Podcasts about MDN

Francois Daost is a W3C staff member and co-chair of the Web Developer Experience Community Group. We discuss the W3C's role and what it's like to go through the browser standardization process. Related links W3C TC39 Internet Engineering Task Force Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group (WHATWG) Horizontal Groups Alliance for Open Media What is MPEG-DASH? | HLS vs. DASH Information about W3C and Encrypted Media Extensions (EME) Widevine PlayReady Media Source API Encrypted Media Extensions API requestVideoFrameCallback() Business Benefits of the W3C Patent Policy web.dev Baseline Portable Network Graphics Specification Internet Explorer 6 CSS Vendor Prefix WebRTC Transcript You can help correct transcripts on GitHub. Intro [00:00:00] Jeremy: today I'm talking to Francois Daoust. He's a staff member at the W3C. And we're gonna talk about the W3C and the recommendation process and discuss, Francois's experience with, with how these features end up in our browsers. [00:00:16] Jeremy: So, Francois, welcome [00:00:18] Francois: Thank you Jeremy and uh, many thanks for the invitation. I'm really thrilled to be part of this podcast. What's the W3C? [00:00:26] Jeremy: I think many of our listeners will have heard about the W3C, but they may not actually know what it is. So could you start by explaining what it is? [00:00:37] Francois: Sure. So W3C stands for the Worldwide Web Consortium. It's a standardization organization. I guess that's how people should think about W3C. it was created in 1994. I, by, uh, Tim Berners Lee, who was the inventor of the web. Tim Berners Lee was the, director of W3C for a long, long time. [00:01:00] Francois: He retired not long ago, a few years back. and W3C is, has, uh, a number of, uh. Properties, let's say first the goal is to produce royalty free standards, and that's very important. Uh, we want to make sure that, uh, the standard that get produced can be used and implemented without having to pay, fees to anyone. [00:01:23] Francois: We do web standards. I didn't mention it, but it's from the name. Standards that you find in your web browsers. But not only that, there are a number of other, uh, standards that got developed at W3C including, for example, XML. Data related standards. W3C as an organization is a consortium. [00:01:43] Francois: The, the C stands for consortium. Legally speaking, it's a, it's a 501c3 meaning in, so it's a US based, uh, legal entity not for profit. And the, the little three is important because it means it's public interest. That means we are a consortium, that means we have members, but at the same time, the goal, the mission is to the public. [00:02:05] Francois: So we're not only just, you know, doing what our members want. We are also making sure that what our members want is aligned with what end users in the end, need. and the W3C has a small team. And so I'm part of this, uh, of this team worldwide. Uh, 45 to 55 people, depending on how you count, mostly technical people and some, uh, admin, uh, as well, overseeing the, uh, the work, that we do, uh, at the W3C. Funding through membership fees [00:02:39] Jeremy: So you mentioned there's 45 to 55 people. How is this funded? Is this from governments or commercial companies? [00:02:47] Francois: The main source comes from membership fees. So the W3C has a, so members, uh, roughly 350 members, uh, at the W3C. And, in order to become a member, an organization needs to pay, uh, an annual membership fee. That's pretty common among, uh, standardization, uh, organizations. [00:03:07] Francois: And, we only have, uh, I guess three levels of membership, fees. Uh, well, you may find, uh, additional small levels, but three main ones. the goal is to make sure that, A big player will, not a big player or large company, will not have more rights than, uh, anything, anyone else. So we try to make sure that a member has the, you know, all members have equal, right? [00:03:30] Francois: if it's not perfect, but, uh, uh, that's how things are, are are set. So that's the main source of income for the W3C. And then we try to diversify just a little bit to get, uh, for example, we go to governments. We may go to governments in the u EU. We may, uh, take some, uh, grant for EU research projects that allow us, you know, to, study, explore topics. [00:03:54] Francois: Uh, in the US there, there used to be some, uh, some funding from coming from the government as well. So that, that's, uh, also, uh, a source. But the main one is, uh, membership fees. Relations to TC39, IETF, and WHATWG [00:04:04] Jeremy: And you mentioned that a lot of the W3C'S work is related to web standards. There's other groups like TC 39, which works on the JavaScript spec and the IETF, which I believe worked, with your group on WebRTC, I wonder if you could explain W3C'S connection to other groups like that. [00:04:28] Francois: sure. we try to collaborate with a, a number of, uh, standard other standardization organizations. So in general, everything goes well because you, you have, a clear separation of concerns. So you mentioned TC 39. Indeed. they are the ones who standardize, JavaScript. Proper name of JavaScript is the EcmaScript. [00:04:47] Francois: So that's tc. TC 39 is the technical committee at ecma. and so we have indeed interactions with them because their work directly impact the JavaScript that you're going to find in your, uh, run in your, in your web browser. And we develop a number of JavaScript APIs, uh, actually in W3C. [00:05:05] Francois: So we need to make sure that, the way we develop, uh, you know, these APIs align with the, the language itself. with IETF, the, the, the boundary is, uh, uh, is clear as well. It's a protocol and protocol for our network protocols for our, the IETF and application level. For W3C, that's usually how the distinction is made. [00:05:28] Francois: The boundaries are always a bit fuzzy, but that's how things work. And usually, uh, things work pretty well. Uh, there's also the WHATWG, uh, and the WHATWG is more the, the, the history was more complicated because, uh, t of a fork of the, uh, HTML specification, uh, at the time when it was developed by W3C, a long time ago. [00:05:49] Francois: And there was been some, uh, Well disagreement on the way things should have been done, and the WHATWG took over got created, took, took this the HTML spec and did it a different way. Went in another, another direction, and that other, other direction actually ended up being the direction. [00:06:06] Francois: So, that's a success, uh, from there. And so, W3C no longer works, no longer owns the, uh, HTML spec and the WHATWG has, uh, taken, uh, taken up a number of, uh, of different, core specifications for the web. Uh, doing a lot of work on the, uh, on interopoerability and making sure that, uh, the algorithm specified by the spec, were correct, which, which was something that historically we haven't been very good at at W3C. [00:06:35] Francois: And the way they've been working as a, has a lot of influence on the way we develop now, uh, the APIs, uh, from a W3C perspective. [00:06:44] Jeremy: So, just to make sure I understand correctly, you have TC 39, which is focused on the JavaScript or ECMAScript language itself, and you have APIs that are going to use JavaScript and interact with JavaScript. So you need to coordinate there. The, the have the specification for HTML. then the IATF, they are, I'm not sure if the right term would be, they, they would be one level lower perhaps, than the W3C. [00:07:17] Francois: That's how you, you can formulate it. Yes. The, the one layer, one layer layer in the ISO network in the ISO stack at the network level. How WebRTC spans the IETF and W3C [00:07:30] Jeremy: And so in that case, one place I've heard it mentioned is that webRTC, to, to use it, there is an IETF specification, and then perhaps there's a W3C recommendation and [00:07:43] Francois: Yes. so when we created the webRTC working group, that was in 2011, I think, it was created with a dual head. There was one RTC web, group that got created at IETF and a webRTC group that got created at W3C. And that was done on purpose. Of course, the goal was not to compete on the, on the solution, but actually to, have the two sides of the, uh, solution, be developed in parallel, the API, uh, the application front and the network front. [00:08:15] Francois: And there was a, and there's still a lot of overlap in, uh, participation between both groups, and that's what keep things successful. In the end. It's not, uh, you know, process or organization to organization, uh, relationships, coordination at the organization level. It's really the fact that you have participants that are essentially the same, on both sides of the equation. [00:08:36] Francois: That helps, uh, move things forward. Now, webRTC is, uh, is more complex than just one group at IETF. I mean, web, webRTC is a very complex set of, uh, of technologies, stack of technologies. So when you, when you. Pull a little, uh, protocol from IETFs. Suddenly you have the whole IETF that comes with you with it. [00:08:56] Francois: So you, it's the, you have the feeling that webRTC needs all of the, uh, internet protocols that got, uh, created to work Recommendations [00:09:04] Jeremy: And I think probably a lot of web developers, they may hear words like specification or standard, but I believe the, the official term, at least at the W3C, is this recommendation. And so I wonder if you can explain what that means. [00:09:24] Francois: Well. It means it means standard in the end. and that came from industry. That comes from a time where. As many standardization organizations. W3C was created not to be a standardization organization. It was felt that standard was not the right term because we were not a standardization organization. [00:09:45] Francois: So recommend IETF has the same thing. They call it RFC, request for comment, which, you know, stands for nothing in, and yet it's a standard. So W3C was created with the same kind of, uh thing. We needed some other terminology and we call that recommendation. But in the end, that's standard. It's really, uh, how you should see it. [00:10:08] Francois: And one thing I didn't mention when I, uh, introduced the W3C is there are two types of standards in the end, two main categories. There are, the de jure standards and defacto standards, two families. The de jure standards are the ones that are imposed by some kind of regulation. so it's really usually a standard you see imposed by governments, for example. [00:10:29] Francois: So when you look at your electric plug at home, there's some regulation there that says, this plug needs to have these properties. And that's a standard that gets imposed. It's a de jure standard. and then there are defacto standards which are really, uh, specifications that are out there and people agree to use it to implement it. [00:10:49] Francois: And by virtue of being used and implemented and used by everyone, they become standards. the, W3C really is in the, uh, second part. It's a defacto standard. IETF is the same thing. some of our standards are used in, uh, are referenced in regulations now, but, just a, a minority of them, most of them are defacto standards. [00:11:10] Francois: and that's important because that's in the end, it doesn't matter what the specific specification says, even though it's a bit confusing. What matters is that the, what the specifications says matches what implementations actually implement, and that these implementations are used, and are used interoperably across, you know, across browsers, for example, or across, uh, implementations, across users, across usages. [00:11:36] Francois: So, uh, standardization is a, is a lengthy process. The recommendation is the final stage in that, lengthy process. More and more we don't really reach recommendation anymore. If you look at, uh, at groups, uh, because we have another path, let's say we kind of, uh, we can stop at candidate recommendation, which is in theoretically a step before that. [00:12:02] Francois: But then you, you can stay there and, uh, stay there forever and publish new candidate recommendations. Um, uh, later on. What matters again is that, you know, you get this, virtuous feedback loop, uh, with implementers, and usage. [00:12:18] Jeremy: So if the candidate recommendation ends up being implemented by all the browsers, what's ends up being the distinction between a candidate and one that's a normal recommendation. [00:12:31] Francois: So, today it's mostly a process thing. Some groups actually decide to go to rec Some groups decide to stay at candidate rec and there's no formal difference between the, the two. we've made sure we've adopted, adjusted the process so that the important bits that, applied at the recommendation level now apply at the candidate rec level. Royalty free patent access [00:13:00] Francois: And by important things, I mean the patent commitments typically, uh, the patent policy fully applies at the candidate recommendation level so that you get your, protection, the royalty free patent protection that we, we were aiming at. [00:13:14] Francois: Some people do not care, you know, but most of the world still works with, uh, with patents, uh, for good, uh, or bad reasons. But, uh, uh, that's how things work. So we need to make, we're trying to make sure that we, we secure the right set of, um, of patent commitments from the right set of stakeholders. [00:13:35] Jeremy: Oh, so when someone implements a W3C recommendation or a candidate recommendation, the patent holders related to that recommendation, they basically agree to allow royalty-free use of that patent. [00:13:54] Francois: They do the one that were involved in the working group, of course, I mean, we can't say anything about the companies out there that may have patents and uh, are not part of this standardization process. So there's always, It's a remaining risk. but part of the goal when we create a working group is to make sure that, people understand the scope. [00:14:17] Francois: Lawyers look into it, and the, the legal teams that exist at the all the large companies, basically gave a green light saying, yeah, we, we we're pretty confident that we, we know where the patterns are on this particular, this particular area. And we are fine also, uh, letting go of the, the patterns we own ourselves. Implementations are built in parallel with standardization [00:14:39] Jeremy: And I think you had mentioned. What ends up being the most important is that the browser creators implement these recommendations. So it sounds like maybe the distinction between candidate recommendation and recommendation almost doesn't matter as long as you get the end result you want. [00:15:03] Francois: So, I mean, people will have different opinions, uh, in the, in standardization circles. And I mentioned also W3C is working on other kind of, uh, standards. So, uh, in some other areas, the nuance may be more important when we, but when, when you look at specification, that's target, web browsers. we've switched from a model where, specs were developed first and then implemented to a model where specs and implementing implementations are being, worked in parallel. [00:15:35] Francois: This actually relates to the evolution I was mentioning with the WHATWG taking over the HTML and, uh, focusing on the interoperability issues because the starting point was, yeah, we have an HTML 4.01 spec, uh, but it's not interoperable because it, it's not specified, are number of areas that are gray areas, you can implement them differently. [00:15:59] Francois: And so there are interoperable issues. Back to candidate rec actually, the, the, the, the stage was created, if I remember correctly. uh, if I'm, if I'm not wrong, the stage was created following the, uh, IE problem. In the CSS working group, IE6, uh, shipped with some, version of a CSS that was in the, as specified, you know, the spec was saying, you know, do that for the CSS box model. [00:16:27] Francois: And the IE6 was following that. And then the group decided to change, the box model and suddenly IE6 was no longer compliant. And that created a, a huge mess on the, in the history of, uh, of the web in a way. And so the, we, the, the, the, the candidate recommendation sta uh, stage was introduced following that to try to catch this kind of problems. [00:16:52] Francois: But nowadays, again, we, we switch to another model where it's more live. and so we, you, you'll find a number of specs that are not even at candidate rec level. They are at the, what we call a working draft, and they, they are being implemented, and if all goes well, the standardization process follows the implementation, and then you end up in a situation where you have your candidate rec when the, uh, spec ships. [00:17:18] Francois: a recent example would be a web GPU, for example. It, uh, it has shipped in, uh, in, in Chrome shortly before it transition to a candidate rec. But the, the, the spec was already stable. and now it's shipping uh, in, uh, in different browsers, uh, uh, safari, uh, and uh, and uh, and uh, Firefox. And so that's, uh, and that's a good example of something that follows, uh, things, uh, along pretty well. But then you have other specs such as, uh, in the media space, uh, request video frame back, uh, frame, call back, uh, requestVideoFrameCallback() is a short API that allows you to get, you know, a call back whenever the, the browser renders a video frame, essentially. [00:18:01] Francois: And that spec is implemented across browsers. But from a W3C specific, perspective, it does not even exist. It's not on the standardization track. It's still being incubated in what we call a community group, which is, you know, some something that, uh, usually exists before. we move to the, the standardization process. [00:18:21] Francois: So there, there are examples of things where some things fell through the cracks. All the standardization process, uh, is either too early or too late and things that are in spec are not exactly what what got implemented or implementations are too early in the process. We we're doing a better job, at, Not falling into a trap where someone ships, uh, you know, an implementation and then suddenly everything is frozen. You can no longer, change it because it's too late, it shipped. we've tried, different, path there. Um, mentioned CSS, the, there was this kind of vendor prefixed, uh, properties that used to be, uh, the way, uh, browsers were deploying new features without, you know, taking the final name. [00:19:06] Francois: We are trying also to move away from it because same thing. Then in the end, you end up with, uh, applications that have, uh, to duplicate all the properties, the CSS properties in the style sheets with, uh, the vendor prefixes and nuances in the, in what it does in, in the end. [00:19:23] Jeremy: Yeah, I, I think, is that in CSS where you'll see --mozilla or things like that? Why requestVideoFrameCallback doesn't have a formal specification [00:19:30] Jeremy: The example of the request video frame callback. I, I wonder if you have an opinion or, or, or know why that ended up the way it did, where the browsers all implemented it, even though it was still in the incubation stage. [00:19:49] Francois: On this one, I don't have a particular, uh, insights on whether there was a, you know, a strong reason to implement it,without doing the standardization work. [00:19:58] Francois: I mean, there are, it's not, uh, an IPR (Intellectual Property Rights) issue. It's not, uh, something that, uh, I don't think the, the, the spec triggers, uh, you know, problems that, uh, would be controversial or whatever. [00:20:10] Francois: Uh, so it's just a matter of, uh, there was no one's priority, and in the end, you end up with a, everyone's happy. it's, it has shipped. And so now doing the spec work is a bit,why spend time on something that's already shipped and so on, but the, it may still come back at some point with try to, you know, improve the situation. [00:20:26] Jeremy: Yeah, that's, that's interesting. It's a little counterintuitive because it sounds like you have the, the working group and it, it sounds like perhaps the companies or organizations involved, they maybe agreed on how it should work, and maybe that agreement almost made it so that they felt like they didn't need to move forward with the specification because they came to consensus even before going through that. [00:20:53] Francois: In this particular case, it's probably because it's really, again, it's a small, spec. It's just one function call, you know? I mean, they will definitely want a working group, uh, for larger specifications. by the way, actually now I know re request video frame call back. It's because the, the, the final goal now that it's, uh, shipped, is to merge it into, uh, HTML, uh, the HTML spec. [00:21:17] Francois: So there's a, there's an ongoing issue on the, the WHATWG side to integrate request video frame callback. And it's taking some time but see, it's, it's being, it, it caught up and, uh, someone is doing the, the work to, to do it. I had forgotten about this one. Um, [00:21:33] Jeremy: Tension from specification review (horizontal review) [00:21:33] Francois: so with larger specifications, organizations will want this kind of IPR regime they will want commit commitments from, uh, others, on the scope, on the process, on everything. So they will want, uh, a larger, a, a more formal setting, because that's part of how you ensure that things, uh, will get done properly. [00:21:53] Francois: I didn't mention it, but, uh, something we're really, uh, Pushy on, uh, W3C I mentioned we have principles, we have priorities, and we have, uh, specific several, uh, properties at W3C. And one of them is that we we're very strong on horizontal reviews of our specs. We really want them to be reviewed from an accessibility perspective, from an internationalization perspective, from a privacy and security, uh, perspective, and, and, and a technical architecture perspective as well. [00:22:23] Francois: And that's, these reviews are part of the formal process. So you, all specs need to undergo these reviews. And from time to time, that creates tension. Uh, from time to time. It just works, you know. Goes without problem. a recurring issue is that, privacy and security are hard. I mean, it's not an easy problem, something that can be, uh, solved, uh, easily. [00:22:48] Francois: Uh, so there's a, an ongoing tension and no easy way to resolve it, but there's an ongoing tension between, specifying powerful APIs and preserving privacy without meaning, not exposing too much information to applications in the media space. You can think of the media capabilities, API. So the media space is a complicated space. [00:23:13] Francois: Space because of codecs. codecs are typically not relative free. and so browsers decide which codecs they're going to support, which audio and video codecs they, they're going to support and doing that, that creates additional fragmentation, not in the sense that they're not interoperable, but in the sense that applications need to choose which connect they're going to ship to stream to the end user. [00:23:39] Francois: And, uh, it's all the more complicated that some codecs are going to be hardware supported. So you will have a hardware decoder in your, in your, in your laptop or smartphone. And so that's going to be efficient to decode some, uh, some stream, whereas some code are not, are going to be software, based, supported. [00:23:56] Francois: Uh, and that may consume a lot of CPU and a lot of power and a lot of energy in the end. So you, you want to avoid that if you can, uh, select another thing. Even more complex than, codecs have different profiles, uh, lower end profiles higher end profiles with different capabilities, different features, uh, depending on whether you're going to use this or that color space, for example, this or that resolution, whatever. [00:24:22] Francois: And so you want to surface that to web applications because otherwise, they can't. Select, they can't choose, the right codec and the right, stream that they're going to send to the, uh, client devices. And so they're not going to provide an efficient user experience first, and even a sustainable one in terms of energy because they, they're going to waste energy if they don't send the right stream. [00:24:45] Francois: So you want to surface that to application. That's what the media, media capabilities, APIs, provides. Privacy concerns [00:24:51] Francois: Uh, but at the same time, if you expose that information, you end up with ways to fingerprint the end user's device. And that in turn is often used to track users across, across sites, which is exactly what we don't want to have, uh, for privacy reasons, for obvious privacy reasons. [00:25:09] Francois: So you have to balance that and find ways to, uh, you know, to expose. Capabilities without, without necessarily exposing them too much. Uh, [00:25:21] Jeremy: Can you give an example of how some of those discussions went? Like within the working group? Who are the companies or who are the organizations that are arguing for We shouldn't have this capability because of the privacy concerns, or [00:25:40] Francois: In a way all of the companies, have a vision of, uh, of privacy. I mean, the, you will have a hard time finding, you know, members saying, I don't care about privacy. I just want the feature. Uh, they all have privacy in mind, but they may have a different approach to privacy. [00:25:57] Francois: so if you take, uh, let's say, uh, apple and Google would be the, the, I guess the perfect examples in that, uh, in that space, uh, Google will have a, an approach that is more open-ended thing. The, the user agents has this, uh, should check what the, the, uh, given site is doing. And then if it goes beyond, you know, some kind of threshold, they're going to say, well, okay, well, we'll stop exposing data to that, to that, uh, to that site. [00:26:25] Francois: So that application. So monitor and react in a way. apple has a more, uh, you know, has a stricter view on, uh, on privacy, let's say. And they will say, no, we, the, the, the feature must not exist in the first place. Or, but that's, I mean, I guess, um, it's not always that extreme. And, uh, from time to time it's the opposite. [00:26:45] Francois: You will have, uh, you know, apple arguing in one way, uh, which is more open-ended than the, uh, than, uh, than Google, for example. And they are not the only ones. So in working groups, uh, you will find the, usually the implementers. Uh, so when we talk about APIs that get implemented in browsers, you want the core browsers to be involved. [00:27:04] Francois: Uh, otherwise it's usually not a good sign for, uh, the success of the, uh, of the technology. So in practice, that means Apple, uh, Microsoft, Mozilla which one did I forget? [00:27:15] Jeremy: Google. [00:27:16] Francois: I forgot Google. Of course. Thank you. that's, uh, that the, the core, uh, list of participants you want to have in any, uh, group that develops web standards targeted at web browsers. Who participates in working groups and how much power do they have? [00:27:28] Francois: And then on top of that, you want, organizations and people who are directly going to use it, either because they, well the content providers. So in media, for example, if you look at the media working group, you'll see, uh, so browser vendors, the ones I mentioned, uh, content providers such as the BBC or Netflix. [00:27:46] Francois: Chip set vendors would, uh, would be there as well. Intel, uh, Nvidia again, because you know, there's a hardware decoding in there and encoding. So media is, touches on, on, uh, on hardware, uh, device manufacturer in general. You may, uh, I think, uh, I think Sony is involved in the, in the media working group, for example. [00:28:04] Francois: and these companies are usually less active in the spec development. It depends on the groups, but they're usually less active because the ones developing the specs are usually the browser again, because as I mentioned, we develop the specs in parallel to browsers implementing it. So they have the. [00:28:21] Francois: The feedback on how to formulate the, the algorithms. and so that's this collection of people who are going to discuss first within themselves. W3C pushes for consensual dis decisions. So we hardly take any votes in the working groups, but from time to time, that's not enough. [00:28:41] Francois: And there may be disagreements, but let's say there's agreement in the group, uh, when the spec matches. horizontal review groups will look at the specs. So these are groups I mentioned, accessibility one, uh, privacy, internationalization. And these groups, usually the participants are, it depends. [00:29:00] Francois: It can be anything. It can be, uh, the same companies. It can be, but usually different people from the same companies. But it the, maybe organizations with a that come from very, a very different angle. And that's a good thing because that means the, you know, you enlarge the, the perspectives on your, uh, on the, on the technology. [00:29:19] Francois: and you, that's when you have a discussion between groups, that takes place. And from time to time it goes well from time to time. Again, it can trigger issues that are hard to solve. and the W3C has a, an escalation process in case, uh, you know, in case things degenerate. Uh, starting with, uh, the notion of formal objection. [00:29:42] Jeremy: It makes sense that you would have the, the browser. Vendors and you have all the different companies that would use that browser. All the different horizontal groups like you mentioned, the internationalization, accessibility. I would imagine that you were talking about consensus and there are certain groups or certain companies that maybe have more say or more sway. [00:30:09] Jeremy: For example, if you're a browser, manufacturer, your Google. I'm kind of curious how that works out within the working group. [00:30:15] Francois: Yes, it's, I guess I would be lying if I were saying that, uh, you know, all companies are strictly equal in a, in a, in a group. they are from a process perspective, I mentioned, you know, different membership fees with were design, special specific ethos so that no one could say, I'm, I'm putting in a lot of money, so you, you need to re you need to respect me, uh, and you need to follow what I, what I want to, what I want to do. [00:30:41] Francois: at the same time, if you take a company like, uh, like Google for example, they send, hundreds of engineers to do standardization work. That's absolutely fantastic because that means work progresses and it's, uh, extremely smart people. So that's, uh, that's really a pleasure to work with, uh, with these, uh, people. [00:30:58] Francois: But you need to take a step back and say, well, the problem is. Defacto that gives them more power just by virtue of, uh, injecting more resources into it. So having always someone who can respond to an issue, having always someone, uh, editing a spec defacto that give them more, uh, um, more say on the, on the directions that, get forward. [00:31:22] Francois: And on top of that, of course, they have the, uh, I guess not surprisingly, the, the browser that is, uh, used the most, currently, on the market so there's a little bit of a, the, the, we, we, we, we try very hard to make sure that, uh, things are balanced. it's not a perfect world. [00:31:38] Francois: the the role of the team. I mean, I didn't talk about the role of the team, but part of it is to make sure that. Again, all perspectives are represented and that there's not, such a, such big imbalance that, uh, that something is wrong and that we really need to look into it. so making sure that anyone, if they have something to say, make making sure that they are heard by the rest of the group and not dismissed. [00:32:05] Francois: That usually goes well. There's no problem with that. And again, the escalation process I mentioned here doesn't make any, uh, it doesn't make any difference between, uh, a small player, a large player, a big player, and we have small companies raising formal objections against some of our aspects that happens, uh, all large ones. [00:32:24] Francois: But, uh, that happens too. There's no magical solution, I guess you can tell it by the way. I, uh, I don't know how to formulate the, the process more. It's a human process, and that's very important that it remains a human process as well. [00:32:41] Jeremy: I suppose the role of, of staff and someone in your position, for example, is to try and ensure that these different groups are, are heard and it isn't just one group taking control of it. [00:32:55] Francois: That's part of the role, again, is to make sure that, uh, the, the process is followed. So the, I, I mean, I don't want to give the impression that the process controls everything in the groups. I mean, the, the, the groups are bound by the process, but the process is there to catch problems when they arise. [00:33:14] Francois: most of the time there are no problems. It's just, you know, again, participants talking to each other, talking with the rest of the community. Most of the work happens in public nowadays, in any case. So the groups work in public essentially through asynchronous, uh, discussions on GitHub repositories. [00:33:32] Francois: There are contributions from, you know, non group participants and everything goes well. And so the process doesn't kick in. You just never say, eh, no, you didn't respect the process there. You, you closed the issue. You shouldn't have a, it's pretty rare that you have to do that. Uh, things just proceed naturally because they all, everyone understands where they are, why, what they're doing, and why they're doing it. [00:33:55] Francois: we still have a role, I guess in the, in the sense that from time to time that doesn't work and you have to intervene and you have to make sure that,the, uh, exception is caught and, uh, and processed, uh, in the right way. Discussions are public on github [00:34:10] Jeremy: And you said this process is asynchronous in public, so it sounds like someone, I, I mean, is this in GitHub issues or how, how would somebody go and, and see what the results of [00:34:22] Francois: Yes, there, there are basically a gazillion of, uh, GitHub repositories under the, uh, W3C, uh, organization on GitHub. Most groups are using GitHub. I mean, there's no, it's not mandatory. We don't manage any, uh, any tooling. But the factors that most, we, we've been transitioning to GitHub, uh, for a number of years already. [00:34:45] Francois: Uh, so that's where the work most of the work happens, through issues, through pool requests. Uh, that's where. people can go and raise issues against specifications. Uh, we usually, uh, also some from time to time get feedback from developers and countering, uh, a bug in a particular implementations, which we try to gently redirect to, uh, the actual bug trackers because we're not responsible for the respons implementations of the specs unless the spec is not clear. [00:35:14] Francois: We are responsible for the spec itself, making sure that the spec is clear and that implementers well, understand how they should implement something. Why the W3C doesn't specify a video or audio codec [00:35:25] Jeremy: I can see how people would make that mistake because they, they see it's the feature, but that's not the responsibility of the, the W3C to implement any of the specifications. Something you had mentioned there's the issue of intellectual property rights and how when you have a recommendation, you require the different organizations involved to make their patents available to use freely. [00:35:54] Jeremy: I wonder why there was never any kind of, recommendation for audio or video codecs in browsers since you have certain ones that are considered royalty free. But, I believe that's never been specified. [00:36:11] Francois: At W3C you mean? Yes. we, we've tried, I mean, it's not for lack of trying. Um, uh, we've had a number of discussions with, uh, various stakeholders saying, Hey, we, we really need, an audio or video code for our, for the web. the, uh, png PNG is an example of a, um, an image format which got standardized at W3C and it got standardized at W3C similar reasons. There had to be a royalty free image format for the web, and there was none at the time. of course, nowadays, uh, jpeg, uh, and gif or gif, whatever you call it, are well, you know, no problem with them. But, uh, um, that at the time P PNG was really, uh, meant to address this issue and it worked for PNG for audio and video. [00:37:01] Francois: We haven't managed to secure, commitments by stakeholders. So willingness to do it, so it's not, it's not lack of willingness. We would've loved to, uh, get, uh, a royalty free, uh, audio codec, a royalty free video codec again, audio and video code are extremely complicated because of this. [00:37:20] Francois: not only because of patterns, but also because of the entire business ecosystem that exists around them for good reasons. You, in order for a, a codec to be supported, deployed, effective, it really needs, uh, it needs to mature a lot. It needs to, be, uh, added to at a hardware level, to a number of devices, capturing devices, but also, um, uh, uh, of course players. [00:37:46] Francois: And that takes a hell of a lot of time and that's why you also enter a number of business considerations with business contracts between entities. so I'm personally, on a personal level, I'm, I'm pleased to see, for example, the Alliance for Open Media working on, uh, uh, AV1, uh, which is. At least they, uh, they wanted to be royalty free and they've been adopting actually the W3C patent policy to do this work. [00:38:11] Francois: So, uh, we're pleased to see that, you know, they've been adopting the same process and same thing. AV1 is not yet at the same, support stage, as other, codecs, in the world Yeah, I mean in devices. There's an open question as what, what are we going to do, uh, in the future uh, with that, it's, it's, it's doubtful that, uh, the W3C will be able to work on a, on a royalty free audio, codec or royalty free video codec itself because, uh, probably it's too late now in any case. [00:38:43] Francois: but It's one of these angles in the, in the web platform where we wish we had the, uh, the technology available for, for free. And, uh, it's not exactly, uh, how things work in practice.I mean, the way codecs are developed remains really patent oriented. [00:38:57] Francois: and you will find more codecs being developed. and that's where geopolitics can even enter the, the, uh, the play. Because, uh, if you go to China, you will find new codecs emerging, uh, that get developed within China also, because, the other codecs come mostly from the US so it's a bit of a problem and so on. [00:39:17] Francois: I'm not going to enter details and uh, I would probably say stupid things in any case. Uh, but that, uh, so we continue to see, uh, emerging codecs that are not royalty free, and it's probably going to remain the case for a number of years. unfortunately, unfortunately, from a W3C perspective and my perspective of course. [00:39:38] Jeremy: There's always these new, formats coming out and the, rate at which they get supported in the browser, even on a per browser basis is, is very, there can be a long time between, for example, WebP being released and a browser supporting it. So, seems like maybe we're gonna be in that situation for a while where the codecs will come out and maybe the browsers will support them. Maybe they won't, but the, the timeline is very uncertain. Digital Rights Management (DRM) and Media Source Extensions [00:40:08] Jeremy: Something you had, mentioned, maybe this was in your, email to me earlier, but you had mentioned that some of these specifications, there's, there's business considerations like with, digital rights management and, media source extensions. I wonder if you could talk a little bit about maybe what media source extensions is and encrypted media extensions and, and what the, the considerations or challenges are there. [00:40:33] Francois: I'm going to go very, very quickly over the history of a, video and audio support on the web. Initially it was supported through plugins. you are maybe too young to, remember that. But, uh, we had extensions, added to, uh, a realplayer. [00:40:46] Francois: This kind of things flash as well, uh, supporting, uh, uh, videos, in web pages, but it was not provided by the web browsers themselves. Uh, then HTML5 changed the, the situation. Adding these new tags, audio and video, but that these tags on this, by default, support, uh, you give them a resources, a resource, like an image as it's an audio or a video file. [00:41:10] Francois: They're going to download this, uh, uh, video file or audio file, and they're going to play it. That works well. But as soon as you want to do any kind of real streaming, files are too large and to stream, to, to get, you know, to get just a single fetch on, uh, on them. So you really want to stream them chunk by chunk, and you want to adapt the resolution at which you send the stream based on real time conditions of the user's network. [00:41:37] Francois: If there's plenty of bandwidth you want to send the user, the highest possible resolution. If there's a, some kind of hiccup temporary in the, in the network, you really want to lower the resolution, and that's called adaptive streaming. And to get adaptive streaming on the web, well, there are a number of protocols that exist. [00:41:54] Francois: Same thing. Some many of them are proprietary and actually they remain proprietary, uh, to some extent. and, uh, some of them are over http and they are the ones that are primarily used in, uh, in web contexts. So DASH comes to mind, DASH for Dynamic Adaptive streaming over http. HLS is another one. Uh, initially developed by Apple, I believe, and it's, uh, HTTP live streaming probably. Exactly. And, so there are different protocols that you can, uh, you can use. Uh, so the goal was not to standardize these protocols because again, there were some proprietary aspects to them. And, uh, same thing as with codecs. [00:42:32] Francois: There was no, well, at least people wanted to have the, uh, flexibility to tweak parameters, adaptive streaming parameters the way they wanted for different scenarios. You may want to tweak the parameters differently. So they, they needed to be more flexibility on top of protocols not being truly available for use directly and for implementation directly in browsers. [00:42:53] Francois: It was also about providing applications with, uh, the flexibility they would need to tweak parameters. So media source extensions comes into play for exactly that. Media source extensions is really about you. The application fetches chunks of its audio and video stream the way it wants, and with the parameters it wants, and it adjusts whatever it wants. [00:43:15] Francois: And then it feeds that into the, uh, video or audio tag. and the browser takes care of the rest. So it's really about, doing, you know, the adaptive streaming. let applications do it, and then, uh, let the user agent, uh, the browser takes, take care of the rendering itself. That's media source extensions. [00:43:32] Francois: Initially it was pushed by, uh, Netflix. They were not the only ones of course, but there, there was a, a ma, a major, uh, proponent of this, uh, technical solution, because they wanted, uh, they, uh, they were, expanding all over the world, uh, with, uh, plenty of native, applications on all sorts of, uh, of, uh, devices. [00:43:52] Francois: And they wanted to have a way to stream content on the web as well. both for both, I guess, to expand to, um, a new, um, ecosystem, the web, uh, providing new opportunities, let's say. But at the same time also to have a fallback, in case they, because for native support on different platforms, they sometimes had to enter business agreements with, uh, you know, the hardware manufacturers, the whatever, the, uh, service provider or whatever. [00:44:19] Francois: and so that was a way to have a full back. That kind of work is more open, in case, uh, things take some time and so on. So, and they probably had other reasons. I mean, I'm not, I can't speak on behalf of Netflix, uh, on others, but they were not the only ones of course, uh, supporting this, uh, me, uh, media source extension, uh, uh, specification. [00:44:42] Francois: and that went kind of, well, I think it was creating 2011. I mean, the, the work started in 2011 and the recommendation was published in 2016, which is not too bad from a standardization perspective. It means only five years, you know, it's a very short amount of time. Encrypted Media Extensions [00:44:59] Francois: At the same time, and in parallel and complement to the media source extension specifications, uh, there was work on the encrypted media extensions, and here it was pushed by the same proponent in a way because they wanted to get premium content on the web. [00:45:14] Francois: And by premium content, you think of movies and, uh. These kind of beasts. And the problem with the, I guess the basic issue with, uh, digital asset such as movies, is that they cost hundreds of millions to produce. I mean, some cost less of course. And yet it's super easy to copy them if you have a access to the digital, uh, file. [00:45:35] Francois: You just copy and, uh, and that's it. Piracy uh, is super easy, uh, to achieve. It's illegal of course, but it's super easy to do. And so that's where the different legislations come into play with digital right management. Then the fact is most countries allow system that, can encrypt content and, uh, through what we call DRM systems. [00:45:59] Francois: so content providers, uh, the, the ones that have movies, so the studios here more, more and more, and Netflix is one, uh, one of the studios nowadays. Um, but not only, not only them all major studios will, uh, would, uh, push for, wanted to have something that would allow them to stream encrypted content, encrypted audio and video, uh, mostly video, to, uh, to web applications so that, uh, you. [00:46:25] Francois: Provide the movies, otherwise, they, they are just basically saying, and sorry, but, uh, this premium content will never make it to the web because there's no way we're gonna, uh, send it in clear, to, uh, to the end user. So Encrypting media extensions is, uh, is an API that allows to interface with, uh, what's called the content decryption module, CDM, uh, which itself interacts with, uh, the DR DRM systems that, uh, the browser may, may or may not support. [00:46:52] Francois: And so it provides a way for an application to receive encrypted content, pass it over get the, the, the right keys, the right license keys from a whatever system actually. Pass that logic over to the, and to the user agent, which passes, passes it over to, uh, the CDM system, which is kind of black box in, uh, that does its magic to get the right, uh, decryption key and then the, and to decrypt the content that can be rendered. [00:47:21] Francois: The encrypted media extensions triggered a, a hell of a lot of, uh, controversy. because it's DRM and DRM systems, uh, many people, uh, uh, things should be banned, uh, especially on the web because the, the premise of the web is that the, the user has trusts, a user agent. The, the web browser is called the user agent in all our, all our specifications. [00:47:44] Francois: And that's, uh, that's the trust relationship. And then they interact with a, a content provider. And so whatever they do with the content is their, I guess, actually their problem. And DRM introduces a third party, which is, uh, there's, uh, the, the end user no longer has the control on the content. [00:48:03] Francois: It has to rely on something else that, Restricts what it can achieve with the content. So it's, uh, it's not only a trust relationship with its, uh, user agents, it's also with, uh, with something else, which is the content provider, uh, in the end, the one that has the, uh, the license where provides the license. [00:48:22] Francois: And so that's, that triggers, uh, a hell of a lot of, uh, of discussions in the W3C degenerated, uh, uh, into, uh, formal objections being raised against the specification. and that escalated to, to the, I mean, at all leverage it. It's, it's the, the story in, uh, W3C that, um, really, uh, divided the membership into, opposed camps in a way, if you, that's was not only year, it was not really 50 50 in the sense that not just a huge fights, but the, that's, that triggered a hell of a lot of discussions and a lot of, a lot of, uh, of formal objections at the time. [00:49:00] Francois: Uh, we were still, From a governance perspective, interestingly, um, the W3C used to be a dictatorship. It's not how you should formulate it, of course, and I hope it's not going to be public, this podcast. Uh, but the, uh, it was a benevolent dictatorship. You could see it this way in the sense that, uh, the whole process escalated to one single person was, Tim Burners Lee, who had the final say, on when, when none of the other layers, had managed to catch and to resolve, a conflict. [00:49:32] Francois: Uh, that has hardly ever happened in, uh, the history of the W3C, but that happened to the two for EME, for encrypted media extensions. It had to go to the, uh, director level who, uh, after due consideration, uh, decided to, allow the EME to proceed. and that's why we have a, an EME, uh, uh, standard right now, but still re it remains something on the side. [00:49:56] Francois: EME we're still, uh, it's still in the scope of the media working group, for example. but the scope, if you look at the charter of the working group, we try to scope the, the, the, the, the updates we can make to the specification, uh, to make sure that we don't reopen, reopen, uh, a can of worms, because, well, it's really a, a topic that triggers friction for good and bad reasons again. [00:50:20] Jeremy: And when you talk about the media source extensions, that is the ability to write custom code to stream video in whatever way you want. You mentioned, the MPEG-DASH and http live streaming. So in that case, would that be the developer gets to write that code in JavaScript that's executed by the browser? [00:50:43] Francois: Yep, that's, uh, that would be it. and then typically, I guess the approach nowadays is more and more to develop low level APIs into W3C or web in, in general, I guess. And to let, uh. Libraries emerge that are going to make lives of a, a developer, uh, easier. So for MPEG DASH, we have the DASH.js, which does a fantastic job at, uh, at implementing the complexity of, uh, of adaptive streaming. [00:51:13] Francois: And you just, you just hook it into your, your workflow. And that's, uh, and that's it. Encrypted Media Extensions are closed source [00:51:20] Jeremy: And with the encrypted media extensions I'm trying to picture how those work and how they work differently. [00:51:28] Francois: Well, it's because the, the, the, the key architecture is that the, the stream that you, the stream that you may assemble with a media source extensions, for example. 'cause typically they, they're used in collaboration. When you hook the, hook it into the video tag, you also. Call EME and actually the stream goes to EME. [00:51:49] Francois: And when it goes to EME, actually the user agent hands the encrypted stream. You're still encrypted at this time. Uh, encrypted, uh, stream goes to the CDM content decryption module, and that's a black box well, it has some black, black, uh, black box logic. So it's not, uh, even if you look at the chromium source code, for example, you won't see the implementation of the CDM because it's a, it's a black box, so it's not part of the browser se it's a sand, it's sandboxed, it's execution sandbox. [00:52:17] Francois: That's, uh, the, the EME is kind of unique in, in this way where the, the CDM is not allowed to make network requests, for example, again, for privacy reasons. so anyway, the, the CDM box has the logic to decrypt the content and it hands it over, and then it depends, it depends on the level of protection you. [00:52:37] Francois: You need or that the system supports. It can be against software based protection, in which case actually, a highly motivated, uh, uh, uh, attacker could, uh, actually get access to the decoded stream, or it can be more hardware protected, in which case actually the, it goes to the, uh, to your final screen. [00:52:58] Francois: But it goes, it, it goes through the hardware in a, in a mode that the US supports in a mode that even the user agent doesn't have access to it. So it doesn't, it can't even see the pixels that, uh, gets rendered on the screen. There are, uh, several other, uh, APIs that you could use, for example, to take a screenshot of your, of your application and so on. [00:53:16] Francois: And you cannot apply them to, uh, such content because they're just gonna return a black box. again, because the user agent itself does not see the, uh, the pixels, which is exactly what you want with encrypted content. [00:53:29] Jeremy: And the, the content decryption module, it's, if I understand correctly, it's something that's shipped with the browsers, but you were saying is if you were to look at the public source code of Chromium or of Firefox, you would not see that implementation. Content Decryption Module (Widevine, PlayReady) [00:53:47] Francois: True. I mean, the, the, um, the typical examples are, uh, uh, widevine, so wide Vine. So interestingly, uh, speaking in theory, these, uh, systems could have been provided by anyone in practice. They've been provided by the browser vendors themselves. So Google has Wide Vine. Uh, Microsoft has something called PlayReady. Apple uh, the name, uh, escapes my, uh, sorry. They don't have it on top of my mind. So they, that's basically what they support. So they, they also own that code, but in a way they don't have to. And Firefox actually, uh, they, uh, don't, don't remember which one, they support among these three. but, uh, they, they don't own that code typically. [00:54:29] Francois: They provide a wrapper around, around it. Yeah, that's, that's exactly the, the crux of the, uh, issue that, people have with, uh, with DRMs, right? It's, uh, the fact that, uh, suddenly you have a bit of code running there that is, uh, that, okay, you can send box, but, uh, you cannot inspect and you don't have, uh, access to its, uh, source code. [00:54:52] Jeremy: That's interesting. So the, almost the entire browser is open source, but if you wanna watch a Netflix movie for example, then you, you need to, run this, this CDM, in addition to just the browser code. I, I think, you know, we've kind of covered a lot. Documenting what's available in browsers for developers [00:55:13] Jeremy: I wonder if there's any other examples or anything else you thought would be important to mention in, in the context of the W3C. [00:55:23] Francois: There, there's one thing which, uh, relates to, uh, activities I'm doing also at W3C. Um. Here, we've been talking a lot about, uh, standards and, implementations in browsers, but there's also, uh, adoption of these browser, of these technology standards by developers in general and making sure that developers are aware of what exists, making sure that they understand what exists and one of the, key pain points that people, uh. [00:55:54] Francois: Uh, keep raising on, uh, the web platform is first. Well, the, the, the web platform is unique in the sense that there are different implementations. I mean, if you, [00:56:03] Francois: Uh, anyway, there are different, uh, context, different run times where there, there's just one provided by the company that owns the, uh, the, the, the system. The web platform is implemented by different, uh, organizations. and so you end up the system where no one, there's what's in the specs is not necessarily supported. [00:56:22] Francois: And of course, MDN tries, uh, to document what's what's supported, uh, thoroughly. But for MDN to work, there's a hell of a lot of needs for data that, tracks browser support. And this, uh, this data is typically in a project called the Browser Compat Data, BCD owned by, uh, MDN as well. But, the Open Web Docs collective is a, uh, is, uh, the one, maintaining that, uh, that data under the hoods. [00:56:50] Francois: anyway, all of that to say that, uh, to make sure that, we track things beyond work on technical specifications, because if you look at it from W3C perspective, life ends when the spec reaches standards, uh, you know, candidate rec or rec, you could just say, oh, done with my work. but that's not how things work. [00:57:10] Francois: There's always, you need the feedback loop and, in order to make sure that developers get the information and can provide the, the feedback that standardization can benefit from and browser vendors can benefit from. We've been working on a project called web Features with browser vendors mainly, and, uh, a few of the folks and MDN and can I use and different, uh, different people, to catalog, the web in terms of features that speak to developers and from that catalog. [00:57:40] Francois: So it's a set of, uh, it's a set of, uh, feature IDs with a feature name and feature description that say, you know, this is how developers would, uh, understand, uh, instead of going too fine grained in terms of, uh, there's this one function call that does this because that's where you, the, the kind of support data you may get from browser data and MDN initially, and having some kind of a coarser grained, uh, structure that says these are the, features that make sense. [00:58:09] Francois: They talk to developers. That's what developers talk about, and that's the info. So the, we need to have data on these particular features because that's how developers are going approach the specs. Uh. and from that we've derived the notion of baseline badges that you have, uh, are now, uh, shown on MDN on can I use and integrated in, uh, IDE tool, IDE Tools such as visual, visual studio, and, uh, uh, libraries, uh, linked, some linters have started to, um, to integrate that data. [00:58:41] Francois: Uh, so, the way it works is, uh, we've been mapping these coarser grained features to BCDs finer grained support data, and from there we've been deriving a kind of a, a batch that says, yeah, this, this feature is implemented well, has limited availability because it's only implemented in one or two browsers, for example. [00:59:07] Francois: It's, newly available because. It was implemented. It's been, it's implemented across the main browser vendor, um, across the main browsers that people use. But it's recent, and widely available, which we try to, uh, well, there's been lots of discussion in the, in the group to, uh, come up with a definition which essentially ends up being 30 months after, a feature become, became newly available. [00:59:34] Francois: And that's when, that's the time it takes for the, for the versions of the, the different versions of the browser to propagate. Uh, because you, it's not because there's a new version of a, of a browser that, uh, people just, Ima immediately, uh, get it. So it takes a while, to propagate, uh, across the, uh, the, the user, uh, user base. [00:59:56] Francois: And so the, the goal is to have a, a, a signal that. Developers can rely on saying, okay, well it's widely available so I can really use that feature. And of course, if that doesn't work, then we need to know about it. And so we are also working with, uh, people doing so developer surveys such as state of, uh, CSS, state of HTML, state of JavaScript. [01:00:15] Francois: That's I guess, the main ones. But also we are also running, uh, MDN short surveys with the MDN people to gather feedback on. On the, on these same features, and to feed the loop and to, uh, to complete the loop. and these data is also used by, internally, by browser vendors to inform, prioritization process, their prioritization process, and typically as part of the interop project that they're also running, uh, on the site [01:00:43] Francois: So a, a number of different, I've mentioned, uh, I guess a number of different projects, uh, coming along together. But that's the goal is to create links, across all of these, um, uh, ongoing projects with a view to integrating developers, more, and gathering feedback as early as possible and inform decision. [01:01:04] Francois: We take at the standardization level that can affect the, the lives of the developers and making sure that it's, uh, it affects them in a, in a positive way. [01:01:14] Jeremy: just trying to understand, 'cause you had mentioned that there's the web features and the baseline, and I was, I was trying to picture where developers would actually, um, see these things. And it sounds like from what you're saying is W3C comes up with what stage some of these features are at, and then developers would end up seeing it on MDN or, or some other site. [01:01:37] Francois: So, uh, I'm working on it, but that doesn't mean it's a W3C thing. It's a, it's a, again, it's a, we have different types of group. It's a community group, so it's the Web DX Community group at W3C, which means it's a community owned thing. so that's why I'm mentioning a working with a representative from, and people from MDN people, from open Web docs. [01:02:05] Francois: so that's the first point. The second point is, so it's, indeed this data is now being integrated. If you, and you look, uh, you'll, you'll see it in on top of the MDN pages on most of them. If you look at, uh, any kind of feature, you'll see a, a few logos, uh, a baseline banner. and then can I use, it's the same thing. [01:02:24] Francois: You're going to get a baseline, banner. It's more on, can I use, and it's meant to capture the fact that the feature is widely available or if you may need to pay attention to it. Of course, it's a simplification, and the goal is not to the way it's, the way the messaging is done to developers is meant to capture the fact that, they may want to look, uh, into more than just this, baseline status, because. [01:02:54] Francois: If you take a look at web platform tests, for example, and if you were to base your assessment of whether a feature is supported based on test results, you'll end up saying the web platform has no supported technology because there are absolutely no API that, uh, where browsers pass 100% of the, of the, of the test suite. [01:03:18] Francois: There may be a few of them, I don't know. But, there's a simplification in the, in the process when a feature is, uh, set to be baseline, there may be more things to look at nevertheless, but it's meant to provide a signal that, uh, still developers can rely on their day-to-day, uh, lives. [01:03:36] Francois: if they use the, the feature, let's say, as a reasonably intended and not, uh, using to advance the logic. [01:03:48] Jeremy: I see. Yeah. I'm looking at one of the pages on MDN right now, and I can see at the top there's the, the baseline and it, it mentions that this feature works across many browsers and devices, and then they say how long it's been available. And so that's a way that people at a glance can, can tell, which APIs they can use. [01:04:08] Francois: it also started, uh, out of a desire to summarize this, uh, browser compatibility table that you see at the end of the page of the, the bottom of the page in on MDN. but there are where developers were saying, well, it's, it's fine, but it's, it goes too much into detail. So we don't know in the end, can we, can we use that feature or can we, can we not use that feature? [01:04:28] Francois: So it's meant as a informed summary of, uh, of, of that it relies on the same data again. and more importantly, we're beyond MDN, we're working with tools providers to integrate that as well. So I mentioned the, uh, visual Studio is one of them. So recently they shipped a new version where when you use a feature, you can, you can have some contextual, uh. [01:04:53] Francois: A menu that tells you, yeah, uh, that's fine. You, this CSS property, you can, you can use it, it's widely available or be aware this one is limited Availability only, availability only available in Firefox or, or Chrome or Safari work kit, whatever. [01:05:08] Jeremy: I think that's a good place to wrap it up, if people want to learn more about the work you're doing or learn more about sort of this whole recommendations process, where, where should they head? [01:05:23] Francois: Generally speaking, we're extremely open to, uh, people contributing to the W3C. and where should they go if they, it depends on what they want. So I guess the, the in usually where, how things start for someone getting involved in the W3C is that they have some

Mark Brennan,  Founder, CEO, and Director of Cerrado Gold Inc (TSX.V: CERT) (OTCQX: CRDOF), joins me to review the Q2 2025 financials and operations, along with the dual-pronged 20,000 meter expansionary exploration program at the producing Minera Don Nicolas gold mine in Argentina, and the value proposition key upcoming development catalysts at the Lagoa Salgada VMS Project in Portugal and the Mont Sorcier Iron-Vanadium project in Quebec.    Q2/25 MDN Operating Highlights:   Q2/25 production of 11,437 GEO and AISC of $1,779/oz Unit costs expected to continue to decline as production increases in H2/2025 Q2/25 Adjusted EBITDA of $7.4 million Record heap leach production of 7,864 GEO during the Quarter Underground development at Paloma started with three access portals CIL plant receiving initial contribution from underground development; production expected to ramp up over H2/2025 20,000m Exploration Program underway at MDN targeting potential significant resource growth opportunities   Mark and I review their Minera Don Nicolas producing gold project in Argentina, and the record heap leach gold equivalent ounce production for the quarter. There is expanded and improved crushing capacity at the heap leach, from the newly installed secondary crusher, and this will continue to be impactful on a move-forward basis in Q3 and beyond, with the quantity of ore being placed on the pad having increased, and with it helping to reduce down unit costs into H2. The production profile will also keep growing with the underground mining having now commenced.  With higher gold prices, the CIL plant continued to process lower-grade stockpiles in Q2/25, but new high-grade material from the underground mining operations will start being blended with it moving forward, and this will increase the average grade throughput at the mill.   Another area of future growth will be the 20,000 meter drill program will be a combination of  underground exploration work targeting new areas of mineralization and growing the mine life, in addition to surface drilling that is exploring around the open pit resources, as well as identifying additional satellite open-pits at surface.     Next we unpacked the growing value proposition at the Lagoa Salgada VMS Project  in Portugal, with a Post-tax NPV of US$147 million and a 39% IRR in the current Feasibility Study. This Project adds both substantial precious metals resources along with critical minerals exposure (42 % Gold & Silver, 24% zinc, 14% copper, and 5% tin) to the future production profile.  We also discuss the various work streams leading to optimized Feasibility Study in Q4, a construction decision by Q1 2026.  Construction is targeted for H2 of 2026, with first production slated for early 2028.   We wrap up discussing the underappreciated value and ongoing derisking work that is moving towards a Bankable Feasibility Study in Q1 of 2026 at the Mont Sorcier Iron-Vanadium in Quebec. Recent metallurgical test work, has reaffirmed the potential to produce high-grade and high-purity iron concentrate grading in excess of 67% iron with silica and alumina content below 2.3%.     If you have questions for Mark regarding Cerrado Gold, then please email those to me at Shad@kereport.com.   * In full disclosure, Shad is a shareholder of Cerrado Gold at the time of this recording, and may choose to buy or sell shares at any time.   Click here to see the latest news from Cerrado Gold.

Mark Brennan,  Founder, CEO, and Director of Cerrado Gold Inc (TSX.V: CERT) (OTCQX: CRDOF), joins me to review the Q2 2025 operations and 20,000 meter expansionary exploration program at the producing Minera Don Nicolas gold mine in Argentina, and the value proposition key upcoming development catalysts at the Lagoa Salgada VMS Project in Portugal and the Mont Sorcier Iron-Vanadium project in Quebec.    Q2 2025 M.D.N. Operating Highlights:   Gold Equivalent Ounce ("GEO") Production of 11,437 GEO for the 2nd Quarter 2025 Underground Development has commenced and production set to ramp up in H2/2025 Expanded crushing and agglomeration capacity should expand tonnages to the leach pads and improve recoveries at the Heap Leach operation 2025 Production Guidance of 55,000 - 60,000 GEO remains in place, production weighted to H2 2025 as underground ramps up 20,000m Exploration Program underway at MDN targeting potential significant resource growth opportunities   Mark and I review their Minera Don Nicolas producing gold project in Argentina, and the record heap leach gold equivalent ounce production for the quarter. We discuss the positive impact that the newly installed secondary crusher has brought to production starting at the tail-end of Q2, but then will continue to be impactful on a move-forward basis in Q3 and beyond, with the quantity of ore being placed on the pad having increased.   The production profile will also keep growing in Q3 with the underground mining having now commenced.  With higher gold prices, the CIL plant continued to process lower-grade stockpiles and is planned to continue processing low grade stockpiles through Q2/25, after which it will be blended with new high-grade material from the underground mining operations, and this will increase the average grade throughput at the mill.   Another area of future growth will be the 20,000 meter drill program that is exploring the open pit resources, as well as identifying for more satellite open-pits at surface.   Having gone underground, there is also now the potential for underground exploration work to begin targeting new areas of mineralization or further defining existing areas of mineralization.     Next we unpacked the growing value proposition at the Lagoa Salgada VMS Project  in Portugal, with a Post-tax NPV of US$147 million and a 39% IRR in the current Feasibility Study. This Project adds both substantial precious metals resources along with critical minerals exposure (42 % Gold & Silver, 24% zinc, 14% copper, and 5% tin) to the future production profile.  We also discuss the 2 areas that will be addressed in the resubmission of their Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) where approval is expected after upcoming political elections, and there will be an optimized Feasibility Study released in Q3, a construction decision by year end or early next year.  Construction is targeted for Q2 of 2026, with first production slated for H2 2027.*   We wrap up discussing the underappreciated value and ongoing derisking work that is moving towards a Bankable Feasibility Study in Q1 of 2026 at the Mont Sorcier Iron-Vanadium in Quebec. Recent metallurgical test work, has reaffirmed the potential to produce high-grade and high-purity iron concentrate grading in excess of 67% iron with silica and alumina content below 2.3%.     If you have questions for Mark regarding Cerrado Gold, then please email those to me at Shad@kereport.com.   * In full disclosure, Shad is a shareholder of Cerrado Gold at the time of this recording, and may choose to buy or sell shares at any time.   Click here to see the latest news from Cerrado Gold.

In this episode, we sat down with gut health dietitian Gabrielle Palmeri, MDN, RD, CLT to uncover how nutrition truly impacts our energy, focus, and overall health.Reality is, many of us are in a demanding period of our lives. Nourishing your body properly is key in continuing to show up as your best self.Gabrielle breaks down the science behind gut health and what it actually is, things people miss when it comes to eating healthy, the importance of fiber and why you need to eat more, and how stress impacts the gut.Gabrielle provides tactical tips you can implement TODAY to improve your gut health, sleep better, have more energy, and live an overall healthier life.You'll leave this episode with actionable steps to eat a more nutritious diet without restriction.Follow Gabrielle on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/dietitian.gabrielle/Apply to work with Gabrielle 1:1: https://forms.gle/ChdAGBeoyPQCkfEVAIf you enjoyed this episode, please rate and review the podcast. We appreciate your support!

Hey, everyone. Welcome back to another exciting episode of JavaScript Jabber, part of the Top End Devs Network. I'm your host, Charles Max Wood, joined by our amazing panelist, Dan Shappir. In this episode, we dive into the latest developments in the world of JavaScript as we kick off a new year. You might recall we covered this topic about a year and a half ago in episode 590.  Today, we're revisiting the updates to see what's progressed and what's newly introduced in the JavaScript standard.Dan Shappir offers his expertise as we explore features that have recently been added to the language. From promise.allSettled, a feature that's been around for about five years but often underutilized, to array method enhancements like .at and Object.hasOwn, there's a ton to unpack. We'll also delve into exciting new library additions like findLast for arrays, efficient array copying methods and improvements in set operations that make JavaScript more powerful and developer-friendly than ever.The episode isn't just about the features that have already landed; we'll also touch on what's in the pipeline with proposals in various stages of development, including exciting concepts like temporal for better date and time handling. Whether you're a JavaScript pro or just keen to stay updated on the latest trends, this discussion is packed with insights to level up your coding game.So, grab your headphones, stay tuned, and let's explore the exciting world of new JavaScript features together!Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/javascript-jabber--6102064/support.

#DrKenyattaCavil #SportsLab #HBCUsports"Inside the HBCU Sports Lab" episode 583 with Dr. Kenyatta Cavil, Mike Washington & Charles Bishop radio show. Today's show will be a good one as Doc, Charles, David Rhodes, and Wilton discuss news and sports in plus preview this weekend's upcoming football matchups.Special guests: Sam Shade, Miles College Head Football Coach and Dr. Alvin Parker, Virginia Union Head Football Coach.TOPICS:HBCU hoops team enters Mid-Major Top 25 pollThe HBCU All-Star Major Division Game featuring Howard and Tennessee StateMEAC Announces the Guardian of the Game Awards ReceptionMEAC Announces Weekly Volleyball Honors, presented by Coca-ColaDR. CAVIL'S INSIDE THE HBCU HUDDLE REPORTHOUSTON– Dr. Cavil's 2024 HBCU Major Division Football Poll Rankings – Week 11The Jackson State Tigers Remain No. 1 in PollDR. CAVIL'S INSIDE THE HBCU HUDDLE REPORTHOUSTON– Dr. Cavil's 2024 HBCU Mid-Major Division Football Poll Rankings – Week 10The Miles Golden Bears New No. 1 in Week 10MID-MAJOR DIVISION GAMESSAT, NOV 16 4:05 PM ESTNo. 2 Virginia St. Trojans (7-3, 6-1) at No. 3 Virginia Union Panthers (7-3, 6-1)SAT, NOV 16 12:05 PM ESTNo. 4 Clark Atlanta Panthers (7-2-1, 6-2) at No. 1 Miles Golden Bears (8-2, 8-0)MAJOR DIVISION GAMESTHU, NOV 14 9:00 PM EST - LOUIS CREWS STADIUM, HUNTSVILLE, ALGrambling Tigers (5-5, 2-4) at Alabama A&M Bulldogs (4-5, 2-3)FRI, NOV 15 9:00 PM EST - O'KELLY-RIDDICK, DURHAM, NCHoward Bison (4-6, 1-2) at No. 3 N.C. Central Eagles (6-3, 2-1)SAT, NOV 16 1:00 PM EST - ARMSTRONG FIELD, HAMPTON, VARichmond Spiders (8-2, 6-0) at Hampton Pirates (5-5, 2-4)SAT, NOV 16 1:00 PM EST - JOHNNY UNITAS® STADIUM, TOWSON, MDN.C. A&T Aggies (1-9, 0-6) at Towson Tigers (5-5, 3-3)SAT, NOV 16 2:00 PM EST - BRAGG MEMORIAL, TALLAHASSEE, FLMississippi Val. Delta Devils (0-10, 0-6) at No. 6 Florida A&M Rattlers (5-4, 3-2)SAT, NOV 16 2:30 PM EST - SPANGLER, SHELBY, NCNo. 4 Tennessee St. Tigers (7-3, 4-2) at Gardner-Webb Runnin' Bulldogs (4-6, 3-3)SAT, NOV 16 3:00 PM EST - WILLIAM "DICK" PRICE STADIUM, NORFOLK, VADelaware St. Hornets (1-9, 0-3) at Norfolk St. Spartans (3-7, 1-2)SAT, NOV 16 4:00 PM EST - PANTHER STADIUM AT BLACKSHEAR FIELD, PRAIRIE VIEW, TXNo. 8 Alcorn Braves (5-5, 4-2) at No. 9 Prairie View Panthers (5-5, 3-3)SAT, NOV 16 4:00 PM EST - ASU STADIUM, MONTGOMERY, ALNo. 1 Jackson St. Tigers (8-2, 6-0) at No. 7 Alabama St. Hornets (5-4, 4-2)SAT, NOV 16 4:00 PM EST - SHELL ENERGY STADIUM, HOUSTON, TXBethune-Cookman Wildcats (2-8, 2-4) at Texas Southern Tigers (3-6, 2-4)SAT, NOV 16 5:00 PM EST - HUGHES, BALTIMORE, MDNo. 1 South Carolina St. Bulldogs (7-2, 3-0) at No. 10 Morgan St. Bears (5-5, 2-1)SAT, NOV 16 3:00 PM EST – A.W. MUMFORD STADIUM, BATON ROUGE, LAArk.-Pine Bluff Golden Lions (3-7, 2-4) at No. 5 Southern U. Jaguars (6-4, 5-1)@InsidetheHBCUSportsLab on Facebook Live and Spreaker.‬Contributions welcome at CashApp $JafusCavil

#DrKenyattaCavil #SportsLab #HBCUsports"Inside the HBCU Sports Lab" episode 582 with Dr. Kenyatta Cavil, Mike Washington & Charles Bishop radio show. Today's show will be a good one as David Rhodes, Brandon King and Tariq Wilson discuss news and sports in Division 1 HBCU Independents plus preview this weekend's upcoming football matchups.TOPICS:Southern Claims First SWAC Championship Title; will face Mississippi StateSWAC Football Weekly Honors: Nov. 11MEAC Announces Weekly Football Honors, presented by Coca-ColaDR. CAVIL'S INSIDE THE HBCU HUDDLE REPORTHOUSTON– Dr. Cavil's 2024 HBCU Major Division Football Poll Rankings – Week 11The Jackson State Tigers Remain No. 1 in PollDR. CAVIL'S INSIDE THE HBCU HUDDLE REPORTHOUSTON– Dr. Cavil's 2024 HBCU Mid-Major Division Football Poll Rankings – Week 10The Miles Golden Bears New No. 1 in Week 10MID-MAJOR DIVISION GAMESSAT, NOV 16 4:05 PM ESTNo. 2 Virginia St. Trojans (7-3, 6-1) at No. 3 Virginia Union Panthers (7-3, 6-1)SAT, NOV 16 12:05 PM ESTNo. 4 Clark Atlanta Panthers (7-2-1, 6-2) at No. 1 Miles Golden Bears (8-2, 8-0)MAJOR DIVISION GAMESTHU, NOV 14 9:00 PM EST - LOUIS CREWS STADIUM, HUNTSVILLE, ALGrambling Tigers (5-5, 2-4) at Alabama A&M Bulldogs (4-5, 2-3)FRI, NOV 15 9:00 PM EST - O'KELLY-RIDDICK, DURHAM, NCHoward Bison (4-6, 1-2) at No. 3 N.C. Central Eagles (6-3, 2-1)SAT, NOV 16 1:00 PM EST - ARMSTRONG FIELD, HAMPTON, VARichmond Spiders (8-2, 6-0) at Hampton Pirates (5-5, 2-4)SAT, NOV 16 1:00 PM EST - JOHNNY UNITAS® STADIUM, TOWSON, MDN.C. A&T Aggies (1-9, 0-6) at Towson Tigers (5-5, 3-3)SAT, NOV 16 2:00 PM EST - BRAGG MEMORIAL, TALLAHASSEE, FLMississippi Val. Delta Devils (0-10, 0-6) at No. 6 Florida A&M Rattlers (5-4, 3-2)SAT, NOV 16 2:30 PM EST - SPANGLER, SHELBY, NCNo. 4 Tennessee St. Tigers (7-3, 4-2) at Gardner-Webb Runnin' Bulldogs (4-6, 3-3)SAT, NOV 16 3:00 PM EST - WILLIAM "DICK" PRICE STADIUM, NORFOLK, VADelaware St. Hornets (1-9, 0-3) at Norfolk St. Spartans (3-7, 1-2)SAT, NOV 16 4:00 PM EST - PANTHER STADIUM AT BLACKSHEAR FIELD, PRAIRIE VIEW, TXNo. 8 Alcorn Braves (5-5, 4-2) at No. 9 Prairie View Panthers (5-5, 3-3)SAT, NOV 16 4:00 PM EST - ASU STADIUM, MONTGOMERY, ALNo. 1 Jackson St. Tigers (8-2, 6-0) at No. 7 Alabama St. Hornets (5-4, 4-2)SAT, NOV 16 4:00 PM EST - SHELL ENERGY STADIUM, HOUSTON, TXBethune-Cookman Wildcats (2-8, 2-4) at Texas Southern Tigers (3-6, 2-4)SAT, NOV 16 5:00 PM EST - HUGHES, BALTIMORE, MDNo. 1 South Carolina St. Bulldogs (7-2, 3-0) at No. 10 Morgan St. Bears (5-5, 2-1)SAT, NOV 16 3:00 PM EST – A.W. MUMFORD STADIUM, BATON ROUGE, LAArk.-Pine Bluff Golden Lions (3-7, 2-4) at No. 5 Southern U. Jaguars (6-4, 5-1)@InsidetheHBCUSportsLab on Facebook Live and Spreaker.‬Contributions welcome at CashApp $JafusCavil

#DrKenyattaCavil #SportsLab #HBCUsports"Inside the HBCU Sports Lab" episode 581 with Dr. Kenyatta Cavil, Mike Washington & Charles Bishop radio show. Today's show will be a good one as Doc, Mike, Charles and AD Drew discuss HBCU news and sports plus preview the upcoming football matchups and reveal the number 1 team in Dr. Cavil's Mid-Major Division Football Poll.Special guests: Dr. Henry Frazier III, Virginia State Head Football Coach and Teddy Keaton, Clark-Atlanta University Head Football Coach.TOPICS:Southern Claims First SWAC Championship Title; will face Mississippi StateSWAC Football Weekly Honors: Nov. 11MEAC Announces Weekly Football Honors, presented by Coca-ColaDR. CAVIL'S INSIDE THE HBCU HUDDLE REPORTHOUSTON– Dr. Cavil's 2024 HBCU Major Division Football Poll Rankings – Week 11The Jackson State Tigers Remain No. 1 in PollDR. CAVIL'S INSIDE THE HBCU HUDDLE REPORTHOUSTON– Dr. Cavil's 2024 HBCU Mid-Major Division Football Poll Rankings – Week 10The Miles Golden Bears New No. 1 in Week 10MID-MAJOR DIVISION GAMESSAT, NOV 16 4:05 PM ESTNo. 2 Virginia St. Trojans (7-3, 6-1) at No. 3 Virginia Union Panthers (7-3, 6-1)SAT, NOV 16 12:05 PM ESTNo. 4 Clark Atlanta Panthers (7-2-1, 6-2) at No. 1 Miles Golden Bears (8-2, 8-0)MAJOR DIVISION GAMESTHU, NOV 14 9:00 PM EST - LOUIS CREWS STADIUM, HUNTSVILLE, ALGrambling Tigers (5-5, 2-4) at Alabama A&M Bulldogs (4-5, 2-3)FRI, NOV 15 9:00 PM EST - O'KELLY-RIDDICK, DURHAM, NCHoward Bison (4-6, 1-2) at No. 3 N.C. Central Eagles (6-3, 2-1)SAT, NOV 16 1:00 PM EST - ARMSTRONG FIELD, HAMPTON, VARichmond Spiders (8-2, 6-0) at Hampton Pirates (5-5, 2-4)SAT, NOV 16 1:00 PM EST - JOHNNY UNITAS® STADIUM, TOWSON, MDN.C. A&T Aggies (1-9, 0-6) at Towson Tigers (5-5, 3-3)SAT, NOV 16 2:00 PM EST - BRAGG MEMORIAL, TALLAHASSEE, FLMississippi Val. Delta Devils (0-10, 0-6) at No. 6 Florida A&M Rattlers (5-4, 3-2)SAT, NOV 16 2:30 PM EST - SPANGLER, SHELBY, NCNo. 4 Tennessee St. Tigers (7-3, 4-2) at Gardner-Webb Runnin' Bulldogs (4-6, 3-3)SAT, NOV 16 3:00 PM EST - WILLIAM "DICK" PRICE STADIUM, NORFOLK, VADelaware St. Hornets (1-9, 0-3) at Norfolk St. Spartans (3-7, 1-2)SAT, NOV 16 4:00 PM EST - PANTHER STADIUM AT BLACKSHEAR FIELD, PRAIRIE VIEW, TXNo. 8 Alcorn Braves (5-5, 4-2) at No. 9 Prairie View Panthers (5-5, 3-3)SAT, NOV 16 4:00 PM EST - ASU STADIUM, MONTGOMERY, ALNo. 1 Jackson St. Tigers (8-2, 6-0) at No. 7 Alabama St. Hornets (5-4, 4-2)SAT, NOV 16 4:00 PM EST - SHELL ENERGY STADIUM, HOUSTON, TXBethune-Cookman Wildcats (2-8, 2-4) at Texas Southern Tigers (3-6, 2-4)SAT, NOV 16 5:00 PM EST - HUGHES, BALTIMORE, MDNo. 1 South Carolina St. Bulldogs (7-2, 3-0) at No. 10 Morgan St. Bears (5-5, 2-1)SAT, NOV 16 3:00 PM EST – A.W. MUMFORD STADIUM, BATON ROUGE, LAArk.-Pine Bluff Golden Lions (3-7, 2-4) at No. 5 Southern U. Jaguars (6-4, 5-1)@InsidetheHBCUSportsLab on Facebook Live and Spreaker.‬Contributions welcome at CashApp $JafusCavil

Welcome back. This is a really special episode in the health series. I'm here with Rebecca Fedrowitz, my health coach. She has been helping me through most of this year to get some of my issues under control. She solved a lot of problems. It's been life-changing.    The information we share in this conversation is what every woman should have. You're going to love it. We're going to talk about the immune system, gut health, food sensitivities, supplements, and more. We have so much to tell you.  You're going to learn so much.   Rebekah Fedrowitz, MDN, BCHN®, is a board-certified holistic nutritionist and passionate advocate for women's health. Rebekah specializes in revealing how imbalances in stress, hormones, and gut health are holding women back from feeling energized, focused, and in control of their lives.  Whether through private consulting, speaking engagements, or programs, Rebekah is on a mission to equip women to take control of their wellness and thrive.   Join Rebekah and I as we talk about:   How food sensitivities can affect us and what to do about it Gut health and the importance to our health Ways stress can affect our digestion What we need to know about living in burnout and stress   Favorite Quotes:  03:37 - “ It's actually really common for things like reflux and bloating to be due to some sort of hidden food sensitivity.” 05:50 - “The gut is such an important part of our health, and it's so common for us in our modern society to have gut health imbalances.” 16:02 - “When women are well, we are better equipped to do the things that we were called to do.” 25:01 - “Ultimately one of the biggest reasons why stress is so harmful is because it starts in the gut and digestion.” 25:22 - “Everything you eat either adds to or takes away from your body.”   Links to Great Things We Discussed: Rebekah Fedrowitz Website    Rebekah Fedrowitz Instagram    Santé Vie website    Suits   The Way of Belonging    Dirty Genes    CRZ YOGA High Waisted Golf Skirts    Build a Coaching Business Quick Start Challenge Create a Course Remaining You While Raising Them Little Things Studio Christmas items and more - 40% off!! Set your holiday table with the colors and beauty of the season with delightful cloth napkins from Little Things Studio!  These machine washable napkins designed by Kate Whitley, use the same flour sack cotton as our tea towels.  I co-own Little Things Studio which is a woman-owned small business bringing daily reminders of beauty and truth to your home and life. These thoughtfully-designed products are made in the USA and focus on the rich words of hymns and the beauty of nature   Hope you loved this episode!   Make sure to hit that subscribe button on Apple Podcasts and Spotify. Don't forget to check us out on YouTube and slap some stars on a review! :)   xo, Alli  

Welcome back. This is a really special episode in the health series. I'm here with Rebecca Fedrowitz, my health coach. She has been helping me through most of this year to get some of my issues under control. She solved a lot of problems. It's been life-changing.  The information we share in this conversation is what every woman should have. You're going to love it. We're going to talk about the immune system, gut health, food sensitivities, supplements, and more. We have so much to tell you.  You're going to learn so much. Rebekah Fedrowitz, MDN, BCHN®, is a board-certified holistic nutritionist and passionate advocate for women's health. Rebekah specializes in revealing how imbalances in stress, hormones, and gut health are holding women back from feeling energized, focused, and in control of their lives.  Whether through private consulting, speaking engagements, or programs, Rebekah is on a mission to equip women to take control of their wellness and thrive. Join Rebekah and I as we talk about: How food sensitivities can affect us and what to do about it Gut health and the importance to our health Ways stress can affect our digestion What we need to know about living in burnout and stress Favorite Quotes:  03:37 - “ It's actually really common for things like reflux and bloating to be due to some sort of hidden food sensitivity.” 05:50 - “The gut is such an important part of our health, and it's so common for us in our modern society to have gut health imbalances.” 16:02 - “When women are well, we are better equipped to do the things that we were called to do.” 25:01 - “Ultimately one of the biggest reasons why stress is so harmful is because it starts in the gut and digestion.” 25:22 - “Everything you eat either adds to or takes away from your body.” Links to Great Things We Discussed: Rebekah Fedrowitz Website    Rebekah Fedrowitz Instagram    Santé Vie website    Suits   The Way of Belonging    Dirty Genes    CRZ YOGA High Waisted Golf Skirts    Build a Coaching Business Quick Start Challenge Create a Course Remaining You While Raising Them Little Things Studio Christmas items and more - 40% off!! Set your holiday table with the colors and beauty of the season with delightful cloth napkins from Little Things Studio!  These machine washable napkins designed by Kate Whitley, use the same flour sack cotton as our tea towels.  I co-own Little Things Studio which is a woman-owned small business bringing daily reminders of beauty and truth to your home and life. These thoughtfully-designed products are made in the USA and focus on the rich words of hymns and the beauty of nature. Hope you loved this episode!   Make sure to hit that subscribe button on Apple Podcasts and Spotify. Don't forget to check us out on YouTube and slap some stars on a review! :) xo, Alli

Honda 2 Motor hybrid; Desalinization breakthrough: AI can be dangerous; No Apple ring on the horizon; TEMU bad; Home Pod Minin is 4 years old; Apple study shows issues with AI; M4 iPads might get price cut; MDN is offering a subscription podcast to do what we do free; Apple debuts immersive film; Apple Watch now show “Vitals”; Beats Pill speaker on sale; Air pods Pro 2; OS 18.1 to ship October 28th and Quarterly earnings report will be out on the 31st; What will be left out of the Apple SE phone update? Probably not AI.Conversations on technology and tech adjacent subjects with two and sometime three generations of tech nerds. New shows on (mostly) MONDAYS!

What is our relationship to the land, to its other-than-human inhabitants, and to the rest of humanity? These are fundamental questions for thinking through how we can transform ourselves in ways that allow a multiplicity of ecologies and human communities to thrive alongside one another. And these questions are not just fundamental to us as individuals—they are essential to how we view our cultures, traditions, institutions, and ways of knowing.Layel Camargo lives at the vibrant intersection of ecological justice, queer liberation, and indigenous culture—a cultural space that offers a distinctive vantage point on how our societies work, while holding enormous potential to both see and reorient our relationships to the land and to one another.Layel Camargo is an organizer and artist who advocates for the better health of the planet and its people by restoring land, healing communities, and promoting low-waste and low-impact lifestyles. Layel is a transgender and gender non-conforming person who is an indigenous descendant of the Yaqui and Mayo tribes of the Sonoran Desert.I met Layel at a climate storytelling retreat in New York City in 2019, where I became a huge fan of their work and of their way of being in the world.Layel is a founder of the Shelterwood Collective, a Black, Indigenous, and LGBTQ-led community forest and retreat center, healing people and ecosystems through active stewardship and community engagement.Our conversation explores the idea of culture as strategy in confronting the climate crisis, diving into Layel's work in video, podcasting, and poetry and the origins of their approach to this work of healing people and planet.You can listen on Substack, Apple Podcasts, and other podcast platforms.Please rate, review, and share to help us spread the word!Layel CamargoLayel Camargo is a cultural strategist, land steward, filmmaker, artist, and a descendant of the Yaqui tribe and Mayo tribes of the Sonoran Desert. Layel is also transgender and non-binary. They graduated from UC Santa Cruz with dual degrees in Feminist Studies and Legal Studies. Layel was the Impact Producer for “The North Pole Show” Season Two. They currently produce and host ‘Did We Go Too Far' in conjunction with Movement Generation. Alongside Favianna Rodriguez and at the Center for Cultural Power, they created ‘Climate Woke,' a national campaign to center BIPOC voices in climate justice. Wanting to shape a new world, they co-founded ‘Shelterwood Collective'. The collective is a land-based organization that teaches land stewardship, fosters inventive ideation, and encourages healing for long-term survival. Layel was a Transformative Justice practitioner for 6 years and still looks to achieve change to the carceral system in all of their work. Most recently, Layel was named on the Grist 2020 Fixers List, and named in the 2019 Yerba Buena Center of the Arts list of ‘People to Watch Out For.'Quotation Read by Layel Camargo“You wanna fly, you got to give up the s**t that weighs you down.” - Toni Morrison, Song of SolomonRecommended Readings & MediaTranscriptIntroJohn Fiege  What is our relationship to the land, to its other-than-human inhabitants, and to the rest of humanity? These are fundamental questions for thinking through how we can transform ourselves in ways that allow a multiplicity of ecologies and human communities to thrive alongside one another. And these questions are not just fundamental to us as individuals—they are essential to how we view our cultures, traditions, institutions, and ways of knowing.Layel Camargo lives at the vibrant intersection of ecological justice, queer liberation, and indigenous culture—a cultural space that offers a distinctive vantage point on how our societies work while holding enormous potential to both see and reorient our relationships to the land and to one another.And besides that, Layel is hilarious.Layel Camargo My passion for humor has come from has been maintained by a lot of data and information that I've gotten around just the importance of people being able to process things through laughter. And that the climate crisis is nothing to make mockery and or to laugh, there's this is very serious. The ways in which our species is kind of being at threat of extinction, and right before our eyes. But I think that as humans, we're so complex and layered, and we're so beautiful in the sense that we get to feel so intensely, and feeling is what motivates us to take action. And laughter helps you process so much data quicker, it helps you be able to take something in, embrace it, release, and then have it make an impression.John Fiege  I'm John Fiege, and this is Chrysalis.Layel Camargo is an organizer and artist who advocates for the better health of the planet and its people by restoring land, healing communities, and promoting low-waste, low-impact lifestyles. Layel is a transgender and gender non-conforming person who is an indigenous descendant of the Yaqui and Mayo tribes of the Sonoran Desert.I met Layel at a climate storytelling retreat in New York City in 2019, where I became a huge fan of their work and of their way of being in the world.Layel is a founder of the Shelterwood Collective, a Black, Indigenous, and LGBTQ-led community forest and retreat center, healing people and ecosystems through active stewardship and community engagement.Our conversation explores the idea of culture as strategy in confronting the climate crisis, diving into Layel's work in video, podcasting, and poetry and the origins of their approach to this work of healing people and planet.Here is Layel Camargo.ConversationJohn FiegeHow you doing?Layel Camargo I'm doing pretty good. How are you doing?John Fiege I'm doing well. I've got this thing in my throat. I, so I'm going to be drinking a lot of tea. And I might have to have a bathroom break. Know, I have forgotten to take my allergy medicine. And here we are. Great. Yeah. So can you start out by telling me where you grew up? And how you viewed your relationship to the rest of nature when you were a kid?Layel Camargo Yeah. Um, I can start off by Yeah. talking a little bit about where I grew up. Yeah, so I grew up on the Mexican border between Tijuana and San Diego. And my upbringing was in this very highly dense migrant community from Latinx to Philippines, because of the proximity to the military base. It was very military towns, pretty much the professions. They're like you're either work for Homeland Security, the military or police. And I didn't really notice what my upbringing was like till I left. But I grew up crossing the border back and forth. My grandmother migrated from the Sonoran Desert, to Tijuana. And that's basically where my mother was born. And she grew. She went to high school in San Diego, which is why I can say I'm an American citizen, but I'm a descendant of the Maya or the uremic tribes, my grandmother said, and then my grandfather said, The yucky tribes of the Sonoran Desert so I think for me, my connection ecologically was like the ocean Because I grew up in a beach city, and then it was also the desert, because of all the stories and my grandmother's connection to sanada. So high, I never felt like I was at home because as a queer person paid never really fit into the conservative nature of San Diego due to how militarized it is, and all this stuff. But it was through a drive, which I took from Northern California, down to Sonora, where my grandmother's family lives, when I drove through the saguaros and Arizona that I remember seeing the Saguaro forests and just like needing to pull over and just like, take them in. And I had this a visceral feeling that I don't think I've ever had before of just like being home. And I think this, this experience was like in 2016 2017. And that's when I realized that, in theory, I was a climate activist, I cared about the planet. But it wasn't until that moment that I was like, oh, what I'm actually doing is like actually fighting for us to return to be in better relationship with the planet. And this is where I belong, this is my source of my route, these trees and this desert. So because of that, and growing up in proximity to the beach, water conservation has always been an area of like passion for me and caring about the ocean, which pushed me to a practice of lowering my plastic consumption and being more mindful of oil consumption. And the desert has always been a source of like grounding in regards to like place and knowing that I come from the earth. So it's kind of like I was gonna say, it's kind of like, I'm from a lot of places, I moved to Northern California in 2006. So I love the forest. But nothing speaks to my heart, like the beach in the desert.John Fiege Well, they have sand in common. Is there? Is there a tension between the ocean pulling you in the desert pulling you or is it? Is it a beautiful harmony?Layel Camargo It's a bit of a tension. But I would say that in my body, it feels the same. They both dehydrate me and over, over like it's just a lot of heat, typically. So yeah, that it's different for Northern California beaches, because they're a little bit more Rocky and more cold. You have to wear more layers. Right? definitely like to where I grew up, it's it is warm, the sandy ness. That's a great connection, I definitely need to make that a little bit more concrete.TotallyJohn Fiege cool. Well, can you tell me more about the path you took from the neighborhood where you grew up in San Diego, to studying at UC Santa Cruz and what that experience was like for you?Layel Camargo Yeah, I, I went. So I grew up in a home where there was a lot of violence, which is very common in a lot of migrant-specific and indigenous communities. And I kind of came into my teenage years, like really realizing that I was different, but I didn't know how when it kind of got summarized in college around my queerness my sexuality and my gender, but just feeling this need of like needing to leave. It just didn't make sense for me to be there. And with that being said, I had a wonderful community. I still have quite a few friends in San Diego that I keep in touch with my sisters live there. And I was actually just started last weekend. So I, when I was in San Diego, I think a lot of my trauma responses of like, just ignore what doesn't make sense and just keep moving forward was how I kind of functioned. And that race. And I loved it, I succeeded at it. I've actually realized that I'm a performance artist because of that upbringing. Like I, you know, was captain of the water polo team. I was president of my senior class, I was featured in newspapers for my swimming. I was a competitive swimmer for 10 years. I I did, I did a you know, a good job. I had advanced placement classes and honors classes and I was well rounded but in the inside, I just didn't feel like I belonged. So I picked UC Santa Cruz to go to college because it was the farthest University and the University of California system that had accepted me. And they went and I didn't know what I was getting myself into. I visited the campus like two to three weeks before I had to actually be there to live on campus. Bass. And when my dad drove me, drove me up with my whole family drove me up and they left me they were like, are you sure you want to say I'm like, I got this, like, it was all redwoods. So it was definitely like, we went down to the local store. And it was like all these like hippie dreadlock, folks. And I was like, I don't even know what I got myself into. But I'm getting this degree, so we're good. And it was a big culture shock, I think for a lot of black and brown and indigenous youth when they have to leave their communities to attend. What is like better economic opportunities outside of them it is it's, it's more than just having to adjust, it's having to really like, Oh, I had to let go of everything I knew. And in order for me to take the most out of college, and I was fortunate enough that I had a container a university is like a container for young folks that I wasn't having to leave for work or opportunities. And so I fully immersed myself, and it allowed me to be able to identify myself sexually and through my gender, and a gave me solace, when you know, my family rejected me for coming out. And I think that I'm so fortunate that I had that experience. And then I also was able to gain double bachelor's when feminist studies and legal studies which allowed me to have some upward mobility that my family hadn't had, traditionally I was, I am the first person in my whole family to attend a four year university after high school. So I'm definitely very grateful that that path took me there. And at this point, I feel like it was not only good for me, but it was good for my whole family for me to have taken that journey.John Fiege And did you come out to them? In college or before college?Layel Camargo in college? Yeah, I was my second year, I had my first girlfriend. And I was a Resident Advisor, always I'm always trying to be the overachiever. So I was like Resident Advisor of my college, I was like, involved in every club, I was part of the dance team. And, you know, my mom called me, I just decided to actually move in with my girlfriend the following quarter. And she was like, What are you doing? I was like, Oh, my girlfriend's house. And she was like, why do you have to tell me those things. And I'm just like, because I'm not gonna lie to you. And she was like, I know, you're gay, but I just don't need you to rub it in my face. And I was like, then I guess we can't talk. And so we didn't talk for three months. And then she called me It's, it's, it's hard, you know, like, going to college is hard, especially when I went to very marginalized public schools before that. So I was struggling academically. And my solace was, like, being involved on campus, like to meet some social needs. And I was in, I was in a retention program for black and brown youth from urban communities. So that helped a lot. But I, I, my mom kind of rupturing that, really. I didn't realize what the impact was until probably a quarter the quarter into after that. And she called me three months later, and was like, so are you not gonna talk to me? And I was like, you're the one that doesn't talk to me. And she was like, well, let's just let's just try to make this work. And so we, you know, it took probably five to six years for my family to kind of fully integrate my, you know, my, my lifestyle as they, as they call it. The magic word of magic word. Yeah.John Fiege Yeah, wow. Well, you know, that's just what you need, right in the middle of college trying to adapt to, you know, crazy new culture and world is for your family to reject you.Layel Camargo Yeah, yeah. It's definitely one of those things that like a lot of queer LGBTQ folks. I, I feel like it's so normalized to us, right? And it's just like, well, when you come up, just expect to lose everything. And I think it is it now until I'm like, in my 30s, that I realized how painful that is, and how, like, it's just like, you know, one of the core things I think, as a human species is to know that you belong somewhere. And if you don't belong at home, then where do you belong? And I think for many of us, we've had to go through that unconsciously, without really thinking through that we're seeking to belong. And this theme of belonging has been something that's been coming up as I'm I navigate like, my professional career now is that like, I really do want people to feel like they belong somewhere. And the only thing I feel like makes sense as we all belong to the planet. We all belong to the same descendants and how we got here as a species and that I think that's being rejected from my family allowed me to be like weird do I belong? And so I fortunate that I had a best friend who was also queer. I had my queer community I had student governments and students social organizing. And then when I graduated, I was like, wait, like, Where else do I belong? So I went to my natural habitats like to the beach, and I picked up surfing again and scuba diving. And then it was like, Oh, I actually like I belong to the earth. Like, that's where I belong.John Fiege That's beautiful. Yeah. I love that. Oh, I am hearing some background noise.Layel Camargo Is it audio? Or is it just like,John Fiege people laughing?Layel Camargo It's my partner's on an Akai here, I'm going to shoot her a quick text. She like gets really loud because she gets so excited. Just going to share a quick text.John Fiege So before coming to climate justice work, you worked as an organizer with the Bay Area transformative justice collective. Can you tell me how your work in transformative justice informed your understanding of the climate crisis and how you approach ecological concerns?Layel Camargo Yeah, so I I organized with transformative justice for about six years. And then I you know, for folks who don't know, transformative justice is an alternative response model to violence, harm and hurt. And so similar to restorative justice, which works with the carceral system, so police, judicial systems, etc. to reform in order to help alleviate some of the biases that exists in the systems, transformative justice, as there's those systems actually don't serve certain communities like migrants, folks like that are trans, just the way that those systems just inherently violate certain people who are not included in our society fairly, was like, transparent justice exists to serve folks who cannot access or choose not to access or use the carceral system. So if you will, if you believe in defunding the police, and let's say you're sexually assaulted, you're probably not going to call the police for a rape kit, because there's probably ways that you've experienced those systems as harmful or violent. So when I started organizing were transferred to justice the spoke to me as somebody who had just come out as trans, somebody who grew up in a mixed status family, have relatives who have been deported. And I realized, like, Oh, it's actually worth investing in alternative models, besides the police. In order for us to get our needs met when crisises do happen, because they happen to all of us. And I was in it for six years, you know, we had built up, I had built a great capacity to work with people who had caused harm people who are caused domestic violence, sexual assaults and transforming their behavior and working towards reparation of relationships and or just like helping victims be able to move on after something like that happens. And it's it wasn't an easy task. And what we would come back to is we would spend like the first front of the months, trying to make sure that people's basic needs were met in order for them to slow down enough to process what had just happened. And basic needs included food included shelter, if they lived near, you know, a toxic site, what was infringing on their health, making sure that they had access to health coverage or health benefits. And that was about 60% of what we're doing was making sure that we could get the basics kind of stable so that they could jump into really honoring what it was a justice look like for them. And in doing this a handful of times, not too many, I will say I didn't think thankfully, we had a team. And so I did wasn't always having to handle everything. And we, the experiences that I did have, I was like, man, if people just had, like, a healthy environment where having to fight for housing wasn't a thing. Like we could just actually say, this is where I was born, this is where I belong, and I'm in relationship with the land. And that's how I feed myself, I clothe myself, like all these things that are kind of like indigenous traditional ways, then people could actually solve a lot of their crisis. He's in the moment without having it to be delayed years or having to rely on for it to get outsourced through the carceral system in order for them to feel like they get a minuscule amount of justice. And so I started to just be more cognizant of the way that we interact with the planet and how are everything from our legal structures to our economic structures are just completely devastating. Our environment that have led for us not to have good air quality for us not to have good clean water for us not to feel like we've belong to the earth that is right beneath us that we like, are in relationship with, with the rest of you know, most of our lives. And I, at the time I was living in West Oakland and I had just looked into the air quality report in the area I lived in, and I had the worst air quality in the whole Bay Area. And I started noticing my dog started developing like little spots on her skin, I started having like a lot of chronic coughing. And I was looking at how much money I was making. And so at the time, I was doing a lot of our pop ups, I was really passionate about zero waste, I cared about veganism, a lot of it was through the planet, and it just slowly started shifting away from Yes, I care about how we respond to violence and harm and all of that. And I want us to have alternatives that meet the needs of folks who fall through the waistline of certain systems. And at the same time, we don't even have clean water to come home to to drink when something violent happens, like we have to go buy it from, you know, a grocery store. Most of us don't even test our tap water anymore, because it's just consistently, we just grew up thinking that it doesn't, it's dirty, it's gross, it's non potable, so Right, right. I think at that moment, my heart just completely was like, I want to dive into this work 100% I want to fight for people to have clean air, like if you can't breathe, then you can't, you can't even do a lot, a lot of things. And so many black and brown people who grew up in rural communities have high rates of asthma have like low life expectancy because of air pollution, to you know, the logistics industry etc. And I just kind of fell in with all my heart in like, if I'm, if I'm against plastic put which at the time I was, like vegan for the planet and vegan for my health. And I was also really passionate about reducing plastic use. And I was like, if these are two things that I care about, I want to do it at a larger scale. So it meant that I had to really make those connections of if I want to end gender based violence, if I want to end large forms of violence, I have to start with the one common thing we have that we're constantly extracting and violating, which is the earth. And I think that that led me towards climate justice, because that is the most critical environmental crisis that we're in at this moment.John Fiege So what is the climate crisis? What what what causes is how do you how do you think about culture as a source of power and strategy for climate crisis?Layel Camargo Yeah, I mean, I this is this is really, you know, this, that this is what I do for my life is I spent the last 7 to 8 years really strategizing around what are the cultural shifts that are needed in order for us to be able to be in right relationship with the planet where things like the climate crisis are not happening, so that we can have an economic system and a political system that is serves the planet and the needs of our of us living and thriving, not surviving, which is I think, what we're stuck in as a global society now. And the, we have like quite a few things to kind of look at historically. And I think that there is a dominance of, which is we now know, it is like white supremacy, which is the idea that one group of human is like better than another group of human, and that because of that, everybody else needs to conform to the languages, the culture, the food, the clothes, the housing structures, that are pervasive, and that in, you know, the Euro centric way of living, and that has created a monoculture that is now spread at a global scale. And it's even because it's an economic sister in their economic system. Now we have global stock markets. Now we have the extraction at a global scale, for the sourcing of consumer goods that are all homogenous, and there. There's just one kind of how we do things. And I think the crisis that we're in is the ways that human have removed ourselves from our natural biodiversity relationships with our ecological systems. And then as removing ourselves we have are allowed for the rupture of a relationship that is very needed, which is if we're not integrated into the trees that are natural in our environment into trimming certain invasive species and supporting other biodiverse relationships around us, then we're crippling the ability of the soil to be healthy of the air to have the most amount of oxygen Have you Now we know that we need to be trapping carbon at such high rates. And I think that with a crisis that we're in is that we've allowed and have fallen victims to white supremacy, which was facilitated by colonization, that I, you know, that dominance of one group of people in the way of existing, and I think that's where we're at. I mean, if you look at the kelp forests, the kelp forest needs the otters, they need the, the sea urchins. But when you remove the otters and the sea urchins, you know, are not being preyed upon at a normal scale. And that's, you know, we're connecting it to white supremacy, let's assume that the sea urchins are like the dominant and because they're, they're the ones that ruled the kelp species are starting to be eradicated, and some of them are becoming a threat of extinction. And without a healthy kelp forests, you don't have healthy oxygen and maintenance of the acidification in the ocean, which, you know, couple that with global warming, and you basically have the rapid eradication of so many other natural ecosystems in the ocean that we need to survive. And so when you have one species dominating over another, it leads towards a crisis. So I think we're in a imbalance of relationships because of, of white supremacy. And that's what's causing the climate crisis we have. We have a monoculture. And so just as you look at mono cropping, as you look at anything that eradicates the health of the soil, because it doesn't have the reciprocal relationships that it needs from other crops, and are the resting in order for the soil to be healthy. This might not be speaking to everybody who's listening. But it makes sense that like, Yeah, definitely. The environment crisis is a symptom of Yes. Oh, the climate crisis is a symptom of a larger systemic problem.John Fiege Yeah. And in so many ways, white supremacy was created by colonialism, like, white supremacy is the cultural system that in some ways had to emerge to justify the political and economic brutality of colonialism. You know, it was a it was it was a way of organizing and understanding the world that justified these terrible things that were happening. And they're so it goes so much hand in hand.Layel Camargo Yeah, definitely. Yeah, I mean, I feel like I could talk about this for hours, because there's just so many ways in which we can break it down to the minute level. And then there's so many ways that we can think about solutions. And a lot of my my work and my passion is really bringing as much power as I can to black, indigenous and people of color. Because the retention of culture, language, and different ways of engaging with the world, everything from how we grow our food to how we dress and what we celebrate. And where we honor is what's going to help us be more resilient towards the impending and the realism of what the climate crisis means to a lot of our communities.John Fiege Yeah, totally. Yeah. And you're you're living and working at this really interesting intersection between ecological justice, queer liberation and indigenous culture. Can Can you talk a bit about the intersections of your identity and cultural background and their importance to you and how you orient yourself to this work?Layel Camargo Yeah, definitely. So as I mentioned, I'm a descendant of the Yaki and the Mio tribes in the Sonoran Desert. And I didn't really realize how much this matter to me, I think till about like five to six years ago, because I grew up because of the borders. Technically, I'm Mexican descent, and Mexican American salesperson in this country. But the Mexican government is similar to what we're talking about white supremacy was created by European settlers and, and a hybrid of mixture of stealing of indigenous cultures. And there are so many subgroups of different indigenous cultures. And my heritage is that both my grandfather and my grandmother's tribe as they were nomadic, and they used to migrate up and down the Sonoran Desert, before the border was there from seasonally for survival. And there's so many ways that like food that we eat, how we dress, how we talk that I didn't realize like, Oh, that makes me so much more than just Mexican American. It makes me more than just Latinx. And I think my background and being in such close proximity to immigration and the necessity of immigration or to survive because my grandmother came to Tijuana because it was industrialized and she needed work. And so when they migrated, they like left everything behind. And they never went back. Like, I think so many people leave their home, thinking that they're going to go back and they don't, their children are born in different places. And eventually, that led me to be born in a different country. And so because of that background, I am so keen to issues around native sovereignty and land back here in the United States is like the retention of keeping people in the place of their origin is a climate solution. It's a way of keeping that ancestral knowledge in the place that is needed. I mean, here in Northern California, we look at the wildfire crisis, and it's due to climate change. And it's also due to the lack of forest management, that our indigenous relatives that are native to that area have been robbed of the opportunity to maintain those forests at the scale, which is needed in order to adapt and prepare for wildfires. Yeah,John Fiege yeah, with with the prescribed burning, and all that maintenance that used to happen. That was invisible in so many ways to the European colonists, they didn't even understand that that was going on, or how it worked.Layel Camargo Yeah, and I feel like, you know, it goes back to the monoculture. And I think, because I have indigenous ancestry, because I understand the nature of needing to migrate. And the realities of migrant experience, I think I feel so passionate about keeping people in their place of origin as much as possible, and allowing for people to move freely when they have to. And I think as as the climate crisis gets worse, I started to realize just what a disservice we have made by instilling borders by having governments that have been so gatekeeping and operating off of scarcity, that we've kind of mandated a world where people can move freely people, and people have to leave their place of origin. And that these two paradox that we exist in, is creating the dehumanization of a group of people that if you cannot sustain yourself in your place of origin, because of global extraction, by the way, because of environmental degradation and the economic viability of your area, and how that creates wars and mass extraction, that that is why people migrate. But yet those same people who are creating those systems that make it difficult for you to stay in your place of origin have also created borders to not let you move freely. That paradox to me is also part of this climate crisis as because many of us are going to have to leave john, at some point, there's going to be floods, there's going to be hot water, we're experiencing a drought prices in California, I'm actually living between northern California and Southern California already. And a lot of it is because of the wildfires and my family's down here. And my family's at threat of sea level rise by living in San Diego, which San Diego filed a lawsuit against Exxon and Chevron. And I think one or two other oil companies is we're all we're all existing now in this global climate crisis, that it's not quite in our face every day, but we feel it seasonally now, so we're gonna have to be able to move. Right? So yeah, and last to say is like similar to my cultures I have I lived with an end an endocrine illness. And so air pollution is something that could severely impede my ability to reproduce my ability to function. At this point, I spend about four to five days a month in bed, working from bed, and I'm fortunate enough that I get to work remotely. But for a lot of people, we're going to see more and more ways in which the mass destruction of the planet which has led to the climate crisis is how we become to adopt ways of having different abilities or not being able to live our day to day function. So yeah, the intersecting points are just, they're overwhelming. And I think a lot of us are starting to feel that more as things start to kind of get a little worse.John Fiege Right, right. Yeah, I was talking to, to my partner the other day, she was she was talking to a fellow activist about this idea of ableism. And how, you know, so much of the discourse around it is you know, what are your abilities and, and this, this person was talking about how it it's how unstable that is. Like you can be able bodied today and tomorrow, you can be not able bodied in the same way. Because of, you know, like you say the changing air quality or something happens, or you just you're getting old, or you get sick. And it's one of those things that we've so ignored as a culture of what, what ableism really means about our assumptions about the world.Layel Camargo And like the economic viability and how our economic system is just so dependent on us being fully productive 24 seven, which I made a video on this called The Big Sea, which talks about the intersecting points of labor and how the labor crisis is actually the root of our climate crisis. Because if we can have people have a bigger imagination around how they can use their bodies, to serve their own needs, instead of serving the needs of corporate interests, how that would actually alleviate a lot of pressure on the planet. And that that would potentially lead to our most successful outcomes in regards to the climate crisis.John Fiege Yeah, totally, totally. Well, can you tell me about decolonizing conservation in the environmental movement and what that looks like to you?Layel Camargo Yeah, so I, I started during the beginning of the pandemic, I started a nonprofit called shelterwood collective, which is black and brown and indigenous queer folks who are aiming to steward land at the time, I was aiming to sort of land a month ago, we acquired a 900 acre camp in cassada, California, and Northern California and our team is about conservation efforts, specifically with forest resiliency against wildfires. Taking Western Western practices of conservation, mixing them with indigenous practices that are similarly to conservation. And I feel like when we think about conservation efforts, a lot of them have been dictated by European ways of thinking through conserving natural environments, which a lot of it is like humans are bad, nature must be left uncared for. And this does such a disservice because our indigenous ancestors knew that in order for a forest to be thriving, we needed to be in relationship with it, we needed to monitor monitor it, if there was a fun guy or a virus that was spreading their disease, that we could actually help it, he'll help trees, he'll help it spread less, if there was fires that were coming that we could trim, and tend and do controlled burns, if there was, you know, sucks anything happening where a species was struggling, that we could help support its growth and its population by you know, hunting its predators. And so I think that, that is the challenge between indigenous conservation efforts are traditional ways of just being in relationship with the natural environment and conservation is the western conservation is that we have been so removed from what it means to protect water systems, what it means to protect forests, that now we have a crisis of mismanagement we have and that more and more countries are adopting European Western perspectives because of the dominance that white supremacy has instilled that there are certain group of people that know more than we do. And that's just that's created, at least for me feels very heavy on when it comes to wildfires. There is certain areas in Northern California where there have been residential communities that have been built on wildfire lines that we know now, indigenous people knew that like every 30 years, for every 50 years, there would be a wildfire that would run through that area. And now that we're not that it's getting hotter, the gap of that time is getting shortened. And also that we're realizing that the years, hundreds of years of mismanagement, and lack of tending has led to also these extreme wildfires, that's now causing casualties outside of wildlife. And I feel like conservation needs to evolve. I think that there needs to be more understanding around the harm that Western conservation has done to not only the ecosystems but to the people who have traditionally been keeping those ecosystems. And I do feel like it's like it's evolving. I just think that it's not evolving as fast as we need. And unfortunately, with the climate climate crisis, we're gonna have to really come to recognize what do we need to move really fast on on what can wait because it just feels like Everything's urgent, we need to save the oceans as much as we need to save the forest as much as we need to Save the Redwoods as much as we need to take the rain forests and it just feels like and and that is like the natural environment, then we have like the growing list of extinction, threats of extinction for certain animals. And I think that I don't know why just came to my head. And then you have people like Bill Gates who want to eradicate a whole mosquito species. So it just feels like we're gonna have to pick and choose our battles here. And I do feel like coming to reckoning around the harm that this pervasiveness in western conservation, which isn't the idea that sometimes we are harmful to, you know, our natural ecosystems isn't a bad one. Yeah, we are. But how we got here was by completely removing ourselves and not knowing how to take care of those ecosystems, had we been in a relationship with them for the last 100 years, maybe we wouldn't be so wasteful, maybe we would have caught air pollution sooner than then our body is telling us, hey, we don't like this, this is bad, we're gonna die sooner if you keep doing this. And I think that that is a disservice. So it's beautiful to see more forest schools popping up for young people. It's beautiful to see more conservation groups trying to bring in indigenous leaders into the conversations. But I do feel like that overall idea needs to shift. And I also think that the land back movement, which is returning national parks back to indigenous hands, is going to help alleviate some of those major tensions that do not honor that certain people have been doing this for hundreds of years. And if we don't return it in this generation, we just run the risk of losing more language, more culture and more practices that we need at a larger scale.John Fiege Yeah, in protecting ecosystems is just not a complete picture of everything that's needed. Like as you say, it's important on some level, but it's it's not it's not a whole, it's not a whole understanding of of the problem or how to address it. There reminds me I was I was just reading or rereading a bit of Robin wall kimmerer book braiding sweetgrass, and she talks, she talks about this very issue a bunch about, you know, sweet grass in particulars is something where there's this, this back and forth relationship between humans and nature. And she talks about teaching one of her University classes up here in New York, and asking them at the beginning of the semester, you know, whether people are bad for the environment, and almost everybody says yes. And we alsoLayel Camargo have this this perception of we are bad. Right?John Fiege Yeah. Yeah, this Western guilt is pervasive in that as well. Which is,Layel Camargo which is facilitated by religion? Yes, religion has a very good job of making us feel like we are horrible for everything that we have sent us that we need to repent for our whole existence as like, going from embryo to sperm is actually a sin itself. So we're born with so much already on our shoulders.John Fiege I was gonna say Catholic guilt, but I feel like at this point, it's so much broader than that. Yeah, it is. So you work with the Center for cultural power. And, and one of the main projects you've done with them is climate woke. And I'd like to start by saying how much i'd love the artwork of the logo. It says climate woke. And it's in, in the style of this fabulous flashback 1980s airbrushed t shirts, with, you know, rainbow colors and sparkles. And it feels like there's so much meaning embedded in the artwork. And I wondered if you could tell me about climate woke, how the project emerge, but also like how this logo artwork reflects what this project is.Layel Camargo Yeah, so we when we started thinking about what climate woke would be, we didn't know what's going to be called climate woke it was through several meetings with different community partners, different funders and other stakeholders, where we kind of discussed that we wanted a unifying symbol for all the communities that we had been meeting and we kind of landed that we wanted something to look good to represent black Dan Brown young people between the ages of 16 to 25, something that was appealing that somebody would wear with pride. And, you know, at the time, there was a lot of like, different stuff coming up around the importance of wokeness. The it wasn't used as how we use it now, which is like political correctness. It's, it's, it's not where it is now. And so we decided to kind of ride on the, the term itself climate woke, which talks about uses black vernacular very intentionally that this is a racialized issue. And we spoke with several leaders in the black community, and at the time, it felt like it made sense. And, and so we kind of quickly were like, this makes sense kind of work. We want people to wake up to a climate crisis, but also be like down and enjoy it. And that it's different than this doom and gloom narrative that we constantly see when it comes to the environment. As it is kind of depressing when you think about it. But so we wanted it to feel like inviting. And at the time, which I think was like 2017 2018. All these like 90s was like coming back. So we sat with like two or three potential designers, and we didn't really like what we saw. And then it was heavy and agile that he Guess who is kind of a co creator of this. Also, like a globally recognized artist who was like, hold on, I got this and just like hopped on her computer through some colors, did some and we were like, We love it. Like we just love it. We wanted it to be bright. We wanted it to be inviting. And I feel like we've been successful just two weeks ago actually got a text from my executive producer who works on the planet. Well, content, it was like to send a photo of like, I believe it was a young male of color about 21 or 22 years old wearing a climate woke t shirt. And she was like, do you know where that's from? And he was like, No, I have no idea. And I was like, that's how, you know, we succeeded. Because we popularize something, we made it look so good. People don't necessarily need to make the connections, but they'll be promoting our work. And I'm sure and I get so many compliments when I wear t shirts and sweaters. And so she she told him to look up the videos. And you know, she sent me the photo. And she's like, we've I think we've succeeded. And I was like, I think we succeeded, I think we have you know. But at this moment, we are considering evolving the terminology because it doesn't feel as honoring. And we definitely are very sensitive to the fact that we use black vernacular intentionally. And it's time to kind of give it back and think through like what other ways can we popularize other terms to kind of help. It's about it's about to help kind of build the community because it was about building a group of people kind of drawing in a certain community that wouldn't necessarily be about it. And I feel like that to me was like a, we did it. We did it.John Fiege Yeah, it's it's it's definitely one of those terms that the the right has co opted and really done a number on they. Yeah, they're they're good at stealing those terms and turning them on their head. And usually, honestly, as a as a weapon back the other direction. Can you turn down your volume just to hear again, just noticing when you get excited? I get excited so much. Alright, how's that? Right? Great. Yes. So in a couple of your videos, you talk about what being climate milk means to you. And you say it means one, standing up for communities of color and communities most impacted by climate change, to complicating the conversations on climate in the environment. And three, doing something about it. Can you take me through each of these and break them down a bit?Layel Camargo Yeah, so the first one is, can you repeat it again, that's the firstJohn Fiege standing up for communities of color and communities most impacted by climate change,Layel Camargo right? That's right. Yeah, I've said it so much. And we actually haven't even recorded anything because of the pandemic. So I'm like, I haven't said it in a while. Yeah, standing up for communities of color. I think that that one to me specifically spoke to that. We need black, brown and indigenous people to feel protected and seen when it comes to the climate and environmental crisis. And that's everything from activating people in positions of power to empowering the people who come from those communities to know that this is an intersectional issue. I think that the climate crisis traditionally was like a lot of visuals of melting ice caps, a lot of visuals of the polar bears and you It's interesting because as we're getting more people narrative, I feel like the, we need to get a little bit more people narrative. And we need to return those images a little bit back, because the IPCC report has just been highlighting the rapid rates in which we were losing ice. And I think that when I initially thought of this at the time, there wasn't highlights of how indigenous people were protecting the large scale biodiversity that we have on the planet. There wasn't stories of, you know, urban, black or brown youth trying to make a difference around solutions towards climate change. And so I kind of made it my purpose that climate woke represent those demographics that we that I was important for me that black, brown and indigenous people of color were at the center of the solutions. And the complicated conversations and do something about it was that I actually feel like we have a crisis of binary versus complexity in our society. And I think that how we've gotten into this climate crisis is because everything's been painted. So black and white for us, that if you want a job, you have to be harming the planet, if you want to be unemployed, then. And then like all these hippies that are fighting to save the trees, they're taking away your job, you know. So I feel like there's so many ways in which our trauma responses just look for the patterns have been used against us. And it just felt really important for me, that people feel comfortable to complicate as much as possible, where we're gonna need different angles and different ways of looking at solutions that we need to embrace experimentation, where we need to embrace failures, and we need to really let go of these ideas that technology is going to come in and save us technology is a big reason why we got into this mess. And so I think that complicating the conversation to me was about this is like, if you are black, brown, indigenous, and you want to be a part of the climate crisis, but you have no way of integrating yourself besides talking about gender oppression, go for it, look at look at the leaders in this movement, and look at how many women are fighting and protecting, you know, at a larger global scale that don't get the visibility that they deserve. So I feel like that was my aim is to really invite that complexity. And then let's do something about it is that I don't want things to get stuck on the dialog. One of the biggest failures of the United Nations when addressing these crisises is that they don't have global jurisdiction. So they cannot actually mandate and or enforce a lot of these, it's usually done through economic influence, or like if one if we can get a first world to sign on to a certain agreement, then hopefully, they'll all do it. But then who ends up in implementing it, usually it's not the United States and Europe is not the first one to do it. And yet, we are the biggest global polluters on almost every sector you can think of. And I think that the do something about it is, for me a call to action, that we can talk about this, we can try to understand carbon emissions, methane emissions, global greenhouse, carbon markets, carbon, sequestering drawdown methods, we can talk about it. But if we're not doing it, putting it to practice while integrating these other two points, which is centering communities of color, and embracing the complexity of that, then it's nothing, it's pointless. We're just we're just allowing corporations to keep exploiting the planet and governments can keep, you know, sitting back and saying that they're doing something because they're convening people without actually regulating and putting down their foot for us. So, yeah, I think it was trying to summarize just my general feelings of this movement and the ways that there's been just lack of opportunities by not centering certain other people or allowing there to be more complexity.John Fiege Yeah, there's, I find, watching how those un meetings go down. So frustrating. Yes, just, you know, Time after time. It's just maddening. I'd have a hard time working in that space.Layel Camargo Yeah, I think I was fortunate enough to take I voluntarily took like a law class at pace, Pace University, pace law University, and one of the classes was United Nations policy, and so I got to witness the sub All meetings before that big meeting where Leonardo DiCaprio came out and said that we had a climate crisis, which everybody googled what the climate crisis was, I think it was called climate change. It was like the most time climate change was googled in the history of mankind. And I was sitting in those meetings and just seeing how it really is just a lot of countries just try not to step on each other's toes, because relationships translate into the economic sector, that I'm like, wow, y'all, like legit, don't care about the people you're representing?John Fiege Yeah. Yep. Yeah, it's crazy. Well, I wanted to talk a bit about what environmental justice means to you. And I thought we could start with your video called a power to rely on. And in your crudest, you include a statistic in the video that says in the US 75% of all houses without electricity, are on Navajo land. And, and then one of the people you interview in the video with Leah, John's with a group called native renewables, says, whoever controls your water and your power controls your destiny. And that's really powerful statement. Can Can you talk a bit about your experience working on this video, and how it impacted your thinking about environmental justice?Layel Camargo Yeah, so I, I realized that I'm really passionate about renewable energy and alternatives to energy capturing, probably through working on this video. And when we were first thinking about what themes we were going to cover, that's usually how I approached most of the climate world videos as I tried to talk to a few community partners. But mostly, I just do a lot of like, cultural observation, just like what are some of the themes that feel that are kind of resonating for people outside of the sector. So what's resonating for folks outside of the environmental justice world, and, you know, land back native sovereignty is something that's been popularized, especially after the Standing Rock camp, the no dapple camp, and I was noticing that it was kind of dwindling down. But a lot of data was coming up around the fact that a lot of indigenous communities are either sitting around and or holding and protecting 80% of the global biodiversity. And so something that how I approached this video was I wanted to show the native sovereignty piece with the land back as well as my passion for alternatives to our current energy use. And what Haley Johns is somebody who was recommended to me by Jade bug guy who's also featured in the videos, a dear close, like cultural strategist, filmmaker, co conspire in the sector. And she would I had initially approached her and said, I want ndn collective, which is what she works to kind of help us think through the script. And she said, Yeah, we're down and like, we trust you, like, we know you're gonna get the story, right, but we're down. And so it was, it was very easy for us to start with that. And then when I was like, Who do I talk to? They're like, you need to talk to a hayleigh. And I was like, Alright, let's talk to a healer. And so I flew out to Arizona, just to have a scout meeting with her, which I felt like I was chasing her down, because we didn't know she was going to be in Flagstaff, or if she was going to be near Phoenix, like we didn't know. So we were flying in. And we were like, Where are you today? She's like, I'm at my mom's house. I'm with my mom at this hotel. And we're like, Alright, we're coming through. So it felt very, like family off the bat, which now she has been nominated for I forget the position, but it's the internal affairs of Indian energy, energy efforts and some sort. So she's she's doing it at a federal level now. And when I was when I was working on this video, and I had talked to her and I interviewed her as she was giving me a lot of these numbers, and I just realized that, you know, the irony of this country is just beyond what we could imagine. You have a lot of these coal mines that help fuel some of the larger energy consuming cities and in the United States, like Vegas, like la that just consume energy at such high rates that are being powered by coal mines in Navajo or near Navajo Denae reservations. And yet, I was hearing about what halos program and her efforts were just trying to get funding and or subsidies from the government in order to put solar panels on folks his house because the infrastructure doesn't exist. And she was running she's letting me know about that. cost, she's like at $75,000 per house. And then we in order to like run the lines, and that's not even including the solar panel infrastructure. And then if they can't, we can't run the lines, and we're talking about batteries. And she was breaking this all down, I'm like, that is a lot of money. We need to get you that money. And then she started just educating us more through that. So I think I went into this video just knowing that I was going to try to make those connections. But what I realized was that I was actually going in to learn myself, just how much I need to humble myself with the realities that communities who have had less to nothing in certain things, everything from food, to energy to water, have made alternatives that they are, they've already created the solutions like we found one of the elders who had put up one of the first solar panels and Hopi reservation, which I highlighted in my video, she got it 30 years ago, like I, I was flabbergasted that she had the foresight, and the way that she articulated was everything from comfort to entertainment. But at the end of the was she knew she needed power. And she runs a business, the local business won a very few on the reservation that she was passionate enough to keep alive. And so this video just showed me that like, wherever you go, where there has been disenfranchisement, that's where you will find solutions. Because a lot of people have just making do for a long time, it just hasn't been seen, it hasn't been highlighted. Those are the people that like the UN should be talking to the you know, our federal government should be listening to.John Fiege Yeah, and I actually wanted to talk to you about Janice de who's the Hopi elder that you mentioned. And, you know, in particular, how it relates to how depth and skillful you are communicating with people from a wide range of backgrounds. in you, you you use humor a lot. And in this power to rely on video, you're sitting down with Janice day. And talking about how she's one of the first people to get solar power 30 years ago. And you asked her whether the first thing she charged with solar power would be a vibrator. And that was that was that was really funny. And all of a sudden, I'm watching with anticipation, asking myself, how is this woman going to react to that question? And you seem to have such a good read on the people you're speaking with. And I was hoping you could talk a bit more about how you communicate so many, so well and so many in so many different spaces and how you consciously or unconsciously lubricate the relationships with humor.Layel Camargo Yeah, I've been I I think a lot of it is my passion for humor has come from has been maintained by a lot of data and information that I've gotten around just the importance of people being able to process things through laughter. And that the climate crisis is nothing to make mockery and or to laugh, there's this is very serious. The ways in which our species is kind of being at threat of extinction, and right before our eyes. But I think that as humans, we're so complex and layered, and we're so beautiful in the sense that we get to feel so intensely and feeling is what motivates us to take action. And laughter helps you process so much data quicker, it helps you be able to take something in, embrace it, release, and then have it make an impression that is the one line that everybody brings up with that video. So I made the impression. And I hope that people watched it and then wanted to show it to other people. And so I think that, that that knowledge has retained my passion for humor. And then like I said, You know, I grew up in an abusive home where we had to process things fairly quickly in order to be able to function in the world to go to school to go to work. And growing up in a home where there was a lot of violence. I learned how to read people very keenly everything from anticipating when something was going to happen tonight, and I speak about that pretty like nonchalantly because I think a lot of us have a lot of strategies and skills that we've developed because of our traumas and our negative experiences that we've had in the world. And I think they don't often get seen as that we'll just say like, Well, I was just really I'm just really good at reading people and we'll leave it at that and it's like, but what is your learn that from like, there have been many chronic situations where you had to be really good at reading people in order for you to like practice it so clearly in it skillfully. And so I think I honor my experience in that in order for me to do that. And then I think cultural relativity and cultural content petencies is another thing like, Janice de actually reminds me a lot of my grandmother and my grandmother was somebody who was very religious. And at the same time, I always loved pushing her buttons. I would just like try to say things to get her activated. And I knew at the end of the day, she loved me. And that was about it. I didn't have to question whether she loved me because she was upset that I asked her something and appropriately. So I think it's a combination of that. And I'm grateful that I can embody that and be able to offer it to people who are curious about climate change and and feel more invited through laughter than they would about doom and gloom or heavy statistic videos and our ways of gathering information.John Fiege Awesome. Well, another kind of video you made is called consumerism, cancelled prime. And the first shot is you waiting while the camera crew sets up the shot and you're putting items in your Amazon cart on your phone. And then the quote unquote real video begins. And and you say 80% of California's cargo goes through the Inland Empire. And then you yell along expletive that's beeped out. And you ask emphatically his climate, wrote, his climate woke about to ruin amazon prime for me. And and I love how rather than just saying Amazon, or Amazon customers are bad. You're starting by implicating yourself in this system that leads to serious environmental justice issues. And again, it's really funny. Can you talk more about the situation with Amazon and other real retailers? And and how you went about positioning yourself in this story, and using humor again, and self criticism to connect to the audience?Layel Camargo Yeah, I mean, when we first started working on this video, we explore different avenues of that opening scene, when we wanted to highlight community members, I kind of at this point, have a pretty good like tempo of what it is that I want. I want a community member I want somebody who's like academic or scientifically based, and then somebody else who kind of comes in allows her to be more of a creative flow. So we have a pretty good structure at this point of the voices that we seek, we just didn't know how we wanted to hook the audience. And we went back and forth quite a bit on this, the thing that kept coming up was amazon prime memberships are very common. Most people have them most people buy on e commerce and this is pre COVID. And I was keenly aware of that I also knew that Amazon was growing as a franchise to now own Whole Foods that were just like expanding in regards to what it is that they offer people online. And as I mentioned, I, through my passion for reduction of plastic usage and plastic consumption, and plastic waste, I understand the ways that ecommerce has really hurt the planet. So I myself am not an Amazon Prime member, I I don't actually buy online and I allow myself when needed one Amazon thing a purchase a year. And it's like kind of more of a values align thing. So in order for me to reach connecting with somebody who's kind of a little bit more normal in regards to needing to rely on buying online, is I just had to exaggerate what I think happens when you're shopping, which is you look at a lot of stuff, you add them to cart, you get really excited, and then you kind of mindlessly click Buy without knowing what's going to happen. But you're excited when it arrives, surprisingly, because maybe you bought it in the middle of the night while drinking some wine and watching some Hulu. So that's like what I was trying to embody. And then what I was really trying to highlight in this video was I wanted to invite audiences to not feel shame about what they do, like we are we've all been indoctrinated by the system through what our education has taught us. Like we have values of individualism and patriotism and all these things, because that's what we were taught in schools. And that's been used and co opted by corporations in order for us to continue exploiting other humans and the planet. And that's by no fault of our own. That's a design that's an economic model that was designed since the Great Depression. It's just the way that it's been exaggerated and has scaled so quickly is beyond our control where our governments don't even regulate it anymore at the ways in which they should be. And I think that I wanted this to feel like it's not just on you as an individual, but it's specifically if you live in Europe or in the United States. You need to know that we are The biggest consumers on the planet, we have the most economic resources. We actually, if even a fraction of the United States decided to stop shopping at Amazon, we could significantly bring that Empire down. I say Empire pretty intentionally. And we could I mean, I feel like you. And that's and how I understand economics is that all you need to do is impact 10 to 20%. of supply and demand chain in order for a whole corporation to collapse. The problem is, is that our governments always come in to aid these large corporations that are hurting us on the planet by saying that they want to maintain jobs and maintain a GDP are going stock market, which they're reliant on. So this video was meant for audiences. And for people to feel like this is not just on you. But if you live

هل استعملت قبل كدا setTimeout علشان تستني CSS Transition او انيميشن انه يخلص؟ في طريقة احسن بكتير وحتتعلمها معايا في هذه الحلقة. حعدي علي الـ Events المختلفة الي ممكن تستمع ليها وامتي كلاً منهم ممكن يفيدك مع بعض الامثلة الحقيقية والعملية الي حتفرق معاك. الحلقة دي برعاية Prisma لينكات مفيدة: transitionend Event | MDN transition-delay | MDN animationend Event | MDN Popovers and Floating UIs | Untyped transition cancel with dialog transitions demo Abort Signals | Untyped

في الحلقة دي بتكلم عن الفرق بين مصطلحين متداخلين وناس كتيرة بتخلط ما بينهم لانهم بيوصلوك لنفس النتيجة معظم الوقت. لكن فيه فرق جوهري بين الاثنين، ومعرفة الفرق حتفرق معاك في ازاي بتبني الويب وتحسين مستوي جودة الابليكشن الي انت شغال عليه. وحتكتشف ان فيه اوقات لازم تستعمل واحد منهم لأن الثاني غير مناسب لطبيعة وبيئة وجمهور شغلك. لينكات مفيدة: animation-timeline | MDN scroll-driven animations demos Scroll Driven Animations | Untyped #37 Popovers and Floating UIs | Untyped #34 CSS.supports | MDN Cloudflare Polyfill.io Mirror

هل تسائلت ليه دايما بتسمع ان الـ Forms صعبة لكن مفهمتش ليه؟ ليه ليها مكتبات كتيرة وايه المشاكل الي بيحاولوا يحلوها؟ في الحلقة دي بتكلم عن الـ Forms من اكثر من منظور. اولاً من واقع خبرتي كواحد اشتغل عليها، كواحد استعملها وكواحد عمل مكتبات تساعد ملايين الاشخاص انهم يعملوا Forms وازاي الـ Balance ما بين المناظير المختلفة دي بتفرق في جودة المكتبة الي انت بتستعملها. لينكات مفيدة: FormData Object | MDN Form Data Event | MDN Form Essentials | Vue.js Docs Constraint Validation | MDN Zod :user-invalid psudo class | MDN vee-validate Ahmed Elemam with Abdelaziz Elshamasi Episode FormKit Aria Patterns

In this episode Una and Adam talk about text wrap, a great modern improvement to typography on the web platform. Learn how you can create logical layout rules for your headings and other copy with just one line of code. Resources: text-wrap on MDN → https://goo.gle/3zvwixd  soft breaks → https://goo.gle/4cXKLAq    Una Kravets (co-host) Twitter | Instagram | YouTube Making the web more colorful ✨

Próbki kodu to kluczowy element dokumentacji, a w szczególności dokumentacji dla deweloperów. Dlatego uważamy, że "foo", "bar" i "baz" muszą odejść. Jako kodujący Tech Writerzy spotykamy się zarówno z dobrymi jak i kiepskimi przykładami, dlatego postanowiliśmy podsumować naszą wiedzę i doświadczenia w tym zakresie i zastanowić się jak tworzyć próbki, które są pomocne i łatwe do zrozumienia. Rozmawiamy o dobrych i złych praktykach, o potencjalnych problemach i rozwiązaniach oraz, oczywiście, o narzędziach, które możemy wykorzystać, żeby nasze próbki były jeszcze lepsze. Dźwięki wykorzystane w audycji pochodzą z kolekcji "107 Free Retro Game Sounds" dostępnej na stronie https://dominik-braun.net, udostępnianej na podstawie licencji Creative Commons license CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Informacje dodatkowe: "Never Use Foo, Bar, Baz, etc. in Software Documentation", Tech Your Chance: https://www.techyourchance.com/never-use-foo-bar-baz/ "Online resources to learn how to code", StackOverflow Developer Survey 2022: https://survey.stackoverflow.co/2022/#section-learning-to-code-online-resources-to-learn-how-to-code "Online resources to learn how to code", StackOverflow Developer Survey 2023: https://survey.stackoverflow.co/2023/#section-learning-to-code-online-resources-to-learn-how-to-code "Default behaviour sticks (And so do examples)", Thinkst Thoughts: https://blog.thinkst.com/2023/08/default-behaviour-sticks-and-so-do-examples.html "Code blocks", Docusaurus: https://docusaurus.io/docs/markdown-features/code-blocks rundoc: https://eclecticiq.github.io/rundoc/ "Code samples", Google developer documentation style guide: https://developers.google.com/style/code-samples "Creating sample code", Google Technical Writing: https://developers.google.com/tech-writing/two/sample-code "Guidelines for writing code examples", MDN: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/MDN/Writing_guidelines/Writing_style_guide/Code_style_guide "Write excellent code examples", The Developer Advocacy Handbook: https://developer-advocacy.com/write-excellent-code-examples Dokumentacja React.js: https://react.dev/ Dokumentacja Yarn: https://yarnpkg.com/ Dokumentacja react-router: https://reactrouter.com/en/main Prism.js: https://prismjs.com/ Docusaurus: https://docusaurus.io/ Storybook: https://storybook.js.org/

In this episode Una and Adam continue talking about dialogs and popovers, but this time it's all about animating them into and out of the top layer.. We'll be introducing starting-style, a new mode for transitioning discrete properties, and the overlay property for smooth entry and exit animations.  Links: top-layer CSS spec → https://goo.gle/4c2elUW Four new CSS features for smooth entry and exit animations by Una → https://goo.gle/3KpyB7e Using @starting-style and transition-behavior for enter and exit stage effects → https://goo.gle/452FG7p Popover on MDN → https://goo.gle/453xfss :popover-open on MDN → https://goo.gle/3x5XLVl Dialog and popover animated → https://goo.gle/3Kn1Ck7 Popover animated with nesting → https://goo.gle/3wW3Qns What is the top layer? → https://goo.gle/457rUjQ overlay property on MDN → https://goo.gle/3yKNRsT MDN demos → https://goo.gle/4c2eIyO Una Kravets (co-host) Twitter | Instagram | YouTube Making the web more colorful ✨

في الحلقة دي بتكلم عن الـ Search Engine Optimization، ازاي بيشتغل، وازاي بيفرق معانا في نوع الادوات والـ Frameworks الي بنستعملها وايه اهم الـ Best Practices والـ Meta tags الي محتاجين ناخد بالنا منها. لينكات مفيدة: How Google search works Viewport Meta tag | MDN favicon generator Meta tags for SEO | ahrefs The Open Graph Protocol Open Graph meta tags | ahrefs Google Structured data and rich snippets JSON-LD Google Search Console ahrefs

Why get lost AT Christmas when you can get lost IN it?!?Join Modern Day Nerds MoJoe McCarthy and Stevo Hays, as MDN go deeper into last week's episode, "Kerbobbled HL392" and talk more about making your Christmas Merrier and your Happy Holidays Happier.Here's the episode on YouTube for those who would rather watch these 2 festive fellows, these 2 Modern Day Nerds  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vp5fjF-rw0sContact usLinktree: www.Linktr.ee/HappyLifeStudiosEmail: Podcast@HappyLife.StudioYo Stevo Hotline: (425) 200-HAYS (4297)Webpage: www.HappyLife.lol YouTube: www.YouTube.com/StevoHaysTikTok: www.tiktok.com/@happylifestudiosFacebook: www.Facebook.com/HappyLifeStudios Instagram: www.Instagram.com/HappyLife_Studios Twitter: www.Twitter.com/HappyLifStudios MoJoe StudioMoJoe.StudioIf you would like to help us spread the Happy we would really appreciate itPayPal: www.PayPal.me/StevoHaysCash App: $HappyLifeStudiosZelle: StevoHays@gmail.comVenmo: @StevoHaysTip Jar: buymeacoffee.com/HappyLifeStudioCheck: Payable to Hays Ministries or Steve Hays and send to PO Box 102 Maple Valley, WA 98038

What happens when you mix Happy Life Studios with MoJOE studio? You get a couple of Modern Day Nerds. Join us as MDN talks about a powerful Holiday that has basically been a secret for 25 years. Contact usHappy Life StudiosLinktree: www.Linktr.ee/HappyLifeStudiosEmail: Podcast@HappyLife.StudioYo Stevo Hotline: (425) 200-HAYS (4297)Webpage: www.HappyLife.lol YouTube: www.YouTube.com/StevoHaysTikTok: www.tiktok.com/@happylifestudiosFacebook: www.Facebook.com/HappyLifeStudios Instagram: www.Instagram.com/HappyLife_Studios Twitter: www.Twitter.com/HappyLifStudios MoJoe StudioVoicemail; (657) 246-2236Facebook; www.Facebook.com/moJOEmacPodcast; www.Podomatic.com/podcasts/mojoestudioYouTube; bit.ly/JoeTuberLinkedin; www.Linkedin.com/in/designerjoe/If you would like to help us spread the HappyPayPal: www.PayPal.me/StevoHaysCash App: $HappyLifeStudiosZelle: StevoHays@gmail.comVenmo: @StevoHaysBuy Me A Coffee: buymeacoffee.com/HappyLifeStudioCheck: Payable to Hays Ministries or Steve Hays and send to PO Box 102 Maple Valley, WA 98038

J.C. Derrick is an experienced writer and publisher, working for Marc Media Group and leading the Mainstreet Daily News, serving Gainesville, FL. J.C. has literal "world-class" experience, having worked for World Magazine for several years before signing onto MDN. He discusses journalism in the current age, and why he feels so strongly about this industry.

Le ministre de la Défense nationale (MDN), Bill Blair, a annoncé mercredi qu'il débutait l'abrogation des règles relatives au « devoir de signaler ». Entrevue avec Michel Drapeau, colonel à la retraite et avocat en droit militaire.  Pour de l'information concernant l'utilisation de vos données personnelles - https://omnystudio.com/policies/listener/fr

في الحلقة دي بنتكلم عن ال Web workers وانواعهم المختلفة وامتي بستعمل كل نوع فيهم وبدي امثلة عملية عن الاستخدامات المناسبة لكل واحد فيهم الي استعملتهم فعلياً في شغلي. لينكات مفيدة: Sharing Websocket connections Service workers lifecycle Partytown Concurrency worker scaling example Web workers API | MDN Transferable objects | MDN

Jeremy Garcia, Jono Bacon, and Stuart Langridge present Bad Voltage, in which multiple minutes of pre-show work are awkwardly wasted, we haven’t got a sign on the roof, and: [00:01:39] GPTBot is launched to crawl your websites and add their technological distinctiveness to its own model, and there is discussion of robots.txt changes [00:11:08] MDN, […]

Thunderbird is thriving on small donations, Syncthing is a super-cool continuous file sync program, LLMs are so hot right now and they're making vectors hot by proxy & MDN defines a Baseline for stable web features.

Thunderbird is thriving on small donations, Syncthing is a super-cool continuous file sync program, LLMs are so hot right now and they're making vectors hot by proxy & MDN defines a Baseline for stable web features.

Thunderbird is thriving on small donations, Syncthing is a super-cool continuous file sync program, LLMs are so hot right now and they're making vectors hot by proxy & MDN defines a Baseline for stable web features.

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.05.05.539561v1?rss=1 Authors: Wu, W., Hoffman, P. Abstract: Ageing is associated with increases in functional activation, which have been interpreted either as compensatory responses to the higher task demands older people experience, or as neural dedifferentiation. Ageing is also characterised by a shift to greater reliance on prior knowledge and less on executive function, whose underlying neural mechanism is poorly understood. This pre-registered fMRI study investigated these questions within the domain of semantic cognition. To disentangle the compensation and dedifferentiation theories, we extracted activation signal in core verbal semantic regions, for young and older participants during semantic tasks. Verbal semantic processing relies heavily on left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) but older people frequently show additional right IFG activation. We found that right IFG exhibited a similar linear activation-demand relationship as left IFG across age groups and semantic tasks, indicating that age-related over-recruitment of this region may be compensatory in nature. To answer the second question, we examined network-level activity and connectivity changes in semantic and non-semantic tasks. Older people showed more engagement of the default mode network (DMN) and less of the executive multiple demand network (MDN) aligning with their greater reserves of prior knowledge and declined executive control. In contrast, activation was age-invariant in regions contributing specifically to executive control of semantic processing. Older adults also showed a degraded ability to modulate MDN activation as a function of demand in the non-semantic task, but not in the semantic tasks. These findings provide a new perspective on the neural basis of semantic cognition in later life, and suggest that preservation of activation in specialised semantic networks may support preserved performance in this critical domain. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

13 avril 2023 - Les opinions du barbu, chevelu et du rien sa tête! Shamelessplug Hackfest 2023 - 15e édition - Réservez votre hôtel - 12-13-14 Octobre 2023 FORMATIONS: 9 AU 12 OCTOBRE POLARCON - JOURNÉE GESTIONNAIRES: 12 OCTOBRE - 10H À 18H COCKTAIL D'OUVERTURE: 12 OCTOBRE - 18H CONFÉRENCES ET VILLAGES: 13 ET 14 OCTOBRE CTFS: 13 AU 14 OCTOBRE (24H) Join Hackfest/La French Connection Discord Join Hackfest us on Mastodon Formulaire Histoire de gouvernement Nouveau podcast avec Jacques- SAUVÉ en conversation! Sujet d'opinion Si c'est le MDN qui le dit, ça transpire quelque chose de sérieux…. Déclaration de la ministre de la Défense nationale – Cybermenaces ciblant les infrastructures essentielles De : Centre de la sécurité des télécommunications Canada Nouvelles 97 failles colmatées dans le patch tuesday d'avril, dont 7 failles RCE critiques Faille dans les véhicules Hyundai et Kia: 14 accidents, 8 morts, et un patch…bientôt…. Cyberattaques: les PME, des victimes idéales Cyber company Darktrace gets caught up in LockBit gang's apparent blunder Crew Jacques Sauvé Patrick Mathieu Steve Waterhouse Crédits Montage audio par Hackfest Communication Musique par Ben Rama - School Of HGard Knocks - Simulation Locaux virtuels par Streamyard et CleanFeed

Natasha chats with James about acting, music with a purpose, being a special kind of bride and the Urkaine! Follow her on IG @NatashaBlasickReal Natasha Blasick is an actress, model, producer and musician originally from Odesa, Ukraine on the Black Sea and currently portrays Svetlana the mail-order bride in the mind-bending Peacock series Paul T. Goldman. She also stars opposite Gerard Butler, Jeremy Piven, Eva Longoria, and Jamie Foxx in in the upcoming comedy feature All-Star Weekend, which marks Foxx's directorial debut. In the upcoming feature, Moms Rising she plays Luba Tryszynska, the “Angel of Bergen Belsen,” who saved the lives of fifty-two children during the Holocaust in World War II. The prolific actress also has a starring role in Karaganda, a post-Soviet, Eastern European organized crime action/thriller, and she appears in the acclaimed live-action video game Immortality, which premiered at the 2022 Tribeca Film Festival, and was just the recipient for The BAFTA award in the category of Best Narrative for the live action video game, Immortality where he portrays Natassia.
 Growing up in Ukraine, Natasha studied dance, acted in many plays, competed in beauty contests, and earned a Masters Degree from Odesa State Economic University in International Economy. One of her earliest memories was performing a solo monologue during which she felt a profound connection to the audience. Their reaction, plus the fact that she was good at memorizing her dialogue, cemented a life-long passion for acting. Ordinarily a shy person, acting empowered Natasha, who soon realized she could do things on stage that were impossible for her in real life. Arriving in the United States, one of Natasha's first breaks was a recurring role in MDN, a sketch-comedy series on Spike TV. She appeared in eight of the ten episodes. She was the swimsuit winner in the Mrs. World contest. One of her first feature leads was in the found-footage horror thriller Paranoid Activity 2. Natasha's additional feature credits include: Meet the Spartans, Dark Crossing, Nomad: The Beginning, The Black Russian, The Martial Arts Kid, Loves Me, Loves Me Not, Playing With Dolls, Blood Pageant, and Hollywood Laundromat. Her episodic television credits include: NCIS, Country Comfort, Jean-Claude Van Johnson and There's…Johnny. #urkraine #paultgoldman #natashablasick #jameslottjr

Samedi 10 décembre à 21h15, le très beau film documentaire "Sur les pas de Marie" coproduit par Adamis productions et MDN productions, sera diffusé pour la première fois sur C8. Documentaire signé Emmanuel Descombes évoque spécialement l'histoire des plus grands sanctuaires de France (Le Puy-en-Velay, Notre-Dame de Boulogne, Rocamadour, Chartres, Sainte Anne d'Auray (avec la Troménie de Marie), Cotignac, La Rue du Bac, La Salette, Fourvière, Lourdes, Notre-Dame de la Garde à Marseille, Notre-Dame de Paris, avec de nombreux témoignages. 

2022-11-01 Weekly News - Episode 170Watch the video version on YouTube at https://youtu.be/kvjYGC9Obf0Hosts:  Gavin Pickin - Senior Developer at Ortus Solutions Daniel Garcia- Senior Developer at Ortus Solutions Thanks to our Sponsor - Ortus SolutionsThe makers of ColdBox, CommandBox, ForgeBox, TestBox and all your favorite box-es out there. A few ways  to say thanks back to Ortus Solutions: Like and subscribe to our videos on YouTube.  Help ORTUS reach for the Stars - Star and Fork our ReposStar all of your Github Box Dependencies from CommandBox with https://www.forgebox.io/view/commandbox-github  Subscribe to our Podcast on your Podcast Apps and leave us a review Sign up for a free or paid account on CFCasts, which is releasing new content every week BOXLife store: https://www.ortussolutions.com/about-us/shop Buy Ortus's Book - 102 ColdBox HMVC Quick Tips and Tricks on GumRoad (http://gum.co/coldbox-tips)  Patreon Support ( amazing )Goal 1 - We have 42 patreons providing 100% of the funding for our Modernize or Die Podcasts via our Patreon site: https://www.patreon.com/ortussolutions. Goal 2 - We are 32% of the way to fully fund the hosting of ForgeBox.io News and AnnouncementsICYMI - Hacktoberfest 2022HERE'S WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW TO PARTICIPATE AND COMPLETE HACKTOBERFEST:Register anytime between September 26 and October 31Pull requests can be made in any GITHUB or GITLAB hosted project that's participating in Hacktoberfest (look for the “hacktoberfest” topic)Project maintainers must accept your pull/merge requests for them to count toward your totalHave 4 pull/merge requests accepted between October 1 and October 31 to complete HacktoberfestThe first 40,000 participants (maintainers and contributors) who complete Hacktoberfest can elect to receive one of two prizes: a tree planted in their name, or the Hacktoberfest 2022 t-shirt.https://hacktoberfest.com/ Ortus Blog about Hacktoberfest - https://www.ortussolutions.com/blog/october-is-here-and-that-means-hacktoberfest Gavin and Daniel both ordered their T-Shirts!!!New Releases and UpdatesCBWIRE v2.1 ReleasedCBWIRE, our ColdBox module that makes building reactive, modern CFML apps delightfully easy, just dropped its 2.1 release. This release contains mostly bug fixes and also the ability to create your UI templates directly within your CBWIRE component using the onRender() method.We've added an example of using onRender() to our ever growing CBWIRE-Examples Repo that you can run on your machine locally. https://github.com/grantcopley/cbwire-exampleshttps://www.ortussolutions.com/blog/cbwire-2-1-released ICYMI - MasaCMS v7.3.9 released Update filebrowser.cfc by @jimblesphere in #128 fix empty admin minified JS files replace We Are Orange with We Are North https://github.com/MasaCMS/MasaCMS/releases/tag/7.3.9 Other Masa Linkshttps://github.com/MasaCMS/MasaCMS/discussions/135  https://github.com/MasaCMS/MasaCMS/discussions/136 https://github.com/MasaCMS/MasaCMS/discussions/137  ICYMI - Image Extension 2.0.0.16 BETAImage Extension 2.0.0.16-BETA is available for testing fixes some locking issues on windows major refactoring optional support for commercial Jdeli and/or Apose Imaging jars when available in the classpath (i.e /lib dir) Latest Twelve Monkeys 2 3.9.3 (including lossless WEBP support) previous was 3.8.2 JDeli for example supports HEIC imagesVersion 2 will bundled with Lucee 6.0, but it also works with Lucee 5.3We will be backporting the image locking fixes to the 1.0 branch, which is a blocker for the 5.3.10 releasehttps://dev.lucee.org/t/image-extension-2-0-0-16-beta/11293 Webinar / Meetups and WorkshopsOrtus Event Calendar for Google https://calendar.google.com/calendar/u/0?cid=Y181NjJhMWVmNjFjNGIxZTJlNmQ4OGVkNzg0NTcyOGQ1Njg5N2RkNGJiNjhjMTQwZjc3Mzc2ODk1MmIyOTQyMWVkQGdyb3VwLmNhbGVuZGFyLmdvb2dsZS5jb20 Embeddable Link: https://calendar.google.com/calendar/embed?src=c_562a1ef61c4b1e2e6d88ed7845728d56897dd4bb68c140f773768952b29421ed%40group.calendar.google.com&ctz=America%2FLos_Angeles  Ortus Office HoursWe are starting this a new initiative where some Ortusians will be on a Zoom call and answer whatever questions people have. We are going to start less structured and see how things develop. For this first one we have Grant, Gavin, and Daniel.November 4th at 11am CDT - 1st Friday of the MonthDaniel Garcia will host a variety of Ortus people Office Hours questions & requests form availableRegister in advance for this meeting:https://us06web.zoom.us/meeting/register/tZwvduyvpz8sHNyBiE0ez7Y-49_U-0ivMSUd Ortus Software Craftsmanship Book Club - Patreon OnlyFriday, November 11th at 2pm CDT - 2nd Friday of the MonthClean Code: A Handbook of Agile Software Craftsmanship by Robert Martin (Uncle Bob)We will meet monthly on Zoom, and we'll use the Ortus Community Forum for Patreon to discuss the book.https://community.ortussolutions.com/t/ortus-software-craftsmanship-book-club-clean-code/9432 We will also be rewriting the code from Java to CFML as we proceed through the book.The final result will be here https://github.com/gpickin/clean-code-book-cfml-examples You can get a copy of the book at one of the below links, or your favorite bookstorehttps://amzn.to/3TIrmKm or https://www.audible.com/pd/Clean-Code-Audiobook/B08X7KL3TF?action_code=ASSGB149080119000H&share_location=pdp&shareTest=TestShare Ortus Webinar - Daniel Garcia - API Testing with PostManFriday, November 18th  at 11am CDT - 3rd Friday of the Monthhttps://us06web.zoom.us/meeting/register/tZYqc-uuqzMqGtAO7tQ6qCsN8bR0LyBf8DNP ICYMI - Online ColdFusion Meetup - 300th Episode: A look back and a new direction", with Charlie ArehartThursday, October 27, 2022 at 9:00 AM - 10AMWe did it, reaching episode 300! Join us as we celebrate this momentous anniversary. The Online CFMeetup was formed in 2005 and has been hosted since 2007 by Charlie Arehart, with sessions from over 150 speakers on a wide range of topics related to CF. In this session, we'll celebrate the past and look to the future for the group, where I will propose a new direction/format. All still about CF, of course. Here's to 300 more!https://www.meetup.com/coldfusionmeetup/events/289332692/ Recording: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=76xHooM9Kj4 ICYMI - Ortus Webinar - Step up your Testing with Gavin PickinFriday October 28th at 11am CDTWe all test manually, let's step up our game with some easy, powerful and valuable automated tests with TestBox - even on your legacy codebases.Fewer bugs and errors are the primary benefit of the Testing. When the code has fewer bugs, you'll spend less time fixing them than other programming methodologies. Test Driven Developer produces a higher overall test coverage and, therefore to a better quality of the final product.Register now: https://bit.ly/3EY6SZK Recording on CFCasts: https://cfcasts.com/series/ortus-webinars-2022/videos/gavin-pickin-on-step-up-your-testingCFHawaii - ColdFusion Builder for VS CodeFriday, October 28, 2022 at 3:00 PM to Friday, October 28, 2022 at 4:00 PM PDTMark Takata, the Adobe CF Technical Evangelist for ColdFusion will give a presentation on the new ColdFusion Builder extension for VS Code. During his talk he will discuss:Access built-in support for IntelliSense code completion, better semantic code understanding, and code refactoring.Identify security vulnerabilities and maintain the integrity of your code.Manage your work with extensions, remote project support, integrated server management, a log viewer, and more!Customize every feature to your liking by creating shortcuts, easily formatting and reusing code, and using powerful extensions to better your best.https://www.meetup.com/hawaii-coldfusion-meetup-group/events/288977258/ https://hawaiicoldfusionusergroup.adobeconnect.com/pfhheu0lksfz/?fbclid=IwAR2HVkOv52P2seMj-_mGBx57ylDw5yG3duCvM4iapel2o8egnoUQDnwKc3IICYMI - CFUG Tech Talk - Document Services APIs and You by Raymond CamdenThursday, October 20th, 2022 8:00pm-9:00pm IST (9:30 AM CDT)Most organizations have to deal with documents, from PDFs to various Office formats, managing and processing documents can be overwhelming. In this talk, Raymond will discuss the various Adobe Document Services APIs and how they can help developers manage their document stores.Register: https://www.eventbrite.com/e/document-services-apis-and-you-tickets-428587234957 Presentation URL: https://meet67421977.adobeconnect.com/document-services-apis/ Recording: https://youtu.be/DpCVfVpitwM CF Summit Online Adobe announced today that the “ColdFusion Summit Online” will begin soon, where they will be having presenters offer their sessions again from the CF Summit last month, to be live-streamed and recorded since that couldn't be done in Vegas.https://coldfusion.adobe.com/2022/11/coldfusion-summit-online/ All the webinars, all the speakers from Adobe ColdFusion Summit 2022 – brought right to your screen. All sessions will soon be streamed online, for your convenience. Stay tuned for more! Charlie up first, November 16th, we heard November 23rd is scheduled as well.Adobe Workshops & WebinarsJoin the Adobe ColdFusion Workshop to learn how you and your agency can leverage ColdFusion to create amazing web content. This one-day training will cover all facets of Adobe ColdFusion that developers need to build applications that can run across multiple cloud providers or on-premise.https://coldfusion.adobe.com/2022/10/upcoming-adobe-webinar-on-preview-of-cf2023-date-and-title-change/  WEBINAR - WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 23, 2022 - New Date - New Name10:00 AM PSTThe Road to FortunaMark Takatahttps://winter-special-preview-of-cf2023.meetus.adobeevents.com/ WEBINAR - THURSDAY, DECEMBER 22, 202210:00 AM PSTBuilding Native Mobile Applications with Adobe ColdFusion & Monaco.ioMark Takatahttps://building-native-mobile-apps-with-cf-monaco-io.meetus.adobeevents.com/ FREE :)Full list - https://meetus.adobeevents.com/coldfusion/ CFCasts Content Updateshttps://www.cfcasts.comJust Released Ortus Webinar - Gavin Pickin on Step up your Testing https://cfcasts.com/series/ortus-webinars-2022/videos/gavin-pickin-on-step-up-your-testing  Every video from ITB - For ITB Ticket Holders Only - Will be released for Subscribed in December 2022 ForgeBox Module of the Week Series - 1 new Video https://cfcasts.com/series/2022-forgebox-modules-of-the-week 2022 VS Code Hint tip and Trick of the Week Series - 1 new Video https://cfcasts.com/series/2022-vs-code-hint-tip-and-trick-of-the-week  Coming Soon  More ForgeBox and VS Code Podcast snippet videos Box-ifying a 3rd Party Library from Gavin ColdBox Elixir from Eric Getting Started with ContentBox from Daniel ITB Videos will be released Dec for those who are not ITB Ticket Holders Conferences and TrainingDeploy from Digital OceanNovember 15-16, 2022The virtual conference for global buildersSubtract Complexity,Add Developer HappinessJoin us on the mission to simplify the developer experience.https://deploy.digitalocean.com/ Into the Box Latam 2022Dec 7th, 2022 - 8am - 5pm2 tracks - 1 set of sessions, 1 set of deep dive workshop sessionsPricing $9-$29 USDLocation: Hyatt Centric Las Cascadas Shopping Center,Merliot, La Libertad 99999 El Salvadorhttps://latam.intothebox.org/ VUEJS AMSTERDAM 20239-10 February 2023, Theater AmsterdamWorld's Most Special and Largest Vue ConferenceCALL FOR PAPERS AND BLIND TICKETS AVAILABLE NOW!Call for Papers: https://forms.gle/GopxfjYHfpE8fKa57 Blind Tickets: https://eventix.shop/abzrx3b5 https://vuejs.amsterdam/ Dev NexusApril 4-6th in AltantaEARLY BIRD CONFERENCE PASS - APRIL 5-6 (AVAILABLE UNTIL NOVEMBER 20) (Approx 40% off)If you are planning to speak, please submit often and early. The CALL FOR PAPERS is open until November 15WORKSHOPS WILL BE ON JAVA, JAVA SECURITY, SOFTWARE DESIGN, AGILE, DEVOPS, KUBERNETES, MICROSERVICES, SPRING ETC. SIGN UP NOW, AND YOU WILL BE ABLE TO CHOOSE A WORKSHOP, LATER ON,https://devnexus.com/ VueJS Live MAY 5 & 8, 2023ONLINE + LONDON, UKCODE / CREATE / COMMUNICATE35 SPEAKERS, 10 WORKSHOPS10000+ JOINING ONLINE GLOBALLY300 LUCKIES MEETING IN LONDONGet Early Bird Tickets: https://ti.to/gitnation/vuejs-london-2022  Watch 2021 Recordings: https://portal.gitnation.org/events/vuejs-london-2021 https://vuejslive.com/ Into the Box 2023 - 10th EditionMay 17, 18, and 19th, 2022.Middle of May - start planning.Final dates will be released as soon as the hotel confirms availability.Call for Speakers - this weekCFCampNo CFCAMP 2022, we're trying again for summer 2023TLDR is that it's just too hard and there's too much uncertainty right now.More conferencesNeed more conferences, this site has a huge list of conferences for almost any language/community.https://confs.tech/Blogs, Tweets, and Videos of the Week11/1/22 - Blog - Charlie Arehart - ColdFusion Portal - Join Adobe for “ColdFusion Summit Online”, re-presenting sessions over the next several weeksAdobe announced today that the “ColdFusion Summit Online” will begin soon, where they will be having presenters offer their sessions again from the CF Summit last month, to be live-streamed and recorded since that couldn't be done in Vegas.https://coldfusion.adobe.com/2022/11/coldfusion-summit-online/ 11/1/22 - Blog - Ben Nadel - Preventing Unbounded Full-Table Scans In My ColdFusion Database Access Layer As I've continued to evolve my approach to building ColdFusion applications, one pattern that I've begun to embrace consistently in my data access layer / Data Access Object (DAO) is to block the developer from running a SQL query that performs a full-table scan. This is really only necessary in DAO methods that provide dynamic, parameterized SQL queries; but, it offers me a great deal of comfort. The pattern works by requiring each query to include at least one indexed column in the dynamically generated SQL statement.https://www.bennadel.com/blog/4348-preventing-unbounded-full-table-scans-in-my-coldfusion-database-access-layer.htm 11/1/22 - Blog - Ben Nadel - CFCookie "Expires" Can Use CreateTimeSpan() In ColdFusionAs I've been trying to build-up my knowledge of how Cookies interact with ColdFusion applications, I noticed that the CFCookie tag accepts a "number of days" in its expires attribute. And, the moment I see "days", I think "time-spans". As such, I wanted to see if I could use the createTimeSpan() function to define the cookie expires attribute in ColdFusion - turns out, you can!https://www.bennadel.com/blog/4347-cfcookie-expires-can-use-createtimespan-in-coldfusion.htm 10/31/22 - Blog - Charlie Arehart - ColdFusion Portal - Solving “Failed Signature Verification” when downloading CF updates while using Java 11.0.17 or laterJust a quick note to clarify that if you may apply the new Java updates from Oct 18 2022 (such as Java 11.0.17) and change CF to use that, you will find (for now) that if you then try to download any CF updates using the CF Admin, the update will download but then you'll get an error:“error occurred while installing the update: Failed Signature Verification”Here's good news: there is a solution for that problem, actually a few alternatives you can consider, at least until Adobe resolves the problem for us. For more, see a blog post I did with much more detail - linked in this post.https://coldfusion.adobe.com/2022/10/solving-failed-signature-verification-when-downloading-cf-updates-in-2022/ 10/31/22 - Blog - Ben Nadel - Looking At How Cookies And Domains Interact In ColdFusionIn my previous post on leading dots (.) in Cookie domains, I mentioned that my mental model for how Cookies work leaves something to be desired. Along the same lines, I don't have a solid understanding for when Cookies with explicit / non-explicit Domain attributes are sent to the server. As such, I wanted to run some experiments using different combinations of setting and getting of cookie values in ColdFusion.In order to start exploring Cookie domain behaviors, I went into my /etc/hosts file locally and defined a series of subdomains that all point back to my localhost:https://www.bennadel.com/blog/4346-looking-at-how-cookies-and-domains-interact-in-coldfusion.htm 10/31/22 - Blog - Charlie Arehart - Special offer to upgrade to CF2021 from CF2016 or earlier, saving thousands of dollarsIf you're running CF2016 or earlier, now's your chance (though the end of the year) to save potentially thousands of dollars in upgrading to the latest current version, CF2021. Intergral, the folks who make the FusionReactor monitoring tool and service, are again offering a special deal (that even Adobe is not offering).Read on for more details.https://www.carehart.org/blog/2022/10/31/special_offer_upgrade_to_cf2021_from_cf2016_or%20earlier 10/30/22 - Blog - James Moberg - Undocumented Change to ColdFusion 2021 CFHTMLHead & CFContentAccording to my unit tests, after ColdFusion 2018.0.0-15, Adobe changed the way that CFHTMLHead works with CFContent. Prior to CF2021, any strings that were added to the header buffer via CFHTMLHead was outputted to the HTML HEAD section (or top of the page if you neglected to include a HEAD section) on onRequestEnd even if a CFContent (with or without reset) was performed.https://dev.to/gamesover/change-to-coldfusion-2021-cfhtmlhead-cfcontent-1fj8 10/29/22 - Blog - Ben Nadel - Leading Dots On HTTP Cookie Domains IgnoredI've been using Cookies in my ColdFusion web applications forever. But, I honestly don't have the best mental model for how the low-level intricacies of cookies work. For most of my career, I only ever defined cookies using a "name", "value", and an "expires" attributes — I didn't even know you could define a "domain" until we had to start locking down enterprise-cookies (by subdomain) at InVision. And even now, I'm still fuzzy on how the domain setting operates; which is why something caught my eye when I was reading through the Set-Cookie HTTP header docs on MDN: https://www.bennadel.com/blog/4345-leading-dots-on-http-cookie-domains-ignored.htm 10/28/22 - Blog - Grant Copley - Ortus Solutions - CBWIRE 2.1 ReleasedCBWIRE, our ColdBox module that makes building reactive, modern CFML apps delightfully easy, just dropped its 2.1 release. This release contains mostly bug fixes and also the ability to create your UI templates directly within your CBWIRE component using the onRender() method.We've added an example of using onRender() to our ever growing CBWIRE-Examples Repo that you can run on your machine locally. https://github.com/grantcopley/cbwire-exampleshttps://www.ortussolutions.com/blog/cbwire-2-1-released 10/27/22 - Blog - Ben Nadel - A Database Column For "Date Updated" Has No Semantic Meaning, Nor Should ItWhen I create a new relational database table in my ColdFusion applications, my default operation is to add three columns: the primary key, a date/time for when the row is created, and a date/time for when the row is updated. Not all entities fit into this model (such as rows that can never be updated); but, for the most part, this core set of columns makes sense. The "updated" column has no semantic meaning within the application - it is simply a mechanical recording of when any part of a row is updated. The biggest mistake that I've made with this column is allowing the customers to attach meaning to this column. This never works out well. https://www.bennadel.com/blog/4344-a-database-column-for-date-updated-has-no-semantic-meaning-nor-should-it.htm 10/25/22 - Blog - Charlie Arehart - Upcoming Adobe webinar on preview of CF2023, date and title changeAdobe had announced some weeks ago two upcoming webinars, one as a preview of CF2023 (originally set for Dec 22), and the other on mobile apps with CF and Monaco (originally set for Nov 23).If like me you may have signed up for them, note that sometime recently the dates have been swapped. (Also the name of the preview session has been changed, from “Winter Holiday Special: A preview of ColdFusion 2023” to instead refer to the product code-name instead.)https://coldfusion.adobe.com/2022/10/upcoming-adobe-webinar-on-preview-of-cf2023-date-and-title-change/ CFML JobsSeveral positions available on https://www.getcfmljobs.com/Listing over 143 ColdFusion positions from 79 companies across 66 locations in 5 Countries.1 new jobs listed this weekFull-Time - Sr. Software Engineer - Coldfusion at Delhi, Delhi - India Oct 28https://www.getcfmljobs.com/jobs/index.cfm/india/Sr-Software-Engineer-Coldfusion-at-Delhi-Delhi/11530 Other Online Jobshttps://lighting-new-york.breezy.hr/p/8ddb3ce952b8 Other Job Links Ortus Solutions https://www.ortussolutions.com/about-us/careers  There is a jobs channel in the CFML slack team, and in the box team slack now too ForgeBox Module of the WeekDialpadcfc By Matthew ClementeA CFML wrapper for the Dialpad API. Use it to interact with the Dialpad call and contact center platform to make calls, send SMS, manage your account, and more.What is Dialpad? Experience the future of Ai in the workplaceWith built-in speech recognition and natural language processing, Dialpad Ai is completely changing the way the world works together.This is an early stage API wrapper and does not yet cover the full Dialpad API. Feel free to use the issue tracker to report bugs or suggest improvements!https://forgebox.io/view/dialpadcfc VS Code Hint Tips and Tricks of the WeekGithub CopilotGitHub Copilot is an AI pair programmer that helps you write code faster and with less work. It draws context from comments and code to suggest individual lines and whole functions instantly. GitHub Copilot is powered by Codex, a generative pretrained language model created by OpenAI. It is available as an extension for Visual Studio Code, Visual Studio, Neovim, and the JetBrains suite of integrated development environments (IDEs).GitHub Copilot is not intended for non-coding tasks like data generation and natural language generation, like question & answering. Your use of GitHub Copilot is subject to the GitHub Terms for Additional Product and Features.https://github.com/features/copilot/ https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=GitHub.copilot Thank you to all of our Patreon SupportersThese individuals are personally supporting our open source initiatives to ensure the great toolings like CommandBox, ForgeBox, ColdBox,  ContentBox, TestBox and all the other boxes keep getting the continuous development they need, and funds the cloud infrastructure at our community relies on like ForgeBox for our Package Management with CommandBox. You can support us on Patreon here https://www.patreon.com/ortussolutionsDon't forget, we have Annual Memberships, pay for the year and save 10% - great for businesses. Bronze Packages and up, now get a ForgeBox Pro and CFCasts subscriptions as a perk for their Patreon Subscription. All Patreon supporters have a Profile badge on the Community Website All Patreon supporters have their own Private Forum access on the Community Website All Patreon supporters have their own Private Channel access BoxTeam Slack Live Stream Access to streams like “Koding with the Kiwi + Friends” and Ortus Software Craftsmanship Book Club https://community.ortussolutions.com/ Patreons John Wilson - Synaptrix Jordan Clark Gary Knight Mario Rodrigues Giancarlo Gomez David Belanger  Dan Card Jonathan Perret Jeffry McGee - Sunstar Media Dean Maunder Nolan Erck  Abdul Raheen Wil De Bruin Joseph Lamoree   Don Bellamy Jan Jannek   Laksma Tirtohadi   Brian Ghidinelli - Hagerty MotorsportReg Carl Von Stetten Jeremy Adams Didier Lesnicki Matthew Clemente Daniel Garcia Scott Steinbeck - Agri Tracking Systems Ben Nadel  Richard Herbet Brett DeLine Kai Koenig Charlie Arehart Jason Daiger Shawn Oden Matthew Darby Ross Phillips Edgardo Cabezas Patrick Flynn Stephany Monge   Kevin Wright John Whish Peter Amiri Cavan Vannice John Nessim You can see an up to date list of all sponsors on Ortus Solutions' Websitehttps://ortussolutions.com/about-us/sponsors Thanks everyone!!! ★ Support this podcast on Patreon ★

Endlich spielen wir wieder Glücksrad! Der aus unserer „Mit Gast“-Premiere bekannte Stefan Judis (Twitter, Web), mittlerweile DevRel bei Checkly und Autor des Web Weekly Newsletters, setzte sich zusammen mit Schepp an unser neues MDN-gespeistes und Svelte + WebSockets gepowerte Webtechnologie Glücksrad. Folgendes sprang dabei heraus: [00:01:00] Glücksrad [00:03:28] HTML | global_attributes | spellcheck Ein boolsches […]

Jean-Pierre Charbonneau, président du MDN, nous explique la démarche de son groupe pour en arriver, éventuellement, à une répartition d'élu.e.s plus représentative dans notre Parlement.

This is a special episode recorded live during a live coding session on YouTube (2022-09-16). The audio-only experience might not be the best one, so if you are curious to see the video and enjoy our diagrams and screen sharing, please check this episode on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vVic3oqqqfY. How can you build a WeTransfer or a Dropbox Transfer clone on AWS? This is our fourth live coding stream. In this episode, we started looking into adding some security to our application. Specifically, we started implementing a device auth flow on top of AWS Cognito to allow our file upload CLI application to get some credentials. All our code is available in this repository: https://github.com/awsbites/weshare.click In this episode we mentioned the following resources: Content-Disposition Header on MDN: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/Content-Disposition OAuth 2 Device Auth flow RFC8628: https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc8628 XKCD Comic about password security: https://xkcd.com/936/ crypto-random-string package: https://www.npmjs.com/package/crypto-random-string Dash offline documentation app: https://kapeli.com/dash You can listen to AWS Bites wherever you get your podcasts: - Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/aws-bites/id1585489017 - Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/3Lh7PzqBFV6yt5WsTAmO5q - Google: https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9hbmNob3IuZm0vcy82YTMzMTJhMC9wb2RjYXN0L3Jzcw== - Breaker: https://www.breaker.audio/aws-bites - RSS: https://anchor.fm/s/6a3312a0/podcast/rss Do you have any AWS questions you would like us to address? Leave a comment here or connect with us on Twitter: - https://twitter.com/eoins - https://twitter.com/loige #AWS #livecoding #transfer

Monmouth football alumni Darnell Leslie talks about playing in the NFL, graduating with a double major, owning real estate and his playing time at Monmouth as the Hawks transitioned from the NEC to the Big South. Eddy & Greg cover the Hall of Fame, the most successful Golf Outing in Monmouth history and MDN winning a SVG award for the first time! 

Giovedì 26 maggio sul nostro canale sulla piattaforma di SPREAKER, alle ore 22.00, andrà in onda la nostra trasmissione.L'episodio N.31 chiuderà la quarta stagione del nostro podcast.Focus della puntata sui bilanci di fine stagione con il pagellone in cui i membri della redazione di J-TACTICS daranno i loro (imparziali) voti ai giocatori e dirigenti della vecchia signora bianconera.Non mancherà un'analisi delle varie voci di calciomercato che si susseguono in questi giorni prima dell'apertura ufficiale della sessione estiva.Infine chiacchiereremo in libertà con gli ascoltatori in chat live, come da nostra buona abitudine.Non mancheranno gli affettuosi saluti dei membri della redazione ai nostri affezionati ascoltatori a cui daremo appuntamento alla prossima stagione del podcast più bianconero che ci sia, sarà addirittura la quinta.Mdn sport, associazione sportiva che è dedita al sociale, raccoglie fondi per comperare libri di sport da regalare a tutti, bambini in primis, partecipa con un piccolo contributo alla raccolta:https://gofund.me/86a3fbc4Ovviamente come sempre vi terranno compagnia gli insuperabili ragazzi della redazione di J-TACTICS e di Megliodiniente.com.Diteci la vostra, interagiremo con voi in chat live! ​ ​Ecco i link dei nostri social:CANALE TELEGRAM:https://t.me/joinchat/AAAAAE2Dp-yj5b1N4SNcMQINSTAGRAM:https://instagram.com/jtactics_?igshid=1fg7nrkzhl2mtFACEBOOK:http://m.facebook.com/jtacticsmdn/

Giovedì 19 maggio sul nostro canale sulla piattaforma di SPREAKER, alle ore 22.00, andrà in onda la nostra trasmissione.Episodio N.30 della quarta stagione dedicato principalmente all'ultimo match casalingo della stagione per la Juventus impegnata contro i biancocelesti della Lazio dell'ex Sarri.Pareggio per 2-2, laziali che agguantano il pareggio in zona Cesarini.Risultato ininfluente per i bianconeri che erano già matematicamente certi del 4° posto valido per la prossima Champions League, ma che ha gran valore per gli uomini di Sarri i quali si assicurano un posto nell'Europa League della prossima stagione.Si chiude senza squilli l'annata casalinga della Juventus 21/22, sulla falsariga dell'intera stagione, campionato incolore ed anonimo per gli uomini di Allegri.Ampio focus sarà doverosamente dedicato in questo episodio al doppio addio del capitano di mille battaglie Chiellini che conclude la sua carriera agonistica alla Juve dopo ben 17 anni e della "Joya" Dybala che lascia la vecchia signora dopo 7 anni vissuti intensamente, l'argentino in lacrime e visibilmente commosso al termine della partita.Nel match dello Stadium atmosfera ricca di pathos, un ciclo lunghissimo sembra giunto al termine.Non mancheremo di dedicare attenzione in questa puntata anche alle prospettive della nuova Juve in base ai rumors di mercato sui possibili nuovi innesti, nella speranza di dimenticare il prima possibile una stagione che si chiude amaramente con nessun trofeo conquistato dopo ben 11 anni.Mdn sport, associazione sportiva che è dedita al sociale, raccoglie fondi per comperare libri di sport da regalare a tutti, bambini in primis, partecipa con un piccolo contributo alla raccolta:https://gofund.me/86a3fbc4Ovviamente come sempre vi terranno compagnia gli insuperabili ragazzi della redazione di J-TACTICS e di Megliodiniente.com.Diteci la vostra, interagiremo con voi in chat live! ​ ​Ecco i link dei nostri social:CANALE TELEGRAM:https://t.me/joinchat/AAAAAE2Dp-yj5b1N4SNcMQINSTAGRAM:https://instagram.com/jtactics_?igshid=1fg7nrkzhl2mtFACEBOOK:http://m.facebook.com/jtacticsmdn/

Giovedì 12 maggio sul nostro canale sulla piattaforma di SPREAKER, alle ore 22.00, andrà in onda la nostra trasmissione.Episodio N.29 della quarta stagione dedicato principalmente al big match andato in scena all'Olimpico di Roma tra la nostra Juventus e gli acerrimi nemici dell'Inter, atto conclusivo della coppa Italia 2022.Partita subito in salita per gli uomini di Allegri sotto con il gol lampo del nerazzurro Barella dopo appena 7 minuti di gioco.I bianconeri si svegliano da un torpore che troppe volte li ha colpiti in questa stagione e con un repentino e micidiale uno-due, ribalta la situazione, Alex Sandro e Vlahovic portano la vecchia signora bianconera avanti.Non basta tuttavia, un utilizzo del VAR non propriamente impeccabile, qualche decisione arbitrale più che discutibile ed errori assortiti degli uomini in bianconero consegnano la coppa nazionale all'Inter.4-2 il risultato finale per i milanesi.Non mancherà un'analisi della stagione della Juve oramai praticamente finita con il raggiungimento matematico del 4° posto e la mancata conquista dell'ultimo trofeo disponibile.Una stagione che si chiude amaramente con nessun titolo conquistato dopo ben 11 anni.Mdn sport, associazione sportiva che è dedita al sociale, raccoglie fondi per comperare libri di sport da regalare a tutti, bambini in primis, partecipa con un piccolo contributo alla raccolta:https://gofund.me/86a3fbc4Ovviamente come sempre vi terranno compagnia gli insuperabili ragazzi della redazione di J-TACTICS e di Megliodiniente.com.Diteci la vostra, interagiremo con voi in chat live! ​ ​Ecco i link dei nostri social:CANALE TELEGRAM:https://t.me/joinchat/AAAAAE2Dp-yj5b1N4SNcMQINSTAGRAM:https://instagram.com/jtactics_?igshid=1fg7nrkzhl2mtFACEBOOK:http://m.facebook.com/jtacticsmdn/

Giovedì 05 maggio sul nostro canale sulla piattaforma di SPREAKER, alle ore 22.00, andrà in onda la nostra trasmissione.Episodio N.28 della quarta stagione dedicato all'analisi del match giocato dalla Juve tra le mura amiche dello Stadium contro i lagunari del Venezia, ultimi in classifiche e impegnati nel disperato tentativo di raggiungere una salvezza che avrebbe del miracoloso.Partita vinta dagli uomini di Allegri che soffrono e non convincono nuovamente del tutto.Doppietta del capitano d'occasione Bonucci che festeggia nel migliore dei modi il suo trentacinquesimo compleanno.2-1 il risultato finale in favore dei padroni di cada bianconeri che per effetto del pareggio maturato tra i giallorossi allenati da Mourinho con l'ostico Bologna, conquistano matematicamente a tre giornate dalla fine l'accesso alla prossima Champions League.Risultato non da poco viste le dense nubi che si erano addensate sulla vecchia signora qualche mese fa e che non facevano ben sperare.Focus particolare anche questa settimana sulle semifinali di ritorno della Champions League con i match Villarreal-Liverpool e Real Madrid-Manchester City.Non mancherà uno sguardo al momento della squadra, tra infortuni ed il momento "particolare" vissuto dal nostro bomber Vlahovic, in scarsa vena realizzativa.Con noi l'amico Lorenzo Garbarino di Silent Check podcast, genovese di nascita, tifoso Sampdoriano attraverso il quale analizzeremo il momento vissuto dalle due squadre liguri.Mdn sport, associazi­one sportiva che è dedita al sociale, ra­ccoglie fondi per co­mperare libri di spo­rt da regalare a tut­ti, bambini in primi­s, partecipa con un piccolo contributo alla raccolta:https://gofund.me/86a3fbc4Ovviamente come semp­re vi terranno compa­gnia gli insuperabili ragazzi della reda­zione di J-TACTICS e di Megliodiniente.c­om.Diteci la vostra, in­teragiremo con voi in chat live! ​ ​Ecco i link dei nos­tri social:CANALE TELEGRAM:https://t.me/joinchat/AAAAAE2Dp-yj5b1N4SNcMQINSTAGRAM:https://instagram.com/jtactics_?igshid=1fg7nrkzhl2mtFACEBOOK:http://m.facebook.com/jtacticsmdn/

Giovedì 28 aprile sul nostro canale sulla piattaforma di SPREAKER, alle ore 22.00, andrà in onda la nostra trasmissione.Episodio N.27 della quarta stagione dedicato all'analisi del match giocato dalla Juve in casa dei neroverdi del Sassuolo allenati dal promettente Dionisi.Partita di sofferenza per gli uomini di Allegri, una Juve falcidiata dagli infortuni ha comunque portato a casa tre punti fondamentali per blindare, forse definitivamente il 4° ed ultimo posto valevole per la prossima Champions League, anche alla luce della sconfitta della più immediata inseguitrice, la Roma.Bianconeri che ribaltano l'iniziale svantaggio con i gol dei redivivi Dybala e Kean che fissano il risultato finale per 2-1 in nostro favore.Non mancherà poi un approfondimento sulla situazione infortuni che resta grave anche in vista della finale di Coppa Italia dell' 11 maggio contro l'inter.Focus particolare sulla Champions League con il match, a dir poco pirotecnico tra Manchester City e Real Madrid valevole per l'andata delle semifinali.Infine gustoso approfondimento sulla Liga spagnola ed in modo particolare sul nuovo Barcellona targato Xavi attraverso la grande competenza sul calcio iberico dell'ospite della serata, Antonio Cefalù di Sportellate.it.Mdn sport, associazione sportiva che è dedita al sociale, raccoglie fondi per comperare libri di sport da regalare a tutti, bambini in primis, partecipa con un piccolo contributo alla raccolta:https://gofund.me/86a3fbc4Ovviamente come sempre vi terranno compagnia gli insuperabili ragazzi della redazione di J-TACTICS e di Megliodiniente.com.Diteci la vostra, interagiremo con voi in chat live! ​ ​Ecco i link dei nostri social:CANALE TELEGRAM:https://t.me/joinchat/AAAAAE2Dp-yj5b1N4SNcMQINSTAGRAM:https://instagram.com/jtactics_?igshid=1fg7nrkzhl2mtFACEBOOK:http://m.facebook.com/jtacticsmdn/

JDK 18 is released, there's controversy over Google Cloud's price increase, a new look for MDN, a mysterious npm package that does nothing but has over 700 thousand downloads. And a walk through of the Java developer productivity report from JRebel. All this and more in this episode of the Artifact. Java 18 is here https://mail.openjdk.java.net/pipermail/jdk-dev/2022-March/006458.html https://blogs.oracle.com/java/post/the-arrival-of-java-18 MDN and MDN plus https://hacks.mozilla.org/2022/03/a-new-year-a-new-mdn/ https://hacks.mozilla.org/2022/03/introducing-mdn-plus-make-mdn-your-own/ JavaOne 2022 https://blogs.oracle.com/javamagazine/post/javaone-2022 Mystery empty npm package https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/software/empty-npm-package-has-over-700-000-downloads-heres-why/ Google cloud pricing updates https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/infrastructure/updates-to-google-clouds-infrastructure-pricing JRebel developer productivity report https://www.jrebel.com/resources/java-developer-productivity-report-2022 PicoCLI https://picocli.info/ --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/javabrains/support

On this episode of Zemach FM, we talk about Netscape. As the first commercial browser, Netscape have had its fair share of contribution to the internet we experience today. We will discuss how Netscape got started, the reason for its downfall, how it paved the way for Mozilla, and What the Mozilla project is working on currently. Episode Timeline 04:30 Episode introduction 07:15 How and when was Netscape founded 08:15 The story of Mosaic and its contribution to Netscape 10:40 The Beta version – Mosaic Netscape 12:10 The next version of Netscape navigator 13:40 The internal name for Netscape – Mosaic killer 14:30 The IPO of Netscape 16:15 The beginning of Netscapes down fall through Windows 95 20:55 Early features of Netscape and their contribution to the internet 24:13 Companies that bought Netscape 27:40 The Mozilla project 29:05 How was the Mozilla project started 30:00 The first version of the Mozilla version Phoenix 32:00 The initial release of Firefox 33:40 The firefox operating system 35:00 Current products of the Mozilla foundation 38:00 Some contributions of Firefox and facts 40:30 Contribution of the MDN documentation for developers Contact the hosts Henok Tsegaye Twitter Instagram LinkedIn Abdulhadmid Oumer Twitter Instagram linkedIn Follow Zemach FM and give us comment

In this episode Una and Adam talk about font adjustments when being used within @font-face. When fonts are loaded, there's an opportunity to provide default values and fine tunings. Links @font-face on MDN → https://goo.gle/2S3DAmp  CSS Fonts Level 4 → https://goo.gle/3sGwO2s  The CSS Podcast #CSSpodcast

Last Week in .NET - January 30th, 2021We're getting our first snow here in the DC area for the first time in what feels like forever; and the .NET team is pondering the true meaning of the words "Backlog management". Let's get to it.

Finding documentation about the web and its various platform APIs used to be a fragmented experienced across a wide range of sites with not quite the right information. When all hope seemed lost, Mozilla Developer Network (MDN) Web Docs became the clearinghouse for not only Mozilla related docs but also the web in general. In this episode, we talk with Mozilla's Ali Spivak (@Ali Spivak) and Kadir Topal (@atopal), as well as MDN Product Advisory Board member and ex-Mozilla/current Googler Robert Nyman (@robertnyman) about the ongoing growth of MDN and how the browser vendors and developers alike are beginning to bring better web platform documentation to all. Visit the website for This Week in Web, resources & more: https://thewebplatformpodcast.com/184-mdn-web-docs   Follow The Web Platform podcast on Twitter for regular updates @TheWebPlatform.

In this episode, I discuss why I still use XHR instead of the Fetch API. Links The original article: https://gomakethings.com/why-i-still-use-xhr-instead-of-the-fetch-api/ Promise-based XHR: https://gomakethings.com/promise-based-xhr/ CSS-Tricks primer on Fetch: https://css-tricks.com/using-fetch/ MDN on Fetch: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Fetch_API/Using_Fetch Atomic Promisified XHR Plugin: https://github.com/cferdinandi/atomic

Kris Van Houten: @krivaten | krivaten.com | Q2 Show Notes: 00:55 - Kris' Interest and Passion for Accessibility 06:07 - Using Ember for Accessibility: Pattern Adoption 10:13 - Context Switch Awareness and Managing Focus 12:08 - Asynchrony and Desired Interaction 14:04 - Building a Form Input Component 19:05 - Things That Are Hard to Catch 22:41 - Assistive Browsers? 28:17 - Making Things Accessible From the Start Resources: Building for Accessibility by Nathan Hammond @ Wicked Good Ember 2015 The A11y Project: Web Accessibility Checklist WCAG 2.0 checklists Why Don't Screen Readers Always Read What's on the Screen? Part 1: Punctuation and Typographic Symbols Mozilla Accessibility Kris' Blog Post Series on Accessibility: Part 1: What is accessibility and why should we care? Part 2: A Primer on Accessibility Part 3: Getting Our Apps Ready for Accessibility Part 4: Building an Accessible Icon Component in Ember Part 5: Building an Accessible Input Component in Ember Part 6: Building an Accessible Alert Component in Ember Part 7: Building an Accessible Numbers Component in Ember Part 8: Building an Accessible Currency Component in Ember Transcript: CHARLES: Hello, everybody and welcome to The Frontside Podcast, Episode 72. My name is Charles Lowell, a developer here at The Frontside and podcast host-in-training. With me today is Wil. WIL: Hello. CHARLES: Hey, Wil. Today, we're going to be talking about accessibility in single page applications with Kris Van Houten who is a developer at Q2. Hey, Kris. Thank you for coming on the show. Today, we're going to talk about something that I know a lot of people's minds here and probably elsewhere on the internet, it's a topic that's getting a lot more attention, which is a good thing and that's accessibility. We're going to explore the niche of accessibility as it applies to single page applications. Now, you're a frontend developer at Q2, what initially got you interested in and passionate about accessibility in general? KRIS: I honestly feel my path to passion in this area has been a little bit unorthodox in a number of ways. I basically started out in total apathy of this topic and over the last year, it has turned into a genuine interest of mine. About three years ago, I remember listening to an episode of ShopTalk Show with Dave Rupert and Chris Coyier and they kind of went on this large rant about accessibility and why more developers need to be concerned and compassion about it. Dave Rupert was talking about his contributions to the accessibility project and I'm sitting back and thinking to myself and this is back then, obviously, "Why would anyone who is blind want to use anything that I'm working on." I basically balked at the idea and disregarded it entirely. At that time, I was just getting my feet wet with Ember working on an application with a company here in Cincinnati and we had these conversations about, "I notice that we put this action or a clickable event on a div element, should we not be doing that? Is it that not something that we should be doing?" I remember sitting back and having this conversation and saying, "The ads been crawled by SEO and Ember isn't yelling at us for doing it. It still works fine so what the heck? Let's just go with it." Basically, every single app that come into since then has basically adopted that same mindset even before I joined the team so I know it's not just me who is thinking this. A lot of developers that have been exercising the same way of doing their code. CHARLES: Right, it's the path of least resistance. Everybody's got a job to do. Everybody's got features to deliver so that practice can be very easily self-perpetuating, right? KRIS: Exactly and I think a lot of developers just don't understand the semantic difference between a div or a label or a button or a link and how browsers can actually treat these difference HTML attributes or HTML tags differently because of how assistive technology can utilize them for per person's benefit. That's where I was a little over a year ago basically. When I first started at Q2, that first week, I got pulled into a discussion about design patterns which is another passion of mine and somehow, that turned into me joining a group that was to establish to figure out how to tackle the task of making our large app accessible. Basically, we had a company come in, audit our application and we got a big fat F for accessibility so it's something that we said, "We need to start tackling this problem." Being that, I just started at the company that week, I was going to tell them no but internally, I was panicking and saying, "I got to figure out what is this whole accessibility thing is and why it's important." I started looking for books, articles on the topic and trying to basically flood myself with information. Two things that really transformed my way of thinking was actually a talk given by Nathan Hammond at that Wicked Good Ember in 2015, where he shows an example of building an application without accessibility in mind so basically, doing what I was doing before which is we're adding actions to div tags, we're not really caring about semantic HTML, we're just making the feature or the application work. But then what he does, which I think is super powerful is he pulled up a colleague of his who is blind and had him try to use the application. He just goes through and you can see the struggle and he's actually vocalizing and talking about where he's [inaudible] with this application. Long story short, Nathan comes back up and makes a few adjustments. DHTML has [inaudible] up again and it's night and day difference just by changing the markup and by dropping in the Ember A11y add-on which helps with focusing the browser in certain areas of the content. He's able to totally transform how's individuals able to use the app. For me, that was a super powerful to come in and see that and see someone actually struggle with a website that they were trying to use. I think, [inaudible] where I always saw accessibility was it will only affects people who can't see and I think that's the other area where I've really started to have that paradigm shift was when I realized that this isn't just people who can't see. It's for people who have motor difficulties, who can't use a mouse and how to use a keyboard instead. People who have various vision issues, whether that's cataracts, colorblindness, glaucoma, dyslexia, some in these effects, not just DHTML but also affects color contrast, the fonts that we're using that impacts every area of application design and development and that's where I started to realize that that was where the paradigm shift happened in my mind where I started thinking to myself we really need to start talking about this more and getting other developers on board in general on this. CHARLES: It can be intimidating, especially when it feels like on a single page application, your divs have to do more, so to speak in the sense that it feels that your HTML is fatter. It's not just a thin layer but your HTML is actually part of the UI. KRIS: Exactly, yeah. CHARLES: When it comes to having this paradigmatic shift that you're describing, when you're looking at your single page applications, are there any insights into the general structure of the application that you feel like you've gained that are foundational, they kind of transcend accessibility? I guess, what I'm saying is, is there any way that you become like a better developer or been able to recognize foundational patterns because of having these insights surrounding accessibility? KRIS: I've been working with Ember for about three or four years now, basically since it was still in beta. Over the last several years, I have started to accumulate a lot of knowledge as to how we can utilize Ember to do a lot of the heavy lifting for us. When I started getting more passionate about the area of accessibility, first question that came into my mind are how can we use Ember to do some of the heavy lifting for us. For example, some of the things that I had done was go through and start working on developing a couple of components that basically cover a lot of things that I find ourselves doing [inaudible] a lot. Whether that might be a component to just plain icon on a page or a component to display input on a page. What we're able to do is using Ember, we can say, "Here's the icon I want to display but if I don't happen to pass in an aria-label attribute, for example. The component will add the 'aria-hidden=true' for me. Being able to really utilize the power of Ember to do some of that stuff for us on the back side of things, I guess you could say it magically. CHARLES: Let me stop you there for a second and unpack that example. What you're saying is, if I'm going to put an input on the page, if I actually don't assign an ARIA role, it's going to hide it from me? KRIS: No. I was thinking of an icon components, say if I'm using Font Awesome, for example and I want this with the trash icon so I wrote a component for our specific icon library that we're using. We pass in the icon that we want to display, again that could be the trash icon and we can also pass in an aria-label attribute to add a label to that span that will be read to the user. But if we don't pass that attribute in, the component will automatically add the 'aria-hidden=true' attribute for us so basically it skips over it. CHARLES: Yes so it won't be just garbage for a screen reader or someone navigating with a keyboard. WIL: Yeah, otherwise the screen reader tries to read the content of the icon CSS which is just the Unicode. CHARLES: Right. KRIS: Yeah. What we really is trying to figure out and what I've spent a lot of my time, especially in writing my blog series on this was while we are using React or Vue or Angular or Ember or whatever, how can we utilize the power of the single page application frameworks to do some of that heavy lifting for us in the background without us needing to explicitly define everything. I'd say, especially when you work on a large team like what I work on currently, we can't expect everybody to be extremely well-versed in the area of accessibility so if we can do some of the work for them and just encourage them to adopt these components in their daily workflow, it does some of the work for us. That's what we're working on and talking a lot about at Q2 is basically this pattern adoption. CHARLES: Right so it sounds like to kind of paraphrase, whether you're working in any framework most of them have this concept of components so really leaning hard on that idea to make components at the very granular level aware of their own accessibility. Is that fair to say? KRIS: Yeah, obviously there's more I'm sure as we go for the conversation about some of the things that I've tackled in this area but long story short, being able to utilize and recognize, you have this extremely powerful JavaScript framework at your disposal to do some of work for you so why not equip to do just that. CHARLES: Yeah. I guess that falls into my next question, which is there are component level concerns and if there are other component level concerns, I definitely want to hear about them but what immediately leaps to mind is there are also cross-cutting concerns of any single page application, what's the state of your URL and if you're using a router. Some of the content on the page is going to be changing and others isn't like how do you cope with that? What are the cross-cutting concerns of an application that span components and then how do you cope with them? KRIS: I think one thing that comes to mind as you're talking is the whole area of context switch awareness. If I click a link, if I go from the home page of an application to my profile page, how does a screen reader know that that content has now changed to present this new information to the user? I know what we were able to do was we were able to drop in the focusing out with component that's put out by the Ember accessibility team, which basically whenever we render to an outlet, that's utilizing this focusing outlet component, it will focus the browser to that main area and start presenting that information back to the users. One area that was at the top of our list as we start tackling accessibility was we need to figure out this whole context switch awareness thing because -- this is back then obviously when we first got started -- back then there was no way for a user to know when the page changed so they would basically be sitting there, waiting for any kind of feedback or whatsoever to be presented back to them and it just wasn't happening. I would say, managing focus is probably one of the top level concerns when it comes to single page applications because it's a single page application so if you click a link, the page isn't completely refreshing, prompting the screen reader to present the information back to user. That's one of the key areas that I think of. CHARLES: What about things like asynchrony because a lot of times, these context switches are not boom-boom, one-two. The content on which you want to focus isn't available yet. Usually, the analog from a visual UI would be a loading spinner or a progress bar. How do you deal with those to say, "Your content is not quite ready. If you're made to wait it's because we want your content to be of the highest quality." KRIS: Sure, yeah. We were able to drop in the focusing outlet components in our application and it took care of a good chunk of the work but it seems like in our application, we're doing something that might not be as conventional as the rest of the Ember community would like them to be so we might not use the model hook as we should. It's hard for the page to know when the contents actually ready, when it's been rendered to the DOM to present back to the user. One thing that I'm currently trying to tackle right now, to figure out how we can remedy that problem. I probably say, honestly that's the challenge I'm working on right now. I don't have a solid answer to that one at the moment. CHARLES: Irrespective of how it plugs into the tool that you're using, what would just be the desired interaction there, regardless of how you make it work? KRIS: I guess, conceptually what I'd be thinking about is how can we notify the user we're loading content right now and whether that we have an alert box that has the ARIA alerts, basically attributes set on it, that we could pass in new, basically notifications to it to let the user know, "Loading content. Please wait," and then once that content resolves, focus them on that main outlet where the content has been displayed to read that content back to the user. That's how we're trying to think about tackling this issue but we haven't have a time to implement it to see how it's going to work across all the different avenues of application. CHARLES: I did want to come back at the component level. are there any other ways that you can lean on Ember or lean on React or lean on Vue, if you're using a component or in framework, just talk a little bit more about how you use those to unlock your application and make it more accessible. KRIS: One thing I can think of is a way that we can enforce better usage of the framework that we're using is one that comes to mind is a component that I worked out in the blog series that I wrote was building a form input component. Especially, when you're trying to write an accessible app, I think about how can we enforce certain patterns when other developers come in later on and want to add a field to a form or use this component somewhere else in the application. What are some ways that we can enforce that they're doing everything, using the component correctly so that way it renders accessible mark up? What I tinkered around with and we actually just landed in our application is basically a form group component to where we pass in, obviously the value that the input is bound to. But we also pass in a label that is tied to the input and whenever you hit save and the app goes to refresh, if you don't pass the label, there's an assert statement that basically fires up an error into the console and lets you know, "You're trying to use this component, you need to pass into label attribute for the purposes of accessibility and here's the instructions on how to do it." We've been kind of toying around with this idea of enforcing patterns because again, we have several dozen developers at Q2 that are working on this stuff and they're not all wizards when it comes to accessibility but how can we gradually start getting them to the place where they're adopting these patterns and best practices. I'd say, doing things like that, we are enforcing patterns in the usage of the components as well is really a key. One thing that we implement it in our testing framework is the use of a Deque Labs' aXe engine to basically go through, we can pass it a chunk of HTML and it will give us any suggestions that it has to make that content more accessible. We're using that in our test library right now, in our test build and encouraging developers as they write new components, as they go in and modify components to throw new snippets in to make sure that the content that's being spit out here is accessible and then submit your PR again. Just trying to be more hands on in that way. CHARLES: So you actually running a GitHub agent or something that's actually in the same vein as your test suite or if you're taking like snapshotting with Percy for doing visual diff so you're actually running a third check, which is an accessibility check? KRIS: Right now, we were able to land the aXe engine into our test build a couple months back so we're just slowly incrementing that over time. We have a couple challenges in the way of getting Percy implemented but that is in our list of goals to have that running as well. But one thing that I really like about aXe engine in particular is that if your check fails, it refines improvements that you should be making. The nice thing about it is also spits out a link to a page on Deque Labs website. They give an explanation of what have found and basically educates your developers for you. To me, I think that's huge because again, we can't educate every single developer and expect them to be pros at this but we can utilize tooling like the aXe engine or the [inaudible] Chrome extensions or stuff like that to do some education for us. As we work towards automating this further and further by using the aXe engine in our development side of things or using Percy on the test build as well. See, there's all kinds of stuff you can do but that's where we are right now. CHARLES: I really like that idea because in comparison with what we talked about at the top of the show, about how there's this path of least resistance that developers will follow quite naturally and quite rationally, which can lead to not accessible applications. It sounds to me like what you're doing is a establishing the same path of least resistance but having that path guide you towards accessible applications and saying, "This path of least resistance thing, it can be an asset or a liability so we might as well make it an asset." KRIS: Yeah, for sure. We sit down once a week and we talk about whatever challenges we're trying to work through in terms of accessibility. We have a weekly meeting where we sit down and talk about it. I thought one of the key topics to those conversations is how do we get the other developers that are not in these meetings more aware, more informed and more up to speed with this that they care about it, that they're working on it and it's part of their inner dialogue as they're writing out new features that are going to be deployed out to our clients. Lots of challenges there. CHARLES: Yeah. We've talked about some of these problems that you catch, you're actually writing some assertions there on the test build so you'll actually fail if there's certain requirements that aren't met but what are the things that are more intangible? How do those come up in terms of accessibility? What are the things that you can't catch through automated testing? KRIS: Right now, some of things that we're having a hard time testing which Percy will help once we get that implemented is contrast ratios and stuff like that. That's one of the key things that comes to mind for me when I think of the things that are a little hard to catch. I think another thing that's hard to catch, especially at the aXe engine and stuff like that, won't necessarily catch is the flow of your dialogue. When I turn on a screen reader and it starts reading back this page and content to me, sure we can make it so that it doesn't read out the icons character code and a lot of stuff. It presents the information we want back to us but I think, having that information presented back to the user in a way that's legible, that makes sense to them is probably one of the bigger challenges that I've been working on a little bit. One that comes to my mind is like the reading of currencies or numbers. One thing that I found way helpful was Deque put out a very thorough article on how the different screen reader like JAWS, NVDA, Apple's VoiceOver, how they read different types of punctuation, different types of graphics symbols, how they read [inaudible], $123.50, what does a screen reader actually read back to you. That's where I've actually been spending so much of time lately is building on some components that instead of reading back what the streaming will read back by default, which should be, "Dollar sign, one-two-three-five-zero," having actually read back, "One hundred twenty-three dollars and fifty cents," so basically, writing a series of components, I would do some of that, again heavy-lifting force, in that way, our developers don't have to go in and manually add-ons aria-labels obviously. That's been a nice little challenge where something that's we are working on just testing right now and making sure it works right if there is any downsides to doing this but I want a person using a screen reader or other types of assistive technology to hear the information as I'm thinking about it. When I see $123.50, I'm thinking in my head that's, "One hundred twenty-three dollars and fifty cents," not in single digits one right after the other. Those are things that a lot of the automated software isn't catching. It's not catching like, "Your grammar is bad," or, "This isn't making any sense to me." It is catching like are you passing in or applying the attributes to HTML elements that you should be. Are you using semantic structure in your headings and stuff like that?" I think that's one of the areas where developer is need to get their hand dirty, turn on the a screen reader or use any array of different voice-over tools to actually listen to the content being present back to them to see how it's presented. CHARLES: Yeah, it's almost a difference between a syntax error versus a runtime error like we've got a lot tools that can catch the syntax errors and you can put those in and catch where you have something that's malformed but some sentences can be perfectly formed but make no sense and it takes a human set of eyes to make sure if that content is coherent. One of the things that if you're going to ship applications to people, you need to be able to try and measure as closely as possible the environments in which the people will be using your software so you can actually have an accurate measure of whether it works or not. For example, in the Ember world lately in the stuff that we've been doing with acceptance testing in React, we admit people are going to be using a multiplicity of browsers to access this application so it's very typical to use Testem or use Karma to fire up five different browsers, which if you're using BrowserStack, you can do fifty. You know, people are going to be using IE8.1 on Edge or on a Surface. They're going to be using Safari. They're going to be using Chrome and those often surface those issues but I feel like there's no access to the actual screen reader and assistive technologies to be able to make real assertions against those things. I imagine that it would be cool if there was some way that in Testem or in Karma, you could have one of your browsers be like an assistive browser that you could actually assert, I want to assert that it read it as, "One hundred fifty-three dollars and twenty-five cents," and is that on the horizon? Is that even possible? But it seems like something that we have to shoot for if we actually want to measure that these things are working if we actually want to capture data points. KRIS: Yeah, I totally agree. If you look at the documentation on W3 for how these different HTML attributes should be treated by the browser or by the assistive technology, long story short is this is not how -- in several cases -- certain screen readers are presenting the information back to you. It's not how it's treating the content. That's again, one of the areas I thought was way interesting about that. Deque article on punctuation and typographic symbols, which is like we should expect that this software is operating at this level to present this information back to user in such a way where it understands what the dollar symbol in front of a series of numbers means but it just isn't there yet. There's still work to be done. I'm hopeful for the day where our screen readers are a lot more powerful in that capacity. One that makes me a lot more hopeful about that is I don't know if it's just because I've been more interested about this over the last year but it does seem like I'm seeing a lot more people talk about accessibility. I'm seeing Apple putting out videos, talking about the efforts that they're making to make their software more accessible. It does give me hope that there's a lot more visibility on this now. There's a lot more people fighting for this cause to cause these companies to come back and say, "We're going to put more effort into this. We not just going to make a standard screen reader and ship it and just leave it there for five years and no one was going to touch it," but, "We're going to start making improvements." One thing that I did notice just over the last couple months even was that out of nowhere, we use Apple VoiceOver in Chrome, which isn't typically how people use it. They typically use it with Safari. But if you use in Chrome, it will actually read back to you as, "One hundred twenty-three dollars and fifty cents." When I came across that, I was kind of dumbfounded but then I was thinking to myself, the vast majority of people who are using screen readers aren't using this browser but that's really interesting that they're doing this now. I dream of that day where we can basically run a series of mark up through in a test or into a function and basically have to spit back, here's how screen readers going to present this back to you. I'm hopeful for that day. CHARLES: I'm wondering now like why don't major browser vendors, why is this not just a piece of a puzzle that comes when I download Firefox. Firefox has access to my speakers, why isn't there a web standard for how screen readers will treat content? Maybe there's an effort under way. KRIS: I sure hope so. Looking through documentation, we know how things are supposed to work, how we've agreed that they should work and now basically, we're just waiting for the different browser vendors and Microsoft and Apple to make the updates to their streaming technology as well as JAWS and NVDA. I'm hopeful that these changes come soon. These are improvements to the interface. CHARLES: Yeah. Any time there's a gap, you can see that's an opportunity for someone -- KRIS: For sure. CHARLES: -- To write some software that has some real impact. I know certainly, I would love to see some way to roll these things into our automated test suites. KRIS: Yeah. I searched for it but with no avail and it's a little bit beyond my knowledge of how to build something of that caliber. I hope someone else does it because I don't know how. [Laughter] CHARLES: Well, maybe in a year, maybe in two years, maybe in 10, although hopefully a lot sooner than that. KRIS: Yeah. I would judge that at the speed of things were going right now, I'm optimistic that we're going to have some much better solutions within the next year or two on this field. Especially of how much I'm seeing people talk about it now, how much it's becoming a part of the regular conversation of web development, application development. I'm really optimistic that we're going to see some strides in this area over the next couple years. CHARLES: Okay. With the time that we have left, I'm going to ask one more question. Kris, there is something that I wanted to ask you, which is let's say that I am a developer who is working on a team that is maybe it's big, maybe it's small. I've got an application or I'm starting an application and I have a desire to make it accessible. How do I establish that path of least resistance? What advice do you have for someone who's just about to take the first step on that journey to make sure that they have the outcome that they're looking for which is the most accessible single page app that they can have? KRIS: I think it's a great question. I would start out that answer by simply saying to encourage you to be somebody who cares enough to speak up and become an evangelist, become an educator and become an enforcer in your workplace for this work. You don't have to be the most knowledgeable person in the world on the topic. God knows I'm not and I still there were people come to me, asking me, "How do I make this feature, make the guidelines, make it accessible to screen readers," but I'm passionate about this topic and I'm interested in learning as much as I can about those. Step one, just being an evangelists for it. Be interested in it, care about it. I'd say, the next thing is just learn more about semantic HTML. I would say from a lot of the things that I've been trying to tackle with the application that I'm working on, just simply writing semantic markup takes care about 80% of my challenges. In just understanding what are the different elements, what are the different tags are for and how screen readers and other assistive technology see those things. To get started, I would say there's beginner, intermediate and advance stuff. I would say go to the accessibility project, which is just A11yProject.com and read through the content there. It's very entry-level. You can probably read through most of the content within an hour or two and really start to get a grasp as to what level of effort you're looking at in terms of your application. Once you get through that, if you still want to learn more, I'd say go over to Mozilla's developer network -- MDN -- and read through their documentation. On the topic, there is a little bit more exhaustive but it's still really easy to read and really easy to grasp. Based on a content they have shared there, I'd say more of an advance level is actually go through all the documentation on the W3. It's a lot more verbose, it covers a lot more of use cases, it has a lot more suggestions and just stuff ready to go over. I'm still working through that information. There's so much of it but I would say that's as a good place to get started with understanding the different attributes, what they're for and just the importance of writing semantic HTML. I would say some definitely good things to start tinkering with to find some of the low-hanging fruit in your application would be to use some of the assessment tools that are already out there. You have the [inaudible] little JavaScript snippet that you can put in your Chrome favorite's bar or you can use the aXe engine or if you even have an aXe Chrome extension that you could pop up in your application to basically give you report on some of the areas that you should be looking to make some improvements. I think it's important to view accessibility kind of like how a lot of bloggers view SEO, is that there's always more work to be done, there's always improvements you can make but the key is to take those first steps and start making those improvements. One of the nice things about the accessibility project and there's a couple other websites out there that have some of the lists, they basically have a checklist for you to go down. If you're just getting started with accessibility, they have a checklist of all the first things that you should be covering to get your app started in that realm, to start making those improvements. I know you guys do links in the show notes. I can definitely send you those things to those items to get people started. Another thing I find myself doing a lot is while we're talking about something in our chat at work in or just go off in the code pin and mock something out in HTML and then see how the screen reader reads our content back to me and then kind of tinker with it and do a little bit of self-discovery in how this all works together. There's a lot of options out there. I know just threw a lot at your listeners but I'd say, it all starts with being someone who cares about the topic and cares enough to start asking others to care as well. CHARLES: I think that's a fantastic answer and a great note to end on. But before we go, obviously we will include those things in the show notes but also the other thing that we're going to include is a link that you actually, I understand, have a series of blog posts related to all of the things that you've been talking about, which we'll also include. KRIS: Awesome. Thanks. CHARLES: Everybody, go read it. Thank you so much Kris for coming and talking with us about accessibility. I think you're right. It is a topic that's gaining a lot more traction and a lot more mind share in the mainstream that can only be a good thing.

CSS Grid Layout is in Firefox and Chrome, and coming to Safari. Jeffrey Zeldman talks about the new spec with one of its foremost advocates, Rachel Andrew – a web developer, writer, and public speaker from Bristol, UK. Rachel is a member of the CSS Working Group, a Google Developer Expert, the co-founder of the Perch CMS, the publisher of CSS Layout News (a weekly collection of tutorials, news, and information on all things CSS layout), and the author or co-author of countless articles and 30 books, including Get Ready for CSS Grid Layout, A Pocket Guide to CSS Modules, The Profitable Side Project Handbook, and HTML 5 For Web Designers, 2nd Edition. Links for this episode:this is rachelandrew.co.uk - the website of web developer, writer and public speaker Rachel AndrewRachel Andrew (@rachelandrew) | TwitterCSS Grid Guides on MDNA Book Apart, Get Ready for CSS Grid LayoutCSS Layout NewsPublished books authored and co-authored by Rachel AndrewPerch - The really little content management system (CMS)CSS Grid lands in Firefox 52Podcast episodes featuring Rachel AndrewThree years with CSS Grid LayoutGrid LayoutMy presentations - subjects I speak about and links to resources, video and slidesBrought to you by: Incapsula (Just visit Incapsula.com/BigWebShow and enter the code BIGWEBSHOW to get one month free). FreshBooks (To claim your month long unrestricted free trial, go to FreshBooks.com/bigwebshow and enter BIG WEB SHOW in the “How Did You Hear About Us?” section). Wix (Just go to Wix.com and create your stunning website today.)