Podcast appearances and mentions of franco prussian

Un groupe environnemental français a découvert des obus d'artillerie datant des Première et Seconde Guerres mondiales et même de la guerre franco-prussienne de 1870 dans un lac de l'est de la France.Traduction:A French environmental group has found artillery shells dating back to World Wars I and II and even the Franco-Prussian war of 1870 in a lake in eastern France. Hébergé par Acast. Visitez acast.com/privacy pour plus d'informations.

Questions Covered: 04:01 – what’s the sin of presumption according to a Catholic vs a Protestant? 10:01 – How did the Franco-Prussian war affect Vatican 1 ending early? 13:56 – Why is yoga ok to practice? 20:45 – How was Pope Linus appointed and how did the process of electing popes develop? 29:28 – What happened to the Holy Spirit that we received in the sacraments after we commit sins? 37:29 – Science evidence now shows that we can predict a person's choice. Does this affect our understanding of free will and predestination? 47:08 – Are there levels in heaven? 52:45 – Why was Jesus so harsh to the Canaanite woman in Mt. 15:21-28? …

In the early hours of August 20, 1914, as dawn caressed the Eastern French landscape, the quaint town of Morhange, an emblem of Franco-German tension in the contested province of Alsace-Lorraine, braced for a confrontation that would etch its name into the annals of the Great War. This pivotal encounter, today known as the Battle of Morhange, was but a small part of the larger picture — a cataclysm that would redefine the borders of nations and the lives of millions. Morhange was not merely a geographic location; it was the symbol of a complex past that interwove the destinies of two great powers: France and Germany. It was a legacy of the Franco-Prussian war, a grim reminder of the scars that the past had inflicted, and the catalyst of a colossal clash that was to transpire. Within this tale of strategy, endurance, and sacrifice are woven the individual stories of those who planned, fought, and endured. Their hopes, fears, and experiences during these testing times brought forth a narrative that echoes even a century later. Through their tales, we will explore the intricate plans, the furious battles, the stunning victories, and the painful retreats that all culminated in the Battle of Morhange. This saga of the Great War is not only a tale of commanders and strategies but also of ordinary soldiers and civilians caught in extraordinary circumstances. It is a tale that resonates with the universal human experiences of hope, fear, courage, and loss. It serves as a timeless reminder of the human cost of war and the pursuit of peace. As we embark on this journey through time, let us remember that history is more than just a record of the past; it is a guidebook to the future, a mirror reflecting the triumphs and follies of humanity. Let us step back in time to August 1914, as the clouds of war gather over the sleepy town of Morhange.

In reality war is horrible, in fiction .... it's also horrible.'The Debacle' by Émile Zola is a historical cum realistic fiction (also known as naturalism) set during 1870-1 of the Franco-Prussian war. It follows Jean/Maurice, two French soldiers and Maurice's civilian sister as they endure the privations of war and the suffering caused in the aftermath.I summarised the book as follows. "A heartbreakingly vivid story that hurts to get through. Thankfully it doesn't have the endless feel of something like 'The Gulag Archipelago' but the pain & needless agony still has a lingering sensation. Zola is a powerful writer and offers a compelling case against war merely by showcasing it's realities."I hope you have a fantastic day wherever you are in the world. Kyrin out!Timeline:(0:00) - Intro(0:30) - Synopsis(3:33) - Warfare: Senseless & horrifying(11:33) - Love: Intense feeling of kinship(18:46) - Observations/Takeaways(24:13) - SummaryConnect with Mere Mortals:Website: https://www.meremortalspodcast.com/Discord: https://discord.gg/jjfq9eGReUInstagram: https://www.instagram.com/meremortalspodcast/TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@meremortalspodcast

Having tracked the Ogress to it's lair the party find themselves now fighting the terrifying creature. Mina is from a society of mercenaries specialised in fighting giantkin and both Sylvia and Philipe Du Bois faced ogres when they fought in the Franco-Prussian war. But will that be enough to defeat this monstrous fey creature?

Significant Other: Have you heard of this play by Joshua Harmon? We can tell you who hadn't, the Stage Door Guys. That's why they invited The Toledo Rep. over to tell us everything they needed to know Significant Other By Joshua Harmon
February 17-26, 2023 Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/stage-door-a-theatre-podcast-hosted-by-two-regular-guys/id1573865415 Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/214M4OKBbWcDivndnc2MTu Meet Jordan Berman. He's single. And he has a date with a co-worker to see a documentary about the Franco-Prussian war. At least, he thinks it's a date. Significant Other follows Jordan and his three closest friends as they navigate love, friendship and New York in the twenty-something years.

Léon Gambetta took to the skies above Paris in a hot air balloon on October 7th, 1870, soaring over the enemy German soldiers that surrounded the city on his way to raise new armies to swing the Franco-Prussian war back in France's favour. Perhaps ill-advisedly, the charismatic statesman shouted “Vive la République!” as he went, thus attracting enemy fire which punctured his balloon, but the escape was successful, ultimately landing in an oak tree in Tours. In this episode, Arion, Rebecca and Olly explain how 150 years ago hot air balloons came to be thought of as a convenient emergency evacuation technology; mull why Paris at night is so very beautiful, even during a siege; and explain why in a crisis it is always good to have plenty of seamstresses around… Further Reading: • ‘Franco-Prussian War: the conflict that plunged Europe into a nightmare' (History Extra, 2020): https://www.historyextra.com/period/victorian/franco-prussian-war-europe-nightmare-consequences/  • ‘A Balloon Voyage with Gambetta' (Appletons' Journal of Literature, Science and Art, 1871): https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/Appletons_Journal_of_Literature_Science/_BwZAAAAYAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0  • ‘Gambetta's balloon escape' (wunderkammerchannel, 2022): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-eBNlTvpsq0  We'll be back on Monday - unless you join 

As the French National Assembly gets younger and more female, some lawmakers say it's time MPs on maternity leave were replaced. Opera singers bring love, tragedy and dialogue to French city streets with free concerts in unexpected places. And the man behind Paris' Wallace fountains, which turn 150 this year. France has a reputation for supporting new parents, with fully-paid maternity leave and a month of paternal leave, but it does not apply to everyone. Because they are appointed, and not employed, members of the National Assembly can stop and start work when they want, but they are not replaced. So when they are absent  – whether it is for giving birth or long-term illness – they lose their vote. MP Mathilde Hignet (@mathildehignet), who is pregnant with her first child, has introduced a constitutional amendment that would allow lawmakers to be replaced by their deputies when they are on maternity leave. Will anyone oppose such a proposal? (Listen @2'40'') Opera singers and musicians from the Calms collective are shaking up opera's image – taking it back to its roots in popular culture by performing in the streets. Conceived in Marseille in the wake of the Covid lockdown of 2020, the Opéra Déconfiné project has now spread to other cities. For eight weeks each summer, professional singers give free weekly mini-concerts in working class areas in a number of French towns, drawing in new audiences.  (Listen @14'40'') For 150 years 'Wallace' fountains have provided Parisians with clean, free drinking water. Laura Angela Bagnetto talks about Sir Richard Wallace, who generously supported Parisians during the Franco-Prussian war and donated the first 50 fountains to the city in 1872. (Listen @8'45'') Episode mixed by Vincent Pora. Spotlight on France is a podcast from Radio France International. Find us on rfienglish.com, iTunes (link here), Spotify (link here), Google podcasts (link here), or your favourite podcast app (pod.link/1573769878).

As the French National Assembly gets younger and more female, some lawmakers say it's time MPs on maternity leave were replaced. Opera singers bring love, tragedy and dialogue to French city streets with free concerts in unexpected places. And the man behind Paris' Wallace fountains, which turn 150 this year. France has a reputation for supporting new parents, with fully-paid maternity leave and a month of paternal leave, but it does not apply to everyone. Because they are appointed, and not employed, members of the National Assembly can stop and start work when they want, but they are not replaced. So when they are absent  – whether it is for giving birth or long-term illness – they lose their vote. MP Mathilde Hignet (@mathildehignet), who is pregnant with her first child, has introduced a constitutional amendment that would allow lawmakers to be replaced by their deputies when they are on maternity leave. Will anyone oppose such a proposal? (Listen @2'40'') Opera singers and musicians from the Calms collective are shaking up opera's image – taking it back to its roots in popular culture by performing in the streets. Conceived in Marseille in the wake of the Covid lockdown of 2020, the Opéra Déconfiné project has now spread to other cities. For eight weeks each summer, professional singers give free weekly mini-concerts in working class areas in a number of French towns, drawing in new audiences.  (Listen @14'40'') For 150 years 'Wallace' fountains have provided Parisians with clean, free drinking water. Laura Angela Bagnetto talks about Sir Richard Wallace, who generously supported Parisians during the Franco-Prussian war and donated the first 50 fountains to the city in 1872. (Listen @8'45'') Episode mixed by Vincent Pora. Spotlight on France is a podcast from Radio France International. Find us on rfienglish.com, iTunes (link here), Spotify (link here), Google podcasts (link here), or your favourite podcast app (pod.link/1573769878).

Joan of Arc caught Jules Bastien-LePage's attention long after she died a hero. France had just given up a region of their territory to Germany in the Franco-Prussian war. Ms. Arc and Bastien-Lepage were both from Lorraine. After the war Bastien-Lepage experienced, he looked to his local underdog historical hero - Joan - for inspiration.   Read LadyKflo's collected works. Learn about this painting and many more masterpieces with a click through to LadyKflo's site. https://www.ladykflo.com/category/masterpieces/ Checkout her socials too: https://www.instagram.com/ladykflo/ https://twitter.com/ladykflo

The Franco-Prussian war of 1870 is an important but often neglected conflict. Most people don't even know about it. In America,  even history fans go straight from the Civil War to World War I, not really taking into account this major conflict that happened in between.Let's fix this, shall we? We'll discuss the origins of the conflict, its course and its huge consequences. In the last section, we'll discuss some alternative history. What if France had won that war? I think you'll be surprised as to what that entails.Time codes:Introduction03:03 - Why this subject?06:46 - The Northern German Confederation11:26 - Origins of the Conflict14:15 - The War20:39 - Consequences23:22 - What if? & ConclusionArtwork for this episode: Ernest Meissonier, Le Siège de Paris, musée d'Orsay.Support the showReach out, support the show and give me feedback! Follow the podcast on social media Leave a 5-star review on Apple Podcasts or on Spotify Become a patron on Patreon to support the show Buy me a Coffee Get beautiful “La Fayette, We are Here!” merchandise from TeePublic

Guy de Maupassant - The Necklace - The Master Of The Short Story At His Best!   Hi, I'm Christy Shriver and we're here to discuss books that have changed the world and have changed us.    I'm Garry Shriver and this is the How to Love Lit Podcast.  Today we are going to journey to France and meet one of the greatest short story writers in the world- he influenced O Henry, Chekov, Kate Chopin and many others- this would be Guy de Maupassant.  And the story we will be reading and discussing is his most famous story, “The Necklace”.    Guy de Maupaussant didn't live very long.  He died right before turning 43, but fortunately during his life he got to enjoy financial success and even fame.  He wrote over 300 stories, six novels, three travel books and a bunch of poetry.      So, let's date him exactly.  He was born in 1850 and died in 1893.  If we put that in historical context in the America's, we were living through the American Civil War.  Europe in general was experiencing the good and bad of the height of the Industrial Revolution(we talked  about that briefly when we talked about Charles Dickens but also William Blake-some of the excesses were pretty terrible and were felt all over Europe), but France in particular under the leadership of Emperor Napoleon 3rd, made great strides to modernization.  France led the world in many ways.  Unfortunately this all came crashing down to some degree with Emperor Napoleon III, reluctantly really, led France into the Franco-Prussian war.  As with every other war, it was an atrocity, although we don't talk about it much today.  Among other things, it changed the landscape of Europe and the. European balance of power from then on.     Yeah, I guess I've heard of the Franco-Prussian war, but I can't say I understand it very well.      This war was between France and what is now primarily what we call Germany.  However, this isn't exactly accurate because our maps have changed so much since those days.  The German confederation led by the Kingdom of Prussia defeated Napoleon III and France's Second Empire. Napoleon the 3rd, would be the last emperor of France. Guy de Maupassant volunteered in that war and pulled from his experiences in the war for a lot of his stories.      I'm sure MauPaussant's war experiences were one big influence and subject of his writing, but certainly not the only one.  De Maupassant observed  all levels of French society starting with prostitutes to soldiers and upward on the social scale.  He was very interested in social struggle and in some ways a little cynical about the whole thing.   A lot of his stories convey a sense of hopelessness really- trying to fight fate.  Which in some ways is interesting in light of the fact that he did financially and professionally well for himself in spite of some very difficult obstables not the least of which is his parents fairly traumatic divorce.  He grew up in Normandy which is in the North of France. His mother filed for and got divorced from his dad for his being a womanizer-     a woman being granted a divorce was unusual for that time.      Well, it was, and Guy was raised by his mom.  He went to Catholic school which apparently wasn't a positive experience, and he orchestrated his own expulsion.  Eventually, he moved to Paris, and his mother introduced him to a man who would be the single greatest influence in his life, outside of his mother, Gustave Flaubert. Flaubert was famous and he was a writer.  His most famous book- Madame Bovary-maybe one of the most infuriating books I've ever read- of course that's intentional.  is beautifully written and admired as a powerful work concerned with human frailty .      Well, Flaubert introduced de Maupassant to other famous writers and off his career started.  He was prolific and well-received.  After a few years, he was able to quit his day job and live off his writing and in a high style.    Yes, amd he apparently inherited his father's taste in women, for he too has been labeled by history as “a womanizer.”  He was single, had many relationships: these included relationships prostitutes all the way to many other women of high rank including countesses.  He even had three children with one lover.  Unfortunatetly, his lifestyle ultimately resulted in his contracting syphilis.  As his syphilis progressed his writing got more and more shocking because he himself was losing his sense of reality.  Eventually he became convinced that flies were devouring his brain.  He tried to shoot himself, then he rammed a paper knife into his throat.  This got him taken to an asylym where he stayed until he died just a few months later.      Wow.  That ending is somewhat shocking.     Well, it truly is and perhaps ironic that a writer so respected for his ability to see real life for what it really was, ended his life without a real notion of reality.      Well, Tolstoy, the Russian writer found him worthy enough of a writer to write a very long and complimentary piece titled “The Works of Guy de Maupassant”.  He claimed that de  MauPaussant could see with his own eyes things as they were, see their meaning, see the contradictions of life, which are hidden from others and vividly present them.      Yes, and that in a nutshell is basically what what he's famous for.  At that time, many writers in France, and this includes Flaubert, de MauPassant's mentor, but also others most notably Emile Zola, were moving away from a romanticized way of writing about the world towards a move gritty realistic way.   The trend was to portray life as it really was- we call this realism.  Of course, we saw this with Ibsen and the theater.  In Ibsen's plays he also  portrayed real life, but Ibsen was working in the theater.  We saw this with Chopin.  But the French were doing this first and most notably in the plastic arts, like painting. One notable and famous early example was a politically controversial artist by the name of Gustave Coubert.  He would paint peasants, which wasn't that big of a deal, but in his work, tney weren't out in some field happily picking wheat.  They were miserable.  He was showing that life was hard—people didn't like that in their paintings.  They wanted the romantized versions showing how beautiful life was., Guy de Maupasasnt was in this vein.  He didn't want to make people or life look like they were better than they really were.  However, de Maupassant wasn't just a realist in the sense that he wanted to portray real life, he extended this idea further into a branch which we call naturalism.  Now, I know I'm throwing out a lot of -isms and that can get boring, but if you understand what these guys were doing it actually makes reading the stories more interesting.  De Maupassant was of the mindset that nature held a very large sway on your agency in the world.  In other words, it's not really possible to pull yourself up by your bootstraps- the powers of this world are going to win.  He saw this in evolutionary terms- This is survival of the fittest type thinking.  The strongest survive, the weakest die and there's not a whole lot you can do about it.  God is not coming to your rescue; there is no prince charming that will swoop down.  Nobody is coming to save you.  John Steinbeck thought like this too and we see that in Of Mice and Men.      That kind of writing is pretty dark.      Well, it certainly can be.  But our story today isn't as dark as Of Mice and Men; no one dies, but we do see that people are what they are, and they are not always good.  They are selfish and often stupid.  Also, they will be products of their environment.  It's not likely that you will rewrite your story to overcome your circumstances- not really- most people will succumb to their environments.  De Maupassant said this about what he wanted to do, He wanted to “write the history of the heart, soul and mind in their normal state.”  His goal was not “telling a story or entertaining us or touching our hearts but at forcing us to think and understand the deeper, hidden meaning of events.”    So, let's do it….this story, “The Necklace” is set in Paris sometime during the 1800s.          She was one of those pretty and charming girls born, as though fate had blundered over her, into a family of artisans. She had no marriage portion, no expectations, no means of getting known, understood, loved, and wedded by a man of wealth and distinction; and she let herself be married off to a little clerk in the Ministry of Education. Her tastes were simple because she had never been able to afford any other, but she was as unhappy as though she had married beneath her; for women have no caste or class, their beauty, grace, and charm serving them for birth or family. their natural delicacy, their instinctive elegance, their nimbleness of wit, are their only mark of rank, and put the slum girl on a level with the highest lady in the land.    De MauPaussant immediately situates our protagonist in the social system of her day. During this period of European history, classes were very stratified.  There was the highest class, there were the peasants, but because of the Industrial Revolution, there was a growing middle class- but even the  middle class was stratified. The woman in this story, is from a family of artisans.  That's one class up from peasants but not prestigious or powerful by any definition.  Artisans work with their hands. Bottom line, our protagonist is born poor; however, because she is so gorgeous she is able to have a little upward mobility.  Her beauty, according to our story “puts the slum girl on a level with the higest lady of the land.”  Her husband, on the other hand, is a bureaucrat- that's better than a bricklayer of other working class people, but certainly not high ranking.      I do notice a little editorializing on the narrator's part in that he comments that women live outside of the class system since they cannot work.  They have only their physical attributes, their elegance and their social smarts as a way to improve their lives, NOT their ability to work for a living.    Indeed, and what makes this girl upset is that she thinks she is better looking and basically better than her husband because she's beautiful.  Her beauty, in her mind, means she DESERVES something in this life.  She deserves luxury, and since he can't provide that, she suffers.  She's tormented use deMaupassant's words.  Let's read how she thought of her life.     She suffered endlessly, feeling herself born for every delicacy and luxury. She suffered from the poorness of her house, from its mean walls, worn chairs, and ugly curtains. All these things, of which other women of her class would not even have been aware, tormented and insulted her. The sight of the little Breton girl who came to do the work in her little house aroused heart-broken regrets and hopeless dreams in her mind. She imagined silent antechambers, heavy with Oriental tapestries, lit by torches in lofty bronze sockets, with two tall footmen in knee-breeches sleeping in large arm-chairs, overcome by the heavy warmth of the stove. She imagined vast saloons hung with antique silks, exquisite pieces of furniture supporting priceless ornaments, and small, charming, perfumed rooms, created just for little parties of intimate friends, men who were famous and sought after, whose homage roused every other woman's envious longings.  When she sat down for dinner at the round table covered with a three-days-old cloth, opposite her husband, who took the cover off the soup-tureen, exclaiming delightedly: "Aha! Scotch broth! What could be better?" she imagined delicate meals, gleaming silver, tapestries peopling the walls with folk of a past age and strange birds in faery forests; she imagined delicate food served in marvellous dishes, murmured gallantries, listened to with an inscrutable smile as one trifled with the rosy flesh of trout or wings of asparagus chicken.  She had no clothes, no jewels, nothing. And these were the only things she loved; she felt that she was made for them. She had longed so eagerly to charm, to be desired, to be wildly attractive and sought after.  She had a rich friend, an old school friend whom she refused to visit, because she suffered so keenly when she returned home. She would weep whole days, with grief, regret, despair, and misery.  It's a very long description describing her “misery.”  It's also a long description of the things she imagines she deserves.  And again, we see our narrator communicating through the subtext that maybe, this woman's perspective does not align with her reality.  She describes how bad her house is..but notice she has a MAID!!!  So, obviously, she is better than some people.  Also, she complains that she doesn't have elegant food over her dinner, so obviously she's not starving.      If you listen to how she behaves it's pitifully over-dramatic.  Listen to the language- it is as if she were in a war zone, but the reality is, she's not as well off as her friend friend from her old school days.  The text states the ONLY thing she loves is clothes and jewels.  She weeps for whole days with grief, regret, despair and misery, but what is she weeping over?  We are set up to question this woman's priorities and perspectives.  One evening her husband came home with an exultant air, holding a large envelope in his hand.  " Here's something for you," he said.  Swiftly she tore the paper and drew out a printed card on which were these words:  "The Minister of Education and Madame Ramponneau request the pleasure of the company of Monsieur and Madame Loisel at the Ministry on the evening of Monday, January the 18th."  Instead of being delighted, as her-husband hoped, she flung the invitation petulantly across the table, murmuring:  "What do you want me to do with this?"  "Why, darling, I thought you'd be pleased. You never go out, and this is a great occasion. I had tremendous trouble to get it. Every one wants one; it's very select, and very few go to the clerks. You'll see all the really big people there."  She looked at him out of furious eyes, and said impatiently: "And what do you suppose I am to wear at such an affair?"  He had not thought about it; he stammered:  "Why, the dress you go to the theatre in. It looks very nice, to me...."  He stopped, stupefied and utterly at a loss when he saw that his wife was beginning to cry. Two large tears ran slowly down from the corners of her eyes towards the corners of her mouth.  "What's the matter with you? What's the matter with you?" he faltered.  But with a violent effort she overcame her grief and replied in a calm voice, wiping her wet cheeks:  "Nothing. Only I haven't a dress and so I can't go to this party. Give your invitation to some friend of yours whose wife will be turned out better than I shall."  He was heart-broken.  "Look here, Mathilde," he persisted. :What would be the cost of a suitable dress, which you could use on other occasions as well, something very simple?"  She thought for several seconds, reckoning up prices and also wondering for how large a sum she could ask without bringing upon herself an immediate refusal and an exclamation of horror from the careful-minded clerk.  At last she replied with some hesitation:  "I don't know exactly, but I think I could do it on four hundred francs."  He grew slightly pale, for this was exactly the amount he had been saving for a gun, intending to get a little shooting next summer on the plain of Nanterre with some friends who went lark-shooting there on Sundays.  Nevertheless he said: "Very well. I'll give you four hundred francs. But try and get a really nice dress with the money."    Again, the focus of our story is Madame Mathilde Loisel.  Her husband, so proud of himself, has scored for his miserable and despairing wife a very impressive and selective invitation to go to a ball, an event for elite people.  She weeps for days because she doesn't have a certain life, and he's finally found something he thinks his wife will appreciate.   What follows is a dialogue between the two where we see Mathilde very obviously condescend to and degrade her husband. She also manipulates him to get something she wants.  She says this,    Only I haven't a dress and so I can't go to this party. Give your invitation to some friend of yours whose wife will be turned out better than I shall."  He was heart-broken.    In other words, give this invitation that you think I'll like to a better man than you.  Find a bigger man who can take care of his wife better than you can take care of yours.  This is passive aggressive and accusasatory and it  has the desired effect.  She breaks his heart.  He wants to know how much it would cost to satisfy her, and we notice that she takes her time before responding.  She asks for exactly the amount he has set aside for a hunting trip- we aren't told this is a coincidence, but we have been led to believe this is a self-centered manipulative woman.  He gives her the whole thing.        The day of the party drew near, and Madame Loisel seemed sad, uneasy and anxious. Her dress was ready, however. One evening her husband said to her:  "What's the matter with you? You've been very odd for the last three days."  "I'm utterly miserable at not having any jewels, not a single stone, to wear," she replied. "I shall look absolutely no one. I would almost rather not go to the party."    Again- the hyperbolic language demonstrates her total contempt and ingratitude for her husband.  She's miserable because she doesn't have jewels.  Remember- clothes and jewels are the only things she loves. She's humiliated, and she looks to her husband to problem-solve for her.   He's going to recommend she go see her rich friend- which she does.      "Wear flowers," he said. "They're very smart at this time of the year. For ten francs you could get two or three gorgeous roses."  She was not convinced.  "No . . . there's nothing so humiliating as looking poor in the middle of a lot of rich women."  "How stupid you are!" exclaimed her husband. "Go and see Madame Forestier and ask her to lend you some jewels. You know her quite well enough for that."  She uttered a cry of delight.  "That's true. I never thought of it."  Next day she went to see her friend and told her her trouble.  Madame Forestier went to her dressing-table, took up a large box, brought it to Madame Loisel, opened it, and said:  "Choose, my dear."  First she saw some bracelets, then a pearl necklace, then a Venetian cross in gold and gems, of exquisite workmanship. She tried the effect of the jewels before the mirror, hesitating, unable to make up her mind to leave them, to give them up. She kept on asking:  "Haven't you anything else?"  "Yes. Look for yourself. I don't know what you would like best."  Suddenly she discovered, in a black satin case, a superb diamond necklace; her heart began to beat covetousIy. Her hands trembled as she lifted it. She fastened it round her neck, upon her high dress, and remained in ecstasy at sight of herself.  Then, with hesitation, she asked in anguish:  "Could you lend me this, just this alone?"  "Yes, of course."  She flung herself on her friend's breast, embraced her frenziedly, and went away with her treasure.    Again notice the words, her heart beats “covetously”.  Her hands tremble.  She's in ecstacy.  She embraces her friend in a frenzy.      The day of the party arrived. Madame Loisel was a success. She was the prettiest woman present, elegant, graceful, smiling, and quite above herself with happiness. All the men stared at her, inquired her name, and asked to be introduced to her. All the Under-Secretaries of State were eager to waltz with her. The Minister noticed her.  She danced madly, ecstatically, drunk with pleasure, with no thought for anything, in the triumph of her beauty, in the pride of her success, in a cloud of happiness made up of this universal homage and admiration, of the desires she had aroused, of the completeness of a victory so dear to her feminine heart.    What is interesting about this account of the party is that it's so short.  Her delusions of gradeur at the beginning were described in more words.  She's a hit.  She's the most beautiful woman there and by far.  All the men want to dance with her.  The Minister himself notices her.  She is “drunk with pleasure”.  All she thinks about is her triumph, her success the “universal homage and admiration”. Her presence at the ball is a complete victory.  In other words, she gets everything she wanted.  Except, it only lasts two short paragraphs.     She left about four o'clock in the morning. Since midnight her husband had been dozing in a deserted little room, in company with three other men whose wives were having a good time. He threw over her shoulders the garments he had brought for them to go home in, modest everyday clothes, whose poverty clashed with the beauty of the ball-dress. She was conscious of this and was anxious to hurry away, so that she should not be noticed by the other women putting on their costly furs.  Loisel restrained her.  "Wait a little. You'll catch cold in the open. I'm going to fetch a cab."  But she did not listen to him and rapidly descended-the staircase. When they were out in the street they could not find a cab; they began to look for one, shouting at the drivers whom they saw passing in the distance.  They walked down towards the Seine, desperate and shivering. At last they found on the quay one of those old nightprowling carriages which are only to be seen in Paris after dark, as though they were ashamed of their shabbiness in the daylight.    Notice how much attention is paid to the fact that she's ashamed.  This paragraph is just as long as the entire party.  She races out the door because she's ashamed of her coat.  Her husband literally tries to restrain her, but she's in a rush.  She shouts, she walks, she's out pacing in the streets ashamed of her “shabbiness.”    It brought them to their door in the Rue des Martyrs, and sadly they walked up to their own apartment. It was the end, for her. As for him, he was thinking that he must be at the office at ten.  She took off the garments in which she had wrapped her shoulders, so as to see herself in all her glory before the mirror. But suddenly she uttered a cry. The necklace was no longer round her neck!  "What's the matter with you?" asked her husband, already half undressed.  She turned towards him in the utmost distress.  "I . . . I . . . I've no longer got Madame Forestier's necklace. . . ."  He started with astonishment.  "What! . . . Impossible!"  They searched in the folds of her dress, in the folds of the coat, in the pockets, everywhere. They could not find it.  "Are you sure that you still had it on when you came away from the ball?" he asked.  "Yes, I touched it in the hall at the Ministry."  "But if you had lost it in the street, we should have heard it fall."  "Yes. Probably we should. Did you take the number of the cab?"  "No. You didn't notice it, did you?"  "No."  They stared at one another, dumbfounded. At last Loisel put on his clothes again.  "I'll go over all the ground we walked," he said, "and see if I can't find it."  And he went out. She remained in her evening clothes, lacking strength to get into bed, huddled on a chair, without volition or power of thought.  Her husband returned about seven. He had found nothing.  He went to the police station, to the newspapers, to offer a reward, to the cab companies, everywhere that a ray of hope impelled him.    Notice the juxtaposition here- after the necklace is lost, the husband takes the initiative to look for it.  He looks for it until 7am.  Matilde lays in bed.  He walks, he goes to the police, he goes to the newspapers, he offers a reward.  She does nothing.    She waited all day long, in the same state of bewilderment at this fearful catastrophe.  Loisel came home at night, his face lined and pale; he had discovered nothing.  "You must write to your friend," he said, "and tell her that you've broken the clasp of her necklace and are getting it mended. That will give us time to look about us."  She wrote at his dictation.    By the end of a week they had lost all hope.  Loisel, who had aged five years, declared:  "We must see about replacing the diamonds."  Next day they took the box which had held the necklace and went to the jewellers whose name was inside. He consulted his books.  "It was not I who sold this necklace, Madame; I must have merely supplied the clasp."  Then they went from jeweller to jeweller, searching for another necklace like the first, consulting their memories, both ill with remorse and anguish of mind.  In a shop at the Palais-Royal they found a string of diamonds which seemed to them exactly like the one they were looking for. It was worth forty thousand francs. They were allowed to have it for thirty-six thousand.  They begged the jeweller not to sell it for three days. And they arranged matters on the understanding that it would be taken back for thirty-four thousand francs, if the first one were found before the end of February.  Loisel possessed eighteen thousand francs left to him by his father. He intended to borrow the rest.  He did borrow it, getting a thousand from one man, five hundred from another, five louis here, three louis there. He gave notes of hand, entered into ruinous agreements, did business with usurers and the whole tribe of money-lenders. He mortgaged the whole remaining years of his existence, risked his signature without even knowing it he could honour it, and, appalled at the agonising face of the future, at the black misery about to fall upon him, at the prospect of every possible physical privation and moral torture, he went to get the new necklace and put down upon the jeweller's counter thirty-six thousand francs.    By this point in the story, no one should have any respect for Matilde.  She has done nothing for herself.  We even find out that he has a pretty good inheritance from his father, and he spends the entirety of it to partially pay for this necklace his wife lost.  Listen to the language, he is appalled at the agonizing face of the future, at the lack misery about to fall upon him, at the prospect of every possible physical privation and moral torture….it's very inflated language- in fact, the sentence structure and contrasts very obviously with the language used to describe Matilde  in all of her glory.  The inflated misery will be as inflated as her momentary glory- except it will last into the infinite future.    This stands out!  His misery is undeserved.  Her short-lived fabricated glory is undeserved.  He is grounded in his own reality; she does nothing to fix her problem; it is his to solve.      When Madame Loisel took back the necklace to Madame Forestier, the latter said to her in a chilly voice:  "You ought to have brought it back sooner; I might have needed it."  She did not, as her friend had feared, open the case. If she had noticed the substitution, what would she have thought? What would she have said? Would she not have taken her for a thief?  ***  Madame Loisel came to know the ghastly life of abject poverty.   From the very first she played her part heroically. This fearful debt must be paid off. She would pay it. The servant was dismissed. They changed their flat; they took a garret under the roof.  She came to know the heavy work of the house, the hateful duties of the kitchen. She washed the plates, wearing out her pink nails on the coarse pottery and the bottoms of pans. She washed the dirty linen, the shirts and dish-cloths, and hung them out to dry on a string; every morning she took the dustbin down into the street and carried up the water, stopping on each landing to get her breath. And, clad like a poor woman, she went to the fruiterer, to the grocer, to the butcher, a basket on her arm, haggling, insulted, fighting for every wretched halfpenny of her money.  Every month notes had to be paid off, others renewed, time gained.  Her husband worked in the evenings at putting straight a merchant's accounts, and often at night he did copying at twopence-halfpenny a page.  And this life lasted ten years.    At the beginning of the story, we see that she thought she was poor.  Now, she has come to know what real poverty looks like.  Now she is “glad like a poor woman.”    At the end of ten years everything was paid off, everything, the usurer's charges and the accumulation of superimposed interest.  Madame Loisel looked old now. She had become like all the other strong, hard, coarse women of poor households. Her hair was badly done, her skirts were awry, her hands were red. She spoke in a shrill voice, and the water slopped all over the floor when she scrubbed it. But sometimes, when her husband was at the office, she sat down by the window and thought of that evening long ago, of the ball at which she had been so beautiful and so much admired.    If you remember, this is how she started.  She was pretty but she was poor.  Now she's poor and ugly, like everyone else who she thought she was better than. Even her dillusions have stopped.  All she has is the memory of her one moment of glory.     What would have happened if she had never lost those jewels. Who knows? Who knows? How strange life is, how fickle! How little is needed to ruin or to save!  One Sunday, as she had gone for a walk along the Champs-Elysees to freshen herself after the labours of the week, she caught sight suddenly of a woman who was taking a child out for a walk. It was Madame Forestier, still young, still beautiful, still attractive.  Madame Loisel was conscious of some emotion. Should she speak to her? Yes, certainly. And now that she had paid, she would tell her all. Why not?  She went up to her.  "Good morning, Jeanne."  The other did not recognise her, and was surprised at being thus familiarly addressed by a poor woman.  "But . . . Madame . . ." she stammered. "I don't know . . . you must be making a mistake."  "No . . . I am Mathilde Loisel."  Her friend uttered a cry.  "Oh! . . . my poor Mathilde, how you have changed! . . ."  "Yes, I've had some hard times since I saw you last; and many sorrows . . . and all on your account."  "On my account! . . . How was that?"  "You remember the diamond necklace you lent me for the ball at the Ministry?"  "Yes. Well?"  "Well, I lost it."  "How could you? Why, you brought it back."  "I brought you another one just like it. And for the last ten years we have been paying for it. You realise it wasn't easy for us; we had no money. . . . Well, it's paid for at last, and I'm glad indeed."  Madame Forestier had halted.  "You say you bought a diamond necklace to replace mine?"  "Yes. You hadn't noticed it? They were very much alike."  And she smiled in proud and innocent happiness.  Madame Forestier, deeply moved, took her two hands.  "Oh, my poor Mathilde! But mine was imitation. It was worth at the very most five hundred francs! . . .     And of course the irony.  If you remember, irony is when things are opposite.  Here we have situational irony.  The situation is the opposite of what we should have expected.  And the story ends with an ellipsis…what happens next has no consequence.  The self-delusion, the self-serving nature, the lack of agency, all of it…was it her destiny, was it her personality, was it her society, de Maupassant ends with an ellipsis, but he has led us to his conclusion.      If we go back to the essay Tolstoy wrote about Guy de Maupassant, this is what he had to say,    There has hardly been another such an author, who thought so sincerely that all the good, the whole meaning of life was in woman, in love, and who with such force of passion described woman and the love of her from all sides, and there has hardly been another author, who with such clearness and precision has pointed out all the terrible sides of the same phenomenon, which to him seemed to be the highest, and one that gives the greatest good to men. The more he comprehended this phenomenon, the more did it become unveiled; the shrouds fell off, and all there was left was its terrible consequences and its still more terrible reality.- Tolstoy    Oh, I feel like for me to comment here would be swimming in dangerous waters.    HA!  Yes, it seems that Guy de Maupassant loved women passionately in every way until the day he died, but he was a realist; he was a naturalist.  Humanity is what it is- both men and women are equally human, and he felt no need to romanticize our essence.  It's kind of refreshing, really.     Well, we hope you enjoyed this very famous short story by one of our world's greatest writers of short stories.  Thank you for being with us today.  If you enjoy our work, please like us on social media.  Give us a review on your podcast app, but most importantly share our podcast with a friend.  That's how we grow.    Peace out!       

This episode, we head back into Gothic territory with a tale of cruelty and revenge set during the Franco-Prussian war, ‘The Lord of Chateau Noir' from 1894. You can read the short story here: https://www.arthur-conan-doyle.com/index.php?title=The_Lord_of_Ch%C3%A2teau_Noir Or listen to Greg Wagland's audiobook version here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4S8hubCSDeU The episode can be heard here: http://doingsofdoyle.podbean.com/. The episode can be heard here: http://doingsofdoyle.podbean.com/. And you can read the show notes here: https://www.doingsofdoyle.com/2022/01/22-lord-of-chateau-noir-1894.html   A version of the episode, with closed captions, will shortly appear on our YouTube channel here: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCSy23ujzPCKpttfaUwceFfA. Please like and subscribe so we can get a memorable channel URL!   Next time on the Doings of Doyle… A complete change of tone and pace with the light-hearted body-swap story, The Great Keinplatz Experiment (1885) which can be read here: https://www.arthur-conan-doyle.com/index.php?title=The_Great_Keinplatz_Experiment Become a Patron If you are enjoying the podcast and want to become a patron, please visit our Patreon page. Bonus material for this episode is now available exclusively for Patreon supporter. Acknowledgements Thanks to our sponsor, Belanger Books: www.belangerbooks.com, and to our patrons on Patreon. Image credits: Thanks to Alexis Barquin at The Arthur Conan Doyle Encyclopaedia for permission to reproduce these images. Please support the encyclopaedia at www.arthur-conan-doyle.com. Music credit: Sneaky Snitch Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com). Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0 License. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

Tonight we feature A Duel. Guy de Maupassant's telling of post Franco-Prussian war, and France is overrun with the victors.Send your stories to bigvoicejay@gmail.com.Support the show (https://www.buymeacoffee.com/bvjpod)

This episode, we are joined by Dr Merrick Burrow, Head of English and Creative Writing at the University of Huddersfield, to talk about The Cottingley Fairies: A Study in Deception, an exhibition Merrick has curated for the Treasures of the Brotherton Gallery at the University of Leeds.    You can visit the exhibition online here: https://library.leeds.ac.uk/events/event/1900/galleries/375/the-cottingley-fairies-a-study-in-deception You can read Conan Doyle's The Coming of the Fairies here: https://www.arthur-conan-doyle.com/index.php?title=The_Coming_of_the_Fairies The episode can be heard here: http://doingsofdoyle.podbean.com/. And you can read the show notes here: https://www.doingsofdoyle.com/2021/12/21-conan-doyle-and-cottingley-fairies.html  A version of the episode, with closed captions, will shortly appear on our YouTube channel here: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCSy23ujzPCKpttfaUwceFfA. Please like and subscribe so we can get a memorable channel URL!   Next time on the Doings of Doyle… We travel to the Franco-Prussian war for a Gothic treat, ‘The Lord of Château Noir.' You can read the story here: https://www.arthur-conan-doyle.com/index.php?title=The_Lord_of_Ch%C3%A2teau_Noir Become a Patron If you are enjoying the podcast and want to become a patron, please visit our Patreon page. Bonus material for this episode is now available exclusively for Patreon supporter. Acknowledgements Thanks to our sponsor, Belanger Books: www.belangerbooks.com, and to our patrons on Patreon. Image credits: Thanks to Alexis Barquin at The Arthur Conan Doyle Encyclopaedia for permission to reproduce these images. Please support the encyclopaedia at www.arthur-conan-doyle.com. Music credit: Sneaky Snitch Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com). Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0 License. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

Our Lady of Pontmain Marian ApparitionsOur Lady visited Pontmain in January 18, 1871.Within 10 days, the Franco-Prussian war ended.Get the complete account of the Apparitions at Pontmain.This Apparition is close to my heart, since it is the reason my ancestors came to America in 1880 after Bismarck has destroyed our ancestral homes. Also January 18 is my dad's birthday.More about Marian ApparitionsJourneys of Faith Bob and Penny Lord's StoreJourneys of Faith Blog Subscribe to our Free Blog Easy PeasyBob and Penny Lord TV Channel Miracles of the Eucharist, Apparitions of Mary, and lives of the Saints videos on demand.Support the show (https://www.patreon.com/bobandpennylord?fan_landing=true)

Join in as we talk to Jesse Alexander and Cathérine Pfauth who work on the absolutely fantastic project called Glory and Defeat.  This project provides a needed indepth study of the Franco Prussian war including a week by week study of the war.  You can find their channel at:  https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCB1eDEd1AYG3YrRIJSZzMOQ

This week, I start by comparing and contrasting Krupp's labor practices to Amazon's, and then I discuss bronze vs. steel cannons. From there, we get to talk about Alfred's unhappy marriage, truly bad but somehow not the worst marriage in this family. Also, a discussion of Krupp's houses, from the Garden House to Villa Hügel, which is such an insane building. I talk about the arms trade in the 19th century, and the Franco-Prussian war. There's some delightful hypochondria, and Krupp's relationship to US railroads and US Steel.

On the eastern edge of Paris sits the once-influential Domaine National de Saint-Cloud. Destroyed by the Franco-Prussian war of 1870 the sight now hosts beautiful gardens and walking trails. In this episode, Seth explores efforts to rebuild the chateau and the effect that would have on the surrounding space. By Seth Jackson

The Paris Commune lasted less than 100 days, yet this populist movement had extraordinary impact and offers a fascinating comparison to populist turbulence in 2021. Having survived the horrors of the Siege of Paris, winter of 1870-71, Parisians refused to accept the terms of French surrender after the Franco-Prussian war and declared independence. For ten weeks, the Communards experimented with alternative living: revolutionising education, political representation, the role of women, the upbringing of children, even parts of the landscape. The Commune was crushed brutally at the end of May, but it caught the attention of conservatives and radicals across the world. 150 years later, what does the Commune still have to say to us? Have we lost its legacy or, just maybe, are we all Communards now? Dan Rebellato, writer and thinker, is inspired by personal observation of the modern legacy of the commune: “In 2016, my wife and I moved to Paris and we had a baby. In London, walking along a narrow pavement with a buggy, people generally get out of your way. In Paris, there's often a stand-off. In London, the public space is not really public at all; we carry with us a portable sphere of private space that should not be invaded. In Paris, if you're on the street, you're in the debate. Although French society is in many ways very deferential and hierarchical, this is not true on the streets. Anyone can speak to anyone - in Paris, every encounter is a debate. And so I found myself looking into the history of those Parisian streets; the way they've been remodelled and remade, the way the famous cobblestones have been torn up as weapons, the way the boulevards are ghosted by barricades and street battles. It's a story that has markers in 1968 and 1961 and 1945 and 1940 but ultimately this contested Paris, where the very streets are sites of battle and debate, takes us back to 1871 and the Commune.” These essays will bring the Commune to life with vivid description of key moments, entering into history, to explore how it shaped French society and beyond, through personal connection with the facts and the sense of a city Dan knows well. Essay 5: Women 23 May 1871: As the French army poured into Paris to end the Commune, Parisians set light to some major buildings in a vain effort to stop their advance. On 23 May 1871, the Tuileries Palace was ignited. Amid the smoke and fire a new figure was born: the ‘petroleuse', the woman communard with a bottle of petrol, glorying in the destruction she wreaked. In fact, there is very little evidence that such determined incendiarists existed, yet reports spread, ironically, like wildfire. The destructive woman became a cautionary tale and an icon of the Commune, haunting generations to come. The complexity and contradiction of women gaining independence is still resonant – the demonisation and vilification of over strident women is ubiquitous. The Commune genuinely offered women new ways of being, new models and roles. Yet this new woman is ghosted in the figure of the petroleuse, a horrified and horrifying response to repudiating a conventional domesticity. Dan Rebellato is a leading British radio dramatist, as well as a Professor of Contemporary Theatre at Royal Holloway London. He has written extensively for BBC Radio 3 and 4, most recently Killer for Radio 3, as well as theatres such as Plymouth Drum, Suspect Culture and Graeae, and Pitlochry Festival Theatre. He has won Sonys and BBC Audio Awards for his radio dramas. He was lead writer on the blockbuster BBC Radio 4 Series, Emile Zola; Blood Sex and Money, starring Glenda Jackson. He has published several books, most recently co editing Contemporary European Playwrights in 2020, and is currently writing a practical playwriting guide for the National Theatre, due out in 2021/22. Director/Producer, Polly Thomas Executive Producer, Eloise Whitmore A Naked Production for BBC Radio 3

Darrell Castle talks about his perception right now that he lives in a country occupied by a foreign and hostile force — not a foreign nation, but a foreign ideology that is foreign to everything he holds dear and everything he has believed all his life; a foreign and hostile ideology that occupies the halls of power, of education, of business and of entertainment. Transcript/Notes: I LIVE IN AN OCCUPIED COUNTRY Hello this is Darrell Castle with today's Castle Report. Today is Friday the 30th day of April in the year of our Lord 2021. I will be talking about how my perception right now is as if I live in a country occupied by a foreign and hostile force. I don't mean a foreign nation but a foreign ideology that is foreign to everything I hold dear and everything I have believed in throughout my life. Yes, a foreign and hostile ideology occupies the halls of power, of education, of business, and of entertainment. Today is the last Friday and the last day of April and temperatures are starting to heat up here in the River City. Yesterday the temperature was in the mid 80's and the Castle family roses are responding with their beauty coming out for our enjoyment. We are fine and in good health now just rolling with the punches as is the family daughter out in the land of California. Speaking of living in an occupied country, many people in 1940 thought that the French army was superior to the Germans because of the vast numbers of men and tanks, but all those people turned out to be wrong. It took the Germans about four weeks to conquer France and occupy Paris. The older French people who had sacrificed so much in the previous war cried, the young men were in uniform or in the resistance, as were many of the young women. They all had a common hope, however, and that hope rested in the hundreds of thousands of young men willing to risk their lives to rescue them and their nation. We have no such hope today and that is the sad part of this story. There are no American and British soldiers coming to our rescue. That is why the resistance to our occupiers is so important just as the French Resistance was important to the Allied war effort. To have a proper understanding of the world especially the technologically advanced world of today, a nation must have an educated class of people. For example, when Otto von Bismarck led Germany in its defeat of France in the Franco Prussian war of 1870, he thanked the German schoolteachers. The Nazis took control of the schools to make sure that only Nazi propaganda was taught to the young French Children. Today, in America, a foreign ideology has complete control of education, or what is left of it, from kindergarten through university. They have left in their wake a human catastrophe of lost potential and societal destruction. Young people who endure even 12 years of stultifying politically correct propaganda are handicapped for life by the decisions of the new occupying ideology that now runs American education. Many people say that American education is a failure since it ranks near the bottom of the industrialized world, but my view is that it is a spectacular success. The schools in America are doing and doing well the job they are intended to do and that is to turn out more grist for the mill that is the godless, atheistic new world ideology that has won the war for the soul of America. The enemy responds by saying that all the problems that it has created are easily explained by systemic racism. The way that works is to attempt to convince normal that they carry some type of original racism sin in their DNA. Since normal people are systemically racist without knowing it, the system must be gamed to counter that unknown gene. The result of it all is a hostile, divided nation that can accomplish nothing except to march along to the drumbeat of the new pied piper taking us nearer the falls each day. The people who control all this are so incredibly despicable that it would be hard to over...

23 Feb 2021: There is history of innovation here with it being one of the first Domaines to practice estate bottling in the 1930s, and perhaps more significantly the Ponsots were among the first growers to understand the importance of clones and clonal selection – many of the most important Pinot Noir clones originate from their vineyards. The first Ponsot on the scene was William, originally from St Romain but on returning from the Franco-Prussian war he settled in Morey St Denis in 1872 and bought vineyard land including the Clos des Monts Luisants. He was succeeded in 1920 by his cousin and godson, Hippolyte Ponsot, who was joined by his son Jean-Marie in 1942. Jean-Marie, long-time mayor of Morey, ran the business from 1958 until the early 1980s when his son Laurent, took over.In 2017 Laurent Ponsot stepped down from the estate to concentrate on personal ventures. Rose-Marie Ponsot became the sole Director of the company, seconded by Alexandre Abel.Join this webinar as Alexandre Abel and I guide us through the history and evolution of Domaine Ponsot, as we enjoy these specially chosen wines.Domaine Ponsot Wine Samples:2017 Clos de la Roche, Cuvée Vieilles Vignes, Grand Cru2013 Clos de la Roche, Cuvée Vieilles Vignes, Grand Cru2010 Clos de la Roche, Cuvée Vieilles Vignes, Grand Cru2006 Clos de la Roche, Cuvée Vieilles Vignes, Grand Cru2001 Clos de la Roche, Cuvée Vieilles Vignes, Grand Cru1999 Clos de la Roche, Cuvée Vieilles Vignes, Grand CruWatch the replay here.Subscribe to my website and get full access to my scores, tasting notes, detailed write-ups on producers and much more:https://www.insideburgundy.com/register/See all our events at: https://www.insideburgundy.com/all-events/Daily updates on our Instagram: @insideburgundy@insideburgundy #67fromhome #67pallmall #JMIBLive #JasperMorris #insideburgundy

Today we celebrate an American lyrical poet and playwright who wrote some beautiful poems about flowers. We'll also learn about the Scottish surgeon who advised using sphagnum moss to treat wounded soldiers.   We hear inspiring words about Winter Aconite (Eranthis hyemalis “YER-anth-iss hy-uh-MAY-lis”) We Grow That Garden Library™ with a book about medicine - herbal medicine - an invaluable comprehensive reference. And then we’ll wrap things up with the story of a favorite student of Carl Linnaeus known as “the Vulture.”   Subscribe Apple | Google | Spotify | Stitcher | iHeart To listen to the show while you're at home, just ask Alexa or Google to “Play the latest episode of The Daily Gardener Podcast.” And she will. It's just that easy.   The Daily Gardener Friday Newsletter Sign up for the FREE Friday Newsletter featuring: A personal update from me Garden-related items for your calendar The Grow That Garden Library™ featured books for the week Gardener gift ideas Garden-inspired recipes Exclusive updates regarding the show Plus, each week, one lucky subscriber wins a book from the Grow That Garden Library™ bookshelf.   Gardener Greetings Send your garden pics, stories, birthday wishes, and so forth to Jennifer@theDailyGardener.org   Curated News 8 Ways To Create A Garden That Feels Like Art | Garden Design | Pam Penick   Facebook Group If you'd like to check out my curated news articles and original blog posts for yourself, you're in luck. I share all of it with the Listener Community in the Free Facebook Group - The Daily Gardener Community. So, there’s no need to take notes or search for links. The next time you're on Facebook, search for Daily Gardener Community, where you’d search for a friend... and request to join. I'd love to meet you in the group.   Important Events February 22, 1892 Today is the birthday of the American lyrical poet and playwright Edna St. Vincent Millay. Gardeners cherish Edna’s verses like: April comes like an idiot, babbling and strewing flowers. I would blossom if I were a rose. I will be the gladdest thing under the sun!  I will touch a hundred flowers and not pick one. However, Edna threw some shade at the very poisonous and rank-smelling Jimsonweed plant, the Thorn-apple, or Datura stramonium (“duh-too-ruh stra-MO-nee-um") in her poem “In the Grave No Flowers," writing: Here the rank-smelling Thorn-apple,—and who Would plant this by his dwelling? Well, it turns out the American botanist and geneticist Albert Francis Blakeslee was especially fond of Datura. In fact, one of Albert’s friends once joked that in his life, Albert enjoyed two great love affairs — with his wife Margaret and with Datura, and in that order. Not surprisingly, Edna’s verse riled Albert, and in response, he sent her a letter: "I thought I would write to you, and … answer... your question by saying that I would plant this by my dwelling and have done so for the last thirty years rather extensively. It turns out that this plant (Datura stramonium) is perhaps the very best plant with which to discover principles of heredity." Now, Datura's common name, Jimsonweed, is derived from Jamestown’s colonial settlement, where British soldiers were given a salad made with boiled “Jamestown weed” or Jimsonweed. For days after eating the greens, instead of quelling the colonial uprising known as the Bacon rebellion, the British soldiers turned fools, blowing feathers in the air, running about naked, and acting entirely out of their minds. Datura’s other common names, the thorn apple or the devil’s apple, offer a clue that Datura is a nightshade plant. Those sinister names came about because nightshades were historically thought to be evil. In contrast, the Algonquin Indians and other ancient peoples regarded Datura as a shamanistic plant, and they smoked Datura to induce intoxication and hallucinations or visions. The etymology of the name Datura comes from an early Sanskrit word meaning “divine inebriation.”   February 22, 1932 Today is the anniversary of the death of the Scottish surgeon Charles Walker Cathcart. During WWI, Charles and his peer Isaac Balfour wrote a paper where they advised following the common German practice of using sphagnum moss to treat wounded soldiers. After this article, sphagnum moss was robustly harvested for wound dressings for the British Army. An article published by the Smithsonian Magazine called “How Humble Moss Healed the Wounds of Thousands in World War I” shared the history of the use of moss: “In ancient times, Gaelic-Irish sources wrote that warriors in the battle of Clontarf used moss to pack their wounds. Moss was also used by Native Americans, who lined their children’s cradles and [used] it as a type of natural diaper. It continued to be used sporadically when battles erupted, including during the Napoleonic and Franco-Prussian wars. Lieutenant-Colonel E.P. Sewell of the General Hospital in Alexandria, Egypt, wrote approvingly that, “It is very absorbent, far more than cotton wool, and has remarkable deodorizing power.” Lab experiments around the same time vindicated his observations: Sphagnum moss can hold up to 22 times its own weight in liquid, making it twice as absorbent as cotton.” In response to Charles’ advice, communities organized moss drives. A December 19, 1916 article from the Caspar Star-Tribune out of Caspar Wyoming was simply titled: Gather Moss For War Bandages. It read, “Thousands of women and children, unable to perform other war works, are daily combing the misty hills of Scotland and the Irish west coast for moss for absorbent dressings. Recently they filled an order for 20,000 bandages. The moss is wrapped in cotton gauze and applied to open wounds.”   Unearthed Words When the six-year-old Dorothy L. Sayers moved to her new home at  Bluntisham rectory in the Fens in January 1897: As the fly turned into the drive, she cried out with astonishment, “Look, Auntie, look! The ground is all yellow, like the sun.” This sudden splash of gold remained in her memory all her life. The ground was carpeted with early flowering aconites. Later, her father told her the legend that these flowers grew in England only where Roman soldiers have shed their blood, and Bluntisham contained the outworks of a Roman camp. So as early as this, and as young as she was, her imagination was caught by ancient Rome. — Roy Vickery, author and Curator of Flowering Plants at the London Natural History Museum, A Dictionary of Plant Lore, Winter Aconite (Eranthis hyemalis “YER-anth-iss hy-uh-MAY-lis”)   Grow That Garden Library Encyclopedia of Herbal Medicine by Andrew Chevallier  This book came out in 2016, and the subtitle is 550 Herbs and Remedies for Common Ailments. In this book, you really get one of the remarkable reference books of herbal remedies. The format is exact, and the information is reliable. If your looking to learn about the herbs that can help promote health and well-being, you have found a terrific resource. The instructions in this large volume are straightforward to follow, and you will be able to cultivate your own garden apothecary custom-tailored to your own health. In addition, this herbal encyclopedia is easy to use and allows you to look up information either with plant names or by ailments. This book is 336 pages of a detailed herbal reference with proven natural remedies and advice for growing herbs that will be the most helpful to you in your garden this season. You can get a copy of Encyclopedia of Herbal Medicine by Andrew Chevallier and support the show using the Amazon Link in today's Show Notes for around $30   Today’s Botanic Spark Reviving the little botanic spark in your heart February 22, 1756 Today is the anniversary of the death of the handsome and tall Swedish botanist - and a favorite student of Carl Linnaeus known as “the Vulture” - Pehr Loefling. Pehr met Carl at the University of Uppsala, where Carl was his professor. Early on, Carl dubbed Pehr his "most beloved pupil," and he even gave Pehr a nickname; the Vulture. Carl came up with the moniker after observing that Pehr had an intuitive way of finding plants and observing the most minute details of plant specimens. When Pehr wrote his dissertation called “On the Buds of Trees,” his observation skills were put to use. Pehr's paper featured detailed descriptions of plants in bud in the offseason instead of in full flower during the summer. This unique perspective enabled people to identify many species in the leafless winter - something that easily confounds plant lovers - even today. When Carl felt Pehr could be a role model, tutor, and a friend to his son, he offered Pehr the chance to live with his family. Hence, Pehr continued his studies while living with the Linneaus family. After graduating, Carl recommended Pehr for an opportunity in Madrid, and this is how Pehr learned Spanish and befriended many Spanish botanists who called him Pedro. After two years of collecting over 1,400 specimens in Spain, Pehr secured a paid position on the Royal Botanical Expedition to South America with a mission of learning to cultivate a particular variety of cinnamon thought to be superior to the standard variety. By 1754, Pehr was botanizing in Venezuela with a small team that included two doctors and two artists. Pehr was just 27 years old when he died of malaria on the banks of the Caroní River at a Mission outpost on this day in 1756. He was buried beneath an orange tree. By the end of the year, over half of the expedition’s men would be dead from disease compounded by hunger and fatigue. When Linnaeus shared the news about Pehr with a friend, he wrote, “The great Vulture is dead.”   Thanks for listening to The Daily Gardener. And remember:  "For a happy, healthy life, garden every day."

Following calls from recent popes to a rediscovery of the theological virtue of hope, this paper examines a poem dealing specifically with that subject, by Charles Péguy, a French poet who died in 1914 in the early fighting of the First World War. He is a key figure of what has been called the French Catholic revival. His dramatic monologue takes the form of a catechism lesson lesson addressed to the young St. Joan of Arc, in which Hope is portrayed as a little girl. Rooted in a rediscovery of the “real” and under the influence of the philosopher Bergson, Péguy’s message seems to be that a childlike Hope could be the key to a renewal of Faith and Love, and perhaps to a re-energizing of the Christian message. Péguy wrote his poem at a time when France was deeply traumatized by the Franco-Prussian war, the Dreyfus scandal and the anti-clerical purge of the early 20th century. It was a society that had lost is bearings. Many themes of his day are strangely current in our own. This talk was delivered (online) as part of the Chavagnes 2020 Summer conference: Faith and the fin de Siècle.

In this issue, we take a look at the reunification of Germany while simultaneously discussing International Relations theory.  Thank you for subscribing, and if you enjoy reading this, please forward the newsletter to your friends. ~ KevinMost of us can probably recall seeing the images of the graffiti-covered Berlin Wall coming down in 1989.  This month marks the thirtieth anniversary of the reunification of Germany, a very important event in European history as well as in global political relations. A unified Germany and a broken Soviet Union, and its allied Warsaw Pact countries, created an environment of economic growth and the continued influence of the West. And that environment has continued throughout the following decades. In fact, at a scaled-down ceremony last week, Germany’s president declared, that the present is “the best Germany there has ever been.” But what had unified Germany earlier in its history?  Many point to the acts of Prussia’s leader, Bismarck, and his role in the Franco-Prussian war, which Prussia won.  In that process, he consolidated an order of seemingly disparate German states.  As the U.S. State Department history says, “The third and final act of German unification was the Franco-Prussian War of 1870-71, orchestrated by Bismarck to draw the western German states into an alliance with the North German Confederation. With the French defeat, the German Empire was proclaimed in January 1871 in the Palace at Versailles, France.”   What reunified Germany?   As we know Germany was divided by the East and West during the Cold War.  There continues to be a debate on the sources of the unraveling of Eastern Block countries as well as the Soviet Union.  Some suggest it was the decline of the Communist system. Others, in a related matter, suggest these decades of decline undermined the system from within and it imploded. Still others suggest it was part of the tension drawn from the conflictual relations with the U.S. that led to poor choices, or that Gorbachev’s efforts to open up the country politically set up a condition for unraveling. Some say the unraveling of the Soviet Union was due to their fighting in Afghanistan.  I put very little weight in the last point, but I do see a case for it being a confluence of the other factors.  It is important to remember that while there was an internal decline in the U.S.S.R., the Eastern European countries were behaving more autonomously, and they did not suffer all the negative repercussions that they experienced from the Soviet Union decades before.  Perhaps the most memorable element of this unraveling was the fall of the symbol of division, the Berlin Wall. However, when the wall fell there was a robust debate on how the political arrangement should be handled. Many Europeans were uneasy with the prospect of a unified Germany, in light of the painful memories of World War I and World War II.  While others, including President Bush, were strong proponents of reunification.  It might be helpful to visit some theoretical ideas that feed into this debate. The purpose of this account is to look at how much has transpired in the period, as well as how consequential specific factors are.  A lot of us look at the relations in politics (including those that are international) and focus on the traits and perspectives of individuals interacting with other individuals and producing specific outcomes.  As Kenneth Waltz said under this perspective, “the locus of the important causes of war is found in the nature and behavior of man. Wars result from selfishness, from misdirected aggressive impulses, from stupidity.” However, the reality (as Waltz would argue) is much more complicated. We can look at a country’s behavior based on their traits or consider that they operate in a global system where they influence and are influenced by other countries.  The influences range from diplomacy and commerce to culture and war.  These forces are specifically guided by the relative power of other countries.  To distill this in a different way, we can look at individuals and how their minds work to explain their behavior, or we can look at the society they operate within.  Both are interesting and helpful perspectives and I think that external frame provides a lot of insight into the relations between countries. With this in mind, we can see this system of relations among countries and things look somewhat different. The reunification of Germany and the fall of the Soviet Union take on added importance.  Although today we take the matter for granted, at the time many realized how important it could be. The world shifted from having two great powers (the U.S. and the Soviet Union) to a situation in which, for decades, the United States has been the only great power.  Today we see a clear transition to multiple levels of differing power where it most prominently features the United States and China.  However, German and European unification is a significant economic force, although nearly all the members are in alliance with the U.S. in NATO.  Nevertheless, there are at least three main units in economic power.  Russia, of course, adds to the complexity through its nuclear arsenal.  This perspective may not help us predict the motives of individual leaders, but it does help create a framework to understand the environment they operate within.  We will continue to talk about global politics in the months ahead in this context. Hopefully, that can help discourage us from thinking myopically about our complex world. Quote:“Some students of international politics believe that realism is obsolete. They argue that, although realism’s concepts of anarchy, self-help, and power balancing may have been appropriate to a bygone era, they have been displaced by changed conditions and eclipsed by better ideas. New times call for new thinking. Changing conditions require revised theories or entirely different ones. True, if the conditions that a theory contemplated have changed, the theory no longer applies. But what sorts of changes would alter the international political system so profoundly that old ways of thinking would no longer be relevant? Changes of the system would do it; changes in the system would not.” ~ Kenneth N. WaltzNews: I am enjoying the chance to share these newsletters with you in the form of the new podcasts and appreciate your continued feedback. You can reply to this email or leave your comments below.  I sincerely enjoy chatting and learning what folks think. Thank you ~ Kevin Get on the email list at modlinglobal.substack.com

Episode 9: In this episode of Kilometre 0, Richard Moore speaks to American historian Christopher Thompson, author of Tour de France, a cultural history of the race which starts by examining how the race’s origins are rooted in a national crisis of confidence and masculinity in the wake of the Franco-Prussian war. The book also looks at the ways the Tour explains France itself. Kilometre 0 by The Cycling Podcast is supported by Zwift (https://zwift.com/uk?utm_source=google&utm_medium=cpc&utm_campaign=zwift_eur_uk_cycling_search_brandcore_performance_eng-imprshare-20&gclid=Cj0KCQjwv7L6BRDxARIsAGj-34rxQYCnF2csrPn1AYQVCuNqMBu8eNDbUXLfelTIyNbOQOWLzfK_TksaAh_1EALw_wcB) , the app for riding, training and racing at home. Kilometre 0 is a 15-part series published on weekday mornings during the Tour de France.

Inter sweep aside Shakhtar to book a final date with Sevilla. Have Inter fans got their club back and can Conte finally strike it lucky in Europe? Julien Laurens and Rafa Honigstein join us ahead of a huge Champions League semi-final on Tuesday. Leipzig v PSG. Nagelsmann v Tuchel. Mbappe v Upamecano. It looks like Barcelona legend Ronald Koeman could become the next manager at the Camp Nou. Alvaro Romeo tells us about a potentially underwhelming short-term appointment. Plus Sasha’s Sergio Rico dossier and a lesson on Napoleon and Franco-Prussian history. RUNNING ORDER • PART 1: Inter 5-0 Shakhtar (01m 30s) • PART 2: Leipzig v PSG preview with Rafa Honigstein & Julien Laurens (13m 30s) • PART 3: The odds with Lee Price from Paddy Power (33m 00s) • PART 4: Ronald Koeman – Barcelona boss? With Alvaro Romeo (34m 00s) GET IN TOUCH: • follow us on Instagram (https://www.instagram.com/totallyfootballshow/) • find us on Facebook (https://www.facebook.com/thetotallyfootballshow/) • send us a tweet: @TheTotallyShow (http://www.twitter.com/thetotallyshow)   PARISH NOTICES: • we’re sponsored by Paddy Power - home of the Money Back Special (http://www.paddypower.com/)   READ STUFF ON OUR WEBSITE: • check out thetotallyfootballshow.com (http://thetotallyfootballshow.com/) .

Hello and welcome to Episode Twenty Six of Page Turn: the Largo Public Library Podcast. After missing a month due to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic we're back and so happy to be! I'm your host, Hannah! If you enjoy the podcast subscribe, tell a friend, or write us a review! The Spanish Language Book Review begins at 17:42 and ends 21:43 at The English Language Transcript can be found below But as always we start with Reader's Advisory! The Reader's Advisory for Episode Twenty Six is Speak No Evil by Uzodinma Iweala. If you like Speak No Evil you should also check out: Happiness, Like Water by Chinelo Okparanta, Every Kind of Wanting by Gina Frangello, and Where We Come From by Oscar Casares. My personal favorite Goodreads list Speak No Evil is on is Oooh Shiny! March 2018. Today’s Library Tidbit is all about tabletop gaming and Dungeons & Dragons. Tabletop game covers a very wide array of types of games, including chess, shogi, backgammon, mahjong, and go. However, Dungeons & Dragons specifically developed out of wargames. Wargames started as military training tools. The Prussian were the first known people to use tabletop wargaming and they did so for military training. Once the Prussian beat the French in the Franco-Prussian war wargaming became a more widely used training strategy and also spread to be a fun hobby. One of the more well known early wargames players was author H. G. Wells who created a rule book for a game called Little Wars that used toy soldiers, a large open area like a living room floor or a lawn, and spring loaded cannon to attack opponents with. Gary Gygax, a well known wargaming enthusiast, developed Dungeons & Dragons with Dave Arneson by adapting wargames by adding in fantasy elements. Some fantasy authors that influences Dungeons & Dragons include, but are very not limited to, J. R. R. Tolkien, Poul Anderson, Jack Vance, Fritz Leiber, and Lewis Carroll. Dungeons & Dragons is set up and the narrative run by a person called a Dungeon Master. This person is responsible for creating the dungeons (maps that the players go through), writing a narrative the players will be following, guiding the players using the narrative along the story path, playing the non-player characters and monsters, and oh yeah, keeping the rules. Players before starting the game role up a character sheet. A character sheet is where a player keeps track of their characters stats and inventory. Although D&D is famous for being played in person and on a shared “tabletop”, the game has a devoted online game scene in the modern day. Online D&D groups function the same as their offline counterparts with a Dungeon Master and a handful of players except instead of sharing a table, the group members meet over voice and video chat programs like Discord, Google Hangouts, Skype, or Zoom. If you're interested in playing Dungeons & Dragons online you can see if any friends have a group you could join, check out social media, and online discussion boards. Groups looking for new members or Dungeon Masters could post on D&D Beyond or the Looking For Group sub-reddit. You can also check out Facebook groups too! Several library workers here enjoy a variety of different types of tabletop gaming and we hope that if you’re interested that you look into trying out one using an online service. And now it's time for Book Traveler, with Victor: Intro: Welcome to a new episode of Book Traveler. My name is Victor and I am a librarian at the Largo Public Library. Today I am going to talk to you about a fiction book that we have in the Spanish collection entitled La Fruta del Borrachero by Ingrid Rojas Contreras. Synopsis: In this captivating debut, Ingrid Rojas uses by her own life to talk about the passage from childhood to adulthood of two powerful narrative voices. An exuberant story that, framed in one of the most convulsive times of Colombia, sheds light on the unexpected ties that can be born...

Let's examine the fall of Paris in the wake of The Franco-Prussian war. A group of radicals driven by class envy took control of the city and a blood bath ensued. We look briefly at some of the people this event inspired and the historical ramifications of the Paris Commune.Feature Books:The Fall of Paris: The Siege and the Commune, 1870-1871 – Alistair Horne***Free Additional Content*** Graphic Elements, Infographics, Text Versions of Selected Episodes, and other Fun stuff!Sign up for the Mailing List: http://eepurl.com/YIbLfFlick app link: https://flickchat.page.link/EWZu Flick app code: theabracastPlaylist: The Abracast Spotify Playlist ***Credits***The voice of The Abracast – Hila Assor https://hilaassor.com/Theme Song “Red Horse Rising” by X-Proph3t: http://www.reverbnation.com/xproph3tWritten / Produced / researched / Performed – Jon Towers www.abracast.com ***Contact***Visit Website: www.abracast.comEmail Jon: Towers113@gmail.com Find Jon on Twitter: @jonnyaxx https://twitter.com/JonnyAxx Find Jon on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/#!/stigmatastudiosFind Jon On Instagram: http://instagram.com/stigmatastudios ***Support*** If you enjoy the show, learned something new, or was inspired you might consider supporting the show!Become a subscriber: www.subscribestar.com/abracast Become a Pateron: https://www.patreon.com/abracastJust wanna buy me a drink?: paypal.me/stigmatastudios Stigmata Studios Comic Books and Graphic Novels: www.stigmatastudios.com ***Advertise*** Got a book, Product or Podcast? Would you would like to get your message to my audience?Advertise on The Abracast: https://www.advertisecast.com/TheAbracastAdvertise on The Abracast: https://intellifluence.com/influencer/jon-towers-61030

Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the siege of Paris during the Franco-Prussian war and the social unrest that followed, as the French capital was cut off from the rest of the country and food was scarce. When the French government surrendered Paris to the Prussians, power gravitated to the National Guard in the city and to radical socialists, and a Commune established in March 1871 with the red flag replacing the trilcoleur. The French government sent in the army and, after bloody fighting, the Communards were defeated by the end of May 1871. The image above is from an engraving of the fire in the Tuileries Palace, May 23, 1871 With Karine Varley Lecturer in French and European History at the University of Strathclyde Robert Gildea Professor of Modern History at the University of Oxford And Julia Nicholls Lecturer in French and European Studies at King’s College London Producer: Simon Tillotson

Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the siege of Paris during the Franco-Prussian war and the social unrest that followed, as the French capital was cut off from the rest of the country and food was scarce. When the French government surrendered Paris to the Prussians, power gravitated to the National Guard in the city and to radical socialists, and a Commune established in March 1871 with the red flag replacing the trilcoleur. The French government sent in the army and, after bloody fighting, the Communards were defeated by the end of May 1871. The image above is from an engraving of the fire in the Tuileries Palace, May 23, 1871 With Karine Varley Lecturer in French and European History at the University of Strathclyde Robert Gildea Professor of Modern History at the University of Oxford And Julia Nicholls Lecturer in French and European Studies at King’s College London Producer: Simon Tillotson

In the First World War, one of the main aims of the French was to retake the "lost provinces" of Alsace and Lorraine, which had been occupied by the Germans since the Franco-Prussian war of 1871. But this was only one phase of a long cycle of power imbalances leading to invasions and thirst for revenge between these two countries. Dur: 24mins File: .mp3

Welcome to Finance and Fury, The furious Friday edition Intro ep to a new FF series – probably going to be the biggest Today – episode to give the bird's eye view of the overall topic - massive topic - ranges from education, energy, transportation, medicine prices, along with 1,000 other things  Spend a number of episodes on each of these elements - look at finer details – may seem unrelated – Everything in this series - form part of the 17 SDGs set out by the UN in Agenda 2030 This may be a bit long – lots to initially unpack - but very important ep – side to history most people don’t know about – that still affects us to this day What is Agenda 2030? Most people haven’t probably heard about this – that is okay – not discussed/addressed often – but it exists 193 countries signed on to this almost 4 years ago – we were one of them (Australia) If you are one of the few who have heard of this – probably had one of two reactions, First thought of the conspiracy theories that are brought up in relation to this topic or You were thinking about the plans for a one-world government – ‘new world order’ - conspiring to provide top-down legislation to all individual governments – Term Conspiracy theory – Conspire – make secret plans jointly to commit an unlawful or harmful act – People are charged for committing conspiracy in criminal law – if you agreed with your friends to sneak out of the house when you were a kid, you conspired with them against your parents' ‘laws’ Important to not be dismissive of the label of conspiracy theory – as some of the biggest atrocities in history were committed through conspiracy theory turned into action – conspiring is theorising with another party/making plans – then if you go through with the action – it turns into another crime – conspiracy to rob a bank versus armed robbery of a bank – only individuals are charged with conspiracy – Who is in charge of governments or unelected groups like the UN? Individuals – a lot of history showing lots of conspiracies   Quick history of some conspiracies – on the Governmental/global level It was a Conspiracy that sparked USA entry into WW1 – prolonging the war for 2-3 years – millions more dead – and set up the treaty of Versailles – most historians attribute conditions of this to the aftermath in Germany and rise of the Third Reich – which lead to WW2 – This was the sinking of the Lusitania - WW1 breaks out – all know story - assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary by a Serbian nationalist in 1914 - hardly sufficient reason to plunge the world war - claim over ten million lives and twenty million wounded – let alone the generation suffering from shell shock Well – if you listened to the Fiat rise – with the initial financing model of the 5 Rothschild brothers – this was around 100 years into use by now – and nations took advantage – finance trade, colonial territories, expansion An arms race had been in progress for many years; large, standing armies had been recruited and trained; military alliances had been hammered together; all in preparation for war – but once it broke out they needed more money – EU banks had no money left – to turn to USA selected the House of Morgan-acting as partners of the Rothschilds-to act as sales agent for their bonds - money began to flow in January of 1915 when the House of Morgan signed a contract with the British Army Council and the Admiralty - Also loaned to French and Russians By end of 1915 - Germany looked like they would win the war– France and Brittan on ropes – Germany offered peace in 1916 – basis of status quo – pre-war frontiers – but Franco Prussian wars of 1871 – turned down – the conspiracy was already in action – JP and other bankers would lose a lot of money if England and France lost and couldn’t pay debts back – How to save their interests? US needs to enter Through the whole war – German Uboats (form of early sub) devastating military – but couldn’t fire on civilian ships – so allies used civilian ships but outfitted them with weapons and used them to ship war supplies Lusitania was one – and Germans knew it – treaty that they can ‘arrest’ and search – but allies opened fire as soon as UBoat rose – so they started just sinking every ship civilian or military – most were the same thing Germany tried to warn the population not to get on the ship – send warnings to be printed to US newspapers - JPM – also had control over international shipping – German and England – largest lines – English competitor had the Lusitania as one of flagships - British passenger liner that sailed regularly between Liverpool and New York – But retrofitted with 12 guns on the decks – and carry munitions Left NY on May 1 1915 – sunk 6 days later – 1,195 dead – 195 Americans - event that turned US public into pro-war JP Morgan had 1000 journalists on payroll – and strong control over media through ownerships/investments Financial records show through ‘New Haven Railroads’ – Cost $400k p.a. in 1915 – Held bonds in Boston Herald and hundreds of other companies Warnings Never got published – Needed something to turn the public pro war – as 90% didn’t want to go, and the rest were split on backing the allies, or Germans as a lot were German immigrants – Elected Wilson as he promised no war – but his campaign financers wanted differently – guess who 1916, Woodrow Wilson formally sanctioned the undertaking in negotiations for war - conversations between Colonel House and the leaders of England and France – secret to public – so once public convinced all they have to do is pass the act of war Morgan with Newspapers pushed hard on war narrative – Covered up that Lusitania was military in 1917 – USA joined – JP was saved Around same time - Conspiracy which sparked the Soviet Union – Lenin - After the outbreak of the February Revolution, German authorities allowed Lenin and his lieutenants to cross Germany en route from Switzerland to Sweden in a sealed railway car. German leaders hoped, correctly, that the return of the anti-war socialists to Russia would undermine the Russian war effort, which was continuing under the provisional government – with the US entry – needed Russia out – so they conspired to smuggle Lenin into Russia – Long and short – Morgan saved his billions – made much more – all through conspiring to withhold real news, drive public policy through the newspapers and have the politicians ready to act – Real conspiracy – all documented – look at first hand sources of testimonies in congress   Could go on and on – but acts of conspiracy exist – individuals do it – but the level of power they have to commit action on conspiracy matters – bank robber versus the power to spark a war –   The whole point of this series – not look at conspiracies - but will be to look into each of the SDGs set out in Agenda 2030 – Will be using the information provided from the UN and the corporate sponsors/partners – explain it in detail Look at policy decisions, who they partner with, who has financial interests in these policies, what primary source materials provide as fact. Any news article or Wikipedia page about history can be changed at will, but if you can find information on the event from the words of someone who was there in a format that remains unchained and in full (so not a sentence out of context) Going to be using historical events as illustration throughout the episodes – helps to provide an example of what happens down the road from certain policy decisions Agenda 2030 is rarely ever mentioned – but you would likely hear about one of the initiatives every day, just don’t know it is part of the UNs Global Initiative   Before we get into each of the SDGs and overview of topics next ep – look at Who the UN is, and where it came from - "Declaration of United Nations" drafted by U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt (call him FDR), British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, and Roosevelt aide Harry Hopkins in 29 December 1941 - UN was FDR's highest postwar priority. incorporated Soviet suggestions - but left no role for France term "United Nations" was on January 1942 - 26 Governments signed the Declaration. One major change from the Atlantic Charter was the addition of a provision for religious freedom, which Stalin approved after Roosevelt insisted. agreed to the basic structure of the new body at the Dumbarton Oaks Conference in 1944.  At Yalta, Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin agreed to the establishment of the United Nations, as well as the structure of the United Nations Security Council. Stalin insisted on having a veto and FDR finally agreed. By early 1945 it had been signed by 21 more countries (Aus) - Big Four of the United States, Britain, Soviet Union and China would make the major decisions UN– a global diplomatic and political organization dedicated to international peace and stability – their words It is the dream of all authoritarians – mass control of global population brings peace and stability – they have to do what you say - Stalin and Roosevelt were some strange bedfellows – pretty good friends by political standards – Both believed in a fascist society – Roosevelt and Stalin - shared the same outlook for the postwar world - formed a friendship to shape the global stage Roosevelt worked hard to win Stalin - Stalin initially unconvinced that FDRs planned world organization with police powers would stop one nation from breaking away to start a war - Stalin’s opinion evolved -view FDR as key to peace Odd that Stalin – mass-murdering authoritarian would be so keen on the concept of the UN – Rings alarm bells UN Scandals – Conspiracy theory – International Paedophile ring is run through the UN – 2017 - UN Secretary General admitted to 145 incidents involving 311 victims in 2016 alone – most in peace operations startling admission at a high-level meeting on the wings of the UN General Assembly meeting. Antonio Guterres said “sexual exploitation and abuse is not a problem of peacekeeping, it is a problem of the entire United Nations. Contrary to the information spreading that this is a question related to our peacekeeping operations, it is necessary to say that the majority of the cases of sexual exploitation and abuse are done by the civilian organisations of the United Nations, and not in peacekeeping operations.” If the admitted 311 cases in peace operations are a minority – at least double cases occurred All happened in the wake of the Oxfam scandal which was very similar to this. And individuals in Clinton foundation that were caught trying to traffic kids out of Haiti. These are the same organisation that leaders of nations are taking their marching orders from – but what happens? Go into nations as a ‘peace keeping mission’ and committing such atrocities – someone who says they are a plumber turning up at your house and forcing their way in to fix the pipes, but then ripping some out for copper and running away – If it just happened once, shame on them, but twice, let alone hundreds This is a perfect conspiracy though – at the minimum, a massive number of people are conspiring to commit one of the greatest atrocities on those in society who are the most vulnerable – At the extreme level it was the Illuminati doing it for child sacrifices and adrenochrome – either way – the outcome is the same regardless of conspiracy in intentions –   The UN doesn’t work as a collective – policy the same – usually get given ‘ideas’ for policy from Non for profits or corporate think tanks. Many different individuals working through independent departments – but with the same goal Individuals can do bad things - especially when no accountability – absolute power and all – only thing that keeps politicians in line (sometimes barely) - stops a lot of authoritarian powers = the balance of power of the people – but if that slowly gets eroded over time from those already immune from the eyes of the wrathful public - easy strategy Use social pressure as coercion tactic – everyone is doing it mentality – getting all nations to sign on or else – shows conformity – look at what happens to a country when they don’t go along with it – media dumps on them as the black sheep – and the people by extension for having such non-progressive politicians – social shame tactics – so we then elect the people wanting to put these policies in place and do the bidding of the UN Very subtle – happens over years and years – but look at comedy shows now – not comedy anymore but political tools of disinformation Disarm with comedy and paint a narrative – all step in lock and march to the same thing as what the UN want Massive claims – But it is very complex – as to do this needs to be so complex and implemented over a long time and different stages which seem unrelated but really serve the same outcome To end – quickly look at one element of the SDGs in next weeks ep – that is people I want to do the best job in fully laying this out - there are lots of different bits to go through   But – something to think about over the next week – UNESCO - United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization  People – This one where it all starts – people need to willingly want these policies – UN helps with this as well UNESCO - first General Conference took place from 19 November to 10 December 1946, and elected Dr. Julian Huxley to Director-General British evolutionary biologist, eugenicist, and internationalist - Huxley was a prominent member of the British Eugenics Society and was its president from 1959 to 1962. In 1959 he received a Special Award of the Lasker Foundation in the category Planned Parenthood – World Population.  Huxley's dream was the same as Aldous Huxleys – Brave new world – where only those set fit to breed could do so Founding of UNESCO 1946 – ‘This even though it is quite true that any radical eugenic policy will be for many years politically and psychologically impossible, it will be important for UNESCO to see that the eugenic problem is examined with the greatest care, and that the public mind is informed of the issues at stake, so that much that now is unthinkable may at lease become thinkable’ – "...taking the techniques of persuasion and information and true propaganda that we have learnt to apply nationally in war, and deliberately bending them to the international tasks of peace, if necessary utilizing them -- as Lenin envisaged - to 'overcome the resistance of millions' to desirable change. "Using drama to reveal reality and art as the method by which, in Sir Stephen Tallent's works, 'truth becomes impressive and a living principle of action,' and aiming to produce concerted effort, which -- top quote Grierson once more -- needs a background of faith and a sense of destiny. This must be a mass philosophy, a mass creed, and it can never be achieved without the use of the media and of mass communication. Unesco, in the press of its detailed work, must never forget this enormous feat."  "There are thus two tasks for the Mass Media division of Unesco; the one general; the other special. The special one is to enlist the press and the radio and the cinema to the fullest extent in the service of formal and adult education, of science and learning, of art and culture. The general one is to see that these agencies are used both to contribute to mutual comprehension between nations and cultures, and also to promote the growth of a common outlook shared by all nations and cultures." p. 60 Think on that while you ponder the irony of statements like ‘abortions save lives’ – or why you wont see the UNs policies discussed in anything more than a soundbite or positive light – where only idiots wouldn’t do as the UN policies want   Covered a lot – and jumped around a bit between historical conspiracies – Take away – Conspiracies happen – and the UN shouldn’t be blindly trusted – That what you see from the media or politicians shouldn’t be blindly trusted either if pushing for policy from UN – Carrying out wishes of UN rather than national population – Representative democracy stops representing the people - going to look into this further in next ep References from today: JP Morgan Loans to England and France https://seekingalpha.com/instablog/25783813-peter-palms/4550806-role-j-p-morgan-providing-loans-england-france-world-war-souring-loans-became-apparent   Huxley quotes - https://www.crossroad.to/Quotes/globalism/julian-huxley.htm   Thanks for listening, if you enjoyed the episode and want to get in contact please do so here https://financeandfury.com.au/contact/

It's 1870 and Paris is under siege. It's the middle of the Franco-Prussian war, and the German army has the city surrounded. Their food and supply lines are cut off and the Parisians find that they have to start getting creative with the produce they have at hand.For show notes and references please visit https://www.foodhistorypodcast.com/Please support the show on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/foodhistorypodConnect with us on Social Media:Twitter: @foodhistorypodInstagram: @foodhistorypodFacebook: facebook.com/foodhistorypod

The unification of Italy was made in 1861 as the efforts of liberal revolutionary leaders Giussepe Mazzini, Giusseppe Garibaldi and Count Camillo di Cavour of Piedmont.Sardnia Kingdom. The unification was made in 1861 ending with the rise of Italian Kingdom and Imperialism against the Roman Empire and the Church. Rome and Venatia and some Papal states were not united until 1871 after the Franco Prussian war. Thanx.

Episode 9 is all about food, and features the horrific menu served up to starving Parisians in the Franco-Prussian war, and 'The Pastry War' or first Franco-Mexican war, the result of a looted bakery and an outrageous French compensation claim. Cue dodgy French accents all round! Subscribe and listen to us! Apple Music // Podbean // Overcast // Stitcher // TuneIn // Spotify Welcome to That Was Genius: Two blokes. A 12-hour time difference. An immature sense of humour. And 10,000 years of human civilisation. A weekly podcast looking at the weirder side of history. Join Sam Datta-Paulin (he likes history and lives in Britain) and Tom Berry (he also likes history but lives in New Zealand), for a weekly reflection on the bold, the brilliant... And the downright strange. From bizarre events and stories to equally odd inventions, barely a day goes by without something incredible (or incredibly stupid) happening around the world. We upload new episodes every Wednesday night/Thursday morning (UK time).  Check us out on Facebook // Instagram // Twitter That Was Genius is produced by Glorious Republic Broadcasting.

The Emancipation Proclamation Station Welcome back to the Emancipation podcast station the place to hear about history, researched and retold through the eyes of Middle and High school students   Beginning of World War I: Ella - One of the known causes of world war 1 turning into a world war was the alliance system.  In 1839, the treaty of London was signed which was where Britain was going to protect the neutrality of Belgium. In 1879 the dual alliance treaty was signed between Germany and Austria-Hungary to protect each other from Russia. Many other alliances were also forming at the time. Ethan - Germany’s navy was starting to get threatening to Britain’s navy. Britain took necessary precautions and signed a document with France called the Entente Cordial, tipping the odds of any war in in their favor. This made Germany realize they were a threat and thought they were being pushed back down, so in turn they became more aggressive and ready for war. Hunter- something that happened about three months before the war was the assassination of: Archduke Franz Ferdinand, on June 28 1914, in Sarajevo, resulting in the July Crisis. How Austria-Hungary responded to this assassination was by issuing an ultimatum to Serbia. Serbia’s reply to the ultimatum didn’t satisfy the Austrians, afterword the two moved to a war footing. Emma - The power that the nations of Germany and Italy possessed at the beginning of the first world war was impressive as it was, but we have to take into account how quickly they had acquired it. Both of these countries, though they had deep cultural roots, were very new as official nations. Both had formed during the Franco-Prussian war barely more than forty years previous but now held power over regions stretching from Africa to east Asia. Audrey - Starting in 1892 there was an alliance between France and Russia and this was the Franco Russian Military Convention. Then in the early 1900s there were a series of agreements between Great Britain France and Russia so that they were in good terms with each other. The alliance between Great Britain France and Russia was the Triple Entente (which means agreements). Skylar - World war I or sometimes known as the Great War started on July 28th, 1914, the war started in Europe. The war was in Africa, the middle east, Pacific islands, indian ocean, China, north and south atlantic oceans, and like i said Europe. They think that this war killed about 16 million people died from direct cause of this war. Gabe - The war started basically because russia wanted to protect serbia and germany wanted to protect austria so when austria went to fight serbia russia went to fight germany Ben - America only began to fight in World War 1 in 1917 ( April 6th to be specific ) with their allies. They had alliances with Russia, Britain, and France at the time, making them a strong force at the time. Led by major General John J. Pershing, 2 million American soldiers fought despite many American citizens wanting the country to stay neutral.   Other fronts of World War I: 1.Hunter- One of the many different fronts of the war was the Italian front,  the italians were apart of the Triple Alliance during this time, but italy stayed out of the war in 1914 because it claimed that Austria had not been attacked so therefor italy didn’t have to support Austria. In all reality the Italians had a secret agreement with the allies, the allies said that they would give the italians some Austrian territory if they attacked Austria-Hungary. EthanOL - As soon as the war started Japan decided they wanted what the Germans had. Japan was already allied Britain so that they could attack Germany without Britain growing apart from them. They attacked Tsingtao which was a German base in China. This was the first naval/aerial assault ever. They didn’t use exactly aircraft carriers but they did carry their aircrafts. This was called the Siege of Tsingtao which took place in 1914. Ella - Serbia was a very small country with approximately 4.5 million people and an army of around 400,000 soldiers. Almost everyone who could be in the army at the time was in it but it still ended up being destroyed with 60% of the army getting killed, which decreased Serbia's population by 16%. Emma - Italy’s agreements with the Triple Alliance and the Allies were only two of a long series of strategic alliances and deals the nation made on the road to the first world war. Their entry into the Triple Alliance was the first move, which was actually a surprising one, due to the fact that Italy and the Austro-Hungarian empire (another member of the triple alliance) had been enemies previously. Twenty years later, which still under this pact, they made a secret alliance with France. Twelve years after that, the Austro-Hungarian empire entered the war. Only one year later, they entered the treaty of London, an agreement with the Triple entente (england, russia, and france) to fight against their original allies, exit the triple alliance, and declare war on the Austro-Hungarian empire. 5.Skylar - Italy took part in the triple alliance in 1882 when they agreed to be apart of it, they were one of the first countries to take part in it. The whole reason that it was called the triple alliance was because there were three countries in it Italy, Austria-Hungary and Germany. This was kind of a weird mix because they didn’t really like each other but still said they would protect each other if worse comes to worst. Italy was making deals with other places like france in 1902. It was kind of just a lot of back stabbing.  Gabe - The Italians helped the allies by attacking austria hungary which is in the triple alliance so basically they made an alliance and were like let's help each other i mean we all don't like each other and would love to see each other destroyed so why not make an alliance really smart and then they dont even help each other its completely useless   Ben - Japan played a big part in the fight for the West Pacific Ocean and the Indian Ocean. Most of the reason Japan fought was because they wanted influence in China, but even with the help of Sun Yat-sen, they didn’t have many successes. 8. Western and Eastern fronts of World War I: 1.Hunter- during this time in the war the Germans were fighting two countries, one of which during the western front was France, the Germans had thought if they were to defeat the French (Russia’s ally) in four weeks then they could have an advantage against the Russians in the Eastern front. Ethan- The Germans realized that after the Franco-Prussian War, they were going to be due for another war with France. Germany unified in advance to make sure France had a disadvantage. The humiliation was huge and Germany took Alsace and Lorraine, which were mineral rich and valuable to anyone who controlled it. Germany realized this might hurt them later because France was allied with Russia so if there was war that it’d be on 2 fronts. Ella - The western front in world war 1  was much smaller that the eastern front, but the western front could uses trenches as a defence system since they had less land to defend. The eastern front however, could not use this method due to the land being so wide and them not having enough people to dig them. Even if they were able to dig some, they wouldn't have enough and the western people could easily go around. Emma - In February of the year 1916, the battle of Verdun took place when the Germans launched an attack on the French military at the border between Germany and France. Unlike a lot of the other offensive acts in the war, this battle was not intended to result in the gain of territory for the Germans. The point of this attack was to cause the French to send so many troops, and to cause so many casualties that the French would deplete all their resources and be forced to withdraw from the war. Audrey - In WW1 the Germans were using poison gas as a weapon. Some of the poison gases are chlorine gas, which would immediately cause you to choke to death, phosgene gas, which wouldn’t cause choking and this allowed the gas to get into to lungs and there was a delayed effect, and mustard gas, another that wouldn’t cause choking but it would cause severe blistering which would take you out of the war. Ben - Germany eventually gained peace with Russia on May 3rd, 1918. Russia accomplished this by giving Germany a significant amount of land. This was done under the Bolshevik Government of Russia, which was founded in 1917 after a revolution overthrew the provisional government. Skylar- After the battle of Verdun the british and the French decide to go against a different part of the front, this time close to the Somme river in july of 1916. This battle was the first time they used tanks, it was an extremely bloody battle. 8.   Blockades and American entry: Hunter- On May 7, 1915, a German submarine sunk the British ocean liner called Lusitania, ending in the deaths of nearly 1,200 people and that includes 128 Americans. The event strained diplomatic relations between Washington and Berlin, and turned public opinion on Germany. Skylar -   the united states had maintained being neutral in the war up until this point, Wilson had just won presidency again because he had kept the US out of the war. Germany was getting pretty desperate so they were going to go back to their idea of unrestricted submarine warfare but they knew if they did that the US would side with their allies.  In january of 1917 the Zimmerman Telegram was created by Arthur Zimmerman sent a encoded telegram to mexico, it was encoded because it had to pass through lines that the US controlled. He told them that he knows a way to slow them down. (if someone wants to go off of this that would b awesome) 3.Ethan - In April 1917 the administration had thought about it and Germany had took it too far, with their submarine warfare. President Wilson decided that war on Germany was inevitable and sent a famous message to Congress for why it needs to go to war with Germany. On April 4th Congress decided to allow war on Germany, and war pursued quickly. Now, many people were deciding for themselves why we were at war. Many public opinion were stated, some saying it was inevitable, some saying we should stay out of war. Ella - So the United States entered world war 1 for multiple reasons including them having financial ties, trade ties, and cultural ties with the British. Another reason being the British using a lot of successful propaganda. Gabe - im a take a step back to skylar so the encoded telegram was intercepted by the british and then shared with america and it said that they would help mexico take texas arizona and new mexico back from the united states if they helped the germans in the war Audrey - In November of 1914 the British declared the entire North Sea a war zone so if a ship came they would probably be destroyed. The ships especially couldn’t carry any contraband, and food was considered a contraband. So the Germans and the Austrians had to start rationing food to the point of eating only 1k calories a day. This was making the central powers weaker not only because they couldn’t get what they needed for war but people were dying and there were about 400k deaths due to starvation. Emma - In 1917, Senator George Norris issued a speech in opposition to the entry of the United States of America into the World War. In his speech he acknowledged that both England and Germany were wrong in the actions of war they had chosen to take; declaring certain areas war zones, but he did not support the entry into the war and listed several alternative actions that could have been taken. Ben - Most of the American soldiers starting arriving and began fighting on the battlefields of france on the twenty sixth of June. Britain and France also sent additional officers to help train the newly drafted American soldiers.   World War I shapes the Middle East: 1.Hunter- The first world war truly shaped the middle east, but the aftermath of the war made the largest change in the region as we know it. One of the events that had changed the middle east was when Russia had staked a claim on Istanbul and waterways linking the Black seas to the Mediterranean seas, and the French claimed Syria and Cilicia in modern day Turkey. Skylar - the British wanted the help of the Arab’s because they wanted them to fight the Ottoman’s on the Palestine and Sinai fronts. So they told Hussein bin ali if he helped them that they would give him free territory, for an independent arab state and he agrees. After that he names himself king of the Hejaz in 1916. Ethan -  Britain had a presence in the Middle East at the time of the end of the war. Egypt was under the protection of Britain, and when they didn’t get freedom until 1922 there was a sort of revolt. In the end the Egyptians won this slight war and obtained their freedom. At this time Britain was also protecting Kuwait and they have since the 1800s. They still did not get their freedom handed to them until 1961. Ella - In 1915, 6,500 people from the British army were sieged in Kut, after retreating from Ctesiphon by the ottoman Empire for 147 days till they were forced to surrender.  Gabe - The Ibn Saud ruled the basically the other side of saudi arabia right next to Hussein bin ali and he actually goes and takes the Hejaz empire and declares himself king of the sauds in the hejaz in 1926 and this is how you get saudi arabia Emma - The British troops (made up of all the various countries that were part of the British empire, such as India and New Zealand) started their Middle Eastern campaign at the southern end of Mesopotamia, near the Persian gulf. They moved northward along the Tigris river, capturing land until they held control over the majority of what is now Iraq. Meanwhile on the other side of the land mass in Egypt, they were on the defensive side of the war for quite a while while the Ottomans attempted, and failed, to take capture Suez canal from British control. 7.Ben - After the Middle East changed, a lot of its boundaries and borders did too. They looked a lot closer to what they look like today. This happens a lot with very large wars because tons of land gets conquered, traded, or destroyed. 8.   Aftermath of World War I Skylar - Woodrow Wilson gave a speech on January 8th, 1918 that is called Woodrow Wilson’s fourteen points. The fourteen points were statements that Wilson gave to try to make peace with everyone and end the war. During his speech he talked about why he thought the war started and what they could do to end it with peace instead of hatred. He talked about free trade, how all conversations should be open for everyone to see, freedom of navigation, and many more things. 2.Hunter- the aftermath of this war truly was amazing, this war had changed so much of the world that we know now, for instance: WW1 had brought about the temporary political disruption of four venerable dynasties-- Germany, Austria-Hungary, Russia, and Turkey. This war also brought up a massive social disruption, as millions of women entered the workforce to support men who had went to war, and to replace those who never came back. Ella - World War one ended at the end of 1918, so in 1919 they started discussing the terms of peace so they held the Paris Peace conference. Now during the peace conference the winners decide the “terms of peace” but they all had different outlooks about it (someone plz build off of me if you can if not cool tho Gabe - One of the “Terms of peace” that came out of the Paris Peace conference is the Treaty of Versailles which probably was the treaty to germany it said that germany was gonna pay for all of the allies losses they had to pay something like 60 billion in today's money and that's not including the resources they payed they also were only allowed to have 100,000 men in there army there weren't allowed to have any u boats battleships tanks basically nothing mechanized and we took lots of their territory and split and was given to the allies 5..Emma - The Treaty of Versailles had a huge effect on the German economy and government at the time. Another term of the treaty was that they were not allowed to make an alliance with Austria, due to the cultural and linguistic ties between the two. They were also occupied by the allies in the Saar region of Germany, near the French border. This area was a large coal mining area and for fifteen years, all the coal mined there got shipped to France. That still left a large portion of reparations to be paid back in currency so the government basically printed a ton of money, and tried to convert it into other currencies which resulted in serious inflation all the way into the twenties. So when that happened and they could no longer pay in money, France occupied the Ruhr region and began shipping steel and coal out of there. Ethan - WWI left many families without a parent or without a child to come home to. Many soldier died in battle and from starvation, so in turn this was one of the most bloody battles in history. The U.S. lost approximately 116,708 soldiers in war. Not to mention the prisoners of war that died from many causes like starvation and disease. For those whose remains were never found we have the Tomb of The Unknown Soldier. This is a tradition that has been kept up since 1931 and have never not been guarded since then Ben - Strangely enough, World War 1 kind of helped Japan’s economy. The demand for japanese products became very large and the economy flourished for a time. This also happened similarly in America, because the American economy in the 1920’s was doing very nice. Audrey - There were approximately 16 million deaths due to WWI 8-10 million being military. About 60% of the soldiers deaths were the Entente and 40% were the Central Powers. But 6-7 million that died were civilians and out of that over a million of the civilian deaths were due to direct military action were the rest was caused by starvation and disease.

The Emancipation Proclamation Station Welcome back to the Emancipation podcast station the place to hear about history, researched and retold through the eyes of Middle and High school students   Beginning of World War I: Ella - One of the known causes of world war 1 turning into a world war was the alliance system.  In 1839, the treaty of London was signed which was where Britain was going to protect the neutrality of Belgium. In 1879 the dual alliance treaty was signed between Germany and Austria-Hungary to protect each other from Russia. Many other alliances were also forming at the time. Ethan - Germany’s navy was starting to get threatening to Britain’s navy. Britain took necessary precautions and signed a document with France called the Entente Cordial, tipping the odds of any war in in their favor. This made Germany realize they were a threat and thought they were being pushed back down, so in turn they became more aggressive and ready for war. Hunter- something that happened about three months before the war was the assassination of: Archduke Franz Ferdinand, on June 28 1914, in Sarajevo, resulting in the July Crisis. How Austria-Hungary responded to this assassination was by issuing an ultimatum to Serbia. Serbia’s reply to the ultimatum didn’t satisfy the Austrians, afterword the two moved to a war footing. Emma - The power that the nations of Germany and Italy possessed at the beginning of the first world war was impressive as it was, but we have to take into account how quickly they had acquired it. Both of these countries, though they had deep cultural roots, were very new as official nations. Both had formed during the Franco-Prussian war barely more than forty years previous but now held power over regions stretching from Africa to east Asia. Audrey - Starting in 1892 there was an alliance between France and Russia and this was the Franco Russian Military Convention. Then in the early 1900s there were a series of agreements between Great Britain France and Russia so that they were in good terms with each other. The alliance between Great Britain France and Russia was the Triple Entente (which means agreements). Skylar - World war I or sometimes known as the Great War started on July 28th, 1914, the war started in Europe. The war was in Africa, the middle east, Pacific islands, indian ocean, China, north and south atlantic oceans, and like i said Europe. They think that this war killed about 16 million people died from direct cause of this war. Gabe - The war started basically because russia wanted to protect serbia and germany wanted to protect austria so when austria went to fight serbia russia went to fight germany Ben - America only began to fight in World War 1 in 1917 ( April 6th to be specific ) with their allies. They had alliances with Russia, Britain, and France at the time, making them a strong force at the time. Led by major General John J. Pershing, 2 million American soldiers fought despite many American citizens wanting the country to stay neutral.   Other fronts of World War I: 1.Hunter- One of the many different fronts of the war was the Italian front,  the italians were apart of the Triple Alliance during this time, but italy stayed out of the war in 1914 because it claimed that Austria had not been attacked so therefor italy didn’t have to support Austria. In all reality the Italians had a secret agreement with the allies, the allies said that they would give the italians some Austrian territory if they attacked Austria-Hungary. EthanOL - As soon as the war started Japan decided they wanted what the Germans had. Japan was already allied Britain so that they could attack Germany without Britain growing apart from them. They attacked Tsingtao which was a German base in China. This was the first naval/aerial assault ever. They didn’t use exactly aircraft carriers but they did carry their aircrafts. This was called the Siege of Tsingtao which took place in 1914. Ella - Serbia was a very small country with approximately 4.5 million people and an army of around 400,000 soldiers. Almost everyone who could be in the army at the time was in it but it still ended up being destroyed with 60% of the army getting killed, which decreased Serbia's population by 16%. Emma - Italy’s agreements with the Triple Alliance and the Allies were only two of a long series of strategic alliances and deals the nation made on the road to the first world war. Their entry into the Triple Alliance was the first move, which was actually a surprising one, due to the fact that Italy and the Austro-Hungarian empire (another member of the triple alliance) had been enemies previously. Twenty years later, which still under this pact, they made a secret alliance with France. Twelve years after that, the Austro-Hungarian empire entered the war. Only one year later, they entered the treaty of London, an agreement with the Triple entente (england, russia, and france) to fight against their original allies, exit the triple alliance, and declare war on the Austro-Hungarian empire. 5.Skylar - Italy took part in the triple alliance in 1882 when they agreed to be apart of it, they were one of the first countries to take part in it. The whole reason that it was called the triple alliance was because there were three countries in it Italy, Austria-Hungary and Germany. This was kind of a weird mix because they didn’t really like each other but still said they would protect each other if worse comes to worst. Italy was making deals with other places like france in 1902. It was kind of just a lot of back stabbing.  Gabe - The Italians helped the allies by attacking austria hungary which is in the triple alliance so basically they made an alliance and were like let's help each other i mean we all don't like each other and would love to see each other destroyed so why not make an alliance really smart and then they dont even help each other its completely useless   Ben - Japan played a big part in the fight for the West Pacific Ocean and the Indian Ocean. Most of the reason Japan fought was because they wanted influence in China, but even with the help of Sun Yat-sen, they didn’t have many successes. 8. Western and Eastern fronts of World War I: 1.Hunter- during this time in the war the Germans were fighting two countries, one of which during the western front was France, the Germans had thought if they were to defeat the French (Russia’s ally) in four weeks then they could have an advantage against the Russians in the Eastern front. Ethan- The Germans realized that after the Franco-Prussian War, they were going to be due for another war with France. Germany unified in advance to make sure France had a disadvantage. The humiliation was huge and Germany took Alsace and Lorraine, which were mineral rich and valuable to anyone who controlled it. Germany realized this might hurt them later because France was allied with Russia so if there was war that it’d be on 2 fronts. Ella - The western front in world war 1  was much smaller that the eastern front, but the western front could uses trenches as a defence system since they had less land to defend. The eastern front however, could not use this method due to the land being so wide and them not having enough people to dig them. Even if they were able to dig some, they wouldn't have enough and the western people could easily go around. Emma - In February of the year 1916, the battle of Verdun took place when the Germans launched an attack on the French military at the border between Germany and France. Unlike a lot of the other offensive acts in the war, this battle was not intended to result in the gain of territory for the Germans. The point of this attack was to cause the French to send so many troops, and to cause so many casualties that the French would deplete all their resources and be forced to withdraw from the war. Audrey - In WW1 the Germans were using poison gas as a weapon. Some of the poison gases are chlorine gas, which would immediately cause you to choke to death, phosgene gas, which wouldn’t cause choking and this allowed the gas to get into to lungs and there was a delayed effect, and mustard gas, another that wouldn’t cause choking but it would cause severe blistering which would take you out of the war. Ben - Germany eventually gained peace with Russia on May 3rd, 1918. Russia accomplished this by giving Germany a significant amount of land. This was done under the Bolshevik Government of Russia, which was founded in 1917 after a revolution overthrew the provisional government. Skylar- After the battle of Verdun the british and the French decide to go against a different part of the front, this time close to the Somme river in july of 1916. This battle was the first time they used tanks, it was an extremely bloody battle. 8.   Blockades and American entry: Hunter- On May 7, 1915, a German submarine sunk the British ocean liner called Lusitania, ending in the deaths of nearly 1,200 people and that includes 128 Americans. The event strained diplomatic relations between Washington and Berlin, and turned public opinion on Germany. Skylar -   the united states had maintained being neutral in the war up until this point, Wilson had just won presidency again because he had kept the US out of the war. Germany was getting pretty desperate so they were going to go back to their idea of unrestricted submarine warfare but they knew if they did that the US would side with their allies.  In january of 1917 the Zimmerman Telegram was created by Arthur Zimmerman sent a encoded telegram to mexico, it was encoded because it had to pass through lines that the US controlled. He told them that he knows a way to slow them down. (if someone wants to go off of this that would b awesome) 3.Ethan - In April 1917 the administration had thought about it and Germany had took it too far, with their submarine warfare. President Wilson decided that war on Germany was inevitable and sent a famous message to Congress for why it needs to go to war with Germany. On April 4th Congress decided to allow war on Germany, and war pursued quickly. Now, many people were deciding for themselves why we were at war. Many public opinion were stated, some saying it was inevitable, some saying we should stay out of war. Ella - So the United States entered world war 1 for multiple reasons including them having financial ties, trade ties, and cultural ties with the British. Another reason being the British using a lot of successful propaganda. Gabe - im a take a step back to skylar so the encoded telegram was intercepted by the british and then shared with america and it said that they would help mexico take texas arizona and new mexico back from the united states if they helped the germans in the war Audrey - In November of 1914 the British declared the entire North Sea a war zone so if a ship came they would probably be destroyed. The ships especially couldn’t carry any contraband, and food was considered a contraband. So the Germans and the Austrians had to start rationing food to the point of eating only 1k calories a day. This was making the central powers weaker not only because they couldn’t get what they needed for war but people were dying and there were about 400k deaths due to starvation. Emma - In 1917, Senator George Norris issued a speech in opposition to the entry of the United States of America into the World War. In his speech he acknowledged that both England and Germany were wrong in the actions of war they had chosen to take; declaring certain areas war zones, but he did not support the entry into the war and listed several alternative actions that could have been taken. Ben - Most of the American soldiers starting arriving and began fighting on the battlefields of france on the twenty sixth of June. Britain and France also sent additional officers to help train the newly drafted American soldiers.   World War I shapes the Middle East: 1.Hunter- The first world war truly shaped the middle east, but the aftermath of the war made the largest change in the region as we know it. One of the events that had changed the middle east was when Russia had staked a claim on Istanbul and waterways linking the Black seas to the Mediterranean seas, and the French claimed Syria and Cilicia in modern day Turkey. Skylar - the British wanted the help of the Arab’s because they wanted them to fight the Ottoman’s on the Palestine and Sinai fronts. So they told Hussein bin ali if he helped them that they would give him free territory, for an independent arab state and he agrees. After that he names himself king of the Hejaz in 1916. Ethan -  Britain had a presence in the Middle East at the time of the end of the war. Egypt was under the protection of Britain, and when they didn’t get freedom until 1922 there was a sort of revolt. In the end the Egyptians won this slight war and obtained their freedom. At this time Britain was also protecting Kuwait and they have since the 1800s. They still did not get their freedom handed to them until 1961. Ella - In 1915, 6,500 people from the British army were sieged in Kut, after retreating from Ctesiphon by the ottoman Empire for 147 days till they were forced to surrender.  Gabe - The Ibn Saud ruled the basically the other side of saudi arabia right next to Hussein bin ali and he actually goes and takes the Hejaz empire and declares himself king of the sauds in the hejaz in 1926 and this is how you get saudi arabia Emma - The British troops (made up of all the various countries that were part of the British empire, such as India and New Zealand) started their Middle Eastern campaign at the southern end of Mesopotamia, near the Persian gulf. They moved northward along the Tigris river, capturing land until they held control over the majority of what is now Iraq. Meanwhile on the other side of the land mass in Egypt, they were on the defensive side of the war for quite a while while the Ottomans attempted, and failed, to take capture Suez canal from British control. 7.Ben - After the Middle East changed, a lot of its boundaries and borders did too. They looked a lot closer to what they look like today. This happens a lot with very large wars because tons of land gets conquered, traded, or destroyed. 8.   Aftermath of World War I Skylar - Woodrow Wilson gave a speech on January 8th, 1918 that is called Woodrow Wilson’s fourteen points. The fourteen points were statements that Wilson gave to try to make peace with everyone and end the war. During his speech he talked about why he thought the war started and what they could do to end it with peace instead of hatred. He talked about free trade, how all conversations should be open for everyone to see, freedom of navigation, and many more things. 2.Hunter- the aftermath of this war truly was amazing, this war had changed so much of the world that we know now, for instance: WW1 had brought about the temporary political disruption of four venerable dynasties-- Germany, Austria-Hungary, Russia, and Turkey. This war also brought up a massive social disruption, as millions of women entered the workforce to support men who had went to war, and to replace those who never came back. Ella - World War one ended at the end of 1918, so in 1919 they started discussing the terms of peace so they held the Paris Peace conference. Now during the peace conference the winners decide the “terms of peace” but they all had different outlooks about it (someone plz build off of me if you can if not cool tho Gabe - One of the “Terms of peace” that came out of the Paris Peace conference is the Treaty of Versailles which probably was the treaty to germany it said that germany was gonna pay for all of the allies losses they had to pay something like 60 billion in today's money and that's not including the resources they payed they also were only allowed to have 100,000 men in there army there weren't allowed to have any u boats battleships tanks basically nothing mechanized and we took lots of their territory and split and was given to the allies 5..Emma - The Treaty of Versailles had a huge effect on the German economy and government at the time. Another term of the treaty was that they were not allowed to make an alliance with Austria, due to the cultural and linguistic ties between the two. They were also occupied by the allies in the Saar region of Germany, near the French border. This area was a large coal mining area and for fifteen years, all the coal mined there got shipped to France. That still left a large portion of reparations to be paid back in currency so the government basically printed a ton of money, and tried to convert it into other currencies which resulted in serious inflation all the way into the twenties. So when that happened and they could no longer pay in money, France occupied the Ruhr region and began shipping steel and coal out of there. Ethan - WWI left many families without a parent or without a child to come home to. Many soldier died in battle and from starvation, so in turn this was one of the most bloody battles in history. The U.S. lost approximately 116,708 soldiers in war. Not to mention the prisoners of war that died from many causes like starvation and disease. For those whose remains were never found we have the Tomb of The Unknown Soldier. This is a tradition that has been kept up since 1931 and have never not been guarded since then Ben - Strangely enough, World War 1 kind of helped Japan’s economy. The demand for japanese products became very large and the economy flourished for a time. This also happened similarly in America, because the American economy in the 1920’s was doing very nice. Audrey - There were approximately 16 million deaths due to WWI 8-10 million being military. About 60% of the soldiers deaths were the Entente and 40% were the Central Powers. But 6-7 million that died were civilians and out of that over a million of the civilian deaths were due to direct military action were the rest was caused by starvation and disease.

Simon, Natasha, and John share the stories behind their favourite Christmas carols. --- It's not quite a Bridget Jones-style situation – sobbing into shiraz and lip-syncing to “All by myself” on Christmas eve – but this year, Justine Toh is all alone in the recording booth for Life and Faith. Regular hosts Simon Smart and Natasha Moore have scarpered off before Christmas, with Simon on long service leave in Canada and Natasha off to the U.S. for a white Christmas. So Justine delves into the back catalogue of Life and Faith and unearths a gem: an episode from 2014 where Simon, Natasha, and John Dickson share their favourite Christmas carols and the stories behind them. John explains why Hark the Herald Angels Sing isn't just a beautiful tune but expresses rich theological truths in poetic form. He also discusses how Christmas carols often speak of two advents, or comings, of Jesus: his lowly birth as that baby in the manger and his promised return in glory. Natasha relates the fascinating history behind her favourite carol O Holy Night that, among other things, briefly halted the Franco-Prussian war in 1870 as French and German soldiers called a Christmas truce, and was the first song to be broadcast on the radio in 1906. Simon, invoking Scrooge from Charles Dickens' A Christmas Carol, bah humbugs about the way Away in a Manger, as he sees it, diminishes the powerful idea of the incarnation: the Christian claim that God became fully human in Jesus. “The sweet baby Jesus we're hearing about in this carol – you don't get any sense that he might actually grow up at any point. This idea that even as a baby ‘no crying he makes' – I just want to throw up when I hear that bit,” Simon says. “That's not the Christian story. Jesus is meant to be fully God and fully human, and he's not fully human if he doesn't cry.” Reflecting on the year when planes disappeared into the Indian Ocean, or were shot down over the Ukraine, and that ended with the Sydney siege at the Lindt Café in Martin Place, John says that the Christmas message remains one of joy, even in a gloomy time. “It'd be wrong to think that Christmas was about happiness. It is about joy though, that sense that despite everything, God is for us and he's come towards us as one of us. And that does give a perspective and hope that is real joy.” --- SUBSCRIBE to Life & Faith on Apple Podcasts: http://bit.ly/cpxpodcast OR on Spotify: http://cpx.video/spotify FIND US on Facebook: www.facebook.com/publicchristianity FOLLOW US on Twitter: www.twitter.com/cpx_tweet

Elyse Zorn Karlin is the Publisher and Editor-in-Chief of Adornment, The Magazine of Jewelry and Related Arts. She is co-director of the Association for the Study of Jewelry & Related Arts (ASJRA) and a former president of The American Society of Jewelry Historians (ASJH). Elyse runs the Annual Conference on Jewelry & Related Arts in various locations throughout the U.S. and spearheads the Annual Jewelry History Series in Miami, Florida every winter. She has written several books on Arts & Crafts jewelry and antique jewelry. What you’ll learn in this episode: How the Art Nouveau movement relates to the history of art jewelry and arts & crafts. Why France was looking for a different design style after the Franco-Prussian war, and how the view of women shaped the movement. Why unusual materials such as enamel were prevalent and popular in Art Nouveau jewelry. Why St. Petersburg, Florida is becoming a popular destination for art and jewelry lovers. Preview of the upcoming 2019 exhibit, “Forging an American Style: Jewelry and Metalworking of the Arts and Crafts Movement.” How Elyse is raising funds to produce the movie “A Story To Wear,” which explores why jewelry is important. Additional resources:   “Adornment” Magazine: www.jewelryandrelatedarts.com Website: www.elysezornkarlin.com ASJRA Website: www.asjra.net “A Story to Wear” Film Trailer: www.storytowear.com

This week its Frenchman Georges Villebois-Mareuil whose military exploits echoed the wars of the 19th Century, particularly the Franco-Prussian war of 1870. Villebois-Mareuil even spent time in what became known as Vietnam, fighting in French-Indo-China, and in Europe in the mid-to-late 1800s. But it was in Africa where he really excelled including fighting as a commander in the French Foreign Legion in Algeria. He was admired by the Boers and became known as “Die Franse Kolonel” - The French Colonel. We've already heard about the Irish, the Americans, Canadians, Scots, Australians, New Zealanders, Germans, Scandinavians of all types, Dutch, and Portuguese soldiers who were active in the anglo-Boer war. There were Mexicans too, and Spaniards. This was a precursor to the terrible World Wars which shattered the 20th Century - and in many ways - those fighting were practicing for what seemed to be an inevitable cataclysm only fourteen years later. World War One was an inexorable calamity, and the Anglo-Boer war one of the early military steps taken by these nations. There were other international brigades in South Africa similar for example to those who fought on both sides in the Spanish Civil War. Some of the international cadres involved in the Boer war were mercenaries, some were romantics who believed in causes, others were adventurers. Perhaps one of the more complex was French Colonel, Georges Villebois-Mureuil - a swashbuckling veteran soldier of the Prussian wars who ended up dying in a battle during the Anglo-Boer war.

This week we are discussing the famous German Beer festival known as Oktoberfest, we drink Paulaner Oktoberfest Bier, and we discuss how to fix the UK. No we haven't gone all political, we're just looking at what we would do if we were in power to combat the UK's serious obesity crisis. The discussion was a lot of fun, and hopefully we raised some interesting points. Oktoberfest 2017 In September, my dad and I finally completed the trip we had been talking about for years. We went to Munich for Oktoberfest. Despite having talked about wanting to do it for a long time, we didn't really know too much about it. I'd been to Germany in 2016 for the Christmas Market in Cologne, and had been struck by how much I loved German culture. It really is similar to England, they work hard, they eat a lot of meat, and they drink a lot of beer. What's not to love? My trip was soured slightly, by the terrorist attack on the Berlin Christmas Market a day after I had returned. To be honest, I was a little worried travelling to Munich as I imagined Oktoberfest to be a high level target. Luckily it was perfectly safe. Spaten Beer Tent Oktoberfest 2017 The first thing that you notice when you enter the fairground (yeah Oktoberfest is a giant carnival with beer tents) is the organisation. There were loads of security measures but they were 1) sensible (no full body scanners) and 2) efficient. You were basically through security in 30 seconds and as such the crowds travelled through quite fast. The second thing that struck me was that entrance to Oktoberfest was completely free. In the UK this event would probably cost £20 entry. But you could walk in to the festival, enter as many beer tents, and even sit down (if you were lucky enough to find a seat) without paying a penny (or cent). Another thing that really surprised me was the seriousness over Lederhosen. I always assumed that they were worn by tourists and people who wore them ironically. But actually the outfits were really impressive, and were just worn like you'd wear a suit to the wedding. I actually felt a little self-conscious for not wearing them! During the day the place was quite busy, but at night it really was a different story. My dad and I had got a seat when we had arrived at 12pm on day 1, but on day 2 we arrived at 4pm and the place was packed. The atmosphere was electric, serving men and women would wade through crowds of drinkers carrying massive boards over their heads, women would walk to tables carrying 6-10 steins at a time, and an Oompah band played music at deafening volumes. It was an incredible experience. The History of Oktoberfest Oktoberfest started as a celebration of the marriage of King Ludwig I in 1810, it has been situated at the same fairground ever since. By 1819 it was an annual event, and the carnival elements were now part of it. Not until 1892 were the traditional glass steins used to drink beer from though, and by the 100th anniversary in 1910, the festival was all about the beer. Over the years, Oktoberfest has had to be cancelled for numerous reasons (mostly war). In 1811 Bavaria was fighting in the Napoleonic wars (on both sides at different points in time), the festival was interrupted again during the Franco-Prussian war, and Austro-Prussian war, and due to several Cholera outbreaks. During the World Wars the festival was also cancelled. Spaten Beer Tent Oktoberfest 2017 Since 2005 the festival has attempted to go back to its roots, with music being quietened before 6pm, I definitely noticed the difference between the day and the evening, and enjoyed both times for different reasons. Today it is one of the biggest events in Europe and absolutely needs to be on the list of every beer lover. Guide to Oktoberfest This guide is based on my own experiences, and is therefore the opinions of a rank amateur! Therefore please use this opportunity to find a better guide .... okay I guess you couldn't be bothered to do that? Excellent.

Virtual Memories – season 4 episode 8 - The Slippery Animal "I'm always in the middle of a struggle with a short story. You'd think I'd have the hang of it by now. It's a slippery animal.'" Literary legend Bruce Jay Friedman joins the Virtual Memories Show for a fun conversation about his literary career, which encompasses six decades of short stories, novels, plays and Oscar®-nominated screenwriting. We talk about his newest projects, how both the writing and the sale of short stories have changed over the course of his career, and why he's happier in that form than the novel. Why was he successful in Hollywood when F. Scott Fitzgerald and Anthony Powell crapped out there? Listen in to find out! "Hollywood to me was fun. Like a boy being let loose in a candy store. I was offended when I'd get called in off the tennis court to write a few scenes. I can tell you: there is no one who had more fun than I did in Hollywood." We also talk about how stories begin, where he sees himself in the continuum of Jewish American writers, why Dustin Hoffman hates him, whether he's ever been tempted to write The Big Novel, why he's getting more Jewish as he gets older, why he prefers the Franco-Prussian war over other wars, and how to find the right kind of pistachio nuts. "I always feel guilty about being entertained. I feel like I should be reading Suetonius." Bonus: I rant about leaving my job and ask you for money! Enjoy the conversation! Then check out the archives for more great episodes! Related conversations: Josh Alan Friedman Kipp Friedman Drew Friedman Mark Feltskog Phillip Lopate Follow The Virtual Memories Show on iTunes, Twitter, Facebook, Tumblr, and RSS! About our Guest Novelist, playwright, short story writer and Oscar-nominated screenwriter Bruce Jay Friedman was born in New York City. Friedman published his first novel Stern in 1962 and established himself as a writer and playwright, most famously known for his off-Broadway hit Steambath (1973) (TV) and his 1978 novel The Lonely Guy's Book of Life. In addition to short stories and plays, Mr. Friedman has also published seven other novels, and has written numerous screenplays, including the Oscar-nominated Splash (1984). His memoir, Lucky Bruce, came out in 2011. He resides in New York City with his second wife, educator Patricia J. O'Donohue. Check out his Amazon page for info on his books and plays. Credits: This episode's music is Frenesi by Artie Shaw. The conversation was recorded at Mr. Friedman's home on a pair of Blue enCORE 200 microphones feeding into a Zoom H4n recorder. The intro and outro were recorded on Blue Yeti USB Microphone. Processing was done in Audacity and Garage Band. Photo of Mr. Friedman by me.

CLARE BALDING charts how Britain has shaped sport and sport has shaped the British.Apart from the English language itself, the invention of modern sport has been our major cultural legacy to the rest of the world.In this thirty part narrative history series with the help of the academic team from the International Centre for Sport History and Culture at De Montfort University, Clare looks at the unique and vital role sport has played, and continues to play, in our national life. As we gear up for the 2012 games, in this first programme she looks at the birth of the modern olympics movement. While it was inspired by the Greeks and revived by the French nobleman, Pierre de Coubertin, his motivation came from a provincial English public school. It was while visiting Rugby and contemplating the work of its visionary headmaster, Thomas Arnold, that de Coubertin came to the conclusion that inferior physical fitness in young Frenchmen had played a part in their defeat by the Germans in the Franco-Prussian war of 1870. If they played more sport at school, he thought, the outcome might have been different. With Richard Holt and Tony Collins, Professors at the International Centre for Sport History and Culture at De Montfort University, Clare discusses what lessons can be drawn from the games since 1896, in order to achieve success when they return to us this year. The reader is Stuart McLoughlin. Producer: Lucy Lunt.

If you know this song at all you probably think that “The Internationale” was the “Soviet National Anthem” (if you even remember the “Soviet Union”). Well, this episode will detail the real history of the song and how it's still alive and even more relevant today. In spite of what the USAmerican propaganda machine would have you believe, The Internationale is NOT the National Anthem of the Soviet Union … Eugene Potter wrote the original lyrics of The Internationale in June of 1871 to commemorate the Paris Commune, which the French Army had just crushed with great bloodshed. After French defeat in the Franco-Prussian war and the fall of the French Empire, the workers of Paris had taken over the city and ran it themselves. The Commune declared its aim as "ending the anarchic and ruinous competition between workers for the profit of the capitalists”, and the "dissemination of socialist ideals"... Learn more: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Internationale Music Credits:                 Alistair Hulett (from CD “Dance of the Underclass”, 1991) Maxx Klaxon “Internationale 2000”; by Maxx Klaxon (from CD “Paranoid Style”, 2005) Billy Bragg - http://www.billybragg.co.uk/ Maxx Klaxon - http://klaxon.tv/ Alistair Hulett – 1951 – 2010 – RIP http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PtAfIjRKUak http://www.alistairhulett.co.uk/ listen to other episodes as they are released at Protest Songs In Left Wing Politics -  http://septicradio.com/protestsongsleftwing.php A production of Septic Radio.

"He wanted it to be something that's consoling and helpful. It's the end of their lives where they can rest in peace". World renowned choral conductor Sir David Willcocks, shares his personal reflections on the Faure Requiem alongside those for whom the music has comforted and inspired. Known for its peaceful and hopeful nature the Faure Requiem has been called 'The lullaby of death'. Whilst Gabriel Faure himself never spoke directly about what inspired his interpretation of the Requiem, author and biographer Jessica Duchen has speculated that it may have been born out of his experience as a soldier during the Franco-Prussian war. In this edition of Soul music, personal stories of conflict and deliverance are shared from across the decades. Reaching from the beaches of Normandy to the plains of Afghanistan and into the skies of Salisbury. Faure composed the first version of the work, which he called "un petit Requiem" with five movements, of which the Pie Jesu and In Paradisum have become arguably the most popular. "Everything I managed to entertain by way of religious illusion I put into my Requiem, which moreover is dominated from beginning to end by a very human feeling of faith in eternal rest.".

Long revered as Monet’s most exquisite series, the Haystack paintings are remarkable for the range of light and weather conditions portrayed. In Haystacks, midday the edges of the stacks shimmer in the heat, and sunlight appears to radiate from the structures themselves. Elsewhere, in the snow scenes, the forms seem to absorb light. The practical nature of the stacks – a means of storing the harvest – receives less attention. When the sheaves of wheat or oats were cut, the cereal stacks were thatched with straw and left to stand until spring, and the arrival of the threshing machines that moved between villages. For a country still smarting from the effects of the Franco–Prussian war – and in a period when France seemed to be rapidly overtaken by industrialised Britain, Germany, the United States or even Russia – Monet’s choice of motif, like the series of poplar paintings that followed, was reassuringly French. The haystacks resonate with notions of rural productivity and the relative harmony of country life. Monet spent extended periods travelling and painting picturesque locations in and around France in the late 1870s to the 1890s – from Vétheuil on the Seine to the coasts of Normandy and Brittany, then London, Venice, Norway and the Mediterranean. Between late 1888 and February 1891 he painted at least thirty canvases of haystacks, of which fifteen were shown in May 1891 at Durand-Ruel’s gallery.1This exhibition built on Monet’s growing success: despite comparatively high prices, most of the Haystacks sold, many of them to American collections where they remain. In October 1890 he could afford to buy the house at Giverny that he had rented since 1883. Ten years later, Monet bought an adjoining field and, from the early 1900s, extended his famous garden with its bridges and ponds of waterlilies (fig. 22, p. 43). Pissarro wrote that Monet’s haystacks ‘breathed’ happiness, but at times the series caused the artist much anxiety.2 In October 1890 he complained about the difficulty of his work, especially his frustration at the time it took to capture instantaneous effects of light.3Haystacks, midday is certainly the result of a ‘long and continued effort’ with its layered paint and compositional changes indicating successive reworking in the field and in the studio. Monet gradually incorporated more and more colour – red–orange at the top of the stack, pink that flecks the stubblefield, touches of orange in the sky, shimmering yellow outlining the trees – until the whole surface of the canvas vibrates in the haze of the midday heat. His sensitivity to rapidly changing light, developed during three decades painting en plein air, as well as the initial haystack paintings made in the previous eighteen months, meant that he was able to extend the series under a greater range of conditions. Clearly it was the changing effects of light, an atmospheric enveloppe around the forms, rather than the stacks themselves, that fascinated the artist. There is a small piece of grass imbedded in the lower right edge of the canvas – perhaps it serves as a reminder of the practical function of haystacks. Lucina Ward 1 Daniel Wildenstein, Monet, or, The triumph of Impressionism (catalogue raisonné), 4 vols, Cologne and Paris: Taschen and Wildenstein Institute, 1996, vol. 3, see cat. W1213–1217 for 1888–89 stacks, W1266–1273 for summer–autumn 1890 and W1274–1290 for 1890–91 winter stacks; the May 1891 exhibition comprised twenty-two works, of which fifteen were haystacks. 2 Camille Pissarro, letter to Lucien Pissarro, 5 May 1891, in Janine Bailly-Herzberg (ed.), Correspondance de Camille Pissaro, 5 vols, Paris: Presses universitaires de France, 1980–91, vol. 3, l. 658, p. 72. 3 Letter to Gustave Geffroy, 7 October 1890, no. 1076, Wildenstein, vol. III, p. 258.