From the Tangier American Legation

Climate change and migration have a complex relationship, and Morocco presents an interesting case of intertwining environmental change, national development policies, and human mobilities. For her dissertation research, Rachael looks at the influence of social remittances, intangible non-material transfers across migrant connections, on climate adaptation and sustainable development in Skoura M'Daz, Morocco. Rachael Diniega is a human mobility and environment specialist. She has studied the intersection of climate change and migration since her BA at the University of Virginia, through her MA Human Rights & Cultural Diversity at the University of Essex, UK, and currently for her PhD in Geography at the University of Vienna, Austria. She has worked and done research in sustainable development and human rights across North Africa and Central Asia. During her AIMS and Fulbright research from 2021 to 2022, she completed fieldwork, including interviews, surveys, and participant observation, in Skoura M'Daz, an olive town in the Middle Atlas Mountains. Rachael previously worked there as a US Peace Corps Volunteer and was very excited to return to beautiful sunsets, couscous Fridays, and the sound of waterfalls and irrigation canals. Bibliography Crawford, D. (2008). Moroccan households in the world economy: Labor and inequality in a Berber village. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press. Diniega, R., & Paredes Grijalva, D. (2021, October 23). Technically not a “climate refugee”: Legal frameworks, advocacy, and self-identification. Routed Magazine, 17: https://www.routedmagazine.com/technically-not-climate-refugee. Dun, O., Klocker, N., & Head, L. (2018). Recognizing knowledge transfers in “unskilled” and “low-skilled” international migration: Insights from Pacific Island seasonal workers in rural Australia. Asia Pacific Viewpoint 59(3), 276-292. Levitt, P. (1998). Social remittances: Migration driven local-level forms of cultural diffusion. The International Migration Review 32(4), 926-948. Paredes Grijalva, D., & Diniega, R. (2020, October 30). Thinking of environmental migration through translocality and mobilities. Refugee Outreach & Research Network blog: http://www.ror-n.org/-blog/thinking-of-environmental-migration-through-translocality-and-mobilities. Peth, S. A., & Sakdapolrak, P. (2019). When the origin becomes the destination: Lost remittances and social resilience of return labor migrants in Thailand. Area 2019, 1-11. Sakdapolrak, P., Naruchaikusol, S., Ober, K., Peth, S., Porst, L., Rockenbauch, T. & Tolo. V. (2016). Migration in a changing environment. Towards a translocal social resilience approach. Die Erde 147(2), 81-94.

Abstract: Southeast Morocco is known for its oases, dates, and diverse linguistic and cultural landscape shaped by Amazigh, Arab, African, Jewish, nomadic and agrarian exchanges. Today, this landscape is also frequently colored by watermelons and water shortages. Small-scale farmers are at the center of the changes—navigating water scarcity and market fluctuations as the region orients towards global commodity production. This research examines the perspectives of farmers and local residents in Zagora to understand how water and agriculture are changing in the rural, pre-Saharan oases of Morocco, and the impact this is having on local lives. Biography: Jamie is a U.S. Fulbright researcher studying agricultural, social, and environmental change in the southeastern oases of Morocco. Her work stems from her time as a U.S Peace Corps Volunteer in the Province of Zagora from 2018 to 2020, and focuses on the lived experience of water shortages and agricultural transitions in the region. She holds a Master of Arts from Syracuse University in Geography and a Bachelor of Arts from the University of Virginia in Middle Eastern Studies and Global Studies.

This podcast presents work related to my first book project, The Suicide Archive: Reading Resistance in the Wake of French Empire—which concludes with a chapter on suicide bombing, focused on Moroccan writer and artist Mahi Binebine's (b. 1959) novel Les Étoiles de Sidi Moumen (2010)—and a second book project, Narrative Subversions: Strange Voices in Francophone Fiction, which explores unconventional narrative configurations and includes a chapter on narrative techniques in Binebine's work. In the final chapter of The Suicide Archive, and in a recently published article “Dead Narrators, Queer Terrorists,” in New Literary History, I show how literary texts such as Binebine's novel—a fictional account of the 2003 Casablanca bombings—circumvent and unsettle the established discourses around suicide bombing. Narrated by a dead terrorist from beyond the grave, Binebine's Étoiles uses “unnatural narrative” to ethical ends, helping us to understand the prerequisites for extraordinary violence. “Unnatural” or nonnatural narratives can be broadly defined as a subset of fictional narratives that violate “physical laws, logical principles, or standard anthropomorphic limitations of knowledge” (Alber). In postmodernist fiction, unnatural narratives often draw on impossibilities conventionalized by earlier or established literary genres but deploy them in otherwise realist frameworks. Unnatural narratives might involve nonrealistic or unconventional storytelling scenarios, such as a dead or unborn narrator; a narrator that is an inanimate object; or you- narratives/second-person fiction. Mahi Binebine's novelistic universe abounds with unnatural narratives and unconventional narrators: from his first novel, Le Sommeil de l'esclave (1992)—an extended second-person address that gives way to the memories of an enslaved woman—to his most recent novel, Mon frère fantôme (2022), which is narrated by the split or twinned personality of a touristic guide in Marrakech. Analyzing works such as these, Narrative Subversions shows how “unnatural” narratives emerge as formal solutions to historical and epistemological impasses and as a mode of ethical engagement: means of cultivating what Martha Nussbaum has called the “narrative imagination,” the ability to become an intelligent (and empathetic) reader of the other people's stories. Dr. Doyle Calhoun is currently Assistant Professor of Language and Culture Studies (postcolonial Francophone studies) at Trinity College in Connecticut. He received his Ph.D. in French from Yale University this year, where he was an affiliate of the Yale Council on African Studies. Prior to Yale, he completed a Masters in linguistics at KU Leuven, in Belgium, where he was also a Fulbright Research Grantee. His first book project, The Suicide Archive: Reading Resistance in the Wake of French Empire, turns the difficult topic of suicidal resistance into one worthy of analysis, attention, and interpretation. Beginning in the eighteenth century and working through the twenty-first century, from the time of slavery to the so-called Arab Spring, The Suicide Archive covers a broad geography that stretches from Guadeloupe and Martinique to Senegal, Algeria, Morocco, and Tunisia, and draws on an expansive corpus of literature, film, oral history, and archival materials to plot a long history of suicide as a political language in extremis.

Abstract: Between the 1850s and 1950s, colonial schools called médersas combined elements of French and Islamic educational traditions. First created in Algeria in 1850, the schools spread to the West African colonies of Senegal, French Soudan (today Mali), and Mauritania. The place of Morocco in this history is the subject of this discussion. In the 1910s, early in the protectorate period, the French established two “collèges musulmans,” the Collège Moulay Idriss in Fes and the Collège Moulay Youssef in Rabat. These were similar to the médersas in their curriculum and institutional framework; several of their directors had experience running médersas in Algeria and Senegal. In a field that remains deeply structured by national borders and by the notion of a “Saharan Divide” between North and West Africa, this research reveals close connections between societies usually considered in isolation. Biography: Dr. Samuel Anderson is currently a Visiting Assistant Professor of History at Pomona College in Claremont, California. He received a PhD in African History from the University of California, Los Angeles, in 2018. His research focuses on education, race, and religion in northwest African Muslim societies under colonial rule. His current project examines the médersas, so-called “Franco-Muslim” schools, that combined Islamic and European curricula in a French effort to colonize Islamic schooling and the Muslim elite in the Maghrib and West Africa. He has conducted research on this topic in Algeria, Mauritania, Senegal, France, and now Morocco, with the support of the American Institute for Maghrib Studies, the Council of American Overseas Research Centers, and other organizations. Portions of this project have been published in the journals Islamic Africa and History in Africa.

Abstract Why does Marrakesh look the way that it does? The Red City is the topic of the forthcoming book by Dr. Abbey Stockstill, in which she discusses the medieval city's relationship with its founding dynasties, the local landscape, and Berber politics in the eleventh and twelfth centuries. As the notion of what it meant to be “Berber” was being defined, the city of Marrakesh emerged as a metropolis that actively engaged the multivalent identities of Almoravids and Almohad dynasties. Rather than taking individual monuments in isolation, Dr. Stockstill's work looks at how those monuments worked with each other and the local landscape to create a stage for these identities to be expressed. What emerges is a city that is both paradigmatic in its structure, yet innovative in its social and historical context. Biography Dr. Abbey Stockstill received her Ph.D. in the History of Art & Architecture from Harvard University (2018), and is currently an assistant professor of Islamic art and architecture at Southern Methodist University in Dallas, Texas. She has contributed essays to academic journals such as Muqarnas and Hésperis-Tamuda, as well as to a number of edited volumes. She is also an assistant editor for the International Journal of Islamic Architecture, and serves on various committees within the International Center for Medieval Art and the Historians of Islamic Art Association. She is thrilled to be returning to Morocco after a two-year, pandemic-enforced hiatus, and can be found wherever couscous is being served. Useful Links https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=rUC8sxEAAAAJ&hl=en https://www.smu.edu/Meadows/AreasOfStudy/ArtHistory/Faculty/stockstillabbey https://www.hesperis-tamuda.com/Downloads/2021/fascicule-4/8.pdf Selected bibliography: Abbey Stockstill, “From the Kutubiyya to Tinmal: The Sacred Direction in Mu'minid Performance,” The Friday Mosque in the City: Liminality, Ritual, and Politics, ed. by A. Hilal Uğurlu and Suzan Yalman (Chicago: Intellect, 2020); Stockstill, Abbey Parker. 2018. The Mountains, the Mosque, & the Red City: ʿAbd Al-Muʾmin and the Almohad Legacy in Marrakesh. Doctoral dissertation, Harvard University, Graduate School of Arts & Sciences. Ramzi Rouighi, Inventing the Berbers: History and Ideology in the Maghrib (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2019); Mehdi Ghouirgate, L'Ordre Almohade (1120-1269) (Tempus, 2014); Somaiyeh Falahat, Cities and Metaphors: Beyond Imaginaries of Islamic Urban Space (New York: Routledge, 2018); Amira K. Bennison, The Almoravid and Almohad Empires (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2016); D. F. Ruggles, Gardens, Landscape, & Vision in the Palaces of Islamic Spain (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2008

This podcast explores the Andalusian music tradition of Morocco, known as al-ala, through the written song collections, such as the famous Kunnash al-Ha'ik. By examining the literary record, embodied in around 40 handwritten manuscripts found in libraries across Europe and North Africa, we can come to understand the evolution of the repertoire over the past two and a half centuries. Of special interest here is a little-known work called al-Rawdat al-Ghanna' fi Usul al-Ghina' ("The Lush Garden for the Principles of Song'') of which there are just three surviving copies — including one in the Bibliothèque Nationale in Rabat. In this video podcast we will explore such questions as: Who wrote this work, and when? What is actually in it? And perhaps most significant: Where does it fit in the history of the written repertoire of Andalusian music? Dr. Carl Davila holds a PhD in Arabic Studies from Yale University (2006). He lived in Fez off and on for nearly three years in the early 2000s and has visited Morocco frequently since then. Being the first scholar to write extensively in English on the Andalusian music in Morocco, he has published two monographs and numerous articles on the cultural, historical and literary aspects of this grand musical tradition. At the moment, he is developing a book series with E.J. Brill that will present English translations and commentary for all eleven nubas in the modern and historical repertoires. He is currently Associate Professor of History at the State University of New York in Brockport, where he lives with his family and his cat. For further reading Books: Carl Davila: The Andalusian Music of Morocco: History, Society and Text, Wiesbaden, 2013. Carl Davila: The Pen, the Voice, the Text: Nūbat Ramal al-Māya in Cultural Context, Leiden, 2016. Ruth Davis: Ma'luf: Reflections on the Arab-Andalusian Music of Tunisia, London, 2004. Jonathan Glasser: Lost Paradise: Andalusi Music in Urban North Africa, Chicago, 2016. Mahmoud Guettat: La musique arabo-andalouse: l'empreinte du Maghreb, Paris/Montréal, 2000. Dwight Reynolds: The Musical Heritage of al-Andalus, London, 2021. Jonathan Shannon: Performing al-Andalus: Music and Nostalgia Across the Mediterranean, Bloomington, IN, 2015. Articles of interest: Carl Davila: “Fixing a Misbegotten Biography: Ziryab in the Mediterranean World,” Al-Masāq v. 21 no. 2, 2009: 121-136. Dwight Reynolds: “Musical ‘Membrances of Medieval Muslim Spain'.'' In Charting Memory: Recalling Medieval Spain, ed. Stacy Beckwith. New York, 2000: 155-168.

Abstract On February 29, 1960, an earthquake leveled much of the southern Moroccan coastal city of Agadir. Over the next decade, a new Agadir would be built in an avant-garde brutalist architectural style, representing a concrete example of Morocco's newly independent future. And yet, this future is haunted by the trauma and violence of the past, by way of both the earthquake as well as colonialism. The literal and figurate aftershocks of the earthquake would go on to impact, in ways that are often obscured, various facets of life all around Morocco and beyond, especially with regards to visual and material culture. This raises the questions about the entanglements of human actors with non-human forces when it comes to histories of modernism, decolonization, and nation-building. Riad Kherdeen studies global modern art and architecture, with a focus on the region of West Asia/Middle East and North Africa (MENA). He is working on a doctoral dissertation project on modernist art and architecture in Morocco related to the Agadir earthquake of 1960 titled “Spectral Modernisms: Decolonial Aesthetics and Haunting in the Aftershock of Morocco's Agadir Earthquake (1960)." His interests fall within three main clusters of study: the first is in comparative and planetary modernisms via postcolonial studies and critical theory; the second is in the study of perception, including aesthetics, phenomenology, psychoanalytic theory, cognitive psychology, and neuroscience; and the third is in materialisms, ranging from the micro scale with technical studies of visual and material cultural production, including techniques, processes, technologies, and materials/conservation science, to the macro scale including Marxist/historical materialism, new materialism, ecocriticism, and systems theory. Riad holds a B.A. in Art History and a minor in Chemistry from New York University (2013) and an M.A. in the History of Art and Archaeology from the Institute of Fine Arts (2016). His M.A. thesis “Masdar City: Oriental City of the Twenty-First Century,” advised by Jean-Louis Cohen, looks at the urban design and architecture of Masdar City in the United Arab Emirates as a new iteration of the “Orientalized” city within a genealogy of recent urbanism in the Arab world, one that still succumbs to the imagined representations of the region created by European imperialism yet embraces those stereotypes to construct new narratives about its people and its nascent nation. Previously, Riad has held positions at the Museum of Modern Art, the Metropolitan Museum of Art, the Whitney Museum of American Art, and The Art Genome Project at Artsy. Photograph of the Agadir central post office, designed by Jean-François Zevaco in 1963. The photo comes from Thierry Nadau's chapter in Architecture française d'outer-mer.

Zajal, which flourished in 14th century Andalusia, is a genre of poetry composed in spoken Arabic—Moroccan Arabic/Darija in this case. The genre reemerged in postcolonial Morocco, when it was largely published in newspapers. The recent history of zajal may appear male dominated: the 1992 edition of Afaq, the Journal of the Moroccan Writer's Union, highlighted modern zajal poetry but included only one poem by a woman poet. But many Moroccan women who write zajal today look to history for inspiration, often citing Kharbousha, an iconic figure who resisted oppressive rulers through her poetry, as an example they seek to emulate. Beyond this, Facebook and TikTok, provide a rich and accessible realm for sharing poetry. My research, grounded in interviews with zajalat (women zajal poets) and close readings of their work, examines how and why Moroccan women write zajal poetry today, and what their experiences on and off the page can tell us about Darija as a literary language. Catherine Cartier received her B.A. in History and Arab Studies in May 2020 from Davidson College (USA). Prior to Fulbright, she worked as an investigative intern and consultant at the Center for Advanced Defense Study and reported as an independent journalist from Jordan, Lebanon, Morocco, and Tajikistan. Her Fulbright research examines zajal poetry written by Moroccan women. Bibliography: ​Afaq: the Journal of the Moroccan Writers' Union​. 1992. Elinson, Alexander. “‘Darija' and Changing Writing Practices In Morocco.” International Journal of Middle East Studies 45, no. 4 (November 2013): 715–30. ———. “Writing Oral Literature Culture: the Case of Contemporary Zajal.” In The Politics of Written Language in the Arab World, edited by Jacob Høigilt and Gunvor Mejdell. Leiden: Brill, 2017. Kapchan, Deborah “Performing Depth: Translating Moroccan Culture in Modern Verse.” In Colors of Enchantment: Theater, Dance, Music and Visual Arts of the Middle East​, edited by Sherifa Zuhur, 119-136. Cairo: American University Cairo Press, 2001. ———. Poetic Justice: An Anthology of Contemporary Moroccan Poetry. Austin: University of Texas Austin, 2019. Mohammed, Hayat Kabwash. Ashaqa al-huriah, Rabat: Dar Assalam, 2006. Union de l'Action Féministe. Saba'a Nisa, Saba'at Rijal, Tetouan. 2021.

In this discussion at Youmein 2021: Roots and Traces, anthropologist George Bajalia and journalist Aida Alami explore the roots and traces of contemporary cultural life in Tangier, especially as they relate to northern Morocco's border regions. From questions of diversity and difference to the roots of present debates around representation, responsibility, and justice, Youmein 2021: Roots and Traces was an open-ended artistic inquiry into how the structures of our past have shaped our current moment. The traces of this past appear in unexpected places, both institutionally and in the social milieu from which we develop artistic reflections. Uncomfortable inequities and realities sit adjacent to the rise of powerful populist and progressive movements worldwide. Since Youmein began in 2014, xenophobia, isolationism, and neo-imperialism have grown simultaneously with new forms of solidarities and ways of being in-common. How will these movements leave their traces in our shifting social orders, and how will they transform, sediment, and root themselves differently? So far, each edition of the Youmein Festival has taken on themes speaking to Tangier as a space of both border and bridge: al-barzakh, crisis, imitation, limit(s), and desire. This year, those themes became the fertile ground on which we will reconvene and dig deep into what has come before and make choices about where we want to go next. After a year of isolated reflections, and alongside the Bicentennial of the Tangier-American Legation, Youmein invited the artists, speakers, and the public to critically reflect on the view from Tangier, and the cultures, peoples, and conditions which compose it. As a part of the 2021 Youmein Festival, Alami and Bajalia reflected on Tangier and its myths, past and present, and alternative cultural histories and present realities in this corner of the Strait of Gibraltar. From Maalem Abdellah Gourd and the renovation of his home in Tangier medina to the role of the Tangier American Legation Museum in the city, they share thoughts how different flows of people through the city, categorized differently as migrants, immigrants, "ex-pats," and artists, intersect and overlap. George Bajalia is an anthropologist (Ph.D., Columbia University), Assistant Professor at Wesleyan University, and theatre director based between Morocco and New York. He is the co-founder of the annual Youmein Creative Media Festival in Tangier, Morocco and the Northwestern University in Qatar Creative Media Festival. His work has been supported by the CAORC-Mellon Mediterranean Research Fellowship, the American Institute of Maghrib Studies Long-Term Fellowship, and the Fulbright Foundation, and he is a Fellow of the Tangier- American Legation Institute for Moroccan Studies. Aida Alami is a Moroccan freelance journalist who's frequently on the road, reporting from North Africa, France, the Caribbean, and more recently, Senegal. She regularly contributes to the New York Times, and her work has also been published by the New York Review of Books, The Financial Times, and Foreign Policy. She earned her bachelor's degree in media studies at Hunter College and her master's degree in journalism at Columbia University. She mainly covers migration, human rights, religion, politics and racism. These days, Aida spends a lot of time in France, where she is directing a documentary feature on antiracism activists and police violence.

Soufiane's focus is a comparative study on cultural practices and narratives related to art production and its entanglement with resistance and visual politics in North Africa and the Middle East. By working on Morocco and Jordan, I mainly focus on wall-writings, street art, and graffiti in order to understand what wall expressions do, the extent to which they have a particularly political place in society, and how they relate to socio-political transformations. Soufiane Chinig is a first-year PhD student of anthropology in the Berlin Graduate School Muslim Cultures and Societies at Freie Universität Berlin. His research in anthropology is on writing and painting on walls in Morocco and Jordan. He also holds an MA in Sociology and Anthropology from Hassan II University in Mohammedia, and a BA in Sociology from Mohammed V University. Alongside his academic work, he is also active in promoting Moroccan cultural heritage and evaluating urban policies in that country.

In response to the February 20 movement, the Moroccan government passed electoral laws that institutionalized and expanded gender quotas at the national and local levels, enabling women to win an unprecedented number of seats in the 2015 and 2016 elections. My Fulbright research examines how reserved seats in the House of Representatives and communal councils have affected women's substantive representation (i.e., the representation of their policy preferences and priorities). I've worked with Professor Hanane Darhour at Université Ibn Zohr and the National Democratic Institute to investigate whether gender quotas can empower women as visible citizens whose interests are included in their communities' legislative agendas. Delana Sobhani received her BS in International Political Economy from Georgetown University in 2018. After working as a data analyst for two years, Delana pursued a Fulbright grant to study the nuanced impacts of gender quotas. She has worked with the Ibn Zohr University in Agadir and the National Democratic Institute in Rabat to examine the effects of reserved seats in Moroccan legislatures on women's representation. Bibliography Castillejo, Clare and Helen Tilley. “The Road to Reform: Women's Political Voice in Morocco.” https://odi.org/en/publications/the-road-to-reform-womens-political-voice-in-morocco/ Hanane, Darhour and Drude Dahlerup. "Sustainable representation of women through gender quotas: A decade's experience in Morocco." https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0277539513000769 Hanane, Darhour and Krit Salahddine. "Empowered or not? Moroccan women MP's strategies to empowerment." https://www.academia.edu/27482046/Empowered_or_Not_Moroccan_Women_MPs_Strategies_to_Empowerment Jossour. "Évaluation des mécanismes de promotion de la représentation politique des femmes au Maroc." https://www.fes.org.ma/common/pdf/publications_pdf/etu_joussour_2018.pdf NDI. "Citizens Express Their Priorities: Moroccan Citizens' Views and Preferences Ahead of the 2016 Parliamentary Elections." https://www.ndi.org/sites/default/files/%20Morocco%20Focus%20Group%20Report%20%28English%29.pdf

The high mountains of Talassemtane National Park protect some of the rarest trees and animals in Morocco and North Africa. Forest fires can have negative as well as positive effects on conserving these unique ecosystems. Research ranging from satellite images to tree-ring analysis is being applied to help forest managers protect the forest and adapt to changing climate. Dr. Peter Fulé is a professor in the School of Forestry at Northern Arizona University. His research is at the intersection of forests, wildfire, climate and people around the world. Pete works with students and colleagues using multiple research techniques including tree rings to assess tree growth and forest fires over many centuries. Using models of forest growth and climate, they test forest restoration treatments and simulate changes into the future. Pete has taught and done research on five continents. Currently Pete is a visiting Fulbright Scholar in Tétouan, Morocco, working with Abdelmalek Essaâdi University and Talassemtane National Park.

Ecotheology, a new academic discipline and social movement, focuses on the relationship between nature and religion. In a number of Muslim-majority countries, proponents of ecotheology have argued that the Quran, the Hadith, and other religious texts impose a unique obligation on humans: because God placed humans in charge of the environment, they must care for it. Morocco, for its part, has taken this argument to heart, launching the Green Mosques Program to find inspiration for the environmental movement within Islam. Moroccan scholars may want to look at the writings of the medieval Muslim jurist Ibn Rushd—better known in the Western world as "Averroes." In the book The Distinguished Jurist's Primer, he analyzed how Islamic law dealt with a range of complex topics, including environmental issues. Having studied Islam in Morocco, Ibn Rushd could continue to inform the kingdom's environmental policy. Austin Bodetti is an alumnus of the Fulbright U.S. Student Program from the 2019-2020 academic year and an independent researcher specializing in the culture, politics, and history of the Middle East. He graduated from Boston College in 2018 with a bachelor's degree in Islamic studies and now lives in Rabat, Morocco, where he writes about current events in the region and his love of French tacos.

In this podcast, celebrated artists Soukaina Fahssi and Mehdi Qamoum talk about their art, experiences, backgrounds, personal and artistic lives, among other things.

In this podcast, Casablanca-based singer, Saad el Baraka, chats with Ayoub el Jamal about his artistic experience, background, motives, things that have affected his experience, projects and aspirations, among other things.

In this podcast, Chi Stage Project director, Ayoub el Jamal, hosts Casawi singer & song writer, Nada Azhari to speak about her rich artistic experience, beginnings, love for music and arts, motives, projects, and ambitions, among other things.

In this podcast, Casablanca-based artist, Marouane Sibari tells his stories in his hometown, things that affected his artistic experience, passions, projects, and other things.

In this podcast, famous Moroccan street performance couple, Hafid W Salma tell their audience about their respective lives, passions, plans, projects, arts, among other things. Let's learn more about them together!

In this podcast, the founder and director of the Chi Stage Project, Ayoub el Jamal, hosts the Tangier native and based singer and songwriter, Sarah Ariche, to speak about her life background, among other things. This podcast leads us through the alleys and walks of Sarah's life, background, influences, experiences, artistic career, among other things from her childhood to the present day. We hope that you enjoy her stories and share it with your friends and entourage.

The Tangier ALC is inviting Dr. Alex Kolker, Associate Professor at the Louisiana Universities Marine Consortium for a talk at the American Legation Museum. Dr. Kolker was in Morocco for one year on a Fulbright Scholar grant to conduct research on how sea-level dynamics influence coastal processes and resiliency along the Moroccan coast. "Coasts are naturally dynamic systems governed by many forces as the land, sea and atmosphere meet. More recently, human factors, ranging from local development to accelerating sea level rise and global climate change are further impacting these systems. This talk will provide an overview of coastal changes globally, the impacts of these changes along Morocco's coast, and strategies for a resilient coastal future." This podcast was recorded by: Ayoub el Jamal Edited by: Abdelbaar Mounadi Idrissi

Lawrence Peskin, a history professor at Morgan State University in Baltimore, is in Tangier to research the life of James Simpson, America’s first consul to Morocco (1797-1820). He is doing so as part of a larger book project that traces the development of the Early National American community in the Mediterranean region by studying the lives and networks of three consuls. In addition to Simpson, he is studying Robert Montgomery of Alicante, Spain and Thomas Appleton of Livorno, Italy. In addition to the many sources in the library at TALIM, he has benefitted from the opportunity to be able to walk around Tangier and understand the local geography. In doing so he has struggled to identify the remains of the 18th and early 19th century town and, particularly, the various consular houses in which members of the roughly 150-member European community resided. In the pod cast and in a more detailed blog post (http://legation.ipower.com/blog/?p=2085,) he discusses his efforts to find the location of the first American consular house (before the current American Legation) and Simpson’s country villa, “Mount Washington.” Further Reading: Luella J. Hall, The United States and Morocco 1776-1956 (NJ, 1971) Frank Lambert, The Barbary Wars: American Independence in the Atlantic World (NY, 2005) Richard B. Parker, Uncle Sam in Barbary (Florida, 2004) Priscilla H. and Richard S. Roberts, Thomas Barclay (1728-1793):Consul in France, Diplomat in Barbary (PA 2008)

Johanna Sluiter is a PhD Candidate at the Institute of Fine Arts, NYU where she is writing a dissertation on the Atelier des Bâtisseurs and the development of habitat in post-war architecture. She is currently an associate researcher at the École Normale Supérieure d’Architecture Belleville in Paris and a Chester Dale Fellow at the National Gallery of Art in Washington, D.C. In 1949, the Atelier des Bâtisseurs (ATBAT) founded their first overseas bureau in Tangiers, Morocco. Having split with their mentor, Le Corbusier, and garnered worldwide attention for their first building site, the Unité d’Habitation in Marseille, ATBAT sought to expand its practice beyond France by establishing ATBAT-Afrique,before embarking upon future plans for ATBAT-Orient and ATBAT-Amérique,to be installed in Beirut and New York, respectively. This initial work abroad would therefore serve as both a critical test and potential catalyst for the young multinational, multidisciplinary firm. It would demonstrate the ability (or lack thereof) of European-trained architects to respond to contexts defined by radically new cultures, climates, and clients than they had previously addressed or even considered, and would articulate their idea of ‘habitat’ – a comprehensive framework for universal building – in visual form. This podcast addresses methodological approaches and challenges in researching ATBAT’s theoretical and concrete developments of habitat in Morocco before tracing the afterlives of these projects in adjacent Algeria, far-flung Cambodia, and ultimately returning to the Parisian suburbs at the end of the decade. Further Reading on ATBAT - Vladimir Bodiansky, Charte de l'Habitat du cercle d'études architecturales (Paris: UNESCO, 1955). - Alison and Peter Smithson, "Collective Housing in Morocco," Architectural Design 25 (January 1955): 2-8. - Marion Tournon-Branly, "History of ATBAT and its Influence on French Architecture," Architectural Design 35 (January 1965): 20-24. Further Reading on the Development of (Modern) Architecture in the Maghreb - Tom Avermaete and Maristella Casciato, Casablanca, Chandigarh: A Report on Modernization (Montreal: Canadian Centre for Architecture; Zurich: Park Books, 2014). - Jean-Louis Cohen, "The Moroccan Group and the Theme of Habitat," Rassegna 14.52 (1992): 58-67. - Jean-Louis Cohen and Monique Eleb, Casablanca: Mythes et figures d'une aventure urbaine (Paris: Hazan, 1998). - Jean-Louis Cohen, Nabila Oulebsir, Youcef Kanoun and Dominique Delaunay, Alger: paysage urbain et architecture, 1800-2000 (Paris: Éditions de l'Imprimeur, 2003). - Samia Henni, Architecture of Counterrevolution: The French Army in Northern Algeria (Zurich: gta Verlag, 2017). - Paul Rabinow, French Modern: Norms and Forms of the Social Environment (Cambridge: MIT Press, 1989).

On Monday, September 30 2019, James Miller spoke with TALIM Director John Davison about the joint Moroccan-American archaeological project at the site of ancient Sijilmasa and the publication of book, “The Last Civilized Place: Sijilmasa and Its Saharan Destiny” (University of Texas Press, 2015). “The Last Civilized Place,” written by Miller and Project Director Ronald Messier, recounts the story of the Project, its archaeological findings, and places Sijilmasa in the context of Moroccan and Islamic history, revealing the 1000-year history of the caravan center as a focus of trans-Saharan trade and focal point of dynastic change. The conversation led to a wide variety of topics associated with Sijilmasa: its origins in the second century A.H. and the establishment of the Midrarid dynasty and their Sufri religious background, the significance of the surrounding irrigated oasis landscape of the Tafilalt, the unprotected nature of the site of Sijilmasa today and the threats to it posed by the growth of the adjacent modern town of Rissani. The relations Sijilmasa long held with ancient Ghana and successor states south of the Sahara were rooted in the element of trade for which Sijilmasa was known far and wide from its earliest days, namely gold. Gold, African gold, was Sijilmasa’s fame, and the city and its caravans and commercial reach were the result of its long-held monopoly on the trans-Saharan gold trade. James Miller received his PhD in cultural geography from the University of Texas and taught in the Department of History and Geography at Clemson University (South Carolina, USA) for 28 years. Upon retiring from Clemson, Miller became the Executive Director of the Moroccan-American Commission for Educational & Cultural Exchange (MACECE – Fulbright Morocco) in 2009 and retired from that position in 2018. Miller was, 2007-2010, President of AIMS and since 2018 has been Vice President of the organization. He serves on the boards of TALIM and CorpsAfrica. Miller is the co-author of the geography textbook, A Question of Place (Wiley) and the monography The Last Civilized Place: Sijilmasa and Its Saharan Destiny (University of Texas Press), and the author of Imlil: A Modern Moroccan Geography (Westview). Miller was a political officer in the U.S. Foreign Service and, retired, lives in Skaneateles, New York.

This episode was recorded at the Moroccan-American Commission for Educational and Cultural Exchange (MACECE) in Rabat on September 18, 2019. In this podcast, Emma Snowden, a PhD candidate at the University of Minnesota, discusses how medieval Almohad chronicles understood the role of the caliphate in the Iberian Peninsula. The swift takeover of North Africa and al-Andalus by the Almohads in the twelfth century has been referred to as a “revolution” by some scholars, a view that is often reflected in medieval texts from the caliphate. The Almohads sought to distinguish themselves from the preceding Almoravid dynasty in every respect, waging holy war against all those who opposed them, Muslim and non-Muslim alike. In this podcast, Emma suggests that chroniclers like Ibn Ṣāḥib al-Ṣalāt employed a kind of logic of resurrection, framing the Almohad conquest of al-Andalus as a sequence of corruption, destruction, and ultimate revival. A similar logic of resurrection can be identified in earlier Christian Iberian chronicles that dealt with the role of Maghribis and Muslims in Iberia. Emma considers the two historiographical traditions together, exploring the extent to which they suggest a shared literary-historical imagination in which the mutual ideological problem of competing Muslim and Christian claims to power over the same territory was conceptually resolved by presenting that space as a slate to be wiped clean by individual dynasties. Emma is currently at work on her dissertation, “Bridging the Strait: The Shared History of Iberia and North Africa in Medieval Muslim and Christian Chronicles,” which explores how medieval writers narrated moments when North Africans controlled people and territory in Iberia, and vice versa. She was able to conduct research in Rabat and Tangier with the generous support of a short-term research grant from the American Institute for Maghrib Studies (AIMS). Emma recently published an article titled “Islam as the Source of All Wonders: Arab and Islamic Identity in al-Saraqusṭī’s Maqāmāt al-luzūmiyya” in the spring 2019 issue of La corónica: A Journal of Medieval Hispanic Languages, Literatures, and Cultures. Her article can be found at: https://muse.jhu.edu/article/729894 . Bennison, Amira K. “Almohad Tawḥīd and its Implications for Religious Difference.” Journal of Medieval Iberian Studies 2, no. 2 (June 1, 2010): 195–216. ———. The Almoravid and Almohad Empires. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2016. Buresi, Pascal, and Hicham El Aallaoui. Governing the Empire: Provincial Administration in the Almohad Caliphate (1224-1269). Critical Edition, Translation, and Study of Manuscript 4752 of the Hasaniyya Library in Rabat Containing 77 Taqadim (“appointments”). Translated by Travis Bruce. Boston: Brill, 2013. Fierro, Maribel. “Alfonso X ‘The Wise’: The Last Almohad Caliph?” Medieval Encounters 15, no. 2-4 (2009): 175–98. Fromherz, Allen. “North Africa and the Twelfth-Century Renaissance: Christian Europe and the Almohad Islamic Empire.” Islam and Christian–Muslim Relations 20, no. 1 (2009): 43–59. ———. The Almohads: The Rise of an Islamic Empire. New York: I.B. Tauris, 2010. Jones, Linda G. “The Preaching of the Almohads: Loyalty and Resistance across the Strait of Gibraltar.” Medieval Encounters 19, no. 1–2 (2013): 71–101. Wolf, Kenneth Baxter, trans. Conquerors and Chroniclers of Early Medieval Spain. 2nd ed. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 1999.

Grâce au soutien du Musée de la Légation Américain, le festival Youmein a pu inviter le conteur et artiste pluridisciplinaire algérien Fayçal Belattar à participer à sa 5ème édition autour de la thématique du « Désir ». Dans cette conversation enregistré le 25 Juillet 2019, avec Zakaria Alilech, un des cofondateurs du festival, l’artiste parle de son parcours, son rapport avec le conte du point de vu artistique et historique, son acharnement à contribuer à sa preservation en tant qu’expression artistique à part entière, et son projet pour le festival Youmein. Youmein est un festival de 48 heures qui invite des artistes de toutes disciplines à produire des créations à partir d’un thème préétabli en deux jours, en invitant aussi le public à découvrir et suivre les processus de création d’œuvres artistiques. Le festival s’achève avec l’exposition des projets, présentés en œuvres finies ou en work in progress, mais également les éventuelles collaborations nées des rencontres entre les artistes pendant les deux jours de résidence. Au cours de cette résidence, la réflexion et l’écriture de Fayçal Belattar étaient portées sur une déviation consistant à déplacer la pulsion du corps présenté par l’orientalisme sur un autre support de représentation, il s’agissait de chercher de quelle manière on peut la reproduire dans un medium autre que pictural, en l’occurrence dans les arts de la parole (conte et récit), la musique et d’autres disciplines artistiques. Ce travail a abouti à une collaboration avec l’artiste peintre Vanesa Moreno intitulée « DÉSIRS ET CENDRES », à l’intervalle de deux mondes aux moyens d’expression différents mais en parfaite symbiose.

Le 23 Mai 2019 à 21h30 nous avons accueilli une conférence organisée par Business étiquette sous le thème: l’image de la femme dans l’Islam et la culture contemporaine. Mme Chamsdoha Al Boraki, experte en communication avance le questionnement suivant: la représentation que l’on se fait actuellement de la femme musulmane découle t’elle du texte fondateur de l’Islam, du Coran où est elle le résultat de la récupération culturelle? Elle souligne, « Il ne s’agit pas pour nous de changer les préceptes de l’Islam ou de faire une lecture sélective du texte coranique mais de relire le texte à la lumière des valeurs suprêmes de notre religion, celles de la justice, du Bien, de la miséricorde, de la Piété » Shamsdoha Al Boraki. L’ intervenante a fait fait une lecture académicienne qui ouvre le débat, le but était de restituer le rôle et le pouvoir de la femme dans la société son rôle de battante, de chef de famille , de politicienne... rôle qui a été restreint à la sphère familiale lors du décès du prophète.

This episode was recorded on August 23rd 2019, at the Tangier American Legation Institute for Moroccan Studies. In this podcast, we welcome David Balgley, Masters candidate in Arab Studies at Georgetown University, discussing his research project entitled: Land, Labor, and Youth Aspirations in the Gharb, Morocco. In this podcast episode, David discusses some of the factors impacting the labor decisions of young people in the Gharb, including the ways in which gender, class, and access to productive capital create and constrain the opportunities for youth in the Moroccan countryside. In addition, he breaks down how young rural people negotiate the tension between maintaining social ties to their ancestral land with economic pressures to migrate. In this context, David explores how the privatization of collective land in the Gharb could stimulate new labor possibilities, livelihood shifts, and youth aspirations. Further reading Akesbi, Najib. 2012. “A new strategy for agriculture in Morocco: The Green Morocco Plan”. New Medit 11 (2): 12-23. Balgley, David. 2019. “Assembling Land Access and Legibility.” In The Politics of Land, edited by Tim Bartley (117-142). Bingley: Emerald Publishing Limited. Bidwell, R. 1973. Morocco Under Colonial Rule: French Administration of Tribal Areas 1912-1956. London: Frank Cass and Co. Bossenbroek, Lisa, Jan D. van der Ploeg, and Margreet Zwarteveen. 2015. “Broken dreams? Youth experiences of agrarian change in Morocco’s Saiss region”. Cah Agric 24(6): 342-348 Bouzidi, Zhour, Nicolas Faysse, Marcel Kuper, and Jean-Paul Billaud. 2015. “Les Projets Des Jeunes Ruraux : Des Stratégies Diversifiées Pour Accéder Au Foncier et Obtenir l’appui de l’État.” Alternatives Rurales, Hors Série Jeunes Ruraux: 13–24. Faysse, Nicolas, Zhour Bouzidi, Zakaria Zadiri, Elhassane Abdellaoui, and Zoubir Chattou. 2015. “Les Jeunes Ruraux Aujourd’hui.” Alternatives Rurales, Hors Série Jeunes Ruraux: 4–12. Giuliani, Alessandra, Sebastian Mengel, Courtney Paisley, Nicole Perkins, Ingrid Flink, Oliver Oliveros, and Mariana Wongtschowski. 2017. “Realities, Perceptions, Challenges and Aspirations of Rural Youth in Dryland Agriculture in the Midelt Province, Morocco”. Sustainability 9: 871-894. Ghanem, Hafez. 2016. “Targeting Excluded Groups: Youth, Smallholder Farmers, and Women”. In The Arab Spring Five Years Later: Toward Greater Inclusiveness (107-135). Washington: Brookings Institution Press. Mahdi, M. 2014. “The Future of Land Tenure in Morocco: A Land Grabbing Case.” New Medit 13 (4): 2-10. Petit, Olivier, Marcel Kuper, and Fatah Ameur. 2018. “From worker to peasant and then to entrepreneur? Land reform and agrarian change in the Saiss (Morocco)”. World Development 105: 119-131. Swearingen, Will D. 1987. Moroccan Mirages: Agrarian Dreams and Deceptions, 1912-1986. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

This episode was recorded on July 25th 2019, at the Tangier American Legation Institute for Moroccan Studies. In this podcast, we welcome Ari Schriber, PhD Candidate in the Department of Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations at Harvard University, discussing his research project entitled: Moroccan Shari’a In The Age Of Colonialism Ari Schriber is a PhD Candidate in the Department of Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations (NELC) at Harvard University. He performed his dissertation fieldwork as a grantee of the American Institute of Maghrib Studies from 2018-2019. Likewise, he is a former Fulbright research grantee (2013-2014) and FLAS grantee (2012) in Morocco. He holds an AM (masters) in NELC from Harvard and a BA from the University of Virginia. Further Reading (in English):  Leon Buskens, “Islamic Commentaries and French Codes: The Confrontation and Accommodation of Two Forms of Textualization of Family Law in Morocco” in The Politics of ethnographic writing” ed. Henk Driessen, 65-100 (1993).  Dale Eickelman, Knowledge and power in Morocco: the education of a twentieth-century notable (1985).  Jessica Marglin, Across legal lines: Jews and Muslims in modern Morocco (2016).  Wael B. Hallaq, “Can the Shari’a Be Restored?,” in Islamic Law and the Challenges of Modernity, ed.s Yvonne Yazbeck Haddad and Barbara Freyer Stowasser (2004).  Katherine Hoffman, “Berber Law by French Means: Customary Courts in the Moroccan Hinterlands, 1930-1956” in Comparative Studies in Society and History 52.4, 851-880 (2010).  Geoffrey Porter, At the Pillar’s Base: Islam, Morocco, and Education in the Qarawiyin Mosque, 1912-2000, PhD dissertation (2002).  David Powers, Law, Society, and Culture in the Maghrib, 1300-1500 (2002).  Etty Terem, Old Texts, New Practices: Islamic reform in modern Morocco (2014).  Jonathan Wyrtzen, Making Morocco: colonial intervention and the politics of identity (2015).

This episode was recorded on March 8th, 2019, at the Tangier American Legation Institute for Moroccan Studies. In this podcast, Carole Blankenship, Soprano, and Irene Herrmann on the piano, performed a lecture as well as a musical performance entitled; Paul Bowles: A Musical Portrait.

This podcast featuring Ian VanderMeulen, doctoral candidate in Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies at New York University, and TALIM resident director John Davison, was recorded February 7, 2019. According to some religious leaders and other intellectuals, Morocco is in the midst of a “recitational revival” (sahwa tajwidiyya). Though its scope and effectiveness are not yet clear, the intention is a re-emphasis on two core Islamic disciplines that relate to recitation of the Qur’an: first, tajwid, a system of rules that govern pronunciation and rhythm of the Qur’anic text in recitation performance; and the variance of those rules across seven, coherent, recitals or “readings” (qira’at) that are equally sound. Within this revival, Moroccan’s historical preference for riwayat Warsh, a lesser-practiced variant of one of the seven qira’at has become almost a point of national pride, and thus the Moroccan state has devoted many resources not only to specialist study of the qira’at, but also popularization of tajwid through mass media. Engaging fieldwork at a variety of institutions, including new and pre-existing schools and state radio, Ian maps an institutional framework of this revival and describes some of its core elements. In particular, he compares and contrasts the work going on at two institutions of qira’at study, the state-funded Ma‘had Muhammad Assadiss lil-dirasat wal-qira’at al-Qur’aniyya in Rabat, and the private Madrasat Ibn al-Qadi lil-qira’at in Sale. Taking inspiration from the growing field of “sound studies,” and grounding his fieldwork in historical research on tajwid, the qira’at, and the history of sound recording, Ian suggests that the sahwa tajwidiiyya is less a “revival” of previous practices of recitation per se, but a refashioning of such practices and their pedagogies through the application of new technologies, from modern classroom whiteboards to digital studio recording. Ian VanderMeulen is a doctoral candidate in the Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies at New York University. A performing musician, Ian holds bachelor’s degrees in music and religious studies from Oberlin College and an M.A. from The Graduate Center, City University of New York. His research in France and Morocco has been funded by NYU’s Graduate Research Initiative and the American Institute for Maghrib Studies. Further Reading: Bates, Eliot. 2016. Digital Tradition: Arrangement and Labor in Istanbul’s Recording Studio Culture. Oxford University Press. Benmahan, Ahmed. 2014. Al-Tajwīd al-muyassar, b-riwāyat Warsh ‘an Nāfi‘ min tarīq al-Azraq. Al-Tab‘a al-thālitha. Rabāt: al-Iydā ‘ al-Qānuni. Denny, F.M., “Tad̲j̲wīd”, in: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Edited by: P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel, W.P. Heinrichs. Feld, Steven and D. Brenneis. 2004. “Doing anthropology in sound.” American Ethnologist, 31 (4): 461-74. Hirschkind, Charles. 2006. The Ethical Soundscape: Cassette Sermons and Islamic Counterpublics. New York: Columbia University Press. Nelson, Kristina. 2002 (1985). The Art of Reciting the Qur’an. American University of Cairo Press. Paret, R., “Ḳirāʾa”, in: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Edited by: P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel, W.P. Heinrichs. Rassmussen, Anne K. 2010. Women, the Recited Qur’an, and Islamic Music in Indonesia. Berkeley: University of California Press. Sterne, Jonathan. ed. 2012b. The Sound Studies Reader. New York: Routledge. ______. 2003. The Audible Past: Cultural Origins of Sound Reproduction. Durham, NC: Duke University Press. al-Timsimānī, Muhammad bin Ahmed Huhuwar. 2013. Tarājim Qurrā’ al-Maghrib al-Aqsā, khilāl al-qarnayn al-thāni ‘ashar wa al-thālith ‘ashar al-hijjrīyin. Tangier: Dar al-Hadīth al-Kattāni. al-Wafī, Ibrahīm. 1999. al-Dirāsāt al-Qur’āniyya bil-Maghrib fil-qarn al-rābi‘ ‘ashr al-hijrī. al- Dār al-Baydā’: Dār al-Thaqāfa al-Maghribiyya.

Retired U.S. Ambassador Carleton Coon, Jr. served as Deputy Chief of Mission in Rabat in 1976, the year that the Department of State agreed to allow the Tangier American Legation to be converted into a private museum honoring the historic U.S.-Moroccan friendship. In this podcast, Emily Albrecht of Dartmouth College interviews Amb. Coon, who recounts the efforts made to restore the Legation in time for the celebrations of the U.S. Bicentennial. Ms. Albrecht's interviews form part of a series of oral histories she recorded for her senior thesis, entitled, "Mapping Memories, Creating History: The Tangier American Legation" (May 2016), a copy of which is available in TALIM's research library. Amb. Coon, who passed away at age 91 in December, 2018, was profiled in a Washington Post obituary: https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/obituaries/carleton-coon-jr-a-diplomat-in-love-and-work-dies-at-91/2019/01/13/0c267d12-1539-11e9-90a8-136fa44b80ba_story.html?utm_term=.ae976838023e While serving as U.S. Ambassador to Nepal, he and his wife Jane Abell Coon, who was the U.S. Ambassador to Bangladesh, were profiled in the New York Times: https://www.nytimes.com/1981/06/08/style/2-ambassadors-test-their-marriage.html Ambassador Coon was the son of noted anthropologist Carlton Coon, whose field work in Morocco's Rif Mountains led him to be selected to serve at the Tangier American Legation during World War II as head of the Office of Special Service, which he chronicled in his book, "A North Africa Story: The Anthropologist as OSS Agent." Amb. Coon was also first cousin of TALIM Board Member Elena Prentice.

Ce podcast a été enregistré le samedi 2 Février au TALIM, le Tangier American Legation Institute for Maghreb Studies, dans le cadre d'une conférence animée par Dr Hassan Aourid, éminent politilogue, chercheur, écrivain ayant pour thème : les fondements institutionnels du Maroc traditionnel : Makhzen,Zaouias, Tribus. Dr Hassan Aourid a souligné le rôle de ces 3 composantes et leur pouvoir temporel ou spirituel. Le politologue est l'auteur d'essais, de nouvelles, de romans et de poèmes . Parmi ses ouvrages, on peut citer: Occident : est ce le crépuscule ? Bouregreg 2011 Le Morisque, Bouregreg 2011 Biographie d'un âne 2014 L'impasse de l'Islamisme 2015 Aux origines du marasme arabe, Tusna 2017 200 personnes ont assisté à cette rencontre .

Peter Kitlas: Moroccan and Ottoman Contributions to 18th c. Diplomatic Developments by TALIM

This podcast, featuring Dr. Mike Turner of the University of North Carolina Wilmington and TALIM resident director John Davison, was recorded on January 4, 2019. Traditional approaches to teaching Arabic in American Universities have focused on bringing students to proficiency in Modern Standard Arabic, a formal register of the language that is used throughout the Arabic-speaking world. In recent years, however, there has been a move toward building proficiency in spoken Arabic dialects as well. While most American students who study an Arabic dialect study either Egyptian or Levantine, the rise of Morocco as a primary site for study abroad and international experiences means that there is also a growing demand for instruction in Darija, the local Arabic dialect of Morocco. In this podcast, Mike Turner discusses his experience teaching Darija to various student groups in both Morocco and the United States. He highlights how different student profiles correspond with different pedagogical goals, which in turn inform what sort of curriculum a course should follow and materials it should draw on. As Morocco is likely to remain an important site for overseas Arabic study, the need for refined materials and methods for teaching Darija will only grow in the future. Mike Turner is an assistant professor at the University of North Carolina Wilmington, where he teaches courses in Arabic and International Studies. He holds a Ph.D. in Middle Eastern Languages and Cultures from the University of Texas at Austin. His research in Arabic linguistics has been supported by the Council of American Overseas Research Centers and a Fulbright Student Grant. The featured photograph shows a bilingual Darija/French advertisement from a café in Rabat. The top text reads “FIK’JOU3?” – meaning “are you hungry?” – and is a typical example of Darija written in Latin script. Further Reading Al-Batal, Mahmoud. 1992. “Diglossia Proficiency: The Need for an Alternative Approach to Teaching.” In The Arabic Language in America, edited by Aleya Rouchdy, 284–304. Wayne State University Press. ———. 2017. Arabic as One Language: Integrating Dialect in the Arabic Language Curriculum. Georgetown University Press. Brustad, Kristen, Mahmoud Al-Batal, and Abbas Al-Tonsi. 2011. Al-Kitaab Fii Ta’allum Al-’Arabiyya - A Textbook for Beginning Arabic: Part 1, 3rd Edition. Third Edition. Georgetown University Press. Chekayri, Abdellah. 2011. An Introduction to Moroccan Arabic and Culture. Pap/DVD Bl. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press. Peace Corps Morocco. 2011. Moroccan Arabic Textbook. Peace Corps Morocco. http://friendsofmorocco.org/learnarabic.htm. Turner, Mike. 2019. “Moroccan Arabic.” In The Semitic Languages, edited by John Huehnergard and Na’ama Pat-El. Oxfordshire: Routledge. ———. 2013. “An Introduction to Moroccan Arabic and Culture (Review).” Language Learning & Technology 17 (1): 50–55. ———. 2018. “An Integrated Moroccan and Modern Standard Arabic Curriculum.” In Arabic as One Language: Integrating the Dialect in the Arabic Curriculum, edited by Mahmoud Al-Batal. Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press.

This podcast featuring American doctoral candidate in the department of Arabic and Islamic Studies at Georgetown University Anny Gaul and TALIM resident Director John Davison was recorded in October 24, 2018. The historical record suggests that during the early modern period, culinary cultures in Egypt and Morocco had far more in common than not. But in the nineteenth century, the way Egyptians and Moroccans ate began to transform. As a result, by the 1950s, the new urban middle classes were developing culinary styles that could be considered ‘national’ for the first time. Today, Egyptian and Moroccan food cultures have little in common. Anny Gaul's research uses ‘cuisine’ (understood as both a cooking style and a cooking space) as a new framework for understanding the emergence of modern national identities in North Africa. Using sources that include novels, memoirs, cookbooks, state archives, and ethnographic data, the project traces the history of North African food cultures from the colonial period through the early decades of political independence. In this interview, Anny discusses what she learned about the cuisine of the city of Tetouan and her methodological strategies for studying the kitchen, which she describes as being "both everywhere and nowhere" in the archive. Anny Gaul is a doctoral candidate in the department of Arabic and Islamic Studies at Georgetown University. She holds an MA from Georgetown's Center for Contemporary Arab Studies and blogs at http://cookingwithgaul.com. Her research has been supported by the Council of American Overseas Research Centers, the American Institute for Maghrib Studies, and the Social Science Research Council. You can also find her on Instagram and Twitter. Bibliography and further reading below; attaching a photo of rafisa as well as a photo of me shopping for used books. For recipes and more information on the dishes discussed in this interview see: "Chicken Rafisa," on Imik simik: Cooking with Gaul, September 17, 2012. "Seven Centuries of Bastila," on Imik simik: Cooking with Gaul, February 25, 2018. Further reading: Bennani-Smires, Latifa, La Cuisine marocaine (Casablanca: Editions Alpha, 1974) Calderwood, Eric, Colonial Al-Andalus: Spain and the Making of Modern Moroccan Culture (Cambridge, Massachusetts: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2018) Gaul, Anny, "Cooking "Civilized" Sauces in Egypt and Morocco," Kitchening Modernity blog, January 23, 2018. Khatib, Toumader, "L'art culinaire ou le savant mélange des couleurs, des senteurs et des saveurs," in Tétouan: Capitale méditerranéenne, edited by M'hammad Benaboud, Tetouan: Publications de l'Association Tétouan Asmir. al-Minuni, Muhammad, "Dūdat al-ḥarīr wa-ṣināʿāt ukhrā bi-Tiṭwān al-qarn XIX," in Aʿmāl nadwat Tiṭwān qabl al-ḥimāya, 12-13-14, November 1992: 21-31. Seremetakis, C. Nadia, ed., The Senses Still: Perception and Memory as Material Culture in Modernity (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1994). Sutton, David E., “Food and the Senses,” Annual Review of Anthropology 39, no. 1 (September 23, 2010): 209–23, https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.anthro.012809.104957. Rahuni, Fatima, Fann al-ṭabkh al-Maghribī al-Tiṭwānī al-aṣīl, 5th ed. (Tetouan, Morocco: Matbaʿa al-Khalij al-ʿArabi, 2014); Roden, Claudia, The New Book of Middle Eastern Food, Revised edition (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2000)

This podcast featuring Jordanian architect Firas Hamdan and Columbia University anthropologist Audi George Bajalia was recorded as part of Tangier's fourth annual Youmein Creative Media Festival in August, 2018. Born in Kuwait in 1989, Firas Hamdan lives and works in Amman. Hamdan is a researcher interested in urbanism and in exploring his relationship to different cities. His works focuses on understanding cities beyond their physicality, driven consistently by a curiosity for investigating societal meanings and insignificant events of everyday life.  As part of his writing practice, Hamdan published with 7iber and AlQuds Al-Arabi tackling questions of identity, cultural practices in cities, collective memory and existence. With a major focus on gender-based violence as a cultural practice, recently Firas is conducting his research paper under the title “Representation of Marginalized Masculinities in Egyptian Cinema." Recently, he showed his ongoing research project “Cabaret” as part of the Youmein festival in Tangier and "C[a]rita," a programme of artistic interventions in Marrakech curated by the Madrassa Collective as part of the SUPERCOPY festival, after starting this project as part of the SUPERCOPY 2017 Festival curated in Mannheim, Germany.

La Résilience Architecturale en Mauritanie Professeur Franklin Graham de South Florida University, nous a joint le 26 juin pour discuter du thème suivant: de la résilience architecturale en Mauritanie. Traditionnellement le peuple sédentarisé en Mauritanie construisait leurs édifices et murs à base de pierres et d`argile. Le mot « toqleedi » en Arabe et en Hassaniyya, explique cette maçonnerie traditionnelle. Typiquement, les pierres sont d'origine sédimentaire elles proviennent d` anciennes couches océaniques. Le grès, facile de retirer est mélangé à l’argile locale; la majorité des bâtiments ont été construit de cette façon. Des anciens quartiers d’Atâr, Ouâdâne, Chinguetti, Tidjikja, Er-Rachid, Ksar el-Barka et Oualata en sont des modèles. Dans les sites spécifiques, comme à Terjitt, Aoujeft, Tichitt et Néma, la schiste et l’argile sont utilisés par le peuple de « Trab el Hajra » pour bien profiter de leurs ressources locales. Pour charpenter les toits, ils utilisaient les plantes cultivées dans les jardins ou les plantes sauvages trouvées près de leurs habitations. Le bois de palmier, du dattier, « en nakhîl » en Arabe, trouvé dans les palmeraies, généralement fut utilisé à supporter les toits. Les arbres d’acacia, « talha et tamât », et le bois de dattier sauvage « teïchott » en Hassaniyya, étaient ramassés et utilisés pour renforcer les seuils et pour fabriquer les portes et les fenêtres. Typiquement les personnes s`adaptaient à l’environnement pour construire leurs maisons, magasins, greniers et mosquées. Les traditions peuvent évoluer dans le temps. Effectivement la maçonnerie mauritanienne témoigne d’un changement dynamique et profond. Mais le changement n’est ni facile ni uniforme à comprendre. Pour des raisons diverses des villes et villages toqleedi sont en train de vivre une renaissance, ils sont tombés dans l`oubli. Les circonstances environnementales, économiques et sociales influencent cette complexité. Ci-dessous se trouve le bilan des entretiens et observations enregistrées dans les onze villes et villages dans l’intérieur de la Mauritanie durant l’été 2017. Quarante-trois maçons ont été interviewés à Ouâdâne, Chinguetti, Aoujeft, Tidjikja, Er-Rachid, Tichitt et Oualata. L'enquête a démontré que le type de maçonnerie concernant les quartiers d’Ouâdâne, Chinguetti, Atâr, Tidjikja, Tichitt, Oualata et Néma. Ksar el-Barka ont été abandonnée avant la période coloniale, le site de Terjitt est le plus petit et dispose d`un ancien quartier, et le reste est habité et sillonné par une une ancienne ville qui s’appelle en Hassaniyya et en Arabe « El Qadeema ». Ci-dessous, les résultats de la recherche sont expliqués pour chaque site, un sommaire est consacré aux régions de l’Adrâr, du Tagant et de l’Hodh ech-Chargui, et en conclusion pour la Mauritanie. Des propositions pour une recherche éventuelle sont proposées dans la conclusion. Lien vers la presentation de Franklin:  https://www.arcgis.com/apps/MapJournal/index.html?appid=e3cfe20a39264a91b5130c0e47d4b8f3

This episode was recorded on August 3 at a roundtable held at the Old American Legation as part of the 4th edition of Tangier's annual Youmein Festival. In a conversation moderated by Youmein Festival Artistic Director and anthropologist A. George Bajalia, curators Myriam Amroun (coordinator of DJART '14, Algiers, and founder of RHIZOME) and Laila Hida (founding director of Le 18, Marrakech), discussed how limits are expressed in art, and how limits define the boundaries of an artistic community or the public. The roundtable discussion questioned how limits, either self-imposed or externally enforced, can both restrict and encourage progress in the arts as well as in social, cultural, and urban communities. It also addressed topics such as boundaries in art and creative practices, and the relationships that emerge among stakeholders in different artistic communities. Presented by Borderline Theatre Project and the American Language Center in Tangier, the 2018 Youmein Creative Media Festival was a co-production with DABATEATR, in partnership with the Tangier-American Legation Institute for Moroccan Studies (TALIM), the Tangier American Language Center, and Association Tanger Région Action Culturelle (ATRAC). Links to le 18 and DJART can be found at: https://le18marrakech.com/en/?v=7516fd43adaa https://www.facebook.com/DJART14/ Also, the link to the "Anarquech" exhibition referred to in the round table can be found at: http://arnakechproject.com/

This episode was recorded on April 12, 2018 at the Tangier American Institut of Moroccan Studies, as part of TALIM’s annual April Seminar on the theme “Documenting the Cultural Heritage of Northern Morocco”, which is organized in partnership with the Office Chérifien des Phosphates. In this podcast, we welcome Sharon C. Smith​, AKDC Program Head, presents a lecture entitled "Documenting the Built Environment: Why and How?"

This episode was recorded on April 12, 2018 at the Tangier American Institut of Moroccan Studies, as part of TALIM’s annual April Seminar on the theme “Documenting the Cultural Heritage of Northern Morocco”, which is organized in partnership with the Office Chérifien des Phosphates. In this podcast, we welcome Dr. Michael A. Toler​, Archnet Content Manager, Aga Khan Documentation Center at MIT, presenting a lecture entitled "The Documentation of Cultural Heritage a Society in Transition". Thank you for listening to Maghrib in Past & Present Podcasts. Other episodes are available on our website, www.themaghribpodcast.com, as well as on iTunes and PodBean.

This series was recorded on April 12, 2018 at the Tangier American Legation Institute for Moroccan Studies, as part of TALIM’s annual April Seminar, organized annually in partnership with the Office Chérifien des Phosphates. This year’s seminar program was organized in collaboration with the Aga Khan Documentation Center at MIT (AKDC@MIT). In the first podcast, we welcome Dr. Mhammad Benaboud, Vice President of the Tetouan Asmir and the General Secretary of the Tetouan Asmir Club of Friends of UNESCO, presenting a lecture entitled "Documenting the Cultural Heritage of the North Moroccan Medinas : the Case of the Medina of Tetouan". In the second podcast, we welcome researcher and doctoral candidat Jordi Mas Garriga from the University Rovira i Virgili, presenting a lecture entitled "Towards valuing Tangier's Alawite heritage"

This series was recorded on April 12, 2018 at the Tangier American Institut of Moroccan Studies, as part of TALIM's annual April Seminar on the theme "Documenting the Cultural Heritage of Northern Morocco", which is organized in partnership with the Office Chérifien des Phosphates. In the first podcast, we welcome Dr. Mhammad Benaboud, Vice President of the Tetouan Asmir and the General Secretary of the Tetouan Asmir Club of Friends of UNESCO, presenting a lecture entitled "Documenting the Cultural Heritage of the North Moroccan Medinas : the Case of the Medina of Tetouan". In the second podcast, we welcome researcher and doctoral candidat Jordi Mas Garriga from the University Rovira i Virgili, presenting a lecture entitled "Towards valuing Tangier's Alawite heritage"

In this episode, Eric Calderwood (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign) speaks about his recently published book Colonial al-Andalus: Spain and the Making of Modern Moroccan Culture (Harvard University Press, 2018). Calderwood offers an overview of his book and also reflects on how the time he has spent in Morocco (especially in Tetouan) has shaped his research topic and his understanding of Moroccan history and literature. Grounded in nearly a decade of research in Spain and North Africa, Colonial al-Andalus explores the culture, politics, and legacies of Spanish colonialism in Morocco (1859-1956). It traces the genealogy of a widespread idea about Morocco: namely, the idea that modern Moroccan culture descends directly from al-Andalus. This idea is pervasive in contemporary Moroccan historiography, literature, and political discourse. Colonial al-Andalus argues that Morocco’s Andalusi identity is not a medieval legacy, but is, instead, a modern invention that emerged from the colonial encounter between Spain and Morocco in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. In pursuit of this argument, the book examines a diverse array of Arabic, Spanish, French, and Catalan sources, including literature, historiography, journalism, political speeches, tourist brochures, and visual culture. Eric Calderwood is an Assistant Professor of Comparative Literature at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, where he also holds faculty appointments in the Department of Spanish and Portuguese, the Center for South Asian and Middle Eastern Studies, the Program in Medieval Studies, the Unit for Criticism and Interpretive Theory, and the Program in Jewish Culture and Society. He received his Ph.D. from Harvard University in 2011. His research explores modern Mediterranean culture, with a particular emphasis on Spanish and North African literature and film. In addition to his recent book on Morocco, he has published articles in such journals as PMLA, Journal of Spanish Cultural Studies, The Journal of North African Studies, and International Journal of Middle East Studies. He has also contributed essays and commentary to such venues as NPR, the BBC, Foreign Policy, and The American Scholar.

Presentación del último trabajo de investigación de Rocío Rojas Marcos a cargo de la profesora e investigadora Randa Jebrouni. «¿Qué tiene Tánger?» Se preguntaba Mick Jagger al regresar de una estancia en las entrañas de la ciudad imantada para atraer a artistas. Quizá sea porque "posa altiva como una vedette en la puerta de África" -como decía Perre Lotti- o, tal vez, que produce "hermosos vértigos" -como apuntara Saint-Exupéry-. Lo cierto es que al calor de su cosmopolitismo y de su estatus de "ciudad libre", numerosos escritores de todas las partes del globo han sentido la fascinación por fijar su residencia en ella... o ser "aves de paso": Barthes, Beckett, Burroughs, Bowles, Capote, Genet, Ginsberg, Goytisolo, Kessel, Morand, Gertrude Stein, Tennessee Williams, Yourcenar. Pero hay una vinculación con España que no todos recuerdan: hasta la primera mitad del siglo XX, fue prácticamente una ciudad española en sus costumbres, sus fiestas, sus modos de convivencia... y su idioma, sobre todo. En esa Puerta de África, el español se convirtió en una lengua materna más y consiguió que hoy día podamos referirnos a la ciudad como de un ineludible enclave literario en castellano. En estas páginas se rastrea ese Tánger escrito, descrito y representado en español, en un tiempo en el que arribar en la ciudad debía parecerse a atracar en un puerto donde empezar de cero. Párrafo a párrafo, veremos desfilar a escritores como Carmen Laforet, Ramón Buenaventura, o el recientemente rescatado autor de La vida perra de Juanita Narboni, Ángel Vázquez, entre otros muchos. Todos bebieron (algunos en el sentido más literal) de aquellos espacios únicos situados en los límites del abismo; entre la creatividad y el exceso, la exuberancia y el equilibrio... Todo ello y mucho más fue Tánger en la primera mitad del siglo XX: un refugio, una válvula de escape, un espacio donde ser uno mismo... La huella de una cultura libre que miraba hacia nuestra península."

Morocco's little known tradition of women troupes who perform the famous Fantasia ("tbourida") equestrian ceremony is the doctoral focus of Fulbright scholar Gwyneth Talley from the University of California at Los Angeles, who discussed her research findings at TALIM on Monday, April 23. Gwyneth shared insights into the culture of tbourida and how the revival in women's equestrian sports, in particular the tbourida, coincided with the 2004 passage of Morocco's new personal status code, the Mudawana. The following afternoon, Gwyneth met separately with participants from TALIM's Women's Arabic Literacy program for a lively exchange on the same topic, this time in Moroccan dialect. Bibliography and Further Reading: Bimberg, Edward L. 1999 The Moroccan Goums: Tribal Warriors in a Modern War. London: Greenwood Press. Daumas, Eugène 1968(2012) The Horses of the Sahara. S.M. Ohlendorf, transl. Ausin, TX: The University of Texas Press. 1971(2012) The Ways of the Desert. S.M. Ohlendorf, transl. Austin, TX: The University of Texas Press. Djebar, Assia 1993[1985] Fantasia: An Algerian Cavalcade. D.S. Blair, transl. Portsmouth: Heinemann. Estrin, James 2015 A Female Fantasia In Morocco. In Lens. New York Times: New York Times. Mernissi, Fatima 1994 Dreams of Trespass, Tales of a Harem Girlhood. New York City, NY: Perseus Books. Sedrati, Azeddine; Tavernier, Roger & Wallet, Bernard 1997 L'art de la Fantasia: Cavaliers et Chevaux du Maroc. Casablanca: Plume. Talley, Gwyneth U.J. 2017 Tbourida: Performing Traditional Equestrianism as Heritage Tourism in Morocco. In Equestrian Cultures in Global & Local Contexts. M.T. Adelman, Kirrilly, ed. New York: Springer. Zand, Sahar 2016 Morocco's warrior women beating men at their own game. Pp. 2:39. London: BBC News. 2016 The Horsewomen of Fantasia. In BBC Women's Hour. S. Zand, ed. Woman's Hour. London: BBC.

قد تغير فهم الباحثين للتاريخ المتأخر للفلسفة وعلم الكلام تغيراً كبيراً. بينما افترض الباحثون السابقون أن الفلسفة اختفت بعد وفاء ابن رشد في القرن السابع ه / الثاني عشر م وأن علم الكلام انحط، فالدراسات الحالية تشير إلى مسلك آخر وهو اندماج الفلسفة إلى علم الكلام. مع ذلك، فحتى الآن ركز معظم هذه الدراسات على التيارات في الشرق الأوسط وبلد الفرس. في هذه المحاضرة، أتناول السؤال من وجهة نظر شمال إفريقيا وأقوم بذلك عبر تحليل مؤلفات أكبر متكلم المنطقة في ذلك الوقت، أي محمد بن يوسف السنوسي (ت. 1490/895). أنظر بشكل خاص إلى تبيب السنوسي لخمسة من عقائده الرئيسية والشروح التي ألف على أربعة منها، فكان تبويبها تبويباً واحداً يتضمن تقديم الصفات الواجبة في حق الله والصفات المستحيلة في حقه والصفات الممكنة وتبعاً لذلك الصفات الواجبة والمستحيلة والممكنة في حق الرسل. مما يبدو لمن ينظر في هذا التقسيم العقلي بين الواجب والمستحيل والممكن أنه يرجع إلى مؤلفات المتكلم الفارسي أبي المعالي الجويني (ت. 1085/478) الذي سبق لاندماج الفلسفة الكاملة إلى علم الكلام مع أنه تناولها إلى حد ما. بالإضافة إلى ذلك، فتبيب السنوسي يختلف بشكل واضح عن تبويب المؤلفات الكلامية المعاصرة له في المشرق. هكذا، يشير هذا التحليل المنحصر إلى الاحتمال أن مسلك علم الكلام في المغرب شهد تيارات مختلفة عن التيارات المشرقية في هذه القرون المتأخرة التي ما زلنا نقوم ببداية فهمها. Academic narratives around the later history of Islamic philosophy and theology (kalam) are in the midst of dramatic change. Whereas historians used to generally assume that philosophy disappeared around the 12th century from the Islamic world and that kalam stagnated from that time, more recent studies have demonstrated that in fact the former discipline was incorporated into the latter, resulting in a new dynamic that we are only beginning to understand. So far, however, most of these studies have focused on historical trends in the Middle East and Persia. In this talk, I bring the conversation to North Africa through an analysis of the writings of the region's most influential theologian during that later time period, Muhammad b. Yusuf al-Sanusi (d. 895/1490). Specifically, I look at the way that Sanusi structured his series of five theological treatises (four of them with auto-commentaries), which he wrote for a range of audiences, from advanced scholars to women and children. All of them had the same basic structure, addressing those attributes that are necessary to uphold with regard to God, those that are impossible, and those that are contingent, and then addressing the same with regard to prophets. This epistemological division and its usage as a structuring device seem to date back to the writings of Abu Ma'ali al-Juwayni (d. 478/1085), who addressed the philosophical tradition but predated its full-fledged incorporation into kalam. Moreover, Sanusi's structural choices contrast sharply with those of the later eastern handbooks of kalam that historians have been studying. This analysis -- limited but supported by my further reading of Sanusi -- suggests that later North African kalam may have witnessed some significantly different trends from the Middle East during this later period.

Cet épisode a été enregistré le 23 Février 2018, au TALIM, le Tangier American Legation Institut for Moroccan Studies, et présenté dans le cadre du colloque International organisé par l’association Al Boughaz de Tanger, intitulé “Le nouveau visage de Tanger.. lutte contre l’amnésie”. Sur cet épisode, vous écoutez l’intervention de Mr. Salaheddine Mezouar, l’ex ministre Des Affaires Etrangères et de la Cooperation.

Following up on his presentation at 2017 Annual Fulbright Symposium. "Spreading Awareness or Stealing Stories? How Sub-Saharan Migrant Networks in Tangier Perceive and Act Toward Outsiders Who Rely on Them for Information," Tangier-based Fulbright Scholar Sam Metz, of the University of California at Berkeley, spoke with TALIM Director John Davison to share some of his findings following his year in Morocco. Having spent the final months of his fellowship in the peripheral neighborhood of Masnana, living with the migrant communities, Sam offers unique insights on this timely and important theme. To read some of Sam's articles, visit his website at: https://samuel-metz.com/ Social media sites and webpages reporting on Tangier and North African Sub-Saharan migrant communities include: http://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/7558/la-formation-peut-etre-un-frein-a-l-immigration-clandestine http://www.infomigrants.net/ar/stories/ http://www.infomigrants.net/fr/stories/ https://www.facebook.com/migraciones.diocesisdetanger https://www.facebook.com/voiedesmigrants/, and https://www.facebook.com/PageGadem/

Retired U.S. Foreign Service Office Harland Eastman served as Consul-General in Tangier in 1976, the year that the Department of State agreed to allow the Tangier American Legation to be converted into a private museum honoring the historic U.S.-Moroccan friendship. In this podcast, Emily Albrecht of Dartmouth College interviews Mr. Eastman, who recounts the enormous efforts made to restore the Legation in time for the celebrations of the U.S. Bicentennial. Ms. Albrecht's interviews form part of a series of oral histories she recorded for her senior thesis, entitled, "Mapping Memories, Creating History: The Tangier American Legation" (May 2016), a copy of which is available in TALIM's research library. Mr. Eastman's biography is found at: http://www.paulauger.com/halloffame/inductees/Eastman.html

قراءة تعريفية عن محمد بن علي الرباطي

In this episode, Professor Michael Collyer, a geographer at the University of Sussex tells us about the different narratives people employ when talking about migration and borders. According to French sociologist Abdelmalek Sayad, immigration policy reveals how a state “thinks of itself,” and a lot can be gleaned about Morocco, Collyer says, through understanding how it approaches migrant populations living within its borders. Through discussing different narratives hoisted upon migrants—such as victimization, rebellion and autonomy—Collyer sheds light on the motivations behind changing migration policies both in Morocco, the African Union, the European Union and beyond. The American Legation was pleased to welcome Dr. Collyer on October 9, over a decade after he taught in the Geography Department at Université Abdelmalik Essadi in Tetouan over a decade ago. Sam Metz, a Tangier-based Fulbright Scholar working in migrant communities moderated the event.