3acuuy PayPal Subscription 3 Dollars: https://tinyurl.com/ybn6bg9l PayPal Subscription 5 Dollars: https://tinyurl.com/ycmr9gpz PayPal Subscription 10 Dollars: https://tinyurl.com/y9r3fc9m PayPal Subscription 20 Dollars: https://tinyurl.com/y95uvkao ------------------Follow me on--------------------- Twitter: https://twitter.com/TheDissenterYT This show is sponsored by Enlites, Learning & Development done differently. Check the website here: http://enlites.com/ Dr. Ryutaro Uchiyama is a Research Fellow at Nanyang Technological University, Singapore. His research interests include cultural evolution, cognitive plasticity, and developmental psychobiology. In this episode, we talk about the cultural evolution of genetic heritability. Dr. Uchiyama explains the cultural psychobiological framework. We talk about aspects of behavior genetics that get reframed in this framework, like heritability, the environment, gene-environment interactions, and gene-environment correlations. We discuss issues with the generalizability of genetic effects across societies and across time, and predicting how heritability should differ between societies, between socioeconomic levels, and other groupings within the same society. We get into the specific example of IQ, and the Flynn effect. We also talk a bit about personality variation across societies, and limitations with the Big Five personality inventory. -- A HUGE THANK YOU TO MY PATRONS/SUPPORTERS: KARIN LIETZCKE, ANN BLANCHETTE, PER HELGE LARSEN, LAU GUERREIRO, JERRY MULLER, HANS FREDRIK SUNDE, BERNARDO SEIXAS, HERBERT GINTIS, RUTGER VOS, RICARDO VLADIMIRO, CRAIG HEALY, OLAF ALEX, PHILIP KURIAN, JONATHAN VISSER, JAKOB KLINKBY, ADAM KESSEL, MATTHEW WHITINGBIRD, ARNAUD WOLFF, TIM HOLLOSY, HENRIK AHLENIUS, JOHN CONNORS, PAULINA BARREN, FILIP FORS CONNOLLY, DAN DEMETRIOU, ROBERT WINDHAGER, RUI INACIO, ARTHUR KOH, ZOOP, MARCO NEVES, COLIN HOLBROOK, SUSAN PINKER, PABLO SANTURBANO, SIMON COLUMBUS, PHIL KAVANAGH, JORGE ESPINHA, CORY CLARK, MARK BLYTH, ROBERTO INGUANZO, MIKKEL STORMYR, ERIC NEURMANN, SAMUEL ANDREEFF, FRANCIS FORDE, TIAGO NUNES, BERNARD HUGUENEY, ALEXANDER DANNBAUER, FERGAL CUSSEN, YEVHEN BODRENKO, HAL HERZOG, NUNO MACHADO, DON ROSS, JONATHAN LEIBRANT, JOÃO LINHARES, OZLEM BULUT, NATHAN NGUYEN, STANTON T, SAMUEL CORREA, ERIK HAINES, MARK SMITH, J.W., JOÃO EIRA, TOM HUMMEL, SARDUS FRANCE, DAVID SLOAN WILSON, YACILA DEZA-ARAUJO, IDAN SOLON, ROMAIN ROCH, DMITRY GRIGORYEV, TOM ROTH, DIEGO LONDOÑO CORREA, YANICK PUNTER, ADANER USMANI, CHARLOTTE BLEASE, NICOLE BARBARO, ADAM HUNT, PAWEL OSTASZEWSKI, AL ORTIZ, NELLEKE BAK, KATHRINE AND PATRICK TOBIN, GUY MADISON, GARY G HELLMANN, SAIMA AFZAL, ADRIAN JAEGGI, NICK GOLDEN, PAULO TOLENTINO, JOÃO BARBOSA, JULIAN PRICE, EDWARD HALL, HEDIN BRØNNER, DOUGLAS P. FRY, FRANCA BORTOLOTTI, GABRIEL PONS CORTÈS, URSULA LITZCKE, DENISE COOK, SCOTT, ZACHARY FISH, TIM DUFFY, TRADERINNYC, TODD SHACKELFORD, AND SUNNY SMITH! A SPECIAL THANKS TO MY PRODUCERS, YZAR WEHBE, JIM FRANK, ŁUKASZ STAFINIAK, IAN GILLIGAN, LUIS CAYETANO, TOM VANEGDOM, CURTIS DIXON, BENEDIKT MUELLER, VEGA GIDEY, THOMAS TRUMBLE, AND NUNO ELDER! AND TO MY EXECUTIVE PRODUCERS, MICHAL RUSIECKI, ROSEY, JAMES PRATT, MATTHEW LAVENDER, SERGIU CODREANU, AND BOGDAN KANIVETS!

Welcome to The Nonlinear Library, where we use Text-to-Speech software to convert the best writing from the Rationalist and EA communities into audio. This is: The heritability of human values: A behavior genetic critique of Shard Theory, published by Geoffrey Miller on October 20, 2022 on The Effective Altruism Forum. Overview (TL;DR): Shard Theory is a new approach to understanding the formation of human values, which aims to help solve the problem of how to align advanced AI systems with human values (the ‘AI alignment problem'). Shard Theory has provoked a lot of interest and discussion on LessWrong, AI Alignment Forum, and EA Forum in recent months. However, Shard Theory incorporates a relatively Blank Slate view about the origins of human values that is empirically inconsistent with many studies in behavior genetics indicating that many human values show heritable genetic variation across individuals. I'll focus in this essay on the empirical claims of Shard Theory, the behavior genetic evidence that challenges those claims, and the implications for developing more accurate models of human values for AI alignment. Introduction: Shard Theory as an falsifiable theory of human values The goal of the ‘AI alignment' field is to help future Artificial Intelligence systems become better aligned with human values. Thus, to achieve AI alignment, we might need a good theory of human values. A new approach called “Shard Theory” aims to develop such a theory of how humans develop values. My goal in this essay is to assess whether Shard Theory offers an empirically accurate model of human value formation, given what we know from behavior genetics about the heritability of human values. The stakes here are high. If Shard Theory becomes influential in guiding further alignment research, but if its model of human values is not accurate, then Shard Theory may not help improve AI safety. These kinds of empirical problems are not limited to Shard Theory. Many proposals that I've seen for AI ‘alignment with human values' seem to ignore most of the research on human values in the behavioral and social sciences. I've tried to challenge this empirical neglect of value research in four previous essays for EA Forum, on the heterogeneity of value types in humans individuals, the diversity of values across individuals, the importance of body/corporeal values, and the importance of religious values. Note that this essay is a rough draft of some preliminary thoughts, and I welcome any feedback, comments, criticisms, and elaborations. In future essays I plan to critique Shard Theory from the perspectives of several other fields, such as evolutionary biology, animal behavior research, behaviorist learning theory, and evolutionary psychology. Background on Shard Theory Shard Theory has been developed mostly by Quintin Pope (a computer science Ph.D. student at Oregon State University) and Alex Turner (a post-doctoral researcher at the Center for Human-Compatible AI at UC Berkeley). Over the last few months, they posted a series of essays about Shard Theory on LessWrong.com, including this main essay here , ‘The shard theory of human values' (dated Sept 3, 2022), plus auxiliary essays such as: ‘Human values & biases are not accessible to the genome' (July 7, 2022), ‘Humans provide an untapped wealth of evidence about alignment' (July 13, 2022), ‘Reward is not the optimizer' (July 24, 2022), and ‘Evolution is a bad analogy for AGI: Inner alignment' (Aug 13, 2022). [This is not a complete list of their Shard Theory writings; it's just the set that seems most relevant to the critiques I'll make in this essay.] Also, David Udell published this useful summary: ‘Shard Theory: An overview' (Aug 10, 2022). There's a lot to like about Shard Theory. It takes seriously the potentially catastrophic risks from AI. It understands that ‘AI alignment with human values' requires some fairly well-developed notions about where human values come from, what they're for, a...

赵志磊，康奈尔大学神经生物学博士后蚊子有多烦人呢？试想夏日晚风，你躺在床上正要睡着，这时候传来“嗡～～～”，这恐怕是很多人的噩梦。它会嚣叫着飞到你身边，不经意地咬你一口，然后迅速躲闪。蚊子为什么这么爱咬人？为什么它们即使在黑夜里也能精准地识别到哪里有人？赵志磊研究了6年蚊子。他发现蚊子的大脑是靠气味区分人和其他动物的。那么人和动物的气味有什么不一样？蚊子如何分辨这些气味？世界上有3500多种蚊子， 专门咬人的蚊子其实不足10种，这些蚊子是怎么进化出对人类的“偏爱”呢？为什么有的人容易被蚊子咬？除此之外，蚊子还会传播病毒。新冠会通过蚊子传播吗？我们要不要消灭蚊子？一个没有蚊子的世界，真的会更好吗？赵志磊将带着他的研究为我们揭开这些问题的谜底。【时间轴】01:37不是所有蚊子都咬人03:59养蚊子和收集气味07:54人类的气味有什么秘密？10:12蚊子的大脑在想什么？给蚊子做开颅手术20:05为什么有的人特别招蚊子？21:20蚊子是慢慢进化成咬人专业户的24:18蚊子的存在有意义吗？【参考文献】[1] Zhao, Z., Zung, J.L., Hinze, A. et al. Mosquito brains encode unique features of human odour to drive host seeking. Nature (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-04675-4[2] Zhao Z, Tian D, McBride C S. Development of a pan-neuronal genetic driver in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes[J]. Cell reports methods, 2021, 1(3): 100042.[3] New York Post, http://www.statistica.com; [4] Fernández-Grandon G M, Gezan S A, Armour J A L, et al. Heritability of attractiveness to mosquitoes[J]. PloS one, 2015, 10(4): e0122716.[5] Prasadini M, Dayananda D, Fernando S, et al. Blood feeding preference of female Aedes aegypti mosquitoes for human blood group types and its impact on their fecundity: implications for vector control[J]. Am J Entomol, 2019, 3(2): 43-48.[6] Fukuda S, Fukuda Y, Ishitsuka M, et al. Determination of solar neutrino oscillation parameters using 1496 days of Super-Kamiokande-I data[J]. Physics Letters B, 2002, 539(3-4): 179-187.

Nick talks to genetics researcher & writer Razib Khan. Razib did graduate work in genetics at the University of California-Davis and recently founded a genomics data startup. He also runs a Substack, "Unsupervised Learning," where he writes a lot of fascinating articles on the subjects of human evolutionary & population genetics, personal genomics, and more. Nick and Razib discussed: how the story of human evolution has changed over the past two decades; genomics technology & ancient DNA; Neanderthals, Denisovans & ancient humans; personal genomics (e.g. 23AndMe, Ancestry.com); Razib's experience as a writer on Substack.SUPPORT M&M:Sign up for the free weekly Mind & Matter newsletter:[https://mindandmatter.substack.com/?sort=top]Learn how you can further support the podcast: [https://mindandmatter.substack.com/p/how-to-support-mind-and-matter]Learn more about our podcast sponsor, Dosist[https://dosist.com]ABOUT Nick Jikomes:Nick is a neuroscientist and podcast host. He is currently Director of Science & Innovation at Leafly, a technology startup in the legal cannabis industry. He received a Ph.D. in Neuroscience from Harvard University and a B.S. in Genetics from the University of Wisconsin-Madison.Support the show

In this episode of the Epigenetics Podcast, we caught up with Marcela Sjöberg from the University of Chile to talk about her work on the hydroxymethylation landscape in immune cells. At the beginning of her career Marcela Sjöberg worked on Polycomb and how modifications placed by this complex modulate the binding of RNA Pol II. Later, her focus shifted to hydroxymethylated cytosine and how it is involved in the inheritance of Metastable Epialleles in mouse. More recently, the laboratory is interested in transcription factor binding motifs and how hydroxymethylation of those binding motifs modulates the binding and activity of the respective transcription factors.   References Sabbattini, P., Sjoberg, M., Nikic, S., Frangini, A., Holmqvist, P.-H., Kunowska, N., Carroll, T., Brookes, E., Arthur, S. J., Pombo, A., & Dillon, N. (2014). An H3K9/S10 methyl-phospho switch modulates Polycomb and Pol II binding at repressed genes during differentiation. Molecular Biology of the Cell, 25(6), 904–915. https://doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e13-10-0628 Kazachenka, A., Bertozzi, T. M., Sjoberg-Herrera, M. K., Walker, N., Gardner, J., Gunning, R., Pahita, E., Adams, S., Adams, D., & Ferguson-Smith, A. C. (2018). Identification, Characterization, and Heritability of Murine Metastable Epialleles: Implications for Non-genetic Inheritance. Cell, 175(5), 1259-1271.e13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2018.09.043 Westoby, J., Herrera, M.S., Ferguson-Smith, A.C. et al. Simulation-based benchmarking of isoform quantification in single-cell RNA-seq. Genome Biol 19, 191 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13059-018-1571-5 Viner, C., Johnson, J., Walker, N., Shi, H., Sjöberg, M., Adams, D. J., Ferguson-Smith, A. C., Bailey, T. L., & Hoffman, M. M. (2016). Modeling methyl-sensitive transcription factor motifs with an expanded epigenetic alphabet [Preprint]. Bioinformatics. https://doi.org/10.1101/043794   Related Episodes The Role of DNA Methylation in Epilepsy (Katja Kobow) DNA Methylation and Mammalian Development (Déborah Bourc'his) Effects of DNA Methylation on Chromatin Structure and Transcription (Dirk Schübeler)   Contact Active Motif on Twitter Epigenetics Podcast on Twitter Active Motif on LinkedIn Active Motif on Facebook Email: podcast@activemotif.com

How long do you want to live? How healthy do you want to be in your later years? For many podcast listeners, healthspan is more important than lifespan, but it's difficult to figure out what–if anything⁠–can stack the deck in your favor. On this week's podcast, we'll meet PhD researcher and author, Morgan Levine, who is actively working to answer these questions.  Listen and learn:  Why exercise is probably the greatest anti-aging tool Metformin and rapamycin: do they work? Human age potential Heritability vs. epigenetics  Links Morgan Levine's Book ABOUT OUR GUEST Morgan Levine was an Assistant Professor in the department of Pathology at Yale University. She now works with Altos Labs, where she leads a research group on bioinformatics, cellular biology, and biostatistics. She is the author of, True Age: Cutting-Edge Research to Help Turn Back the Clock. Like the Show? Leave us a review Check out our YouTube channel Visit www.yogabody.com

Interview with Angelica Ronald, PhD, author of Heritability of Heritability of Psychotic Experiences in Adolescents and Interaction With Environmental Risk . Hosted by John Torous, MD, MBI.

Huberman Lab Podcast Notes Key Takeaways Manic episodes are the defining criteria of bipolar disorder AKA bipolar depression – not all people with bipolar disorder experience deep depressionTypes of bipolar disorder: (1) Bipolar I – characterized by an extended period of mania (elevated mood, impulse, distractibility, etc.) – the mania is extreme and noticeable to people around; (2) Bipolar II – characterized by swings of hypomania (lessened intensity of mania or shorter duration of mania) and depressive episodesBipolar I presents itself more overtly because of bouts of mania; Bipolar II can duck under the radar because of the intense depressive state and hypomania which might look more normal compared to a depressive stateHeritability of bipolar disorder among the general population is 85% – if someone has bipolar disorder, it's likely they inherited a gene, set of genes, or susceptibility in genes to influences that can trigger bipolar disorderMajor neurological deficits in people with bipolar disorder: (1) lack of internal awareness (interoception); (2) top-down control on overall levels of energy (reduction in connectivity between parietal region and limbic system)Treatment approaches need to be comprehensive and in combination – for example, lithium + talk therapy“It's naïve and in fact, wrong, to say that lifestyle interventions alone are going to prevent especially extreme forms of mania and depression.” – Dr. Andrew HubermanRead the full notes @ podcastnotes.orgIn this episode, I explain the biology, symptoms, causes and types of bipolar disorder (sometimes called bipolar depression). I discuss neuroplasticity and how the brain normally regulates mood, energy, and perceptions; then, I contrast that with the biology of bipolar disorder, which is characterized by extremes of energy and mood, e.g., mania and depression. I outline the mechanisms through which bipolar disorder manifests in the brain, including deficits of interoception and reduced connections between the parietal and limbic systems. I also outline how treatment options (such as lithium) work in part through homeostatic plasticity.' I discuss not only lithium but also the treatment of bipolar with ketamine, different talk therapies, electroconvulsive therapy, transcranial magnetic stimulation, and nutraceuticals, including Omega-3 and Inositol supplementation. This episode should interest anyone who has or knows someone with bipolar disorder and, more broadly, those interested in how the brain works to create a balance between thoughts, energy levels, focus, and mood. Thank you to our sponsors InsideTracker: https://insidetracker.com/huberman ROKA: https://roka.com/huberman Blinkist: https://www.blinkist.com/huberman Supplements from Momentous https://www.livemomentous.com/huberman. For the full show notes, visit hubermanlab.com. Timestamps (00:00:00) Bipolar Disorder (00:02:23) Momentous Supplements (00:03:42) Tool: Appetite Suppression & GLP-1, Parallel Pathways, Yerba Mate (00:10:23) InsideTracker, ROKA, Blinkist (00:14:24) Prevalence & Severity of Bipolar Disorder (00:16:30) Bipolar Disorder I, Diagnostic Criteria of Mania (00:28:58) Bipolar Disorder II, Individual Variability (00:33:07) Bipolar I vs. Bipolar II: Manic, Depressive & Symptom-Free States (00:38:20) Consequences of Bipolar Disorder, Heritability (00:46:53) Bipolar Disorder vs. Borderline Personality Disorder (00:51:51) Mania & Depression, Negative Impacts (00:53:06) History of Lithium Treatment (01:02:44) Lithium Treatment & Side-Effects (01:05:05) Effects of Lithium: BDNF, Anti-inflammatory & Neuroprotection (01:10:10) Neural Circuits of Bipolar Disorder, Interoception, Hyper- vs. Hypoactivity (01:17:11) Neural States & Mania, Parietal Lobe & Limbic System (01:22:58) Homeostatic Plasticity, Synaptic Scaling, Lithium & Ketamine (01:36:00) Talk Therapies: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Family-Focused Therapy, Interpersonal & Social Rhythm Therapy (01:43:18) Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT), Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) (01:48:01) Psylocibin, Cannabis (01:51:50) Lifestyle Support, Supplements: Inositol & Omega-3 Fatty Acids (02:03:31) Omega-3s, Membrane Fluidity & Neuroplasticity (02:06:44) Mania, Creativity & Occupations (02:15:33) Bipolar Disorder: Diagnosis, Neural Circuits & Treatment (02:17:45) Zero-Cost Support, YouTube Feedback, Spotify & Apple Reviews, Sponsors, Momentous Supplements, Instagram, Twitter, Neural Network Newsletter Title Card Photo Credit: Mike Blabac Disclaimer

In this episode, I explain the biology, symptoms, causes and types of bipolar disorder (sometimes called bipolar depression). I discuss neuroplasticity and how the brain normally regulates mood, energy, and perceptions; then, I contrast that with the biology of bipolar disorder, which is characterized by extremes of energy and mood, e.g., mania and depression. I outline the mechanisms through which bipolar disorder manifests in the brain, including deficits of interoception and reduced connections between the parietal and limbic systems. I also outline how treatment options (such as lithium) work in part through homeostatic plasticity.' I discuss not only lithium but also the treatment of bipolar with ketamine, different talk therapies, electroconvulsive therapy, transcranial magnetic stimulation, and nutraceuticals, including Omega-3 and Inositol supplementation. This episode should interest anyone who has or knows someone with bipolar disorder and, more broadly, those interested in how the brain works to create a balance between thoughts, energy levels, focus, and mood. Thank you to our sponsors InsideTracker: https://insidetracker.com/huberman ROKA: https://roka.com/huberman Blinkist: https://www.blinkist.com/huberman Supplements from Momentous https://www.livemomentous.com/huberman. For the full show notes, visit hubermanlab.com. Timestamps (00:00:00) Bipolar Disorder (00:02:23) Momentous Supplements (00:03:42) Tool: Appetite Suppression & GLP-1, Parallel Pathways, Yerba Mate (00:10:23) InsideTracker, ROKA, Blinkist (00:14:24) Prevalence & Severity of Bipolar Disorder (00:16:30) Bipolar Disorder I, Diagnostic Criteria of Mania (00:28:58) Bipolar Disorder II, Individual Variability (00:33:07) Bipolar I vs. Bipolar II: Manic, Depressive & Symptom-Free States (00:38:20) Consequences of Bipolar Disorder, Heritability (00:46:53) Bipolar Disorder vs. Borderline Personality Disorder (00:51:51) Mania & Depression, Negative Impacts (00:53:06) History of Lithium Treatment (01:02:44) Lithium Treatment & Side-Effects (01:05:05) Effects of Lithium: BDNF, Anti-inflammatory & Neuroprotection (01:10:10) Neural Circuits of Bipolar Disorder, Interoception, Hyper- vs. Hypoactivity (01:17:11) Neural States & Mania, Parietal Lobe & Limbic System (01:22:58) Homeostatic Plasticity, Synaptic Scaling, Lithium & Ketamine (01:36:00) Talk Therapies: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Family-Focused Therapy, Interpersonal & Social Rhythm Therapy (01:43:18) Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT), Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) (01:48:01) Psylocibin, Cannabis (01:51:50) Lifestyle Support, Supplements: Inositol & Omega-3 Fatty Acids (02:03:31) Omega-3s, Membrane Fluidity & Neuroplasticity (02:06:44) Mania, Creativity & Occupations (02:15:33) Bipolar Disorder: Diagnosis, Neural Circuits & Treatment (02:17:45) Zero-Cost Support, YouTube Feedback, Spotify & Apple Reviews, Sponsors, Momentous Supplements, Instagram, Twitter, Neural Network Newsletter Title Card Photo Credit: Mike Blabac Disclaimer

Selam fularsızlar. Zeka ve kalıtım konularını konuşmak zor, ama bir deneyelim bakalım. Bugün, zeka kalıtsallığına olan entelektüel direnci, başarı için öne çıkan IQ-dışı bazı etmenleri, kalıtsallığın kalıtımdan farkın ve sadece çevrenin genleri değil, genlerin de çevreyi seçmesini konuşuyoruz. Tüm kısımlar ve kaynaklar aşağıda her zamanki gibi.(Duyuru: Bunca bölümdür devam etmemi sağlayan en önemli şey, Patreon'dan irili ufaklı destek veren sizin gibi dinleyiciler. Bu destek doğrudan bana geliyor, normal reklam gelirleri ise (varsa o ay) yapımcımla paylaşılıyor. Ayrıca patronlara e-kitabım bedava, yoksa da buyrun: Safsatalar Ansiklopedisi Kısaltılmış Edisyon) . Bölümler:(00:55) Zekayı konuşmanın zorluğu.(02:45) Duygusal zeka.(04:00) Grit.(04:45) 10000 saat kuralı.(08:25) Testlerden kurtulmanın beklenmedik etkisi.(09:30) IQ, G, Genel zeka.(12:12) Kalıtsallık nedir.(15:10) Eşitliğin kalıtsallığı arttırması.(16:10) Wilson Etkisi: Zekanın kalıtsallığının değişimi.(18:20) Genlerin çevreyi seçmesi.(20:35) Grup içi farklar vs gruplar arası farklar.(22:25) Bugünün tekrarı.(23:25) Patreon teşekkürleri..Kaynaklar:Makale: Education, Wechsler's Full Scale IQ, and gHaber: Why IQ matters more than gritHaber: Why Emotional Intelligence Is in DeclineKitap: Grit: The Power of Passion and PerseveranceRöportaj: NYT'daki Angela Duckworth röportajıKonuşma: Duckworth'ün TED konuşmasıBlog: 10,000 saat kuralı ve eleştirisiBlog: Grit or Intelligence - Which is More Important for Success?Kişilik özelliklerinin akademik başarıya %4-6 etkisiMakale: The Wilson Effect: The Increase in Heritability of IQ With AgeSee Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.