Podcasts about Rubidium

RobChrisRob linked up from their various locations to talk about parasitic wasps, the woman who should have stopped feeding the racoons, losing the .io domain name, the robotic finger that will *cough* examine you in the future, the pink floyd themed Ham Slicer, Pud's hilarious artisanal headphones, Rubidium, Science Glassware, Agatha All Along, Beetlejuice Beetlejuice, Sing Sing Join our discord to talk along or the Subreddit where you will find all the links https://discord.gg/YZMTgpyhB https://www.reddit.com/r/TacoZone/

Lightning Minerals Ltd (ASX:L1M) managing director Alex Biggs joins Proactive's Jonathan Jackson after the company initiated exploration at the Caraíbas and Sidrônio lithium projects in Minas Gerais, Brazil. The company has started geological mapping and sampling with an experienced field team that possesses extensive geophysical data sets. Lightning Minerals is confident in the lithium potential of these projects, having identified multiple pegmatites and regional trends within the Salinas Formation, which contains several lithium resources. Early-stage exploration will help identify drill targets and enhance the company's knowledge of the region. Biggs highlighted the positive outcomes of an initial site visit in June, noting the identification of pegmatites and areas of interest. Since returning from Brazil, the company has focused on team-building and data analysis to proceed with its work program confidently. New employees and contractors in Brazil bring significant expertise in lithium exploration. Lightning Minerals reported $3.12 million in cash at the end of the last quarter, supporting its aggressive exploration strategy. At Caraíbas, the focus will be on artisanal workings with promising lithium, tantalum, rubidium and caesium grades. Geochemical sampling and reprocessing of geophysical data will target promising areas within the Salinas Formation. The region is known for its rich lithium deposits, including Latin Resources' Salinas Lithium Project, which has a significant global mineral resource estimate. #ProactiveInvestors #LightningMinerals #ASX #LithiumExploration, #MineralResources, #GeologicalMapping, #Sampling, #GeophysicalData, #Pegmatites, #SalinasFormation, #Brazil, #MinasGerais, #ArtisanalWorkings, #LithiumValley, #DrillTargets, #GeochemicalSampling, #ExplorationStrategy, #LithiumPotential, #ResourceEstimate, #MiningIndustry, #Tantalum, #Rubidium #invest #investing #investment #investor #stockmarket #stocks #stock #stockmarketnews

Lightning Minerals Ltd (ASX:L1M) managing director Alex Biggs joins Proactive's Jonathan Jackson to discuss promising results from aircore drilling at Dundas South, Western Australia. The exploration initiative, which concluded in February 2024, consisted of 96 holes totalling 3,820 metres, primarily targeting lithium and rubidium. Assay have confirmed significant occurrences of lithium (up to 994ppm) and rubidium (up to 1,834ppm) at depths reaching 26 metres. This work builds on and enhances the understanding of previously identified mineral anomalies. Biggs expressed optimism about nearing a potential lithium source, citing the methodical exploration strategy encompassing geophysics, soil sampling and drilling as pivotal in pinpointing key areas. The company plans continued exploration to further these findings. The recent drilling highlighted three key areas showing elevated lithium and pathfinder element levels, suggesting potential pegmatite systems that could support lithium enrichment. Specific drill sites have shown geological features indicative of hydrothermal activities favourable for lithium, with one drill hole displaying particularly high lithium concentrations in an unusual lithology, indicating further investigation is needed to understand the underlying causes of these anomalies. Additionally, Lightning Minerals is expanding its footprint by acquiring new projects in Brazil's Lithium Valley and Quebec, Canada, aiming to bolster its exploration strategy across globally significant lithium districts. #ProactiveInvestors #LightningMinerals #ASX #DundasProject, #lithium, #rubidium, #WesternAustralia, #mining, #exploration, #geology, #minerals, #drilling, #pegmatite, #resource, #mineralExploration, #aircoreDrilling, #soilSampling, #geophysics, #hydrothermal, #lithiumValley, #Brazil, #Canada #invest #investing #investment #investor #stockmarket #stocks #stock #stockmarketnews

In this episode we chat to John Wisbey, Chairman and CEO of International Lithium Corp who are a well-funded and debt free Canadian-based lithium and rare metals resource exploration and development company with strategic interests in Canada, Zimbabwe and Ireland. With a background in banking, financial technology and green energy, John has a successful career as an entrepreneur and joined the company in 2017 and shares his story, the background of International Lithium Corp and what is the outlook for lithium and the company. Plus the recent discovery of rubidium. KEY TAKEAWAYS International Lithium Corp is a well-funded, debt-free Canadian-based company with strategic assets in Canada, Zimbabwe, and Ireland. The company is primarily focused on lithium exploration but has recently acquired a copper project and is excited about the potential of rubidium as well. The outlook for lithium remains positive despite recent price fluctuations, with increasing demand driven by the shift towards electric vehicles and clean energy solutions. Copper is also expected to see high demand in the coming years, with significant growth targets requiring unprecedented levels of production. International Lithium Corp is planning to continue exploration and development efforts in Canada, Zimbabwe, and potentially expand into new projects to capitalize on the growing demand for battery metals. BEST MOMENTS "Lithium is a very key component of almost all the battery technologies at the moment."  "Rubidium prices have consistently been around a million dollars a ton in the last few years."  "Zimbabwe is number six in terms of world production of lithium at this point."  "We recently did a survey of 20 mining stocks in Canada, and every lithium-related company has gone down." VALUABLE RESOURCES Mail:        rob@mining-international.org LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/rob-tyson-3a26a68/ X:              https://twitter.com/MiningRobTyson YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/c/DigDeepTheMiningPodcast  Web:        http://www.mining-international.org Twitter: https://twitter.com/ILCtsxv LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/internationallithium/ Email: IR@internationallithium.ca ABOUT THE HOST Rob Tyson is the Founder and Director of Mining International Ltd, a leading global recruitment and headhunting consultancy based in the UK specialising in all areas of mining across the globe from first-world to third-world countries from Africa, Europe, the Middle East, Asia, and Australia. We source, headhunt, and discover new and top talent through a targeted approach and search methodology and have a proven track record in sourcing and positioning exceptional candidates into our clients' organisations in any mining discipline or level. Mining International provides a transparent, informative, and trusted consultancy service to our candidates and clients to help them develop their careers and business goals and objectives in this ever-changing marketplace. CONTACT METHOD rob@mining-international.org https://www.linkedin.com/in/rob-tyson-3a26a68/ Podcast Description Rob Tyson is an established recruiter in the mining and quarrying sector and decided to produce the “Dig Deep” The Mining Podcast to provide valuable and informative content around the mining industry. He has a passion and desire to promote the industry and the podcast aims to offer the mining community an insight into people's experiences and careers covering any mining discipline, giving the listeners helpful advice and guidance on industry topics. 

En nat i 1983 er Korean Airlines Flight 007 på vej fra New York til Seoul. På grund af en fatal navigationsfejl når flyet aldrig frem. Til gengæld markerer historien et vendepunkt i, hvordan mennesker finder vej fra A til B. Hør hvordan en mindre kursændring bringer Flight 007 direkte ind i løvens hule, og hvordan alkalimetallet rubidium spiller en af hovedrollerne i nutidens navigation.Periodisk – en RAKKERPAK original produceret af Rakkerpak Productions.Historierne du hører bygger på journalistisk research og fakta. De kan indeholde fiktive elementer som for eksempel dialog.Hvis du kan lide min fortælling, så husk at gå ind og abonnér, give en anmeldelse og fortæl dine venner om Periodisk.Podcasten er blevet til med støtte fra Novo Nordisk Fonden. Hvis du vil vide mere kan du besøge vores website periodisk.dkAfsnittet er skrevet og tilrettelagt af Maya ZachariassenTor Arnbjørn og Dorte Palle er producereRene Slott står for lyddesign og mixSimon Bennebjerg er vært

Intro Joining us this month is Dr Tiffany Harte, senior research associate in the group of Prof. Ulrich Schneider here at the Cavendish Laboratory. Tiffany is an experimental physicist who works with ultracold atomic systems. These are gases of neutral elements like Rubidium or Lithium which are cooled down to incredibly low temperatures and used to probe with extreme precision fundamental properties of quantum matter which would otherwise be inaccessible in other kinds of experiments, for instance in material science. She has done research at St. Andrews, Oxford, and now Cambridge, working on all the aspects of ultracold experiments, from devising optical traps, to performing quantum simulation of exotic lattices, to engineering the next generation of cooling and transport instruments. Her latest project is very ambitious: in a consortium of 7 UK universities, she is trying to build a new type of interferometer with the ultimate goal of detecting dark matter and gravitational waves.Tiffany is also a very passionate outreach communicator. She is interested in finding new and creative ways of presenting her research, for instance by combining it with dance or devising board games inspired by the physics she sees in the lab. Her goal is to make science fun and understandable for a range of different audiences, from children to adults. In today's episode, we'll talk to her about the challenges of devising experiments at the limits of zero temperature, on how to find motivation when experiments break down, and how to navigate postdoc life in and out of the pandemic.Stay with us…Please help us get better by taking our quick survey! Your feedback will help us understand how we can improve in the future. Thank you for your time.[00:36] – Guest's intro[02:16] – Early Background and inspiration to do physics [05:34] – Experience at St. Andrews [07:22] – First encounter with cold atoms, summer project involving laser beam shaping for traps[09:52] – Part of regular journal club where presented a paper on vortex nucleation in Bose-Einstein condensates [11:17] – PhD experience and challenges with the experiment(setup)[13:50] – Building back the experiment stronger and better[14:30] – Advice to a student dealing with similar issues (failed experiments, struggling with PhD)[18:33] – Post Doc at Cavendish Lab[21:02] – First project on quantum simulation of Kagome lattice for flat band physics and frustrated magnetism[25:28] – In the news this month we talk about a new technique to look inside Lithium-ion batteries. Clean and efficient energy storage technologies are essential to establishing a renewable energy infrastructure. Lithium-ion batteries are already dominant in personal electronic devices and are promising candidates for reliable grid-level storage and electric vehicles. It is very important to improve their charging rates and usable lifetimes. To do so scientist need to understand the changes occurring inside an operating battery. Researchers at the Cavendish have now developed a low-cost lab-based optical microscopy technique to study lithium-ion batteries. The key advantages of the methodology will enable further exploration of what happens when batteries fail and how to prevent it. The technique can be applied to study almost any type of battery material, making it an important piece of the puzzle in the development of next-generation batteries.[28:12] – Most recent experiment on AION project[37:31] – Outreach, Public Engagement and sharing the love for science [42:37] – Research Staff Committee role [46:25] – Outro--- Useful links: Visit Atom Interferometry webpage to understand...

Rubidium is a DJ, producer, and founder of the Vexed Sphere record label. She is also a resident, promoter, and co-founder of the Konstruct bimonthly party in San Francisco. The mix was recorded live at The Great Beyond festival in Minnesota on July 30, 2022. [...]

Chris Bishop's latest Quantum Tech Pod with Richard Murray, Co-Founder and CEO of ORCA Computing is live. His parents were science teachers who inspired hi to study math and physics. After receiving his PhD in coherent quantum comtrol of cold Rubidium atoms, Richard worked in the private sector--helped Oakley look at using nano structures to polarize their sunglasses! He led Innovate UK's £32 million program focused on quantum technologies, but had always wanted to start a company.  So, in 2019, Richard co-founded ORCA Computing. His distinguished team identified that short-term quantum memories could synchronize photonic operations, performing what is known as "spectral multiplexing." Check out their conversation. #quantumtechnology #quantumcomputing #photonicquantum #spectralmultiplexing #InnovateUK ORCA Computing Richard Murray LinkedIn profile Innovate UK website  

Granada Gold Mines CEO Frank Basa joined Steve Darling from Proactive to share news the company is reporting the first rubidium mineral resource estimate at the Granada property in Quebec. Basa telling Proactive the rubidium is estimated at 5,300,000 tonnes grading 295 grams/tonne rubidium, containing 1,600 tonnes rubidium. Basa said this estimate is in addition to the recently announced gold minerals resource update that saw the indicated mineral resources increased by 21 percent to 543,000 oz Au and inferred mineral resources by 71 percent to 456,000 oz Au.

The Field Guide to Particle Physics : Season 3https://pasayten.org/the-field-guide-to-particle-physics©2022 The Pasayten Institute cc by-sa-4.0The definitive resource for all data in particle physics is the Particle Data Group: https://pdg.lbl.gov.The Pasayten Institute is on a mission to build and share physics knowledge, without barriers! Get in touch.The PositronThe positron is the antiparticle partner to the electron.Ostensibly, positrons have the same mass as the electron, around 511 keV.  They also have the same electric charge - at least up to a minus sign. The positron is of course positively charged.Positrons also carry equal and opposite magnetic dipole moments to the electron: that little magnetic field carried often carried by elementary particles.Like the electron, positrons are stable. They do not decay. But of course, we don't see may of them around. When electrons and positrons collide, they annihilate each other! That is, they convert into a pair of photons, each with 511 keV of energy. Because it is *extremely* rare for photons to interact with each other, this reaction almost never goes in reverse, which explains why positrons don't accumulate here on Earth.As you might be aware, the matter to antimatter ratio of our universe is way out of whack - which is great for us! - but makes it a little hard to study antimatter particles like the positron.Sources of PositronsSome positrons are produced by the decay of cosmogenic muons - or antimuons, more precisely - that are formed when the pi-plus - the positively charged pion  decays. Those pions are in turn produced in collisions with cosmic rays in the upper atmosphere. Sometimes positrons are produced in nuclear decays, like an antimatter version of beta decay. Fluorine-18 - which has 9 protons and 9 neutrons - is one such unstable nucleus. Oxygen-15 - which has 8 protons and 7 neutrons is another. A more exotic case is Rubidium-82,  which forms when a strontium-82 nucleus absorbs an electron, converting one of its 38-protons into a neutron. Rubidium-82 then decays by positron emission, converting another proton to a neutron, resulting in the noble gas Krypton-82.Because the mass of the neutron is higher than that of the proton, positron emission is a form of radioactive beta decay that requires *extra* input energy, which is typically supplied by the remainder of the nucleus. It's a curious concept that we'll come back to in a future episode.In medicineBecause the photons emitted by the annihilation of a positron-electron pair have a very specific energy, scientific instruments can be calibrated to detect them. Positron Emission Topography is an imaging technique that specifically looks for these pairs of 511 keV photons - these gamma rays if you like. By injecting a radioactive substance that decays by positron emission, PET devices back calculate the gamma ray trajectories to build a three-dimensional model of whatever that tracer was injected into. Typically the human body!Fluorine-18, oxygen-15 and rubidium-82 are manufactured by particle accelerator for direct use in medical PET imaging. Sometimes those accelerators are RIGHT INSIDE THE MEDICAL FACILITY. That's right. Particle physics isn't just for lab rats or abstruse aloof theorists. It's crucial for medicine too! You can be a medical doctor AND study particle physics.PositroniumFinally, electrons and positrons can form a bound state - an atom if you like - called positronium. Positronium doesn't last very long - typically it decays by annihilation into an assorted number of gamma rays in a time that's measured in nanoseconds .The precise dynamics of positronium decay is a well studied science used in precision tests of quantum electrodynamics. We'll learn more about positronium later this season!

Today I am joined by filmmaker and host of the popular Crimson Engine YouTube channel, Rubidium Wu - who is currently in post-production for his latest feature film titled The Devil's Fortune. Throughout the interview Rubidium shares a behind the scenes look into how he built his incredible YouTube Channel from the ground up, and how it serves as an asset in his feature filmmaking journey. He also touches on his distribution philosophy, editorial process, approach to working outside of LA, and loads more. This is a must listen for any filmmaker looking to use content creation as a means to bring their passion projects to life. Links from the show: Crimson Engine - YouTube Channel Canon Masterclass - Website For more exclusive content like this every Sunday, click here to sign up for my newsletter.

Kristen ponders women's collective anger about strategized incompetence in our partners, Roo talks her new grounding practice, and we chat with Rafia Zakaria about her new book Against White Feminism.about what white women must do to make the feminist movement in America truly intersectional. She has some amazing insights on how white privilege has infiltrated the feminist movement and shares her experiences as an immigrant woman of color and how the feminist movement alienated her. You can find her book here. In this episode we also talk about: STORi Audrey Stackable Cosmetic Organizer Drawers  The Largest Laundry Detergent Sheets Port and Polish Modern Pill Box Roo's Record Player Chagaccino is your coffee's new friend with benefits! Just add one packet of the Chagaccino mix into your regular coffee or latte and transform it into an adaptogenic, superfood, mushroom-based mocha! It is delish AF, vegan, keto and has no sugar or calories.It;s mad e of 100% wild foraged chaga, raw cacao, Ceylon cinnamon, and sweetened with monk fruit. It tastes like mocha ice cream and cinnamon toast crunch had a baby. Chaga is crazy high in antioxidants Each Chagaccino packet has the antioxidant equivalent of 3 lb's of blueberries so it's amazing for immune support! Chaga is the most alkaline food on the planet due to its vast mineral content. Chagaccino Chaga has more Potassium than bananas, more Germanium than Turmeric and more Rubidium than Green Tea. Visit drinkrenude.com and use the promo code SELFIE at checkout to get 15% off Chagaccino orders!

In Episode 4 James and Aevry discuss their beef with Honeygrow, Overcoming fears, Being stabbed by jesus, Marketing , and meat scented candles.

In this episode, we briefly explain how Carbon-14 dating works. It is a method used to determine the age of objects only up to 50-60 thousand years old. Keywords: Fossil Record, Carbon-14, Isotope, Radioactive decay, Radiocarbon Dating, Richard Dawkins(00:04) Huge thanks to Podcorn for sponsoring this episode. Explore sponsorship opportunities and start monetizing your podcast by signing up here: https://podcorn.com/podcasters/

In this episode of the podcast, we dive into the mind of Henry Vu. Henry has completed his M.Sc at the University of Toronto, specializing in Laser Optics and Atomic Physics. He has worked on projects such as Laser and Atom Trapping where he investigated the molecular dynamics of YbOH molecules undergoing Zeeman-Sisyphus deceleration .. This podcast includes an account of his recent studies and a brief explanation of laser and optical physics along with his future goals and what he aims to do. @ 0:00 Introduction @ 1:10 Transitioning from High School To Bachelors to a Masters in Physics @ 1:30 Tips & Insights on Studying Effectively, Doing the Hard Things, and Self Motivation @ 2:10 Doing Well in University, How to Achieve Your Goals, Focus & Determination @ 2:48 Why Physics? Favourite Topics in Physics, Topics and Interests @ 3:18 Playing With Lasers, The Research Lab, Laser Experiments, Atom Trapping and Cold Clouds @ 4:55 LASERS and Atomic Physics, Energy States @ 6:23 Laser Cooling and Creating One of The Coldest Environments On Planet Earth @ 9:19 Reaching For Absolute Zero, @ 10:16 The Future in LASERS, Typical Applications of Laser Physics, Potential Prospects in The Field @ 11:56 The Masters at U of T, Developing Laser Cooling Techniques, Calculating Electron Dipole Moments Using YbOH Ziemann Decelerations @ 15:28 Python Vs Wolfram Mathematica, Which Development Language Is Best for High-End Scientific Computing @ 16:11 Getting a PhD, Gaining Experience in the Real World, The World Outside of Academia @ 20:31 Cyber Security & Cryptography, What is Cybernetics, and Why We Need to Keep Our Information Secured @ 23:33 Drone Programming & Control Theory, Into The World of Control Systems, and Chaos @ 26:53 Outro

As the world becomes more security conscious, we need to think about the ways we allow people to authenticate to our applications. WebAuthn is a standard that allows you to accept biometric, device based, and other types of authentication as a second or first factor. Gonzalo and Braulio have published a gem that allows you to add webauthn to your Ruby applications and have joined the Rogues to talk through the implications of using it in your applications. Panel Charles Max Wood Dave Kimura John Epperson Matt Smith Guests Gonzalo Rodriguez Braulio Martinez Sponsors Scout APM | We'll donate $5 to the open source project of your choice when you deploy Scout Rails Remote Conf 2020 Links FIDO Alliance - Open Authentication Standards More Secure than Passwords eremyevans/rodauth: Ruby's Most Advanced Authentication Framework Rodauth's demo site ported to Rails, showing Rodauth/Rails integration Bart de Water Picks Gonzalo Rodriguez: Follow Gonzalo > Github,Cedarcode GitHub Desktop Braulio Martinez: Follow Braulio > Github, Cedarcode ProForm Treadmills Charles Max Wood: Rails Remote Conf 2020 Codineer Podsurge Dave Kimura: Carbon | Create and share beautiful images of your source code Rubidium John Epperson: S'well Matt Smith: YubiKey 5 | strong authentication for secure login Follow Ruby Rogues on Twitter > @rubyrogues

As the world becomes more security conscious, we need to think about the ways we allow people to authenticate to our applications. WebAuthn is a standard that allows you to accept biometric, device based, and other types of authentication as a second or first factor. Gonzalo and Braulio have published a gem that allows you to add webauthn to your Ruby applications and have joined the Rogues to talk through the implications of using it in your applications. Panel Charles Max Wood Dave Kimura John Epperson Matt Smith Guests Gonzalo Rodriguez Braulio Martinez Sponsors Scout APM | We'll donate $5 to the open source project of your choice when you deploy Scout Rails Remote Conf 2020 Links FIDO Alliance - Open Authentication Standards More Secure than Passwords eremyevans/rodauth: Ruby's Most Advanced Authentication Framework Rodauth's demo site ported to Rails, showing Rodauth/Rails integration Bart de Water Picks Gonzalo Rodriguez: Follow Gonzalo > Github,Cedarcode GitHub Desktop Braulio Martinez: Follow Braulio > Github, Cedarcode ProForm Treadmills Charles Max Wood: Rails Remote Conf 2020 Codineer Podsurge Dave Kimura: Carbon | Create and share beautiful images of your source code Rubidium John Epperson: S'well Matt Smith: YubiKey 5 | strong authentication for secure login Follow Ruby Rogues on Twitter > @rubyrogues

As the world becomes more security conscious, we need to think about the ways we allow people to authenticate to our applications. WebAuthn is a standard that allows you to accept biometric, device based, and other types of authentication as a second or first factor. Gonzalo and Braulio have published a gem that allows you to add webauthn to your Ruby applications and have joined the Rogues to talk through the implications of using it in your applications. Panel Charles Max Wood Dave Kimura John Epperson Matt Smith Guests Gonzalo Rodriguez Braulio Martinez Sponsors Scout APM | We'll donate $5 to the open source project of your choice when you deploy Scout Rails Remote Conf 2020 Links FIDO Alliance - Open Authentication Standards More Secure than Passwords eremyevans/rodauth: Ruby's Most Advanced Authentication Framework Rodauth's demo site ported to Rails, showing Rodauth/Rails integration Bart de Water Picks Gonzalo Rodriguez: Follow Gonzalo > Github,Cedarcode GitHub Desktop Braulio Martinez: Follow Braulio > Github, Cedarcode ProForm Treadmills Charles Max Wood: Rails Remote Conf 2020 Codineer Podsurge Dave Kimura: Carbon | Create and share beautiful images of your source code Rubidium John Epperson: S'well Matt Smith: YubiKey 5 | strong authentication for secure login Follow Ruby Rogues on Twitter > @rubyrogues

  Join the 30-DAY CHALLENGE: "You Don't Know JS Yet" In this episode of Ruby Rogues, James Thompson, a Software Architect at Mavenlink, delves into how to address errors in a service-based system and how to prioritize what errors to fix. He goes into how to recognize the errors when they are creeping in and so much more. Panel Dave Kimura John Epperson Matt Smith Luke Stutters Guest James Thompson Sponsors Scout APM | We'll donate $5 to the open source project of your choice when you deploy Scout Rails Remote Conf 2020 Links Bugsnag OpenTelemetry Application Monitoring and Error Tracking Software | Sentry SignalFx smartinez87/exception_notification: Exception Notifier Plugin for Rails Errbit Picks James Thompson: Follow James on Twitter @plainprogrammer, Website The Annotated American Gods Luke Stutters: raggi/async_sinatra Dave Kimura: Rubidium Slim Gemfile for increased application maintainability John Epperson: Sharing puzzles with your friends so you can do puzzles during the current stay-at-home era Matt Smith: Pulumi - Modern Infrastructure as Code Follow Ruby Rogues on Twitter > @rubyrogues

  Join the 30-DAY CHALLENGE: "You Don't Know JS Yet" In this episode of Ruby Rogues, James Thompson, a Software Architect at Mavenlink, delves into how to address errors in a service-based system and how to prioritize what errors to fix. He goes into how to recognize the errors when they are creeping in and so much more. Panel Dave Kimura John Epperson Matt Smith Luke Stutters Guest James Thompson Sponsors Scout APM | We'll donate $5 to the open source project of your choice when you deploy Scout Rails Remote Conf 2020 Links Bugsnag OpenTelemetry Application Monitoring and Error Tracking Software | Sentry SignalFx smartinez87/exception_notification: Exception Notifier Plugin for Rails Errbit Picks James Thompson: Follow James on Twitter @plainprogrammer, Website The Annotated American Gods Luke Stutters: raggi/async_sinatra Dave Kimura: Rubidium Slim Gemfile for increased application maintainability John Epperson: Sharing puzzles with your friends so you can do puzzles during the current stay-at-home era Matt Smith: Pulumi - Modern Infrastructure as Code Follow Ruby Rogues on Twitter > @rubyrogues

  Join the 30-DAY CHALLENGE: "You Don't Know JS Yet" In this episode of Ruby Rogues, James Thompson, a Software Architect at Mavenlink, delves into how to address errors in a service-based system and how to prioritize what errors to fix. He goes into how to recognize the errors when they are creeping in and so much more. Panel Dave Kimura John Epperson Matt Smith Luke Stutters Guest James Thompson Sponsors Scout APM | We'll donate $5 to the open source project of your choice when you deploy Scout Rails Remote Conf 2020 Links Bugsnag OpenTelemetry Application Monitoring and Error Tracking Software | Sentry SignalFx smartinez87/exception_notification: Exception Notifier Plugin for Rails Errbit Picks James Thompson: Follow James on Twitter @plainprogrammer, Website The Annotated American Gods Luke Stutters: raggi/async_sinatra Dave Kimura: Rubidium Slim Gemfile for increased application maintainability John Epperson: Sharing puzzles with your friends so you can do puzzles during the current stay-at-home era Matt Smith: Pulumi - Modern Infrastructure as Code Follow Ruby Rogues on Twitter > @rubyrogues

Kuantum Teknolojileri Sohbetlerinin bu bölümünde Amerika'da doktorasını yapmakta olan Onur Danacı'yı konuk ettik. Doktora başvurularından kuantum makine öğrenmesine, akademik dedikodulardan tanıdık hoca çekiştirmecelere, sıkıştırılmış kuantum durumlardan Rubidium'un nadide özelliklerine pek çok konudan bahsettik. İlgili linkleri aşağıda bulabilirsiniz. Bu podcastte yer alanlar: Onur Danacı - Tulane University, Louisiana - Doktora Adayı Dr. Mustafa Gündoğan - Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin - Doktora Sonrası Araştırmacı (Post-doc) Zeki Seskir - ODTÜ Fizik Doktora Adayı İlgili linkler: QTurkey websitesi -- www.qturkey.org QTurkey Twitter - @KuantumTurkiye Mustafa Twitter - @mustgundogan Kuantum Optik Oyunu makalesi - https://www.pnas.org/content/115/48/E... Kuantum Makine Öğrenmesi üzerine (Nature Review Paper) - https://www.nature.com/articles/natur... Jonathan Dowling tarafından kaleme alınan Asım Orhan Barut anma yazısı - http://www.phys.lsu.edu/~jdowling/Bar... Bayesian Optimization - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayesia... Mechanical Turk - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Turk O'Hagan'ın makalesi (metamodelling) - https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/... Model discrepancy üzerine bir sunum - http://www.mucm.ac.uk/Pages/Downloads... Sıkıştırılmış kuantum durumlar - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squeeze...

Rachel Bisagni, aka Rubidium, is a techno veteran. Based in Oakland, she's a DJ, producer, and co-founded the bi-monthly Konstruct event series, which highlights American techno artists in particular. She's responsible for the latest edition of the AYLI Podcast, a slow burn of a mix that, as she points out, could very well serve as an opening set in a club — but is really designed for home listening. It’s proper zoning music, and I think we could all use a bit of that right now.

Rubidium is a reactive metal with few uses, named 'deepest red' due to its beautiful red spectral lines, says Allan Blackman from AUT in ep 70 of Elemental.

Rubidium is a reactive metal with few uses, named 'deepest red' due to its beautiful red spectral lines, says Allan Blackman from AUT in ep 70 of Elemental.

Rubidium is a reactive metal with few uses, named 'deepest red' due to its beautiful red spectral lines, says Allan Blackman from AUT in ep 70 of Elemental.

“Assessment of motion correction in dynamic rubidium-82 cardiac PET with and without frame-by-frame adjustment of attenuation maps for calculation of myocardial blood flow”. In this episode, Ian Armstrong summarizes the above study, highlights the new information, clinical implications and limitations of the study, and provides suggestions for future studies. The authors of this article have provided a PowerPoint file which summarises the contents of the paper and is free for re-use at meetings and presentations: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12350-019-01834-5#SupplementaryMaterial The article is available at: https://rdcu.be/bOyes Be sure to subscribe on your mobile device - search 'JNC/ASNC Podcast'.

Be sure to subscribe on your mobile device - search 'JNC/ASNC Podcast'. On 17th March 2019, Ami Iskandrian spoke with Christina Byrne about the recently published article entitled ‘Reproducibility of LVEF, LV volumes, and LV mass between Rubidium-82 PET/CT scans in young healthy volunteers using two commercially available software packages’. The authors of this article have provided a PowerPoint file which summarises the contents of the paper and is free for re-use at meetings and presentations: http://bit.ly/2WaJzqx The article is available at: http://bit.ly/2woYAWt

Rubidium is more explosive than the alkali metals above it on the table, but it's much more interesting when it's standing almost perfectly still.

Be sure to subscribe on your mobile device - search 'JNC/ASNC Podcast'. Fadi Hage and Pradeep Bhambhvani provide a ‘quick glance’ at some of the highlights from our forthcoming May-June 2019 issue. The articles discussed can be found at the following links: - S. S. Koenders & J. A. van Dalen et al. Impact of regadenoson-induced myocardial creep on dynamic Rubidium-82 PET myocardial blood flow quantification. http://bit.ly/2Pr3Bqc - Maria Sciammarella & Elias H. Botvinick et al. A combined static-dynamic single-dose imaging protocol to compare quantitative dynamic SPECT with static conventional SPECT. http://bit.ly/2ICHDQt - Wael AlJaroudi & Rami Doukky et al. The prognostic value of heart rate response during vasodilator stress myocardial perfusion imaging in patients with end-stage renal disease undergoing renal transplantation. http://bit.ly/2UQh8NU - Anastasiya Bagrova & David E. Winchester et al. Comparing two methods for determining appropriateness of myocardial perfusion imaging: Criteria from the American College of Cardiology Foundation and the American College of Radiology. http://bit.ly/2PriVDb - Alberto Bestetti & Federico Lombardi et al. Additional value of systolic wall thickening in myocardial stunning evaluated by stress-rest gated perfusion SPECT. http://bit.ly/2VnsJ6y - Alessia Gimelli & Alessia Pepe et al. Evaluation of left ventricular mass on cadmium-zinc-telluride imaging: Validation against cardiac magnetic resonance. http://bit.ly/2VjJ5xd - Massimo Imbriaco & Alberto Cuocolo et al. Assessment of acute myocarditis by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging: Comparison of qualitative and quantitative analysis methods. http://bit.ly/2ICXWNl - Jesse F. Veenis & Arend F. L. Schinkel et al. Prediction of long-term (> 10 year) cardiovascular outcomes in heart transplant recipients: Value of stress technetium-99m tetrofosmin myocardial perfusion imaging. http://bit.ly/2L8U7l8 - Kjersti Johnsrud & Mona-Elisabeth Revheim et al. 18F-FDG PET/CT for the quantification of inflammation in large carotid artery plaques. http://bit.ly/2ZvJTOL - Maryam Mahmood & M. Rizwan Sohail et al. Meta-analysis of 18F-FDG PET/CT in the diagnosis of infective endocarditis. http://bit.ly/2Zsqrm5

Be sure to subscribe on your mobile device - search 'JNC/ASNC Podcast'. Fadi Hage, Pradeep Bhambhvani and Jonathan Crayton provide a ‘quick glance’ at some of the highlights from our forthcoming March-April 2019 issue. The articles discussed can be found at the following links: - Jonathan B. Moody & Edward P. Ficaro et al. The utility of 82Rb PET for myocardial viability assessment: Comparison with perfusion-metabolism 82Rb-18F-FDG PET. http://bit.ly/2C5xwyE - Heikki Tuominen & Kalle Sipilä et al. 18F-FDG-PET in Finnish patients with clinical suspicion of cardiac sarcoidosis: Female sex and history of atrioventricular block increase the prevalence of positive PET findings. http://bit.ly/2Hf3UCh - Michael Ghannam & Venkatesh L. Murthy et al. Relationship of non-invasive quantification of myocardial blood flow to arrhythmic events in patients with implantable cardiac defibrillators. http://bit.ly/2HeIC87 - Adam Ali Ghotbi & Andreas Kjær et al. Early risk stratification using Rubidium-82 positron emission tomography in STEMI patients. http://bit.ly/2TbIai5 - Satoko Nakamura & Tsunehiko Nishimura et al. Prognostic study of cardiac events in Japanese patients with chronic kidney disease using ECG-gated myocardial Perfusion imaging: Final 3-year report of the J-ACCESS 3 study. http://bit.ly/2XCzDmP - Dayong Wu & Wei Fang et al. Comparison of CZT SPECT and conventional SPECT for assessment of contractile function, mechanical synchrony and myocardial scar in patients with heart failure. http://bit.ly/2He0EqP - Patricia N. Salimi & Friederike K. Keating et al. How to achieve patient-centered testing: role of the protocol nurse. http://bit.ly/2tSREzr - Francesco Cappelli & Federico Perfetto et al. Accuracy of 99mTc-Hydroxymethylene diphosphonate scintigraphy for diagnosis of transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis. http://bit.ly/2XFVppA - Efstathia Andrikopoulou & Fadi G. Hage et al. Incidence of atrioventricular block with vasodilator stress SPECT: A meta-analysis. http://bit.ly/2C4leGV - Shu Yokota & Siert Knollema et al. Coronary calcium score influences referral for invasive coronary angiography after normal myocardial perfusion SPECT. http://bit.ly/2IRt1Oh

Speaker 1:           Hi, everyone. Welcome to episode 21 of Getting Personal, Omics of the Heart from October 2018. I'm Jane Ferguson, an Assistant Professor at Vanderbilt University Medical Center and an Associate Editor at Circulation: Genomic and Precision Medicine. We have a great issue this month. So, let's dive straight in. First up, an article on "Loss-of-Function ABCC8 Mutations in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension" from Michael Bohnen, Wendy Chung and colleagues from Columbia University. In pulmonary arterial hypertension, or PAH, compromised pulmonary arterial function can raise pressure in the pulmonary artery which leads to increased pulmonary vascular resistance. This ultimately results in right heart failure. While PAH is relatively rare, it has a high rate of mortality. Some genetic underpinnings have been identified, notably the KCNK3 gene identified by the same research group where they find that mutations result in potassium channelopathy. However, here the authors hypothesized that other genetic contributors also exist and that identification of these could highlight new therapeutic targets to improve treatment and outcomes in PAH. In their study, the authors performed exome sequencing for discovery of novel disease variants in 233 PAH patients, 99 of whom had pediatric-onset and 134 with adult-onset. They sequenced a replication sample of 680 individuals with adult-onset PAH. They found a de novo missense variant in the ABCC8 gene in one patient and then found 10 more ABCC8 variants in other unrelated patients in the discovery and replication samples. Half of these were novel mutations and all were located in conserved regions and predicted to be deleterious. They screened over 33,000 subjects from the Exome Aggregation Consortium and over 49,000 from the Regeneron-Geisinger DiscovEHR study and found significant overrepresentation on rare ABCC8 variants in the PAH cases compared with population controls. ABCC8 encodes sulfonylurea receptor ... part of the potassium ATP channel. The authors determined that it is expressed in lungs in both PAH and healthy individuals and is particularly localized to alveolar macrophages and proximal pulmonary arteries. They expressed eight of the newly discovered ABCC8 mutations in COS cells, which are a monkey-derived, fiberglass-like cell line and they assessed the effects on function. They used patch-clamp experiments to assess potassium ATP channel activity and recorded efflux rates of Rubidium-86. Every mutation was associated with impairments in one or both functional assays, suggesting that mutations in ABCC8 are responsible for PAH by a modulating potassium channel function and flux. An existing drug, Diazoxide, targets ABCC8 and has anti-hypertensive and insulin-lowering effects. The authors find that all mutants were pharmacologically activated by Diazoxide in the functional assays. Now, whether this drug would be safe or effective in PAH remains unknown, but these findings open up targeting of ABCC8 as a possible treatment in PaH and highlight the importance of potassium channels in PAH. Our next paper also used whole-exome sequencing for novel discovery. Marzia de Bortoli, Alessandra Rampazza and colleagues from the University of Padua in Italy published "Whole-Exome Sequencing Identifies Pathogenic Variants in TJP1 Gene Associated With Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy". Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy, or ACM, is one of the most common causes of sudden unexpected death in athletes and young people. It is known to be frequently caused by mutations in genes encoding mechanical junction proteins of the intercalated disks within the cardiac muscle. However, some individuals with ACM do not have any mutations in known genes. This research group was interested in finding novel causal gene mutation and they use whole-exome sequencing to identify mutations from a single patient in Italy. They used InSilica tools to screen for potentially damaging mutations which brought their list of candidate mutations down to 52 and this was topped by a novel mutation in the TJP1 gene which was predicted to be highly deleterious using various algorithms. Using Sanger sequencing, they found that this mutation was also present in several family members. A second mutation in TJP1, also predicted to be damaging, was identified in a second Italian family. They then screened a sample of 43 Dutch and German subjects diagnosed with ACM and found that, once again, mutations in TJP1 topped the list as predicted to be damaging. The TJP1, or tight junction protein 1, encodes the intercalated disk proteins ZO1. The identified mutations may affect folding and local interactions within the protein, affecting protein-protein interactions and gap junction organization. Well, within this paper, they were not able to fully disentangle the mechanisms linking these mutations to disease, given that the prevalence of TJP1 mutations in their ACM samples was almost 5%. Screening for TJP1 mutations in ACM cohorts may identify many additional affected subjects. Further research into TJP1 is needed to identify how these variants may cause ACM. If you want to read more about this paper, you can check out the accompanying editorial from Jason Roberts ... Western University, Ontario ... in this same issue. Next up is a paper from Natsuko Tamura, Yasuhiro Maejima, Mitsuaki Isobe and colleagues from Tokyo Medical and Dental University entitled "Single-nucleotide Polymorphism of the MLX Gene Is Associated With Takayasu Arteritis". Takayasu Arteritis, or TAK, is an autoimmune disease causing aortic vasculitis that is poorly understood and disproportionately affects young Asian women. In previous genome-wide associations, study of TAK in Japanese individuals conducted by this group, indicated SNPs in the MLX gene. In this paper, the authors aim to identify mechanisms linking MLX mutations with TAK. The top GWAS SNP rs665268 is a missense mutation causing L-Glutamine Arginine substitution in the DNA binding site of MLX. They found that this SNP was associated with severity in disease in TAK. With additional copies of the risk alleles associated with more severe aortic regurgitation and greater number arterial lesions. In mice, the highest expression of MLX was found in the aortic valves. Using crystallography, they found that the missense mutation likely stabilizes a complex formed between MLX and MondoA. Immunoprecipitation experiments confirmed that the missense mutation was associated with enhanced MLX MondoA heterodimer formation and MLX transcriptional activity. This resulted in upregulation of TXNIP and higher TXNIP expression is associated with increased intracellular oxidative stress and the authors found for increased oxidative stress in cells carrying the MLX mutation. Further, additional cell experiments showed evidence of this MLX mutation reduces autophagy and stimulates inflammasome activation. Overall, through a series of really elegant experiments, the authors demonstrate that a missense mutation in MLX leads to inflammasome activation and accumulation of cells within the aorta, potentially underlying the pathophysiology seen in TAK patients and highlighting novel causal pathways that may be probed therapeutically.regular Our next paper from Danxin Wang, Wolfgang Sadee and colleagues from the University of Florida and The Ohio State University, also delves into the functional impact of disease-associated SNPs. In their paper, "Interactions Between Regulatory Variants in CYP7A1 Promoter and Enhancer Regions Regulate CYP7A1 Expression", they used a series of experiments to demonstrate how SNPs in CYP7A1 ... which have been associated with cholesterol and cardiovascular disease ... are related to gene function. CYP7A1 is a gene which coordinates a key pathway for cholesterol removal from the body because it encodes an enzyme which is rate-limiting for bioassay synthesis from cholesterol. Although several SNPs in the gene have been associated with cardiovascular phenotypes, the reported effects on gene function have been inconsistent and/or unclear. Because of the linkage disequilibrium between SNPs, it has been hard to understand which SNP or SNPs are actually functional. What this team set out to do was to systematically screen functionality of individual CYP7A1 SNPs to understand the independent effects of each functional variant. First, they used chromatin conformation capture, or 4C assay, to identify regions that associated with a CYP7A1 promoter. They found three distinct regions with evidence of enhancer function and [phonetic 00:09:05] active A>G regulation. They, next, used CRISPR Cas9 to delete each of the three regions in HepG2 cells and assess effects on CYP7A1 expression. One region had no effect, while one led to increased expression and one led to decreased expression ... thus, identifying the presence of both enhancer and repressor regions. Using reporter gene assays, they confirmed the effects seen in CRISPR experiments. Based on reported SNP associations, they narrowed down candidate functional SNPs within the regions and constructed reporter assays containing haplotypes of potential functional SNPs. They were able to identify two SNPs acting together to determine differences in CYP7A1 gene expression. Because these SNPs are in LD, but the minor alleles have effects in opposite directions, considering genotype at both SNPs is required to understand the effects on gene expression. This explains why previous studies found inconsistent results. Both during the functional experiments, they went to human samples and they assessed the combined effect of the two SNPs on clinical phenotypes. Designating people as high or low activity based on the two SNPs, they found significant differences in cholesterol and in the likelihood to reach cholesterol targets on statin, as well as in the risk of MI. This paper is a lovely example of how careful functional interrogation can tease out a complex problem and I think it highlights how much more of this type of work needs to be done for the many other genomic regions with confusing or discord in associations. The last full-length article concerns the "Effect of Ascertainment Bias on Estimates of Patient Mortality in Inherited Cardiac Diseases" and comes from Eline Nannenberg, Imke Christiaans and colleagues at the Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam. They were interested in how much ascertainment bias and the tendency to publish findings from more severe disease cases affects the mortality estimates that are used to guide clinicians and genetic counselors when helping patients understand their disease prognosis. They revisited three inherited cardiac diseases including idiopathic ventricular fibrillation associated with a mutation in DPP6, SCN5A overlap syndrome associated with SCN5A mutations, and Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy caused by a founder PLN mutation. They analyzed mortality over 2-10 years of clinical screening and cascade screening and found that the median age of survival quickly increased in all three conditions. In many cases, the reason that a mutation was identified was because of severe disease in that patient or family, but as the authors highlight here, this can bias publications towards associating the variant with more severe phenotypes and higher mortality. Following up the initial findings with additional screening and tracking of affected individuals is important to subsequently give a more accurate estimation of the effect of the mutation which can be used to inform treatment plans. Moving on to this month's research letters, Catherine Hajek, Jerome Rotter and colleagues from LA BioMed and the University of South Dakota, published the results of their study, "A Coronary Heart Disease Genetic Risk Score Predicts Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Men, Not Women: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis". The genetic risk scores are being increasingly applied to estimate disease risk in individuals. However, these scores are based on the GWAS discovery from specific populations which have often been disproportionately male and with individuals of European ancestry. In this letter, the authors wanted to understand whether coronary heart disease genetic risk scores performed the same in men and women of European ancestry. Using data from the MESA Study, they applied a 46 locus genetic risk score to over 2500 individuals. In men, this risk score was strongly associated with event rates. However, in women, there was no association. Given the known differences in disease pathophysiology and manifestation between men and women, this finding additionally highlights the need to conduct genetic studies in underrepresented groups so that we can design scores that accurately predict risk within specific groups. Our next letter comes from Xiao Wang and Kiran Musunru at the University of Pennsylvania ... "Confirmation of Causal rs9349379- PHACTR1 Expression Quantitative Trait Locus in iPSC Endothelial Cells". They were interested in understanding the affect of a coronary disease SNP in the PHACTR1 gene on gene expression. Previous efforts to investigate this had yielded conflicting results showing either a significant eQTL effect for PHACTR1 and vascular tissue or no effect on PHACTR1, but an effect on a distal gene EDN1 in endothelial cells. For this study, the authors used CRISPR Cas9 to introduce the SNP to iPS cells and then expanded isogenic lines at the major and minor allele homozygous and differentiated these into endothelial cells. They find that the major allele was associated with significantly higher factorial expression, but no difference in EDN1 expression. Thus, based on these experiments, it appears that PHACTR1 may indeed be the causal gene in that region underlying the GWAS signal and whether or not EDN1 is involved remains unclear. Our next letter is a clinical letter from Nosheen Raza, Anjali Owens and co-authors at the University of Pennsylvania. They report on "ACTA1 Novel Likely Pathogenic Variant in a Family With Dilated Cardiomyopathy". In this case report, they describe that the discovery of a mutation in ACTA1 in a family with dilated cardiomyopathy, but no skeletal muscle symptoms. As a gene that is predominantly expressed in skeletal muscle, ACTA1 mutations have previously been associated with skeletal muscle myopathies and would not have been expected to cause cardiac symptoms in the absence of skeletal muscle dysfunction. However, sequencing suggests that this variant is a causal mutation in this family, highlighting the need to consider potential mechanisms for cardiac muscle specifics of highly expressed skeletal muscle genes. Our second clinical letter comes from Laura Zahavich, Seema Mital and co-authors from the Hospital for Sick Children in Ontario. They report a "Novel Association of a De Novo CALM2 Mutation With Long QT Syndrome and Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy". They report finding mutation in the calcium transporter CALM2 gene in the child who presented with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and ultimately died from sudden cardiac death. While this patient also had some variants of un-insignificance, the CALM2 gene is highly conserved and mutations are likely to be pathogenic. The CALM2 is not on all of the clinical genetic testing panels and in this case, whole-exome sequencing was required to identify a mutation. CALM2 have been described in other individuals and together with the findings reported here, there's compelling evidence for inclusion of CALM2 on cardiomyopathy in clinical testing panels. This issue also contains a perspective article from Michael Mackley, Elizabeth Ormondroyd and colleagues from the University of Oxford entitled "From Genotype to Phenotype: Clinical Assessment and Participant Perspective of a Secondary Genomic Finding Associated with Long QT Syndrome". They describe some of the challenges arising from more widespread genetic testing including how to deal with incidental findings. A larger number of people including apparently healthy individuals are receiving sequencing results that highlight potential disease-related mutations, but with varying penetrance and uncertain effects. This perspective paper highlights the issues through case study and discusses future directions and challenges in this rapidly growing area. Finally, we ride out this issue with an AHA scientific statement on "Cardiovascular Health in Turner Syndrome: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association" led by Michael Silberbach and Jolien Roos-Hesselink and a group of co-authors representing the American Heart Association Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young; Council on Genomic and Precision Medicine; and Council on Peripheral Vascular Disease. In this statement, they discuss the cardiovascular complications that commonly occur in girls and women Turner syndrome. Cardiovascular disease contributes significantly to premature death in individuals with Turner syndrome. Because of the unique nature of the cardiac presentations in Turner syndrome, better clinical guidelines are needed to improve diagnosis and treatment of [phonetic 00:17:26] ischemia in these individuals. This statement takes a first step to outline suggestions to improve clinical practice and highlights the work that still remains to be done to inform disease management. That rounds out the October issue of Circulation: Genomic and Precision Medicine. Thanks for listening! You can go online to ahajournals.org/journal/circgen to access the latest issue and browse previous issues. As a last reminder, AHA Sessions is approaching fast and I hope to see many of you in Chicago, November 10-12. This podcast was brought to you by Circulation: Genomic and Precision Medicine and the American Heart Association Council on Genomic and Precision Medicine. This program is Copyright American Heart Association, 2018.  

  Show Topic: Using Food As Your Medicine with Chef Deb Co-Hosts:  Judy Gaman, Walter Gaman, Mark Anderson Guest: Chef Deb Cantrell Segment 1: Boy do we have the show for you today. It applies to everyone because we all have to eat. What we eat can either help you or harm you, so we brought in Chef Deb Cantrell from Savor Culinary Services for a whole hour of nutrition that tastes good and serves a purpose all at the same time. Chef Deb – What made you, a physical therapist, change course and become a chef? Why nutrition is such an important component to overall health? What are the commonalities among all diets? Why fad diets don't work The fads the doctors have to laugh at – what were people thinking? DOC SHOCK We have long had tumor marker blood tests, but now there may be a new way to detect those cells. I'm talking about the cells that break off from a tumor and float through the blood stream. Researchers out of Stanford University School of Medicine have developed a magnetic wire that attracts these little cells and allows for tumor identification. The research hasn't yet been tried in humans, but it seems to work well in mice. The key is to magnetize the tumor cells with nanoparticles. If they can find a way to do this through a FDA process, the wire may be able to detect the tumor cells more effectively and accurately. Read more! Follow us on Facebook! Tweet us on Twitter! Download the show on iTunes! Visit our website! Call us at  844-well 100 Segment 2: Today's focus is all about using food to fuel and to heal your body. If you ever wondered which sweeter is best for you, stay tuned because Chef Deb of Savor Culinary Services is going to tell us. Immortal minute An open discussion on sugar – which types are better Why artificial sweeteners are the great lie Should you buy organic – does it matter Transitioning to a healthy diet – training the pallet Segment 3: We're here with Chef Deb of Savor Culinary Services. Food can heal or harm your body. If you want to stay Young and stay healthy, knowing what to eat is key Living with Celiac – how to go gluten free What changes your taste buds – cancer and other illnesses Food that give an overgrowth of yeast Paleo vs keto Fruits which should be eaten in moderation (bananas, oranges) Segment 4: Medical Mania Trivia – Luise True or False. Cilia – tiny hairs in our lungs and nasal passages can “taste” bitter flavors (True!) How many muscles does it take to take a step? A. 1 B. 17 C. 200 (It takes 200 muscles to take one step) If you could capture, bottle, and measure the chemical elements within one adult body, what would they be worth in US dollars? ($160 - Alkali Metals – Lithium, Sodium, Potassium, Rubidium and Caesium are the most expensive elements with Potassium having the most valuable) What was the highest fever ever recorded in a live human being? (115.7 Degrees – brain damage occurs when it reaches 107.8 or higher) The human heart is located where? Right side, left side, or the middle (The middle – but tips slightly toward the left. Thus, why we put our right hand over our heart when we say the pledge.) Open discussion DEMENTIA DEFENDER LAST WEEKS RIDDLE WAS: An experienced diver can stay under water for nearly 5 minutes.  A news reporter tells him that she can stay underwater for 10 minutes without using any breathing gear.  The diver offered the woman $5,000 if she can do it.  The diver ends up having to pay her the money.  How does she do it?  A: She holds a glass of water over her head for 10 minutes.   This week's riddle: I have 4 fingers and a thumb, but not a breath do I take. What am I? Thank you for listening to the Staying Young Show! With all the mixed messages on health, you need information that you can use and that you can trust. Listen in as the experts discuss all topics health related. It's time to STAY YOUNG and stay healthy! Each week we tackle a topic and often with leading scientists, best-selling authors, and even your favorite celebrities! As a listener of our show, your input is important to us. Please take a moment to fill out this quick survey so we can serve you better - Survey For more information on The Staying Young Show, please visit our website, and subscribe to the show in iTunes, Stitcher, or your favorite podcast app. You can also reach out to our host, Judy Gaman on www.judygaman.com for book purchasing, and speaking opportunities in your area!

On January 25th 2017, Heinrich R. Schelbert and Benjamin C. Lee discussed Benjamin's article entitled 'Optimization of temporal sampling for Rubidium-82 PET myocardial blood flow quantification'. The authors of this article have provided a PowerPoint file which summarises the contents of the paper and is free for re-use at meetings and presentations: http://bit.ly/2nBRRUI The article is available at: https://rdcu.be/LSC4 Be sure to subscribe on your mobile device - search 'JNC/ASNC Podcast'.

Tracks by BILY, Shlømo, ABSL, 440PPM, Exium, Marco Bruno, Osvil D, Liss C, Phase Fatale, Silent Servant, Paul Ritch, Rubidium, Uun, Patrick Siech, Eduardo de la Calle, Eric Fetcher, Panda, WAFFENSUPERMARKT, Aempty, Bastian Balders, Niereich, Rèdacs, Linear Straight, Future Tragedy, Loris Grimaldi, Surgeon, Mark Broom, Confluence, Unbalance, Developer, Ossa Di Mare, DJ Red, Solenoid.

Tracks by BILY, Shlømo, ABSL, 440PPM, Exium, Marco Bruno, Osvil D, Liss C, Phase Fatale, Silent Servant, Paul Ritch, Rubidium, Uun, Patrick Siech, Eduardo de la Calle, Eric Fetcher, Panda, WAFFENSUPERMARKT, Aempty, Bastian Balders, Niereich, Rèdacs, Linear Straight, Future Tragedy, Loris Grimaldi, Surgeon, Mark Broom, Confluence, Unbalance, Developer, Ossa Di Mare, DJ Red, Solenoid.

(Looks to camera) "Oh no." This episode is brought to you in part by our rad friends at The Fizzy Fairy Apothecary! Check them out on Etsy (https://www.etsy.com/shop/FizzyFairyApothecary/) and tell 'em The Dungeon Hole sent ya! :) Thanks again for sticking with us, you guys!

Welcome to Decomposed Radio show 30, where we're super excited to be featuring "Rubidium" with a storming mix of solid, tough techno. Rubidium is Rachel Bisgani, based out of Oakland California. She's shared the stage with some serious techno heavy hitters such as Black Asteroid and Tommy Four Seven, and also supports the outstanding cutting edge techno label "From 0-1" as art director, which is a firm favourite of ours. After listening to the incredible mix she's provided us with for the show, we're pretty sure you'll want to check out more of Rubidium's music, so get yourselves over to her soundcloud page, and also look up her "Kitzflapper" EP on Anode records, the title track of which is an absolute killer! Also just a quick shout out to friend of the show Si Moore, for joining the dots and helping us feature an artist of Rubidium's calibre on the show. So crank it up and get involved with Decomposed Radio show #030, with Rubidium.

Nyttig kannibalism, doftsinnet, Eva Ekeblads hembränning, cancerläkemedel, lurendrejeri med minnesförstärkande kosttillskott och det mustiga grundämnet Rubidium. ---   Gemytlig podcast om Vetenskap & kuriosa. email: poddenrimligheten@gmail.com "Rimligheten" på facebook för extramaterial Vi undanber oss hashtags.

A big thanks to Michal Joblonski for his spectacular live set, we hope that you enjoyed it as much we do! if you wanna know more about him or his music, check out his Facebook or Soundcloud. For the next Drone Podcast we travel back to the United States, the westcoast this time. This Techno Minded Hero is based in Oakland, California. He recently released 2 ep’s this past month on Wall Music and on Etichetta Nera Which you can check (and get) out here:https://etichettanera.bandcamp.com/album/endgt044-milkplant-plutonium-ephttps://www.beatport.com/release/kilovolt/1812284This Techno Minded Hero is the founder and co-owner of “from 0-1” label together with his parther in crime, Sone. This is the home for artists like John Massey, Cyanwave, The Automatic Message, Rubidium and others.And they also host their own podcast series, FROM 0-1 STUDIO SESSIONS. Which is definitely word listing to: http://www.from0-1.com/category/studiosessions/He played at this year’s DEMF’s Droid interface after party, besides names as ADAM X, Headless horseman, Cassegrain and Kyle Geiger.We are very happy to have him on this drone podcast No.54: Milkplant!Please enjoy!

Episode 096 with Rubidium Tracks by the following artists and remixers: Agony Forces Attemporal AX(and)P BNJMN CNCPT DARFDHS Diagenetic Origin DJ Boss Drumcell Error Etica Farceb Ikola Inland Jeroen Search Kitkatone Kwartz Mike Parker PEARL Robert Hood Sawf SLV Yan Cook

The Physics Department celebrated the International Year of Light with its luminescence festival. Here is one of the talks, from Eyal Schwartz. Eyal talks about discovering other planets and just how hard that can be; the techniques and tools scientists use to track down exo-planets.

The Physics Department celebrated the International Year of Light with its luminescence festival. Here is one of the talks, from Niels Kjaergaard who works in the Centre for Quantum Science. Niels talks about manipulating groups of atoms, dividing them, the patterns they make etc.

This week we have an extra special episode: It was recorded live on stage in Atlanta for this year’s Dragon Con. We talk about the science of Archer—the hit FX series TV series created by Adam Reed. To do that, we welcome to the show Dr. Krieger himself, Lucky Yates, as well as forensic chemist and former Inquiring Minds guest Raychelle Burks—a.k.a. Dr. Rubidium.Check out behind the scenes photos and video of the entire show at patreon.com/inquiringminds.Note: We swear more than usual on this episode and you might not want to listen to it with your kids. Sorry about that. Or, you're welcome.

This week, we're celebrating Women in Science by looking at the victories and challenges of women working in science and tech. Join us for a panel discussion with postdoctoral research associate and science communicator Raychelle "Dr. Rubidium" Burks, Colgate University Professor of Psychology Jessica Cundiff, Ph.D., Physics Professor Dr. Shohini Ghose, Director of the Wilfrid Laurier University Centre for Women in Science, and Catherine Hill, Ph.D, vice president for research at the American Association of University Women. And we'll speak to Brianna Wu, Head of Development at videogame company Giant Spacekat, about feminism, gaming industry culture, and her experience as an outspoken critic of #GamerGate.

Episode 078 with Rubidium Tracklist: 01 Gunnar Haslam - Let A Hundred Flowers Bloom - Mister Saturday Night 02 Planetary Assault Systems - Human Like Us - Ostgut Ton 03 Plural - Nebula - Panel Trax Records 04 Perc and Truss - Van Der Valk - Perc Trax 05 Mike Parker - GPH16-B1 - Geophone 06 Jeff Mills - The Bells (Festival Mix) - Purpose Maker 07 Yann Cook - Bell - Dynamic Reflection 08 Norman Nodge - BB1 - MDR 09 Amen Andrews - Amen HQ - Blueberry Records 10 Mick Finesse and Pinion - Dead Boyfriend Alley - Perc Trax 11 Lewis Fautzi - Binary - Soma 12 Robert S - Core Error - Arts Digital 13 Banda Sonora - Guitarra G (Warren Clarke's Beats) - Defected 14 James Ruskin - Logical Force (Claude Young Remix) - Blueprint 15 Remake - Blade Runner - Top Secret 16 The Exaltics - Node 2 (Delta Funktionen Remix) - Modal Analysis 17 Pacou - Phase Transition - Tresor 18 Makaton - Night 1 - Token 19 UVB - Five O - Mord 20 DJ T 1000 - Theme From Vectra - Pure Sonik 21 James Ruskin - Eight 3 - Tresor 22 ROD - Tripp - Semantica 23 Phase - Decode - Token 24 Plant43 - Twilight Sequence - Semantica 25 Drumcell - Empty - CLR

Remember those stick-figures of chemical compounds you were forced to memorize in high school? Remember how useless it seemed at the time? Can you still articulate the difference between a covalent bond and an ionic one (without checking Wikipedia)? If not, pay attention: You might be caught flat-footed during the zombie apocalypse.The CDC suggests (half-seriously) having a zombie-preparedness kit (after all, it would also be useful in case of pandemics and hurricanes). But chemist and blogger Raychelle Burks has a simpler solution—one that would have greatly de-grossified a famous scene from The Walking Dead, in which Rick and his fellow apocalypse survivors slathered the guts of dead humans all over themselves, to jam the zombies' chemosenses with the smell of rotting flesh and thereby, escape."They used chemical camouflage," explains Burks, to trick the zombies into thinking they were fellow undead. The only problem: Icky and dangerous exposure to blood, guts, and pathogens. Burks has a better idea. "There's a couple of key chemicals that smell really stinky," she explains on this week’s episode. "Two right off the top would be—and they've got great names—cadaverine and putrescine…and they do smell like their names." In fact, these chemicals are used to train cadaver dogs, which search for dead bodies. "You could make up a death cologne," Burks continues. "Kind of use chemical camouflage to your advantage so that you can sneak through a zombie horde."Known as Dr. Rubidium on Twitter—a name she chose because element 37 of the periodic table, Rubidium, has the symbol "RB," the same as her initials—Burks is a self-described "magical unicorn": A black, female, analytical chemist working at Nebraska's Doane College. Professionally, much of her research has focused on how to create quick chemical tests to help law enforcement officials detect the presence of explosives, and particularly those that are peroxide based, which are both extremely dangerous, and also fairly easy to make.On the show this week, we talked to Burks about a wide range of chemistry-related topics, including the widespread confusion over terms like "natural," "organic," and "chemical."This episode also features a discussion of a controversial study concluding that hurricanes with female names are deadlier, as well as new research into how spiders use their webs to detect sound vibrations.iTunes: itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/inquiring-minds/id711675943RSS: feeds.feedburner.com/inquiring-mindsStitcher: stitcher.com/podcast/inquiring-minds

In den letzten Jahren haben sich atomare Quantengase in optischen Gittern zu einem faszinierenden und interdisziplinär bedeutsamen Forschungsfeld entwickelt. Die in den periodischen Potentialen gefangenen ultrakalten Atome stellen ein ideales Modellsystem dar, anhand dessen sich grundlegende Fragestellungen der modernen Festkörper- und Vielteilchenphysik untersuchen lassen. In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden neue Methoden zur Manipulation und Analyse von Quantenzuständen in optischen Gittern demonstriert. Insbesondere wird mittels der sogenannten Rauschkorrelationsanalyse die Ordnung der Atome im Gitter bestimmt und erstmals fermionisches Antibunching an freien neutralen Atomen nachgewiesen. Grundlage für die vorgestellten Experimente ist eine im Rahmen dieser Arbeit neu entwickelte Apparatur, mit der sich simultan entartete bosonische und fermionische Quantengase aus 87-Rubidium und 40-Kalium präparieren und in einem dreidimensionalen optischen Gitter untersuchen lassen. Die Apparatur zeichnet sich durch eine Serie technischer Innovationen aus: Eine neuartige Spulen- und Fallenkonfiguration eröffnet einen hervorragenden optischen Zugang zu den präparierten Ensemblen und ermöglicht es, starke homogene Magnetfelder bei einer geringen dissipierten Leistung zu erzeugen. Dies sind wichtige Voraussetzungen, um definierte Gitterpotentiale verwirklichen und die interatomaren Wechselwirkungen mittels Feshbach-Resonanzen beeinflussen zu können. Das optische Potential geht aus der Überlagerung einer gekreuzten Dipolfalle und eines blauverstimmten dreidimensionalen Gitters hervor. Eine solche Kombination erlaubt es, sehr tiefe und relativ homogene Gitterpotentiale zu erzeugen sowie den externen Einschluss unabhängig von der Gittertiefe zu variieren. Des Weiteren lassen sich über eine frei einstellbare Wellenlänge speziesabhängige Gitter realisieren. Die Vereinigung der hier aufgeführten Technologien liefert uns eine außergewöhnlich flexible Plattform für das Studium maßgeschneiderter Quantenzustände in periodischen Potentialen. Durch den unabhängigen externen Einschluss kann erstmals ein Fermigas allein über dessen Kompression zwischen einem metallischen und einem isolierenden Zustand hin- und hergeschaltet und – in ersten Ansätzen – die entsprechende Dynamik beobachtet werden. Die Ergebnisse werden mit numerischen Simulationen verglichen. Neben der Durchführung von Transportmessungen lässt sich hieraus ein neues Diagnoseverfahren ableiten, das es ermöglicht, Quantenphasen, wie den bosonischen oder fermionischen Mott-Isolator, anhand der charakteristischen Kompressibilität zu identifizieren. Als weiteres Diagnoseverfahren wird die Korrelationsanalyse von Flugzeitaufnahmen vorgestellt. Durch die Auswertung von Hanbury Brown und Twiss (HBT)-Korrelationen im Quantenrauschen der expandierenden Atomwolken lässt sich die mikroskopische Ordnung der Atome im Gitter nachweisen. Ausgangspunkt für die Messungen sind jeweils vollständig spinpolarisierte bosonische Mott-Isolatoren und fermionische Bandisolatoren. Trotz identischer Dichteverteilungen innerhalb des Gitters, weisen die Korrelationen von Bosonen und Fermionen entgegengesetzte Vorzeichen auf. Mit diesen Messungen gelingt es erstmals, fermionisches Antibunching an freien neutralen Atomen zu beobachten und innerhalb einer selben Apparatur mit dem bosonischen Bunching zu vergleichen. Neben dem Nachweis dieses fundamentalen Quanteneffektes lässt sich die Ordnung und die Temperatur der Fermionen im Gitter bis hinauf zur Fermi-Temperatur bestimmen. Damit erweist sich die Korrelationsanalyse als ein robustes Verfahren, mit dem sich in Zukunft noch weitaus komplexere Quantenphasen in optischen Gittern untersuchen lassen.

Rubidium podcast from Chemistry World - the magazine of the Royal Society of Chemistry.

The Show Notes:IntroParsec NominationsAcoustic duo vs. PFAOccasional Songs for the Periodic TableCobalt, Nickel, Copper, Zinc, Gallium, Germanium, Arsenic, Selenium, Bromine, Krypton, Rubidium, Strontium, Yttrium, Zirconium, Niobium, Molybdendum, Technetium, Ruthenium, Rhodium, Palladium, SilverA Super Magumba Ask George - Matt Frewer? Marty Gordon- Tom Cruise and Germany? Mike Lee- Ukrainian? Steven Novak- Accents and the other e-mail? Terence Praet - Real piano vs. fake piano? Mat from London- Prime Number? Light Twinkie? Clair High- The J. Foster Interrogatories of DOOMMinoishe Interroberg's To Make with the Good English- Meteoric Rise Paul Minturn- Oriented vs. Orientated V. Ross- For the longest time Jill Arroway- Sketchy vs. Shady, not gonna lie Terence, again- I could care less, For all intensive purposes Jay Parlar- The EX factor Paul MakiShow Close......................................Mentioned in the show: Skepticality, the Philadelphia Funk Authority.And as always: George's blog, website, flickr, and myspace page. Have a comment on the show, a topic for Minoishe Interroberg, or a question for Ask George? Drop George a line at geo@geologicrecords.net or through his blog.Have any comments?

I've been busy lately, and haven't had time to generate anything new myself. I forget where I got this video from, but it is a beauty. Makes you remember why you first got interested in chemistry ......... explosions! (This file is 15Mb so you will have to wait for a bit .... but it will be worth it!)

1 Hydraziniumazide In dieser Arbeit wurde untersucht, ob die Eigenschaften von Hydraziniumazid durch Einführung organischer Substituenten verbessert werden können. Die Hydraziniumazidderivate wurden aus den jeweiligen wasserfreien, substituierten Hydrazinen und einer wasserfreien Lösung von HN3 in Ether dargestellt, die aus der Reaktion von Tetrafluoroborsäureetherat mit Natriumazid gewonnen wurde. Hydraziniumazid ist ein Addukt der schwachen Säure HN3 (pKs = 4.92) mit Hydrazin. Zwischen den Hydrazinium- und Azidionen treten starke Wasserstoffbrückenbindungen auf. Die Stärke der Wasserstoffbrückenbindungen ist entscheidend für die Eigenschaften der jeweiligen Verbindungen. Die Leichtflüchtigkeit sowie die Hygroskopie von Hydraziniumazid und seinen Derivaten lassen sich auf die Stärke und Zahl der Wasserstoffbrückenbindungen zurückführen. Die Einführung organischer Substituenten schwächt die Bindung zwischen Azidionen und Hydraziniumionen bereits dadurch, dass weniger NH Wasserstoffatome, die Wasserstoffbrückenbindungen bilden können, vorhanden sind. Je mehr Substituenten vorhanden sind, desto schwächer ist somit die Bindung zwischen Hydrazin und HN3. Der Schmelzpunkt der Hydraziniumazide ist eine gute Beschreibungsgröße für die Stärke der Wasserstoffbrückenbindungen und damit die Stärke des Hydrazin-HN3 Addukts. Dies kann an den sinkenden Schmelzpunkten der methylierten Verbindungen Methylhydraziniumazid (3), N,N-Dimethylhydraziniumazid (4), N,N´- Dimethylhydraziniumazid (5), und N,N,N´-Trimethylhydraziniumazid (6) überprüft werden. Die organischen Substituenten lieferten während der Explosion keine Energiebeiträge, da sie entweder zum Kohlenwasserstoff oder zum organylsubstituierten Amin reagierten. Daher sinkt der Anteil an aktiver Masse mit zunehmendem Substitutionsgrad. Erstaunlicherweise explodierten aber die flüssigen di-, tri- und tetramethylierten Verbindungen 4-7 bei Erwärmung heftiger als das monomethylierte 3. Dies ist auf die schwache Bindung von HN3 in diesen Verbindungen zurückzuführen. Es wurde zuerst HN3 abgespalten, das dann explodierte. Es wurde versucht, die Bindung zwischen Hydrazinium- und Azidionen durch zusätzliche Wasserstoffbrückenbindungen mit weiteren NH und OH Protonen in 2-Hydroxyethylhydrazin und Ethylendihydrazin zu stärken. Aus der Reaktion dieser Hydrazinderivate mit HN3 wurden keine Feststoffe, sondern zähflüssige Produkte, die nicht die stöchiometrische Menge HN3 enthielten, isoliert.Der Einbau eines Hydrazinstickstoffatoms in Ringsysteme führt zur Erhöhung der Basizität des Stickstoffatoms. Stärkere Hydrazin-HN3 Addukte sollten sich ergeben. Dies wird dadurch belegt, dass der Schmelzpunkt der N,N-dimethylierten Verbindungen N,NDimethylhydraziniumazid (4) und N-Amino-1-azoniacyclohexanazid (18) im Sechsringsystem 18 um 50 °C höher ist. Das Siebenringsystem N-Amino-1- azoniacycloheptanazid (19) zeigt ebenfalls eine Erhöhung des Schmelzpunktes von 18 °C gegenüber 4. Die Erhöhung ist geringer als bei 18, da in Siebenringsystemen die Basizitätserhöhung des Ringstickstoffatoms niedriger ist als in Sechsringsystemen. Das bei N-Amino-1-azonia-4-oxacylcohexanazid (20) im Ringsystem vorhandene Sauerstoffatom zeigt keine Auswirkungen auf den Schmelzpunkt. 20 spaltete jedoch während längerer Lagerung eine NH2-Gruppe ab, Morpholiniumazid (21) wurde erhalten. Auch bei den N,N´-dimethylierten Verbindungen N,N´-Dimethylhydraziniumazid 5, N,N´-Diethylhydraziniumazid (22), Pyrazolidiniumazid (23) und Hexahydropyridaziniumazid (24) wurde eine Erhöhung des Schmelzpunktes durch Einbinden des Hydrazinmoleküls in ein Ringssystem festgestellt. Während die offenkettigen Azide 5 und 22 erst unterhalb Raumtemperatur fest wurden, waren die Ringsysteme 23 und 24 bei Raumtemperatur fest. Diorganylsubstituierte Hydraziniumazide sind nicht praktisch anwendbar, da zu viele organische Substituenten vorhanden sind, die die Explosion hemmen. Während der Explosion entstanden große Mengen an organischen Nebenprodukten, vor allem Organylamine. Ein weiterer Nachteil ist die Oxidationsempfindlichkeit der Alkylhydrazine, die sich in den Azidderivaten wiederfindet. Die Verbindungen N,N,N´,N´-Tetramethylhydraziniumazid-tetramethylhydrazinat (7) und Phenylhydraziniumazid-phenylhydrazinat (14) sind Grenzfälle. Bei der Reaktion mit HN3 bildeten sich Dimere der Hydrazine, an die das Azidion über Wasserstoffbrückenbindungen gebunden ist. Es war nicht möglich, aus einem festen, substituierten Hydrazin das Addukt mit HN3 zu bilden, da bei der Entfernung des Lösungsmittels immer das substituierte Hydrazin ausfiel. Substituierte Hydrazine mit einem permethylierten Stickstoffatom ergaben Hydraziniumazidderivate, die nicht mehr flüchtig, aber sehr hygroskopisch sind. Sie wurden aus der Umsetzung der jeweiligen Hydraziniumiodide mit Silberazid erhalten. N,N,NTrimethylhydraziniumazid (8), N,N,N,N´-Tetramethylhydraziniumazid (9) und Pentamethylhydraziniumazid (10) haben Schmelzpunkte um 180 °C. Die Anzahl der Methylgruppen wirkt sich hier nicht auf den Schmelzpunkt aus. 8-10 explodierten aufgrund der vielen organischen Substituenten nur schwach, bei der Explosion entstanden größere Mengen Trimethylamin. Günstige Auswirkung auf die Eigenschaften von Hydraziniumazid hat die Adduktbildung mit einem weiteren Molekül Hydrazin. Hydraziniumazidhydrazinat (2) ist nicht mehr hygroskopisch, wesentlich weniger flüchtig und die Empfindlichlichkeit gegenüber Schlag, Reibung und Temperaturerhöhung sinkt. Der Schmelzpunkt ist mit 65 °C allerdings noch niedriger als der Schmelzpunkt von Hydraziniumazid mit 75 °C. Ein weiterer Nachteil ist, dass bei der Explosion mehr Ammoniak entsteht als bei Hydraziniumazid. Als Beispiel ist hier die Struktur von Hydraziniumazidhydrazinat (2) abgebildet, die Strukturen vieler anderer Hydraziniumazide finden sich in Kapitel 1. 2 Methylierte Hydraziniumnitrate In Raketentriebwerken werden Methylhydrazin oder N,N-Dimethylhydrazin und N2O4 eingesetzt. Bei der unvollständigen Verbrennung können Ablagerungen der jeweiligen Ammonium- und Hydraziniumnitrate gebildet werden. Die mono- und N,N-dimethylierten Ammonium- und Hydraziniumnitrate wurden hergestellt und ihre Eigenschaften überprüft. Sowohl Methylhydrazinium- (27) als auch N,N-Dimethylhydraziniumnitrat (28) sind sehr hygroskopische Substanzen. Wasser konnte aus den Hydraziniumnitraten nicht im Vakuum entfernt werden. Daher wurden 27 und 28 aus den wasserfreien, methylierten Hydrazinen und wasserfreier Salpetersäure bei –78 °C hergestellt. Die Hydraziniumnitrate zersetzten sich bei leicht erhöhter Temperatur (60 °C) bereits langsam zu den jeweiligen Ammoniumnitraten. Die Strukturen von Methylhydraziniumnitrat (27) und Dimethylhydraziniumnitrat (28) wurden bestimmt, die Struktur von Methylhydraziniumnitrat (27) ist hier als Beispiel angegeben. Die Zersetzung der Ammonium- und Hydraziniumnitrate bei hoher Temperatur erfolgte nicht vollständig. Während die Ammoniumnitrate größere Mengen NO2 ergaben, wurden bei den Hydraziniumnitraten nur Produkte einer weiter fortgeschrittenen Zersetzung, z.B. NO, nachgewiesen. Auch kleine Mengen Methylazid wurden gefunden. Während der durchgeführten Test ist es nicht gelungen, die Nitrate zur Explosion zu bringen. Beim starken Erhitzen der Hydraziniumnitrate 27 und 28 fand nur eine Zersetzung, keine Explosion statt. 3 Reaktionen mit cis-Hyponitrit Die in der Literatur erwähnten Verbindungen mit cis-Hyponitritanionen wurden entweder durch Kupplung von zwei NO Molekülen an einem Metallzentrum oder durch Reaktion von N2O mit Natriumoxid erhalten. In dieser Arbeit ist es nicht gelungen, aus Reaktionen des cis-Hyponitritions neue Verbindungen zu isolieren, es wurde immer die Bildung von N2O beobachtet. Die theoretische Untersuchung der Zersetzung der einfach protonierten Verbindung cis-HN2O2 – ergab eine niedrige Aktivierungsbarriere von 11.9 kcal/mol (MP2/6-31+G(d,p)) für die Bildung von N2O und OH– in der Gasphase. Zusätzlich muss berücksichtigt werden, dass vor allem das OH–-Ion in einem Lösungsmittel gegenüber der Gasphase beträchtlich stabilisiert wird, so dass die Aktivierungsenergie in Lösung noch niedriger liegen dürfte. Dies erklärt die Bildung von N2O, die bei allen durchgeführten Experimenten, selbst bei sehr tiefen Temperaturen beobachtet wurde. Eine Isolierung der cis-hyposalpetrigen Säure kann daher wahrscheinlich nicht aus Lösung erfolgen, da sich die einfach protonierte Verbindung sofort zu N2O und OH– zersetzt. Ein Stickstoffoxid N6O4, das aus der Reaktion von Natrium-cis-hyponitrit mit Tetrafluorhydrazin entstehen kann, hat nur bei der Berechnung auf PM3 und HF Niveau ein Miniumum. Bei stärkerer Berücksichtigung der Elektronenkorrelation auf B3LYP oder MP2 Niveau wurden keine Minima auf der Energiehyperfläche gefunden. 4 Verbindungen mit 5,5´-Azotetrazolat Das 5,5´-Azotetrazolation enthält bereits 5 Mol Stickstoff. Durch Kombination mit Kationen von Stickstoffbasen, vor allen Hydraziniumkationen, können Verbindungen erhalten werden, die pro Formeleinheit viele Mole Gas erzeugen. Der Hauptbestandteil der Explosionsgase ist Stickstoff. Hydraziniumverbindungen bilden zusätzlich Wasserstoff, was für hohe Detonationsgeschwindigkeiten sorgt. Verbindungen, die große Mengen Stickstoff erzeugen, werden für Gasgeneratoren in automatischen Feuerlöschsystemen, Airbags und Rettungswesten gesucht. Ein Vorteil der Salze von 5,5´-Azotetrazolat mit Stickstoffbasen ist, dass sie gegenüber Schlag und Reibung relativ unempfindlich sind, was für eine Anwendung wichtig ist. Das empfindlichste Salz ist das Ammoniumsalz, das im Fallhammertest in der Literatur bei 4.4 kg bei einer Fallhöhe von 50 cm explodierte. [130] 5,5´-Azotetrazol ist im Gegensatz zu HN3 eine starke Säure und zerfiel bei Raumtemperatur innerhalb einer Minute vollständig zu Tetrazolhydrazin. Die freie Säure kann bei –30 °C hergestellt und bei –80 °C mehrere Wochen gelagert werden. Aus Methanol kristallisierte 5,5´-Azotetrazol mit zwei Molekülen Kristallwasser (70). 5,5´-Azotetrazolatsalze sind jedoch stabil. Die Synthese von 5,5´-Azotetrazolatsalzen erfolgte durch Umsetzung von Sulfaten der entsprechenden Kationen mit Barium-5,5´-azotetrazolat. Die Stabilität von 5,5´-Azotetrazolatsalzen mit protonierten Stickstoffbasen ist davon abhängig, wie leicht das Proton von der Stickstoffbase auf das 5,5´-Azotetrazolation übertragen werden kann. Dies kann an den Ammmoniumsalzen Diammonium-5,5´- azotetrazolat (45), Bis-methylammonium-5,5´-azotetrazolat (46), Bis-dimethylammonium- 5,5´-azotetrazolat (47), Bis-trimethylammonium-5,5´-azotetrazolat (48) und den Hydraziniumsalzen Hydrazinium(2+)-5,5´-azotetrazolat (51), Dihydrazinium-5,5´- azotetrazolat (53), Bis-methylhydrazinium-5,5´-azotetrazolat (54), Bis-N,Ndimethylhydrazinium- 5,5´azotetrazolat (55) und Bis-N,N´-dimethylhydrazinium-5,5´- azotetrazolat (56) abgelesen werden. Je mehr Methylgruppen vorhanden waren, desto tiefer waren die Zersetzungstemperatur der Salze. Waren keine NH+ Gruppen in den Kationen vorhanden, z.B. in Bis-tetramethylammonium-5,5´-azotetrazolat (49) und Bis-N,N,Ntrimethylhydrazinium- 5,5´-azotetrazolat (57), so erfolgte die Zersetzung über einen anderen Mechanismus, der wahrscheinlich umgekehrt zur Bildung der Tetrazolringe verläuft und erst bei höheren Temperaturen stattfindet. Die Synthese von 5,5´-Azotetrazolatsalzen mit protonierten Stickstoffbasen kann bei Raumtemperatur nur in Wasser als Lösungsmittel stattfinden. In organischen Lösungsmitteln erfolgte eine Zersetzung des Azotetrazolations. Dihydrazinium-5,5´-azotetrazolat (53) ist eine neue hochenergetische Verbindung, die alle Anforderungen für einen modernen Sprengstoff erfüllt. Die hohe Standardbildungsenthalpie von 264 kcal/mol (ber.), die bei der Detonation freigesetzt wird sowie die bei der Detonation gebildeten großen Mengen Wasserstoff sorgen für ein gute Detonationsgeschwindigkeit von 6330 m/s. Der größte Nachteil von 53 ist die niedrigen Dichte. Bei einer vergleichbaren Dichte würde die Verbindung die Werte der kommerziellen Sprengstoffe RDX und HMX übertreffen. Die bereits bekannten Guanidinium- (66) und Triaminoguanidiniumverbindungen (68), deren Kristallstrukturen in dieser Arbeit bestimmt wurden, haben höhere Dichten und sind thermisch stabiler. Vor allem das Guanidiniumsalz wird wahrscheinlich in den nächsten Jahren in Gasgeneratoren zum Einsatz kommen. Die niedrigen Dichten der Hydraziniumsalze im Vergleich zu den Guanidiuniumsalzen sind geometrisch begründet. Die Guanidiuniumderivate sind flach. Dadurch können sich sowohl die 5,5´-Azotetrazolationen als auch die Kationen platzsparend übereinander anordnen. Hydraziniumionen haben Wasserstoffatome, die nach allen Raumrichtungen ausgerichtet sind. Da diese Wasserstoffatome in Wasserstoffbrückenbindungen einbezogen werden, entstehen Lücken zwischen den 5,5´-Azotetrazolationen in der Kristallpackung. Das Hydraziniumsalz 53 kann zwei Einheiten Wasser oder Hydrazin über Wasserstoffbrücken binden. Sowohl das Ammoniumsalz 45, als auch Hydroxylammonium- 5,5´-azotetrazolat (50) und die methylierten Ammonium- 46-49 und Hydraziniumverbindungen 54-57 können keine zusätzlichen Stickstoffbasen über Wasserstoffbrückenbindungen binden. Die Alkali- und Erdalkalisalze 29-37 von 5,5´-Azotetrazolat binden große Mengen Kristallwasser. Die Wassermoleküle sind sowohl an die Kationen koordiniert als auch über Wasserstoffbrückenbindungen im Kristall gebunden. Daraus ergeben sich verschiedene Bedingungen für die Entfernung des Kristallwassers. Während nur über Wasserstoffbrückenbindungen gebundenes Kristallwasser beim Aufheizen bereits bei Temperaturen um 100 °C entwichen ist, liessen sich die koordierten Wassermoleküle erst bei Temperaturen von 120-150 °C entfernen. Bei der Entfernung der letzten Wassermoleküle wurden im DSC jeweils große Energiemengen festgestellt, die für eine Strukturänderung nach der Entfernung der letzten Wassermoleküle sprechen. Die Temperaturstabilität der Alkali- und Erdalkalimetallsalze sinkt mit zunehmender Größe des Kations. Während die Lithiumverbindung (29) erst bei 335 °C explodierte, explodierte die Bariumverbindung (37) bereits bei 211 °C. Bei der Entfernung von Wasser bei Temperaturen um 100 °C im Ölpumpenvakuum fanden Explosionen statt. Daher kann Wasser praktisch nur durch lange Lagerung der Salze im Exsikkator über P2O5 entfernt werden. Die wasserfreien Alkali- und Erdalkalimetallsalze sind schlag- und reibungsempfindlich, was sie zu potentiellen Primärexplosivstoffen macht Die Kristallstrukturen von Lithium-5,5´-azotetrazolat-hexahydrat (29), Natrium-5,5´- azotetrazolat-pentahydrat (30), Rubidium-5,5´-azotetrazolat-hydrat (32) und Barium-5,5´- azotetrazolat-pentahydrat (37) zeigen eine Koordination von 5,5´-Azotetrazolat– stickstoffatomen an das jeweilige Metallion. In Calcium-5,5´-azotetrazolat-octahydrat (35) und Yttrium-5,5´-azotetrazolat-docosahydrat (39) sind die 5,5´-Azotetrazolatstickstoffatome nicht mehr an die Metallionen koordiniert, die Metallionen sind von einer Hydrathülle umgeben. Auch Magnesium-5,5´-azotetrazolat-octahydrat (34) und die Salze der dreiwertigen Kationen Aluminium 38, Lanthan 40, Cer 41 und Neodym 42 sind im Einklang mit dem HSAB-Prinzip wahrscheinlich nur von einer Hydrathülle umgeben. Das Magnesiumsalz 34 sowie die Salze der dreiwertigen Kationen sind nur solange stabil, wie das Kation von der Hydrathülle umgeben ist. Verlieren die Verbindungen Wasser, z. B. beim Erhitzen, so werden farblose Zersetzungsprodukte erhalten. Bei der Reaktion von [Ce]4+[SO4]2– 2 mit Barium-5,5´-azotetrazolat kommt es sofort zu einer Gasentwicklung, Ce+4 ist in wässriger Lösung zu sauer. Nach Auflösen von Barium-5,5´-azotetrazolat in Hydrazin entfärbte sich die Reaktionslösung innerhalb von zwei Stunden. Farbloses Barium-N,N´-ditetrazolatohydrazintrihydrazin (44) wurde erhalten. 5 Reaktion von Tetrazoldiazoniumchlorid mit Lithiumazid Aus der Reaktion von Benzoldiazoniumchlorid mit Lithiumazid konnte Phenylpentazol isoliert werden. Analoge Reaktionen mit verschiedenen Phenylderivaten ergaben substituierte Phenylpentazole. Die Reaktion von Tetrazoldiazoniumchlorid mit Lithiumazid ergibt Tetrazolazid. Daher wurde auch in dieser Reaktion eine Pentazolzwischenstufe vermutet. Theoretische Berechnungen ergaben, dass die Aktivierungsenergie für den Zerfall verschiedener Tetrazolpentazolisomere in der Gasphase zu Tetrazolazid und Stickstoff mindestens 14.8 kcal/mol beträgt. Daher erschien es möglich, Tetrazolpentazol im Experiment zu beobachten. Bei der 15N-NMR spektroskopischen Verfolgung der Reaktion von Tetrazoldiazoniumchlorid (71) mit Lithium-15Nα-azid wurden zwei Signale bei δ = –29.7 und δ = 7.7 beobachtet, die bei Erwärmung auf –50 °C an Intensität abnahmen und bei –30 °C vollständig verschwunden waren. Gleichzeitig nahm das Signal von Stickstoff an Intensität zu und ein Signal von Nβ markiertem Tetrazolazid erschien. Die bereits bei tiefen Temperaturen wieder verschwindende Zwischenstufe der Reaktion von Tetrazoldiazoniumchlorid mit Lithiumazid entspricht daher sowohl ihrem chemischen Verhalten, als auch in den beobachteten Signalen dem Verhalten, das von Tetrazolpentazol erwartet wird.