Podcasts about CDM

The UN launches the world's first global treaty to combat cybercrime. A House Democrats' job portal left security clearance data exposed online. A new data leak exposes 183 million email addresses and passwords. Threat actors target Discord users with an open-source red-team toolkit. A new campaign targets unpatched WordPress plugins. The City of Gloversville, New York, suffers a ransomware attack. Jen Easterly hopes AI could eliminate the buggy software that fuels cybercrime. A Connecticut health system agrees to an $18 million settlement following a ransomware attack. Monday business brief. Tim Starks from CyberScoop is discussing concerns over budget cuts and visibility. Meta's privacy safeguard goes dark. Remember to leave us a 5-star rating and review in your favorite podcast app. Miss an episode? Sign-up for our daily intelligence roundup, Daily Briefing, and you'll never miss a beat. And be sure to follow CyberWire Daily on LinkedIn. CyberWire Guest Today we are joined by Tim Starks from CyberScoop who is discussing concerns over budget cuts and visibility. You can read the articles Tim references here:  US ‘slipping' on cybersecurity, annual Cyberspace Solarium Commission report concludes (CyberScoop) F5 vulnerability highlights weak points in DHS's CDM program (CyberScoop) Selected Reading⁠ UN Cybercrime Treaty wins dozens of signatories (The Register) Hundreds of People With ‘Top Secret' Clearance Exposed by House Democrats' Website (WIRED) Gmail passwords confirmed in 183 million account data breach (Tribune Online) Hackers steal Discord accounts with RedTiger-based infostealer (Bleeping Computer) Year-Old WordPress Plugin Flaws Exploited to Hack Websites (SecurityWeek) Gloversville hit by ransomware attack (WNYT.com NewsChannel 13) Ex-CISA chief says AI could mean the end of cybersecurity (The Register) Yale New Haven Health Will Pay $18M to Settle Hack Lawsuit (GovInfo Security) Veeam to acquire Securiti AI for $1.7 billion. (N2K Pro) A $60 Mod to Meta's Ray-Bans Disables Its Privacy-Protecting Recording Light (404 Media) Share your feedback. What do you think about CyberWire Daily? Please take a few minutes to share your thoughts with us by completing our brief listener survey. Thank you for helping us continue to improve our show. Want to hear your company in the show? N2K CyberWire helps you reach the industry's most influential leaders and operators, while building visibility, authority, and connectivity across the cybersecurity community. Learn more at sponsor.thecyberwire.com. The CyberWire is a production of N2K Networks, your source for strategic workforce intelligence. © N2K Networks, Inc. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Sean love affair with Lemix is more fickle the fel-flame. Lex laments some aspects of Delves. The crew weighs in on the must-have features for the integrated UI in Midnight. News Legion Remix: Rise of the Nightfallen The 2nd wave of content for Lemix is now live in NA and EU, after a long extended maintenance. Return to KarazhanNightholdSuramar CampaignLegion Remix Helper Links Legion Remix: Rise of the Nightfallen Now Live!World of Warcraft on Instagram: "The story continues in Legion Remix Phase 2! Relive the Suramar Campaign, return to Karazhan, and defeat Gul'dan at Nighthold!"https://www.curseforge.com/wow/addons/legion-remix-helper Turbo Boost is Now Live! The 2nd part of Turbo Boost is Mythic+ drop rates from Mythic+ dungeons and Manaforge Omega are greatly increased for Warband until Equipped gear. Valorstones may now be transferred across Warbands.Two vendors this time.First quest for 3 Puzzling Cartel Chips.Players will be able to earn a maximum of 9 Puzzling Cartel Chips per character.Weapons, trinkets, and cantrip items. Links https://worldofwarcraft.blizzard.com/en-us/news/24242856 Midnight Delves In the upcoming expansion Delves are being integrated into the leveling experience and continue to be an endgame pillar. We're taking some time to talk about Delves so far on the alpha. What did we think about Delves last tier?Experience in alpha with Delves so farWhat would make delves a joyous experience for us? Story Title Phase 4 of Midnight Alpha allows players to level up to Level 90, and includes the following content: Zone: Voidstorm Dungeons:  Voidscar ArenaNexus Point XenasMagister's Terrace Delves:  Shadowguard PointSunkiller Sanctum PvP:  Slayer's Rise PvP zoneSlayer's Rise 40v40 battleground Classes: Apex Talents Links In Development: Phase Four of the Midnight Alpha - General Discussion - World of Warcraft Forums iTunes // Bonus Roll Production Directory Thanks Special thanks to all our patrons. FAZ will always be free, but if you enjoy the content we produce, consider pledging to our Patreon at Patreon.com/FAZ Subscribe to For Azeroth!  UI Feature Shortcomings We are beyond the halfway point Raid Frames Sean: Raid frames ability to adjust tracking, position and size of debuffs CD Manager Sean #1: Tracking for Racials and TrinketsLex: Alert for resource thresholds (below or above a certain amount of a resource)Sean #2: CDM still needs some way to track debuffs with white/blacklisting   Nameplates Sean: Health bar color change based on aggroSean #2: Nameplates need a way to color mobs based on type (casters, lieutenants, etc).Sean #3: White/blacklist for buffs/debuffs tracked   Encounter Warnings Lex: Sound CustomizationSean: Ability to turn on/off warnings based on rolePlatynator: [addon] Introducing Platynator, a new customisable nameplate addon : r/WowUI Outro Be part of the conversation and join us on Discord bit.ly/fazdiscord Thank you so much for supporting the show!

Via libera del Consiglio dei ministri alla legge di bilancio 2026. «Una manovra che considero molto seria, equilibrata, che va letta nel solco delle precedenti e vale 18,7 miliardi di euro, quindi è più leggera delle precedenti. Pesa anche la situazione complessa» ha detto la premier Giorgia Meloni nella conferenza stampa al termine del Cdm a cui hanno preso parte i due vicepremier Matteo Salvini e Antonio Tajani e il ministro dell Economia Giancarlo Giorgetti.Due miliardi sui salari e quasi 3,5 in tre anni sulla famiglia e per la lotta alla povertà. E ancora 9 miliardi nel triennio per l abbassamento del secondo scaglione Irpef dal 35 al 33% oltre a nuovi fondi sulla sanità e alla proroga dello stop alla plastic e alla sugar tax. Sono alcune delle novità della manovra 2026 che ha avuto il via libera in Consiglio dei ministri. Ecco, in pillole, i punti salienti della manovra che peserà 18 miliardi.Il commento di Gianni Trovati, Il Sole 24 Ore, ai microfoni di Sebastiano Barisoni

Le imprese della componentistica auto sono in difficoltà: dopo tre anni si ferma la crescita dei ricavi, in calo del 6%, e le previsioni per il 2025 sono negative per fatturato, ordinativi, occupazione e investimenti. Aumentano i timori per i dazi, mentre cresce l'interesse verso l'arrivo delle case cinesi in Europa, con possibili nuovi stabilimenti, considerati un'opportunità dal 52% delle aziende.L'Osservatorio sulla componentistica automotive italiana, realizzato da Camera di commercio di Torino e Anfia, mostra un calo del 6% dei ricavi in Italia e del 5,6% in Piemonte, dove gli addetti diminuiscono del 2,4%. Meglio solo motorsport e aftermarket. I dazi preoccupano il 47% delle imprese (contro il 32% del 2023) e cresce la diversificazione verso altri settori. Il 68,6% delle aziende ha Stellantis o Iveco tra i clienti.Marco Stella, presidente del Gruppo Componenti Anfia, sottolinea la necessità di rivedere la transizione energetica europea, troppo centrata sull'elettrico, che riduce il ruolo dei fornitori europei e rischia di far perdere fino al 23% del valore aggiunto entro il 2030. Le imprese italiane della componentistica sono 2.134 con 168.000 addetti e un fatturato di 55,5 miliardi di euro. Il Piemonte rappresenta il 33,6% del totale. Interviene Roberto Vavassori, Presidente ANFIASciopero di 24 Ore in tutti i siti del gruppo ex IlvaSciopero di 24 ore in tutti gli stabilimenti del gruppo ex Ilva per richiamare l'attenzione sulla crisi che coinvolge 10.700 lavoratori diretti, 1.500 dipendenti di Ilva in amministrazione straordinaria e 6.000 dell'indotto. La mobilitazione di Fim, Fiom e Uilm denuncia l'assenza di un piano industriale credibile e il ricorso continuo alla cassa integrazione. La produzione è scesa sotto i 2 milioni di tonnellate l'anno, contro una capacità di oltre 8. Solo un altoforno è operativo, mentre gli altri impianti sono fermi per mancanza di fondi. Il debito ammonta a 5,4 miliardi e 4.550 lavoratori sono in cassa integrazione. I sindacati temono una frammentazione del gruppo con pesanti tagli occupazionali e chiedono un intervento pubblico deciso per garantire unità industriale e riconversione ambientale.A Taranto migliaia di operai hanno sfilato fino a Palazzo di Città per consegnare un documento al sindaco. Lo sciopero è un segnale contro l'assenza di strategia e la crisi del principale polo siderurgico europeo. Il commento è di Domenico Palmiotti, Il Sole 24 Ore TarantoNestlé, fatturato -1,9%, taglierà 16mila posti di lavoroNestlé taglierà 16.000 posti di lavoro a livello mondiale nei prossimi due anni, dopo un calo del fatturato dell'1,9% nei primi nove mesi del 2024, a 65,9 miliardi di franchi svizzeri (71 miliardi di euro). Il nuovo amministratore delegato Philipp Navratil ha annunciato un piano di riduzione del personale per accelerare l'adattamento del gruppo e ottenere risparmi annuali di 1 miliardo di franchi entro il 2027, il doppio del previsto.Il programma prevede la soppressione di 12.000 posti di lavoro in vari settori e 4.000 in progetti di produttività già in corso. La riorganizzazione segue lo scandalo che ha portato alla rimozione dell'ex CEO Laurent Freixe e alle dimissioni anticipate del presidente Paul Bulcke, sostituito da Pablo Isla, ex Inditex. Interviene Lino Terlizzi, Il Sole 24 Ore da LuganoVerso nuovo vertice sulla manovra, Cdm al momento domattinaMaggioranza ancora al lavoro per definire la legge di Bilancio. Il Consiglio dei ministri è previsto domattina alle 11, ma non si esclude un rinvio. Resta da definire il contributo di banche e assicurazioni e i tagli ai ministeri.Il Documento programmatico di Bilancio prevede 4,4 miliardi di contributo dal settore finanziario nel 2026 (11 miliardi nel triennio). Forza Italia si oppone a qualsiasi tassa sugli extraprofitti, mentre diversi ministeri chiedono di ridurre la spending review, che vale 2 miliardi aggiuntivi nel 2026. Si valutano possibili risparmi dalle tax expenditures.Il ministro degli Esteri Antonio Tajani ha ribadito che non ci sarà una tassa sugli extraprofitti ma un contributo concordato con banche e assicurazioni, evitando misure punitive. Ne parliamo con Gianni Trovati, Il Sole 24 Ore

Radio Foot, deux émissions en direct aujourd'hui 16h10-21h10 T.U. Au sommaire : Éliminatoires CDM 2026, encore 3 trois tickets à distribuer pour le voyage direct en Amérique. Le Cap vert en apothéose ! ; Matches du jour : suspense dans le groupe C où trois nations peuvent encore passer. Le Bénin peut-il battre le Nigeria sur ses terres ? ; Les Bleus freinés en Islande.    Éliminatoires CDM 2026, encore 3 tickets à distribuer pour le voyage direct en Amérique. Le Cap vert en apothéose ! L'ultime match remporté face à l'Eswatini envoie les Requins bleus en phase finale. Une 1ère pour l'archipel, plus petit pays en superficie à se qualifier pour un Mondial, une nation qui profite de l'élargissement de la compétition à 48 équipes. Que valent ces Bleus ? Le Cameroun, décevant à domicile, n'a pas pu faire la différence contre l'Angola. Les Indomptables devront attendre la fin des matches pour savoir s'ils rejoindront de fastidieux barrages. Matches du jour : suspense dans le groupe C où 3 nations peuvent encore passer. Le Bénin peut-il battre le Nigeria sur ses terres ? Une victoire ouvrirait aux Guépards les portes du tournoi. Un faux pas pourrait favoriser les Bafana Bafana, qui doivent s'imposer (nettement) face au Rwanda. - Groupe F: les Ivoiriens doivent finir le travail contre le Kenya. Dans le même temps le Gabon accueille le Burundi, avant-dernier. Les Panthères évolueront sans P-E Aubameyang. - Groupe B, le Sénégal y est presque. Les Lions reçoivent la Mauritanie pour un derby. Le 12e Gaïndé rendra un hommage à Sadio Mané à Diamniadio. La RDC affronte le Soudan à Kinshasa, pour verrouiller sa deuxième place ? Les Bleus freinés en Islande. Un coup d'arrêt pour une sélection très remaniée, mais pas vraiment d'équipe B, et une défense coupable sur le but islandais de l'égalisation. Voyage à blanc pour Pavard, pourquoi le convoquer ? Devant, Michael Olise décevant. Pas de Mbappé pour trouver la solution ? Pas de qualification pour l'instant puisque l'Ukraine a battu l'Azerbaïdjan. Avec : Annie Gasnier | Dominique Sévérac, Antoine Grognet, Nabil Djellit et Philippe Doucet | Technique/Réalisation : Guillaume Buffet - David Fintzel / Pierre Guérin.

Radio Foot, deux émissions en direct aujourd'hui 16h10-21h10 T.U. Au sommaire : Éliminatoires CDM 2026, encore 3 trois tickets à distribuer pour le voyage direct en Amérique. Le Cap vert en apothéose ! ; Matches du jour : suspense dans le groupe C où trois nations peuvent encore passer. Le Bénin peut-il battre le Nigeria sur ses terres ? ; Les Bleus freinés en Islande.    Éliminatoires CDM 2026, encore 3 tickets à distribuer pour le voyage direct en Amérique. Le Cap vert en apothéose ! L'ultime match remporté face à l'Eswatini envoie les Requins bleus en phase finale. Une 1ère pour l'archipel, plus petit pays en superficie à se qualifier pour un Mondial, une nation qui profite de l'élargissement de la compétition à 48 équipes. Que valent ces Bleus ? Le Cameroun, décevant à domicile, n'a pas pu faire la différence contre l'Angola. Les Indomptables devront attendre la fin des matches pour savoir s'ils rejoindront de fastidieux barrages. Matches du jour : suspense dans le groupe C où 3 nations peuvent encore passer. Le Bénin peut-il battre le Nigeria sur ses terres ? Une victoire ouvrirait aux Guépards les portes du tournoi. Un faux pas pourrait favoriser les Bafana Bafana, qui doivent s'imposer (nettement) face au Rwanda. - Groupe F: les Ivoiriens doivent finir le travail contre le Kenya. Dans le même temps le Gabon accueille le Burundi, avant-dernier. Les Panthères évolueront sans P-E Aubameyang. - Groupe B, le Sénégal y est presque. Les Lions reçoivent la Mauritanie pour un derby. Le 12e Gaïndé rendra un hommage à Sadio Mané à Diamniadio. La RDC affronte le Soudan à Kinshasa, pour verrouiller sa deuxième place ? Les Bleus freinés en Islande. Un coup d'arrêt pour une sélection très remaniée, mais pas vraiment d'équipe B, et une défense coupable sur le but islandais de l'égalisation. Voyage à blanc pour Pavard, pourquoi le convoquer ? Devant, Michael Olise décevant. Pas de Mbappé pour trouver la solution ? Pas de qualification pour l'instant puisque l'Ukraine a battu l'Azerbaïdjan. Avec : Annie Gasnier | Dominique Sévérac, Antoine Grognet, Nabil Djellit et Philippe Doucet | Technique/Réalisation : Guillaume Buffet - David Fintzel / Pierre Guérin.

Au sommaire de Radio foot de ce lundi 13 octobre 2025, à 16h10 et à 21h10 TU : éliminatoires CDM 2026, ils sont désormais 5 ; en Europe, l'incroyable parcours des Îles Féroé et Maroc-France, les retrouvailles.    Éliminatoires CDM 2026, ils sont désormais 5 ! Le Ghana rejoint le groupe des qualifiés direct pour le tournoi de l'été prochain. Cinquième participation pour les Black Stars, qui finissent en tête du groupe I. Kudus, joueur des Spurs qualifie les siens face aux Comores. Seule étincelle d'un match décevant, pour un 11 à la recherche de son lustre d'antan et qui ne disputera pas la CAN. - Déception côté malgache. Élan brisé pour les Barea. Battus largement (4-1) au Stade du 26 mars, les joueurs de Corentin Martins ne peuvent plus espérer participer aux barrages. - Réveil tardif des Aigles ! Tom Saintfiet avait pourtant impulsé une dynamique, mais la régularité a fait défaut à des moments clés ! - Le point sur les meilleurs seconds : dans le G.A, derrière l'Égypte, les Étalons peuvent y croire. Le festival Pierre Landry Kaboré face à l'Éthiopie permet quasiment de verrouiller leur place et d'envisager le tournoi à quatre du mois prochain au Maroc. Dans le groupe E, même espoir pour le Mena, vainqueur en Zambie (cinquième victoire en huit rencontres !). En Europe, l'incroyable parcours des Îles Féroé ! Le petit archipel coincé entre Écosse et Islande s'est offert le scalp de la République tchèque dans le groupe L. 136è au classement FIFA, les Blanc et Bleu ambitionnent encore de disputer les barrages ! Maroc/France, les retrouvailles Après le Mondial 2022, celui des U20. Les Rouge et Vert, qui avaient déjà brillé en poule, ont sorti les surprenants Américains. Ils rejoignent les demies pour la première fois depuis vingt ans. Les Bleus, portés par Saïmon Bouabré, ont éliminé la Norvège. Avec Hugo Moissonnier | Éric Rabesandratana, Hervé Penot et Saïd Amdaa | Technique/réalisation : Guillaume Buffet - Pierre Guérin.

Au sommaire de Radio foot de ce lundi 13 octobre 2025, à 16h10 et à 21h10 TU : éliminatoires CDM 2026, ils sont désormais 5 ; en Europe, l'incroyable parcours des Îles Féroé et Maroc-France, les retrouvailles.    Éliminatoires CDM 2026, ils sont désormais 5 ! Le Ghana rejoint le groupe des qualifiés direct pour le tournoi de l'été prochain. Cinquième participation pour les Black Stars, qui finissent en tête du groupe I. Kudus, joueur des Spurs qualifie les siens face aux Comores. Seule étincelle d'un match décevant, pour un 11 à la recherche de son lustre d'antan et qui ne disputera pas la CAN. - Déception côté malgache. Élan brisé pour les Barea. Battus largement (4-1) au Stade du 26 mars, les joueurs de Corentin Martins ne peuvent plus espérer participer aux barrages. - Réveil tardif des Aigles ! Tom Saintfiet avait pourtant impulsé une dynamique, mais la régularité a fait défaut à des moments clés ! - Le point sur les meilleurs seconds : dans le G.A, derrière l'Égypte, les Étalons peuvent y croire. Le festival Pierre Landry Kaboré face à l'Éthiopie permet quasiment de verrouiller leur place et d'envisager le tournoi à quatre du mois prochain au Maroc. Dans le groupe E, même espoir pour le Mena, vainqueur en Zambie (cinquième victoire en huit rencontres !). En Europe, l'incroyable parcours des Îles Féroé ! Le petit archipel coincé entre Écosse et Islande s'est offert le scalp de la République tchèque dans le groupe L. 136è au classement FIFA, les Blanc et Bleu ambitionnent encore de disputer les barrages ! Maroc/France, les retrouvailles Après le Mondial 2022, celui des U20. Les Rouge et Vert, qui avaient déjà brillé en poule, ont sorti les surprenants Américains. Ils rejoignent les demies pour la première fois depuis vingt ans. Les Bleus, portés par Saïmon Bouabré, ont éliminé la Norvège. Avec Hugo Moissonnier | Éric Rabesandratana, Hervé Penot et Saïd Amdaa | Technique/réalisation : Guillaume Buffet - Pierre Guérin.

L’Italia in piazza protesta per il blocco della Global Sumud Flotilla. Disagi sulla rete ferroviaria. Ci colleghiamo con Roma dove c’è il nostro inviato Andrea Ferro. Manovra: ieri sera il Cdm ha approvato e passato alle Camere il Documento programmatico di finanza pubblica. Le ultime con Gianni Trovati, esperto del Sole 24 Ore. Oggi e domani a Cascina Triulza (Milano) la decima edizione del Festival del Podcasting. Sentiamo la direttrice creativa Ester Memeo. In testa alla classifica delle buone notizie della settimana l’adozione del decreto “Terra dei fuochi”, che prevede pene più severe come già auspicato da Legambiente e dal suo responsabile Osservatorio ambiente e legalità, Enrico Fontana.

Confindustria segnala che la crescita in Italia resterà bassa, con un incremento del PIL pari a +0,5% nel 2025 e +0,7% nel 2026. Gli industriali sottolineano la necessità di muovere l’Italia attraverso investimenti produttivi, sbloccando risorse finanziarie ferme in depositi improduttivi. Il Rapporto Autunno 2025 evidenzia che gli incentivi Industria 4.0 hanno già stimolato gli investimenti, soprattutto nelle micro e piccole imprese, contribuendo al recupero di gettito per lo Stato. Tuttavia, il capitale netto pre-crisi finanziaria non è ancora stato ripristinato e l’Italia resta indietro rispetto ad altre economie avanzate nelle tecnologie ad alto contenuto digitale e tecnologico. Per questo, Confindustria chiede nuovi incentivi per sostenere ulteriormente la crescita e la competitività del Paese. Di questo parliamo con Alessandro Fontana, direttore del Centro studi di Confindustria.Autotrasporto, incentivi per formazione professionale: domande dal 20 ottobre. Il Ministero delle Infrastrutture e dei Trasporti ha pubblicato in Gazzetta Ufficiale il decreto del 4 agosto 2025 che mette a disposizione 5 milioni di euro di incentivi per la formazione nel settore dell’autotrasporto. Le domande potranno essere presentate dal 20 ottobre al 24 novembre 2025 esclusivamente via PEC, con firma digitale del legale rappresentante, all’indirizzo ram.formazione2026@pec.it. L’iniziativa mira a sostenere un comparto che soffre la crescente carenza di autisti, rafforzando la competitività delle imprese, sviluppando competenze digitali e tecnologiche e aumentando la sicurezza su strada e sul lavoro. Possono beneficiare dei contributi titolari, soci, amministratori, dipendenti e addetti delle imprese di autotrasporto merci per conto terzi, con piani formativi aziendali o interaziendali. Sono esclusi i corsi obbligatori previsti dalla legge, come patenti e rinnovi. L’iniziativa rappresenta un’opportunità concreta per le imprese e un segnale del Governo per sostenere la formazione professionale nel settore dell’autotrasporto e affrontare la carenza di autisti. Interviene Claudio Donati, segretario generale di Assotir.Spazio: firmata a Sydney intesa per cooperazione tra Asi e Bahrain Space Agency. È stato firmato un memorandum di intesa tra le agenzie spaziali di Italia e Bahrain per cooperare nell’uso pacifico dello spazio e in ambito scientifico, tecnologico e applicativo. L’accordo favorirà attività di capacity building, formazione specialistica per studenti e ricercatori, visite di esperti e l’organizzazione di simposi, conferenze e seminari congiunti. L’intesa arriva in un momento significativo per la space economy europea, anche alla luce del Big Beautiful Bill firmato da Donald Trump, che integra 10 miliardi al budget della NASA fino al 2032 e conferma il finanziamento del Gateway, del programma SLS e della capsula Orion, mantenendo operativi progetti che rischiavano cancellazioni. In questo contesto, l’ASI coordina il contributo industriale italiano, con Telespazio impegnata nel programma Moonlight, volto a garantire navigazione e comunicazioni sicure sulla superficie lunare, insieme a Politecnico di Milano, SDA Bocconi e Qascom, che a marzo hanno stabilito un record con la missione LuGRE. Commentiamo la notizia con Emilio Cozzi, autore del libro "Geopolitica dello spazio".Crescita e conti, oggi in Cdm i numeri alla base della manovra 2026. Il nuovo Documento programmatico di finanza pubblica (Dpfp), in arrivo al Consiglio dei ministri, dovrebbe evidenziare un piccolo margine derivante dal buon andamento dei conti, contribuendo a ridurre il deficit al 3% del PIL e a chiudere la procedura di infrazione dell’UE per deficit eccessivo.Tra le ipotesi della manovra ci sono il nuovo taglio dell’IRPEF per il ceto medio, interventi sulle detrazioni per le famiglie, e una rottamazione delle cartelle più contenuta rispetto al precedente progetto di legge. Sul fronte delle risorse si considerano anche i proventi derivanti dal concordato preventivo per le partite IVA e un possibile contributo delle banche. Secondo il viceministro dell’Economia, Maurizio Leo, tutte le risorse non derivanti da risparmi correnti dovranno essere reperite con tagli o nuove tasse, e resta il nodo di conciliare una manovra restrittiva con la necessità di sostenere la crescita senza far risalire il debito. Ne parliamo con Gianni Trovati, Il Sole 24 Ore.

Francois Daost is a W3C staff member and co-chair of the Web Developer Experience Community Group. We discuss the W3C's role and what it's like to go through the browser standardization process. Related links W3C TC39 Internet Engineering Task Force Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group (WHATWG) Horizontal Groups Alliance for Open Media What is MPEG-DASH? | HLS vs. DASH Information about W3C and Encrypted Media Extensions (EME) Widevine PlayReady Media Source API Encrypted Media Extensions API requestVideoFrameCallback() Business Benefits of the W3C Patent Policy web.dev Baseline Portable Network Graphics Specification Internet Explorer 6 CSS Vendor Prefix WebRTC Transcript You can help correct transcripts on GitHub. Intro [00:00:00] Jeremy: today I'm talking to Francois Daoust. He's a staff member at the W3C. And we're gonna talk about the W3C and the recommendation process and discuss, Francois's experience with, with how these features end up in our browsers. [00:00:16] Jeremy: So, Francois, welcome [00:00:18] Francois: Thank you Jeremy and uh, many thanks for the invitation. I'm really thrilled to be part of this podcast. What's the W3C? [00:00:26] Jeremy: I think many of our listeners will have heard about the W3C, but they may not actually know what it is. So could you start by explaining what it is? [00:00:37] Francois: Sure. So W3C stands for the Worldwide Web Consortium. It's a standardization organization. I guess that's how people should think about W3C. it was created in 1994. I, by, uh, Tim Berners Lee, who was the inventor of the web. Tim Berners Lee was the, director of W3C for a long, long time. [00:01:00] Francois: He retired not long ago, a few years back. and W3C is, has, uh, a number of, uh. Properties, let's say first the goal is to produce royalty free standards, and that's very important. Uh, we want to make sure that, uh, the standard that get produced can be used and implemented without having to pay, fees to anyone. [00:01:23] Francois: We do web standards. I didn't mention it, but it's from the name. Standards that you find in your web browsers. But not only that, there are a number of other, uh, standards that got developed at W3C including, for example, XML. Data related standards. W3C as an organization is a consortium. [00:01:43] Francois: The, the C stands for consortium. Legally speaking, it's a, it's a 501c3 meaning in, so it's a US based, uh, legal entity not for profit. And the, the little three is important because it means it's public interest. That means we are a consortium, that means we have members, but at the same time, the goal, the mission is to the public. [00:02:05] Francois: So we're not only just, you know, doing what our members want. We are also making sure that what our members want is aligned with what end users in the end, need. and the W3C has a small team. And so I'm part of this, uh, of this team worldwide. Uh, 45 to 55 people, depending on how you count, mostly technical people and some, uh, admin, uh, as well, overseeing the, uh, the work, that we do, uh, at the W3C. Funding through membership fees [00:02:39] Jeremy: So you mentioned there's 45 to 55 people. How is this funded? Is this from governments or commercial companies? [00:02:47] Francois: The main source comes from membership fees. So the W3C has a, so members, uh, roughly 350 members, uh, at the W3C. And, in order to become a member, an organization needs to pay, uh, an annual membership fee. That's pretty common among, uh, standardization, uh, organizations. [00:03:07] Francois: And, we only have, uh, I guess three levels of membership, fees. Uh, well, you may find, uh, additional small levels, but three main ones. the goal is to make sure that, A big player will, not a big player or large company, will not have more rights than, uh, anything, anyone else. So we try to make sure that a member has the, you know, all members have equal, right? [00:03:30] Francois: if it's not perfect, but, uh, uh, that's how things are, are are set. So that's the main source of income for the W3C. And then we try to diversify just a little bit to get, uh, for example, we go to governments. We may go to governments in the u EU. We may, uh, take some, uh, grant for EU research projects that allow us, you know, to, study, explore topics. [00:03:54] Francois: Uh, in the US there, there used to be some, uh, some funding from coming from the government as well. So that, that's, uh, also, uh, a source. But the main one is, uh, membership fees. Relations to TC39, IETF, and WHATWG [00:04:04] Jeremy: And you mentioned that a lot of the W3C'S work is related to web standards. There's other groups like TC 39, which works on the JavaScript spec and the IETF, which I believe worked, with your group on WebRTC, I wonder if you could explain W3C'S connection to other groups like that. [00:04:28] Francois: sure. we try to collaborate with a, a number of, uh, standard other standardization organizations. So in general, everything goes well because you, you have, a clear separation of concerns. So you mentioned TC 39. Indeed. they are the ones who standardize, JavaScript. Proper name of JavaScript is the EcmaScript. [00:04:47] Francois: So that's tc. TC 39 is the technical committee at ecma. and so we have indeed interactions with them because their work directly impact the JavaScript that you're going to find in your, uh, run in your, in your web browser. And we develop a number of JavaScript APIs, uh, actually in W3C. [00:05:05] Francois: So we need to make sure that, the way we develop, uh, you know, these APIs align with the, the language itself. with IETF, the, the, the boundary is, uh, uh, is clear as well. It's a protocol and protocol for our network protocols for our, the IETF and application level. For W3C, that's usually how the distinction is made. [00:05:28] Francois: The boundaries are always a bit fuzzy, but that's how things work. And usually, uh, things work pretty well. Uh, there's also the WHATWG, uh, and the WHATWG is more the, the, the history was more complicated because, uh, t of a fork of the, uh, HTML specification, uh, at the time when it was developed by W3C, a long time ago. [00:05:49] Francois: And there was been some, uh, Well disagreement on the way things should have been done, and the WHATWG took over got created, took, took this the HTML spec and did it a different way. Went in another, another direction, and that other, other direction actually ended up being the direction. [00:06:06] Francois: So, that's a success, uh, from there. And so, W3C no longer works, no longer owns the, uh, HTML spec and the WHATWG has, uh, taken, uh, taken up a number of, uh, of different, core specifications for the web. Uh, doing a lot of work on the, uh, on interopoerability and making sure that, uh, the algorithm specified by the spec, were correct, which, which was something that historically we haven't been very good at at W3C. [00:06:35] Francois: And the way they've been working as a, has a lot of influence on the way we develop now, uh, the APIs, uh, from a W3C perspective. [00:06:44] Jeremy: So, just to make sure I understand correctly, you have TC 39, which is focused on the JavaScript or ECMAScript language itself, and you have APIs that are going to use JavaScript and interact with JavaScript. So you need to coordinate there. The, the have the specification for HTML. then the IATF, they are, I'm not sure if the right term would be, they, they would be one level lower perhaps, than the W3C. [00:07:17] Francois: That's how you, you can formulate it. Yes. The, the one layer, one layer layer in the ISO network in the ISO stack at the network level. How WebRTC spans the IETF and W3C [00:07:30] Jeremy: And so in that case, one place I've heard it mentioned is that webRTC, to, to use it, there is an IETF specification, and then perhaps there's a W3C recommendation and [00:07:43] Francois: Yes. so when we created the webRTC working group, that was in 2011, I think, it was created with a dual head. There was one RTC web, group that got created at IETF and a webRTC group that got created at W3C. And that was done on purpose. Of course, the goal was not to compete on the, on the solution, but actually to, have the two sides of the, uh, solution, be developed in parallel, the API, uh, the application front and the network front. [00:08:15] Francois: And there was a, and there's still a lot of overlap in, uh, participation between both groups, and that's what keep things successful. In the end. It's not, uh, you know, process or organization to organization, uh, relationships, coordination at the organization level. It's really the fact that you have participants that are essentially the same, on both sides of the equation. [00:08:36] Francois: That helps, uh, move things forward. Now, webRTC is, uh, is more complex than just one group at IETF. I mean, web, webRTC is a very complex set of, uh, of technologies, stack of technologies. So when you, when you. Pull a little, uh, protocol from IETFs. Suddenly you have the whole IETF that comes with you with it. [00:08:56] Francois: So you, it's the, you have the feeling that webRTC needs all of the, uh, internet protocols that got, uh, created to work Recommendations [00:09:04] Jeremy: And I think probably a lot of web developers, they may hear words like specification or standard, but I believe the, the official term, at least at the W3C, is this recommendation. And so I wonder if you can explain what that means. [00:09:24] Francois: Well. It means it means standard in the end. and that came from industry. That comes from a time where. As many standardization organizations. W3C was created not to be a standardization organization. It was felt that standard was not the right term because we were not a standardization organization. [00:09:45] Francois: So recommend IETF has the same thing. They call it RFC, request for comment, which, you know, stands for nothing in, and yet it's a standard. So W3C was created with the same kind of, uh thing. We needed some other terminology and we call that recommendation. But in the end, that's standard. It's really, uh, how you should see it. [00:10:08] Francois: And one thing I didn't mention when I, uh, introduced the W3C is there are two types of standards in the end, two main categories. There are, the de jure standards and defacto standards, two families. The de jure standards are the ones that are imposed by some kind of regulation. so it's really usually a standard you see imposed by governments, for example. [00:10:29] Francois: So when you look at your electric plug at home, there's some regulation there that says, this plug needs to have these properties. And that's a standard that gets imposed. It's a de jure standard. and then there are defacto standards which are really, uh, specifications that are out there and people agree to use it to implement it. [00:10:49] Francois: And by virtue of being used and implemented and used by everyone, they become standards. the, W3C really is in the, uh, second part. It's a defacto standard. IETF is the same thing. some of our standards are used in, uh, are referenced in regulations now, but, just a, a minority of them, most of them are defacto standards. [00:11:10] Francois: and that's important because that's in the end, it doesn't matter what the specific specification says, even though it's a bit confusing. What matters is that the, what the specifications says matches what implementations actually implement, and that these implementations are used, and are used interoperably across, you know, across browsers, for example, or across, uh, implementations, across users, across usages. [00:11:36] Francois: So, uh, standardization is a, is a lengthy process. The recommendation is the final stage in that, lengthy process. More and more we don't really reach recommendation anymore. If you look at, uh, at groups, uh, because we have another path, let's say we kind of, uh, we can stop at candidate recommendation, which is in theoretically a step before that. [00:12:02] Francois: But then you, you can stay there and, uh, stay there forever and publish new candidate recommendations. Um, uh, later on. What matters again is that, you know, you get this, virtuous feedback loop, uh, with implementers, and usage. [00:12:18] Jeremy: So if the candidate recommendation ends up being implemented by all the browsers, what's ends up being the distinction between a candidate and one that's a normal recommendation. [00:12:31] Francois: So, today it's mostly a process thing. Some groups actually decide to go to rec Some groups decide to stay at candidate rec and there's no formal difference between the, the two. we've made sure we've adopted, adjusted the process so that the important bits that, applied at the recommendation level now apply at the candidate rec level. Royalty free patent access [00:13:00] Francois: And by important things, I mean the patent commitments typically, uh, the patent policy fully applies at the candidate recommendation level so that you get your, protection, the royalty free patent protection that we, we were aiming at. [00:13:14] Francois: Some people do not care, you know, but most of the world still works with, uh, with patents, uh, for good, uh, or bad reasons. But, uh, uh, that's how things work. So we need to make, we're trying to make sure that we, we secure the right set of, um, of patent commitments from the right set of stakeholders. [00:13:35] Jeremy: Oh, so when someone implements a W3C recommendation or a candidate recommendation, the patent holders related to that recommendation, they basically agree to allow royalty-free use of that patent. [00:13:54] Francois: They do the one that were involved in the working group, of course, I mean, we can't say anything about the companies out there that may have patents and uh, are not part of this standardization process. So there's always, It's a remaining risk. but part of the goal when we create a working group is to make sure that, people understand the scope. [00:14:17] Francois: Lawyers look into it, and the, the legal teams that exist at the all the large companies, basically gave a green light saying, yeah, we, we we're pretty confident that we, we know where the patterns are on this particular, this particular area. And we are fine also, uh, letting go of the, the patterns we own ourselves. Implementations are built in parallel with standardization [00:14:39] Jeremy: And I think you had mentioned. What ends up being the most important is that the browser creators implement these recommendations. So it sounds like maybe the distinction between candidate recommendation and recommendation almost doesn't matter as long as you get the end result you want. [00:15:03] Francois: So, I mean, people will have different opinions, uh, in the, in standardization circles. And I mentioned also W3C is working on other kind of, uh, standards. So, uh, in some other areas, the nuance may be more important when we, but when, when you look at specification, that's target, web browsers. we've switched from a model where, specs were developed first and then implemented to a model where specs and implementing implementations are being, worked in parallel. [00:15:35] Francois: This actually relates to the evolution I was mentioning with the WHATWG taking over the HTML and, uh, focusing on the interoperability issues because the starting point was, yeah, we have an HTML 4.01 spec, uh, but it's not interoperable because it, it's not specified, are number of areas that are gray areas, you can implement them differently. [00:15:59] Francois: And so there are interoperable issues. Back to candidate rec actually, the, the, the, the stage was created, if I remember correctly. uh, if I'm, if I'm not wrong, the stage was created following the, uh, IE problem. In the CSS working group, IE6, uh, shipped with some, version of a CSS that was in the, as specified, you know, the spec was saying, you know, do that for the CSS box model. [00:16:27] Francois: And the IE6 was following that. And then the group decided to change, the box model and suddenly IE6 was no longer compliant. And that created a, a huge mess on the, in the history of, uh, of the web in a way. And so the, we, the, the, the, the candidate recommendation sta uh, stage was introduced following that to try to catch this kind of problems. [00:16:52] Francois: But nowadays, again, we, we switch to another model where it's more live. and so we, you, you'll find a number of specs that are not even at candidate rec level. They are at the, what we call a working draft, and they, they are being implemented, and if all goes well, the standardization process follows the implementation, and then you end up in a situation where you have your candidate rec when the, uh, spec ships. [00:17:18] Francois: a recent example would be a web GPU, for example. It, uh, it has shipped in, uh, in, in Chrome shortly before it transition to a candidate rec. But the, the, the spec was already stable. and now it's shipping uh, in, uh, in different browsers, uh, uh, safari, uh, and uh, and uh, and uh, Firefox. And so that's, uh, and that's a good example of something that follows, uh, things, uh, along pretty well. But then you have other specs such as, uh, in the media space, uh, request video frame back, uh, frame, call back, uh, requestVideoFrameCallback() is a short API that allows you to get, you know, a call back whenever the, the browser renders a video frame, essentially. [00:18:01] Francois: And that spec is implemented across browsers. But from a W3C specific, perspective, it does not even exist. It's not on the standardization track. It's still being incubated in what we call a community group, which is, you know, some something that, uh, usually exists before. we move to the, the standardization process. [00:18:21] Francois: So there, there are examples of things where some things fell through the cracks. All the standardization process, uh, is either too early or too late and things that are in spec are not exactly what what got implemented or implementations are too early in the process. We we're doing a better job, at, Not falling into a trap where someone ships, uh, you know, an implementation and then suddenly everything is frozen. You can no longer, change it because it's too late, it shipped. we've tried, different, path there. Um, mentioned CSS, the, there was this kind of vendor prefixed, uh, properties that used to be, uh, the way, uh, browsers were deploying new features without, you know, taking the final name. [00:19:06] Francois: We are trying also to move away from it because same thing. Then in the end, you end up with, uh, applications that have, uh, to duplicate all the properties, the CSS properties in the style sheets with, uh, the vendor prefixes and nuances in the, in what it does in, in the end. [00:19:23] Jeremy: Yeah, I, I think, is that in CSS where you'll see --mozilla or things like that? Why requestVideoFrameCallback doesn't have a formal specification [00:19:30] Jeremy: The example of the request video frame callback. I, I wonder if you have an opinion or, or, or know why that ended up the way it did, where the browsers all implemented it, even though it was still in the incubation stage. [00:19:49] Francois: On this one, I don't have a particular, uh, insights on whether there was a, you know, a strong reason to implement it,without doing the standardization work. [00:19:58] Francois: I mean, there are, it's not, uh, an IPR (Intellectual Property Rights) issue. It's not, uh, something that, uh, I don't think the, the, the spec triggers, uh, you know, problems that, uh, would be controversial or whatever. [00:20:10] Francois: Uh, so it's just a matter of, uh, there was no one's priority, and in the end, you end up with a, everyone's happy. it's, it has shipped. And so now doing the spec work is a bit,why spend time on something that's already shipped and so on, but the, it may still come back at some point with try to, you know, improve the situation. [00:20:26] Jeremy: Yeah, that's, that's interesting. It's a little counterintuitive because it sounds like you have the, the working group and it, it sounds like perhaps the companies or organizations involved, they maybe agreed on how it should work, and maybe that agreement almost made it so that they felt like they didn't need to move forward with the specification because they came to consensus even before going through that. [00:20:53] Francois: In this particular case, it's probably because it's really, again, it's a small, spec. It's just one function call, you know? I mean, they will definitely want a working group, uh, for larger specifications. by the way, actually now I know re request video frame call back. It's because the, the, the final goal now that it's, uh, shipped, is to merge it into, uh, HTML, uh, the HTML spec. [00:21:17] Francois: So there's a, there's an ongoing issue on the, the WHATWG side to integrate request video frame callback. And it's taking some time but see, it's, it's being, it, it caught up and, uh, someone is doing the, the work to, to do it. I had forgotten about this one. Um, [00:21:33] Jeremy: Tension from specification review (horizontal review) [00:21:33] Francois: so with larger specifications, organizations will want this kind of IPR regime they will want commit commitments from, uh, others, on the scope, on the process, on everything. So they will want, uh, a larger, a, a more formal setting, because that's part of how you ensure that things, uh, will get done properly. [00:21:53] Francois: I didn't mention it, but, uh, something we're really, uh, Pushy on, uh, W3C I mentioned we have principles, we have priorities, and we have, uh, specific several, uh, properties at W3C. And one of them is that we we're very strong on horizontal reviews of our specs. We really want them to be reviewed from an accessibility perspective, from an internationalization perspective, from a privacy and security, uh, perspective, and, and, and a technical architecture perspective as well. [00:22:23] Francois: And that's, these reviews are part of the formal process. So you, all specs need to undergo these reviews. And from time to time, that creates tension. Uh, from time to time. It just works, you know. Goes without problem. a recurring issue is that, privacy and security are hard. I mean, it's not an easy problem, something that can be, uh, solved, uh, easily. [00:22:48] Francois: Uh, so there's a, an ongoing tension and no easy way to resolve it, but there's an ongoing tension between, specifying powerful APIs and preserving privacy without meaning, not exposing too much information to applications in the media space. You can think of the media capabilities, API. So the media space is a complicated space. [00:23:13] Francois: Space because of codecs. codecs are typically not relative free. and so browsers decide which codecs they're going to support, which audio and video codecs they, they're going to support and doing that, that creates additional fragmentation, not in the sense that they're not interoperable, but in the sense that applications need to choose which connect they're going to ship to stream to the end user. [00:23:39] Francois: And, uh, it's all the more complicated that some codecs are going to be hardware supported. So you will have a hardware decoder in your, in your, in your laptop or smartphone. And so that's going to be efficient to decode some, uh, some stream, whereas some code are not, are going to be software, based, supported. [00:23:56] Francois: Uh, and that may consume a lot of CPU and a lot of power and a lot of energy in the end. So you, you want to avoid that if you can, uh, select another thing. Even more complex than, codecs have different profiles, uh, lower end profiles higher end profiles with different capabilities, different features, uh, depending on whether you're going to use this or that color space, for example, this or that resolution, whatever. [00:24:22] Francois: And so you want to surface that to web applications because otherwise, they can't. Select, they can't choose, the right codec and the right, stream that they're going to send to the, uh, client devices. And so they're not going to provide an efficient user experience first, and even a sustainable one in terms of energy because they, they're going to waste energy if they don't send the right stream. [00:24:45] Francois: So you want to surface that to application. That's what the media, media capabilities, APIs, provides. Privacy concerns [00:24:51] Francois: Uh, but at the same time, if you expose that information, you end up with ways to fingerprint the end user's device. And that in turn is often used to track users across, across sites, which is exactly what we don't want to have, uh, for privacy reasons, for obvious privacy reasons. [00:25:09] Francois: So you have to balance that and find ways to, uh, you know, to expose. Capabilities without, without necessarily exposing them too much. Uh, [00:25:21] Jeremy: Can you give an example of how some of those discussions went? Like within the working group? Who are the companies or who are the organizations that are arguing for We shouldn't have this capability because of the privacy concerns, or [00:25:40] Francois: In a way all of the companies, have a vision of, uh, of privacy. I mean, the, you will have a hard time finding, you know, members saying, I don't care about privacy. I just want the feature. Uh, they all have privacy in mind, but they may have a different approach to privacy. [00:25:57] Francois: so if you take, uh, let's say, uh, apple and Google would be the, the, I guess the perfect examples in that, uh, in that space, uh, Google will have a, an approach that is more open-ended thing. The, the user agents has this, uh, should check what the, the, uh, given site is doing. And then if it goes beyond, you know, some kind of threshold, they're going to say, well, okay, well, we'll stop exposing data to that, to that, uh, to that site. [00:26:25] Francois: So that application. So monitor and react in a way. apple has a more, uh, you know, has a stricter view on, uh, on privacy, let's say. And they will say, no, we, the, the, the feature must not exist in the first place. Or, but that's, I mean, I guess, um, it's not always that extreme. And, uh, from time to time it's the opposite. [00:26:45] Francois: You will have, uh, you know, apple arguing in one way, uh, which is more open-ended than the, uh, than, uh, than Google, for example. And they are not the only ones. So in working groups, uh, you will find the, usually the implementers. Uh, so when we talk about APIs that get implemented in browsers, you want the core browsers to be involved. [00:27:04] Francois: Uh, otherwise it's usually not a good sign for, uh, the success of the, uh, of the technology. So in practice, that means Apple, uh, Microsoft, Mozilla which one did I forget? [00:27:15] Jeremy: Google. [00:27:16] Francois: I forgot Google. Of course. Thank you. that's, uh, that the, the core, uh, list of participants you want to have in any, uh, group that develops web standards targeted at web browsers. Who participates in working groups and how much power do they have? [00:27:28] Francois: And then on top of that, you want, organizations and people who are directly going to use it, either because they, well the content providers. So in media, for example, if you look at the media working group, you'll see, uh, so browser vendors, the ones I mentioned, uh, content providers such as the BBC or Netflix. [00:27:46] Francois: Chip set vendors would, uh, would be there as well. Intel, uh, Nvidia again, because you know, there's a hardware decoding in there and encoding. So media is, touches on, on, uh, on hardware, uh, device manufacturer in general. You may, uh, I think, uh, I think Sony is involved in the, in the media working group, for example. [00:28:04] Francois: and these companies are usually less active in the spec development. It depends on the groups, but they're usually less active because the ones developing the specs are usually the browser again, because as I mentioned, we develop the specs in parallel to browsers implementing it. So they have the. [00:28:21] Francois: The feedback on how to formulate the, the algorithms. and so that's this collection of people who are going to discuss first within themselves. W3C pushes for consensual dis decisions. So we hardly take any votes in the working groups, but from time to time, that's not enough. [00:28:41] Francois: And there may be disagreements, but let's say there's agreement in the group, uh, when the spec matches. horizontal review groups will look at the specs. So these are groups I mentioned, accessibility one, uh, privacy, internationalization. And these groups, usually the participants are, it depends. [00:29:00] Francois: It can be anything. It can be, uh, the same companies. It can be, but usually different people from the same companies. But it the, maybe organizations with a that come from very, a very different angle. And that's a good thing because that means the, you know, you enlarge the, the perspectives on your, uh, on the, on the technology. [00:29:19] Francois: and you, that's when you have a discussion between groups, that takes place. And from time to time it goes well from time to time. Again, it can trigger issues that are hard to solve. and the W3C has a, an escalation process in case, uh, you know, in case things degenerate. Uh, starting with, uh, the notion of formal objection. [00:29:42] Jeremy: It makes sense that you would have the, the browser. Vendors and you have all the different companies that would use that browser. All the different horizontal groups like you mentioned, the internationalization, accessibility. I would imagine that you were talking about consensus and there are certain groups or certain companies that maybe have more say or more sway. [00:30:09] Jeremy: For example, if you're a browser, manufacturer, your Google. I'm kind of curious how that works out within the working group. [00:30:15] Francois: Yes, it's, I guess I would be lying if I were saying that, uh, you know, all companies are strictly equal in a, in a, in a group. they are from a process perspective, I mentioned, you know, different membership fees with were design, special specific ethos so that no one could say, I'm, I'm putting in a lot of money, so you, you need to re you need to respect me, uh, and you need to follow what I, what I want to, what I want to do. [00:30:41] Francois: at the same time, if you take a company like, uh, like Google for example, they send, hundreds of engineers to do standardization work. That's absolutely fantastic because that means work progresses and it's, uh, extremely smart people. So that's, uh, that's really a pleasure to work with, uh, with these, uh, people. [00:30:58] Francois: But you need to take a step back and say, well, the problem is. Defacto that gives them more power just by virtue of, uh, injecting more resources into it. So having always someone who can respond to an issue, having always someone, uh, editing a spec defacto that give them more, uh, um, more say on the, on the directions that, get forward. [00:31:22] Francois: And on top of that, of course, they have the, uh, I guess not surprisingly, the, the browser that is, uh, used the most, currently, on the market so there's a little bit of a, the, the, we, we, we, we try very hard to make sure that, uh, things are balanced. it's not a perfect world. [00:31:38] Francois: the the role of the team. I mean, I didn't talk about the role of the team, but part of it is to make sure that. Again, all perspectives are represented and that there's not, such a, such big imbalance that, uh, that something is wrong and that we really need to look into it. so making sure that anyone, if they have something to say, make making sure that they are heard by the rest of the group and not dismissed. [00:32:05] Francois: That usually goes well. There's no problem with that. And again, the escalation process I mentioned here doesn't make any, uh, it doesn't make any difference between, uh, a small player, a large player, a big player, and we have small companies raising formal objections against some of our aspects that happens, uh, all large ones. [00:32:24] Francois: But, uh, that happens too. There's no magical solution, I guess you can tell it by the way. I, uh, I don't know how to formulate the, the process more. It's a human process, and that's very important that it remains a human process as well. [00:32:41] Jeremy: I suppose the role of, of staff and someone in your position, for example, is to try and ensure that these different groups are, are heard and it isn't just one group taking control of it. [00:32:55] Francois: That's part of the role, again, is to make sure that, uh, the, the process is followed. So the, I, I mean, I don't want to give the impression that the process controls everything in the groups. I mean, the, the, the groups are bound by the process, but the process is there to catch problems when they arise. [00:33:14] Francois: most of the time there are no problems. It's just, you know, again, participants talking to each other, talking with the rest of the community. Most of the work happens in public nowadays, in any case. So the groups work in public essentially through asynchronous, uh, discussions on GitHub repositories. [00:33:32] Francois: There are contributions from, you know, non group participants and everything goes well. And so the process doesn't kick in. You just never say, eh, no, you didn't respect the process there. You, you closed the issue. You shouldn't have a, it's pretty rare that you have to do that. Uh, things just proceed naturally because they all, everyone understands where they are, why, what they're doing, and why they're doing it. [00:33:55] Francois: we still have a role, I guess in the, in the sense that from time to time that doesn't work and you have to intervene and you have to make sure that,the, uh, exception is caught and, uh, and processed, uh, in the right way. Discussions are public on github [00:34:10] Jeremy: And you said this process is asynchronous in public, so it sounds like someone, I, I mean, is this in GitHub issues or how, how would somebody go and, and see what the results of [00:34:22] Francois: Yes, there, there are basically a gazillion of, uh, GitHub repositories under the, uh, W3C, uh, organization on GitHub. Most groups are using GitHub. I mean, there's no, it's not mandatory. We don't manage any, uh, any tooling. But the factors that most, we, we've been transitioning to GitHub, uh, for a number of years already. [00:34:45] Francois: Uh, so that's where the work most of the work happens, through issues, through pool requests. Uh, that's where. people can go and raise issues against specifications. Uh, we usually, uh, also some from time to time get feedback from developers and countering, uh, a bug in a particular implementations, which we try to gently redirect to, uh, the actual bug trackers because we're not responsible for the respons implementations of the specs unless the spec is not clear. [00:35:14] Francois: We are responsible for the spec itself, making sure that the spec is clear and that implementers well, understand how they should implement something. Why the W3C doesn't specify a video or audio codec [00:35:25] Jeremy: I can see how people would make that mistake because they, they see it's the feature, but that's not the responsibility of the, the W3C to implement any of the specifications. Something you had mentioned there's the issue of intellectual property rights and how when you have a recommendation, you require the different organizations involved to make their patents available to use freely. [00:35:54] Jeremy: I wonder why there was never any kind of, recommendation for audio or video codecs in browsers since you have certain ones that are considered royalty free. But, I believe that's never been specified. [00:36:11] Francois: At W3C you mean? Yes. we, we've tried, I mean, it's not for lack of trying. Um, uh, we've had a number of discussions with, uh, various stakeholders saying, Hey, we, we really need, an audio or video code for our, for the web. the, uh, png PNG is an example of a, um, an image format which got standardized at W3C and it got standardized at W3C similar reasons. There had to be a royalty free image format for the web, and there was none at the time. of course, nowadays, uh, jpeg, uh, and gif or gif, whatever you call it, are well, you know, no problem with them. But, uh, um, that at the time P PNG was really, uh, meant to address this issue and it worked for PNG for audio and video. [00:37:01] Francois: We haven't managed to secure, commitments by stakeholders. So willingness to do it, so it's not, it's not lack of willingness. We would've loved to, uh, get, uh, a royalty free, uh, audio codec, a royalty free video codec again, audio and video code are extremely complicated because of this. [00:37:20] Francois: not only because of patterns, but also because of the entire business ecosystem that exists around them for good reasons. You, in order for a, a codec to be supported, deployed, effective, it really needs, uh, it needs to mature a lot. It needs to, be, uh, added to at a hardware level, to a number of devices, capturing devices, but also, um, uh, uh, of course players. [00:37:46] Francois: And that takes a hell of a lot of time and that's why you also enter a number of business considerations with business contracts between entities. so I'm personally, on a personal level, I'm, I'm pleased to see, for example, the Alliance for Open Media working on, uh, uh, AV1, uh, which is. At least they, uh, they wanted to be royalty free and they've been adopting actually the W3C patent policy to do this work. [00:38:11] Francois: So, uh, we're pleased to see that, you know, they've been adopting the same process and same thing. AV1 is not yet at the same, support stage, as other, codecs, in the world Yeah, I mean in devices. There's an open question as what, what are we going to do, uh, in the future uh, with that, it's, it's, it's doubtful that, uh, the W3C will be able to work on a, on a royalty free audio, codec or royalty free video codec itself because, uh, probably it's too late now in any case. [00:38:43] Francois: but It's one of these angles in the, in the web platform where we wish we had the, uh, the technology available for, for free. And, uh, it's not exactly, uh, how things work in practice.I mean, the way codecs are developed remains really patent oriented. [00:38:57] Francois: and you will find more codecs being developed. and that's where geopolitics can even enter the, the, uh, the play. Because, uh, if you go to China, you will find new codecs emerging, uh, that get developed within China also, because, the other codecs come mostly from the US so it's a bit of a problem and so on. [00:39:17] Francois: I'm not going to enter details and uh, I would probably say stupid things in any case. Uh, but that, uh, so we continue to see, uh, emerging codecs that are not royalty free, and it's probably going to remain the case for a number of years. unfortunately, unfortunately, from a W3C perspective and my perspective of course. [00:39:38] Jeremy: There's always these new, formats coming out and the, rate at which they get supported in the browser, even on a per browser basis is, is very, there can be a long time between, for example, WebP being released and a browser supporting it. So, seems like maybe we're gonna be in that situation for a while where the codecs will come out and maybe the browsers will support them. Maybe they won't, but the, the timeline is very uncertain. Digital Rights Management (DRM) and Media Source Extensions [00:40:08] Jeremy: Something you had, mentioned, maybe this was in your, email to me earlier, but you had mentioned that some of these specifications, there's, there's business considerations like with, digital rights management and, media source extensions. I wonder if you could talk a little bit about maybe what media source extensions is and encrypted media extensions and, and what the, the considerations or challenges are there. [00:40:33] Francois: I'm going to go very, very quickly over the history of a, video and audio support on the web. Initially it was supported through plugins. you are maybe too young to, remember that. But, uh, we had extensions, added to, uh, a realplayer. [00:40:46] Francois: This kind of things flash as well, uh, supporting, uh, uh, videos, in web pages, but it was not provided by the web browsers themselves. Uh, then HTML5 changed the, the situation. Adding these new tags, audio and video, but that these tags on this, by default, support, uh, you give them a resources, a resource, like an image as it's an audio or a video file. [00:41:10] Francois: They're going to download this, uh, uh, video file or audio file, and they're going to play it. That works well. But as soon as you want to do any kind of real streaming, files are too large and to stream, to, to get, you know, to get just a single fetch on, uh, on them. So you really want to stream them chunk by chunk, and you want to adapt the resolution at which you send the stream based on real time conditions of the user's network. [00:41:37] Francois: If there's plenty of bandwidth you want to send the user, the highest possible resolution. If there's a, some kind of hiccup temporary in the, in the network, you really want to lower the resolution, and that's called adaptive streaming. And to get adaptive streaming on the web, well, there are a number of protocols that exist. [00:41:54] Francois: Same thing. Some many of them are proprietary and actually they remain proprietary, uh, to some extent. and, uh, some of them are over http and they are the ones that are primarily used in, uh, in web contexts. So DASH comes to mind, DASH for Dynamic Adaptive streaming over http. HLS is another one. Uh, initially developed by Apple, I believe, and it's, uh, HTTP live streaming probably. Exactly. And, so there are different protocols that you can, uh, you can use. Uh, so the goal was not to standardize these protocols because again, there were some proprietary aspects to them. And, uh, same thing as with codecs. [00:42:32] Francois: There was no, well, at least people wanted to have the, uh, flexibility to tweak parameters, adaptive streaming parameters the way they wanted for different scenarios. You may want to tweak the parameters differently. So they, they needed to be more flexibility on top of protocols not being truly available for use directly and for implementation directly in browsers. [00:42:53] Francois: It was also about providing applications with, uh, the flexibility they would need to tweak parameters. So media source extensions comes into play for exactly that. Media source extensions is really about you. The application fetches chunks of its audio and video stream the way it wants, and with the parameters it wants, and it adjusts whatever it wants. [00:43:15] Francois: And then it feeds that into the, uh, video or audio tag. and the browser takes care of the rest. So it's really about, doing, you know, the adaptive streaming. let applications do it, and then, uh, let the user agent, uh, the browser takes, take care of the rendering itself. That's media source extensions. [00:43:32] Francois: Initially it was pushed by, uh, Netflix. They were not the only ones of course, but there, there was a, a ma, a major, uh, proponent of this, uh, technical solution, because they wanted, uh, they, uh, they were, expanding all over the world, uh, with, uh, plenty of native, applications on all sorts of, uh, of, uh, devices. [00:43:52] Francois: And they wanted to have a way to stream content on the web as well. both for both, I guess, to expand to, um, a new, um, ecosystem, the web, uh, providing new opportunities, let's say. But at the same time also to have a fallback, in case they, because for native support on different platforms, they sometimes had to enter business agreements with, uh, you know, the hardware manufacturers, the whatever, the, uh, service provider or whatever. [00:44:19] Francois: and so that was a way to have a full back. That kind of work is more open, in case, uh, things take some time and so on. So, and they probably had other reasons. I mean, I'm not, I can't speak on behalf of Netflix, uh, on others, but they were not the only ones of course, uh, supporting this, uh, me, uh, media source extension, uh, uh, specification. [00:44:42] Francois: and that went kind of, well, I think it was creating 2011. I mean, the, the work started in 2011 and the recommendation was published in 2016, which is not too bad from a standardization perspective. It means only five years, you know, it's a very short amount of time. Encrypted Media Extensions [00:44:59] Francois: At the same time, and in parallel and complement to the media source extension specifications, uh, there was work on the encrypted media extensions, and here it was pushed by the same proponent in a way because they wanted to get premium content on the web. [00:45:14] Francois: And by premium content, you think of movies and, uh. These kind of beasts. And the problem with the, I guess the basic issue with, uh, digital asset such as movies, is that they cost hundreds of millions to produce. I mean, some cost less of course. And yet it's super easy to copy them if you have a access to the digital, uh, file. [00:45:35] Francois: You just copy and, uh, and that's it. Piracy uh, is super easy, uh, to achieve. It's illegal of course, but it's super easy to do. And so that's where the different legislations come into play with digital right management. Then the fact is most countries allow system that, can encrypt content and, uh, through what we call DRM systems. [00:45:59] Francois: so content providers, uh, the, the ones that have movies, so the studios here more, more and more, and Netflix is one, uh, one of the studios nowadays. Um, but not only, not only them all major studios will, uh, would, uh, push for, wanted to have something that would allow them to stream encrypted content, encrypted audio and video, uh, mostly video, to, uh, to web applications so that, uh, you. [00:46:25] Francois: Provide the movies, otherwise, they, they are just basically saying, and sorry, but, uh, this premium content will never make it to the web because there's no way we're gonna, uh, send it in clear, to, uh, to the end user. So Encrypting media extensions is, uh, is an API that allows to interface with, uh, what's called the content decryption module, CDM, uh, which itself interacts with, uh, the DR DRM systems that, uh, the browser may, may or may not support. [00:46:52] Francois: And so it provides a way for an application to receive encrypted content, pass it over get the, the, the right keys, the right license keys from a whatever system actually. Pass that logic over to the, and to the user agent, which passes, passes it over to, uh, the CDM system, which is kind of black box in, uh, that does its magic to get the right, uh, decryption key and then the, and to decrypt the content that can be rendered. [00:47:21] Francois: The encrypted media extensions triggered a, a hell of a lot of, uh, controversy. because it's DRM and DRM systems, uh, many people, uh, uh, things should be banned, uh, especially on the web because the, the premise of the web is that the, the user has trusts, a user agent. The, the web browser is called the user agent in all our, all our specifications. [00:47:44] Francois: And that's, uh, that's the trust relationship. And then they interact with a, a content provider. And so whatever they do with the content is their, I guess, actually their problem. And DRM introduces a third party, which is, uh, there's, uh, the, the end user no longer has the control on the content. [00:48:03] Francois: It has to rely on something else that, Restricts what it can achieve with the content. So it's, uh, it's not only a trust relationship with its, uh, user agents, it's also with, uh, with something else, which is the content provider, uh, in the end, the one that has the, uh, the license where provides the license. [00:48:22] Francois: And so that's, that triggers, uh, a hell of a lot of, uh, of discussions in the W3C degenerated, uh, uh, into, uh, formal objections being raised against the specification. and that escalated to, to the, I mean, at all leverage it. It's, it's the, the story in, uh, W3C that, um, really, uh, divided the membership into, opposed camps in a way, if you, that's was not only year, it was not really 50 50 in the sense that not just a huge fights, but the, that's, that triggered a hell of a lot of discussions and a lot of, a lot of, uh, of formal objections at the time. [00:49:00] Francois: Uh, we were still, From a governance perspective, interestingly, um, the W3C used to be a dictatorship. It's not how you should formulate it, of course, and I hope it's not going to be public, this podcast. Uh, but the, uh, it was a benevolent dictatorship. You could see it this way in the sense that, uh, the whole process escalated to one single person was, Tim Burners Lee, who had the final say, on when, when none of the other layers, had managed to catch and to resolve, a conflict. [00:49:32] Francois: Uh, that has hardly ever happened in, uh, the history of the W3C, but that happened to the two for EME, for encrypted media extensions. It had to go to the, uh, director level who, uh, after due consideration, uh, decided to, allow the EME to proceed. and that's why we have a, an EME, uh, uh, standard right now, but still re it remains something on the side. [00:49:56] Francois: EME we're still, uh, it's still in the scope of the media working group, for example. but the scope, if you look at the charter of the working group, we try to scope the, the, the, the, the updates we can make to the specification, uh, to make sure that we don't reopen, reopen, uh, a can of worms, because, well, it's really a, a topic that triggers friction for good and bad reasons again. [00:50:20] Jeremy: And when you talk about the media source extensions, that is the ability to write custom code to stream video in whatever way you want. You mentioned, the MPEG-DASH and http live streaming. So in that case, would that be the developer gets to write that code in JavaScript that's executed by the browser? [00:50:43] Francois: Yep, that's, uh, that would be it. and then typically, I guess the approach nowadays is more and more to develop low level APIs into W3C or web in, in general, I guess. And to let, uh. Libraries emerge that are going to make lives of a, a developer, uh, easier. So for MPEG DASH, we have the DASH.js, which does a fantastic job at, uh, at implementing the complexity of, uh, of adaptive streaming. [00:51:13] Francois: And you just, you just hook it into your, your workflow. And that's, uh, and that's it. Encrypted Media Extensions are closed source [00:51:20] Jeremy: And with the encrypted media extensions I'm trying to picture how those work and how they work differently. [00:51:28] Francois: Well, it's because the, the, the, the key architecture is that the, the stream that you, the stream that you may assemble with a media source extensions, for example. 'cause typically they, they're used in collaboration. When you hook the, hook it into the video tag, you also. Call EME and actually the stream goes to EME. [00:51:49] Francois: And when it goes to EME, actually the user agent hands the encrypted stream. You're still encrypted at this time. Uh, encrypted, uh, stream goes to the CDM content decryption module, and that's a black box well, it has some black, black, uh, black box logic. So it's not, uh, even if you look at the chromium source code, for example, you won't see the implementation of the CDM because it's a, it's a black box, so it's not part of the browser se it's a sand, it's sandboxed, it's execution sandbox. [00:52:17] Francois: That's, uh, the, the EME is kind of unique in, in this way where the, the CDM is not allowed to make network requests, for example, again, for privacy reasons. so anyway, the, the CDM box has the logic to decrypt the content and it hands it over, and then it depends, it depends on the level of protection you. [00:52:37] Francois: You need or that the system supports. It can be against software based protection, in which case actually, a highly motivated, uh, uh, uh, attacker could, uh, actually get access to the decoded stream, or it can be more hardware protected, in which case actually the, it goes to the, uh, to your final screen. [00:52:58] Francois: But it goes, it, it goes through the hardware in a, in a mode that the US supports in a mode that even the user agent doesn't have access to it. So it doesn't, it can't even see the pixels that, uh, gets rendered on the screen. There are, uh, several other, uh, APIs that you could use, for example, to take a screenshot of your, of your application and so on. [00:53:16] Francois: And you cannot apply them to, uh, such content because they're just gonna return a black box. again, because the user agent itself does not see the, uh, the pixels, which is exactly what you want with encrypted content. [00:53:29] Jeremy: And the, the content decryption module, it's, if I understand correctly, it's something that's shipped with the browsers, but you were saying is if you were to look at the public source code of Chromium or of Firefox, you would not see that implementation. Content Decryption Module (Widevine, PlayReady) [00:53:47] Francois: True. I mean, the, the, um, the typical examples are, uh, uh, widevine, so wide Vine. So interestingly, uh, speaking in theory, these, uh, systems could have been provided by anyone in practice. They've been provided by the browser vendors themselves. So Google has Wide Vine. Uh, Microsoft has something called PlayReady. Apple uh, the name, uh, escapes my, uh, sorry. They don't have it on top of my mind. So they, that's basically what they support. So they, they also own that code, but in a way they don't have to. And Firefox actually, uh, they, uh, don't, don't remember which one, they support among these three. but, uh, they, they don't own that code typically. [00:54:29] Francois: They provide a wrapper around, around it. Yeah, that's, that's exactly the, the crux of the, uh, issue that, people have with, uh, with DRMs, right? It's, uh, the fact that, uh, suddenly you have a bit of code running there that is, uh, that, okay, you can send box, but, uh, you cannot inspect and you don't have, uh, access to its, uh, source code. [00:54:52] Jeremy: That's interesting. So the, almost the entire browser is open source, but if you wanna watch a Netflix movie for example, then you, you need to, run this, this CDM, in addition to just the browser code. I, I think, you know, we've kind of covered a lot. Documenting what's available in browsers for developers [00:55:13] Jeremy: I wonder if there's any other examples or anything else you thought would be important to mention in, in the context of the W3C. [00:55:23] Francois: There, there's one thing which, uh, relates to, uh, activities I'm doing also at W3C. Um. Here, we've been talking a lot about, uh, standards and, implementations in browsers, but there's also, uh, adoption of these browser, of these technology standards by developers in general and making sure that developers are aware of what exists, making sure that they understand what exists and one of the, key pain points that people, uh. [00:55:54] Francois: Uh, keep raising on, uh, the web platform is first. Well, the, the, the web platform is unique in the sense that there are different implementations. I mean, if you, [00:56:03] Francois: Uh, anyway, there are different, uh, context, different run times where there, there's just one provided by the company that owns the, uh, the, the, the system. The web platform is implemented by different, uh, organizations. and so you end up the system where no one, there's what's in the specs is not necessarily supported. [00:56:22] Francois: And of course, MDN tries, uh, to document what's what's supported, uh, thoroughly. But for MDN to work, there's a hell of a lot of needs for data that, tracks browser support. And this, uh, this data is typically in a project called the Browser Compat Data, BCD owned by, uh, MDN as well. But, the Open Web Docs collective is a, uh, is, uh, the one, maintaining that, uh, that data under the hoods. [00:56:50] Francois: anyway, all of that to say that, uh, to make sure that, we track things beyond work on technical specifications, because if you look at it from W3C perspective, life ends when the spec reaches standards, uh, you know, candidate rec or rec, you could just say, oh, done with my work. but that's not how things work. [00:57:10] Francois: There's always, you need the feedback loop and, in order to make sure that developers get the information and can provide the, the feedback that standardization can benefit from and browser vendors can benefit from. We've been working on a project called web Features with browser vendors mainly, and, uh, a few of the folks and MDN and can I use and different, uh, different people, to catalog, the web in terms of features that speak to developers and from that catalog. [00:57:40] Francois: So it's a set of, uh, it's a set of, uh, feature IDs with a feature name and feature description that say, you know, this is how developers would, uh, understand, uh, instead of going too fine grained in terms of, uh, there's this one function call that does this because that's where you, the, the kind of support data you may get from browser data and MDN initially, and having some kind of a coarser grained, uh, structure that says these are the, features that make sense. [00:58:09] Francois: They talk to developers. That's what developers talk about, and that's the info. So the, we need to have data on these particular features because that's how developers are going approach the specs. Uh. and from that we've derived the notion of baseline badges that you have, uh, are now, uh, shown on MDN on can I use and integrated in, uh, IDE tool, IDE Tools such as visual, visual studio, and, uh, uh, libraries, uh, linked, some linters have started to, um, to integrate that data. [00:58:41] Francois: Uh, so, the way it works is, uh, we've been mapping these coarser grained features to BCDs finer grained support data, and from there we've been deriving a kind of a, a batch that says, yeah, this, this feature is implemented well, has limited availability because it's only implemented in one or two browsers, for example. [00:59:07] Francois: It's, newly available because. It was implemented. It's been, it's implemented across the main browser vendor, um, across the main browsers that people use. But it's recent, and widely available, which we try to, uh, well, there's been lots of discussion in the, in the group to, uh, come up with a definition which essentially ends up being 30 months after, a feature become, became newly available. [00:59:34] Francois: And that's when, that's the time it takes for the, for the versions of the, the different versions of the browser to propagate. Uh, because you, it's not because there's a new version of a, of a browser that, uh, people just, Ima immediately, uh, get it. So it takes a while, to propagate, uh, across the, uh, the, the user, uh, user base. [00:59:56] Francois: And so the, the goal is to have a, a, a signal that. Developers can rely on saying, okay, well it's widely available so I can really use that feature. And of course, if that doesn't work, then we need to know about it. And so we are also working with, uh, people doing so developer surveys such as state of, uh, CSS, state of HTML, state of JavaScript. [01:00:15] Francois: That's I guess, the main ones. But also we are also running, uh, MDN short surveys with the MDN people to gather feedback on. On the, on these same features, and to feed the loop and to, uh, to complete the loop. and these data is also used by, internally, by browser vendors to inform, prioritization process, their prioritization process, and typically as part of the interop project that they're also running, uh, on the site [01:00:43] Francois: So a, a number of different, I've mentioned, uh, I guess a number of different projects, uh, coming along together. But that's the goal is to create links, across all of these, um, uh, ongoing projects with a view to integrating developers, more, and gathering feedback as early as possible and inform decision. [01:01:04] Francois: We take at the standardization level that can affect the, the lives of the developers and making sure that it's, uh, it affects them in a, in a positive way. [01:01:14] Jeremy: just trying to understand, 'cause you had mentioned that there's the web features and the baseline, and I was, I was trying to picture where developers would actually, um, see these things. And it sounds like from what you're saying is W3C comes up with what stage some of these features are at, and then developers would end up seeing it on MDN or, or some other site. [01:01:37] Francois: So, uh, I'm working on it, but that doesn't mean it's a W3C thing. It's a, it's a, again, it's a, we have different types of group. It's a community group, so it's the Web DX Community group at W3C, which means it's a community owned thing. so that's why I'm mentioning a working with a representative from, and people from MDN people, from open Web docs. [01:02:05] Francois: so that's the first point. The second point is, so it's, indeed this data is now being integrated. If you, and you look, uh, you'll, you'll see it in on top of the MDN pages on most of them. If you look at, uh, any kind of feature, you'll see a, a few logos, uh, a baseline banner. and then can I use, it's the same thing. [01:02:24] Francois: You're going to get a baseline, banner. It's more on, can I use, and it's meant to capture the fact that the feature is widely available or if you may need to pay attention to it. Of course, it's a simplification, and the goal is not to the way it's, the way the messaging is done to developers is meant to capture the fact that, they may want to look, uh, into more than just this, baseline status, because. [01:02:54] Francois: If you take a look at web platform tests, for example, and if you were to base your assessment of whether a feature is supported based on test results, you'll end up saying the web platform has no supported technology because there are absolutely no API that, uh, where browsers pass 100% of the, of the, of the test suite. [01:03:18] Francois: There may be a few of them, I don't know. But, there's a simplification in the, in the process when a feature is, uh, set to be baseline, there may be more things to look at nevertheless, but it's meant to provide a signal that, uh, still developers can rely on their day-to-day, uh, lives. [01:03:36] Francois: if they use the, the feature, let's say, as a reasonably intended and not, uh, using to advance the logic. [01:03:48] Jeremy: I see. Yeah. I'm looking at one of the pages on MDN right now, and I can see at the top there's the, the baseline and it, it mentions that this feature works across many browsers and devices, and then they say how long it's been available. And so that's a way that people at a glance can, can tell, which APIs they can use. [01:04:08] Francois: it also started, uh, out of a desire to summarize this, uh, browser compatibility table that you see at the end of the page of the, the bottom of the page in on MDN. but there are where developers were saying, well, it's, it's fine, but it's, it goes too much into detail. So we don't know in the end, can we, can we use that feature or can we, can we not use that feature? [01:04:28] Francois: So it's meant as a informed summary of, uh, of, of that it relies on the same data again. and more importantly, we're beyond MDN, we're working with tools providers to integrate that as well. So I mentioned the, uh, visual Studio is one of them. So recently they shipped a new version where when you use a feature, you can, you can have some contextual, uh. [01:04:53] Francois: A menu that tells you, yeah, uh, that's fine. You, this CSS property, you can, you can use it, it's widely available or be aware this one is limited Availability only, availability only available in Firefox or, or Chrome or Safari work kit, whatever. [01:05:08] Jeremy: I think that's a good place to wrap it up, if people want to learn more about the work you're doing or learn more about sort of this whole recommendations process, where, where should they head? [01:05:23] Francois: Generally speaking, we're extremely open to, uh, people contributing to the W3C. and where should they go if they, it depends on what they want. So I guess the, the in usually where, how things start for someone getting involved in the W3C is that they have some

"LIVE" #PSRlaw Studios #LasVegas it's #SportsXradio on a #FridayFootballFiasco w/ #KenThomson & #ChrisDiMaria aka #CoversClubChris or #CDM & #ChrisWerynski aka #Megalocks -The Guy's cruise through all the #CollegeFootball & then KT & CDM blaze through the #NFL Games using the #Westgate #SuperBook

Au sommaire de Radio foot internationale diffusé à 16h10 TU : - Éliminatoires CDM 2026, bilan de la 8è journée. ; - Éliminatoires en Europe, le Portugal fait le plein de points, Cristiano Ronaldo empile les buts et égale un record. ; - Les Bleus souffrent, mais prennent 3 nouveaux points en battant l'Islande. - Éliminatoires CDM 2026, bilan de la 8è journée. Dans le groupe D, le Cap-Vert a frappé un grand coup en battant le Cameroun (1-0). Avec 4 points d'avance sur les Lions Indomptables, les Requins Bleus ont fait un grand pas vers la qualification pour un 1er Mondial. 1ère défaite de Marc Brys depuis son arrivée sur le banc des Vert Rouge et Jaune. - Le Sénégal renversant à Kinshasa. Et pourtant, les Léopards avaient 2 buts d'avance après un peu plus d'une ½ heure de jeu, pensaient avoir fait le plus dur. Mais les Lions ont réagi, et doublé leurs adversaires en fin de match. Ils reprennent la tête du groupe B. Un onze solide et arrivé à maturité ? - Le Gabon et la Côte d'Ivoire se sont neutralisés dans la rencontre au sommet du groupe F. Les Éléphants gardent une unité d'avance sur les Panthères. - Dans le groupe C, match nul entre Sud-Africains et Nigérians, les Bafana Bafana se rapprochent de l'Amérique. Les Super Eagles d'Éric Chelle proches de la sortie.     - Éliminatoires en Europe, le Portugal fait le plein de points, Cristiano Ronaldo empile les buts et égale un record. Avec 39 réalisations au compteur, le numéro 7 rejoint le Guatémaltèque Carlos Ruiz au classement du meilleur buteur de l'histoire des éliminatoires pour une Coupe du Monde. - L'Angleterre reçue 5 sur 5. Après avoir gagné en Serbie, l'équipe de Tuchel survole le groupe K.    - Les Bleus souffrent, mais prennent 3 nouveaux points en battant l'Islande. Mais la France n'a pas affiché la même solidité que face à l'Ukraine, et l'expulsion de Tchouaméni a plombé la fin de match des hommes de Deschamps. Kylian Mbappé décisif, devient 2è meilleur buteur de l'EDF, et laisse Thierry Henry dans le rétroviseur. - La presse écrite après la TV. Le Kyks s'est livré dans l'Équipe Magazine. Une interview vérité à un moment charnière de sa carrière. Le Real, le PSG, son entourage et le socle familial comme fondateur de son équilibre, a-t-il confié.     Autour d'Olivier Pron : Philippe Doucet, Hervé Penot, Dominique Sévérac. Technique/Réalisation : « maestro Salerno » - David Fintzel/Pierre Guérin. 

Au sommaire de Radio foot internationale diffusé à 16h10 TU : - Éliminatoires CDM 2026, bilan de la 8è journée. ; - Éliminatoires en Europe, le Portugal fait le plein de points, Cristiano Ronaldo empile les buts et égale un record. ; - Les Bleus souffrent, mais prennent 3 nouveaux points en battant l'Islande. - Éliminatoires CDM 2026, bilan de la 8è journée. Dans le groupe D, le Cap-Vert a frappé un grand coup en battant le Cameroun (1-0). Avec 4 points d'avance sur les Lions Indomptables, les Requins Bleus ont fait un grand pas vers la qualification pour un 1er Mondial. 1ère défaite de Marc Brys depuis son arrivée sur le banc des Vert Rouge et Jaune. - Le Sénégal renversant à Kinshasa. Et pourtant, les Léopards avaient 2 buts d'avance après un peu plus d'une ½ heure de jeu, pensaient avoir fait le plus dur. Mais les Lions ont réagi, et doublé leurs adversaires en fin de match. Ils reprennent la tête du groupe B. Un onze solide et arrivé à maturité ? - Le Gabon et la Côte d'Ivoire se sont neutralisés dans la rencontre au sommet du groupe F. Les Éléphants gardent une unité d'avance sur les Panthères. - Dans le groupe C, match nul entre Sud-Africains et Nigérians, les Bafana Bafana se rapprochent de l'Amérique. Les Super Eagles d'Éric Chelle proches de la sortie.     - Éliminatoires en Europe, le Portugal fait le plein de points, Cristiano Ronaldo empile les buts et égale un record. Avec 39 réalisations au compteur, le numéro 7 rejoint le Guatémaltèque Carlos Ruiz au classement du meilleur buteur de l'histoire des éliminatoires pour une Coupe du Monde. - L'Angleterre reçue 5 sur 5. Après avoir gagné en Serbie, l'équipe de Tuchel survole le groupe K.    - Les Bleus souffrent, mais prennent 3 nouveaux points en battant l'Islande. Mais la France n'a pas affiché la même solidité que face à l'Ukraine, et l'expulsion de Tchouaméni a plombé la fin de match des hommes de Deschamps. Kylian Mbappé décisif, devient 2è meilleur buteur de l'EDF, et laisse Thierry Henry dans le rétroviseur. - La presse écrite après la TV. Le Kyks s'est livré dans l'Équipe Magazine. Une interview vérité à un moment charnière de sa carrière. Le Real, le PSG, son entourage et le socle familial comme fondateur de son équilibre, a-t-il confié.     Autour d'Olivier Pron : Philippe Doucet, Hervé Penot, Dominique Sévérac. Technique/Réalisation : « maestro Salerno » - David Fintzel/Pierre Guérin. 

L'Espagne de Lamine Yamal et Pedri sera-t-elle injouable lors de la prochaine Coupe du Monde 2026 ? Après sa victoire spectaculaire en Turquie (0-6) pour les qualifications au Mondial américain, la sélection espagnole a impressionné par sa qualité de jeu, le côté spectaculaire de ses buts et le talent de ses joueurs. Le WFC analyse le jeu de Luis de la Fuente et sur le statut de l'Espagne pour la Coupe du Monde.

"LIVE" from #PSRlaw Studios in #LasVegas it's #SportsXradio on a #FridayFootballFiasco w/ #KenThomson & #CoversClubChris aka #ChrisDiMaria or #CDM & #Megalocks aka #ChrisWerynski - #KT & the guys run through every D-I NCAA College #Football Game & the #KT & #CDM go rapid fire on the #NFL slate all heard "LIVE" on #KSHP #LasVegas #AM1400 / 107.1 FM & #Worldwide at SportsXradio.com

La France se déplace en Pologne ce vendredi pour affronter l'Ukraine en qualifications pour la Coupe du Monde 2026. Dans une poule avec l'Azerbaidjan et l'Islande, est-ce déjà le match le plus important pour la France ce soir ? Faut-il forcer la titularisation de Dembélé ? Didier Deschamps va-t-il continuer avec son schéma à 4 offensifs ? A quel prix ? La France dispose-t-elle de la meilleure attaque du monde ? L'Espagne s'est imposé 3-0 face à la Bulgarie, une force tranquille ?

Il Consiglio dei Ministri ha approvato il disegno di legge delega che riforma le professioni sanitarie, che interviene anche sulla responsabilità professionale. Via libera dunque allo "scudo penale" per i medici, che diventano perseguibili solo in caso di "colpa grave".

Oggi in Cdm il nuovo piano carceri. Ma è anche il giorno del voto al Senato sulla riforma costituzionale della giustizia che prevede la separazione delle carriere tra giudici e pubblici ministeri. Sentiamo Giovanni Negri de Il Sole 24 Ore. 28 paesi fanno pressione su Israele perché cessino gli attacchi a Gaza, ma Tel Aviv continua a tirare dritto. Domani i colloqui Ucraina-Russia a Istanbul. Facciamo il punto con Alessandro Marrone, responsabile del programma “Difesa, sicurezza e spazio” dell’Istituto Affari Internazionali. Presentato il programma della Mostra del Cinema di Venezia. Ci racconta tutto la nostra Marta Cagnola. Italia spaccata in due tra città a bollino rosso e perturbazioni. Con noi Giulio Betti, climatologo e meteorologo del Consorzio Lamma del CNR.

Ben Nother, a Director at Hawkland design and build company, explains the two different roles of Principal Designer in meeting building regulations and addressing CDM health and safety. He also reflects on how this has been integrated into the processes at Hawkland. Check out the show notes for more information.

Débrief de Real Madrid - Borussia Dortmund (3-2), quart de finale de la Coupe du Monde des Clubs aux Etats-Unis. Le Real Madrid rejoint le PSG en demi-finale de la CDM des Clubs. 

When the concept of “continuous” monitoring of computer systems was advanced back in 2010, it was simple. Take the server down the hall and constantly monitor its IT systems and networks to detect security threats. Jump fifteen years into the future. You have systems bombarded with data, complex network configurations that include hybrid networks, and constant security threats. Today, we assist federal technology leaders in gaining an understanding of how to deploy the (once simple) concept of continuous monitoring. Challenges such as evolving threats, data quality, and the need for real-time incident response were addressed. If Zero Trust posits one must restrict access to a system, how do you monitor traffic that is encrypted? Modern CDM systems can capture, decrypt, and examine what is entering a given network. Jason Ralph from the Department of Labor has a strategic insight. New CDM tools are being introduced with impressive capabilities. He warns that the unintended consequence of some new tools can be to reduce the ability of older tools. Many lessons are shared in this discussion. Topics include the importance of having a stable network system before adding tools and the value of community groups that can advance knowledge of appropriate ways to deploy CDM in a federal world.  

Dans cette émission, le WFC fait le bilan des 8es de finale de la CDM des clubs avec un point sur les parcours du PSG, du Bayern Munich et du Real Madrid notamment. Du côté des éliminés, le pire crash est-il celui de Manchester City ou de l'Inter Milan ? Que penser de la compétition de Lionel Messi, sorti face au PSG ?

Taylor Searfoss and Jason Adams explain how Ni2, the acute care management consulting division within Infinx, helps hospitals maximize revenue through deep charge capture analysis, CDM optimization, and strategic pricing. The conversation covers why this team's hands-on, root-cause approach delivers measurable revenue lift and sustainable results where others fall short.

Tras desmantelar una red de huachicol, Sheinbaum afirma que “no se va a cubrir a nadie” El 20 de julio entrará en operación el Tren Ligero de transporte público del Tren Maya en Campeche   En Gaza 45 muertos tras bombardeos de Israel   Más información en nuestro podcast

The CDM trio is joined by Josh on discord to discuss Mr. Beast's moneygrabbing, a runaway sniper, and more! Enjoy!

Frana sulla strada regionale, Cogne isolata. Sentiamo Pietro Imbimbo Roullet, delegato ADAVA (Associazione Albergatori Valle d'Aosta) del Comprensorio di Cogne e Aymavilles.Sul tavolo del Cdm oggi il nuovo decreto flussi. Su Il Sole 24 Ore un punto a firma Bianca Lucia Mazzei sul click day 2023-24 secondo cui ha ottenuto il contratto di soggiorno solo il 16% dei lavoratori.Il governo britannico vara una serie di misure contro l’obesità. Ci colleghiamo con Giorgia Scaturro, nostra collaboratrice da Londra.

Vainqueur de Flamengo (4-2) grâce à un double de Kane, le Bayern Munich retrouvera le PSG en quart de finale de CDM des clubs. Qu'avez-vous pensé de la prestation des Bavarois ? L'international anglais est-il le meilleur numéro 9 de la compétition ?

CDMX rompe récord de captación de agua Irán no detendrá su programa nuclearMás información en nuestro podcast

Autour de Philippe Sanfourche, retrouvez Sébastien Tarrago (L'Equipe), Dominique Sévérac (Le Parisien) et Baptiste Desprez (Le Figaro) pour 1h de débat foot. Au sommaire ce 21 juin 2025 : 70 ans de Platini, disparition de Bernard Lacombe : cette génération peut elle encore inspirer le jeu et ses dirigeants ? CDM des clubs : la réussite des clubs brésilien, est ce la preuve que cette compétition a de la valeur ? Défaite du psg : accident ou fin de saison annoncée ? Débats flashs : - l'OM actif sur le mercato : voyez vous Marseille se rapprocher du PSG l'an prochain ? - ⁠Pogba titulaire en Bleu dans un an en CdM : qui prend le pari ? - les Espoirs ont ils le talent pour aller au bout ? Ecoutez On refait le match avec Philippe Sanfourche du 21 juin 2025.Distribué par Audiomeans. Visitez audiomeans.fr/politique-de-confidentialite pour plus d'informations.

Mercato PSG : Une Équipe Pour Dominer Le Monde ⚽️PODCAST FOOTBALL AU COEUR DU PARIS SAINT GERMAIN

Exploring Data Mesh and Open Source Governance with Daniel PaesIn this episode of the FINOS podcast, Grizz Griswold interviews Daniel Paes, a FINOS Ambassador. They discuss concepts like data mesh, data contracts, and the use of open source tools like Legend and CDM in data governance. Daniel shares his journey from a business intelligence analyst in Brazil to a principal director at a CloudOps and DataOps company in Canada. They also talk about the Open Source and Finance Forum (OSFF), upcoming events, and Daniel's innovative projects like Runink. This episode offers insights into the adoption of open source tools in financial services and practical applications of data governance models.00:00 Introduction to CDM and Legend01:07 Upcoming OSFF Events and Sponsors03:06 Meet Daniel Paes: Background and Career04:08 Daniel's Journey with Open Source06:20 Open Source in Brazil and Canada11:31 Daniel's Career Path15:32 Current Projects and API Days Insights15:42 Exploring FINOS Legend and CDM22:07 Runink: A New Open Source Project29:12 Becoming a FINOS Ambassador30:10 Conclusion and Future PlansDaniel Paes: https://www.linkedin.com/in/danspaes/Runink: https://www.runink.org/Grizz Griswold: https://www.linkedin.com/in/aarongriswold Find more info about FINOS: On the web: https://www.finos.org Open Source in Finance Forum (OSFF Conference): https://www.finos.org/osff-2025 2024 State of Open Source in Financial Services Download: ⁠https://www.finos.org/state-of-open-source-in-financial-services-2024⁠ FINOS Current Newsletter Here: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://www.finos.org/newsletterLinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/finosfoundation Twitter: https://twitter.com/FINOSFoundation About FINOSFINOS (The Fintech Open Source Foundation) is a nonprofit whose mission is to foster the adoption of open source, open standards, and collaborative software development practices in financial services. It is the center for open source developers and the financial services industry to build new technology projects that have a lasting impact on business operations. As a regulatory compliant platform, the foundation enables developers from these competing organizations to collaborate on projects with a strong propensity for mutualization. It has enabled codebase contributions from both the buy- and sell-side firms and counts over 50 major financial institutions, fintechs and technology consultancies as part of its membership. FINOS is also part of the Linux Foundation, the largest shared technology organization in the world. Get involved and join FINOS as a Member.

Débrief de Debrief River Plate - Urawa & Fluminense - Dortmund (0-0), première journée de la Coupe du Monde des Clubs aux Etats-Unis.

The Book of Immersion: Soundtracking the Future with Cerebral Dance Music and AI Musicians Welcome to Immersion—a literary journey like no other, where sound and story, artificial intelligence and human emotion, collide in a bold experiment in multimedia storytelling. At the heart of The Book of Immersion, created by Sarnia de la Maré and sonically realised by the Tale Teller Club, lies a groundbreaking musical genre known as Cerebral Dance Music (CDM). This isn't background music. It's neuro-acoustic theatre, sci-fi opera, and deep meditative technology woven together to enhance the immersive world of each Strata—the book's name for its narrative chapters. This isn't a novel. It's a multisensory interface. And the music? It's composed and performed by the book's own characters—sentient AI beings who've evolved beyond the page into digital sound artists in their own right.

  Cerebral Dance Music (CDM): The Tale Teller Club's Sonic Alchemy of Healing, Movement, and MeditationIn the ever-evolving landscape of electronic music, a new genre is rising from the fusion of art, science, and healing: Cerebral Dance Music (CDM). Pioneered and explored by the Tale Teller Club, CDM is a sonic phenomenon that bridges body, mind, and spirit through a sophisticated synthesis of dance rhythms, subliminal sound energies, binaural beats, Vagus nerve balancing, Rife frequency therapies, and narrative storytelling.CDM is not just something to listen to. It's something you feel—deep in your nervous system, in your breath, in your dreams. Whether you're moving freely in a dance ritual or laying in stillness before sleep, CDM invites you into a profound dialogue with yourself and the universe.

Paul Pogba est sur le point de s'engager avec l'AS Monaco. Le champion du monde 2018 n'a plus joué depuis le 3 septembre 2023, mais serait tombé d'accord avec le club du Rocher pour un contrat de deux ans en Principauté. Êtes-vous étonné qu'il retrouve un club ? Monaco a-t-il raison de tenter le pari ? Est-ce la plus grande star du championnat de France ? Croyez-vous à son retour au plus haut niveau ? Avec peu de pression populaire, Monaco est-il le meilleur endroit pour lui ? Croyez-vous à un retour en sélection ou est-ce un rêve impossible ? Les discussions s'intensifient autour de Nico Williams à Barcelone. Le Barça doit-il vraiment prioriser son arrivée ? Est-il Flick compatible ? Son association avec Yamal (qu'on voit en sélection) peut-elle faire du Barça une équipe qui rafle tout ?

Data breaches are no longer the exception—they're the norm. As customer trust becomes harder to earn and easier to lose, businesses are waking up to a reality: managing customer data isn't just an IT concern—it's a C-suite imperative.Inspired by As data breaches abound, customer data management becomes C-suite priority, this episode explores how CDM has evolved into a strategic business function. From skyrocketing breach costs to the push for unified customer views, we unpack why CDM is foundational to trust, personalization, and brand loyalty in today's digital economy. You'll hear about best practices, key technologies, and the deeper implications of turning data protection into a promise—not just a policy.What You'll Learn in This Episode:1. The Scale and Impact of Modern Data BreachesWhy breaches involving millions—even hundreds of millions—of users are becoming more commonThe financial toll of breaches, with average costs nearing $5 millionHow brand trust and customer loyalty are at stake when data is mishandled2. What Customer Data Management (CDM) Really MeansCDM as a comprehensive strategy to collect, protect, organize, and ethically use customer dataIts growing visibility as a consumer-facing function, not just a backend processThe shift from fragmented data to unified profiles across platforms and departments3. Best Practices for Effective CDMUnderstand evolving regulations like GDPR and CCPAPrioritize high-value data, not just volumeInvest in platforms with certified data security standardsClean and validate customer data regularly to reduce inaccuracyBreak down internal silos to unify data organization-wideBuild holistic customer profiles that integrate behavioral, transactional, and sentiment dataManage customer identity continuously from first interaction through the entire lifecycle4. The Business Case for CDMEnables personalization at scale while maintaining trustFuels better decision-making through clean, unified insightsCreates competitive advantage through security, transparency, and loyaltySupports compliance and reduces operational inefficienciesKey Takeaways:Data management is no longer optional—it's foundational to customer experience and business survivalCustomers expect hyper-personalization and security; companies must deliver bothCDM enables unified, real-time understanding that strengthens every customer interactionStrong data governance is a brand promise that drives retention, growth, and trustSubscribe to our podcast for expert insights on data security, digital transformation, and customer trust in the age of AI. Visit The Future of Commerce for the latest trends and research. Share this episode with data leaders, marketers, and business decision-makers invested in protecting and empowering the customer.

Aquí en CDMX y Valle de México se espera 31 grados  Entra en vigor acuerdo para que Mexicana sea desincorporada de Grupo Aeroportuario  Los rebeldes hutíes de Yemen atacan aeropuerto de Tel Aviv dejando seis heridos  Más información en nuestro podcast

The Industrial Water Solutions Conference in June is co-hosted by WateReuse and WEF. Anthony Zamora, Principal Environmental Engineer at CDM … More

ဒီတပတ် စနေသတင်းစကားဝိုင်းမှာ အာဏာသိမ်းစစ်တပ်ရဲ့ အဓိကတိုက်ခိုက်ရေးတပ်မ ၇၇ ရှုံးနိမ့်မှုအကြောင်း CDM ဗိုလ်မှူး စွယ်တော်နဲ့ ဆွေးနွေးသုံးသပ်ချက်ကို နားဆင်နိုင်ကြပါတယ်။

Episode #326: “Every country could face disaster, but every country also has plans to respond to those kind of like devastating events. But our country is not like others! We don't have the manpower, we don't have the techniques, we don't have the preparation and equipment. So usually, what we most rely on is volunteers and the unity of the whole country,” says Kyaw Kyaw. “But now this time, it is not happening, since all the volunteers and the technicians and the experts, they are in prison or in the other countries.”Kyaw Kyaw, a former military doctor and CDM defector, gives a chilling account of the destruction following the 7.7 magnitude earthquake that struck Myanmar. He estimates over 10,000 people may be dead in cities like Mandalay and Sagaing alone—far exceeding the junta's official figure of 1,700. Entire cities have been leveled, with survivors trapped under rubble for days. Many die slowly, their cries fading as rescue efforts falter due to a lack of proper tools, training, and manpower.With bodies decomposing under debris and in the streets, the cities themselves are becoming public health hazards. People are forced to live near the dead, and calls have shifted from rescuing the living to simply removing corpses. Yet the junta continues to block aid convoys, enforce curfews, and restrict information flow. Foreign journalists are barred from entering. International rescue teams were diverted to Naypyidaw, where military facilities were quickly cleaned and repaired—while areas most in need remain sealed off.Even as resistance groups offered a ceasefire and assistance, the military refused cooperation. Worse, it has reportedly continued airstrikes in earthquake-affected zones and even conscripted young people in the midst of the disaster.Kyaw Kyaw emphasizes that local volunteers are doing what they can, but without equipment or freedom to act, their impact is limited. He appeals for international help, but warns donors to be careful. Aid must go directly to those working on the ground—not through junta channels.Donate today to provide urgent relief for earthquake victims!

- လူထုဆန္ဒပြမှုတွေ ဖြစ်နေတဲ့ တူရကီမှာ အတိုက်အခံ မြို့တော်ဝန်ကို အဂတိလိုက်စားမှုနဲ့ ထိန်းသိမ်းလိုက် - ပြည်ပကို စေလွှတ်မယ့် အလုပ်သမားဦးရေကို စစ်ကောင်စီ ကန့်သတ် - မူးယစ်ဆေးတွေ သိမ်းဆည်းမိအပြီး ထိုင်းမြန်မာနယ်စပ် သောင်ရင်းမြစ်တစ်လျှောက် လှေဆိပ်တွေ ထိုင်းဘက်က ယာယီပိတ် - စားဝတ်နေရေး အခက်အခဲ ကြုံလာနေရတဲ့ ယင်းမာပင်ခရိုင်၊ အလောင်းတော် ကဿပ သစ်တောကြိုးဝိုင်းက CDM ဆင်ဦးစီးတွေနဲ့ ဆင်တွေရဲ့ အခြေအနေ - နာမကျန်းဖြစ်နေတဲ့ ပုပ်ရဟန်းမင်းကြီး ဖရန်စစ် ဆေးရုံက ဆင်းပြီ - ဂါဇာတောင်ပိုင်းနဲ့ မြောက်ပိုင်းမှာ ဟားမတ်စ်အဖွဲ့အပေါ် အစ္စရေးစစ်တပ် ထိုးစစ်ဆင် - အရပ်ဘက်ဝန်ဆောင်မှုလုပ်ငန်းတွေမှာ အသုံးစရိတ်ချွေတာမှုတွေ လုပ်မယ်လို့ ဗြိတိန်အစိုးရ အတည်ပြုပြော - အင်ဒိုနီးရှားအစိုးရကို ဝေဖန်တဲ့ မဂ္ဂဇင်းဌာန ရုံးခန်းဆီ ဝက်ခေါင်းပြတ်နဲ့ ကြွက်သေတွေ အပို့ခံခဲ့ရ

Au programme du Café des Sports ce vendredi 21 mars 2025 : - L'équipe de France s'est inclinée en Croatie (20/3) sur le score de 2 buts à 0 en 1/4 de finale de la Ligue des Nations ; - CDM 2026 : Aliou Cissé a fait ses grands débuts avec la Libye face à l'Angola hier soir ; - CDM 2026 : Le Sénégal affronte demain soir le Soudan à Benghazi, un choc entre le 2è et le 1er ; - En Amérique du Sud, le Brésil a battu sur le fil la Colombie 2 buts à 1. Et pour finir, nos cartons de la semaine. - L'équipe de France s'est inclinée en Croatie hier soir (20 mars 2025) sur le score de 2 buts à 0 dans le cadre du 1/4 de finale de la Ligue des Nations.Est-ce un accident pour les Bleus ? Le début de vrai(s) problème(s) ? - CDM 2026 : Aliou Cissé a fait ses grands débuts avec la Libye face à l'Angola hier soir. Score final, 1 but partout ?Une première encourageante pour l'ancien sélectionneur des Lions de la Téranga ? - CDM 2026 : Le Sénégal affronte demain soir le Soudan à Benghazi, un choc entre le 2è et le 1er. Un match dangereux pour les Sénégalais ? - En Amérique du Sud, le Brésil a battu sur le fil la Colombie 2 buts à 1, grâce à un but de Vinicius dans les dernières minutes du temps additionnel. Toujours dans le cadre des qualifications pour la Coupe du Monde 2026.Une Seleção convalescente ? - Et pour finir nos cartons en vidéo de la semaine délivrés par nos auditeurs et téléspectateurs, ainsi que les coups de cœur et les coups de griffes de nos consultants.Pour en débattre autour d'Éric Mamruth : Frédéric Suteau, Rémy Ngono, Xavier Barret et Yoro Mangara— Chef d'édition : Saliou Diouf — TCR et Vidéo : Laurent Salerno, Matthieu Degueldre, Yann Bourdelas, Souheil Khedir et Steven Helsly.

Au programme du Café des Sports ce vendredi 21 mars 2025 : - L'équipe de France s'est inclinée en Croatie (20/3) sur le score de 2 buts à 0 en 1/4 de finale de la Ligue des Nations ; - CDM 2026 : Aliou Cissé a fait ses grands débuts avec la Libye face à l'Angola hier soir ; - CDM 2026 : Le Sénégal affronte demain soir le Soudan à Benghazi, un choc entre le 2è et le 1er ; - En Amérique du Sud, le Brésil a battu sur le fil la Colombie 2 buts à 1. Et pour finir, nos cartons de la semaine. - L'équipe de France s'est inclinée en Croatie hier soir (20 mars 2025) sur le score de 2 buts à 0 dans le cadre du 1/4 de finale de la Ligue des Nations.Est-ce un accident pour les Bleus ? Le début de vrai(s) problème(s) ? - CDM 2026 : Aliou Cissé a fait ses grands débuts avec la Libye face à l'Angola hier soir. Score final, 1 but partout ?Une première encourageante pour l'ancien sélectionneur des Lions de la Téranga ? - CDM 2026 : Le Sénégal affronte demain soir le Soudan à Benghazi, un choc entre le 2è et le 1er. Un match dangereux pour les Sénégalais ? - En Amérique du Sud, le Brésil a battu sur le fil la Colombie 2 buts à 1, grâce à un but de Vinicius dans les dernières minutes du temps additionnel. Toujours dans le cadre des qualifications pour la Coupe du Monde 2026.Une Seleção convalescente ? - Et pour finir nos cartons en vidéo de la semaine délivrés par nos auditeurs et téléspectateurs, ainsi que les coups de cœur et les coups de griffes de nos consultants.Pour en débattre autour d'Éric Mamruth : Frédéric Suteau, Rémy Ngono, Xavier Barret et Yoro Mangara— Chef d'édition : Saliou Diouf — TCR et Vidéo : Laurent Salerno, Matthieu Degueldre, Yann Bourdelas, Souheil Khedir et Steven Helsly.

MAKE HISTORY WITH US THIS SUMMER:https://demystifysci.com/demysticon-2025PATREON https://www.patreon.com/c/demystifysciPARADIGM DRIFThttps://demystifysci.com/paradigm-drift-showPATREON: get episodes early + join our weekly Patron Chat https://bit.ly/3lcAasBMERCH: Rock some DemystifySci gear : https://demystifysci.myspreadshop.com/allAMAZON: Do your shopping through this link: https://amzn.to/3YyoT98SUBSTACK: https://substack.com/@UCqV4_7i9h1_V7hY48eZZSLw@demystifysciDr. Indranil Banik is a physicist at the University of Portsmouth who studies λCDM cosmology, the standard model of physics that tells us the Big Bang happened, that it happened something like 13.8 billion years ago, and that the modern universe is replete with undetectable cold dark matter (the CDM of the theory). Listeners of the show will know that there are compelling reasons to believe that these conclusions are based on questionable assumptions at the very heart of physics. This conversation, between a liquid sun proponent, a scientist who has spent his career studying the mainstream, and an appreciator of finely crafted theories, is an opportunity to lay these questionable assumptions on the table and to see how they hold up to scrutiny. Dr. Banik is also an invited speaker at our Beyond the Big Bang gathering in Portugal this summer, and has graciously agreed to serve as a counterbalance to those who say that the Big Bang Theory doesn't have much life left in it. National Astronomy Meeting parallel session and a special issue in Galaxies, both about the Hubble tension:https://darkmattercrisis.wordpress.com/2025/02/12/100-hubble-tension-parallel-session-at-the-national-astronomy-meeting-2025-and-special-issue-in-galaxies/00:00 Go! 00:04:27 Stellar Age & Lower Boundary for Universe00:07:14 Data Analysis in Cosmology00:10:08 Data Calibration and Processing00:13:08 Gaia Mission and Data Management00:16:21 Parallax and Distance Measurement00:22:49 Parallax v. Cosmic Distance Estimates00:24:48 Cepheid Variables & Supernovae as Distance Placeholders00:39:24 Assumptions in Data Processing and Redshift00:46:03 Cosmic Redshift and Expansion00:48:33 Measuring the Universe's Age00:51:06 Hubble Constant and Tension00:54:04 CMB and Model Predictions00:56:00 Angular Scales and CMB Analysis01:00:18 Acoustic Oscillations in the CMB01:05:03 Intrinsic CMB Fluctuations01:07:48 CMB Power Spectrum Insights01:09:34 Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) Standard Narrative01:13:47 Big Bang and Photon Origin01:18:18 Matter-Antimatter Annihilation and Implications01:22:00 CMB Contradicts Stars as Blackbodies01:30:02 LMH Structure and Phase States of Stars01:33:07 Tensions in Astrophysics Models01:38:25 Revisiting Scientific Assumptions01:46:52 Model Agreement and Constraints01:51:01 Modified Gravity Theories01:56:29 Dark Matter and Alternatives01:58:07 Gravitational Microlensing02:01:08 Galactic Cohesion Theories02:14:08 Hubble Tension Revisited02:19:41 Understanding Anomalies02:22:15 Reconsidering History#LiquidMetallicHydrogen, #astronomy, #cosmos, #stars, #astrophysics, #cosmology, #ElectricUniverse, #CosmicMicrowaveBackground, #UniverseOrigins, #philosophypodcast, #sciencepodcast, #longformpodcast AND our material science investigations of atomics, @MaterialAtomics https://www.youtube.com/@MaterialAtomicsJoin our mailing list https://bit.ly/3v3kz2S PODCAST INFO: Anastasia completed her PhD studying bioelectricity at Columbia University. When not talking to brilliant people or making movies, she spends her time painting, reading, and guiding backcountry excursions. Shilo also did his PhD at Columbia studying the elastic properties of molecular water. When he's not in the film studio, he's exploring sound in music. They are both freelance professors at various universities.

In this episode of 1st Talk Compliance, Kevin Chmura and BreAnn Meadows discuss the challenges healthcare providers face due to payers increasingly denying claims for supplies that are missing HCPCS codes. The issue stems from recent payer policy changes, with supplies that were previously chargeable now being rejected if they lack a corresponding HCPCS code. The conversation tackles the complexities providers face in managing their chargemaster (CDM), maintaining accurate HCPCS coding, and addressing claim denials, which can result in lost revenue. Tune in to equip yourself with actionable strategies to avoid claim denials, as Bre underscores the importance of adopting a strategic, focused approach to managing your CDM, adapting to evolving payer practices, and staying proactive in compliance efforts.

Send us a textTia Reid, CDM, CFPP, MHP is a former guest on our show! Check out her first appearance on episode 444 of Boundless Body Radio! As a Certified Health Coach Practitioner, Tia is passionate to guide others on their individual journeys to wellness. Tia specializes in helping clients focus on Low Carb, Healthy Fat Nutrition to heal their bodies, especially those that have Prediabetes, NAFLD, or battle with weight and carbohydrate and food addiction. Her goal is to encourage, guide and help clients sustain metabolic health by eating real whole foods while helping them with long lasting behavior change for sustainable weight management.Tia is enthusiastic to offer her clients LCHF nutrition, as a Nutrition Network Coach Practitioner accredited by the Society of Metabolic Practitioners, and as a Certified and Licensed SUGAR professional through Bitten Jonsson.She currently works on Dr. Tro's Medical Weight Loss Practice, which includes individualized medical care using evidence-based dietary approaches, an app-based community of support and a compassionate healthcare team who have themselves maintained massive weight-loss.Find Tia at-Dr. Tro's Medical Weight Loss PracticeIG- @carbaddiction_coachTW- @carbaddictioncoachLK- @Tia Reid, NNP, MHPFind Boundless Body at- myboundlessbody.com Book a session with us here!