Podcasts about friedan

Who are the most symbolic mid 20th century American Jews? In Eminent Jews, New Yorker staff writer David Denby tells the remarkable stories of Leonard Bernstein, Mel Brooks, Betty Friedan, and Norman Mailer. He explains how each embodied a new Jewish confidence after WWII, contrasting with earlier generations' restraint. Each figure pushed boundaries in their own way - Bernstein through his musical versatility, Brooks through his boundary-pushing humor about Jewish experiences, Friedan through her feminist theories, and Mailer through his provocative writing style. Five key takeaways * Post-WWII Jewish Americans displayed a newfound confidence and willingness to stand out publicly, unlike previous generations who were more cautious about drawing attention to their Jewishness.* The four figures in Denby's book (Bernstein, Brooks, Friedan, and Mailer) each embraced their Jewish identity differently, while becoming prominent in American culture in their respective fields.* Mel Brooks used humor, particularly about Jewish experiences and historical trauma, as both a defense mechanism and a way to assert Jewish presence and resilience.* Each figure pushed against the restraint of previous Jewish generations - Bernstein through his expressive conducting and openness about his complex sexuality, Friedan through her feminist activism, and Mailer through his aggressive literary style.* Rejecting the notion that a Jewish "golden age" has ended, Denby believes that despite current challenges including campus anti-Semitism, American Jews continue to thrive and excel disproportionately to their population size.David Denby is a staff writer at The New Yorker. He served as a film critic for the magazine from 1998 to 2014. His first article for The New Yorker, “Does Homer Have Legs?,” published in 1993, grew into a book, “Great Books: My Adventures with Homer, Rousseau, Woolf, and Other Indestructible Writers of the Western World,” about reading the literary canon at Columbia University. His other subjects for the magazine have included the Scottish Enlightenment, the writers Susan Sontag and James Agee, and the movie directors Clint Eastwood and the Coen brothers. In 1991, he received a National Magazine Award for three of his articles on high-end audio. Before joining The New Yorker, he was the film critic at New York magazine for twenty years; his writing has also appeared in The Atlantic, The New York Review of Books, and The New Republic. He is the editor of “Awake in the Dark: An Anthology of Film Criticism, 1915 to the Present” and the author of “American Sucker”; “Snark”; “Do the Movies Have a Future?,” a collection that includes his film criticism from the magazine; and “Lit Up,” a study of high-school English teaching. This is a public episode. If you'd like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit keenon.substack.com/subscribe

Louise Perry, author of "The Case Against the Sexual Revolution," joins me to discuss the inevitable self-destruction of modernity, and the potential return of traditional values. - - -  Today's Sponsor: 3 Day Blinds - For their buy 1 get 1 50% off deal, head to https://3DayBlinds.com/KLAVAN

Give to help Chris continue making Truce Betty Friedan's The Feminine Mystique kicked off second-wave feminism in the United States. The book was published in 1963 and addressed what she called "the problem that has no name". As women's roles shifted with the invention of electricity and the number of workers needed to run farms decreased, women's roles shifted. The idea of a "traditional" woman went from a farm laborer or factory worker to someone who kept the home and managed her children's schedules. This left many women feeling unsatisfied and searching for their purpose in life. Friedan's book addressed those issues and inspired more extreme views of women. Several "Christian" books were published to respond to Friedan and second-wave feminism. One was The Total Woman, the number one bestselling nonfiction book of the year which has sold over 10 million copies. Published in 1973, it was the genesis of the scene in Fried Green Tomatoes where Kathy Bates goes to the door to meet her husband wrapped in Saran Wrap. It encouraged women to use costumes to greet their husbands, to avoid being "shrewish", and to use Norman Vincent Peele's philosophy of positive thinking. Another book was The Spirit-Controlled Woman by Beverly LaHaye. This was a companion piece to a book written by her husband Tim LaHaye, but it somehow managed to avoid telling women how to live by the Spirit. Special guests join Chris for this episode. Each took a different book so we can better understand this movement and counter-movement. Special Guests: Amy Fritz of the Untangled Faith podcast Anna Tran of the Love Thy Neighborhood podcast Jen Pollock Michel author of In Good Time, A Habit Called Faith, and Surprised by Paradox Sources: The Feminine Mystique by Betty Friedan The Spirit-Controlled Woman by Beverly LaHaye The Total Woman by Marabel Morgan Discussion Questions: What is your relationship to the books we discussed in these episodes? What is the difference between first-wave feminism and second-wave feminism? How have the roles of women changed in society in the last 200 years? What role did electricity, the Industrial Revolution and wars shaped those roles? What was the "problem that has no name"? How did/does it impact women's lives? How does this vision of feminism compare and contrast to biblical images of women? How have we added or subtracted from what the Bible says about women to create our modern image of a "Christian woman"? Morgan advised her readers to meet their husbands at the door in costumes. What is your opinion of this idea? What did she mean when she said she had been "shrewish"? Is that term insulting to women? Why? Is the "Christian ideal" vision of women one that requires women to stay home with children? Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Friedan's book encouraged women to break free of what she called “the feminine mystique,” a concept insisting that women's true fulfillment was to be found through dedication to household labor and their roles as wives and mothers. Written by Susan Hartmann. Narration by Dr. Nicholas B. Breyfogle. Video and textual versions of this podcast are available at https://origins.osu.edu/read/feminine-mystique. Video production by Laura Seeger, Dr. Nicholas B. Breyfogle, and Katherine Weiss. This is a production of Origins: Current Events in Historical Perspective at the Goldberg Center in the Department of History at The Ohio State University and the Department of History at Miami University. Be sure to subscribe to our channel to receive updates about our videos and podcasts. For more information about Origins: Current Events in Historical Perspective, please visit origins.osu.edu.

This week we interview author and theater arts professor Rachel Shteir, whose latest book, Betty Friedan: Magnificent Disruptor, was published by Yale University Press in September 2023. Friedan was the trendsetting feminist writer […]

Mit dem Bestseller von Betty Friedan nahm der Feminismus in den USA wieder Fahrt auf. Friedan forderte die Frauen auf, sich gesellschaftlich zu engagieren.

With her fantastic new biography, Betty Friedan: Magnificent Disrupter (Yale University Press), Rachel Shteir sheds light on a key figure in the women's rights movement. We get into how Friedan's The Feminine Mystique is being erased or glossed over by contemporary writing about women, how the 50th anniversary of TFM sparked this biography, the challenge of balancing Friedan with her work and threading her life and the massive shift in women's rights she helped cause. We talk about Friedan's involvement in Esalen & Human Potential Movement and how it influenced her later work, why knowing her midwestern family upbringing is key to understanding her choices (good and bad), the battle between equal rights and sexual politics and how feminism got away from her, the intersection of Judaism and feminism, and how Friedan began to recognize her mistakes and try to correct for them over time. We also discuss how "What Would Betty Do?" in relation to today's politics and the Me Too movement (potentially not well), how Rachel finds synergies between biography and dramaturgy, and a lot more. Follow Rachel on Twitter and Instagram • More info at our site • Support The Virtual Memories Show via Patreon or Paypal and via our Substack

Betty Friedan, author of The Feminine Mystique (1963) and one of the founders of the National Organization for Women (NOW), was a hero of feminism, but a complicated and difficult hero. Her book and activism were pivotal for igniting second-wave feminism in the 1960s. But as head of NOW, her leadership was irascible and nettlesome, marred especially by her homophobic hostility towards lesbian activism.In a recent review for The New Yorker looking at books about NOW and Friedan, Moira Donegan lays bare the contradictions of Friedan's legacy, her world-changing importance but also the way she sabotaged both herself and the movement she did so much to create. On this episode of The Time of Monsters, we talk about the lessons of Friedan's life and how they remain urgent in current feminist struggles. Moira is a frequent guest of the podcast. She's a columnist for The Guardian and also cohosts a podcast called In Bed With the Right.Advertising Inquiries: https://redcircle.com/brandsPrivacy & Opt-Out: https://redcircle.com/privacy

Betty Friedan, author of The Feminine Mystique (1963) and one of the founders of the National Organization for Women (NOW), was a hero of feminism, but a complicated and difficult hero. Her book and activism were pivotal for igniting second-wave feminism in the 1960s. But as head of NOW, her leadership was irascible and nettlesome, marred especially by her homophobic hostility towards lesbian activism.In a recent review for The New Yorker looking at books about NOW and Friedan, Moira Donegan lays bare the contradictions of Friedan's legacy, her world-changing importance but also the way she sabotaged both herself and the movement she did so much to create. On this episode of The Time of Monsters, we talk about the lessons of Friedan's life and how they remain urgent in current feminist struggles. Moira is a frequent guest of the podcast. She's a columnist for The Guardian and also cohosts a podcast called In Bed With the Right.Advertising Inquiries: https://redcircle.com/brandsPrivacy & Opt-Out: https://redcircle.com/privacy

O que que é ser mulher? Separe trinta minutos do seu dia e aprenda com o professor Vítor Soares (@profvitorsoares) sobre a história do Feminismo. - Se você quiser ter acesso a episódios exclusivos e quiser ajudar o História em Meia Hora a continuar de pé, clique no link: www.apoia.se/historiaemmeiahora - Compre nossas camisas, moletons e muito mais coisas com temática História na Lolja! www.lolja.com.br/creators/historia-em-meia-hora/ - PIX e contato: historiaemmeiahora@gmail.com Apresentação: Prof. Vítor Soares. Roteiro: Prof. Vítor Soares, Prof. Victor Alexandre (@profvictoralexandre) e Bruno Ribeiro (@porcasoltas ) Edição: Victor Portugal. REFERÊNCIAS USADAS - BEAUVOIR, de Simone. O Segundo Sexo. Nova Fronteira; 1ª edição (1 outubro de 2008). - FRIEDAN, Betty. A mística feminina. Rosa dos Tempos; 4ª edição (23 março 2020) - WOLLSTONECRAFT. Mary. Reivindicações dos Direitos da Mulher. Editora Lafonte; 1ª edição (30 julho 2021) - Ondas Feministas: história e vertentes do feminismo | Canal Se Liga - História do Feminismo | Canal Profa Anelize (@profanelize) - História do feminismo: história, vertentes e objetivos de um movimento. | Podcast História FM (@obrigahistoria)

  You contain multitudes. Wait, what does that mean?  We know that the world is vast and beyond what our human brains can comprehend, and yet we take our identities, the essence of who we are, and we try to make it fit neatly into society's little boxes. On this episode of the It's All Me podcast, Gervase breaks down the natural paradox of our existence and why we should embrace it. Listen in to hear why she has made it her mission to stand for the multi-dimensional woman, and why embracing the It's All Me mindset is critical to creating everything that you want in life. In this episode Gervase dives into:   [00:57] Birthday dinner with her mom and why she got upset over The Feminine Mystique [05:40] What held her back when she first became a life coach [09:06] The lies that keep you from embracing your full, paradoxical self [14:35] An invitation to embrace the It's All Me mindset [17:27] A path to healing, community, and integrating the It's All Me Mindset   The Inner Circle Mastermind is now open! Want to see if the Inner Circle Mastermind is the right next step for you? Sign up for a call to discuss your goals and more mastermind deets here Inner Circle Mastermind: Find out what's included here   Buy Your Tix to the I AM Retreat in CHS Event Details: https://www.eventbrite.com/e/the-i-am-retreat-tickets-460263870627   Join G's Email List + Try Her Hypnosis for Free Download your free gift, the Trust Yo'self hypnosis track: https://bit.ly/3xKuaPv    Follow Gervase Connect with Gervase on Instagram: www.instagram.com/gervasekolmos Visit her website: https://www.gervasekolmos.com/    Resources: Free Joyful AF Masterclass replay (available for a limited time) G's recent podcast episode with Sarah Jenks Mrs. America (TV Mini Series 2020) - IMDb Amazon.com: The Feminine Mystique: 9780393346787: Friedan, Betty, Collins, Gail, Quindlen, Anna: Books

WCBU's On Deck has everything you need to know to start your day for Tuesday, March 8. Our top story is about Greater Peoria Economic Development Council CEO Chris Setti's take on the latest Moody's financial forecast report for Peoria. You'll also hear about the life and legacy of Peoria native and second wave feminist Betty Friedan. WCBU correspondent Steve Tartar interviews former Peoria Journal Star editor Barbara Drake about the time she interviewed Friedan in 1999, the impact of "The Feminine Mystique," Friedan's Peoria roots, and more. On Deck is produced by WCBU student intern Holden Kellogg.

The roots of the modern feminist movement can be traced directly back to a single book published nearly 60 years ago. It was called The Feminine Mystique. Its author was a young would-be journalist named Betty Friedan. It is widely regarded as the spark that lit the fire of the feminist movement. But that was only the beginning for Betty Friedan. Three years later, she co-founded the National Organization for Women, and was its first president. She also helped establish the National Womens Political Caucus. And she founded what was then known as the National Association for the Repeal of Abortion Laws, known today simply as NARAL. In 2000, Friedan wrote a memoir called Life So Far.

Today, we are seeing more and more discourse about the rise of the trad (traditional) wife, with the gorls on Tiktok and Instagram romanticising having a family, being a wife, sundresses and staying at home. Very Lana del Rey 2012 vibes. In 1963, Betty Friedan wrote about the “problem with no name.” Friedan's The Feminine Mystique detailed the widespread unhappiness of the idealised happy-suburban-housewife in the 1950s and early 1960s. So why have we returned to pining for these outdated notions of femininity?This week Halima and her special guest, Polyester socials editor Eden Young, discuss why so many women crave a lifestyle second-wave feminists fought so adamantly against, and why feminism is not the reason we have to work to live - capitalism is.Have an opinion and want to be featured on an upcoming episode? We want to hear from YOU! Send us your thoughts on this episode to ione@polyesterzine.com, leave a review, or drop us a DM on Instagram.Want to support the podcast? If you're a brand or organisation that could help us continue the show, Please fill in this form. Can't wait to hear from you!We'd love to know what you think about our podcast. Fill out this survey here to let us know

The Feminine Mystique by Betty Friedan is widely credited for initiating the "second wave" of feminism. Dissecting the problematic themes of this framework, and Friedan's writing itself, is an important beginning in tackling the overall issues with white feminism. 

Stephanie Ann Boyd, the composer-in-residence, for the Peoria Symphony Orchestra joins The Greg and Dan Show to promote the upcoming performance and debut of "HerStory: A Musical Tribute to Betty Friedan." Friedan, a Peoria native, has left a legacy in the area and Boyd seeks to rejoice on her life as the historic performance celebrates the centennial of her birth.  Visit peoriasymphony.org for more information and to purchase tickets.  See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Audrey Denecke, President & Founder of Threshold Change, heard her clarion call to what would become a career in ushering leaders and organizations through change at ten. She experienced a moment that shook her young sensibilities to the core.  Hear Audrey describe when she first discovered and bristled against the ways men and women were treated differently. After that day memorable day, Audrey would repeatedly tell the story of her distress and sense of unfairness to anyone who would listen. The explanations given did not match her emerging barometer for just treatment. Early adult experiences led to her involvement in social justice causes, including women's employment rights (and other issues). She grew as a leader and became adept at marshaling change in coalition with others. Audrey's focus is now on guiding change at the individual, team, and whole-system level within corporations and other organizations. As a coach, she has partnered with hundreds of leaders through individual coaching, team coaching, and related assessments. She partners with leaders to expand their capacities, effectively navigate, and lead their teams and divisions through changing circumstances. Audrey holds an M.S. in Organizational Development (Loyola University/Chicago, IL) and a B.A. in Industrial/Organizational Psychology (Mundelein College Chicago, IL | Loyola University). She is a certified and experienced professional leader coach.  In this episode, Holly & Kristin talk with Audrey Denecke about: Her young awakening to the inequality between men and women A passion for social justice sparked in unplanned and surprising places Remembering the past challenges, wins, and future issues for women Becoming an activist for the causes you believe in Key Takeaways Audrey encourages all women to understand the issues, get involved, be self-aware, do their best work at something they love and are passionate about, and above all, BE BRAVE.  "If women don't sit at the table, then inequality sits there."— Audrey Denecke  Connect with Audrey: Email:              abdenecke@aol.com LinkedIn:          Audrey B. Denecke, MSOD | LinkedIn Instagram:       https://instagram.com/abdenecke   Guest Resource Links: National Organization for Women (now.org) Home | National Urban League (nul.org) Home | League of Women Voters (lwv.org) Our Bodies, Ourselves: Boston Women's Health Book Collective, Norsigian, Judy: 9781439190661: Amazon.com: Books This Chair Rocks: Applewhite, Ashton: 9781250297259: Amazon.com: Books Amazon.com: The Feminine Mystique (9780393346787): Friedan, Betty, Collins, Gail, Quindlen, Anna: Books Martin Niemöller QUOTE: "First they came for the Socialists, and I did not speak out, Because I was not a Socialist. Then they came for the Trade Unionists, and I did not speak out, Because I was not a Trade Unionist. Then they came for the Jews, and I did not speak out, Because I was not a Jew. Then they came for me, and there was no one left to speak for me."   UPLIFTING WOMEN HOSTS Kristin Strunk and Holly Teska Your co-hosts of the UPLIFTING WOMEN PODCAST, Holly Teska & Kristin Strunk, are women who UPLIFT other women at work and in the world.  Every other week they bring uplifting women guests to share their personal stories of challenge and triumph to inform and inspire their listeners.  The podcast also features guests who have played a significant role in honoring women and their place in the world by serving as promoters, sponsors, and coaches to the many women in their personal and professional lives. Join Holly and Kristin as they hear how their guests navigate the world of career aspirations, life, love, and family. Get advice from successful women who have figured out their own version of "secret sauce" to create the life they love. Holly believes the world needs the best leaders it can build; those who demonstrate integrity, empathy, humility, vision, positivity, and confidence. This type of leader brings out the best in others and delivers outstanding results. Holly feels we need everyone to perform at 100% to making our world a better place. Holly's experience in leadership, executive coaching, and talent development is the foundation of her career.  She has helped bright and motivated leaders become the very best versions of themselves. Through direct feedback, reflection, experimentation, and honest conversation, she will push you to excel at what you were called to do. Holly is especially committed to helping women navigate the choppy waters of today's fast-paced workplace and evolving world conditions but works with many different individuals and situations.  She welcomes inquiries for leadership and executive coaching and speaking engagements. Kristin's experiences have led her to the simple conclusion that leadership is simple - maybe not always easy, but simple.  Her work supporting leaders in finding their voices inspired her to find her own voice in the space of employee experience and leadership development.  She often hears the question that isn't being asked and is skilled at facilitating conversations and building relationships.  She has helped executives lead organizational transformations involving employee engagement, technology, and the new "Future of Work."  Follow her hashtag #responsibleleadership on social media to learn more about simple things leaders can do to build relationships and have a lasting positive impact.   Website:         www.upliftingwomen.net Connect with Holly: LinkedIn:         https://www.linkedin.com/in/hollyteska Twitter:           https://twitter.com/HollyTeska Facebook:       https://www.facebook.com/holly.teska Instagram:      https://instagram.com/HollyTeska Personal Website:         www.hollyteska.com Email:              holly@upliftingwomen.net   Connect with Kristin: LinkedIn:         https://www.linkedin.com/in/kristin-strunk Twitter:           https://twitter.com/leadadvisor Facebook:       https://www.facebook.com/kristin.t.strunk Instagram:      https://instagram.com/ktuttlestrunk Email:              kristin@upliftingwomen.net

De origen judío, la líder feminista estadounidense Betty Friedan publicó en 1963 el libro “La mística feminista”, una obra considerada clave en la historia del feminismo y que ha vendido millones de copias en todo el mundo. Friedan fue también cofundadora y presidenta en 1966 de la Organización Nacional de Mujeres (NOW por sus siglas en inglés), pionera en el movimiento de mujeres y que en el siglo XXI se mantiene como una de las organizaciones feministas más importantes de EE.UU. Coincidiendo con el centenario de su nacimiento, Centro Sefarad-Israel, en colaboración con Clásicas y Modernas y Ellas Crean, organiza este podcast en la que la filóloga e investigadora Josune Muñoz ahondará en los aportes de Betty Friedan al movimiento feminista.

Amy: Welcome to Breaking Down Patriarchy! I'm Amy McPhie Allebest. Today we will be talking about one of the most groundbreaking books of the 20th Century. Betty Friedan's The Feminine Mystique, written in 1963, sent shockwaves through the world that still reverberate today. Some readers may view it as a relic that represents the world as it used to be - the book itself was instrumental in changing society, so a lot has changed since then - but for me, I recognized the “feminine mystique” in many ways as the very world I grew up in, and that still continues today in many conservative religious environments. Particularly Mormon listeners might find it interesting to know that the leadership of the LDS church was standardizing its doctrine and practices in an initiative called “correlation” during the 1950's and 60's, so the ideal 1950's patriarchal American family, with the father as the sole provider and the mother at home, made a huge, indelible stamp on Mormon doctrine and Mormon culture. And I understand from friends of other faiths that something similar happened in other conservative denominations as well. So this book was an absolute revelation for me, and I can't wait to discuss it with my reading partner today, Marta Wilde. Hi, Marta! Marta: Hi, Amy! Amy: Marta and I met in Los Altos, California - our oldest children were in high school choir together, and our youngest children were in the same elementary school classrooms at our local elementary school. The first time we talked was when we were both chaperoning our kids' 5th grade field trip to a local Spanish mission. That's relevant for today, because the thing Friedan's book really rails against is being a stay-home mom: one of her chapters is called “The Comfortable Concentration Camp.” So in full disclosure, Marta and I are both currently full-time moms. But anyway, Marta, that day that we chaperoned together, I was so struck by your warmth and humor, and also by your personal story, and I'm wondering if you could share a little about yourself and what perspective you bring to the discussion today. Marta:  Sure Amy.  My full name is Marta Luna Wilde.  I'm the youngest of nine children, and I was born and raised in the San Francisco Bay Area.  I think pertinent to this book is the fact that I have 7 brothers and 1 sister.  My family immigrated from Central Mexico in 1962, with my father having worked in the Bracero Program after World War II (he started working in that program in 1948 or 49).  In the 60s to early 1980s, my dad worked as a cook at Stanford University which allowed me to play in and around campus throughout my childhood.  That was definitely an amazing backyard in which to grow-up.  I got a BA from Stanford 1987 and M.Ed from UCLA in 1990.  My professional career includes teaching in Los Angeles, Redwood City, and Palo Alto; I served as a program trainer with the Accelerated Schools Project (for disadvantaged schools) while it was still at Stanford's School of Education; and I worked as a social science researcher developing curricula at the Prevention Research Center at Stanford's School of Medicine.  Currently, I'm a stay-at-home mom, but am interested in finding ways to use my background in education to promote environmental education in schools, specifically with bilingual Spanish/English language learners.  On a personal level, I'm married to my physicist/engineer husband and we have three daughters aged 13,13, and 21.  The twins attend school in Los Altos and my older daughter goes to college in NYC.   Despite the pandemic, our family is thriving in this crazy world turned upside down.  Covid-safe visits with my 93 year old mother in nearby Sunnyvale help keep me grounded and provide an optimistic perspective on day to day living.  Amy: Thanks so much, Marta. And then I also like to ask my reading partners what their thoughts are on Breaking...

En este episodio se repasa la historia del toreo femenino desde mediados de siglo XIX hasta la actualidad, señalando cómo este siempre ha ido ligado al desarrollo de los movimientos sociales por los derechos de la mujer. Locutado por Gonzalo Bienvenida y Victoria Collantes, ha contado con la participación de Mari Fortes (torero), Cristina Sánchez (torero), Eneko Andueza (portavoz del grupo socialista en el Parlamento Vasco), Lea Vicens (rejoneadora) y Muriel Feiner (periodista). Este episodio ha sido impulsado por la Fundación del Toro de Lidia, con la colaboración del Ministerio de Cultura y Deporte. Guión y producción: Lidia Cossío de la Iglesia. Documentación: Guillermo Vellojín. Comité Editor: Robert Albiol, Muriel Feiner, Alipio Pérez-Tabernero, David Jaramillo. Notas: Alicia Tomás no dejará el teatro, por Madriles, Pepe, Hoja del Lunes, Madrid, 6/IV/1970, nº1619, p.27. Beauvoir, Simone de, El segundo sexo, Ediciones Cátedra, Madrid, 2005. Beauvoir, Simone de, La fuerza de las cosas, Editorial Edhasa, Barcelona, 1980. Cintrón, Conchita, Recuerdos, Espasa Calpe, Madrid, 1962. Claramunt, Fernando, Historia ilustrada de la tauromaquia, Espasa Calpe, Madrid, 1989. Condesa d' Aulnoy, Relación del viaje a España en 1679, Editado por Luis Bocos (en C.C) Cossío, José María de, Los toros, tratado técnico e histórico, Espasa Calpe, Madrid, XI tomos. El caso 112, Documentos TV. 6 de febrero de 1991 (https://www.rtve.es/alacarta/videos/documentos-tv/documentos-tv-caso-112/645093/) Feiner, Muriel, La Mujer en el mundo del toro, Alianza Editorial, Madrid, 1995. Feiner, Muriel, Mujer y tauromaquia: desafíos y logros, Ediciones Bellaterra, Barcelona, 2017. Ferrer Valero, Sandra, Pioneras del feminismo: una historia de las primeras mujeres luchadoras, Principal Libros, Barcelona, 2020. Friedan, Betty, La mística de la feminidad, Ediciones Cátedra, Madrid, 2016. García Antón, Rafael, Juanita Cruz, su odisea, Artes Gráficas Sol S.A, Madrid, 1982. Insúa, Alberto, La Mujer, el torero y el toro, Ediciones Favencia S.A, Barcelona, 1971. La actriz Alicia Tomás contratada como torera, Hoja del Lunes, Madrid, 30/III/1970, nº1618, p.21. La fiesta de los toros, La Voz: diario republicano, Córdoba, 13/VIII/1934, nº5294 Llegó la hora de la verdad para las mujeres torear, por Dávila, José Luis, Hoja del Lunes, Madrid, 19/VIII/1974, nº1844, p. 16. Los toreros piden luz verde para Ángela Hernández, Diario de Burgos, Burgos, 31/VII/1974, nº25.726, p.9 María Salomé, La Reverte, Crónica Gráfica, ABC, 25/VII/1908, Madrid. Miguel, Ana de, Los feminismos a través de la historia, Mujeres en Red (periódico feminista), 2011. Millet, Kate, Política sexual, Ediciones Cátedra, Madrid, 2017. Montero, Paco, Vida y arte de Conchita Cintrón, Editorial Católica Española, Sevilla, 1948. Navarrete Betancourt, Francisco, Toros y toreros en Venezuela, Talleres Gráfico Americano, Caracas, 1972. Portada de The Kon Leche del 29/XI/1912, Madrid, nº.26. Retratos viejos. Dolores Pretel Úbeda, La fiesta brava, semanario taurino, 1/VI/1928, Barcelona, nº95, p. 3. Rivas Santiago, Natalio, Semblanzas taurinas,Editorial Mediterráneo, Madrid, 1946. Schubert, Adrian, A las cinco de la tarde: una historia social del toreo, Editorial Turner, Madrid, 2002. Varela, Nuria, Feminismo para principiantes, Ediciones B, Penguin Random House Grupo Editorial, Barcelona, 2019. Vicent J.R, Kehoe, Wine, Women and Toros, Hasting House Publishers, Nueva York, 1961. Wollstonecraft, Mary, Vindicación de los derechos de la mujer, Biblioteca Libre Omegalfa.

This week's guest is the journalist Gaby Hinsliff, former political editor of the Observer and now a columnist and writer for the Guardian and others. This was such a dream interview in so many ways - I've admired Gaby's journalism for years, and I loved her book Half a Wife: The Working Family's Guide to Getting a Life Back when it came out nine years ago. Examining the compromises men and women make to juggle work and home, and the benefits of workplaces taking a new more flexible approach, it feels pretty timely right now, almost a decade on. Now Gaby has written the introduction to the first ever UK ebook edition of The Feminine Mystique, published  to coincide with the 100th anniversary of Betty Friedan's birth. It looks at the incredibly important role she played in freeing women from the cult of domesticy - but also at more problematic elements of Friedan's life, including her homophobic comments. It's a refreshingly mature way to approach an historic text and I loved talking to Gaby about that, as well as about breaking boundaries when she became the youngest political editor of a national newspaper -  and then packing in those 18 hour days to find (a bit) more balance. I hope you enjoy it as much as I did. Buy the book: https://books.apple.com/gb/book/the-feminine-mystique/id1553757817 Edited by Chelsey Moore

Is there a place for seminal second-wave feminist Betty Friedan in modern feminist thinking? On what would have been the 100th anniversary of her birth, Thread has published Friedan’s classic text, The Feminine Mystique (originally published in 1963), as an e-book. Journalist Gaby Hinsliff has written the intro and she joins our Mickey in the sixth and final interview in our International Women’s Day 2021 specials to talk about why, yes, Friedan still has A LOT of relevant things to say about the continued fight for women’s rights. With a few caveats. Support this show http://supporter.acast.com/standardissuespodcast. See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

How and when did gender become such a heightened political issue? And what are the psychological implications for individuals and the collective? The origins of feminism, the LBG liberation movement, and the emerging transgender movement are explored within a psychological and cultural framework Links: Books  Beauvoir, Simone de (2009) [1949]. The Second Sex. Trans. Constance Borde and Sheila Malovany-Chevallier. Random House. Simone de Beauvoir wrote that "the first time we see a woman take up her pen in defense of her sex" was Christine de Pizan in Epitre au Dieu d'Amour (Epistle to the God of Love) in the 15th century.     Friedan, Betty (1963). The Feminine Mystique. W.W.Norton & Company.    French, Marilyn (1977) The Women's Room. Simon & Schuster    Stryker, Susan (2009-01-07). https://books.google.com/books?id=KLRuDgAAQBAJ&pg=PT128 (Transgender History). Da Capo Press     Bailey, Michael (2003). The Man Who Would Be Queen: The Science of Gender Bending and Transsexualism. Joseph Henry Press    American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental   disorders (5th ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press.  Articles    10 reasons american politics are so divided:   https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2015/01/07/the-top-10-reasons-american-politics-are-worse-than-ever/ (https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2015/01/07/the-top-10-reasons-american-politics-are-worse-than-ever/)    Conversion therapy bans:   https://www.lgbtmap.org/equality-maps/conversion_therapy (https://www.lgbtmap.org/equality-maps/conversion_therapy)    Tumblr: A Call Out Post:   https://4thwavenow.com/2019/03/20/tumblr-a-call-out-post/ (https://4thwavenow.com/2019/03/20/tumblr-a-call-out-post/)    The Controversy Surrounding the Man Who Would Be Queen (Michael Bailey's book):  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3170124/    Film   Suffragette (2015) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IFoQt5vsgnQ (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IFoQt5vsgnQ)    Media  Julie Bindel, 2004 article in the Guardian:  https://www.theguardian.com/world/2004/jan/31/gender.weekend7 (https://www.theguardian.com/world/2004/jan/31/gender.weekend7)     Kimberly Nixon and the Vancouver Rape Relief Centre: Rupp, Shannon (February 3, 2007). https://thetyee.ca/News/2007/02/03/Nixon/ ("Transsexual Loses Fight with Women's Shelter"). The Tyee: https://thetyee.ca/News/2007/02/03/Nixon/ (https://thetyee.ca/News/2007/02/03/Nixon/)     Michigan Womyn's Music Festival:  https://www.facebook.com/michfest/posts/10153186431364831 (https://www.facebook.com/michfest/posts/10153186431364831)  https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2009/03/02/lesbian-nation (https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2009/03/02/lesbian-nation)     Ken Zucker:  https://www.thecut.com/2016/02/fight-over-trans-kids-got-a-researcher-fired.html (https://www.thecut.com/2016/02/fight-over-trans-kids-got-a-researcher-fired.html)     Michael Bailey: https://chicagounbound.uchicago.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2961&context=journal_articles (https://chicagounbound.uchicago.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2961&context=journal_articles)     The DSM, gender dysphoria, Ray Blanchard: https://ph.news.yahoo.com/meet-bold-sexologist-questioning-transgender-103022519.html (https://ph.news.yahoo.com/meet-bold-sexologist-questioning-transgender-103022519.html)     WPATH, Standards of Care, Version 7, Coleman et al., (2012),   http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15532739.2011.700873 (http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15532739.2011.700873)    World Health Organization. (2018). ‘International Classification of Diseases: Gender   incongruence... Support this podcast

The Feminine Mystique - Betty Friedan  Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/5VBqGiB... Twitter: https://twitter.com/mansplainingf We've reached the funky 60s and another major text in the feminist movement. The Feminine Mystique by Betty Friedan called out the "problem that has no name" but that was felt so clearly by many women in the US since the end of World War two. Criticised for being centred on a specifically middle-class and white demographic, the book was nevertheless a major turning point and was highly influential.    (00:00) Introduction (00:31) Billy's new feminist glasses (01:24) Betty Friedan is American so it matters more (02:33) Betty Friedan was a socialist, Jewish and feminist activist (04:00) The problem that has no name, American housewives and their lost potential (09:16) The feminine mystique and the female stereotype (13:33) "Housewife fatigue" and the problems of patriarchy according to Friedan (15:10) Mad Men, Betty and her unnamed problem (16:05) The response to The Feminine Mystique  (17:18) Critique of The Feminine Mystique from LGBTQ and Black feminists

In today's News: Preemie babies saved in Louisiana Thousands of people from Lake Charles, La, were forced to evacuate as Hurricane Laura approached from the Gulf of Mexico last week. The powerful Category 4 hurricane threatened 150 mph winds and catastrophic storm surges, causing nearly one-million people to flee from Texas and Louisiana, with the Lake Charles area ultimately the hardest hit. Yet a small group of brave people remained behind to care for babies who weren’t able to leave. Nineteen babies remained in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) at Lake Charles Memorial Hospital, and a team of 14 nurses, two neonatal nurse practitioners, three respiratory therapists, and one doctor stayed behind to make sure they stayed safe. Some of the babies weighed as little as one pound, others relied on ventilators, feeding tubes, and respirators, and some were born premature as early as 23 weeks. The team slept in shifts when they could to make sure someone was always caring for the babies. The babies had been moved from the women’s hospital to the main hospital in advance of the storm, as the main building had a generator and was built to withstand hurricane-force winds. California churches fight to stay open As California officials continue threatening residents for exercising their First Amendment right to religious assembly, one Christian pastor is standing up to offer to pay any legal penalties for those who worship in defiance of state mandates. Democrat Gov. Gavin Newsom has banned indoor religious services, along with various types of secular gatherings, in 29 counties representing 80 percent of the state’s population, in the name of containing the spread of covid-19. Numerous churches have defied the order, including Grace Community Church of Sun Valley, Cornerstone Church of Fresno, Destiny Christian Church of Rocklin and Harvest Rock Church of Pasadena. Last week, Pastor Ché Ahn Of Harvest Rock Church announced that he would pay for any tickets given to those who choose to attend in person despite the order, Pasadena Now reported. Local officials have threatened Ahn with fines, jail time, or worse for his civil disobedience. Another pro-abortion group accused of racism The National Organization for Women (NOW) appears to be the latest pro-abortion group accused of racism at the highest levels of leadership. Abortion giant Planned Parenthood has dealt with numerous accusations of racism in recent weeks, as has NARAL Pro-Choice America. NOW, founded in 1966 by feminist icon Betty Friedan, fractured after two pro-abortion men, Lawrence Lader qnd Bernard Nathanson, convinced Friedan to add abortion rights to the organization’s platform. Lader maintained that in order for abortion to be legalized, the eugenic agenda must be hidden from the public, and “women… and some blacks” must be kept “out front” once recruited to the cause. Recently, The Daily Beast reporter Emily Shugerman conducted interviews with nearly a dozen members and employees of now who claim that women of color were being “heckled, silenced, or openly disparaged at now meetings and offices.” As a result, 26 of 35 now state chapters signed a letter demanding the resignation of NOW’s president, Toni Van Pelt.

Although feminism can seem like a good thing, and definitely attempted to make things better for women in several ways, the real story behind feminism is seldom told. Like an iceberg, the true story of modern feminism has a lot more below the surface than most of us see above it. As in everything that's truly important, glancing at the tip of the iceberg will NOT give us real understanding. Getting to the bottom of things is critical, and understanding the iceberg all the way to the bottom enables us to really see the matter for what it truly is. Only then can we make an informed decision about what feminism is. Only then can do we know if and how we should support it. Join Audrey this week as she gets to the bottom of modern feminism - bringing clarity to its founders, its founding book The Feminine Mystique and its author Betty Friedan - showing their crucial role in changing the way Americans think about women.  Listener's Guide: Use the time stamps below to skip to any part of the podcast.  3:30     Marilyn French 5:38     The Book - The Feminine Mystique 9:27      Who Was Betty Friedan & Why It Matters 11:40    Smith College - The Making of a Worldview 17:50    Highlander Folk School and the Changing of Institutions 19:14    UC Berkley  & Union Journalist 20:33   Standing for Issues & early writings on Women's Issues 24:04   The Real Story Behind The Feminine Mystique 25:08   Authors Who Influenced Betty Friedan 29:10    Simone de Beauvoir & Frederich Engels 34:30   Did It Work? 37:55    Girls in the '50s and '60s - Film and Magazines 39:16    Conscious Raising and The Feminine Mystique 42:40   Anne Oakley 43:34    The Demands 44:22    What Audrey Learned Quotes from this episode: “...my father's individualism and pagan ethical standards were in complete contrast to the rigidly moral conventionalism of my mother's teaching. This disequilibrium, which made my life a kind of endless disputation, is the main reason why I became an intellectual.”~Simone de Beauvoir “Feminism is my religion. I wouldn't know how to think without it." ~Marilyn French “The story of her life, which she has told and which has been popularly accepted, is that she awoke to the woman problem in the late '50s and early '60s and was totally unaware of it previously...All sources agree that Friedan's feminism emerged solely from her research for the Feminist Mystique.” ~Daniel Horowitz “...married in 1947 (true) and for almost the next 20 years, lived the life of a conventional suburban housewife and mother (not true).” ~Cambridge Dictionary of American Biography 1995 “Success of the book was due in large measure (6000 copies to millions) to its claim that it spoke to and from experiences of a suburban housewife in the 1950's.” ~Daniel Horowitz “Men, there is something cooking in your kitchens. Women are waking up to the fact that they can produce things other than babies.” ~Betty Friedan “The liberation of women will only come when they enter the workforce.” ~Frederich Engels “This is not a story of how one woman came to consciousness about her role as a housewife. It is about a national movement with many people involved, of which she was a part.” ~Daniel Horowitz  “There are three political statements that point the way to the liberation of housewives: The housewife role must be abolished, the family must be abolished, gender roles must be abolished.” ~Anne Oakley “What we didn't think through was how else we were to bring up children.”  “She changed the course of history almost singlehandedly. It took a driven, super-aggressive, egocentric, almost lunatic dynamo to rock the world the way she did. Unfortunately, she was that same person at home, where that kind of conduct doesn't work. She simply never understood this.” ~Carl Friedan Books from this episode:      Links from this episode:

Episode 87 is the first of a many-headed beast that, hopefully, everyone enjoys and learns from. I explore multiple pieces of media stemming from the tumultuous period of American History, the 1960s and 70s. I introduce to you the series entitled, “Important Women Who Did Important Stuff”! Tonight, along with my best friend and special guest host, Alison, we take a look at the Hulu Original Series, Mrs. America, and give you a glimpse into the lives of the key figures in the battle for the Equal Rights Amendment. We also cover an in-depth lesson on how to share memes with friends on Facebook, and rage over the childish reactions by adults over a young girl's entrepreneurial venture. In the following weeks, I will continue to explore the series, as well as cover the books, The Feminine Mystique by Betty Friedan, and The Truth Will Set You Free, But First It Will Piss You Off by Gloria Steinem. I will also offer the research I found about our major players, Steinem, Friedan, Phyliss Schlafly, and Shirley Chisholm. Promos: Livestream For The Cure: www.livestreamforthecure.com, on Twitter @livestream4cure, or @epicfilmguysFeminists Without Mystique: @fwmpodcast on TwitterRock Candy Podcast: @rockcandypod on TwitterIntro Theme Song Provided By: Sean Faust Outro Theme Song Provided By: Victoria TimpanaroWhen you are in the market for concert, sports or events tickets, why don't you use Seat Giant? You can receive a discount if you enter the promo code: BROOKWORMS specially designed for fans of the Brook Reading Podcast! Go to www.seatgiant.com and check them out! Thank you so much for all of your support! Subscribe and check out my other episodes on Apple Podcasts, Google Play, Spotify, Stitcher, Radio Public, Castbox, Player FM, or download directly from Brook Reading on Spreaker You can also leave comments, questions, or novel requests on Twitter @brookreadingpod, on Instagram @brookreading, on Facebook at https://www.facebook.com/brookreadingpodcast/ or email me: brookreading@gmail.com. You can also find anything Brook Reading related on www.brookreadingpodcast.com! If you use the hashtags #wlipodpeeps #ladypodsquad #podernfamily on Twitter or go to the No Phony Podcast Network's website (www.nophonynetwork.com), you'll discover other awesome podcasts. Happy reading!

Esta semana en nuestra “Sección principal” traigo a la genial escritora, periodista, médico forense… Amy Hempel. Reconocida autora del mítico relato “La cosecha” y que con menos de medio centenar de relatos breves compilados en 4 antologías es una de las mejores escritoras vivas. Os hablaré de ella y de su obra y os leeré su relato “El centro". Además en la sección “Rodajes malditos” viajamos a 1982 para volver a reunirnos con Werner Herzog y Klaus Kinski, y tras hablar hace una semanas de “Aguirre la cólera de Dios” os traigo esta vez “Fitzcarraldo” que nos narraba la historia real de un excéntrico y megalómano hombre de negocios y cuyo rodaje fue un auténtico infierno. Finalmente en la sección “¿Qué fue de?” os hablo de Betty Naomi Goldstein a la que conocemos por su apellido de casada, Friedan. En 1963 escribió “La mística de la feminidad” un libro clave en la historia del pensamiento feminista y considerado como uno de los libros de no ficción más influyentes del siglo XX. Tiempos: Sección principal: del 00:02:49 al 01:23:31 Sección “Rodajes malditos”: del 01:23:32 al 02:11:59 Sección “¿Qué fue de?”: del 02:12:00 al 02:56:49 Presentación, dirección, edición y montaje: Asier Menéndez Marín Diseño logo Podcast: albacanodesigns (Alba Cano) Escucha el episodio completo en la app de iVoox, o descubre todo el catálogo de iVoox Originals

Mit dem Bestseller von Betty Friedan nahm der Feminismus in den USA wieder Fahrt auf. Friedan forderte die Frauen auf, sich gesellschaftlich zu engagieren.

A detailed look at black, African-American, culture during the "Sixties". (1960-1969)   Overview   "The Sixties":  the counterculture and revolution in social norms about clothing, music, drugs, dress, sexuality, formalities, and schooling – or - irresponsible excess, flamboyance, and decay of social order.   Also labeled the Swinging Sixties because of the fall or relaxation of social taboos especially relating to racism and sexism that occurred during this time.   Also described as a classical Jungian nightmare cycle, where a rigid culture, unable to contain the demands for greater individual freedom, broke free of the social constraints of the previous age through extreme deviation from the norm.   The confrontation between the US and the Soviet Union dominated geopolitics during the '60s, with the struggle expanding into developing nations in Latin America, Africa, and Asia characterized by proxy wars, funding of insurgencies, and puppet governments.   In response to civil disobedience campaigns from groups like the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), U.S. President John F. Kennedy, pushed for social reforms. Kennedy's assassination in 1963 was a shock.   Liberal reforms were finally passed under Lyndon B. Johnson including civil rights for African Americans· and healthcare for the elderly and the poor. Despite his large-scale Great Society programs, Johnson was increasingly reviled. The heavy-handed American role in the Vietnam War outraged student protestors around the globe.   The assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr., anti-Vietnam War movement, and the police response towards protesters of the 1968 Democratic National Convention, defined a politics of violence in the United States.   The 1960s were marked by several notable assassinations:   12 June 1963 – Medgar Evers, an NAACP field secretary. Assassinated by Byron de la Beckwith, a member of the Ku Klux Klan in Jackson, Mississippi.   22 November 1963 – John F. Kennedy, President of the United States. Assassinated by Lee Harvey Oswald while riding in a motorcade through Dealey Plaza in Dallas, Texas.   21 February 1965 – Malcolm X. Assassinated by members of the Nation of Islam in New York City. There is a dispute about which members killed Malcolm X.   4 April 1968 – Martin Luther King, Jr., civil rights leader. Assassinated by James Earl Ray in Memphis, Tennessee.   5 June 1968 – Robert F. Kennedy, United States Senator. Assassinated by Sirhan Sirhan in Los Angeles, after taking California in the presidential national primaries.   Social and political movements (counterculture)   Flower Power/Hippies In the second half of the decade, young people began to revolt against the conservative norms of the time. The youth involved in the popular social aspects of the movement became known as hippies. These groups created a movement toward liberation in society, including the sexual revolution, questioning authority and government, and demanding more freedoms and rights for women and minorities. The movement was also marked by the first widespread, socially accepted drug use (including LSD and marijuana) and psychedelic music.     Anti-war movement The war in Vietnam would eventually lead to a commitment of over half a million American troops, resulting in over 58,500 American deaths and producing a large-scale antiwar movement in the United States. Students became a powerful and disruptive force and university campuses sparked a national debate over the war. The antiwar movement was heavily influenced by the American Communist Party, but by the mid-1960s it outgrew this and became a broad-based mass movement centered in universities and churches: one kind of protest was called a "sit-in".   Civil rights movement Beginning in the mid-1950s and continuing into the late 1960s, African-Americans in the United States aimed at outlawing racial discrimination against black Americans and voting rights to them. The emergence of the Black Power movement, which lasted roughly from 1966 to 1975, enlarged the aims of the civil rights movement to include racial dignity, economic and political self-sufficiency, and anti-imperialism. The movement was characterized by major campaigns of civil resistance. Forms of protest and/or civil disobedience included boycotts such as the successful Montgomery Bus Boycott (1955–1956) in Alabama; "sit-ins" such as the influential Greensboro sit-ins (1960) in North Carolina; marches, such as the Selma to Montgomery marches (1965) in Alabama.; and a wide range of other nonviolent activities. Noted legislative achievements during this phase of the civil rights movement were passage of Civil Rights Act of 1964, that banned discrimination based on "race, color, religion, or national origin" in employment practices and public accommodations; the Voting Rights Act of 1965, that restored and protected voting rights; the Immigration and Nationality Services Act of 1965, that dramatically opened entry to the U.S. to immigrants other than traditional European groups; and the Fair Housing Act of 1968, that banned discrimination in the sale or rental of housing.   Hispanic and Chicano movement Another large ethnic minority group, the Mexican-Americans, are among other Hispanics in the U.S. who fought to end racial discrimination and socioeconomic disparity. In the 1960s and the following 1970s, Hispanic-American culture was on the rebound like ethnic music, foods, culture and identity both became popular and assimilated into the American mainstream. Spanish-language television networks, radio stations and newspapers increased in presence across the country.   Second-wave feminism A second wave of feminism in the United States and around the world gained momentum in the early 1960s. While the first wave of the early 20th century was centered on gaining suffrage and overturning de jure inequalities, the second wave was focused on changing cultural and social norms and de facto inequalities associated with women. At the time, a woman's place was generally seen as being in the home, and they were excluded from many jobs and professions. Feminists took to the streets, marching and protesting, writing books and debating to change social and political views that limited women. In 1963, with Betty Friedan's revolutionary book, The Feminine Mystique, the role of women in society, and in public and private life was questioned. By 1966, the movement was beginning to grow and power as women's group spread across the country and Friedan, along with other feminists, founded the National Organization for Women. In 1968, "Women's Liberation" became a household term.   Gay rights movement The United States, in the middle of a social revolution, led the world in LGBT rights in the late 1960s and early 1970s. Inspired by the civil-rights movement and the women's movement, early gay-rights pioneers had begun, by the 1960s, to build a movement. These groups were rather conservative in their practices, emphasizing that gay men and women are no different from those who are straight and deserve full equality. This philosophy would be dominant again after AIDS, but by the very end of the 1960s, the movement's goals would change and become more radical, demanding a right to be different, and encouraging gay pride.   Crime The 1960s was also associated with a large increase in crime and urban unrest of all types. Between 1960 and 1969 reported incidences of violent crime per 100,000 people in the United States nearly doubled and have yet to return to the levels of the early 1960s. Large riots broke out in many cities like Chicago, Detroit, Los Angeles, New York City, Newark, New Jersey, Oakland, California and Washington, D.C. By the end of the decade, politicians like George Wallace and Richard Nixon campaigned on restoring law and order to a nation troubled with the new unrest.   Economics The decade began with a recession and at that time unemployment was considered high at around 7%. John F. Kennedy promised to "get America moving again." To do this, he instituted a 7% tax credit for businesses that invest in new plants and equipment. By the end of the decade, median family income had risen from $8,540 in 1963 to $10,770 by 1969. Minimum wage was $1.30 per hour / ~$2,700 per year (~$18,700 in 2018)   Popular culture   The counterculture movement dominated the second half of the 1960s, its most famous moments being the Summer of Love in San Francisco in 1967, and the Woodstock Festival in upstate New York in 1969. Psychedelic drugs, especially LSD, were widely used medicinally, spiritually and recreationally throughout the late 1960s, and were popularized by Timothy Leary with his slogan "Turn on, tune in, drop out". Psychedelic influenced the music, artwork and films of the decade, and several prominent musicians died of drug overdoses. There was a growing interest in Eastern religions and philosophy, and many attempts were made to found communes, which varied from supporting free love to religious puritanism.   Music   British Invasion: The Beatles arrive at John F. Kennedy International Airport, 7 February 1964   "The 60's were a leap in human consciousness. Mahatma Gandhi, Malcolm X, Martin Luther King, Che Guevara, Mother Teresa, they led a revolution of conscience. The Beatles, The Doors, Jimi Hendrix created revolution and evolution themes. The music was like Dalí, with many colors and revolutionary ways. The youth of today must go there to find themselves." – Carlos Santana.     As the 1960s began, the major rock-and-roll stars of the '50s such as Chuck Berry and Little Richard had dropped off the charts and popular music in the US came to be dominated by Motown girl groups and novelty pop songs. Another important change in music during the early 1960s was the American folk music revival which introduced Joan Baez, Pete Seeger, The Kingston Trio, Harry Belafonte, Bob Dylan, Odetta, and many other Singer-songwriters to the public.   Girl groups and female singers, such as the Shirelles, Betty Everett, Little Eva, the Dixie Cups, the Ronettes, and the Supremes dominated the charts in the early 1960s. This style consisted typically of light pop themes about teenage romance, backed by vocal harmonies and a strong rhythm. Most girl groups were African-American, but white girl groups and singers, such as Lesley Gore, the Angels, and the Shangri-Las emerged by 1963.   Around the same time, record producer Phil Spector began producing girl groups and created a new kind of pop music production that came to be known as the Wall of Sound. This style emphasized higher budgets and more elaborate arrangements, and more melodramatic musical themes in place of a simple, light-hearted pop sound. Spector's innovations became integral to the growing sophistication of popular music from 1965 onward.   Also during the early '60s, the “car song” emerged as a rock subgenre and coupled with the surf rock subgenre. Such notable songs include "Little Deuce Coupe," "409," and "Shut Down," all by the Beach Boys; Jan and Dean's "Little Old Lady from Pasadena" and "Drag City," among many others.   While rock 'n' roll had 'disappeared' from the US charts in the early '60s, it never died out in Europe and Britain was a hotbed of rock-and-roll activity during this time. In late 1963, the Beatles embarked on their first US tour. A few months later, rock-and-roll founding father Chuck Berry emerged from a 2-1/2-year prison stint and resumed recording and touring. The stage was set for the spectacular revival of rock music.   In the UK, the Beatles played raucous rock 'n' roll – as well as doo wop, girl-group songs, show tunes. Beatlemania abruptly exploded after the group's appearance on the Ed Sullivan Show in 1964.   As the counterculture movement developed, artists began making new kinds of music influenced by the use of psychedelic drugs. Guitarist Jimi Hendrix emerged onto the scene in 1967 with a radically new approach to electric guitar that replaced Chuck Berry, previously seen as the gold standard of rock guitar. Rock artists began to take on serious themes and social commentary/protest instead of simplistic pop themes.   A major development in popular music during the mid-1960s was the movement away from singles and towards albums.   Blues also continued to develop strongly during the '60s, but after 1965, it increasingly shifted to the young white rock audience and away from its traditional black audience, which moved on to other styles such as soul and funk.   Jazz music during the first half of the '60s was largely a continuation of '50s styles, retaining its core audience of young, urban, college-educated whites. By 1967, the death of several important jazz figures such as John Coltrane and Nat King Cole precipitated a decline in the genre. The takeover of rock in the late '60s largely spelled the end of jazz as a mainstream form of music, after it had dominated much of the first half of the 20th century.   Significant events in music in the 1960s:   Sam Cooke was shot and killed at a motel in Los Angeles, California [11 December 1964] at age 33 under suspicious circumstances.   Motown Record Corporation was founded in 1960. Its first Top Ten hit was "Shop Around" by the Miracles in 1960. "Shop Around" peaked at number-two on the Billboard Hot 100 and was Motown's first million-selling record.   The Marvelettes scored Motown Record Corporation's first US No. 1 pop hit, "Please Mr. Postman" in 1961. Motown would score 110 Billboard Top-Ten hits during its run.   The Supremes scored twelve number-one hit singles between 1964 and 1969, beginning with "Where Did Our Love Go".   John Coltrane released A Love Supreme in late 1964, considered among the most acclaimed jazz albums of the era.   In 1966, The Supremes A' Go-Go was the first album by a female group to reach the top position of the Billboard magazine pop albums chart in the United States.   The Jimi Hendrix Experience released two successful albums during 1967, Are You Experienced and Axis: Bold as Love, that innovate both guitar, trio and recording techniques.   R & B legend Otis Redding has his first No. 1 hit with the legendary Sitting on the Dock of the Bay. He also played at the Monterey Pop Festival in 1967 just before he died in a plane crash.   The Bee Gees released their international debut album Bee Gees 1st in July 1967 which included the pop standard "To Love Somebody".   1968: after The Yardbirds fold, Led Zeppelin was formed by Jimmy Page and manager Peter Grant, with Robert Plant, John Bonham and John Paul Jones; and, released their debut album Led Zeppelin.   Big Brother and the Holding Company, with Janis Joplin as lead singer, became an overnight sensation after their performance at the Monterey Pop Festival in 1967 and released their second album Cheap Thrills in 1968.   Gram Parsons with The Byrds released the extremely influential LP Sweetheart of the Rodeo in late 1968, forming the basis for country rock.   The Jimi Hendrix Experience released the highly influential double LP Electric Ladyland in 1968 that furthered the guitar and studio innovations of his previous two albums.   Woodstock Festival, 1969   Sly & the Family Stone revolutionized black music with their massive 1968 hit single "Dance to the Music" and by 1969 became international sensations with the release of their hit record Stand!. The band cemented their position as a vital counterculture band when they performed at the Woodstock Festival.   Film Some of Hollywood's most notable blockbuster films of the 1960s include: 2001: A Space Odyssey, The Apartment, The Birds, I Am Curious (Yellow), Bonnie and Clyde, Breakfast at Tiffany's, Bullitt, Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid, Carnival of Souls, Cleopatra, Cool , and Luke, The Dirty Dozen, Doctor Zhivago, Dr. Strangelove, Easy Rider, Exodus, Faces, Funny Girl, Goldfinger, The Graduate, Guess Who's Coming to Dinner, , Head, How the West Was Won, The , Hustler, Ice Station Zebra, In the Heat of the Night, The Italian Job, It's a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World, Jason and the Argonauts, Judgment at Nuremberg, The Jungle Book, Lawrence of Arabia, The Lion in Winter, The Longest Day, The Love Bug, A Man for All Seasons, The Manchurian Candidate, Mary Poppins, Medium Cool, Midnight Cowboy, My Fair Lady, Night of the Living Dead, The Pink Panther, The Odd Couple, Oliver!, One Hundred and One Dalmatians, One Million Years B.C., Planet of the Apes, Psycho, Romeo and Juliet, Rosemary's Baby, The Sound of Music, Spartacus, Swiss Family Robinson, To Kill a Mockingbird, Valley of the Dolls, West Side Story, Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?, The Wild Bunch.   Television   The most prominent American TV series of the 1960s include: The Ed Sullivan Show, Star Trek, Peyton Place, The Twilight Zone, The Outer Limits, The Andy Williams Show, The Dean Martin Show, The Wonderful World of Disney, Alfred Hitchcock Presents, The Beverly Hillbillies, Bonanza, Batman, McHale's Navy, Laugh-In, The Dick Van Dyke Show, The Fugitive, The Tonight Show, Gunsmoke, The Andy Griffith Show, Gilligan's Island, Mission: Impossible, The Flintstones, The Adventures of Ozzie and Harriet, Lassie, The Danny Thomas Show, The Lucy Show, My Three Sons, The Red Skelton Show, Bewitched and I Dream of Jeannie.   The Flintstones was a favored show, receiving 40 million views an episode with an average of 3 views a day.   Some programming such as The Smothers Brothers Comedy Hour became controversial by challenging the foundations of America's corporate and governmental controls; making fun of world leaders, and questioning U.S. involvement in and escalation of the Vietnam War.   Fashion   Significant fashion trends of the 1960s include:     The Beatles exerted an enormous influence on young men's fashions and hairstyles in the 1960s which included most notably the mop-top haircut, the Beatle boots and the Nehru jacket.   The hippie movement late in the decade also had a strong influence on clothing styles, including bell-bottom jeans, tie-dye and batik fabrics, as well as paisley prints.   The bikini came into fashion in 1963 after being featured in the film Beach Party.   Mary Quant invented the miniskirt, which became one of the most popular fashion rages in the late 1960s among young women and teenage girls. Its popularity continued throughout the first half of the 1970s and then disappeared temporarily from mainstream fashion before making a comeback in the mid-1980s.   Men's mainstream hairstyles ranged from the pompadour, the crew cut, the flattop hairstyle, the tapered hairstyle, and short, parted hair in the early part of the decade, to longer parted hairstyles with sideburns towards the latter half of the decade.   Women's mainstream hairstyles ranged from beehive hairdos, the bird's nest hairstyle, and the chignon hairstyle in the early part of the decade, to very short styles popularized by Twiggy and Mia Farrow in Rosemary's Baby towards the latter half of the decade.   African-American hairstyles for men and women included the afro.       James Brown "Papa's Got A Brand New Bag" (1965) "I Got You (I Feel Good)" (1965) "Say It Loud--I'm Black and I'm Proud" (1968)     Ray Charles "Georgia On My Mind' (1960) "Hit the Road Jack" (1961) "I Can't Stop Loving You" (1962)     Marvin Gaye "Ain't That Peculiar?" (1965) "I Heard It Through the Grapevine" (1968) "Too Busy Thinking About My Baby" (1969)     The Temptations "My Girl" (1965) "Ain't Too to Beg" (1966) "I Can't Get Next to You" (1969)     Bobby "Blue" Bland "I Pity the Fool" (1961) "Turn On Your Lovelight" (1961) "Ain't Nothing You Can Do" (1964)     Aretha Franklin "I Never Loved a Man (The Way I Love You)" (1967) "Respect" (1967) "Chain of Fools" (1967-68)     The Supremes "Where Did Our Love Go?" (1964) "Stop! In the Name of Love" (1965) "Love Child" (1968)     Smokey Robinson & The Miracles "Shop Around" (1960-61) "You've Really Got a Hold On Me" (1962-63) "The Tracks of My Tears" (1965)     The Impressions "Gypsy Woman" (1961) "It's All Right" (1963) "People Get Ready" (1965)     Brook Benton "Kiddio" (1960) "Think Twice" (1961) "Hotel Happiness" (1962-63)     Jackie Wilson "Doggin' Around" (1960) "Baby Workout" (1963) "(Your Love Keeps Lifting Me) Higher and Higher" (1967)     Sam Cooke "Wonderful World" (1960) "Bring It On Home To Me" (1962) "A Change is Gonna Come" (1965)     Otis Redding "These Arms of Mine" (1963) "Try a Little Tenderness" (1966-67) "(Sittin' On) The Dock of the Bay" (1968)     Jerry Butler "He Will Break Your Heart" (1960) "Never Give You Up" (1968) "Only the Strong Survive" (1969)     Wilson Pickett "In the Midnight Hour" (1965) "Land of 1000 Dances" (1966) "Funky Broadway" (1967)     Stevie Wonder "Fingertips, Part 2" (1963) "Uptight (Everything's Alright)" (1965-66) "I Was Made to Love Her" (1967)     B.B. King "Beautician Blues" (1964) "Waiting on You" (1966) "Paying the Cost To Be the Boss" (1968)     Joe Tex "Hold What You've Got" (1964-65) "A Sweet Woman Like You" (1965-66) "Skinny Legs and All" (1967)     The Marvelettes "Please Mr. Postman" (1961) "Beechwood 4-5789" (1962) "Too Many Fish in the Sea" (1965)     Mary Wells "Bye Bye Baby" (1960-61) "The One Who Really Loves You" (1962) "My Guy" (1964)     The Four Tops "Baby, I Need Your Loving" (1964) "I Can't Help Myself (A/K/A Sugar Pie, Honey Bunch)" (1965) "Reach Out, I'll Be There" (1966)     Martha & The Vandellas "Heat Wave" (1963) "Dancing in the Street" (1964) "Nowhere to Run" (1965)     Dionne Warwick "Don't Make Me Over" (1962-63) "Anyone Who Had a Heart" (1963-64) "Walk On By" (1964)     Solomon Burke "Just Out of Reach (Of My Two Open Arms)" (1961) "Everybody Needs Somebody To Love" (1964) "Got To Get You Off My Mind" (1965)     Etta James "At Last" (1960-61) "Tell Mama" (1967-68) "I'd Rather Go Blind" (1967-68)     The Shirelles "Will You Love Me Tomorrow? (1960-61) "Dedicated to the One I Love" (1961) "Baby It's You" (1961-62)     Chuck Jackson "I Don't Want to Cry" (1961) "Any Day Now (My Wild Beautiful Bird)" (1962) "Beg Me" (1964)     Gene Chandler "Duke of Earl" (1962) "Rainbow" (1963) "I Fooled You This Time" (1966)     The Drifters "This Magic Moment" (1960) "Save the Last Dance for Me" (1960) "Up on the Roof" (1962-63)     Jr. Walker & The All-Stars "Shotgun" (1965) "(I'm A) Road Runner" (1966) "Home Cookin'" (1968-69)     Gladys Knight & The Pips "Every Beat of My Heart" (1961) "I Heard it Through the Grapevine" (1967) "Friendship Train" (1969)     Carla Thomas "Gee Whiz (Look at His Eyes)" (1961) "B-A-B-Y" (1966) "Another Night Without My Man" (1966)     Chubby Checker "The Twist" (1960) "Pony Time" (1961) "Dancin' Party" (1962)     Sam & Dave "Hold On! I'm A Comin'" (1966) "When Something is Wrong With My Baby" (1967) "Soul Man" (1967)     Joe Simon "My Adorable One" (1964) "Nine Pound Steel" (1967) "The Chokin' Kind" (1969)     The Dells "There Is" (1967-68) "Stay in My Corner" (1968) "Oh, What a Night" (1969)     Little Milton "So Mean To Me" (1962) "We're Gonna Make It" (1965) "Grits Ain't Groceries" (1969)     Ben E. King "Spanish Harlem" (1960-61) "Stand By Me" (1961) "That's When it Hurts" (1964)     Betty Everett "You're No Good" (1963) "The Shoop Shoop Song (It's in His Kiss)" (1964) "There'll Come a Time" (1969)     Hank Ballard & The Midnighters "Let's Go, Let's Go, Let's Go" (1960) "Finger Poppin' Time" (1960) "Nothing But Good" (1961)     Major Lance "The Monkey Time" (1963) "Um, Um, Um, Um, Um, Um" (1964) "Investigate" (1966)     Booker T. & The MGs "Green Onions" (1962) "Hip-Hug-Her" (1967) "Time is Tight" (1969)     The Intruders "Together" (1967) "Cowboys to Girls" (1968) "(Love is Like a) Baseball Game" (1968)     Ike & Tina Turner "A Fool in Love" (1960) "Goodbye, So Long" (1965) "River Deep--Mountain High" (1966)     Johnnie Taylor "I Got to Love Somebody's Baby" (1966) "Who's Making Love" (1968) "I Could Never Be President" (1969)     The Orlons "The Wah Watusi" (1962) "Don't Hang Up" (1962) "South Street" (1963)     Barbara Lewis "Hello Stranger" (1963) "Baby, I'm Yours" (1965) "Make Me Your Baby" (1965)     Maxine Brown "All in My Mind" (1960-61) "Oh No, Not My Baby" (1964) "One in a Million" (1966)     Garnet Mimms & The Enchanters "Cry Baby" (1963) "Tell Me Baby" (1964) "I'll Take Good Care of You" (1966)     Ramsey Lewis "The In Crowd" (1965) "Hang On Sloopy" (1965) "Wade in the Water" (1966)  

A detailed look at black, African-American, culture during the "Sixties". (1960-1969) (Bonus Artists: hidingtobefound & Luck Pacheco)   Overview   "The Sixties":  the counterculture and revolution in social norms about clothing, music, drugs, dress, sexuality, formalities, and schooling – or - irresponsible excess, flamboyance, and decay of social order.   Also labeled the Swinging Sixties because of the fall or relaxation of social taboos especially relating to racism and sexism that occurred during this time.   Also described as a classical Jungian nightmare cycle, where a rigid culture, unable to contain the demands for greater individual freedom, broke free of the social constraints of the previous age through extreme deviation from the norm.   The confrontation between the US and the Soviet Union dominated geopolitics during the '60s, with the struggle expanding into developing nations in Latin America, Africa, and Asia characterized by proxy wars, funding of insurgencies, and puppet governments.   In response to civil disobedience campaigns from groups like the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), U.S. President John F. Kennedy, pushed for social reforms. Kennedy's assassination in 1963 was a shock.   Liberal reforms were finally passed under Lyndon B. Johnson including civil rights for African Americans· and healthcare for the elderly and the poor. Despite his large-scale Great Society programs, Johnson was increasingly reviled. The heavy-handed American role in the Vietnam War outraged student protestors around the globe.   The assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr., anti-Vietnam War movement, and the police response towards protesters of the 1968 Democratic National Convention, defined a politics of violence in the United States.   The 1960s were marked by several notable assassinations:   12 June 1963 – Medgar Evers, an NAACP field secretary. Assassinated by Byron de la Beckwith, a member of the Ku Klux Klan in Jackson, Mississippi.   22 November 1963 – John F. Kennedy, President of the United States. Assassinated by Lee Harvey Oswald while riding in a motorcade through Dealey Plaza in Dallas, Texas.   21 February 1965 – Malcolm X. Assassinated by members of the Nation of Islam in New York City. There is a dispute about which members killed Malcolm X.   4 April 1968 – Martin Luther King, Jr., civil rights leader. Assassinated by James Earl Ray in Memphis, Tennessee.   5 June 1968 – Robert F. Kennedy, United States Senator. Assassinated by Sirhan Sirhan in Los Angeles, after taking California in the presidential national primaries.   Social and political movements (counterculture)   Flower Power/Hippies In the second half of the decade, young people began to revolt against the conservative norms of the time. The youth involved in the popular social aspects of the movement became known as hippies. These groups created a movement toward liberation in society, including the sexual revolution, questioning authority and government, and demanding more freedoms and rights for women and minorities. The movement was also marked by the first widespread, socially accepted drug use (including LSD and marijuana) and psychedelic music.     Anti-war movement The war in Vietnam would eventually lead to a commitment of over half a million American troops, resulting in over 58,500 American deaths and producing a large-scale antiwar movement in the United States. Students became a powerful and disruptive force and university campuses sparked a national debate over the war. The antiwar movement was heavily influenced by the American Communist Party, but by the mid-1960s it outgrew this and became a broad-based mass movement centered in universities and churches: one kind of protest was called a "sit-in".   Civil rights movement Beginning in the mid-1950s and continuing into the late 1960s, African-Americans in the United States aimed at outlawing racial discrimination against black Americans and voting rights to them. The emergence of the Black Power movement, which lasted roughly from 1966 to 1975, enlarged the aims of the civil rights movement to include racial dignity, economic and political self-sufficiency, and anti-imperialism. The movement was characterized by major campaigns of civil resistance. Forms of protest and/or civil disobedience included boycotts such as the successful Montgomery Bus Boycott (1955–1956) in Alabama; "sit-ins" such as the influential Greensboro sit-ins (1960) in North Carolina; marches, such as the Selma to Montgomery marches (1965) in Alabama.; and a wide range of other nonviolent activities. Noted legislative achievements during this phase of the civil rights movement were passage of Civil Rights Act of 1964, that banned discrimination based on "race, color, religion, or national origin" in employment practices and public accommodations; the Voting Rights Act of 1965, that restored and protected voting rights; the Immigration and Nationality Services Act of 1965, that dramatically opened entry to the U.S. to immigrants other than traditional European groups; and the Fair Housing Act of 1968, that banned discrimination in the sale or rental of housing.   Hispanic and Chicano movement Another large ethnic minority group, the Mexican-Americans, are among other Hispanics in the U.S. who fought to end racial discrimination and socioeconomic disparity. In the 1960s and the following 1970s, Hispanic-American culture was on the rebound like ethnic music, foods, culture and identity both became popular and assimilated into the American mainstream. Spanish-language television networks, radio stations and newspapers increased in presence across the country.   Second-wave feminism A second wave of feminism in the United States and around the world gained momentum in the early 1960s. While the first wave of the early 20th century was centered on gaining suffrage and overturning de jure inequalities, the second wave was focused on changing cultural and social norms and de facto inequalities associated with women. At the time, a woman's place was generally seen as being in the home, and they were excluded from many jobs and professions. Feminists took to the streets, marching and protesting, writing books and debating to change social and political views that limited women. In 1963, with Betty Friedan's revolutionary book, The Feminine Mystique, the role of women in society, and in public and private life was questioned. By 1966, the movement was beginning to grow and power as women's group spread across the country and Friedan, along with other feminists, founded the National Organization for Women. In 1968, "Women's Liberation" became a household term.   Gay rights movement The United States, in the middle of a social revolution, led the world in LGBT rights in the late 1960s and early 1970s. Inspired by the civil-rights movement and the women's movement, early gay-rights pioneers had begun, by the 1960s, to build a movement. These groups were rather conservative in their practices, emphasizing that gay men and women are no different from those who are straight and deserve full equality. This philosophy would be dominant again after AIDS, but by the very end of the 1960s, the movement's goals would change and become more radical, demanding a right to be different, and encouraging gay pride.   Crime The 1960s was also associated with a large increase in crime and urban unrest of all types. Between 1960 and 1969 reported incidences of violent crime per 100,000 people in the United States nearly doubled and have yet to return to the levels of the early 1960s. Large riots broke out in many cities like Chicago, Detroit, Los Angeles, New York City, Newark, New Jersey, Oakland, California and Washington, D.C. By the end of the decade, politicians like George Wallace and Richard Nixon campaigned on restoring law and order to a nation troubled with the new unrest.   Economics The decade began with a recession and at that time unemployment was considered high at around 7%. John F. Kennedy promised to "get America moving again." To do this, he instituted a 7% tax credit for businesses that invest in new plants and equipment. By the end of the decade, median family income had risen from $8,540 in 1963 to $10,770 by 1969. Minimum wage was $1.30 per hour / ~$2,700 per year (~$18,700 in 2018)   Popular culture   The counterculture movement dominated the second half of the 1960s, its most famous moments being the Summer of Love in San Francisco in 1967, and the Woodstock Festival in upstate New York in 1969. Psychedelic drugs, especially LSD, were widely used medicinally, spiritually and recreationally throughout the late 1960s, and were popularized by Timothy Leary with his slogan "Turn on, tune in, drop out". Psychedelic influenced the music, artwork and films of the decade, and several prominent musicians died of drug overdoses. There was a growing interest in Eastern religions and philosophy, and many attempts were made to found communes, which varied from supporting free love to religious puritanism.   Music   British Invasion: The Beatles arrive at John F. Kennedy International Airport, 7 February 1964   "The 60's were a leap in human consciousness. Mahatma Gandhi, Malcolm X, Martin Luther King, Che Guevara, Mother Teresa, they led a revolution of conscience. The Beatles, The Doors, Jimi Hendrix created revolution and evolution themes. The music was like Dalí, with many colors and revolutionary ways. The youth of today must go there to find themselves." – Carlos Santana.     As the 1960s began, the major rock-and-roll stars of the '50s such as Chuck Berry and Little Richard had dropped off the charts and popular music in the US came to be dominated by Motown girl groups and novelty pop songs. Another important change in music during the early 1960s was the American folk music revival which introduced Joan Baez, Pete Seeger, The Kingston Trio, Harry Belafonte, Bob Dylan, Odetta, and many other Singer-songwriters to the public.   Girl groups and female singers, such as the Shirelles, Betty Everett, Little Eva, the Dixie Cups, the Ronettes, and the Supremes dominated the charts in the early 1960s. This style consisted typically of light pop themes about teenage romance, backed by vocal harmonies and a strong rhythm. Most girl groups were African-American, but white girl groups and singers, such as Lesley Gore, the Angels, and the Shangri-Las emerged by 1963.   Around the same time, record producer Phil Spector began producing girl groups and created a new kind of pop music production that came to be known as the Wall of Sound. This style emphasized higher budgets and more elaborate arrangements, and more melodramatic musical themes in place of a simple, light-hearted pop sound. Spector's innovations became integral to the growing sophistication of popular music from 1965 onward.   Also during the early '60s, the “car song” emerged as a rock subgenre and coupled with the surf rock subgenre. Such notable songs include "Little Deuce Coupe," "409," and "Shut Down," all by the Beach Boys; Jan and Dean's "Little Old Lady from Pasadena" and "Drag City," among many others.   While rock 'n' roll had 'disappeared' from the US charts in the early '60s, it never died out in Europe and Britain was a hotbed of rock-and-roll activity during this time. In late 1963, the Beatles embarked on their first US tour. A few months later, rock-and-roll founding father Chuck Berry emerged from a 2-1/2-year prison stint and resumed recording and touring. The stage was set for the spectacular revival of rock music.   In the UK, the Beatles played raucous rock 'n' roll – as well as doo wop, girl-group songs, show tunes. Beatlemania abruptly exploded after the group's appearance on the Ed Sullivan Show in 1964.   As the counterculture movement developed, artists began making new kinds of music influenced by the use of psychedelic drugs. Guitarist Jimi Hendrix emerged onto the scene in 1967 with a radically new approach to electric guitar that replaced Chuck Berry, previously seen as the gold standard of rock guitar. Rock artists began to take on serious themes and social commentary/protest instead of simplistic pop themes.   A major development in popular music during the mid-1960s was the movement away from singles and towards albums.   Blues also continued to develop strongly during the '60s, but after 1965, it increasingly shifted to the young white rock audience and away from its traditional black audience, which moved on to other styles such as soul and funk.   Jazz music during the first half of the '60s was largely a continuation of '50s styles, retaining its core audience of young, urban, college-educated whites. By 1967, the death of several important jazz figures such as John Coltrane and Nat King Cole precipitated a decline in the genre. The takeover of rock in the late '60s largely spelled the end of jazz as a mainstream form of music, after it had dominated much of the first half of the 20th century.   Significant events in music in the 1960s:   Sam Cooke was shot and killed at a motel in Los Angeles, California [11 December 1964] at age 33 under suspicious circumstances.   Motown Record Corporation was founded in 1960. Its first Top Ten hit was "Shop Around" by the Miracles in 1960. "Shop Around" peaked at number-two on the Billboard Hot 100 and was Motown's first million-selling record.   The Marvelettes scored Motown Record Corporation's first US No. 1 pop hit, "Please Mr. Postman" in 1961. Motown would score 110 Billboard Top-Ten hits during its run.   The Supremes scored twelve number-one hit singles between 1964 and 1969, beginning with "Where Did Our Love Go".   John Coltrane released A Love Supreme in late 1964, considered among the most acclaimed jazz albums of the era.   In 1966, The Supremes A' Go-Go was the first album by a female group to reach the top position of the Billboard magazine pop albums chart in the United States.   The Jimi Hendrix Experience released two successful albums during 1967, Are You Experienced and Axis: Bold as Love, that innovate both guitar, trio and recording techniques.   R & B legend Otis Redding has his first No. 1 hit with the legendary Sitting on the Dock of the Bay. He also played at the Monterey Pop Festival in 1967 just before he died in a plane crash.   The Bee Gees released their international debut album Bee Gees 1st in July 1967 which included the pop standard "To Love Somebody".   1968: after The Yardbirds fold, Led Zeppelin was formed by Jimmy Page and manager Peter Grant, with Robert Plant, John Bonham and John Paul Jones; and, released their debut album Led Zeppelin.   Big Brother and the Holding Company, with Janis Joplin as lead singer, became an overnight sensation after their performance at the Monterey Pop Festival in 1967 and released their second album Cheap Thrills in 1968.   Gram Parsons with The Byrds released the extremely influential LP Sweetheart of the Rodeo in late 1968, forming the basis for country rock.   The Jimi Hendrix Experience released the highly influential double LP Electric Ladyland in 1968 that furthered the guitar and studio innovations of his previous two albums.   Woodstock Festival, 1969   Sly & the Family Stone revolutionized black music with their massive 1968 hit single "Dance to the Music" and by 1969 became international sensations with the release of their hit record Stand!. The band cemented their position as a vital counterculture band when they performed at the Woodstock Festival.   Film Some of Hollywood's most notable blockbuster films of the 1960s include: 2001: A Space Odyssey, The Apartment, The Birds, I Am Curious (Yellow), Bonnie and Clyde, Breakfast at Tiffany's, Bullitt, Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid, Carnival of Souls, Cleopatra, Cool , and Luke, The Dirty Dozen, Doctor Zhivago, Dr. Strangelove, Easy Rider, Exodus, Faces, Funny Girl, Goldfinger, The Graduate, Guess Who's Coming to Dinner, , Head, How the West Was Won, The , Hustler, Ice Station Zebra, In the Heat of the Night, The Italian Job, It's a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World, Jason and the Argonauts, Judgment at Nuremberg, The Jungle Book, Lawrence of Arabia, The Lion in Winter, The Longest Day, The Love Bug, A Man for All Seasons, The Manchurian Candidate, Mary Poppins, Medium Cool, Midnight Cowboy, My Fair Lady, Night of the Living Dead, The Pink Panther, The Odd Couple, Oliver!, One Hundred and One Dalmatians, One Million Years B.C., Planet of the Apes, Psycho, Romeo and Juliet, Rosemary's Baby, The Sound of Music, Spartacus, Swiss Family Robinson, To Kill a Mockingbird, Valley of the Dolls, West Side Story, Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?, The Wild Bunch.   Television   The most prominent American TV series of the 1960s include: The Ed Sullivan Show, Star Trek, Peyton Place, The Twilight Zone, The Outer Limits, The Andy Williams Show, The Dean Martin Show, The Wonderful World of Disney, Alfred Hitchcock Presents, The Beverly Hillbillies, Bonanza, Batman, McHale's Navy, Laugh-In, The Dick Van Dyke Show, The Fugitive, The Tonight Show, Gunsmoke, The Andy Griffith Show, Gilligan's Island, Mission: Impossible, The Flintstones, The Adventures of Ozzie and Harriet, Lassie, The Danny Thomas Show, The Lucy Show, My Three Sons, The Red Skelton Show, Bewitched and I Dream of Jeannie.   The Flintstones was a favored show, receiving 40 million views an episode with an average of 3 views a day.   Some programming such as The Smothers Brothers Comedy Hour became controversial by challenging the foundations of America's corporate and governmental controls; making fun of world leaders, and questioning U.S. involvement in and escalation of the Vietnam War.   Fashion   Significant fashion trends of the 1960s include:     The Beatles exerted an enormous influence on young men's fashions and hairstyles in the 1960s which included most notably the mop-top haircut, the Beatle boots and the Nehru jacket.   The hippie movement late in the decade also had a strong influence on clothing styles, including bell-bottom jeans, tie-dye and batik fabrics, as well as paisley prints.   The bikini came into fashion in 1963 after being featured in the film Beach Party.   Mary Quant invented the miniskirt, which became one of the most popular fashion rages in the late 1960s among young women and teenage girls. Its popularity continued throughout the first half of the 1970s and then disappeared temporarily from mainstream fashion before making a comeback in the mid-1980s.   Men's mainstream hairstyles ranged from the pompadour, the crew cut, the flattop hairstyle, the tapered hairstyle, and short, parted hair in the early part of the decade, to longer parted hairstyles with sideburns towards the latter half of the decade.   Women's mainstream hairstyles ranged from beehive hairdos, the bird's nest hairstyle, and the chignon hairstyle in the early part of the decade, to very short styles popularized by Twiggy and Mia Farrow in Rosemary's Baby towards the latter half of the decade.   African-American hairstyles for men and women included the afro.       James Brown "Papa's Got A Brand New Bag" (1965) "I Got You (I Feel Good)" (1965) "Say It Loud--I'm Black and I'm Proud" (1968)     Ray Charles "Georgia On My Mind' (1960) "Hit the Road Jack" (1961) "I Can't Stop Loving You" (1962)     Marvin Gaye "Ain't That Peculiar?" (1965) "I Heard It Through the Grapevine" (1968) "Too Busy Thinking About My Baby" (1969)     The Temptations "My Girl" (1965) "Ain't Too to Beg" (1966) "I Can't Get Next to You" (1969)     Bobby "Blue" Bland "I Pity the Fool" (1961) "Turn On Your Lovelight" (1961) "Ain't Nothing You Can Do" (1964)     Aretha Franklin "I Never Loved a Man (The Way I Love You)" (1967) "Respect" (1967) "Chain of Fools" (1967-68)     The Supremes "Where Did Our Love Go?" (1964) "Stop! In the Name of Love" (1965) "Love Child" (1968)     Smokey Robinson & The Miracles "Shop Around" (1960-61) "You've Really Got a Hold On Me" (1962-63) "The Tracks of My Tears" (1965)     The Impressions "Gypsy Woman" (1961) "It's All Right" (1963) "People Get Ready" (1965)     Brook Benton "Kiddio" (1960) "Think Twice" (1961) "Hotel Happiness" (1962-63)     Jackie Wilson "Doggin' Around" (1960) "Baby Workout" (1963) "(Your Love Keeps Lifting Me) Higher and Higher" (1967)     Sam Cooke "Wonderful World" (1960) "Bring It On Home To Me" (1962) "A Change is Gonna Come" (1965)     Otis Redding "These Arms of Mine" (1963) "Try a Little Tenderness" (1966-67) "(Sittin' On) The Dock of the Bay" (1968)     Jerry Butler "He Will Break Your Heart" (1960) "Never Give You Up" (1968) "Only the Strong Survive" (1969)     Wilson Pickett "In the Midnight Hour" (1965) "Land of 1000 Dances" (1966) "Funky Broadway" (1967)     Stevie Wonder "Fingertips, Part 2" (1963) "Uptight (Everything's Alright)" (1965-66) "I Was Made to Love Her" (1967)     B.B. King "Beautician Blues" (1964) "Waiting on You" (1966) "Paying the Cost To Be the Boss" (1968)     Joe Tex "Hold What You've Got" (1964-65) "A Sweet Woman Like You" (1965-66) "Skinny Legs and All" (1967)     The Marvelettes "Please Mr. Postman" (1961) "Beechwood 4-5789" (1962) "Too Many Fish in the Sea" (1965)     Mary Wells "Bye Bye Baby" (1960-61) "The One Who Really Loves You" (1962) "My Guy" (1964)     The Four Tops "Baby, I Need Your Loving" (1964) "I Can't Help Myself (A/K/A Sugar Pie, Honey Bunch)" (1965) "Reach Out, I'll Be There" (1966)     Martha & The Vandellas "Heat Wave" (1963) "Dancing in the Street" (1964) "Nowhere to Run" (1965)     Dionne Warwick "Don't Make Me Over" (1962-63) "Anyone Who Had a Heart" (1963-64) "Walk On By" (1964)     Solomon Burke "Just Out of Reach (Of My Two Open Arms)" (1961) "Everybody Needs Somebody To Love" (1964) "Got To Get You Off My Mind" (1965)     Etta James "At Last" (1960-61) "Tell Mama" (1967-68) "I'd Rather Go Blind" (1967-68)     The Shirelles "Will You Love Me Tomorrow? (1960-61) "Dedicated to the One I Love" (1961) "Baby It's You" (1961-62)     Chuck Jackson "I Don't Want to Cry" (1961) "Any Day Now (My Wild Beautiful Bird)" (1962) "Beg Me" (1964)     Gene Chandler "Duke of Earl" (1962) "Rainbow" (1963) "I Fooled You This Time" (1966)     The Drifters "This Magic Moment" (1960) "Save the Last Dance for Me" (1960) "Up on the Roof" (1962-63)     Jr. Walker & The All-Stars "Shotgun" (1965) "(I'm A) Road Runner" (1966) "Home Cookin'" (1968-69)     Gladys Knight & The Pips "Every Beat of My Heart" (1961) "I Heard it Through the Grapevine" (1967) "Friendship Train" (1969)     Carla Thomas "Gee Whiz (Look at His Eyes)" (1961) "B-A-B-Y" (1966) "Another Night Without My Man" (1966)     Chubby Checker "The Twist" (1960) "Pony Time" (1961) "Dancin' Party" (1962)     Sam & Dave "Hold On! I'm A Comin'" (1966) "When Something is Wrong With My Baby" (1967) "Soul Man" (1967)     Joe Simon "My Adorable One" (1964) "Nine Pound Steel" (1967) "The Chokin' Kind" (1969)     The Dells "There Is" (1967-68) "Stay in My Corner" (1968) "Oh, What a Night" (1969)     Little Milton "So Mean To Me" (1962) "We're Gonna Make It" (1965) "Grits Ain't Groceries" (1969)     Ben E. King "Spanish Harlem" (1960-61) "Stand By Me" (1961) "That's When it Hurts" (1964)     Betty Everett "You're No Good" (1963) "The Shoop Shoop Song (It's in His Kiss)" (1964) "There'll Come a Time" (1969)     Hank Ballard & The Midnighters "Let's Go, Let's Go, Let's Go" (1960) "Finger Poppin' Time" (1960) "Nothing But Good" (1961)     Major Lance "The Monkey Time" (1963) "Um, Um, Um, Um, Um, Um" (1964) "Investigate" (1966)     Booker T. & The MGs "Green Onions" (1962) "Hip-Hug-Her" (1967) "Time is Tight" (1969)     The Intruders "Together" (1967) "Cowboys to Girls" (1968) "(Love is Like a) Baseball Game" (1968)     Ike & Tina Turner "A Fool in Love" (1960) "Goodbye, So Long" (1965) "River Deep--Mountain High" (1966)     Johnnie Taylor "I Got to Love Somebody's Baby" (1966) "Who's Making Love" (1968) "I Could Never Be President" (1969)     The Orlons "The Wah Watusi" (1962) "Don't Hang Up" (1962) "South Street" (1963)     Barbara Lewis "Hello Stranger" (1963) "Baby, I'm Yours" (1965) "Make Me Your Baby" (1965)     Maxine Brown "All in My Mind" (1960-61) "Oh No, Not My Baby" (1964) "One in a Million" (1966)     Garnet Mimms & The Enchanters "Cry Baby" (1963) "Tell Me Baby" (1964) "I'll Take Good Care of You" (1966)     Ramsey Lewis "The In Crowd" (1965) "Hang On Sloopy" (1965) "Wade in the Water" (1966)  

“The Feminine Mystique” – February 19, 1963 Background Before the early 1960s, women’s purpose was to take care of their families at home and have children. Many women did follow this way of life, whether it meant cooking homemade meals for their husbands while they were at work or cleaning the house. Although they could attend school, it was harder for girls than boys if they wished to be successful in a high paying job after they finished school. Even if they did get a job, women earned far less wages than men. The more time went on, the more women accepted their role as being the housewife at home. However, nearing the early 1960s, many women became active in fighting for equal rights. Women had to gain support before any hope of being listened to, since they did not have high political power. To accomplish this, many women advocated their views on the unjust rights between men and women through articles. Some of these journalists advocated for their rights in newspapers, such as Gloria Steinem, who wrote for the New York Magazine and created her own publication called Ms. Magazine. Another writer, Betty Friedan, published The Feminine Mystique, which could be considered one of the works of literature that sparked the second effort for the women’s rights movement. Feminine Mystique: The Feminine Mystique, written by Betty Friedan, outlines the problem of the traditional roles that women had become accustomed to for the past fifty years. Women had to live up to standards of the “ideal” American women, which put pressure on many young girls to become that ideal women. She spoke to different women about their experiences in order to understand how those women felt about being a housewife. One of them explained that “all she wanted...was what every other American girl wanted--to get married, have four children, and live in a nice house in a nice suburb.” This idea was considered “the dream image of the young American women and the envy, it was said, of women all over the world.” Friedan advocated for other issues as well, such as the lack of birth control options and political involvement allowed by women. In response, she created the National Organization for Women (NOW), which was designed to gain supporters to obtain equal rights for women. Legacy: Writers such as Friedan and Steinem are credited with starting the second women’s rights movement, whose legacy is acknowledged by women still fighting for equal rights today. Although women are mostly legally considered “equal,” many are still denied of a variety opportunities that men are granted, such as equal pay. Since the 1960s, the amount of progress made by women is substantial, shown through the recent presidential election, where America almost saw its first women president. The women who publicized their views about unequal opportunities paved the way for the women’s rights movement and initiated a long-lasting fight that is still going on today.

In the first half hour Patricia will be joined by Debra Schildhouse, author of BIO-TOUCH: Healing With The Power In Our Fingertips. She will give listeners a first-hand account of this exciting healing practice, which is supported by scientific research and shown effective in treating a wide range of medical conditions from arthritis to cerebral palsy, ulcers, lupus and even strokes. In the second half hour Patricia will interview Alida Brill, author of Dear Princess Grace, Dear Betty: The Memoir of A Romantic Feminist. She will discuss her most recent memoir, how she came to understand feminism through Grace Kelly, Betty Friedan, and chronic illness, how her friendship with Friedan revealed a 'Betty' that few people know, why some new mothers are returning to The Feminine Mystique, and what she's learned so far and wishes to share with both men and women about feminist love.

In the first half hour Patricia will be joined by Debra Schildhouse, author of BIO-TOUCH: Healing With The Power In Our Fingertips. She will give listeners a first-hand account of this exciting healing practice, which is supported by scientific research and shown effective in treating a wide range of medical conditions from arthritis to cerebral palsy, ulcers, lupus and even strokes. In the second half hour Patricia will interview Alida Brill, author of Dear Princess Grace, Dear Betty: The Memoir of A Romantic Feminist. She will discuss her most recent memoir, how she came to understand feminism through Grace Kelly, Betty Friedan, and chronic illness, how her friendship with Friedan revealed a 'Betty' that few people know, why some new mothers are returning to The Feminine Mystique, and what she's learned so far and wishes to share with both men and women about feminist love.

In the first half hour Patricia will be joined by Debra Schildhouse, author of BIO-TOUCH: Healing With The Power In Our Fingertips. She will give listeners a first-hand account of this exciting healing practice, which is supported by scientific research and shown effective in treating a wide range of medical conditions from arthritis to cerebral palsy, ulcers, lupus and even strokes. In the second half hour Patricia will interview Alida Brill, author of Dear Princess Grace, Dear Betty: The Memoir of A Romantic Feminist. She will discuss her most recent memoir, how she came to understand feminism through Grace Kelly, Betty Friedan, and chronic illness, how her friendship with Friedan revealed a 'Betty' that few people know, why some new mothers are returning to The Feminine Mystique, and what she's learned so far and wishes to share with both men and women about feminist love.

In the first half hour Patricia will be joined by Debra Schildhouse, author of BIO-TOUCH: Healing With The Power In Our Fingertips. She will give listeners a first-hand account of this exciting healing practice, which is supported by scientific research and shown effective in treating a wide range of medical conditions from arthritis to cerebral palsy, ulcers, lupus and even strokes. In the second half hour Patricia will interview Alida Brill, author of Dear Princess Grace, Dear Betty: The Memoir of A Romantic Feminist. She will discuss her most recent memoir, how she came to understand feminism through Grace Kelly, Betty Friedan, and chronic illness, how her friendship with Friedan revealed a 'Betty' that few people know, why some new mothers are returning to The Feminine Mystique, and what she's learned so far and wishes to share with both men and women about feminist love.

Stephanie Coontz is an award-winning social historian, the director of Research and Public Education at the Council for Contemporary Families and teaches history and family studies at The Evergreen College in Olympia, Washington. In A Strange Stirring: The Feminine Mystique and American Women at the Dawn of the 1960s (Basic Books, 2014), Coontz reveals why so many women in the early 1960s found Betty Friedan's book The Feminine Mystique (1963) speaking to them personally. Freidan identified an unnamed problem allowing women to see the self-doubt and depression they suffered as no longer a personal issue, but a social one. Coontz's work is both a social history of women at mid-century and a reception history of Friedan's book: A book regarded as one of the most influential in the twentieth century and a catalyst for the 1960s women's movement. Coontz's narrative provides a vivid picture of the realities and the contraction in the post-war lives of many women. She also critically examines Friedan and responds to the charge that the Feminine Mystique was too white and middle class. Including the voices of minority and working class women's response to the book, Coontz provides a fresh way for understand Friedan's legacy. This is not a story only trying to make sense of the past, but shows how the feminine mystique in new guises continues to reproduce itself in contemporary society. Consumerism, the search for meaningful work, and equity between men and women both a home and at work, are enduring issues we all continue to contend with. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Stephanie Coontz is an award-winning social historian, the director of Research and Public Education at the Council for Contemporary Families and teaches history and family studies at The Evergreen College in Olympia, Washington. In A Strange Stirring: The Feminine Mystique and American Women at the Dawn of the 1960s (Basic Books, 2014), Coontz reveals why so many women in the early 1960s found Betty Friedan’s book The Feminine Mystique (1963) speaking to them personally. Freidan identified an unnamed problem allowing women to see the self-doubt and depression they suffered as no longer a personal issue, but a social one. Coontz’s work is both a social history of women at mid-century and a reception history of Friedan’s book: A book regarded as one of the most influential in the twentieth century and a catalyst for the 1960s women’s movement. Coontz’s narrative provides a vivid picture of the realities and the contraction in the post-war lives of many women. She also critically examines Friedan and responds to the charge that the Feminine Mystique was too white and middle class. Including the voices of minority and working class women’s response to the book, Coontz provides a fresh way for understand Friedan’s legacy. This is not a story only trying to make sense of the past, but shows how the feminine mystique in new guises continues to reproduce itself in contemporary society. Consumerism, the search for meaningful work, and equity between men and women both a home and at work, are enduring issues we all continue to contend with. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Stephanie Coontz is an award-winning social historian, the director of Research and Public Education at the Council for Contemporary Families and teaches history and family studies at The Evergreen College in Olympia, Washington. In A Strange Stirring: The Feminine Mystique and American Women at the Dawn of the 1960s (Basic Books, 2014), Coontz reveals why so many women in the early 1960s found Betty Friedan’s book The Feminine Mystique (1963) speaking to them personally. Freidan identified an unnamed problem allowing women to see the self-doubt and depression they suffered as no longer a personal issue, but a social one. Coontz’s work is both a social history of women at mid-century and a reception history of Friedan’s book: A book regarded as one of the most influential in the twentieth century and a catalyst for the 1960s women’s movement. Coontz’s narrative provides a vivid picture of the realities and the contraction in the post-war lives of many women. She also critically examines Friedan and responds to the charge that the Feminine Mystique was too white and middle class. Including the voices of minority and working class women’s response to the book, Coontz provides a fresh way for understand Friedan’s legacy. This is not a story only trying to make sense of the past, but shows how the feminine mystique in new guises continues to reproduce itself in contemporary society. Consumerism, the search for meaningful work, and equity between men and women both a home and at work, are enduring issues we all continue to contend with. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Stephanie Coontz is an award-winning social historian, the director of Research and Public Education at the Council for Contemporary Families and teaches history and family studies at The Evergreen College in Olympia, Washington. In A Strange Stirring: The Feminine Mystique and American Women at the Dawn of the 1960s (Basic Books, 2014), Coontz reveals why so many women in the early 1960s found Betty Friedan’s book The Feminine Mystique (1963) speaking to them personally. Freidan identified an unnamed problem allowing women to see the self-doubt and depression they suffered as no longer a personal issue, but a social one. Coontz’s work is both a social history of women at mid-century and a reception history of Friedan’s book: A book regarded as one of the most influential in the twentieth century and a catalyst for the 1960s women’s movement. Coontz’s narrative provides a vivid picture of the realities and the contraction in the post-war lives of many women. She also critically examines Friedan and responds to the charge that the Feminine Mystique was too white and middle class. Including the voices of minority and working class women’s response to the book, Coontz provides a fresh way for understand Friedan’s legacy. This is not a story only trying to make sense of the past, but shows how the feminine mystique in new guises continues to reproduce itself in contemporary society. Consumerism, the search for meaningful work, and equity between men and women both a home and at work, are enduring issues we all continue to contend with. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Stephanie Coontz is an award-winning social historian, the director of Research and Public Education at the Council for Contemporary Families and teaches history and family studies at The Evergreen College in Olympia, Washington. In A Strange Stirring: The Feminine Mystique and American Women at the Dawn of the 1960s (Basic Books, 2014), Coontz reveals why so many women in the early 1960s found Betty Friedan’s book The Feminine Mystique (1963) speaking to them personally. Freidan identified an unnamed problem allowing women to see the self-doubt and depression they suffered as no longer a personal issue, but a social one. Coontz’s work is both a social history of women at mid-century and a reception history of Friedan’s book: A book regarded as one of the most influential in the twentieth century and a catalyst for the 1960s women’s movement. Coontz’s narrative provides a vivid picture of the realities and the contraction in the post-war lives of many women. She also critically examines Friedan and responds to the charge that the Feminine Mystique was too white and middle class. Including the voices of minority and working class women’s response to the book, Coontz provides a fresh way for understand Friedan’s legacy. This is not a story only trying to make sense of the past, but shows how the feminine mystique in new guises continues to reproduce itself in contemporary society. Consumerism, the search for meaningful work, and equity between men and women both a home and at work, are enduring issues we all continue to contend with. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In 1963, a frustrated American housewife, Betty Friedan, published one of the key texts in feminist thought. With its call for women to leave the home and enter the workplace, The Feminine Mystique paved the way for the women's liberation movement and became a bestseller. It called for a shakeup of the job market with maternity pay and subsidised childcare. Jo Fidgen speaks to two of Betty Friedan's children, Johnathan and Emily. The programme also contains archive recordings of Friedan herself. Photo: The Schlesinger Library, Radcliffe Institute, Harvard University.