Podcasts about Heritability

Matters Microbial #91: You Are What Your Genes Feed Your Microbiome May 16, 2025 Today, Dr. Emily Davenport, Assistant Professor in the Department of Biology and Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences at Penn State University, joins the #QualityQuorum to tell us about the research her team does, studying how our own genes impact our microbiomes.   Host: Mark O. Martin Guest: Emily Davenport Subscribe: Apple Podcasts, Spotify Become a patron of Matters Microbial! Links for this episode A description of GWAS (“Genome Wide Association Study”).  Here is an introductory video about the concept. An explainer on organoids. An essay about the diversity of the host microbiome (i.e. is there a “healthy” microbiome?). An article of the work of Dr. Sarkis Mazamian on how individual host genes and bacterial genes can impact the microbiome. A nice write up for Dr. Mazamian's work showing how host genes and bacterial genes can work together…or not. An oldish video of how the infant microbiome develops over time by Dr. Rob Knight's research group. An article on the same topic from Dr. Ruth Ley. An essay on the mucosal microbiota, rather than the fecal microbiome. An interesting member of the human microbiome, Akkermansia that might be related to obesity. Another interesting member of the human microbiome, Bifidobacterium, which appears to be associated with host lactose metabolism.  Yes, there is a Giant Microbes plush toy. An overview of the impact of host genetics on the microbiome by Dr. Davenport.  A definition of heritability. An overview of the Hutterites and how their study has advanced genetics. An explainer of the power of twin studies in genetics. A fascinating article about ancient dental plaque microbiome by Dr. Davenport and others. Dr. Davenport's faculty website. Dr. Davenport's research group website. Intro music is by Reber Clark Send your questions and comments to mattersmicrobial@gmail.com

Heritability has long been known to play a role in aortic aneurysm and dissection for individuals with the Marfan and Loeys-Dietz syndromes. Recent research at Penn Medicine and elsewhere has revealed the presence of genetic variants linked to these syndromes in non-syndromic disease. In this podcast, clinical genetics specialist Staci Kallish, DO, discusses this phenomenon, reviews ongoing studies to determine the risk for aortic aneurysm and dissection in the general population, and the protocols for candidates for genetic evaluation and testing in at- risk populations.

Dr. Richard Haier is an emeritus professor of Pediatric Neurology at UC Irvine, who spent his career studying the neuroscience of intelligence. Over the course of his career, Haier has come to believe in the existence of a “g-factor,” a measurable quantity of broad spectrum intelligence that is universally predictive of success in all cultures. He also believes that intelligence is a fixed characteristic, and that it's possible to predict someone's intelligence by watching how their brain works when trying to solve a puzzle. We sit down with him to figure out how far one can take this theory of intelligence before running headlong into a heartless social darwinism, why intelligence research feels so creepy, if IQ tests are actually measuring what we think they're measuring, if intelligence is really the thing that we should be optimizing for, and if it's possible for technology to make us dumber. Don't miss the historic cosmology summit in Portugal this summer!!! DEMYSTICON 2025 ANNUAL MEETING June 12-16: https://demystifysci.com/demysticon-2025 PATREON: get episodes early + join our weekly Patron Chat https://bit.ly/3lcAasB MERCH: Rock some DemystifySci gear : https://demystifysci.myspreadshop.com/all AMAZON: Do your shopping through this link: https://amzn.to/3YyoT98 SUBSTACK: https://substack.com/@UCqV4_7i9h1_V7hY48eZZSLw@demystifysci 00:00 Go! 00:09:28 Flynn Effect and G Factor 00:15:40 Testing, Practice, and Intelligence 00:26:58 The Relationship Between Intelligence, Motivation, and Test Scores 00:31:09 Heritability and Societal Implications of Intelligence 00:35:51 The Social Value of Intelligence Versus Athletic Ability 00:41:54 IQ Levels and Educational Attainment 00:48:03 The Dilution of College Degrees 00:53:07 Educational System Critique 00:57:24 Intelligence and Occupational Success 01:01:40 Bureaucracy and Talent in Academia 01:06:13 Intelligence and Personal Success 01:19:20 Enhancing Intelligence through Drugs 01:25:28 Brain Efficiency and Intelligence 01:31:12 Tetris Study and Brain Efficiency 01:44:20 Predicting Intelligence through Brain Imaging 01:49:58 Brain Structure and Cognitive Prediction 01:52:00 Challenges in Enhancing Intelligence 02:04:22 Environmental and Genetic Interplay 02:14:02 Understanding Autism and Intelligence 02:19:56 Artificial Intelligence vs. Human Intelligence 02:28:21 Technology's Impact on Skill Development 02:32:55 Flynn Effect and Educational Implications 02:39:24 Technology and Its Impact on Children 02:45:08 Societal Roles and Intelligence Levels 02:48:09 Meaning and Societal Functionality #IQTests, #Neuroscience, #intelligence, #iqtest, #ArtificialIntelligence, #HumanIntelligence, #CognitiveScience, #BrainFunction, #iq , #Neuroimaging, #AIvsHumans, #TechImpact, #philosophypodcast, #sciencepodcast, #longformpodcast Check our short-films channel, @DemystifySci: https://www.youtube.com/c/DemystifyingScience AND our material science investigations of atomics, @MaterialAtomics https://www.youtube.com/@MaterialAtomics Join our mailing list https://bit.ly/3v3kz2S PODCAST INFO: Anastasia completed her PhD studying bioelectricity at Columbia University. When not talking to brilliant people or making movies, she spends her time painting, reading, and guiding backcountry excursions. Shilo also did his PhD at Columbia studying the elastic properties of molecular water. When he's not in the film studio, he's exploring sound in music. They are both freelance professors at various universities. - Blog: http://DemystifySci.com/blog - RSS: https://anchor.fm/s/2be66934/podcast/rss - Donate: https://bit.ly/3wkPqaD - Swag: https://bit.ly/2PXdC2y SOCIAL: - Discord: https://discord.gg/MJzKT8CQub - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/groups/DemystifySci - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/DemystifySci/ - Twitter: https://twitter.com/DemystifySci MUSIC: -Shilo Delay: https://g.co/kgs/oty671

See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

IQ is, to say the least, a fraught concept. Psychologists have studied IQ—or g for “general cognitive ability”—maybe more than any other psychological construct. And they've learned some interesting things about it. That it's remarkably stable over the lifespan. That it really is general: people who ace one test of intellectual ability tend to ace others. And that IQs have risen markedly over the last century. At the same time, IQ seems to be met with increasing squeamishness, if not outright disdain, in many circles. It's often seen as crude, misguided, reductive—maybe a whole lot worse. There's no question, after all, that IQ has been misused—that it still gets misused—for all kinds of racist, classist, colonialist purposes. As if this wasn't all thorny enough, the study of IQ is also intimately bound up with the study of genetics. It's right there in the roiling center of debates about how genes and environment make us who we are. So, yeah, what to make of all this? How should we be thinking about IQ? My guest today is Dr. Eric Turkheimer. Eric is Professor of Psychology at the University of Virginia. He has studied intelligence and many other complex human traits for decades, and he's a major figure in the field of “behavior genetics.” Eric also has a new book out this fall—which I highly recommend—titled Understanding the Nature-Nurture Debate. In a field that has sometimes been accused of rampant optimism, Eric is—as you'll hear—a bit more measured. In this conversation, Eric and I focus on intelligence and its putatively genetic basis. We talk about why Eric doubts that we are anywhere close to an account of the biology of IQ. We discuss what makes intelligence such a formidable construct in psychology and why essentialist understandings of it are so intuitive. We talk about Francis Galton and the long shadow he's cast on the study of human behavior. We discuss the classic era of Twin Studies—an era in which researchers started to derive quantitative estimates of the heritability of complex traits. We talk about how the main takeaway from that era was that genes are quite important indeed, and about how more genetic techniques suggest that takeaway may have been a bit simplistic. Along the way, Eric and I touch on spelling ability, child prodigies, the chemical composition of money, the shared quirks of twins reared apart, the Flynn Effect, the Reverse Flynn Effect, birth order, the genetics of height, the problem of missing heritability, whether we should still be using IQ scores, and the role of behavior genetics in the broader social sciences.  Alright folks, lots in here—let's just get to it. On to my conversation with Dr. Eric Turkheimer. Enjoy!   A transcript of this episode will be available soon.   Notes and links 3:30 – The 1994 book The Bell Curve, by Richard Herrnstein a Charles Murray, dealt largely with the putative social implications of IQ research. It was extremely controversial and widely discussed. For an overview of the book and controversy, see the Wikipedia article here. 6:00 – For discussion of the “all parents are environmentalists…” quip, see here. 12:00 – The notion of “multiple intelligences” was popularized by the psychologist Howard Gardner—see here for an overview. See here for an attempt to test the claims of the “multiple intelligences” framework using some of the methods of traditional IQ research. For work on EQ (or Emotional Intelligence) see here. 19:00 – Dr. Turkheimer has also laid out his spelling test analogy in a Substack post. 22:30 – Dr. Turkheimer's 1998 paper, “Heritability and Biological Explanation.” 24:30 – For an in-passing treatment of the processing efficiency idea, see p. 195 of Daniel Nettle's book Personality. See also Richard Haier's book, The Neuroscience of Intelligence. 26:00 – The original study on the relationship between pupil size and intelligence. A more recent study that fails to replicate those findings. 31:00 – For an argument that child prodigies constitute an argument for “nature,” see here. For a memorable narrative account of one child prodigy, see here. 32:00 – A meta-analysis of the Flynn effect. We have previously discussed the Flynn Effect in an episode with Michael Muthukrishna. 37:00 – James Flynn's book, What is Intelligence? On the reversal of the Flynn Effect, see here. 40:00 – The phrase “nature-nurture” originally comes from Shakespeare and was picked up by Francis Galton. In The Tempest, Prospero describes Caliban as “a born devil on whose nature/ Nurture can never stick.” 41:00 – For a biography of Galton, see here. For an article-length account of Galton's role in the birth of eugenics, see here. 50:00 – For an account of R.A. Fisher's 1918 paper and its continuing influence, see here. 55:00 – See Dr. Turkheimer's paper on the “nonshared environment”—E in the ACE model. 57:00 – A study coming out of the Minnesota Study of Twins reared apart. A New York Times article recounting some of the interesting anecdata in the Minnesota Study. 1:00:00 – See Dr. Turkheimer's 2000 paper on the “three laws of behavior genetics.” Note that this is not, in fact, Dr. Turkheimer's most cited paper (though it is very well cited). 1:03:00 – For another view of the state of behavior genetics in the postgenomic era, see here. 1:11:00 – For Dr. Turkheimer's work on poverty, heritability, and IQ, see here. 1:13:00 – A recent large-scale analysis of birth order effects on personality. 1:16:00 – For Dr. Turkheimer's take on the missing heritability problem, see here and here.    1:19:00 – A recent study on the missing heritability problem in the case of height. 1:30:00 – On the dark side of IQ, see Chapter 9 of Dr. Turkheimer's book. See also Radiolab's series on g. 1:31:00 – See Dr. Turkheimer's Substack, The Gloomy Prospect.   Recommendations The Genetic Lottery, Kathryn Paige Harden Intelligence, Stuart Ritchie Intelligence and How to Get It, Richard Nisbett ‘Why our IQ levels are higher than our grandparents'' (Ted talk), James Flynn   Many Minds is a project of the Diverse Intelligences Summer Institute, which is made possible by a generous grant from the John Templeton Foundation to Indiana University. The show is hosted and produced by Kensy Cooperrider, with help from Assistant Producer Urte Laukaityte and with creative support from DISI Directors Erica Cartmill and Jacob Foster. Our artwork is by Ben Oldroyd. Our transcripts are created by Sarah Dopierala. Subscribe to Many Minds on Apple, Stitcher, Spotify, Pocket Casts, Google Play, or wherever you listen to podcasts. You can also now subscribe to the Many Minds newsletter here! We welcome your comments, questions, and suggestions. Feel free to email us at: manymindspodcast@gmail.com. For updates about the show, visit our website or follow us on Twitter (@ManyMindsPod) or Bluesky (@manymindspod.bsky.social).

Dr. Stephen Storage, a child psychiatrist, discusses the key stages of child psychological development and the impact of family dynamics and early childhood experiences on a child's mental health. He explains that there are four stages of development: infancy (0-2 years), early childhood (2-6 years), middle childhood (6-12 years), and adolescence (12-18 years). Each stage has a developmental task that the child must master, and if they don't, it can lead to issues later in life. Factors such as attachment, trauma, and adverse childhood experiences can shape a child's psyche and impact their relationships and mental health as adults. Trauma shapes the biology of the developing brain, leading to changes in brain activity and blood flow. The impact of trauma on the brain can be addressed through various therapies, supplements, and lifestyle changes. Genetics play a significant role in mental health conditions, with conditions like ADHD and autism having a high heritability. The three pillars of brain health are sleep, exercise, and nutrition. Social media can have negative effects on the developing brain, leading to higher rates of anxiety, depression, and ADHD. However, social media can also be a platform for connection and spreading awareness about mental health. It is important to set limits on social media use and ensure that the content is interactive and educational. Play is crucial for the psychological development of children, promoting problem-solving, creativity, social skills, emotional regulation, and confidence. Parents should be aware of the signs of mental health struggles in their children and foster open communication.Amen Clinic@drstevenstorage@therunningwinemom_

This podcast summarises the article 'Heritability of sudden cardiac death in Thoroughbred racehorses' 

This is the first part of our conversation. The full episode and the complete archive of Subversive episodes, including exclusive episodes and my writing, are available on Substack. You can also subscribe to the podcast sans writing on Patreon for a bit less. This is how the show is financed and grows, so I appreciate every contribution! Please subscribe at: ⁠https://www.alexkaschuta.com/⁠ ⁠https://www.patreon.com/aksubversive⁠ Our conversation explores the concept of pronatalism, the role of parents in shaping the values and behaviors of their children, the influence of genetics and culture, the limitations of heritability studies, and the challenges of navigating the complex nature vs. nurture debate. We also talk about the complexity of personality traits, the challenges of measuring and understanding them, the different flavors of traits, and the role of parenting in shaping them. The discussion also touches on the search for meaning in life, the impact of career choices, the importance of parenting styles, and the need for pro-natalist policies. Erik Hoel is an essayist, a neuroscientist, a novelist, and the author of one of my favorite Substacks: The Intrinsic Perspective Chapters 00:00 Introduction to Pronatalism and the Repugnant Conclusion 09:17 The Role of Parents in Shaping Values and Behaviors 18:59 Genetics, Heritability, and the Nature vs. Nurture Debate 40:22 The Complexity of Personality Traits 42:07 The Challenges of Measurement 46:12 Finding Meaning in Life 51:04 The Experience of Parenthood 56:49 Pronatalist Policies

In this reflection I process traits l inherited from my parents and consider their desirability. Supporting themes: Rational and irrational behavior; City and rural living; Pathologies and Therapy; Communication and the 7-38-55 rule; Conventional and non-conventional living: Abuse and Intergenerational trauma. This reflection was influenced in part by 1. Kenneth Bordens & Irwin Horowitz ("Social Psychology"); and 2. Alexis Kingsley (YouTube: "Introverted Intuition vs. Introverted Sensing"). Typology: Ni, Si, Te; Fi; Social-Eight

This is the first half of our conversation. The full episode and the complete archive of Subversive episodes, including exclusive episodes and my writing, are available on Substack. You can also subscribe to the podcast sans writing on Patreon for a bit less. This is how the show is financed and grows, so I appreciate every contribution! Please subscribe at: https://www.alexkaschuta.com/ https://www.patreon.com/aksubversive/ Our conversation explores the topic of the heritability of IQ and personality, as well as the relationship between intelligence and fertility. It also touches on the differences between men and women in terms of intelligence and achievement. We also discuss various topics related to gender norms, masculinity, Jewish overrepresentation, and the relationship between cognitive ability and political views. We also touch on the influence of democracy and values on political beliefs. Sebastian Jensen is an anonymous researcher and Substack author who blogs at https://www.sebjenseb.net/ Here are the timestamps for the full conversation: 00:00 Introduction and the Heritability of IQ and Personality 03:08 Intelligence and Fertility: Exploring the Relationship 05:11 Differences Between Men and Women: Intelligence and Achievement 37:09 Shifting Gender Norms and Educational Attainment 44:51 Exploring Jewish Over-representation 53:28 The Relationship Between Cognitive Ability and Political Views 59:42 The Influence of Democracy on Political Beliefs 01:06:39 Recommended Thinkers --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/aksubversive/message

De sociale medier TikTok, Facebook og Instagram flyder over med videoer, hvori det påstås, at simple fingerøvelser kan gøre din hjerne skarpere.  Måske er du selv stødt ind i øvelsen, hvor du skiftevis skal lave en pistol og et peace-tegn med højre og venstre hånd? Det er Brainstorm-værten Nana i hvert fald, og hun har sat sig for at komme til bunds i, om videoernes postulater har noget på sig. Kan ‘fingergymnastik' virkelig styrke kognitionen? Både Nana og Anne Sophie er lidt skeptiske over for ideen, men ifølge to hjerneforskere - Kamilla Miskowiak og Albert Gjedde - er effekten af fingergymnastik på vores hjerner noget mere nuanceret end som så… Svaret på, om fingergymnastik kan gøre hjernen skarpere, tager os forbi kinesisk naturmedicin, forbi musikeres hjerner og forbi memoreringsteknikker, der involverer bøf bearnaise og bilnummerplader. Medvirkende Kamilla Miskowiak, professor, Institut for Psykologi, Københavns Universitet, leder af Neurocognition and Emotion in Affective Disorders (NEAD) Centre, Psykiatrisk Center København  Albert Gjedde, professor emeritus på Københavns Universitet og husforsker Redaktion Anne Sophie Thingsted, Nana Elving Hansen, Astrid Marie Wermus, Caroline Overskov Kilder Videoer, der påstår, at fingergymnastik styrker hjernen: Her og her. Studie om at fingerøvelser styrker ældres demenspatienters kognitive funktioner, Brain Behavior and Immunity Integrative, 2023 Studier om musikeres hjerner:  ‘What can studying musicians tell us about motor control of the hand?', Journal of Anatomy, 2006 ‘Heritability of Childhood Music Engagement and Associations with Language and Executive Function: Insights from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study', Behavior Genetics, 2023 ‘In vivo evidence of structural brain asymmetry in musicians', Science, 1995 ‘Corpus callosum: musician and gender effects', Neuroreport, 2003 ‘Increased cortical representation of the fingers of the left hand in string players', Science, 1995

In den letzten Jahren hört man immer mehr davon und auch viele Hörer:innen haben sich eine Auseinandersetzung mit diesem Thema gewünscht: Heute geht es um ADHS. Um dieses komplexe Thema verständlicher zu machen, geht es in diesem ersten Teil um die wissenschaftlichen Grundlagen. Sinja und Boris stellen sich die Frage, was ADHS eigentlich genau ist. Dabei beleuchten sie typische Symptome, neurologische Besonderheiten, Folgen, Ursachen und vieles mehr!Wie gefällt dir Verstehen, fühlen, glücklich sein? Erzähle es uns hier.Hintergründe und Studien: Scobel (2023, Dezember 21). Wie #ADHS auch eine Chance sein kann | Gert Scobel [Ganze TV-Folge]. Youtube. Link zum Video Arns, M., Conners, C. K., & Kraemer, H. C. (2013). A Decade of EEG Theta/Beta Ratio Research in ADHD: A Meta-Analysis. Journal of Attention Disorders, 17(5), 374-383. Link zur Studie Hart, H., Raduà, J., Nakao, T., Mataix-Cols, D., & Rubia, K. (2013). Meta-analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging studies of inhibition and attention in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: exploring task-specific, stimulant medication, and age effects.. JAMA psychiatry, 70 2, 185-98 . Link zur Studie Wu, J., Xiao, H., Sun, H., Zou, L., & Zhu, L. Q. (2012). Role of dopamine receptors in ADHD: a systematic meta-analysis. Molecular neurobiology, 45, 605-620. Link zur Studie Li, D., Sham, P. C., Owen, M. J., & He, L. (2006). Meta-analysis shows significant association between dopamine system genes and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Human molecular genetics, 15(14), 2276-2284. Link zur Studie Willcutt, E., Doyle, A., Nigg, J., Faraone, S., & Pennington, B. (2005). Validity of the Executive Function Theory of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Meta-Analytic Review. Biological Psychiatry, 57, 1336-1346. Link zur Studie Ozel-Kizil, E., Kokurcan, A., Aksoy, U., Kanat, B., Sakarya, D., Baştuğ, G., Çolak, B., Altunoz, U., Kırıcı, S., Demirbaş, H., & Oncu, B. (2016). Hyperfocusing as a dimension of adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.. Research in developmental disabilities, 59, 351-358 . Link zur StudieGöbel, K., Baumgarten, F., Kuntz, B., Hölling, H., & Schlack, R. (2018). ADHS bei Kindern und Jugendlichen in Deutschland–Querschnittergebnisse aus KiGGS Welle 2 und Trends. Link zur StudieØstergaard, S. D., Dalsgaard, S., Faraone, S. V., Munk-Olsen, T., & Laursen, T. M. (2017). Teenage parenthood and birth rates for individuals with and without attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a nationwide cohort study. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 56(7), 578-584. Link zur Studie Angold, A., Costello, E. J., & Erkanli, A. (1999). Comorbidity. The Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines, 40(1), 57-87. Link zur Studie Freitag, C. M., & Retz, W. (Eds.). (2007). ADHS und komorbide Erkrankungen: Neurobiologische Grundlagen und diagnostisch-therapeutische Praxis bei Kindern und Erwachsenen. W. Kohlhammer Verlag Link zum Buch Brikell, I., Kuja‐Halkola, R., & Larsson, H. (2015). Heritability of attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder in adults. American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics, 168(6), 406-413. Link zur Studie Unsere allgemeinen Datenschutzrichtlinien finden Sie unter https://art19.com/privacy. Die Datenschutzrichtlinien für Kalifornien sind unter https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info abrufbar.

Listen to ASCO's Journal of Clinical Oncology essay, “The Heritability of Cancer” by Dr. Leeat Granek, Associate Professor at York University in Toronto, Canada. The essay is followed by an interview with Granek and host Dr. Lidia Schapira. Granek shares how her mother's diagnose with breast cancer continues to shape her own life and experiences. TRANSCRIPT Narrator: The Heritability of Cancer, by Leeat Granek  I was 9 years old when my mother was first diagnosed with breast cancer and 25 when she died. The boundary between before and after is so clear that it feels like I have lived two lives. I went from being a careless, cerebral, quirky child to a rough version of the responsible, reliable, and vigilant adult I would eventually became. With cancer came the fear of losing my mother, and with that fear came an unwelcome but necessary maturity. There were other important life events impacting our family around that time that contributed to this sense of split. We had just moved from Israel to Toronto and knew few people in our new environment. My mother had just given birth to my baby brother, and my parents had bought a new house for our growing family. At the time, I was starting third grade in a new school—the fifth new school since beginning kindergarten. All this in addition to the diagnosis. My mother was only 33 years old—the same age I am now. While I adapted to everything else—new house, new school, new brother, new country—cancer insisted on sticking around, and it claimed not only my mother's life but, in many ways, my own. Cancer enters the body of the caregivers in ways that move far beyond the domestic work involved in the running of the house or the management of medications and appointments. It can become part of caregiver DNA through inherited genes, but it often does so in more insidious ways. My mother lived with the disease for 17 years before she died in 2005. It is fair to say I grew up in the hospital. Over the years, there were multiple surgeries, along with episodes of weekly chemotherapy and daily radiation sessions. She suffered a host of complications that came with metastatic disease and its treatment, including four instances of strep A bacteremia. Many major events happened in the hospital. We ate Chinese food with our matzos on Passover in her room and lit Hanukkah candles in the waiting room where we accidentally set off the fire alarm on the seventh night, to the consternation of the nursing staff. My 11th, 15th, 18th, and 25th birthdays were celebrated in cramped hospital quarters, cutting the birthday cake with a dull plastic knife. Indeed, the last birthday we had together was my 25th, and we marked it in the hospital 2 days before she died. In her last lucid moment, she managed to miraculously lift out of the fog caused by brain metastases to give me a kiss and exclaim “Mazal tov, Leeatie!” I remember the sounds and the smells. Static codes being called out over the hospital loudspeakers. The haunting “clink, clink, clink” of the staples being removed from my mother's skin graft and landing with a loud clatter in a silver bowl. The pale green hallways and their antiseptic smell, which I grew to hate. The airless temperature that was neither hot nor cold—hospital weather, I used to call it. The hospital, with its sounds and smells, was my second home. It sounds awful. And it was a lot of the time, but there were many good moments as well. My mother was smart, intuitive, funny, and astonishingly optimistic. She was always laughing and incredibly giving with her love and affection. We were exceptionally close. Her eyes lit up and her arms stretched out to give me a hug every single time I walked into her room. She would say things like, “Leeatie, I love you so much. I wouldn't change a single thing about you! How did I get to be so lucky to have a daughter like you?” and “There's no one in the world I would rather spend time with than you.” I didn't have to do anything to earn her affection. I felt that I always came first, that I was always wanted and loved, and that my mother was always entirely there for me in every sense of the word. The hospital days that punctuated much of my childhood, adolescence, and young adulthood were both an annoyance and a blessing. There was nothing else to do but simply be together, which was fun and easy, thankfully. When I was older and no longer living at home, I would sometimes sleep over in her hospital room during her admissions. We would curl up in the twin bed and talk for hours until we both fell asleep, or we would sit together, each absorbed in her own book, comforted by the warmness of being together.  When I think about being a caregiver for my mom, and by extension a caregiver for our family, it was not the hours of care work—the babysitting, driving to appointments, spending time in the hospital—that consumed me. The impact was long-lasting and continues to this day. As a health psychologist and a researcher in the area of psychooncology, I know the permanent and long-term devastations cancer causes throughout the caregiver's—in my case, the daughter's—entire life span. To this day, I have no real sense of what normal physical development for a woman should feel and look like, and in some sense, I never will. I entered puberty around the same time my mother was having her breasts and ovaries removed, which made that phase frightening and emotionally difficult. And now, I have no mother to turn to and ask about my endlessly evolving female form, no mother to guide me through future pregnancies or talk me through gray hair and menopause.  Cancer shaped my young adulthood and my emotional development. At 20 years old, I was dealing with issues facing 60-year-olds who care for ill and aging parents. Because part of me recognized that time was running out—indeed, because I lived almost my entire life with a neon awareness of my mother's mortality—I was tethered to home and making decisions about school, life, and love that would keep me close to her. I don't regret these choices or a single moment that I chose to spend with her, and now I have an entire lifetime to come and go as I please. Being challenged with a cancer-driven perspective at 20, however, carries risks of having an entire lifetime being developmentally out of step with one's peers and unprepared for life events outside a hospital. For example, at 25, I could look death in the face without trembling and without abandoning my mother at her end, but I was unprepared to face the dating world that most young adults would have no trouble navigating. Although I was and remain a loved, nurtured, and supported daughter, cancer diverted the vast majority of the temporal, emotional, financial, and physical resources in our family toward fighting the disease. When she was alive, my mother was fully present in my life. But even her unconditional love could not repair the reality of my out-of-sync development as a child and young adult or today make up for her continued absence in my life. My absent mother is at the core of a black hole of grief that remains inside of me and that has been painfully pried open with subsequent losses to cancer—my grandmother and my aunt, a professor I admired and family friend that I loved. Each loss re-exposes a haunting grief I have learned to accept and live with. Grief is a shadow that looms large in my life. It is both the topic I chose to study and the affect I advocate fiercely for,1–4 because as I have learned through my own experiences and research, love and light come from the same place as grief and darkness.  The ability to grieve our losses fully also allows us to love and appreciate the people in our lives when they are still with us. And then, of course, there is the worry: the biannual check-ups, magnetic resonance imaging scans, and mammograms; the surveillance and the false positives and the constant paradoxical tension that comes with the awareness of the nature of these tests provide a false sense of control over a disease that refuses to be harnessed.  The literature about the impact of parental cancer on children at the time of diagnosis, during treatment, after surgery, and even at the time of death is extensive,5–6 but few of these studies acknowledge how much this disease alters the life course of the child well after the parent has recovered or has died. Being a caregiver for a patient with cancer consumed much of my childhood, adolescence, and young adulthood when my mother was alive and charted the course for my future as a health psychologist working in the field of psychooncology. Although many years have passed and although I have a doctorate in hand, several years of postdoctoral training in the field of psychooncology, an academic career studying these issues, and dozens of publications from my research on the psychological and emotional effects of cancer on patients, caregivers, and their families,7–16 from time to time, I still feel like a scared 9-year-old child trying to gain control over this disease and get out of the shadow that cancer has cast on my life. Dr. Lidia Schapira: Hello, and welcome to JCO's Cancer Stories, the Art of Oncology, which features essays and personal reflections from authors exploring their experience in the field of oncology. I'm your host, Dr. Lidia Schapira. I'm a Professor of Medicine at Stanford University. Today we are joined by Dr. Leeat Granek, Associate Professor at York University in Toronto, Canada, in the School of Social Policy and Health Management. In this episode, we will be talking about her Art of Oncology article, "The Heritability of Cancer." At the time of this recording, our guest has no disclosures. Leeat, welcome to our podcast and thank you for joining us. Dr. Leeat Granek: Thank you so much for having me. It's a pleasure.  Dr. Lidia Schapira: Your essay is a classic, and I'm so glad that we were able to include it in the recent anthology of Art of Oncology. So let's start by talking a little bit about what led you to not only write, but decide to share this essay eight years after your mother passed of breast cancer. Bring us to that moment. Tell us what you were thinking.  Dr. Leeat Granek: Yeah, so that's a great question. And I recently, in preparation for this interview, reread it, and I was a little taken aback, even by how exposed and how vulnerable it was. But I really like that essay, and I'm really glad that it was published. It was kind of a culmination of a lot of thoughts that I was having as a person who has researched grief for many years, and as a person who was working in the field of psycho oncology, doing research in the area, and as a grieving daughter. And I think eight years is nothing in the grieving trajectory, right? We often think about grief as something acute that happens to you, and then you get over it and you move on with your life, and that certainly has not been my experience of grieving. I think it changes as you change, and it's just a constant presence in your life. And I was thinking about that in the context of being a caregiver for somebody who has cancer. So I think my experience is a little different than others, just because my mom was very young. She was 33 when she was diagnosed, and I was only nine. And she lived with this metastatic disease for nearly 20 years. So we had a very long journey with cancer. And I can kind of see now, as I reread it, the parallel thinking processes I had about grief and about cancer. And being a researcher in the field, I still feel that there are a lot of gaps in terms of the caregiver experience. But this idea of heritability, we often think about cancer as something you inherit genetically through our genetic makeup. But I think that it really, especially when you're young, changes your whole life trajectory. And I could not find anything in the literature that spoke about it in that very longitudinal kind of way and the way the impact of cancer changes you throughout your entire life. And so it just came from a very personal place, but also that intersection of being aware of the different literatures and how they came together.  Dr. Lidia Schapira: Let's unpack this a little bit. One of the things that you just said was that you shared your vulnerabilities, and I want to ask you a little bit more about that. Here you are. You're about the same age that when your mother was living with this as a young woman. I think you said that she was diagnosed roughly at the time that you were writing this. And you decide to explore this wearing a little bit of your research hat in a very deeply personal way. But then the question I wanted to ask you is your decision to share this with the community of oncologists, the people you knew very well because they had looked after your mother for all those years. Tell me a little bit about that. How did you make the decision not only to write it, but to share it? Dr. Leeat Granek: That's a great question. This also pertains to the research that I do, because a lot of the research I was doing at the time, as a result of my experiences with cancer teams as a child, looked at the emotional impact of being an oncologist. I did a series of studies looking at the way oncologists grieve and how they feel when patients die, some of the emotional burdens of the work. And they were very vulnerable in sharing their experiences. And so I thought, well, they're telling me about their experiences, I can also tell them about mine. And I think that there's kind of a mythology around oncologists. I'm doing studies now on surgeons as well, and I think there's the same mythology around surgeons is that they don't feel or everything is compartmentalized and everything's separate.  But from my research, I knew that that wasn't the case. And I felt that, although oncologists and oncology teams and nurses as well, witness patient suffering and family suffering, that there was nothing in the literature that kind of brought it home in this very visceral way. I don't think it would have been a surprise for any oncologist reading it, because when you follow families or when you follow parents, you see the children coming in. And so there was something about this intersection of their vulnerability and my vulnerability, enriching the experience of what it means to be a patient, and what does it mean to be a healthcare provider, which is not something that's often discussed in medicine at all. Dr. Lidia Schapira: So to your point, I think that telling the story was a beautiful sort of vehicle for opening up the topic. You were doing it through your research. But telling a story can often start a conversation in a very different way. That's what we try to do also in selecting these essays for Art of Oncology, to bring a story that's deeply personal, that reflects one's lived experience, but opens up a topic that is otherwise perhaps not talked about as much as we think it should. So let me go back and ask, what was the impact of telling the story on your research?  Dr. Leeat Granek: I just want to add something about what you just said about stories. The very first paper that I published on oncologist experiences of grief, I wrote an op-ed for the New York Times about that research. And it was very story-based. It was very much telling a story, and I was telling my own story as well as a story about the research. And the response to that op-ed was so profound and so much more powerful than any paper I had ever published. I got thousands of emails from people around the world, oncologists and healthcare providers around the world, just saying how touched and how moved they were by that op-ed. And that is the power of the story that you're talking about right now, that we're vying for these peer-reviewed articles all the time. But actually, the impact of just telling a story is so much more meaningful and visceral for the reader than just outlining the research findings. Dr. Lidia Schapira: And it sounds like just receiving all of those emails after your op-ed was probably very validating. We can get rejected when we apply for grants, but people were telling you what you're onto is really significant.   Dr. Leeat Granek: Yeah. And I think that validating in the sense that what I felt was that as you, exactly the words you just used, that it was a conversation that was not being had to the detriment of all. And so it validated that feeling of, yeah, this is something that's really important for us to be talking about in oncology. And just in terms of the response to "The Heritability of Cancer," it was a long time ago. This is 2014, so 10 years ago. I don't remember entirely what are the specific things that people said, but I do remember getting a lot of emails about it, mostly from healthcare providers, so less from caregivers or patients who may not have subscriptions to JCO, but maybe through the podcast now will have more access. Just saying this really shed some light as to the experience of what does it mean for the extended family that I think is not often considered. Certainly, we don't think about kids very often when a parent is going through cancer. Dr. Lidia Schapira: If you were to write this today, what would you do differently? Dr. Leeat Granek: I think what's changed for me– I don't think I would do anything differently, but what I think has changed is that I've had a child since I written that. Having a seven-year-old and thinking about what it's like to be going through a cancer diagnosis or cancer treatment while you have children. That piece was very centered on me and my experiences, and now I have even another layer of empathy and compassion for my mom, who had a newborn at the time. And I can just not imagine anything more– it's going to make me cry just even now just by thinking about it - it's just scary to have such a life-threatening diagnosis when you're a parent. Just like grief, like I said earlier, being a victim of cancer or being part of your family, that impact is lifelong and it changes as your development changes. Now as a parent, my grief is different than it was before I became a parent. And now as a parent, my understanding of what my mother was going through is changed. That terror and fear is so overwhelming. Dr. Lidia Schapira: So, Leeat, I can't help myself, but I need to ask you some practical questions. You're a psycho-oncologist, an expert in grief, and you've talked to and interviewed hundreds of oncologists who have shared stories, you're now a parent, you've lived through it. What it makes me think is that when we think about grief counseling or support for grieving children or bereaved spouses or parents, you think about it as an acute intervention and what you're suggesting is this needs to be explored throughout the life cycle. What are your thoughts about that and what should we be thinking about? Dr. Leeat Granek: I've written a lot about this in my grief work. The evidence for psychological counseling for grief is not strong actually when we look at the literature. For acute grief experiences in the immediate aftermath, sometimes it's helpful having someone to talk to. But in actuality, the most helpful is having a community in which grief is an open, accepted, acknowledged, part of living life. And that does not change after the first month or the first six months or the year, five years or ten years.   Other people may have moved on very quickly, but you're left with the impact of that loss. And I think the impact of that loss is not only after, when the person has died, it's also that progressive loss of function. The kind of witnessing of your loved one deteriorating. It's not just meals that you need, you also need that emotional support. And that emotional support doesn't necessarily have to take the form of, “Tell me about your grieving right now.” Sometimes it's just being with. And I think that certainly in North America, we're not very good at integrating grief, loss, pain, suffering, and negative emotions into our day to day lives. So partly, 10 years, 20 years, or 25 years later, it's hard for people to remember that loss.  So I think the person is grieving that many years after may have to reach out and ask for the support. But I think it's done really well in certain religions. I am Jewish and in the Jewish background, you have so many layers of mourning that's lifelong. So you have the acute grieving experience where it's seven days or 30 days or one year. And then every year progressively after that four times a year, you say a blessing and remembrance and give charity in the name of the dead. And for religious people, I'm not religious, this idea of every single day for that first year having to go synagogue and having to have at least nine other people that could be there with you to say the prayer for the dead, whether you believe or not believe, whether you're religious or not, I think the brilliance in those kinds of rituals is that it simply brings you together with other people who see you everyday.  And decades later, still that four times a year that you're meeting with people and you're saying a prayer, or that yearly yahrzeit, that memorial allows people a very very defined space in which to support the mourner. And I think other religions have it too.    Dr. Lidia Schapira: Those are beautiful thoughts, and I think it speaks to connection and community as a way of supporting rather than pathologizing the grief and thinking what one needs is some sort of a professional intervention. I can't help but add that as a community of caring oncologists, we are constantly grieving. We are immersed in grief, and in part, there is no label for how we feel. There is a small literature that you probably know far better than I do on disenfranchised grief, which is the idea that we can't quite claim to grieve because we weren't a relative or best friend, but we deeply cared and we lost and we grieve. So I find that this conversation is so helpful because I think what we're doing is we're talking about what we ought to be talking about more: perhaps acknowledging more from a point of view, as you say, of a parent, researcher, caregiver, medical or healthcare professional who's involved. We are living in a society where perhaps we are afraid to think that grief is a part of our life, and we can be happy even if we grieve. Dr. Leeat Granek: Yeah.  Dr. Lidia Schapira: Happiness is not just the absence of sadness, I think, I don't know. You are the psycho-oncologist, tell me if I'm wrong. Dr. Leeat Granek: I so appreciate what you're saying and it makes me sad to hear that grief is still so stigmatized among oncologists. I think what my research has found and all my conversations with people over the decades now is, of course, oncologists feel a lot of things. Not just grief but pain and suffering, distress at seeing their patients and their families suffering and declining. Why wouldn't they? They are human beings. So I think this idea that people don't feel or don't have space to feel is part of what leads to burn out actually. I think there's a kind of fear that grief and the pain and suffering is the burn out but it's not. In fact, what's the burn out is the inability to talk about or to have a space to discuss it. And I also think that the thing that gives meaning to the work is that relationship with patients.  And by the way, I'm finding that with the surgeons as well. The surgeons are even more kind of disconnected in terms of emotions. We kind of assume that they feel nothing, that they are so disconnected. By the way, I just have to say, the surgeons say, “I can't believe the oncologists does that job.” They find it really hard to believe that oncologists can do that, that they can never do that job. And the oncologists say that about the surgeons, too. So I think it's very interesting how different medical groups look at each other.  But there's this kind of sense that's very unique about the grieving experience of how care providers is and they feel a lot of guilt and a lot of self doubt, and self criticism when patients die even though they know consciously that there's nothing that they could've done and that is just the disease that is taking over. That lack of control and that sense of having failed the patient is so strong. That is a very unique grieving experience for providers who feel responsible for the care of their patients. The fact that there is no training or no education or no space to talk about that is just appalling to me as a psychologist. Because I just think you learn how to do everything else. There's so much training on communicating bad news, on dealing with patient anger, on dealing with patient emotions and how to respond. But nothing on how to deal with your own emotions in response to this. For years, it's just about communications training.  One of the things we find in the literature is that even when you provide communication training to oncologists that have to discuss end of life, often those skills are not sufficient to be able to have that conversation. And what's missing is the notion that I found in my own research that they don't have this conversation because they feel so uncomfortable with it themselves. And so until they have some self reflective practice for healthcare providers, all the skills training in the world is not going to help because it's about your own emotional resistance.  Dr. Lidia Schapira: Well, this has been a phenomenal conversation, and I hope people will look at some of the beautiful research you've done in this field. Thank you so much for having shared your own experience, for the work you do, and for participating in today's podcast.  Dr. Leeat Granek: Thank you so much. I really enjoyed it. Dr. Lidia Schapira: So until next time, thank you for listening to JCO's Cancer Stories: The Art of Oncology. Don't forget to give us a rating or review, and be sure to subscribe so you never miss an episode. You can find all of the ASCO shows at asco.org/podcasts.   The purpose of this podcast is to educate and inform. This is not a substitute for professional medical care and is not intended for use in the diagnosis or treatment of individual conditions.   Guests on this podcast express their own opinions, experiences, and conclusions. Guest statements on the podcast do not express the opinions of ASCO. The mention of any product, service, organization, activity, or therapy should not be construed as an ASCO endorsement.   Show Notes: Like, share and subscribe so you never miss an episode and leave a rating or review.  New York Times Op-Ed: When Doctors Give Two Decades of Art of Oncology Guest Bio:  Dr. Leeat Granek is an Associate Professor at York University in Toronto, Canada, in the School of Social Policy and Health Management.  

Famous schizophrenia researcher E. Fuller Torrey recently wrote a paper trying to cast doubt on whether schizophrenia is really genetic. His exact argument is complicated, but I feel like it sort of equivocates between “the studies showing that schizophrenia are genetic are wrong” and “the studies are right, but in a philosophical sense we shouldn't describe it as ‘mostly genetic'”. Awais Aftab makes a clearer version of the philosophical argument. He's not especially interested in debating the studies. But he says that even if the studies are right and schizophrenia is 80% heritable, we shouldn't call it a genetic disease. He says: Heritability is “biologically vacuous” (Matthews & Turkheimer, 2022), and I think we would be better off if more of us hesitated to assert that schizophrenia is a “genetic disorder” based predominantly on heritability estimates. I think about questions like these through the lens of avoiding isolated demands for rigor. There are always complicated ways that any statement is false. So the question is never whether a statement is perfectly true in every sense. It's what happens when we treat it fairly, using the same normal criteria we use for everything else. https://www.astralcodexten.com/p/its-fair-to-describe-schizophrenia 

In this episode, my guest is Dr. Karen Parker, Ph.D., professor of psychiatry and director of the Social Neurosciences Research Program at Stanford University School of Medicine. We discuss the biology of social connections and bonding in babies, children and adults. Dr. Parker explains our current understanding of autism and autism spectrum disorders: what they are, why the incidence of autism has increased so dramatically in recent years and both the current and emerging treatments for autism. We also discuss the condition formerly called “Asperger's.” This episode is highly relevant for anyone interested in child and human development, how social bonds and communication form, and those curious about autism and other spectrum conditions. For show notes, including referenced articles and additional resources, please visit hubermanlab.com. Thank you to our sponsors AG1: https://drinkag1.com/huberman Eight Sleep: https://eightsleep.com/huberman LMNT: https://drinklmnt.com/huberman AeroPress: https://aeropress.com/huberman InsideTracker: https://insidetracker.com/huberman Momentous: https://livemomentous.com/huberman Timestamps (00:00:00) Dr. Karen Parker (00:01:30) Sponsors: Eight Sleep, LMNT & AeroPress (00:06:25) Autism, Frequency, Diagnosis (00:10:41) Early Interventions; Heritability & Autistic Traits (00:13:00) Autistic Spectrums; Studying Autism (00:21:29) Environment, Risk Factors & In Utero Development (00:29:55) Sponsor: AG1 (00:31:26) Oxytocin, Vasopressin, Social Behavior & Parent-Child Bonding (00:43:240 Oxytocin in Humans; Social Features of Autism, Intranasal Oxytocin (00:54:14) Sponsor: InsideTracker (00:55:16) Oxytocin & Autism; Benefit & Risks (01:06:30) Neuroplasticity & Autism; Early Intervention; Challenges of Early Diagnosis (01:14:30) MDMA & Autism (01:17:05) Vasopressin, Social Interaction; Voles & Parenthood (01:27:07) Human Social Connection, Oxytocin Levels & Autism (01:33:45) Primate Model of Social Impairment (01:42:47) Preclinical Animal Models, Mouse & Primates (01:47:11) Primates, Biomarkers & Social Connection; Vasopressin (01:52:20) Vasopressin Levels & Autism, Children & In Utero (02:03:06) Cerebral Spinal Fluid (CSF) & Vasopressin; Urination; Alternative Therapies (02:10:32) Intranasal Vasopressin, Children, Autism & Social Responsiveness (02:19:15) Vasopressin & Social Connection, Mechanism & Future Studies (02:26:35) Gut Microbiome & Vasopressin; Scientific Funding (02:34:52) Vasopressin Pathways, Social Behavior, Autism (02:43:00) Vaccine Theory & Autism; Immunology (02:54:06) Zero-Cost Support, Spotify & Apple Reviews, Sponsors, YouTube Feedback, Momentous, Social Media, Neural Network Newsletter Disclaimer

Dr Alex Mehr (IG: @doctoralex ) is an Iranian born entrepreneur who emigrated to the US. He has a in Phd in engineering and was previously an engineer at NASA. Dr Mehr is the creator of Zoosk and Mentorbox and is currently working on Deal.AI.  ———————————————————— Ready to build a network of amazing women and high-status men? Michael's Men of Action is a one-on-one Master's program that teaches men how to create elite  social lives by becoming higher status. Click this link to learn how you can have a High-Status lifestyle now: https://m.moamentoring.com/podcast Click here to join the Men of Action community and watch the High-Status Networking 101 course: https://m.moamentoring.com/moa-community Interested in joining the Men of Action sales team? Apply here: https://www.moamentoring.com/jobs/sales Men of Action has an affiliate program! Post pre-made content and get paid passively: https://www.moamentoring.com/affiliate ———————————————————— 0:00 Intro 0:39 Immigrating from Iran 1:39 PhD in Engineering 2:03 Working for NASA 2:36 **Physicists are good at modeling 4:14 The application process to work at NASA 4:57 From NASA to entrepreneur 6:11 ***Online dating software 9:25 **Selling the company for $258 million 12:01 How to automate your role in the business 13:40 Meeting Tai Lopez 15:02 The idea for MentorBox 17:33 ***How to price your products 24:24 ***Recurring programs 27:03 Giving away free software 29:15 ***Using AI 35:50 Being assimilated into the country 37:50 ***Online dating 43:50 “Great ideas shine” 45::45 The depth and breadth argument 49:47 ***What makes a good funnel? 54:16 Affiliates 56:30 Give away value before selling 57:53 ***The amount of hate you get is proportional to the money you make 1:02:20 Narcissism goes down as you age 1:03:25 Exposing psychopaths 1:06:13 **Firing 1% of your customers 1:07:56 Heritability of intelligence 1:08:37 ***Evolutionary psychology as a hard science 1:16:25 Reading 1:18:03 Becoming addicted to self-help 1:19:53 Skimming books 1:21:00 ***College education vs courses 1:24:29 Objection removal for sales teams 1:29:34 Money doesn't buy happiness but it eliminates bullshit 1:30:14 Not being a try-hard 1:30:54 Things coming up in the future 1:31:09 Social media

Discussion of ADHD is EVERYWHERE in the news and social media. Often we hear patients, friends, and family members stating “I saw a post on FB/Instagram/Twitter/TikTok about ADHD that resonated with me, should I get tested?” While many people experience periods of inattention, unfocused motor activity, and impulsivity, those with ADHD experience these symptoms to a much greater degree, and these behaviors can often interfere with their social lives, working lives, and general mental health. Depending on your age and many other social factors, screening and evaluation for ADHD may have passed you over during your young, formative years. Thankfully, meaningful research exists to provide helpful data on how to diagnose and manage this condition!So let's learn more, shall we? Thankfully we have a wonderful expert guest in the field of Neuropsychology to educate us today. Welcome, Leslie Guidotti Breting, Ph.D., ABPPDr. Leslie Guidotti Breting is a board-certified, clinical neuropsychologist and director of Neuropsychology at NorthShore University Health System where she has practiced since 2010. She serves at a national level on the Board of Directors for the American Board of Clinical Neuropsychology and is the Chair of the Student Affairs Committee for the American Academy of Clinical Neuropsychology. She has been engaged in clinical research, publishing extensively on the topics of ADHD, epilepsy, mTBI, and concussion. She conducts neuropsychological evaluations for adults, including those concerned about ADHD. She has also evaluated professional and collegiate athletes for therapeutic use exemption for stimulants related to treatment for ADHD.The key moments in this episode include:00:01:15 - Prevalence of ADHD, 00:02:39 - Increase in ADHD Diagnosis Rates? 00:05:07 - What is a Neuropsychologist? 00:16:20 - Genetics and Heritability of ADHD 00:17:22 - Screening for ADHD 00:19:08 - Overdiagnosis of ADHD? 00:21:45 - Diagnosing ADHD in Young Children 00:23:17 - Challenges in Diagnosing ADHD 00:31:26 - ADHD and Autism Spectrum Disorder Co-Occurrence 00:32:10 - Symptoms of ADHD in Adults00:35:23 - Pathophysiology of ADHD 00:36:50 - Executive Functioning and ADHD00:49:19 - Medication and Treatment Options00:58:16 - "Growing out" of ADHD 01:02:29 - Algorithm of Probability for ADHD Diagnosis - new research01:03:03 - No Blood TestsRESOURCES FOR TODAY'S EPISODE:CHADD- Children and Adults with ADHD website.American Academy of Child and Adult Psychiatry ADHD Resource Center. Find a board-certified Clinical Neuropsychologist through the American Academy of Clinical Neuropsychology website.Dr. Leslie Guidotti-Breting's professional NorthShore University page. For more episodes, limited edition merch, or to become a Friend of Your Doctor Friends (and more), follow this link! This includes the famous "Advice from the last generation of doctors that inhaled lead" shirt that Julie wears in this episode :)Also, CHECK OUT AMAZING HEALTH PODCASTS on

In this episode, my guest is Dr. David Linden, Ph.D., professor of neuroscience at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and the author of many popular books about the brain. We discuss individual differences between people — focusing on differences in how people sense the world around them and the roles that chance, heredity, and life experiences (even in utero) play in determining our physical and cognitive traits. We discuss the bidirectional connection between the mind and body and how our thoughts and mental practices (e.g., meditation and breathwork) impact our health. We also discuss the link between inflammation and depression. We also discuss Dr. Linden's terminal illness diagnosis, his mindset during chemotherapy and what his diagnosis has taught him about the mind, gratitude, time perception and life. This episode also covers sensual touch, cerebellar function, and epigenetic inheritance and ought to be of interest to all interested in neuroscience, genetics, psychology and human development.  For the full show notes, including articles, books, and other resources, visit hubermanlab.com. Take our survey and get 2 months of Huberman Lab Premium Thank you to our sponsors AG1: https://drinkag1.com/huberman ROKA: https://roka.com/huberman Levels: https://levels.link/huberman InsideTracker: https://insidetracker.com/huberman Supplements from Momentous https://www.livemomentous.com/huberman Timestamps (00:00:00) David Linden (00:03:59) Sponsors: ROKA & Levels; Huberman Lab Survey (00:07:54) Sensory Touch & Genitals, Krause Corpuscles (00:16:46) Sexual Experiences & Sensation (00:19:14) Human Individuality & Variation; Senses & Odor Detection (00:30:25) Sponsor: AG1 (00:31:22) Visual Individuality; Heat Tolerance; Early Life Experiences & Variation (00:40:28) Auditory Variability, Perfect Pitch (00:42:08) Heritability & Human Individuality: Cognitive & Physical Traits (00:49:36) Heritability, Environment, Personality; Twin Studies (01:00:12) Sponsor: InsideTracker (01:01:19) Development, Chance; Transgenerational Epigenetic Inheritance (01:07:37) Single Generation Epigenetic Inheritance & Stress; Autism (01:15:52) Sleep Paralysis; Cerebellum, Prediction (01:23:47) Nature vs. Nature, Experience; Linden Hypothesis (01:30:37) Mind-Body Interaction; Chemical Signals (01:39:10) Inflammation & Depression (01:43:35) Neuroplasticity, Inflammation & Mental Disorders; Microglial Cells, Exercise  (01:52:15) Fads & Science (01:55:16) Mind-Body Communication; Cancer  (02:03:28) Mind-Body, Mediation, Breathwork (02:07:30) Atrial Fibrillation, Synovial Sarcoma, Heart  (02:14:22) Gratitude & Anger; Chemotherapy, Curiosity & Time Perception (02:19:58) Death, Brain & Future Prediction, Religion & Afterlife (02:24:15) Life Advice; Time Perception & Gratitude (02:34:35) Zero-Cost Support, YouTube Feedback, Spotify & Apple Reviews, Sponsors, Momentous, Social Media, Neural Network Newsletter Title Card Photo Credit: Mike Blabac Disclaimer

Calling all relentless go-getters, ambitious overachievers, and self-proclaimed perfectionists! If you've ever found yourself striving for the unattainable, scrutinizing every detail, and battling your inner critic, then this episode is your compass to navigate the tumultuous seas of perfectionism.In this episode, Dr. Stephanie sits down with Dr. Thomas Curran, a distinguished psychology professor at the London School of Economics and the mastermind behind a trailblazing study heralded by the BBC as the first to unravel perfectionism across generations. Brace yourself for an enlightening conversation as Dr. Curran, the author of "The Perfection Trap," imparts his profound insights to liberate you from the shackles of your own expectations.Watch on YouTube at https://youtu.be/5OomVrOhdmALinks for this episode:Website: https://www.thomascurran.co.ukThe Perfection Trap: Embracing the Power of Good Enough https://amzn.to/3Oxv3BwTedTalk: Our dangerous obsession with perfectionism is getting worse https://www.ted.com/talks/thomas_curran_our_dangerous_obsession_with_perfectionism_is_getting_worse?language=enEasterlin Paradox: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Easterlin_paradoxEpisode Overview:0:00:41 The Culture of Perfectionism and its Impact0:08:16 The Susceptibility and Heritability of Perfectionism0:11:01 Society's celebration of work ethic and perfectionistic ideals0:13:43 The root of society's desire for perfection and the impact on individuals0:19:08 Formation of Perfectionism in Adolescence0:22:29 Perfectionism and Fear of Failure0:28:34 Embracing Being Average in a World of Excessive Achievement0:32:12 The Easterlin Paradox and the Relativity of Happiness0:36:02 The Link Between Economic Growth and Standard of Living0:39:18 Alternative Metrics for Success: Happiness and Well-being0:43:52 Embracing Death: A Cultural Perspective on Happiness0:44:30 Embracing the Light and Shadow Sides of Ourselves0:48:02 Challenging Perfectionism and Showing Vulnerability0:50:35 Acceptance of Self and the Imperfect World0:53:35 The Lie of Perfectionism0:58:31 Moderation in Growth Mindset for a Balanced Life1:00:28 Legal and Medical Disclaimer: General Information OnlyWe'd like to thank our sponsors:Begin your transformation with CAROL Bike today and enjoy $100 off using promo code BETTER at www.carolbike.com

Brian Boutwell is a professor of criminal justice at the University of Mississippi who specializes in “quantitative genetics, with a focus on environmental and psychological risk factors for antisocial and violent behavior.” He has a TED talk, numerous articles in Quillette, and has been published in many journals. Here we discuss his upcoming meta-analysis on twin studies soon to be published in Nature. We discuss the following two articles: Behavioural genetic methods by Willoughby, Polderman, and Boutwell in Nature. Meta-analysis of the heritability of human traits based on fify years of twin studies by Polderman, etc. in Nature. --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/four-strands/message Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/four-strands/support

Já aconteceu de você, de alguma forma, se reconhecer na pessoa pela qual sente atração? E, ao mesmo tempo, o inverso? Como se fossem opostos um do outro? Afinal, a gente sente atração por pessoas parecidas com a gente?Confira o papo entre o leigo curioso, Ken Fujioka, e o cientista PhD, Altay de Souza.> OUÇA (52min 57s)*Naruhodo! é o podcast pra quem tem fome de aprender. Ciência, senso comum, curiosidades, desafios e muito mais. Com o leigo curioso, Ken Fujioka, e o cientista PhD, Altay de Souza.Edição: Reginaldo Cursino.http://naruhodo.b9.com.br*PARCERIA: ALURAAprofunde-se de vez: garantimos conhecimento com profundidade e diversidade, para se tornar um profissional em T - incluindo programação, front-end, data science, devops, ux & design, mobile, inovação & gestão.Navegue sua carreira: são mais de 1300 cursos e novos lançamentos toda semana, além de atualizações e melhorias constantes.Conteúdo imersivo: faça parte de uma comunidade de apaixonados por tudo que é digital. Mergulhe na comunidade Alura.Aproveite o desconto para ouvintes Naruhodo no link:https://alura.tv/naruhodo*REFERÊNCIASIs Spousal Similarity for Personality A Matter of Convergence or Selection?https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2992433/Westermarck, Freud, and the Incest Taboo: Does Familial Resemblance Activate Sexual Attraction?https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0146167210377180Mate choice and friendship in twins: evidence for genetic similarityhttps://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16008789/Exposure effects in the classroom: The development of affinity among studentshttps://www.researchgate.net/publication/222608863_Exposure_effects_in_the_classroom_The_development_of_affinity_among_studentsCase Closed: Famous Royals Suffered From Hemophiliahttps://www.science.org/content/article/case-closed-famous-royals-suffered-hemophiliaAssortative mating for human height: A meta-analysishttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/ajhb.22917Genetic evidence of assortative mating in humanshttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41562-016-0016Assortative mating and the evolution of desirability covariationhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1090513818303155?casa_token=iupDIP5wffsAAAAA:H8_D7vetN1WlFGCgcj3Wqt0vdhIeq7C_CVAmj-NkC-SviGDeXLt1Wnp9rdneIsosoCJbWRpgjfMEstimates of the Heritability of Human Longevity Are Substantially Inflated due to Assortative Matinghttps://academic.oup.com/genetics/article/210/3/1109/5931081Genetic footprints of assortative mating in the Japanese populationhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41562-022-01438-zThe mechanism of assortative mating for educational attainment: a study of Finnish and Dutch twins and their spouseshttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fgene.2023.1150697/fullA model for co-occurrent assortative mating and vertical cultural transmission and its impact on measures of genetic associationshttps://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.08.536101v1.abstractGenetic similarity between relatives provides evidence on the presence and history of assortative matinghttps://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.27.546663v1.abstractInvestigating assortative mating processes inside Internet-dating-service settingshttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/JSM-09-2021-0331/full/html?casa_token=ha9PcauZs-4AAAAA:BbKm_eIi0FthFxSqgClZyecQPukUVQ1w-aomg_ctrdKvwmJlQoRBz6uoI4obnqSVsdu_IoleSYNdjQjDrFZBp05jeTsMd3EvOxAWj5tZDFbXEUjwDd_JTrends in Assortative Mating and Offspring Outcomeshttps://academic.oup.com/ej/article/133/651/928/6726629Children of immigrants: Racial assortative mating and the transition to adulthoodhttps://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00324728.2023.2174268?casa_token=_6c0VLt6i24AAAAA%3A1btONtZSC8Gmq01OU8rZH2KUujb4_FIIEeG9xY_BYdz-esX2CyPI_ICvAonmge6hEMItL4whfdqZKAEvidence for odour-mediated assortative mating in humans: The impact of hormonal contraception and artificial fragrancehttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0031938418311995?casa_token=fh3zL6YQhdcAAAAA:aOO2Rkx_gNb1an8Je1ZkIedxV_WuSp4kQmliwJqE7QhoThMAfbLeyWqywoef-STFLCTIt-VOCrQAssortative mating and the evolution of desirability covariationhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1090513818303155?casa_token=DOWrg6L4tdQAAAAA:bBq-JnDZ2BA6BQ_Tb1qAtq9sHNdHO_eFdTNfOgRcUTkwsiuf0ut7N-5M0L2N9YGhs33wLGhqMMwPreference for Facial Self-Resemblance and Attractiveness in Human Mate Choicehttps://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10508-010-9723-zAssortative Mating in Man: A Cooperative Studyhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/2331510?origin=crossrefTrends and Variation in Assortative Mating: Causes and Consequenceshttps://www.annualreviews.org/doi/10.1146/annurev-soc-071312-145544Ernesto Rene Sang - Estilos de apego e etniahttps://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/47/47132/tde-09122009-090950/publico/TeseSANG.pdf ilha das flores completohttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hh6ra-18mY8Why men and boys are struggling | Richard Reeveshttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xmw_1wfUmFsNaruhodo #75 - Cada pessoa tem um cheiro diferente?https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=whOteWgc5OoNaruhodo #382 - Quem ama o feio bonito lhe parece?https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xI_DO_epNMgNaruhodo #70 - Existe amor à primeira vista?https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=76pd3mDwg0gNaruhodo #92 - Como funciona a "química" entre duas pessoas?https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EtB7qEoNrIUNaruhodo #289 - Ficamos parecidos com nossos pais quando envelhecemos?https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3U1fq9CSak0Naruhodo #178 - O que é ser normal?https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UY-AEqU59xY*APOIE O NARUHODO PELA PLATAFORMA ORELO!Um aviso importantíssimo: o podcast Naruhodo agora está no Orelo: https://bit.ly/naruhodo-no-oreloE é por meio dessa plataforma de apoio aos criadores de conteúdo que você ajuda o Naruhodo a se manter no ar.Você escolhe um valor de contribuição mensal e tem acesso a conteúdos exclusivos, conteúdos antecipados e vantagens especiais.Além disso, você pode ter acesso ao nosso grupo fechado no Telegram, e conversar comigo, com o Altay e com outros apoiadores.E não é só isso: toda vez que você ouvir ou fizer download de um episódio pelo Orelo, vai também estar pingando uns trocadinhos para o nosso projeto.Então, baixe agora mesmo o app Orelo no endereço Orelo.CC ou na sua loja de aplicativos e ajude a fortalecer o conhecimento científico.https://bit.ly/naruhodo-no-orelo

Paul and David step away from the study of psychological universals to discuss the ways in which we are different from one another. What is our best theory of personality? How is personality assessed? Do personality tests predict behavior? What does it mean to be intelligent? Do IQ tests measure anything important? What sorts of things does IQ predict? Are there multiple intelligences? Finally we dip our toes into behavioral genetics. What is heritability? How heritable are psychological traits? Finally, can parents really shape the personality or IQ of their children? Read the book that inspired the podcast: "Psych: The Story of the Human Mind (https://amzn.to/3YoZDAa)" [amazon.com] Email us with your psychology questions for a future episode!: askpsychpod@gmail.com

Gavin Douglas and colleagues published a paper assessing microbiome research and assertions that the human microbiome explains missing heritability in nature. He discusses this issue and explains What are classic ways of understanding genetic variation in humans and how recently microbiome research has entered this understanding, What the holobiont model is and how it involves claims regarding the microbiome and missing heritability in nature, and How their paper views the microbiome as more of potential element in genetic variation in humans and necessitates more consideration regarding how to integrate it outside of the strict, holobiont model. Gavin Douglas is a PhD Candidate in the Langille Lab in the Deptartment of Microbiology and Immunology at Dalhousie University. His background is in human genetics and he has just published an intriguing paper called “Re-evaluating the relationship between missing heritability and the microbiome” in the journal Microbiome. He helps listeners understand the basics regarding the issue by explaining heritability as the proportion of variation in a phenotype in a given population explained by genetic variance. He offers more background to this standard and then explains the “case of the missing heritability,” which basically indicates the variation that isn't explained.  Several hypotheses have emerged to explain this missing heritability, several of which are tied to the human microbiome. He describes how, for example, a holobiont model of a human organism puts forward a hologenome—a combined genome that includes the microbiome and might capture the missing heritability. The article discusses this theory and points out ways it doesn't quite fit. For example, the holobiont doesn't present a combined evolutionary unit that transmits over generations. But he does think the microbiome plays a role in this mystery. He explains how and why and different ways scientists use these ideas.  For more, follow him on twitter as @gavin_m_douglas and read the open-access paper here: Re-evaluating the relationship between missing heritability and the microbiome. Available on Apple Podcasts: apple.co/2Os0myK

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.04.19.537270v1?rss=1 Authors: Pan, R., Dickie, E. W., Hawco, C., Reid, N., Voineskos, A. N., Park, J. Y. Abstract: Clusterwise inference is a popular approach in neuroimaging to increase sensitivity, but {most existing methods are} currently restricted to the General Linear Model (GLM) for testing mean parameters. Statistical methods for variance components testing, which are critical in neuroimaging studies that involve estimation of narrow-sense heritability or test-retest reliability, are seriously underdeveloped due to methodological and computational challenges, which would potentially lead to low power. We propose a fast and powerful test for variance components called CLEAN-V ('CLEAN' for testing 'V'ariance components). CLEAN-V models the global spatial dependence structure of imaging data and computes a locally powerful variance component test statistic by data-adaptively pooling neighborhood information. Correction for multiple comparisons is achieved by permutations to control family-wise error rate (FWER). Through analysis of task-fMRI data from the Human Connectome Project across five tasks {and comprehensive data-driven simulations}, we show that CLEAN-V outperforms existing methods in detecting test-retest reliability and narrow-sense heritability with significantly improved power, with the detected areas aligning with activation maps. The computational efficiency of CLEAN-V also speaks of its practical utility, and it is available as an R package. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

You've probably heard about the rising rates of both autism and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults. Is there any truth to all the talk about an overlap between the two? You can probably tell by the title that, yes, there is! Topics discussed also include:The three presentations or subtypes of ADHDDifferences between ADHD in kids versus ADHD in adultsSome of the main differences and similarities between "ADHDers" and autistic folksWhy some experts think that ADHD is a form of autismIf you'd like to know more about topics discussed in this episode, check out: "Heritability of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Adults" by Isabell Brikell et al."Overlap Between Autism Spectrum Disorders and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Searching for Distinctive/Common Clinical Features" by Francesco Craig et al."The Impact of the Comorbidity of ASD and ADHD on Social Impairment" by Christina Harkins et al."Co-occurrence of ASD and ADHD Traits in an Adult Population" by Maria Panagiotidi et al."Trait-Based Dimensions Discriminating Adults With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), and Co-occurring ADHD/ASD" by Artemios Pehlivanidis et al.Episode intro and outro music: "Sigma" by Crystal Shards Support the showThe Other Autism theme music: "Everything Feels New" by Evgeny Bardyuzha. All episodes written and produced by Kristen Hovet.If you would like to submit a question to possibly be answered in a future episode, please email kristen.hovet@gmail.comBecome a supporter of the show for as little as $3 a month!The Other Autism podcast on InstagramThe Other Autism podcast on FacebookBuy me a coffee!For transcripts, go to The Other Autism on Buzzsprout, click on an episode and then click on "Transcript" to the right of "Show Notes".

Welcome to The Nonlinear Library, where we use Text-to-Speech software to convert the best writing from the Rationalist and EA communities into audio. This is: Heritability, Behaviorism, and Within-Lifetime RL, published by Steven Byrnes on February 2, 2023 on LessWrong. I'm a firm subscriber to both: (A) The theory that people's personalities are significantly predictable from their genes, and mostly independent of how their parents raised them (at least within the typical distribution, i.e. leaving aside cases of flagrant abuse and neglect etc.). See e.g. popular expositions of this theory by Judith Harris or by Bryan Caplan for the fine print. (B) The theory that we should think of people's beliefs and goals and preferences developing via within-lifetime learning, and more specifically via within-lifetime Model-based Reinforcement Learning (details), with randomly-initialized (“learning-from-scratch”) world-model and value function. I feel like there's an idea in the air that these two beliefs are contradictory. For example, one time someone politely informed me that (A) is true and therefore obviously (B) must be false. Needless to say, I don't think they're contradictory. Indeed, I think that (B) naturally implies (A). But I admit that they sorta feel contradictory. Why do they feel that way? I think because: (A) is sorta vaguely affiliated with cognitive science, evolutionary psychology, etc. (B) is sorta vaguely affiliated with B.F. Skinner-style behaviorism, .and those two schools-of-thought are generally considered to be bitter enemies. In this short post I want to explain why we should put aside that baggage and see (A) & (B) as natural allies. Two dubious steps to get from (B) to Behaviorism Here's the fleshed-out argument as I see it: I'll go through the two dubious steps in the opposite order. Dubious step #1: “No more learning / unlearning after the kid grows up” Here are two stories: “RL with continuous learning” story: The person has an internal reward function in their head, and over time they'll settle into the patterns of thought & behavior that best tickle their internal reward function. If they spend a lot of time in the presence of their parents, they'll gradually learn patterns of thought & behavior that best tickle their innate internal reward function in the presence of their parents. If they spend a lot of time hanging out with friends, they'll gradually learn patterns of thought & behavior that best tickle their innate internal reward function when they're hanging out with friends. As adults in society, they'll gradually learn patterns of thought & behavior that best tickle their innate internal reward function as adults in society. “RL learn-then-get-stuck” story: The kid learns patterns of thoughts & behavior in childhood, and then sticks with those patterns for the rest of their lives no matter what. Claim: I think the “RL with continuous learning” story, not the “RL learn-then-get-stuck” story, is how we should generally be thinking about things. At least in humans. (Probably also in non-human animals, but that's off-topic.) I am not making a strong statement that the “RL learn-then-get-stuck” story is obviously and universally wrong and stupid nonsense. Indeed, I think there are edge cases where the “learn-then-get-stuck” story is true. For example, childhood phobias can sometimes persist into adulthood, and certainly childhood regional accents do. Some related discussion is at Scott Alexander's blog post “Trapped priors”. Instead, I think we should mainly believe the “RL with continuous learning” story for empirical reasons: Heritability studies: See top. More specifically, note that (IIRC) parenting style can have some effect on what a kid believes and how they behave while a child, but these effects fade out when the kid grows up. Culture shifts: Culture shifts are in fact possible, contrary to the “RL learn-then-get-stuck” story. For example, almost everybody in the USA opposed gay marria...

On today's ID the Future, Your Designed Body co-author and systems engineer Steve Laufmann continues his conversation with host and neurosurgeon Michael Egnor. In this episode, Laufmann reviews four causal factors involved in Darwin's theory of evolution, and explains why they lack the power to generate life's great variety of forms. To dive deeper into his argument, check out Laufmann's new book co-authored with physician Howard Glicksman. Source

Alexander Young is a researcher at the UCLA Anderson School of Management Genomics Department and School of Medicine's Human Genetics Department, working with the Social Science Genetic Association Consortium (SSGAC). He studies the genetics of cognitive ability and educational attainment, with a particular focus on developing methods to uncover true measures of heritability for important traits.Richard and Alexander talk about why siblings are so useful for this purpose, in the midst of a larger overview of the history of behavioral genetics and modern methods. Twin and adoption studies show much higher levels of heritability than genome wide association studies (GWAS). Why might this be the case? Different theories are discussed, along with ways to solve seeming discrepancies.The conversation goes on to cover the societal relevance of Alexander's work, and attempts to isolate research on genes and cognitive ability within the academy.Listen in podcast form or watch on YouTube:Links:* Alexander's Twitter account.* Alexander Young, “Solving the Missing Heritability Problem.”* Alexander Young and co-authors, “Deconstructing the Sources of Genotype-Phenotype Associations in Humans.”* James Lee, “Don't Even Go There.” Get full access to Center for the Study of Partisanship and Ideology at www.cspicenter.com/subscribe

If one of your family members has a mental illness, does that mean you're more likely to have it too? Can you inherit a mental illness from a parent? If your mom has, let's say, social anxiety disorder, and you do too, does that mean that she passed it down genetically or that because she didn't take you out much, and you watched her being nervous around other people- that you learned to be anxious around other people? In this podcast we're going to talk about heritability estimates- what the research has to tell us about how much genes contribute to mental health. You'll learn which disorders have the highest rates of heritability and how understanding this can help you make better choices. Looking for affordable online counseling? My sponsor, BetterHelp, connects you to a licensed professional from the comfort of your own home. Try it now for 10% off your first month: https://betterhelp.com/therapyinanutshell Learn more in one of my in-depth mental health courses: https://courses.therapyinanutshell.com/?utm_medium=YTDescription&utm_source=Podcast Support my mission on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/therapyinanutshell Sign up for my newsletter: https://www.therapyinanutshell.com?utm_medium=YTDescription&utm_source=Podcast Check out my favorite self-help books: https://kit.co/TherapyinaNutshell/best-self-help-books Therapy in a Nutshell and the information provided by Emma McAdam are solely intended for informational and entertainment purposes and are not a substitute for advice, diagnosis, or treatment regarding medical or mental health conditions. Although Emma McAdam is a licensed marriage and family therapist, the views expressed on this site or any related content should not be taken for medical or psychiatric advice. Always consult your physician before making any decisions related to your physical or mental health. In therapy I use a combination of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, Systems Theory, positive psychology, and a bio-psycho-social approach to treating mental illness and other challenges we all face in life. The ideas from my videos are frequently adapted from multiple sources. Many of them come from Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, especially the work of Steven Hayes, Jason Luoma, and Russ Harris. The sections on stress and the mind-body connection derive from the work of Stephen Porges (the Polyvagal theory), Peter Levine (Somatic Experiencing) Francine Shapiro (EMDR), and Bessel Van Der Kolk. I also rely heavily on the work of the Arbinger institute for my overall understanding of our ability to choose our life's direction. And deeper than all of that, the Gospel of Jesus Christ orients my personal worldview and sense of security, peace, hope, and love https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/comeuntochrist/believe If you are in crisis, please contact the National Suicide Prevention Hotline at https://suicidepreventionlifeline.org/ or 1-800-273-TALK (8255) or your local emergency services. Copyright Therapy in a Nutshell, LLC

Welcome to BCI Cattle Chat!  Please click on any links below to be taken to sources mentioned in the podcast. Keep an eye out for news regarding the podcast on Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram. 1:30 High Number of Cows Going to Market 6:15 Winter Pasture Management 14:12 Heritability & Accuracy: Impact on EPD Interpretation  … Continue reading Cows Going to Market, Winter Pasture Management, Heritability & Accuracy

------------------Support the channel------------ Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/thedissenter PayPal: paypal.me/thedissenter PayPal Subscription 1 Dollar: https://tinyurl.com/yb3acuuy PayPal Subscription 3 Dollars: https://tinyurl.com/ybn6bg9l PayPal Subscription 5 Dollars: https://tinyurl.com/ycmr9gpz PayPal Subscription 10 Dollars: https://tinyurl.com/y9r3fc9m PayPal Subscription 20 Dollars: https://tinyurl.com/y95uvkao ------------------Follow me on--------------------- Twitter: https://twitter.com/TheDissenterYT This show is sponsored by Enlites, Learning & Development done differently. Check the website here: http://enlites.com/ Dr. Ryutaro Uchiyama is a Research Fellow at Nanyang Technological University, Singapore. His research interests include cultural evolution, cognitive plasticity, and developmental psychobiology. In this episode, we talk about the cultural evolution of genetic heritability. Dr. Uchiyama explains the cultural psychobiological framework. We talk about aspects of behavior genetics that get reframed in this framework, like heritability, the environment, gene-environment interactions, and gene-environment correlations. We discuss issues with the generalizability of genetic effects across societies and across time, and predicting how heritability should differ between societies, between socioeconomic levels, and other groupings within the same society. We get into the specific example of IQ, and the Flynn effect. We also talk a bit about personality variation across societies, and limitations with the Big Five personality inventory. -- A HUGE THANK YOU TO MY PATRONS/SUPPORTERS: KARIN LIETZCKE, ANN BLANCHETTE, PER HELGE LARSEN, LAU GUERREIRO, JERRY MULLER, HANS FREDRIK SUNDE, BERNARDO SEIXAS, HERBERT GINTIS, RUTGER VOS, RICARDO VLADIMIRO, CRAIG HEALY, OLAF ALEX, PHILIP KURIAN, JONATHAN VISSER, JAKOB KLINKBY, ADAM KESSEL, MATTHEW WHITINGBIRD, ARNAUD WOLFF, TIM HOLLOSY, HENRIK AHLENIUS, JOHN CONNORS, PAULINA BARREN, FILIP FORS CONNOLLY, DAN DEMETRIOU, ROBERT WINDHAGER, RUI INACIO, ARTHUR KOH, ZOOP, MARCO NEVES, COLIN HOLBROOK, SUSAN PINKER, PABLO SANTURBANO, SIMON COLUMBUS, PHIL KAVANAGH, JORGE ESPINHA, CORY CLARK, MARK BLYTH, ROBERTO INGUANZO, MIKKEL STORMYR, ERIC NEURMANN, SAMUEL ANDREEFF, FRANCIS FORDE, TIAGO NUNES, BERNARD HUGUENEY, ALEXANDER DANNBAUER, FERGAL CUSSEN, YEVHEN BODRENKO, HAL HERZOG, NUNO MACHADO, DON ROSS, JONATHAN LEIBRANT, JOÃO LINHARES, OZLEM BULUT, NATHAN NGUYEN, STANTON T, SAMUEL CORREA, ERIK HAINES, MARK SMITH, J.W., JOÃO EIRA, TOM HUMMEL, SARDUS FRANCE, DAVID SLOAN WILSON, YACILA DEZA-ARAUJO, IDAN SOLON, ROMAIN ROCH, DMITRY GRIGORYEV, TOM ROTH, DIEGO LONDOÑO CORREA, YANICK PUNTER, ADANER USMANI, CHARLOTTE BLEASE, NICOLE BARBARO, ADAM HUNT, PAWEL OSTASZEWSKI, AL ORTIZ, NELLEKE BAK, KATHRINE AND PATRICK TOBIN, GUY MADISON, GARY G HELLMANN, SAIMA AFZAL, ADRIAN JAEGGI, NICK GOLDEN, PAULO TOLENTINO, JOÃO BARBOSA, JULIAN PRICE, EDWARD HALL, HEDIN BRØNNER, DOUGLAS P. FRY, FRANCA BORTOLOTTI, GABRIEL PONS CORTÈS, URSULA LITZCKE, DENISE COOK, SCOTT, ZACHARY FISH, TIM DUFFY, TRADERINNYC, TODD SHACKELFORD, AND SUNNY SMITH! A SPECIAL THANKS TO MY PRODUCERS, YZAR WEHBE, JIM FRANK, ŁUKASZ STAFINIAK, IAN GILLIGAN, LUIS CAYETANO, TOM VANEGDOM, CURTIS DIXON, BENEDIKT MUELLER, VEGA GIDEY, THOMAS TRUMBLE, AND NUNO ELDER! AND TO MY EXECUTIVE PRODUCERS, MICHAL RUSIECKI, ROSEY, JAMES PRATT, MATTHEW LAVENDER, SERGIU CODREANU, AND BOGDAN KANIVETS!

Welcome to The Nonlinear Library, where we use Text-to-Speech software to convert the best writing from the Rationalist and EA communities into audio. This is: The heritability of human values: A behavior genetic critique of Shard Theory, published by Geoffrey Miller on October 20, 2022 on The Effective Altruism Forum. Overview (TL;DR): Shard Theory is a new approach to understanding the formation of human values, which aims to help solve the problem of how to align advanced AI systems with human values (the ‘AI alignment problem'). Shard Theory has provoked a lot of interest and discussion on LessWrong, AI Alignment Forum, and EA Forum in recent months. However, Shard Theory incorporates a relatively Blank Slate view about the origins of human values that is empirically inconsistent with many studies in behavior genetics indicating that many human values show heritable genetic variation across individuals. I'll focus in this essay on the empirical claims of Shard Theory, the behavior genetic evidence that challenges those claims, and the implications for developing more accurate models of human values for AI alignment. Introduction: Shard Theory as an falsifiable theory of human values The goal of the ‘AI alignment' field is to help future Artificial Intelligence systems become better aligned with human values. Thus, to achieve AI alignment, we might need a good theory of human values. A new approach called “Shard Theory” aims to develop such a theory of how humans develop values. My goal in this essay is to assess whether Shard Theory offers an empirically accurate model of human value formation, given what we know from behavior genetics about the heritability of human values. The stakes here are high. If Shard Theory becomes influential in guiding further alignment research, but if its model of human values is not accurate, then Shard Theory may not help improve AI safety. These kinds of empirical problems are not limited to Shard Theory. Many proposals that I've seen for AI ‘alignment with human values' seem to ignore most of the research on human values in the behavioral and social sciences. I've tried to challenge this empirical neglect of value research in four previous essays for EA Forum, on the heterogeneity of value types in humans individuals, the diversity of values across individuals, the importance of body/corporeal values, and the importance of religious values. Note that this essay is a rough draft of some preliminary thoughts, and I welcome any feedback, comments, criticisms, and elaborations. In future essays I plan to critique Shard Theory from the perspectives of several other fields, such as evolutionary biology, animal behavior research, behaviorist learning theory, and evolutionary psychology. Background on Shard Theory Shard Theory has been developed mostly by Quintin Pope (a computer science Ph.D. student at Oregon State University) and Alex Turner (a post-doctoral researcher at the Center for Human-Compatible AI at UC Berkeley). Over the last few months, they posted a series of essays about Shard Theory on LessWrong.com, including this main essay here , ‘The shard theory of human values' (dated Sept 3, 2022), plus auxiliary essays such as: ‘Human values & biases are not accessible to the genome' (July 7, 2022), ‘Humans provide an untapped wealth of evidence about alignment' (July 13, 2022), ‘Reward is not the optimizer' (July 24, 2022), and ‘Evolution is a bad analogy for AGI: Inner alignment' (Aug 13, 2022). [This is not a complete list of their Shard Theory writings; it's just the set that seems most relevant to the critiques I'll make in this essay.] Also, David Udell published this useful summary: ‘Shard Theory: An overview' (Aug 10, 2022). There's a lot to like about Shard Theory. It takes seriously the potentially catastrophic risks from AI. It understands that ‘AI alignment with human values' requires some fairly well-developed notions about where human values come from, what they're for, a...

赵志磊，康奈尔大学神经生物学博士后蚊子有多烦人呢？试想夏日晚风，你躺在床上正要睡着，这时候传来“嗡～～～”，这恐怕是很多人的噩梦。它会嚣叫着飞到你身边，不经意地咬你一口，然后迅速躲闪。蚊子为什么这么爱咬人？为什么它们即使在黑夜里也能精准地识别到哪里有人？赵志磊研究了6年蚊子。他发现蚊子的大脑是靠气味区分人和其他动物的。那么人和动物的气味有什么不一样？蚊子如何分辨这些气味？世界上有3500多种蚊子， 专门咬人的蚊子其实不足10种，这些蚊子是怎么进化出对人类的“偏爱”呢？为什么有的人容易被蚊子咬？除此之外，蚊子还会传播病毒。新冠会通过蚊子传播吗？我们要不要消灭蚊子？一个没有蚊子的世界，真的会更好吗？赵志磊将带着他的研究为我们揭开这些问题的谜底。【时间轴】01:37不是所有蚊子都咬人03:59养蚊子和收集气味07:54人类的气味有什么秘密？10:12蚊子的大脑在想什么？给蚊子做开颅手术20:05为什么有的人特别招蚊子？21:20蚊子是慢慢进化成咬人专业户的24:18蚊子的存在有意义吗？【参考文献】[1] Zhao, Z., Zung, J.L., Hinze, A. et al. Mosquito brains encode unique features of human odour to drive host seeking. Nature (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-04675-4[2] Zhao Z, Tian D, McBride C S. Development of a pan-neuronal genetic driver in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes[J]. Cell reports methods, 2021, 1(3): 100042.[3] New York Post, http://www.statistica.com; [4] Fernández-Grandon G M, Gezan S A, Armour J A L, et al. Heritability of attractiveness to mosquitoes[J]. PloS one, 2015, 10(4): e0122716.[5] Prasadini M, Dayananda D, Fernando S, et al. Blood feeding preference of female Aedes aegypti mosquitoes for human blood group types and its impact on their fecundity: implications for vector control[J]. Am J Entomol, 2019, 3(2): 43-48.[6] Fukuda S, Fukuda Y, Ishitsuka M, et al. Determination of solar neutrino oscillation parameters using 1496 days of Super-Kamiokande-I data[J]. Physics Letters B, 2002, 539(3-4): 179-187.

Nick talks to genetics researcher & writer Razib Khan. Razib did graduate work in genetics at the University of California-Davis and recently founded a genomics data startup. He also runs a Substack, "Unsupervised Learning," where he writes a lot of fascinating articles on the subjects of human evolutionary & population genetics, personal genomics, and more. Nick and Razib discussed: how the story of human evolution has changed over the past two decades; genomics technology & ancient DNA; Neanderthals, Denisovans & ancient humans; personal genomics (e.g. 23AndMe, Ancestry.com); Razib's experience as a writer on Substack.SUPPORT M&M:Sign up for the free weekly Mind & Matter newsletter:[https://mindandmatter.substack.com/?sort=top]Learn how you can further support the podcast: [https://mindandmatter.substack.com/p/how-to-support-mind-and-matter]Learn more about our podcast sponsor, Dosist[https://dosist.com]ABOUT Nick Jikomes:Nick is a neuroscientist and podcast host. He is currently Director of Science & Innovation at Leafly, a technology startup in the legal cannabis industry. He received a Ph.D. in Neuroscience from Harvard University and a B.S. in Genetics from the University of Wisconsin-Madison.Support the show

In Hoe ben je zo?! onderzoeken we wat de verschillen zijn tussen persoonlijkheidstypes. Maar wat is een persoonlijkheid eigenlijk? Word je ermee geboren of valt er ook nog wat aan te veranderen? En als dat zo is, hoeveel dan? In deze aflevering hoor jij hoeveel jij je eigen persoonlijkheid in de hand hebt en of je al jouw zelfhulpboeken gelijk in de prullenbak kan gooien.Leuk om te lezen en zelftests:Waarom de twee grootste persoonlijkheidstesten nergens op slaanDoe zelf de BigFive Test op Understandmyself.com of de gratis, maar minder goede versie Out of Service.Anders heb je ook nog de Personality Project.En natuurlijk gewoon: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Five_personality_traits (want die is serieus goed en uitgebreid).Voor meer persoonlijkheidsfeitjes en je wekelijkse dosis uninspirational quotes: volg ons op Instagram of TikTokVoor de supernerds out there, een wetenschappelijke verantwoording: - Digman, J. M. (1990). Personality structure: Emergence of the five-factor model. Annual review of psychology, 41(1), 417-440.- Atherton, O. E., Sutin, A. R., Terracciano, A., & Robins, R. W. (2022). Stability and change in the Big Five personality traits: Findings from a longitudinal study of Mexican-origin adults. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 122(2), 337–350. https://doi.org/10.1037/pspp0000385- DeYoung, C. G., Quilty, L. C., & Peterson, J. B. (2007). Between facets and domains: 10 aspects of the Big Five. Journal of personality and social psychology, 93(5), 880.- Fleeson, W., & Gallagher, P. (2009). The implications of Big Five standing for the distribution of trait manifestation in behavior: fifteen experience-sampling studies and a meta-analysis. Journal of personality and social psychology, 97(6), 1097- John, O. P., & Srivastava, S. (1999). The Big-Five trait taxonomy: History, measurement, and theoretical perspectives.- Costa, P. T., & McCrae, R. R. (1992). Revised NEO-Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R) and NEO Five Factor- Furnham, A. (1996). The big five versus the big four: the relationship between the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) and NEO-PI five factor model of personality. Personality and individual differences, 21(2), 303-307.- Boyle, G. J. (1995). Myers‐Briggs type indicator (MBTI): some psychometric limitations. Australian Psychologist, 30(1), 71-74.- Jang, K. L. Livesley, & Vernon, PA (1996). Heritability of the big five personality dimensions and their facets: A twin study. Journal of Personality, 64, 577-591.- Wagner, J., Orth, U., Bleidorn, W., Hopwood, C. J., & Kandler, C. (2020). Toward an integrative model of sources of personality stability and change. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 29(5), 438-444.Zie het privacybeleid op https://art19.com/privacy en de privacyverklaring van Californië op https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

In this episode of the Epigenetics Podcast, we caught up with Marcela Sjöberg from the University of Chile to talk about her work on the hydroxymethylation landscape in immune cells. At the beginning of her career Marcela Sjöberg worked on Polycomb and how modifications placed by this complex modulate the binding of RNA Pol II. Later, her focus shifted to hydroxymethylated cytosine and how it is involved in the inheritance of Metastable Epialleles in mouse. More recently, the laboratory is interested in transcription factor binding motifs and how hydroxymethylation of those binding motifs modulates the binding and activity of the respective transcription factors.   References Sabbattini, P., Sjoberg, M., Nikic, S., Frangini, A., Holmqvist, P.-H., Kunowska, N., Carroll, T., Brookes, E., Arthur, S. J., Pombo, A., & Dillon, N. (2014). An H3K9/S10 methyl-phospho switch modulates Polycomb and Pol II binding at repressed genes during differentiation. Molecular Biology of the Cell, 25(6), 904–915. https://doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e13-10-0628 Kazachenka, A., Bertozzi, T. M., Sjoberg-Herrera, M. K., Walker, N., Gardner, J., Gunning, R., Pahita, E., Adams, S., Adams, D., & Ferguson-Smith, A. C. (2018). Identification, Characterization, and Heritability of Murine Metastable Epialleles: Implications for Non-genetic Inheritance. Cell, 175(5), 1259-1271.e13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2018.09.043 Westoby, J., Herrera, M.S., Ferguson-Smith, A.C. et al. Simulation-based benchmarking of isoform quantification in single-cell RNA-seq. Genome Biol 19, 191 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13059-018-1571-5 Viner, C., Johnson, J., Walker, N., Shi, H., Sjöberg, M., Adams, D. J., Ferguson-Smith, A. C., Bailey, T. L., & Hoffman, M. M. (2016). Modeling methyl-sensitive transcription factor motifs with an expanded epigenetic alphabet [Preprint]. Bioinformatics. https://doi.org/10.1101/043794   Related Episodes The Role of DNA Methylation in Epilepsy (Katja Kobow) DNA Methylation and Mammalian Development (Déborah Bourc'his) Effects of DNA Methylation on Chromatin Structure and Transcription (Dirk Schübeler)   Contact Active Motif on Twitter Epigenetics Podcast on Twitter Active Motif on LinkedIn Active Motif on Facebook Email: podcast@activemotif.com

How long do you want to live? How healthy do you want to be in your later years? For many podcast listeners, healthspan is more important than lifespan, but it's difficult to figure out what–if anything⁠–can stack the deck in your favor. On this week's podcast, we'll meet PhD researcher and author, Morgan Levine, who is actively working to answer these questions.  Listen and learn:  Why exercise is probably the greatest anti-aging tool Metformin and rapamycin: do they work? Human age potential Heritability vs. epigenetics  Links Morgan Levine's Book ABOUT OUR GUEST Morgan Levine was an Assistant Professor in the department of Pathology at Yale University. She now works with Altos Labs, where she leads a research group on bioinformatics, cellular biology, and biostatistics. She is the author of, True Age: Cutting-Edge Research to Help Turn Back the Clock. Like the Show? Leave us a review Check out our YouTube channel Visit www.yogabody.com

Interview with Angelica Ronald, PhD, author of Heritability of Heritability of Psychotic Experiences in Adolescents and Interaction With Environmental Risk . Hosted by John Torous, MD, MBI.

Interview with Angelica Ronald, PhD, author of Heritability of Heritability of Psychotic Experiences in Adolescents and Interaction With Environmental Risk . Hosted by John Torous, MD, MBI.

Huberman Lab Podcast Notes Key Takeaways Manic episodes are the defining criteria of bipolar disorder AKA bipolar depression – not all people with bipolar disorder experience deep depressionTypes of bipolar disorder: (1) Bipolar I – characterized by an extended period of mania (elevated mood, impulse, distractibility, etc.) – the mania is extreme and noticeable to people around; (2) Bipolar II – characterized by swings of hypomania (lessened intensity of mania or shorter duration of mania) and depressive episodesBipolar I presents itself more overtly because of bouts of mania; Bipolar II can duck under the radar because of the intense depressive state and hypomania which might look more normal compared to a depressive stateHeritability of bipolar disorder among the general population is 85% – if someone has bipolar disorder, it's likely they inherited a gene, set of genes, or susceptibility in genes to influences that can trigger bipolar disorderMajor neurological deficits in people with bipolar disorder: (1) lack of internal awareness (interoception); (2) top-down control on overall levels of energy (reduction in connectivity between parietal region and limbic system)Treatment approaches need to be comprehensive and in combination – for example, lithium + talk therapy“It's naïve and in fact, wrong, to say that lifestyle interventions alone are going to prevent especially extreme forms of mania and depression.” – Dr. Andrew HubermanRead the full notes @ podcastnotes.orgIn this episode, I explain the biology, symptoms, causes and types of bipolar disorder (sometimes called bipolar depression). I discuss neuroplasticity and how the brain normally regulates mood, energy, and perceptions; then, I contrast that with the biology of bipolar disorder, which is characterized by extremes of energy and mood, e.g., mania and depression. I outline the mechanisms through which bipolar disorder manifests in the brain, including deficits of interoception and reduced connections between the parietal and limbic systems. I also outline how treatment options (such as lithium) work in part through homeostatic plasticity.' I discuss not only lithium but also the treatment of bipolar with ketamine, different talk therapies, electroconvulsive therapy, transcranial magnetic stimulation, and nutraceuticals, including Omega-3 and Inositol supplementation. This episode should interest anyone who has or knows someone with bipolar disorder and, more broadly, those interested in how the brain works to create a balance between thoughts, energy levels, focus, and mood. Thank you to our sponsors InsideTracker: https://insidetracker.com/huberman ROKA: https://roka.com/huberman Blinkist: https://www.blinkist.com/huberman Supplements from Momentous https://www.livemomentous.com/huberman. For the full show notes, visit hubermanlab.com. Timestamps (00:00:00) Bipolar Disorder (00:02:23) Momentous Supplements (00:03:42) Tool: Appetite Suppression & GLP-1, Parallel Pathways, Yerba Mate (00:10:23) InsideTracker, ROKA, Blinkist (00:14:24) Prevalence & Severity of Bipolar Disorder (00:16:30) Bipolar Disorder I, Diagnostic Criteria of Mania (00:28:58) Bipolar Disorder II, Individual Variability (00:33:07) Bipolar I vs. Bipolar II: Manic, Depressive & Symptom-Free States (00:38:20) Consequences of Bipolar Disorder, Heritability (00:46:53) Bipolar Disorder vs. Borderline Personality Disorder (00:51:51) Mania & Depression, Negative Impacts (00:53:06) History of Lithium Treatment (01:02:44) Lithium Treatment & Side-Effects (01:05:05) Effects of Lithium: BDNF, Anti-inflammatory & Neuroprotection (01:10:10) Neural Circuits of Bipolar Disorder, Interoception, Hyper- vs. Hypoactivity (01:17:11) Neural States & Mania, Parietal Lobe & Limbic System (01:22:58) Homeostatic Plasticity, Synaptic Scaling, Lithium & Ketamine (01:36:00) Talk Therapies: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Family-Focused Therapy, Interpersonal & Social Rhythm Therapy (01:43:18) Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT), Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) (01:48:01) Psylocibin, Cannabis (01:51:50) Lifestyle Support, Supplements: Inositol & Omega-3 Fatty Acids (02:03:31) Omega-3s, Membrane Fluidity & Neuroplasticity (02:06:44) Mania, Creativity & Occupations (02:15:33) Bipolar Disorder: Diagnosis, Neural Circuits & Treatment (02:17:45) Zero-Cost Support, YouTube Feedback, Spotify & Apple Reviews, Sponsors, Momentous Supplements, Instagram, Twitter, Neural Network Newsletter Title Card Photo Credit: Mike Blabac Disclaimer

In this episode, I explain the biology, symptoms, causes and types of bipolar disorder (sometimes called bipolar depression). I discuss neuroplasticity and how the brain normally regulates mood, energy, and perceptions; then, I contrast that with the biology of bipolar disorder, which is characterized by extremes of energy and mood, e.g., mania and depression. I outline the mechanisms through which bipolar disorder manifests in the brain, including deficits of interoception and reduced connections between the parietal and limbic systems. I also outline how treatment options (such as lithium) work in part through homeostatic plasticity.' I discuss not only lithium but also the treatment of bipolar with ketamine, different talk therapies, electroconvulsive therapy, transcranial magnetic stimulation, and nutraceuticals, including Omega-3 and Inositol supplementation. This episode should interest anyone who has or knows someone with bipolar disorder and, more broadly, those interested in how the brain works to create a balance between thoughts, energy levels, focus, and mood. Thank you to our sponsors InsideTracker: https://insidetracker.com/huberman ROKA: https://roka.com/huberman Blinkist: https://www.blinkist.com/huberman Supplements from Momentous https://www.livemomentous.com/huberman. For the full show notes, visit hubermanlab.com. Timestamps (00:00:00) Bipolar Disorder (00:02:23) Momentous Supplements (00:03:42) Tool: Appetite Suppression & GLP-1, Parallel Pathways, Yerba Mate (00:10:23) InsideTracker, ROKA, Blinkist (00:14:24) Prevalence & Severity of Bipolar Disorder (00:16:30) Bipolar Disorder I, Diagnostic Criteria of Mania (00:28:58) Bipolar Disorder II, Individual Variability (00:33:07) Bipolar I vs. Bipolar II: Manic, Depressive & Symptom-Free States (00:38:20) Consequences of Bipolar Disorder, Heritability (00:46:53) Bipolar Disorder vs. Borderline Personality Disorder (00:51:51) Mania & Depression, Negative Impacts (00:53:06) History of Lithium Treatment (01:02:44) Lithium Treatment & Side-Effects (01:05:05) Effects of Lithium: BDNF, Anti-inflammatory & Neuroprotection (01:10:10) Neural Circuits of Bipolar Disorder, Interoception, Hyper- vs. Hypoactivity (01:17:11) Neural States & Mania, Parietal Lobe & Limbic System (01:22:58) Homeostatic Plasticity, Synaptic Scaling, Lithium & Ketamine (01:36:00) Talk Therapies: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Family-Focused Therapy, Interpersonal & Social Rhythm Therapy (01:43:18) Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT), Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) (01:48:01) Psylocibin, Cannabis (01:51:50) Lifestyle Support, Supplements: Inositol & Omega-3 Fatty Acids (02:03:31) Omega-3s, Membrane Fluidity & Neuroplasticity (02:06:44) Mania, Creativity & Occupations (02:15:33) Bipolar Disorder: Diagnosis, Neural Circuits & Treatment (02:17:45) Zero-Cost Support, YouTube Feedback, Spotify & Apple Reviews, Sponsors, Momentous Supplements, Instagram, Twitter, Neural Network Newsletter Title Card Photo Credit: Mike Blabac Disclaimer

Selam fularsızlar. Zeka ve kalıtım konularını konuşmak zor, ama bir deneyelim bakalım. Bugün, zeka kalıtsallığına olan entelektüel direnci, başarı için öne çıkan IQ-dışı bazı etmenleri, kalıtsallığın kalıtımdan farkın ve sadece çevrenin genleri değil, genlerin de çevreyi seçmesini konuşuyoruz. Tüm kısımlar ve kaynaklar aşağıda her zamanki gibi.(Duyuru: Bunca bölümdür devam etmemi sağlayan en önemli şey, Patreon'dan irili ufaklı destek veren sizin gibi dinleyiciler. Bu destek doğrudan bana geliyor, normal reklam gelirleri ise (varsa o ay) yapımcımla paylaşılıyor. Ayrıca patronlara e-kitabım bedava, yoksa da buyrun: Safsatalar Ansiklopedisi Kısaltılmış Edisyon) . Bölümler:(00:55) Zekayı konuşmanın zorluğu.(02:45) Duygusal zeka.(04:00) Grit.(04:45) 10000 saat kuralı.(08:25) Testlerden kurtulmanın beklenmedik etkisi.(09:30) IQ, G, Genel zeka.(12:12) Kalıtsallık nedir.(15:10) Eşitliğin kalıtsallığı arttırması.(16:10) Wilson Etkisi: Zekanın kalıtsallığının değişimi.(18:20) Genlerin çevreyi seçmesi.(20:35) Grup içi farklar vs gruplar arası farklar.(22:25) Bugünün tekrarı.(23:25) Patreon teşekkürleri..Kaynaklar:Makale: Education, Wechsler's Full Scale IQ, and gHaber: Why IQ matters more than gritHaber: Why Emotional Intelligence Is in DeclineKitap: Grit: The Power of Passion and PerseveranceRöportaj: NYT'daki Angela Duckworth röportajıKonuşma: Duckworth'ün TED konuşmasıBlog: 10,000 saat kuralı ve eleştirisiBlog: Grit or Intelligence - Which is More Important for Success?Kişilik özelliklerinin akademik başarıya %4-6 etkisiMakale: The Wilson Effect: The Increase in Heritability of IQ With AgeSee Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

Thanks for tuning in!

In this episode, Jess and Sara finally (Finally!) tackle the basic premise of behavior genetics. We talk about what kinds of research questions you can ask with genetically sensitive designs, describe what heritability is and what it's not, and discuss just how it's possible that scientists can use data from twin pairs to understand how much of the variance in some skill or behavior is due to genes and how much is attributable to the environment. A lot of that estimate depends on just how much genes and environments vary within a twin pair and between twin pairs (see what we did there?). In this episode we talked about: Sara's paper with the figures that Jess describes: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41539-020-00079-z/figures/3 Here's a cool introductory paper written for Frontiers for young minds that covers much of this introductory content: https://kids.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frym.2019.00059 Connect with the podcast on twitter @within_between, or email us letters about developmental science at withinandbetweenpod@gmail.com. More episodes and podcast information at WithinandBetweenPod.com. Follow Dr. Hart on twitter @Saraannhart Follow Dr. Logan on twitter @Jarlogan. Our theme music was composed by Jason Flowers. Our logo was created by Nathan Archer. Recorded November 28, 2021.

Separation Anxiety: Myth Busting with Malena DeMartinihttps://malenademartini.com/ (Malena DeMartini), canine behavior specialist focused on separation anxiety, joins host Laura Reeves for some mythbusting around anxiety, separation anxiety, genetics and heritability of anxieties and fears, and more. “When we're talking with regard to separation anxiety, your dog is not being a jerk,” DeMartini said. “Nor are they being spiteful. Nor are they just angry at you because you're not spending enough time with them. All of that discussion, that is not what's happening. What is happening is so important that we understand from a compassion and empathy standpoint, as well as from a training standpoint. These dogs are panicked. This is a true phobia to being left alone. I want to remind people that, by definition, phobias tend to be rather irrational, or at least irrational to the person that's not experiencing that. It really isn't your fault“Spoiling, and this is how they represent spoiling: letting a dog sleep on the bed, letting a dog on the furniture, giving them lots of treats or feeding them extra goodies, or taking them on car rides with us, all these sorts of activities, which in my head are part of having a family member, none of those things are either causational or correlational for separation anxiety. “When you have a dog with separation anxiety, you are going to get every naysayer in the universe coming after you saying it is your fault … I just want people to absolve themselves from that guilt and no they did not create an animal with separation anxiety by letting him snuggle on the couch.” Don't "feed the beast"DeMartini also offered recommendations on how to not “feed the beast” of a dog's anxiety. “When I talk about nonchalant exits and entries, we have to remember that dogs are masters of discrimination. Yes, they know when we're leaving and so taking an extra five minutes to give them kissy sounds can just put more emphasis on the exit. So, I tell people your dog has figured out that you put on your shoes, you've grabbed your backpack, got your keys in your hand, your dog is fully aware that you're about to leave, you don't have to tell him anything. All in the family?DeMartini provided insight on the genetics and epigenetics of anxiety and fear in dogs, as well. “In the last few years (researchers) have actually identified a haplotype, so sort of a genetic marker, that is specifically in accordance with separation anxiety. Here is the important aspect: just because (a dog has) that particular haplotype, where those genetic markers exist, does not mean that the behavior problem is going to occur. That's where the epigenetics play a role. These are like toggle switches. So that toggle switch may remain off for the lifetime of that animal but there are some environmental influences that could flip that toggle switch. “You can have the most beautiful well-bred dog physically, but if they are suffering from a welfare perspective because of their mental health that's a problem. Behavior modification“Separation anxiety is actually a behavior that is quite modifiable. It's not easy and it takes time, but we can do a lot to optimize dogs for a long-term success in the beginning of their lives. Just because there's that genetic potential predisposition, that doesn't mean that we can't change it. Heritability is not a diagnosis of a permanent state. “Separation anxiety behaviors are evolutionarily appropriate for puppies at a young age. How many of us have seen a puppy cry and the bitch comes back. We've seen it over millions of years of evolution that there is a purpose for vocalization and some of these other behaviors when these pups are really, really young. But the majority of them do grow out of it. If they don't it's become sort of maladaptive. When it becomes maladaptive in a 14 or 16 or 18 week pup, no amount of letting them cry it out and try and get over it is going to help them grow out of it. That... Support this podcast

Michael Shermer is one of the world's most prominent skeptics - founder of The Skeptic Society and editor of its magazine Skeptic. Once a fundamentalist Christian, Michael has spent his career uncovering the workings and causes of our 'Believing Brain'.“Our brains are wired to think more like lawyers than scientists - to win arguments, to bolster what we already believe...”We evolved to discern patterns in the world around us. When our ancestors ate the wrong mushroom, they very quickly learnt to link it to their upset stomach. Discovering patterns is the way humans learn. But humans are sometimes too good at it: we ‘discern' patterns where none exist, and we infuse them with agency.Listen to Michael and Turi discuss the two key evolutionary drivers of belief:Patternicity - our tendency to find patterns in both meaningful and meaningless data.Agenticity - our tendency to infuse patterns with meaning, intention, and agency.And learn more about:The evolutionary origins of beliefWhere conspiracy theories come fromDopamine: the belief drugWhat Twin Studies teach us about the Heritability of beliefHow to keep a healthy mindAnd B.F Skinner's famous pigeon experiment, which shows all animals exist on the belief spectrum.“Belief comes quickly and naturally, skepticism is slow and unnatural, and most people have a low tolerance for ambiguity.”Michael ShermerMichael Shermer is a science writer, historian of science, founder of The Skeptics Society, and editor-in-chief of its magazine Skeptic. He's also the author of The Believing Brain and most recently, Giving the Devil his Due on the free speech wars raging across the West.More on this episodeLearn all about the Parlia Podcast here.Meet Turi Munthe: https://www.parlia.com/u/TuriLearn more about the Parlia project here: https://www.parlia.com/aboutAnd visit us at: https://www.parlia.com See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

Welcome to Sports Med Res’ this week in review podcast where we highlight the news in sports medicine research from the week ending on March 26, 2021. This week’s podcast focused on the long-term wellness of our former athletes. * Our Patients Should Know What to Expect: Long-Term Wellness of Former Collegiate Athletes * Stick to the Plan….and Yes, You Should have a Plan * High genetic contribution to anterior cruciate ligament rupture: Heritability ~69% RSS Feed, Apple Podcasts, or Google Podcast The post Where Will Your Athlete be in 20-50 years? appeared first on Sports Medicine Research.

This week we travel to early 20th century London (and Colorado) with The Prestige! Join us to learn about twins, Colorado Springs, Tesla, the weird story of Chung Ling Soo, and more! Sources: Twins: Brian Resznick https://www.vox.com/2018/4/10/17218782/identical-twins-days-bond-science-twinsburg Drunk History (UK) "How the Kray Twins Were Caught" The Krays: Myth Behind the Legend Amazon Prime Video Hilton Als, "We Two Made One," The New Yorker (4 December 2000). https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2000/12/04/we-two-made-one Rose Eveleth, "Twins Spend Their Whole Lives Trying to be Different From One Another," Smithsonian Magazine (24 January 2014). https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/study-confirms-twins-spend-their-whole-lives-trying-be-different-one-another-180949423/ Erika Hayasaki, "Identical Twins Hint at How Environments Change Gene Expression," The Atlantic (15 May 2018). https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2018/05/twin-epigenetics/560189/ Lea Winerman, "A double life," American Psychological Association, Monitor 46:1 (January 2015): 30. https://www.apa.org/monitor/2015/01/double-life "Twins" Psychology Today https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/basics/twins/lives-and-relationships-twins Peter Miller, "A Thing or Two About Twins," National Geographic (January 2012). https://www.nationalgeographic.com/magazine/2012/01/identical-twins-science-dna-portraits/ Lucy Wallis, "Living a conjoined life," BBC News (24 April 2013). https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-22181528 Dehryl A. Mason and Paul J. Frick, "The Heritability of Antisocial Behavior: A Meta-Analysis of Twin and Adoption Studies," Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment 16:4 (1994): 301-323. Colorado Springs: "Colorado Springs" Tesla: Life and Legacy PBS https://www.pbs.org/tesla/ll/ll_colspr.html ; https://www.pbs.org/tesla/ll/ll_warcur.html and https://www.pbs.org/tesla/ll/ll_poevis.html W. Bernard Carlson, Tesla: Inventor of the Electrical Age (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2013). Background: "The Making of "The Prestige"" https://youtu.be/JrTPQU4rJrg Wiki https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Prestige_(film) IMDB https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0482571/ Roger Ebert, "Now you see him...Now you see him!" https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/the-prestige-2007 Rotten Tomatoes https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/prestige Piper Perabo https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piper_Perabo Chung Ling Soo: "The Double Life and Death of Chung Ling Soo," Odd Salon. Available at https://youtu.be/RNM6H0Y1ous William J Turkel and Devon Elliot, "Making and Playing with Models: Using Rabid Prototyping to Explore the History and Technology of Stage Magic," Pastplay: Teaching and Learning History with Technology. University of Michigan Press Christopher Goto-Jones, "Magic, Modernity, and Orientalism: Conjuring Representations of Asia," Modern Asian Studies 48, 6 (2014) Footage of Chung Ling Soo, available at https://youtu.be/fKAfAKSByVQ

A professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology, Greg has theorised interesting genetic ideas such as the 'Kerplunk Model'  and more recently has been influential in coordinating effective Covid testing strategies. Today we talk about the heredity of traits, the importance of robustness in evolution and the current state of scientific publication. Greg also writes a monthly blog called The Genome's Take, which I highly recommend reading.If you are interested in helping The Biotech Podcast please take 30 seconds to take the following survey: https://harry852843.typeform.com/to/caV6cMzGFull Synopsis:00:00 - Intro01:53 - Heritability, and twin studies11:28 - The 'Kerplunk model'19:31 - Environmental effects on genetics22:88 - Model organisms and working with Walter Gehring29:25 - Canalisation and robustness38:38 - Career choices and the future of genetics43:17 - Covid testing regimes51:34 - The problems with scientific publication and publishing preprints 1:02:06 - The Genome's take blog and book recommendations1:05:11 - Extro

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.11.03.366419v1?rss=1 Authors: Vainik, U., Paquola, C., Wang, X., Zheng, Y.-Q., Bernhardt, B., Misic, B., Dagher, A. Abstract: Human brain plastically adapts to environmental demands. Here, we propose that naturally occuring plasticity in certain brain areas should be reflected by higher environmental influence and therefore lower heritability of the structure of those brain areas. Mesulam's (1998) seminal overview proposed a hierarchy of plasticity, where higher-order multimodal areas should be more plastic than lower-order sensory areas. Using microstructural and functional gradients as proxies for Mesulam's hierarchy, we seek to test whether these gradients predict heritability of brain structure. We test this model simultaneously across multiple measures of cortical structure and microstructure derived from structural magnet resonance imaging. We also account for multiple other explanations of heritability differences, such as signal-to-noise ratio and spatial autocorrelation. We estimated heritability of brain areas using 984 participants from the Human Connectome Project. Multi-level modelling of heritability differences demonstrated that heritability is explained by both signal quality, as well as by the primary microstructural gradient. Namely, sensory areas had higher heritability and limbic/heteromodal areas had lower heritability. Given the increasing availability of genetically informed imaging data, heritability could be a quick method assess brain plasticity. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info

Our guest this week is McGIll Master's of Neuroscience candidate, Nadia Blostein, in an episode dedicated to subcortical brain structures, brain imaging, physical features of the brain and its evolution up the phylogenetic tree! You don't want to this delightful interview with a fresh-faced graduate student -- this could be you one day! Bullet Point Topics: Brain Volume + Shape Hippocampus Imaging Techniques - MRI, fMRI, PET Evolutionary Brain Development The science behind nature vs. nurture Subcortical brain structures: striatum, thalamus, global pallidus Phylogenetic tree Trait preservation due to genetic heritability Guest Appearance: Michael Smilovitch (from Ep. 6 - Virtual Reality & Immersion) reading from his "neuropoetry" collection Find his other work on his website: michaelsmilovitch.com Get access to his poetry collection directly here: theblastedtree.com/obscuritysquared-index --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/abstractcast/message

1. I have been a proponent of wholesome eating as the guarantee of good health and optimal weight. The approach has worked great for me, but I am still curious to know if eating high caloric density foods – but within strict daily caloric “budget” – is detrimental to one’s health? I have no cravings or addictions of any sort, it is almost an “academic” question mostly concerning socially inflicted foods like BBQ, wine, cheese, etc. 2. My girlfriend often slips into baby talk — and it grates on my nerves, but I don’t know how to stop it.  Any suggestions? 3.  I’m wondering, why we’re having so many beautiful women in Russia, but much less of handsome men. Is there any explanation? 4.Plomin states that the heritablity of weight is 70%.    Is this statistic a byproduct of our modern food environment and therefore an explanation of the obesity problem?  How would the heritability of weight differ in a stone-age environment?    How would it differ if we measured a cohort from Chef AJ's group?   That word heritability, is also confusing.  Please explain. 5. Whats up with corporate jargon, like "Could you action this item?", buzz words like "synergy", being told to "think outside the box", needlessly fancy job titles and the like. I realize it's bound to be several things: conferring status cheaply, trying to motivate by conveying positivity, obfuscating to avoid concrete promises and cover asses, trying to sound smart and adjusting language use to match the in-group. Am I mistaken or missing anything? Where does this jargon come from -is it perpetuated by business schools or the fanciest companies? Am I penalizing myself significantly if I don't go along with all this BS?

Part two of Oprah’s discussion with Pulitzer Prize-winning writer Isabel Wilkerson and readers about the book, Caste: The Origins of our Discontents. The second episode in the eight-part series focuses on the second pillar of Caste, “Heritability”; the idea that permanent rank in society is inherited and passed down through ancestry. Special guest Academy Award winning actor Forest Whitaker joins the conversation. Oprah and Isabel respond to questions and comments from readers on the second pillar.

Drs Kurt DeVine and Heather Bell discuss the heritability of alcohol use disorder!  Is it “genetic?” How is it “inherited?”  What are the actual studies behind the familial link?  What makes some more susceptible and others seem protected?  To learn more about the doctors as well as keep up with current happenings follow us on twitter: @echocsct and Facebook: @theaddictionconnectionhk  

Drs Kurt DeVine and Heather Bell discuss the heritability of alcohol use disorder!  Is it “genetic?” How is it “inherited?”  What are the actual studies behind the familial link?  What makes some more susceptible and others seem protected?  To learn more about the doctors as well as keep up with current happenings follow us on twitter: @echocsct and Facebook: @theaddictionconnectionhk  

Gavin Douglas and colleagues published a paper assessing microbiome research and assertions that the human microbiome explains missing heritability in nature.  He discusses this issue and explains What are classic ways of understanding genetic variation in humans and how recently microbiome research has entered this understanding, What the holobiont model is and how it involves claims regarding the microbiome and missing heritability in nature, and How their paper views the microbiome as more of potential element in genetic variation in humans and necessitates more consideration regarding how to integrate it outside of the strict, holobiont model. Gavin Douglas is a PhD Candidate in the Langille Lab in the Deptartment of Microbiology and Immunology at Dalhousie University. His background is in human genetics and he has just published an intriguing paper called “Re-evaluating the relationship between missing heritability and the microbiome” in the journal Microbiome. He helps listeners understand the basics regarding the issue by explaining heritability as the proportion of variation in a phenotype in a given population explained by genetic variance. He offers more background to this standard and then explains the “case of the missing heritability,” which basically indicates the variation that isn't explained.  Several hypotheses have emerged to explain this missing heritability, several of which are tied to the human microbiome. He describes how, for example, a holobiont model of a human organism puts forward a hologenome—a combined genome that includes the microbiome and might capture the missing heritability. The article discusses this theory and points out ways it doesn't quite fit. For example, the holobiont doesn't present a combined evolutionary unit that transmits over generations. But he does think the microbiome plays a role in this mystery. He explains how and why and different ways scientists use these ideas.  For more, follow him on twitter as @gavin_m_douglas and read the open-access paper here: Re-evaluating the relationship between missing heritability and the microbiome. Available on Apple Podcasts: apple.co/2Os0myK

This is the third part of this series. What exactly do you want to produce? What are the traits that you most want to improve? How do you decrease the error in selecting rams and bulls? This episode takes you through the decision making steps and the available tools to help you get the best genetics for your farming enterprise. https://www.nextgenagri.com/on-farm-consultinghttps://www.nextgenagri.com/online-courseshttps://members.nextgenagri.com/access-plan

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.08.05.236901v1?rss=1 Authors: Lin, Z., Seal, S., Basu, S. Abstract: SNP heritability of a trait is measured by the proportion of total variance explained by the additive effects of genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Linear mixed models are routinely used to estimate SNP heritability for many complex traits. The basic concept behind this approach is to model genetic contribution as a random effect, where the variance of this genetic contribution attributes to the heritability of the trait. This linear mixed model approach requires estimation of relatedness among individuals in the sample, which is usually captured by estimating a genetic relationship matrix (GRM). Heritability is estimated by the restricted maximum likelihood (REML) or method of moments (MOM) approaches, and this estimation relies heavily on the GRM computed from the genetic data on individuals. Presence of population substructure in the data could significantly impact the GRM estimation and may introduce bias in heritability estimation. The common practice of accounting for such population substructure is to adjust for the top few principal components of the GRM as covariates in the linear mixed model. Here we propose an alternative way of estimating heritability in multi-ethnic studies. Our proposed approach is a MOM estimator derived from the Haseman-Elston regression and gives an asymptotically unbiased estimate of heritability in presence of population stratification. It introduces adjustments for the population stratification in a second-order estimating equation and allows for the total phenotypic variance vary by ethnicity. We study the performance of different MOM and REML approaches in presence of population stratification through extensive simulation studies. We estimate the heritability of height, weight and other anthropometric traits in the UK Biobank cohort to investigate the impact of subtle population substructure on SNP heritability estimation. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.07.30.229914v1?rss=1 Authors: Zhao, B., Li, T., Smith, S. M., Xiong, D., Wang, X., Yang, Y., Luo, T., Zhu, Z., Shan, Y., Hauberg, M. E., Bendl, J., Fullard, J. F., Roussos, P., Lin, W., Li, Y., Stein, J. L., Zhu, H. Abstract: Human brain has a complex functional architecture and remains active during resting conditions. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) measures brain activity at rest, which is closely linked with cognition and clinical outcomes. The role of genetics in human brain function is largely unknown. Here we utilized rsfMRI of 44,190 multi-ethnic individuals (37,339 in the UK Biobank) to discover the common genetic variants influencing intrinsic brain activity. We identified and validated hundreds of novel genetic loci associated with intrinsic functional signatures (P < 2.8 * 10^{-11}), especially for interactions of the central executive, default mode, and salience networks involved in the triple network model of psychopathology. A number of intrinsic brain activity associated loci had been implicated with brain disorders (e.g., Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia) and cognition, such as 17q21.31, 19q13.32, and 2p16.1. Genetic correlation analysis suggested the shared genetic influences among intrinsic brain function, brain structure, and brain structural connectivity. We also detected significant genetic correlations with 26 other complex traits, such as education, cognitive performance, ADHD, major depressive disorder, schizophrenia, sleep, and neuroticism. Heritability of intrinsic brain activity was enriched in brain tissues. The reported risk genes of Alzheimer's disease typically had stronger associations with intrinsic brain activity than brain structure, and the associated genes of intrinsic brain activity were enriched in multiple biological pathways related to nervous system and neuropathology (P < 1.8 * 10^{-9}). Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.07.30.229427v1?rss=1 Authors: Anderson, K. M., Ge, T., Kong, R., Patrick, L. M., Spreng, R. N., Sabuncu, M. R., Yeo, B. T. T., Holmes, A. Abstract: Human cortex is patterned by a complex and interdigitated web of large-scale functional networks. Recent methodological breakthroughs reveal variation in the size, shape, and spatial topography of cortical networks across individuals. While spatial network organization emerges across development, is stable over time, and predictive of behavior, it is not yet clear to what extent genetic factors underlie inter-individual differences in network topography. Here, leveraging a novel non-linear multi-dimensional estimation of heritability, we provide evidence that individual variability in the size and topographic organization of cortical networks are under genetic control. Using twin and family data from the Human Connectome Project (n=1,023), we find increased variability and reduced heritability in the size of heteromodal association networks (h2: M=0.33, SD=0.071), relative to unimodal sensory/motor cortex (h2: M=0.44, SD=0.051). We then demonstrate that the spatial layout of cortical networks is influenced by genetics, using our multi-dimensional estimation of heritability (h2-multi; M=0.14, SD=0.015). However, topographic heritability did not differ between heteromodal and unimodal networks. Genetic factors had a regionally variable influence on brain organization, such that the heritability of network topography was greatest in prefrontal, precuneus, and posterior parietal cortex. Taken together, these data are consistent with relaxed genetic control of association cortices relative to primary sensory/motor regions, and have implications for understanding population-level variability in brain functioning, guiding both individualized prediction and the interpretation of analyses that integrate genetics and neuroimaging. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info

This is the second in our three part series called The heritability of hope.This episode focuses on the hope that in 10 years time we will still be able to farm the same way as we do now. We discuss the need to consider what is likely to change in 10 years and what we should be doing now to start breeding the animals for the future.

The first Head Shepherd podcast, this one is the first of a three part series titled The Heritability of Hope. In this episode, Mark Ferguson discusses the importance of focussing on the consumer when deciding on breeding strategies on livestock farms.

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.05.04.077545v1?rss=1 Authors: Alvarez, I., Finlayson, N. J., Ei, S., de Haas, B., Greenwood, J. A., Schwarzkopf, D. S. Abstract: How much of our visual processing, and thus our visual perception, is inherited? Variations in perceptual judgments of the size of visual objects have been found to correlate with idiosyncratic differences in the spatial sensitivity of primary visual cortex. Here we tested their heritability using retinotopic mapping and psychophysical experiments on size perception. The spatial sensitivity of human visual cortex, quantified by population receptive field analysis, was more similar in monozygotic (MZ) than dizygotic (DZ) twin pairs, especially in extrastriate regions, suggesting a partial genetic determination. Furthermore, inter-individual differences in perceptual bias for size judgments - how large or small stimuli appear to an observer - showed considerable heritability. This contrasts with previously reported idiosyncrasies across visual field quadrants, which showed little evidence of heritability. Our findings are therefore consistent with heritability of broad, eccentricity-dependent properties of visual function and cortical architecture, while quadrant-specific idiosyncrasies appear to lack a genetic basis. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info

This episode covers how to tell the difference between a psychopath and a narcissist, and what causes narcissistic personality disorder. When we use the term psychopath, we're talking about some who has trait psychopathy and when we use the term narcissist, we're talking about someone who has trait narcissism. Narcissism has two types: grandiose and vulnerable. Primary psychopathy has characteristics like being callous, unemotional, pathological lying, being manipulative, and being bold (fearless dominance). Secondary psychopathy has characteristics like being irresponsible, being impulsive, having a need for stimulation, and being involved in activities that could result in arrest. Grandiose narcissism has fantasies of success and power, jealousy, a sense of entitlement, arrogance, and being manipulative. With vulnerable narcissism, we see some of the same characteristics like insecurity, hypersensitivity to criticism, shame, guilt, and sadness.Oftentimes an individual with Narcissistic Personality Disorder wants to be recognized as superior, believes they are so complex and amazing that they can only be understood by special people, has low self-esteem, devalues the contributions of others, and is condescending. Criticism is not well received by most people with Narcissistic Personality Disorder. The prevalence of Narcissistic Personality Disorder is about 1%.Heritability accounts for somewhere between 40% and 65% to the development of NPD. Some structural changes in the brain have also been identified. Experiences in early childhood may also contribute to the development of narcissistic personality disorder. Risk factors include when a child receives excessive praise and also excessive criticism, lack of parental empathy, praise for abilities or appearance instead of other characteristics, and an emphasis on status or achieving success. Other potential ideological factors include emotional abuse and neglect.00:30 - How to Tell the Difference Between a Psychopath and a Narcissist21:00 - What Causes Narcissistic Personality Disorder More Content on Narcissism, Psychopathy, Sociopathy and Antisocial Personality DisorderFor even more, scientifically informed content on psychology and personality check out Dr. Grande's YouTube channelArs Longa MediaTo learn more about or to support Ars Longa Media and this podcast, go to arslonga.media. We welcome your feedback at info@arslonga.media  

The question of autism’s heritability is compelling for researchers and laypeople alike, but many people in both groups misunderstand its definition.

The question of autism’s heritability is compelling for researchers and laypeople alike, but many people in both groups misunderstand its definition.

Im letzten Jahrhundert wurde schon viel darüber diskutiert, ob der Mensch komplett durch seine genetische Anlage bestimmt wird, oder ob wir bei unserer Geburt ein weißes Blatt sind, dass durch Erziehung und Umwelt geformt werden kann. Wir gehen der berühmten Erbe-Umwelt-Debatte auf den Grund und stellen die Zwillingsmethode zur Erforschung der Erblichkeit von menschlichen Eigenschaften auf den Grund. Die Literatur, die wir dafür verwendet haben ist: 1) Sahu, M., & Prasuna, J. G. (2016). Twin studies: A unique epidemiological tool. Indian journal of community medicine: official publication of Indian Association of Preventive & Social Medicine, 41(3), 177., 2) Vukasović, T., & Bratko, D. (2015). Heritability of personality: a meta-analysis of behavior genetic studies. Psychological bulletin, 141(4), 769., 3) das Online Dorsch Lexikon der Psychologie (Hogrefe Verlag), 4) das Online Spektrum Lexikon der Psychologie (Spektrum Verlag)

Thanks to the University of Minnesota for sponsoring this video! http://twin-cities.umn.edu/   Because exercise isn't essential for short-term survival, we don't exercise enough, so we need to reincorporate purposeful physical activity into our lives.   Thanks also to our Patreon patrons https://www.patreon.com/MinuteEarth and our YouTube members. ___________________________________________ To learn more, start your googling with these keywords:  Physical activity - any bodily movement produced by the contraction of skeletal muscle that increases energy expenditure above a basal levelExercise - a form of physical activity that is planned, structured, repetitive, and performed (primarily) with the goal of improving health or fitnessRecommended levels of physical activity (USA) - 150 minutes moderate-intensity or 75 minutes vigorous-intensity aerobic physical activity per week, or an equivalent combination, and muscle-strengthening activities at least 2 days / weekEvolutionary medicine - a field that uses evolutionary theory & data to better understand (the origins of) health & diseaseMismatch conditions - health conditions that are more prevalent or severe today than in the past because the body is inadequately or insufficiently adapted to modern environmental conditions (likely including: cavities, type 2 diabetes, heart disease, osteoporosis) ___________________________________________ If you liked this week’s video, you might also like:  Forget Exercise. For Better Health, We Need Better Cities - https://qz.com/quartzy/1615436/the-solution-to-make-america-physically-active/ Magazine article about why exercise is hard - https://harvardmagazine.com/2016/09/born-to-restOn an individual level, psychology is involved, too: https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/maybe-youd-exercise-more-if-it-didnt-feel-so-crappy/ Americans aren’t getting the message about exercising more & sitting less - https://time.com/5635730/exercise-sitting-data/ What healthy living and fixing climate change have in common - https://www.yaleclimateconnections.org/2019/05/planetary-health-and-12-years-to-act/ The wonder drug that's free - https://bit.ly/2lHAjsIHow to live to be 100+ (TED Talk) - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ff40YiMmVkU _________________________________________ Subscribe to MinuteEarth on YouTube: Support us on Patreon: And visit our website: https://www.minuteearth.com/   Say hello on Facebook: http://goo.gl/FpAvo6 And Twitter: http://goo.gl/Y1aWVC   And download our videos on itunes:  https://goo.gl/sfwS6n ___________________________________________ Credits (and Twitter handles): Script Writer, Editor and Video Narrator: Alex Reich (@alexhreich) Video Illustrator: Arcadi Garcia (@garirius) Video Director: David Goldenberg (@dgoldenberg) With Contributions From: Henry Reich, Kate Yoshida, Ever Salazar, Peter Reich, Julián Gómez, Sarah Berman  Music by: Nathaniel Schroeder:   ___________________________________________   References: Booth, F. W., et al. 2017. Role of inactivity in chronic diseases: evolutionary insight and pathophysiological mechanisms. Physiological reviews, 97(4), 1351-1402. https://bit.ly/2kEl4AyDing, D., et al. 2016. The economic burden of physical inactivity: a global analysis of major non-communicable diseases. The Lancet, 388(10051), 1311-1324. https://bit.ly/2kfGVy8Hoed, M. D., et al. 2013. Heritability of objectively assessed daily physical activity and sedentary behavior. The American journal of clinical nutrition, 98(5), 1317-1325. https://bit.ly/2lNxeHkLee, I. M., et al. 2012. Effect of physical inactivity on major non-communicable diseases worldwide: an analysis of burden of disease and life expectancy. The Lancet, 380(9838), 219-229. https://bit.ly/2ER2cT4Lee, H. H., et al. 2016. The exercise–affect–adherence pathway: an evolutionary perspective. Frontiers in psychology, 7, 1285. https://bit.ly/2maYy2ELewis, B. A., personal communication. May 2019.Lewis, B. A., et al. 2014. A randomized trial examining a physical activity intervention for the prevention of postpartum depression: the healthy mom trial. Mental Health and Physical Activity, 7(1), 42-49. https://bit.ly/2m9Xa0eLieberman, D. E. 2015. Is exercise really medicine? An evolutionary perspective. Current sports medicine reports, 14(4), 313-319. https://bit.ly/2xuQtFURhodes, R. E., et al. 2018. Theories of physical activity behaviour change: A history and synthesis of approaches. Psychology of Sport and Exercise. https://bit.ly/2kaPBpkUS Department of Health & Human Services. 2018. Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans, 2nd edition. Washington, DC. https://bit.ly/2Q1eF09US Department of Health & Human Services. 2018. 2018 Physical activity guidelines advisory committee scientific report. Washington, DC. https://bit.ly/2FmVa9pWHO. 2019. Prevalence of insufficient physical activity. Accessed May 2019. https://bit.ly/2TLLSuw

Welcome to BCI Cattle Chat!  Please click on the links below to be taken to any sources mentioned in the podcast. Keep an eye out for news about our exciting upcoming guests on both Twitter and Facebook. 1:40 Reproductive Heritability 12:15 Bull Selection 20:00 Top Tips to Prepare for Fall Weaning 22:00 Fall Weaning &… Continue reading Reproductive Heritability, Bull Selection, Top Tips to Prepare for Fall Weaning, Fall Weaning & Processing

This week a 5 country collaboration including the largest number of people EVER revealed 80% of the causes of autism are heritable. This is incredibly important to understand autism and move forward with research that matters to families.  What it did not do was calculate the role of gene x environment interactions which seems to […]

Learn how researchers found ancient Neanderthal DNA in human chromosomes. Plus, linguist James Kirby will answer a question about how musicians write songs in tonal languages. In this podcast, Cody Gough and Ashley Hamer discuss the following story from Curiosity.com about how genetecists found Neanderthal DNA in the dark centers of human chromosomes: https://curiosity.im/2xF98kI Want to support our show?Register for the 2019 Podcast Awards and nominate Curiosity Daily to win for People’s Choice, Education, and Science & Medicine. After you register, simply select Curiosity Daily from the drop-down menus (no need to pick nominees in every category): https://curiosity.im/podcast-awards-2019  Download the FREE 5-star Curiosity app for Android and iOS at https://curiosity.im/podcast-app. And Amazon smart speaker users: you can listen to our podcast as part of your Amazon Alexa Flash Briefing — just click “enable” here: https://curiosity.im/podcast-flash-briefing. 

Commentary by Dr. Valentin Fuster

Razib talks to Alexander Young on whether the missing heritability is solved, and what it is in the first place https://pxlme.me/LgByOD37

Heute spricht Prof. Dr. med. Harald Schmidt mit Mariëlle Goossens, Experimentelle Gesundheitspsychologie und Rehabilitationsmedizin, sowie Jeroen de Jong, Kognitiever Verhaltenstherapeut am Universitätsklinikum der Universität Maastricht (MUMC+) und Adelante Reha-Zentrum, zum Thema Rückenschmerzen //   Mariëlle Goossens:marielle.goossens@maastrichtuniversity.nl https://www.caphri.nl/profile/marielle.goossens //   Jeroen de Jong:jeroen.dejong@maastrichtuniversity.nl https://rehabil.mumc.maastrichtuniversity.nl/profile/jeroen.dejong Behandlungserfolge: https://www.mumc.nl/actueel/mumc-tv/specialismen/revalidatie/834316208001-posttraumatische-dystrofie https://www.mumc.nl/actueel/mumc-tv/1156719617001-so-you-can-dance-again-1109-2011 //   Warum ist das Thema wichtig?Rückenschmerzen sind die belastendste nicht-tödliche Erkrankung weltweit und für 11% aller Lebensjahre mit Behinderung verantwortlich. 1 von 10 Menschen ist betroffen. Rückenschmerzen sind 10 mal häufiger als Koronare Herzerkrankung und doppelt so häufig wie Depressionen. Die meisten Rücken-Operationen sind unnötig: http://www.spiegel.de/plus/warum-viele-rueckenoperationen-unnoetig-sind-a-93931a71-7f2e-470c-bbcd-2be2ad380989 https://www.tk.de/presse/themen/medizinische-versorgung/pressemitteilung-ruecken-op-2042876 https://www.ardmediathek.de/ard/player/Y3JpZDovL3dkci5kZS9CZWl0cmFnLTU5MDYxMDNkLTMxZDEtNGEzNi1iOGYzLTZmNmQ0NzhiOWQ3Mw/ //   Vererbbarkeit von Rückenschmerzen32-44%; Heritability and lifestyle factors in chronic low back pain: Results of the Australian Twin Low Back Pain Study (The AUTBACK study): https://rdcu.be/bo8vQ //   Meist keine körperlichen Ursachen Eher Zusammenhang mit psychischem Stress und Unzufriedenheit mit dem Beruf als körperliche Belastung, einer körperlichen Diagnose oder einem bestimmten Ereignis. https://www.thespinejournalonline.com/article/S1529-9430(08)01440-X/pdf //   Stehen statt Sitzen nicht unbedingt ein Vorteil:https://karrierebibel.de/arbeiten-im-stehen/ https://academic-oup-com.ezproxy.ub.unimaas.nl/aje/article/187/1/27/4081581//   Es gibt kein richtiges Bücken oder Heben:https://www.stern.de/gesundheit/populaere-ruecken-irrtuemer-die-maer-vom-richtigen-buecken-und-heben-3493796.html https://www.painscience.com/articles/lifting-technique-is-not-important-for-your-back.php https://www.painscience.com/bibliography.php?nolan17 Rückenschmerzen werden erlernt und unnötig chronifiziertSchmerz ist vorhanden wird aber falsch interpretiert und falsch mit umgegangen was zu unnötiger Angst, Schonhaltung und Vermeidung von Bewegung führt gefolgt von Depression und Behinderung. Zu 95% vermeidbar durch die angstfreie Weiterführung aller normalen Alltagstätigkeiten ohne sich in ein "ich bin rückenkrank"-Loch fallen zu lassen https://www.jpain.org/article/S1526-5900(13)01030-4/pdf //   Pharma-Song: // Der heutige Pharma-Song ist von Rex Mundi von dem Sampler Trance Essential 2014 Vol. 1 und trägt den passenden Titel “Back pain” https://itunes.apple.com/de/album/back-pain/881024067?i=881024390&l=en//   Kontakt: //Bitte bewerten Sie gerne diesen Podcast und hinterlassen konstruktive Kommentare. Ich freue mich wie immer über Ihre Fragen und/oder Anregungen. Sie können mich auch gerne direkt auf einem der folgenden Wege kontaktieren: LinkedIn, https://nl.linkedin.com/in/haraldschmidt; Twitter, @hhhw_schmidt; Facebook, harald.hhw.schmidt; Xing, Harald_Schmidt303; Instagram, hhhw_schmidt; oder ganz klassisch via Email, harald.schmidt@gesundheithoch3.de. Folge direkt herunterladen

Hey ADDers! Do you ever wonder about the heritability of ADHD or how your emotions and feelings impact your executive functioning? In fact, do you know the difference between your emotions and your feelings? If yes and no, this episode is for you!! According to Pema Chodron, an American Tibetan Buddhist and ordained nun, if you allow an emotion to exist for 90 seconds without judging it, it will disappear. According to Jill Bolte Taylor, a neuroanatomist and author of A Brain Scientist’s Personal Journey, “once triggered, the chemical released by your brain surges through your body and you have a physiological experience. Within 90 seconds from the initial trigger, the chemical component of anger has completely dissipated from your blood and your automatic response is over. If, however, you remain angry after those 90 seconds have passed, then it is because you have chosen to let that circuit continue to run.” In this episode, I talk about: The Heritability of ADHD The 90-Second Rule Executive Functioning Emotions Feelings The importance of celebrating your WINS To Help The Show: If you like what I'm doing here on the show, please leave a review on Apple Podcasts and share with your community via social media Ratings and reviews are extremely helpful and greatly appreciated.  They help other people find the show, who need this information If you just share with one person and every listener does that, so many more people in need with learn about this show and benefit from the content Help me in my mission to make sure that all adults with focus, follow through, self-management or executive function challenges have some resources to help them live a happier and more productive life Subscribe on iTunes Episode Resources: Download the Transcript and read through the whole episode, from start to finish. Download the MP3 Audio File and listen to the episode however you like with the audio file. Get yourself on the Waitlist for ADDventures in Achievement and I'll contact you right away:  I'm getting on and let's talk! Get tickets to ADDA/CHADD Conference:  Tickets I have questions or need help with registration:  Help me!! I want to know more about ADDA:  ADDA I want to know more about CHADD:  CHADD Free Live Masterclass, January 2020:  "The #1 Way to Move Beyond the Years of Damage from Undiagnosed ADHD and Executive Function Dysfunction."  Three dates and times to attend live; choose what's best for you!  Count me in!  Click HERE.    Additional resources I've created for you: The Harness Your ADHD Power Community on Facebook where I'm actively involved with the community members Live videos on my Facebook page, ADDventures in Achievement Ask Dr B your questions for an episode Reach out to me with your thoughts or feedback or needs A free video and e-book about getting your ADHD needs met A free tips e-book on decision-making A Favorite Quote: That has been the fuel for much of what I’ve been doing the past 5 years, is an Anonymous quote saying, “Set a goal so big you can’t achieve it until you grow into the person who can.” None of the new things I’m doing today like live video, teaching online or a podcast show were possible for me 5 years ago and they are my current reality. So, the question I have for you at this point of our journey together is, “What is the big goal you need to set so you can grow into the person who can achieve it? And, are you going to get yourself the support and training you need to become that person?” I hope so; and perhaps ADDventures in Achievement is the place to be so you can become that person with the support of our community and training I provide.

Hunter Maats talks with Dave Rael about education, perspective, science, reason, persuasion, and fundamentalism Chapters: 0:52 - Hunter's background and story5:43 - Resources and resourcefulness10:30 - Thinking and feeling are always linked15:21 - The Straight-A Conspiracy, Mindset, and practical learning21:56 - Aristocrats, eugenics, and Intelligence Quotient25:40 - IQ research, the blind men and the elephant, and sectarian differences35:01 - The relevance of "redneck culture"42:20 - The meaning of "Mixed Mental Arts"49:59 - Managing anger, engaging people with difficult perspectives, and challenging people53:30 - Fundamentalism60:47 - Identification of fundamentalists71:58 - The difference between the message sent and the message received75:21 - Susceptibility of humans to fundamentalism83:50 - Shaking up echo chambers and rounding out worldviews Resources: Mixed Mental Arts The Straight-A Conspiracy: Your Secret Guide to Ending the Stress of School and Totally Ruling the World - Hunter Maats Jim Watson Man's Search for Meaning - Viktor E. Frankl The Mixed Mental Arts Book List Some Context on "You should never meet your heroes" Katie O'Brien William Kamkwamba The Boy Who Harnessed the Wind - William Kamkwamba Good Will Hunting Carol Dweck Mindset: The New Psychology of Success - Carol S. Dweck “I have never let my schooling interfere with my education.” - Mark Twain The Origin of Species: 150th Anniversary Edition - Charles Darwin Francis Galton Lewis Terman The Blind Men and the Elephant Heritability of IQ Intelligence and How to Get It: Why Schools and Cultures Count - Richard E. Nisbett Richard Nisbett Mandi Ainslie "Statistics are like bikinis. What they reveal is suggestive, but what they conceal is vital." - Aaron Levenstein Thomas Sowell Black Rednecks and White Liberals - Thomas Sowell Alvin Toffler "The illiterate of the 21st century will not be those who cannot read and write, but those who cannot learn, unlearn, and relearn." - Alvin Toffler Bryan Callen "Adapt what is useful, reject what is useless, and add what is specifically your own." - Bruce Lee Hamlet (AmazonClassics Edition) - William Shakespeare The Tao of Pooh - Benjamin Hoff Sam Harris Richard Dawkins Atul Gawande Atul Gawande at Caltech on the nature of the scientist - "... an experimental mind, not a litigious one" - quoting Edwin Hubble "There is nothing either good or bad, but thinking makes it so." - William Shakespeare The Righteous Mind: Why Good People Are Divided by Politics and Religion - Jonathan Haidt Lena Dunham Richard Spencer Boggart Tom Woods Anarcho-capitalism Tom Woods on the Bryan Callen Show / Mixed Mental Arts podcast Strong Opinions, Weakly Held Fantich and Young

This week we had a free flowing debate about some of the things that Donald Trump is doing before getting into a discussion on the relationship of nature vs nurture when it comes to human intelligence.

Sue Langley, is a speaker, master trainer, global business consultant and leading advisor, and founder and CEO of the Langley Group of Companies. Sue has taught thousands of business leaders how to create positive work-places. Sue Langley’s website: http://suelangley.com/ In this discussion, you will learn about creativity and innovation and how they benefit us as individuals, but also how organizations can foster creativity and innovation beyond just having “a culture of creativity.”You will hear Sue’s thoughts on how leaders and organizations can develop the right climate for creativity and innovation to flourish. Sue shares a lot of valuable information on her approach with leaders and organizations. You will learn the vocabulary she uses, and how she convinces organizations to be open to the science and research of positive psychology. Sue also shares a recent example of an organization that wasn’t ready for these practices. You’ll Learn: [1:43] - Having a culture of creativity in an organization isn’t enough to foster innovation and creativity. [2:31] - Sue describes two types of creativity and innovation. [3:25] - The benefits of creativity. [4:25] - Sue shares what research says about creativity. [6:26] - How leaders and organizations can develop the right climate for creativity to flourish. [10:29] - Sue talks about how she convinces leaders and organizations to be open to the science and research of positive psychology. [11:31] - How to implement these changes into an organization. [13:07] - The vocabulary used with organizations when introducing positive psychology and wellbeing. [13:43] - The relationship between positive psychology and profitability. [14:34] - When positive psychology practices aren’t the best fit for an organization. [15:59] - Sue talks about individuals and organizations with too much creativity. [17:30] - The lightning round with Sue Langley. Your Resources: Positivity: Top-Notch Research Reveals the Upward Spiral That Will Change Your Life - Barbara Fredrickson - http://a.co/bnlkrv1 Primer in Positive Psychology - Christopher Peterson -http://a.co/2vFFu3Q Genetics of Psychological Well-Being: The Role of Heritability and Genes in Positive Psychology - Michael Pluess - http://a.co/gsEWpcv European Conference on Positive Psychology - http://enpp.eu Positive Psychology Program - http://positivepsychologyprogram.com Thanks for listening! Thanks so much for joining me again this week. If you enjoyed this episode, please share it using the social media buttons you see at the bottom of this post. Also, please leave an honest review for the Making Positive Psychology Work Podcast on iTunes. Ratings and reviews are extremely helpful and greatly appreciated. They do matter in the rankings of the show, and I read each and every one of them. And finally, don’t forget to subscribe to the show on iTunes to get automatic updates. It’s free! Special thanks to Sue for joining me this week. Until next time, take care! Until next time, take care!

Scientists at King's College London have discovered that genetics makes an unexpectedly large contribution to children's GCSE grades across a wide range of subjects. Kat Arney met with Professor Robert Plomin to find out more. Like this podcast? Please help us by supporting the Naked Scientists

Scientists at King's College London have discovered that genetics makes an unexpectedly large contribution to children's GCSE grades across a wide range of subjects. Kat Arney met with Professor Robert Plomin to find out more. Like this podcast? Please help us by supporting the Naked Scientists

More than a quarter of people are affected by anxiety or depression each year. But are some people more at risk than others? By studying groups of rhesus monkeys, Dr Ned Kalin from the University of Wisconsin in Madison found that individuals displaying a trait known as "anxious temperament" may be up to 50% more likely to go on to develop anxiety disorders later in life, and the same seems to be true in humans... Like this podcast? Please help us by supporting the Naked Scientists

More than a quarter of people are affected by anxiety or depression each year. But are some people more at risk than others? By studying groups of rhesus monkeys, Dr Ned Kalin from the University of Wisconsin in Madison found that individuals displaying a trait known as "anxious temperament" may be up to 50% more likely to go on to develop anxiety disorders later in life, and the same seems to be true in humans... Like this podcast? Please help us by supporting the Naked Scientists

Is blonde and red hair attractive because of how it looks, or because it’s rare? Also, “my genes made me do it”: can men (or women) blame their cheating ways on their genetic inheritance? And we also continue last month’s foray into the murky world of mate-poaching, and discover the differences between the sexes when it comes to detecting potential partner pilferers. Download the MP3Rate me! Rate, review, or listen in iTunes or in Stitcher. Some have theorised that red and blonde hair is attractive because it is rare. New research by Zinnia Janif tests this idea. Image credit: qsimple on flickr.comThe articles covered in the show:Janif, Z. J., Brooks, R. C., & Dixson, B. J. (in press). Are preferences for women's hair color frequency-dependent? Adaptive Human Behavior and Physiology. Read summaryEin-Dor, T., Perry, A., Hirschberger, G., Birnbaum, G. E., & Deutsch, D. (in press). Coping with mate poaching: gender differences in detection of infidelity-related threats. Evolution and Human Behavior. Read summaryZietsch, B. P., Westberg, L., Santtila, P., & Jern, P. (in press). Genetic analysis of human extrapair mating: Heritability, between-sex correlation, and receptor genes for vasopressin and oxytocin. Evolution and Human Behavior. Read summary

Radiation sensitivity is assumed to be a cancer susceptibility factor due to impaired DNA damage signalling and repair. Relevant genetic factors may also determine the observed familial aggregation of early onset lung cancer. We investigated the heritability of radiation sensitivity in families of 177 Caucasian cases of early onset lung cancer. In total 798 individuals were characterized for their radiation-induced DNA damage response. DNA damage analysis was performed by alkaline comet assay before and after in vitro irradiation of isolated lymphocytes. The cells were exposed to a dose of 4 Gy and allowed to repair induced DNA-damage up to 60 minutes. The primary outcome parameter Olive Tail Moment was the basis for heritability estimates. Heritability was highest for basal damage (without irradiation) 70% (95%-CI: 51%-88%) and initial damage (directly after irradiation) 65% (95%-CI: 47%-83%) and decreased to 20%-48% for the residual damage after different repair times. Hence our study supports the hypothesis that genomic instability represented by the basal DNA damage as well as radiation induced and repaired damage is highly heritable. Genes influencing genome instability and DNA repair are therefore of major interest for the etiology of lung cancer in the young. The comet assay represents a proper tool to investigate heritability of the radiation sensitive phenotype. Our results are in good agreement with other mutagen sensitivity assays.

Interview with Joachim Hallmayer, MD, author of Genetic Heritability and Shared Environmental Factors Among Twin Pairs With Autism

Dr. Jeffrey Schwimmer discusses his manuscript "Heritability of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease" To view the print version of this abstract go to http://tinyurl.com/ly92f4

Objective: Genome-wide association studies have identified robust associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms and complex traits. As the proportion of phenotypic variance explained is still limited for most of the traits, larger and larger meta-analyses are being conducted to detect additional associations. Here we investigate the impact of the study design and the underlying assumption about the true genetic effect in a bimodal mixture situation on the power to detect associations. Methods: We performed simulations of quantitative phenotypes analysed by standard linear regression and dichotomized case-control data sets from the extremes of the quantitative trait analysed by standard logistic regression. Results: Using linear regression, markers with an effect in the extremes of the traits were almost undetectable, whereas analysing extremes by case-control design had superior power even for much smaller sample sizes. Two real data examples are provided to support our theoretical findings and to explore our mixture and parameter assumption. Conclusions: Our findings support the idea to re-analyse the available meta-analysis data sets to detect new loci in the extremes. Moreover, our investigation offers an explanation for discrepant findings when analysing quantitative traits in the general population and in the extremes. Copyright (C) 2011 S. Karger AG, Basel

Paper Discussed: Chang TC, Congdon NG, Wojciechowski R, et al. Determinants and heritability of intraocular pressure and cup-to-disc ratio in a defined older population. Ophthalmology, July 2005, 112(7) p1186-91 Guest: Nathan Congdon, MD, MPH Associate Professor of Ophthalmology and International Health Johns Hopkins University Schools of Medicine and Public Health Baltimore, Maryland

Dr. Kuemmerle interviews Dr. Jeffrey Schwimmer, lead author of an article in the May Gastroenterology that studies the role of familial factors in identifying individuals at high risk for NAFLD. The second of two Gastroenterology podcasts for May 2009.