Podcasts about Curio

This show has been flagged as Clean by the host. This series is dedicated to exploring little-known—and occasionally useful—trinkets lurking in the dusty corners of UNIX-like operating systems. Most users of UNIX-like systems are probably familiar with the diff utility. It is widely used with source code to compare two files and see what the differences are between them. Non-programmers, like me, also use it to examine what has changed in different versions of scripts or configuration files. Quite a few pieces of newer software can compare different versions of data and express changes in a format either identical to or similar to diff output. However, there are two other long-standing tools for this purpose that are far less known and deserve in my view to be termed UNIX Curios. The first of these is cmp 1 . While diff is primarily intended to be used on text files and compares them line by line, cmp compares files byte by byte. In my experience, its main use is to see whether two binary files are in fact identical—if they are, cmp outputs nothing and returns an exit status of 0. Back when methods of transferring files were not as reliable as they are today, this was a tool I would reach for sometimes. For example, you could use it to confirm that the data on a CD-ROM you burned was the same as the original. If there is a difference between the files, cmp will return an exit status of 1. By default, it will also print the location (byte and line number) of the first differing byte. When used with the -l option, it will print the location and value of every byte that differs. There is one exception to these: if the files are the same except that one is shorter than the other, it will print a message to that effect. The exit status will still be 1 in that case. Using the -s option with cmp will cause it to be totally silent and output nothing. Only the exit status will indicate whether the files are the same, different, or if the exit status is greater than 1, that an error occurred. This makes it useful for scripting, for example in case you wanted to confirm that a file copied to another location arrived fully intact. It is worth noting that diff is also capable of comparing binary files—however, it is not required by POSIX to report what is actually different or where differences occur. The same exit status as in cmp is returned: 0 if the files are the same, 1 if they are different, or greater than 1 if an error occurred. While many implementations offer an option to suppress the output, this is not in the standard 2 so the most portable method would be to instead redirect output to /dev/null . On my system the diff utility is three times the size of cmp , so if you don't need its extra capabilities, it is a less efficient way of doing the job. The other UNIX Curio for today is comm , and this utility 3 is also intended to compare two files to see what is common between them. Ken Fallon briefly talked about it a few years ago in HPR episode 3889 . Compared to the others, it has a much more specific use case. The two files are expected to be text files that are already sorted. What comm will do is print a tab-separated list of all the lines appearing in either or both files. Lines only in the first file will appear in the first column, lines only in the second file will be in the second column, and lines in both files will be in the third column. Any combination of the options -1 , -2 , and -3 can be used with comm to suppress printing of the first, second, or third column respectively. Using all three options at the same time is supported but it results in no output, so that isn't very useful. Unlike the other utilities, the exit status of comm doesn't tell you anything about the two files. It will be 0 if the program ran successfully, and greater than 0 if it didn't. I'm not sure if I have ever actually used comm for anything practical. I find its default output a bit difficult to meaningfully interpret, plus you need to ensure the two files are already sorted. It seems to be best suited to comparing lists, and one use case that Ken Fallon mentioned would be comparing two lists of files to see if any are missing. The command comm -3 listA listB would print files that only appear in listA in the first column and those only in listB in the second column. This would let you ignore all the filenames that appear in both and focus on those that were absent from one or the other. If on the other hand you only wanted to see the filenames that are on both lists, comm -12 listA listB would give you that. Some more frivolous potential uses also come to mind. If for some reason the cat utility is broken on your system, you could use comm listA /dev/null to print the file listA instead. If you want to insert tab characters before every line of a file but have an aversion to using sed or awk , then comm /dev/null listA would output listA with one tab before each line, and comm listA listA would insert two tabs. A bit silly, but it would work. The GNU implementation of comm even lets you choose something other than a tab to separate the columns 4 , so you could go wild with that. According to the POSIX specifications for cmp and comm , one of the two filenames given as arguments, but not both, can be a " - ", in which case standard input will be used for that "file" in the comparison. Also, the results are undefined if both arguments are the same FIFO special, character special, or block special file. Some implementations might not have these limitations, but you shouldn't rely on that everywhere. All three of these were developed quite early. The cmp utility appeared in 1971's First Edition UNIX 5 , while comm and diff seem to have made their debut in Fourth Edition UNIX 6,7 from 1973. The original versions might not have behaved exactly like their modern counterparts, and newer implementations (especially of the diff utility) have acquired additional options and capabilities, but the basic operation of each has stayed the same. The next time you need to compare files against each other, consider whether cmp or comm might be appropriate before automatically reaching for diff . They all have their uses in different situations. References: Cmp specification https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/009695399/utilities/cmp.html Diff specification https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/009695399/utilities/diff.html Comm specification https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/009695399/utilities/comm.html GNU coreutils manual: comm https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/manual/html_node/comm-invocation.html First Edition UNIX cmp manual page http://man.cat-v.org/unix-1st/1/cmp Fourth Edition UNIX comm manual page https://www.tuhs.org/cgi-bin/utree.pl?file=V4/usr/man/man1/comm.1 Fourth Edition UNIX diff source https://www.tuhs.org/cgi-bin/utree.pl?file=V4/usr/source/s1/diff1.c Provide feedback on this episode.

This show has been flagged as Clean by the host. This series is dedicated to exploring little-known—and occasionally useful—trinkets lurking in the dusty corners of UNIX-like operating systems. In UNIX Curio #4 ( HPR episode 4617 ), I teased the subject of file compression. Today I'm circling back to that. The history of data compression goes back at least to the 1970s, and in contexts outside UNIX and computers, probably even earlier. Somehow, it is refreshing to learn that humans have always struggled to have enough storage space to keep all the data they want to hang on to. One way around this limitation is to use some form of compression. I am only going to dive into lossless compression for this episode—that is, a compression method that can be reversed and will spit out the original data bit for bit. Lossy compression methods also have their places: you might be familiar with their use for audio (such as Ogg Vorbis or MP3); it's also used for images (such as JPEG). Lossy compression allows some of the original data to be thrown away, resulting in a smaller file than is possible with lossless compression, but the intent is for the result to still sound or look "good enough" to a human observer. Also, I am going to limit my discussion to generic methods used for many types of data; while FLAC does lossless compression, it is specifically designed just for audio. I should make clear that I have never studied computer science or information theory, so this episode will not get into the science behind various types of compression algorithms and how they differ. But in general, these methods take advantage of the fact that many types of data have recurring patterns. English text mostly consists of words that often re-appear many times—source code similarly has keywords and variable names that recur. Compression is accomplished by representing a piece of data that occurs multiple times with a symbol that is shorter in length. The first compression program in the UNIX world I could find is called pack , from 1978 1 . It was shortly followed in 1979 by a similar program called compact 2 . Both of these used a technique called Huffman coding, but with some differences between them. Files compressed with pack were given a .z extension and compact gave filenames a .C extension. Roughly every five or ten years after this, a new program would come along and achieve lasting popularity. There were, and still are, two opposing forces facing any new form of compression. Working in favor was the advantages it provided—first among these was achieving a better compression ratio, but performance improvements such as speed or reduced memory usage could also be compelling. The force against any new method was the fact that it was not yet widely supported—it doesn't much help to have a smaller file if the people you share it with cannot decompress it. The next major advance in compression arose out of three scientific papers: two in 1977 and 1978 by Abraham Lempel and Jacob Ziv (called LZ77 and LZ78), and one by Terry Welch in 1984 which built on LZ78. This last method is typically referred to as LZW. Our UNIX Curio for today is a program called compress 3 that implements the LZW method. Files compressed this way are named with the extension .Z . I had always assumed that this was to honor Jacob Ziv, but now that I've researched the history, it seems more likely to be a follow-on from how files compressed by pack were named. Since pack did not use any of the Lempel-Ziv methods, I would guess that it used .z because that wasn't already taken by anything else, but that's pure speculation. I do recall encountering .Z files in the wild, but feel certain that hasn't happened in the last 25 years, maybe longer. If you need to expand one of these, uncompress 4 is the program to use ( GNU's gunzip can also handle them 5 ). However, there was a serious problem that arose with the LZ78 and LZW compression methods. Both of them were patented, and the owner became aggressive in seeking payment from developers and users. The compress utility was developed within two months of the publication of Welch's 1984 paper and was included in Bell Laboratories' Eighth Edition UNIX before these shakedowns started. The paper did not disclose that a patent had been filed, and apparently Spencer Thomas and the other developers of compress were unaware of it. The utility became popular for a while, and was even standardized by POSIX, but people moved away from LZW once the legal threats started. Another important advance came in 1991 and was called the DEFLATE compression method. It combined the un-patented LZ77 method with Huffman coding to achieve a similar level of compression as LZW (actually, often better) without the legal trouble. DEFLATE was developed for PKZIP and was soon adopted by the GNU project's gzip compressor. While Phil Katz (the "PK" in PKZIP ) patented one way of implementing the DEFLATE method, it was possible to write a compressor and decompressor without infringing 6 ; also, he apparently never tried to enforce the patent 7 . As I mentioned in UNIX Curio #4, .zip is both an archive and a compression format. Each archive member can be compressed with one of several possible methods (or stored without compression). Unlike a tar file where compression can be applied to the entire archive, in .zip each archive member is compressed individually. This often means a .zip file will be slightly bigger than a tar file with the same contents compressed with gzip , because the .zip format cannot take advantage of duplication that occurs among more than one member of the archive. The vast majority of .zip files use only the DEFLATE and uncompressed storage methods and these are the only options if you want to follow the profile standardized in ISO/IEC 21320-1. Actually, since they both use DEFLATE, gzip is able to extract a .zip file in the special case where it only holds one member compressed with that method. From the 1990s onward, people paid significant attention to avoiding patent landmines, so only methods that didn't have that problem became broadly popular. While the patents on LZ78 and LZW have since expired, I feel like their most successful legacy was in discouraging people from using those methods, leading to DEFLATE taking the popularity crown. The next step came in 1996 and 1997 with the development of bzip and bzip2 by Julian Seward. The original method was quickly followed by bzip2 , which was the version that achieved true popularity. They use the Burrows-Wheeler transform, which does not itself compress data but re-arranges it to make it more compressible; this is combined with other techniques 8 . (At least, that's my understanding. I told you, I'm not up on information theory.) This provides a significant reduction in the compressed size of the data compared to earlier methods—however, it is slower than DEFLATE both during compression and decompression. Separate projects have developed parallel versions of gzip and bzip2 that can take advantage of multi-processor machines, but the original utilities run single-threaded. Another five years later, in 2001, Igor Pavlov added the Lempel-Ziv-Markov chain algorithm (LZMA), an enhancement to LZ77, to his 7-Zip compression tool. This was followed a few years later by LZMA2, a container format that allowed for LZMA compression to be split between multiple threads. Broad LZMA2 support came to the UNIX world in 2009 with the xz utility 9 . It offers roughly similar compression ratios to bzip2 , though it can be better or worse depending on the data to be compressed. While compression generally takes even longer than bzip2 , decompression is significantly faster (though still not as fast as gzip ). The Linux kernel relatively quickly supported booting from xz-compressed images 10 because it was a good match for that use case—compression, the time-consuming activity, only has to be done once while the more frequent decompression during boot happens relatively fast. The last method I will cover is Zstandard 11 , often written as zstd . This came about in 2015, and is another variation on LZ77 that uses finite-state entropy (which means nothing to me, but you might understand it). It performs about as well as DEFLATE in terms of compression ratios, but is much faster both when compressing and decompressing data. I should say that these statements are true with the typical default settings—depending on the compression level selected, it can compress more slowly, but compress the data smaller. However, decompression is always speedier than DEFLATE. This makes it attractive for some uses, and it is heavily promoted by Meta/Facebook, where Yann Collet developed it. For example, shipping large amounts of actively-used data between machines in a data center can go more quickly when the size is reduced; however, if the compression and decompression steps take too long that benefit is lost. A speedy method can be valuable even if it doesn't result in the greatest reduction in size. This use case stands in contrast to, say, a compressed backup file which might only be accessed in a disaster recovery scenario or never accessed at all, making size more important than speed. Both the xz and zstd utilities have some built-in support for multi-threading, but the default is to run in a single thread. While xz can use multiple threads for decompression (but only if the file was compressed in multi-thread mode), the reference zstd utility can only use more than one thread for compression, not decompression. There are many other methods of lossless compression that have been developed over the decades, but I believe these are the ones you are most likely to encounter in the world of UNIX-like systems. This is a personal opinion, and others might choose a different set. As mentioned, it can be tough for a new method to gain popularity and 35-year-old DEFLATE is still probably the most commonly used despite not being the fastest or offering the greatest reduction in size. Even systems like FreeBSD, NetBSD, and OpenBSD that do not like to include GNU tools supported it by developing their own version of gzip based on the permissively-licensed zlib library. Technically, the LZW method used by the compress utility is still standardized by POSIX, so one might expect it to have the widest support. However, aggressive patent enforcement discouraged adoption, especially by Free and Open Source Software systems—even though the patent has expired, it is still out of favor compared to DEFLATE. For this reason, I feel justified in calling it a curio. References: Eighth Edition UNIX pack.c https://www.tuhs.org/cgi-bin/utree.pl?file=V8/usr/src/cmd/pack/pack.c 2.9BSD compact.c https://www.tuhs.org/cgi-bin/utree.pl?file=2.9BSD/usr/src/ucb/compact/compact.c Compress specification https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/009695399/utilities/compress.html Uncompress specification https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/009695399/utilities/uncompress.html GNU Gzip manual https://www.gnu.org/software/gzip/manual/gzip.html RFC 1951: DEFLATE Compressed Data Format Specification version 1.3 https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1951 History of Lossless Data Compression Algorithms: The Rise of Deflate https://ethw.org/History_of_Lossless_Data_Compression_Algorithms#The_Rise_of_Deflate bzip2 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bzip2 XZ Utils https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XZ_Utils 2.6.38 merge window part 2 https://lwn.net/Articles/423541/ zstd https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zstd Appendix The table below demonstrates the results of compressing different types of data using tools described in this episode. While not totally rigorous, I did run each compression and decompression multiple times to ensure I was getting consistent results. The laptop I used has an Intel Core i5-6200U CPU running at 2.30GHz, and the system had at least 5 GB of free memory for each run. While this processor has two cores and can run four simultaneous threads, all utilities were run single-threaded. The term "best" means the highest level of compression available (the exact level used is shown). For bzip2 , the default is the best. For zstd , "best" is -19, which is the highest "normal" level, but "ultra" levels that are even higher also exist. Ratios are the percentage of the original size that the file was reduced to (other sources might instead express the compression ratio as the reduction in size achieved). In all results, smaller numbers are better. ┌────────────────────────────┬─────────────┬─────────────┬─────────────┬─────────────┬─────────────┬─────────────┬─────────────┐ │ │ gzip │ gzip │ bzip2 │ xz │ xz │ zstd │ zstd │ │ │(default -6) │ (best -9) │ (-9) │(default -6) │ (best -9) │(default -3) │ (best -19) │ ├──────────────┬─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┤ │ │Size (ratio) │ 22,036,508 │ 21,891,623 │ 15,795,698 │ 13,487,768 │ 12,938,464 │ 20,454,657 │ 13,709,078 │ │ │ │ (24%) │ (24%) │ (17%) │ (15%) │ (14%) │ (23%) │ (15%) │ │English Text ├─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┤ │(90,532,092 │Compression │ 4.8s │ 7.6s │ 8.5s │ 49.8s │ 58.8s │ 0.6s │ 65.2s │ │bytes │time │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │uncompressed) ├─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┤ │ │Decompression│ 0.7s │ 0.8s │ 3.7s │ 1.2s │ 1.2s │ 0.4s │ 0.4s │ │ │time │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ├──────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┤ │ │Size (ratio) │ 125,291,122 │ 124,189,544 │ 98,016,512 │ 84,882,492 │ 81,954,344 │ 120,604,855 │ 87,298,645 │ │ │ │ (21%) │ (21%) │ (17%) │ (14%) │ (14%) │ (20%) │ (15%) │ │Source Code ├─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┤ │(590,008,320 │Compression │ 22.0s │ 39.3s │ 54.8s │ 241s │ 298s │ 3.7s │ 348s │ │bytes │time │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │uncompressed) ├─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┤ │ │Decompression│ 5.1s │ 5.1s │ 20.3s │ 8.1s │ 7.8s │ 2.4s │ 2.4s │ │ │time │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ├──────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┤ │ │Size (ratio) │ 32,830,905 │ 32,371,241 │ 26,856,579 │ 20,717,288 │ 20,352,880 │ 28,538,810 │ 23,154,582 │ │ │ │ (19%) │ (19%) │ (16%) │ (12%) │ (12%) │ (17%) │ (13%) │ │Binary Program├─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┤ │(171,972,264 │Compression │ 6.4s │ 22.4s │ 18.6s │ 62.2s │ 67.8s │ 0.8s │ 111s │ │bytes │time │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │uncompressed) ├─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┤ │ │Decompression│ 1.5s │ 1.5s │ 5.6s │ 2.3s │ 2.3s │ 0.7s │ 0.7s │ │ │time │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ├──────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┤ │ │Size (ratio) │ 146,397,772 │ 146,397,757 │ 144,485,451 │ 131,950,232 │ 130,926,780 │ 147,154,979 │ 145,703,840 │ │ │ │ (89%) │ (89%) │ (88%) │ (80%) │ (80%) │ (90%) │ (89%) │ │WAVE Audio ├─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┤ │(164,396,302 │Compression │ 9.2s │ 9.2s │ 25.1s │ 70.4s │ 97.7s │ 0.7s │ 58.3s │ │bytes │time │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │uncompressed) ├─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┤ │ │Decompression│ 2.0s │ 2.0s │ 13.5s │ 12.2s │ 12.1s │ 0.6s │ 0.8s │ │ │time │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ├──────────────┴─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┤ │ │ gzip │ gzip │ bzip2 │ xz │ xz │ zstd │ zstd │ │ │(default -6) │ (best -9) │ (-9) │(default -6) │ (best -9) │(default -3) │ (best -19) │ └────────────────────────────┴─────────────┴─────────────┴─────────────┴─────────────┴─────────────┴─────────────┴─────────────┘ English text consists of Titles 1 through 10 of the 2020 U.S. Code of Federal Regulations . Source code consists of a tar file containing the Linux kernel source, version 4.0. Binary program consists of an ELF-format executable of the pandoc application, version 2.17.1.1 found on Debian 12. Audio consists of a 24-bit Signed Integer PCM WAVE file with 2 channels at 44.1kHz, about 10:21 in length. For comparison, the audio-specific flac lossless compression utility reduced this file to 97,962,711 bytes (60%) in 2.6 seconds at the default (-5) level and to 97,714,876 bytes (59%) in 5.4 seconds at the highest (-8) level. Provide feedback on this episode.

Episode 291-Drop Your Socks and Grab Your Glocks Also Available OnSearchable Podcast Transcript Gun Lawyer — Episode Transcript Page – 1 – of 14 Gun Lawyer — Episode 291 Transcript SUMMARY KEYWORDS Gun rights, Second Amendment, gerrymandering, New Jersey, federal law, AK-47, AR-15, gun laws, Supreme Court, carry permit, gun dealers, political power, racial discrimination, gun ownership, legal battles. SPEAKERS Speaker 1, Teddy Nappen, Speaker 3, Evan Nappen Speaker 1 00:11 Lawyer, Evan Nappen 00:18 I’m Evan Nappen. Teddy Nappen 00:20 And I’m Teddy Nappen. Evan Nappen 00:22 And welcome to Gun Lawyer. So, Teddy, what’s on your mind today? Teddy Nappen 00:27 Well, I never realized the guy that wrote the Zombie Survival Guide, Max Brooks, was related to Mel Brooks. I thought it was a common name. Evan Nappen 00:38 What? How is he related to Mel Brooks? Teddy Nappen 00:40 It’s his son, so. Evan Nappen 00:42 Oh, my G-d! Is he gonna make a movie, you know, Young Zombie or something? Teddy Nappen 00:44 Yeah, no, Young Zombie. Evan Nappen 00:46 Or a zombie movie with lots of farts? Page – 2 – of 14 Teddy Nappen 00:52 No. Evan Nappen 00:53 Blazing Zombies, Blazing Zombies. Teddy Nappen 00:55 Yeah! Blazing Zombies, that’s it, kind of like what was it, Abraham Lincoln and the Vampire Abraham Lincoln. Evan Nappen 01:02 Right. I think Blazing Zombies would probably be very popular. Teddy Nappen 01:06 Yeah, I know, right. Let’s see them try to reboot Blazing Saddles. Good luck with that. Evan Nappen 01:12 Well, they could do Blazing. Yeah, but if they did Blazing Zombies, they would never be able to say certain words that they used in Blazing Saddles. Teddy Nappen 01:23 Yeah, like calling the zombies a bunch of leg draggers. Evan Nappen 01:26 Ha, ha, ha, ha. Actually, we’re kind of dealing with a zombie apocalypse with the Democrat party lately. I think they are a bunch of, you know. They don’t have brains. They just try to eat brains. Teddy Nappen 01:48 Yeah. And unfortunately, they keep coming up with new ideas to screw us out of our rights. Evan Nappen 01:55 Right! That’s it. That’s what they do. They send the horde out to eat our rights. They do the horde, and they just try to get everybody on board to sacrifice for their pure unadulterated political power. Like trying to get college athletes to boycott their entire athletic career, over, for example, they’re flipping out over the ending of racial gerrymandering. I mean, it’s kind of unbelievable when you watch them talk about this being, you know, Jim Crow II, when all that is being done is ending racial discrimination, with setting up voting districts. Somehow ending racial discrimination is Jim Crow. Only a Democrat with zombie brains could ever make that argument with a straight face. Teddy Nappen 02:59 Well, it’s also very funny because, if you cut to all of New England, where the breakdown is roughly like 40 to 50% Republican, and there’s no representation for that. And so, they, and it’s all the states are heavily, heavily gerrymandered, like zero representation for Republicans, but oh, that’s fine. It’s only Page – 3 – of 14 when the Republicans say, you know what? You’ve established the rules of engagement, and we will oblige. That’s just how the game is played. Evan Nappen 03:29 Now, you would think that the Democrats would have expert knowledge on Jim Crow, because they’re the ones that started it. The original Jim Crow laws were done by Democrats after the Civil War. And, of course, who opposed the Civil Rights Act? The Democrats. They were the originals. And then for them to get up now and claim how much they want to oppose what they are perceiving as Jim Crow laws are kind of rich. And, of course, it isn’t. It is the actual elimination of the racial discrimination that is in place by way of their gerrymandering, and this is very important to our gun rights, Teddy. Very important to our gun rights. As voting is turned around, so that it actually reflects the voters, as opposed to these bizarre jurisdictions engineered for Democrats just to maintain power, we will see more and more advances in the fight for our gun rights. It is the other side there that constantly is trying to take away our Second Amendment rights. Teddy Nappen 04:52 What always makes me laugh, though, is they always try to say the party switched. They always make that argument. By the way, it’s a completely disproven argument. Like, okay, what time period? Was it under Senator (Robert) Byrd, who was a, what was it? The Grand Wizard? Evan Nappen 05:07 The Grand Wizard of the KKK. Teddy Nappen 05:10 Which, by the way, he was a mentor to Joe Biden throughout his political career. But no one talks about that. Or when Joe Biden, what did Joe Biden say on the stage? Evan Nappen 05:21 Oh, don’t even. Teddy Nappen 05:21 Yeah, exactly, yeah, yeah. Evan Nappen 05:25 party, Evan Nappen 05:25 The party hasn’t switched. They’re just trying to build a bigger fence with a plantation. They are the ones trying to run a plantation, and that’s what gerrymandering, prior to this Calais Supreme Court case, that’s what it was really about. How does the Democrat maintain their plantations of voter districts, to maintain their power? Page – 4 – of 14 Teddy Nappen 05:50 Yeah, exactly. They put up the creation that Johnson, what was it? We’re going to get these guys voting Democrat for the rest of their lives. They created the giant welfare state. Evan Nappen 06:01 Yeah. And by the way, he didn’t even call them “these guys”. Teddy Nappen 06:05 I know I was trying to, I was paraphrasing. Evan Nappen 06:11 Describing them. Yeah, just their hypocrisy definitely knows no bounds, and this time period now is somewhat encouraging, because a lot of everything that they’ve built on, including taking our gun rights, it’s collapsing all around them. It’s very encouraging to see that. You just saw the primaries go here. Trump with what 34 zero or whatever on his picks, and that helps get us further with the expansion of our Second Amendment rights. This is all a part. Because part of MAGA is the rebirth of the power of the Second Amendment, that is a part of MAGA, guys. You’ve got to know that, and you can see it. We are now in a completely different world than in the Biden era. I mean, Biden was essentially engaging in a clamp down, a clamp down on our rights in every way that he could abuse federal power to do so. And we’re seeing incredible changes in the other direction now. Teddy Nappen 07:29 I’ll give you the highlight of that. We dealt with this, where it was weaponization. They were going after dealers for the most minuscule things with a zero tolerance. And now that’s been eliminated, and it has been helping. Of course, New Jersey picks up the mantle from their new AG. Now they’re going after FFL dealers and demanding records detailing the sales of Glocks, which I could have sworn they already knew about the sales, because every time you purchase. Evan Nappen 08:01 Yeah, this is what is such crap about these subpoenas to all the dealers to turn over their records of the last decade for every Glock sold. New Jersey has a pistol purchase permit system, which is a form of register. So, the State Police already have the computerized registered database of every purchase of a Glock since the computerization of the pistol permit system, which completely covers the decade that they’re requesting. In other words, the only reason for this subpoena is essentially, in my opinion, to harass dealers because the information itself is already at their fingertips. Now, the bigger legal question is, is that something legally they’re allowed to access because New Jersey has Administrative Code provisions that mandate confidentiality on all gun records of purchase acquisition. All that kind of stuff is protected by that confidentiality. So, maybe they themselves thought that trying to just get dealer records, maybe could do an end run over their own Administrative Code, preventing the release of this information. Although there is a provision in the Code that says for law enforcement purposes it can be accessed. But this is a lawsuit, not law enforcement purposes. So, it really is interesting the approach they’re taking. If they’re righteous in the law, in being able to access this data, then they can access it through the database in the appropriate legal manner, if they are qualified. And if not, why are they subpoenaing dealers to turn over information that is already in the possession of the State of New Page – 5 – of 14 Jersey? And these application forms, et cetera, are protected by way of their own Administrative Code provisions, setting out confidentiality. Teddy Nappen 10:20 So, Teddy Nappen 10:21 Yeah, I will say what’s really messed up is I love the AG’s response. So, this was actually from 2A News Team. They asked these questions and the AG responded. Oh no, no. These requests are not seeking information about individual purchasers or any person’s identifying information about their purchases. However, the subpoena says that exact wording. Evan Nappen 10:50 Right. Teddy Nappen 10:51 Documents show sufficient sale or transfer of Glock handguns from you to New Jersey customers. Literally, it’s the first line in the subpoena. Evan Nappen 11:03 Right. And the thing about Glocks. Look, if you own a Glock, you know you better hold on to it. This is the new tactic of the anti-Second Amendment rights movement. To try to ban and restrict Glocks because of a claim that they can be relatively easily converted to fully automatic using what’s called a Glock switch. But mere possession of a Glock switch under federal law is considered a machine gun in and of itself, and these switches are banned in New Jersey as well. The component is already illegal. So, trying to link Glocks to them so that they can further take away one of the most popular self-defense handguns in the world. This is their gambit. This is their gambit now to try to do that. Teddy Nappen 12:10 So, it was also interesting, is pull it was from the article. Out of the 15 FFLs that they subpoenaed, they were roughly, there was 15 of those FFLs were out of the total authorized Glock dealers. So, I’m trying to think the strategy of it. If they’re trying, if these were just the 15, were kind of like where they went after those two gun dealers and forced them to basically have to essentially declare and register every purchase or gun-related material. Are they just going for the small fish to then go after the whole? Kind of like a staff? Teddy Nappen 12:46 Out of curiosity. Could there be a constitutional challenge because there’s a federal firearms license? Could you either make the Supremacy Clause argument or just going with the idea of there shouldn’t be a state license, too? Evan Nappen 12:46 Okay. At a minimum, it’s designed to harass gun dealers. I mean, New Jersey is dedicated to that principle, given the excesses that they go to regarding being a New Jersey retail firearm dealer. I mean Page – 6 – of 14 having an FFL, that’s a federal firearm license. New Jersey also requires for a dealer to have a New Jersey retail dealer firearms license, and the retail dealer firearms license is what is managed by the state of New Jersey. And that’s where you see an incredibly excessive and additional amount of requirements, far beyond what federal law requires, designed to be a legal discouragement to being a dealer. Also, it’s been used in the past as a pretext to raid individuals that had FFLs but did not have a NJ retail dealer license. I’ve had cases on this where individuals that had a federal firearms license for Curio and Relic, collector licenses, the state alleged they were federal firearm licensees and acting as dealers, which they were not. They are collectors. And because they alleged they had a federal license, they needed a New Jersey firearm retail dealer license. They proceeded to conduct raids on the individuals that held Curio and Relic licenses. So, this is one of the risks out there. They were able to purge and merge the federal list to the state list of New Jersey retailers. Evan Nappen 14:31 Well, the problem is that the federal firearm law is expressly not preemptive. It’s designed to be the absolute minimum gun control harassment that exists throughout the entire country. And then states are invited to, you know, this was the philosophy, invited to go wild. So, you have the baseline of the federal law, which has many constitutional questions about it itself, expressly not being preemptive, and the states are left to their own devices to create whatever stricter and stricter and more harassing and more discouraging gun laws that they want to pass. And as long as those laws are somehow upheld constitutionally, they can keep on going. There is no cap. There’s no cap placed on the attack on our rights. It should exist, but doesn’t, except in a few very narrow areas where there is express preemption. Evan Nappen 16:22 One of those places where there is express preemption is Title 18 926 A for interstate transport of your guns. You can transport your guns cased, unloaded, locked, not readily accessible, etc., so that you can go through bad states in your travels. There’s areas of preemption, specifically for carry, like LEOSA, Law Enforcement Officer Safety Act, where retired and active law enforcement can carry, regardless of the state law that might otherwise try to prevent them from doing so. There’s actually preemption for carry. It was the original carry preemption, which a lot of people don’t know was for armored car security. Armored car personnel was actually the first federal carry preemption. And then today we’re pushing to try to get national reciprocity, which is in effect national preemption, mandating that every state recognize every other state’s carry rights to that particular resident in whatever state that resident might be in. But generally across 99% of all the federal gun laws, it is expressly not preemptive. So, this is where the problems come in, because there is no cap on the damage that states can do. Teddy Nappen 17:55 So, it would require an, it would basically either require an act of Congress to amend it to include the preemption. Evan Nappen 18:02 Yes, literally, what would be great is if we finally get a cap. Now, in theory, the cap on bad gun laws is this little thing we call the Second Amendment, and the Second Amendment’s cap was fairly broad. The Page – 7 – of 14 cap, as I recall, it said shall not be infringed. Okay? Shall not be infringed. So, any infringement is arguably a violation of the Second Amendment. Therefore no state or federal government, because we now have it incorporated to the states through the McDonald case, through the 14th Amendment, like many of our other constitutional rights. No state or federal law should infringe on our gun rights. Yet we’re knee deep in battles over various gun laws that are utterly passed with contempt of the Second Amendment, and then we have to go through these fights over it. Teddy Nappen 19:09 Yeah, and it’s definitely. I noticed that whenever it comes to New Jersey, I mean, I know people always talk about state powers, how they, you know, always leave it to the states. However, there are some things that there’s just so much abuse by the states that what they do, I mean, just right now, what they are doing right now is disgusting. Where they’re just harassing these dealers, going after them, wasting the taxpayers dollars. And it’s the level of where, all right, the federal government needs to step in, and I can see everyone’s like, “Oh, don’t allow the feds to get in, but here is the truth. They abuse it so much that there’s just no, there’s no value. Evan Nappen 19:54 Well, frankly, if we simply made the federal law, as it stands right now, as the preemptive. Just passed a law saying federal law preempts state law. Then every state gun law would become mooted out. Done. Invalid. Because only the federal law would apply. And currently under federal law there are no prohibitions on carry. There’s no addressing that in a negative way. Now, they might say, because the federal law doesn’t address it at all, then the states could still try to regulate carry. But then we still have the constitutional Second Amendment with the Bruen decision and such regarding carry. Then if we look at how the impact would be beyond that, well, everything else that these states try to pass, particularly on sale, possession, or on any of that, it would all be preemptively null and void by way of a federal law that they first engineered to just be a minimum to suddenly become the maximum. And that would concentrate our efforts only to having essentially federal fights, which would be pretty good, because instead of the pro-gun movement, those that defend our gun rights, and instead of having them fighting in every jurisdiction, everywhere, every state or county or town that passes some anti-Second Amendment gun rights law that we have to go in and challenge, we would have a preemptive federal law. So, every battle would simply be taking place, for the most part, at the federal law level of preemption, and it would basically gut that entire expenditure of the battle that we constantly have to foot the bill and pay for. It would be an interesting thing to conceptualize, to finally have a federal full preemption. I think it’s workable. Teddy Nappen 22:18 Yeah, and look, I never thought we’d ever see, like, the tax stamp removed for suppressors, and having a chance for it to be removed from the NFA, so anything is possible. We just need to get the right people in, and the right amount of votes. Evan Nappen 22:30 Yeah, it might, it might actually be, but then you’ll have even pro-Second Amendment folks, say, oh, states rights, states’ rights, you know. And they become so focused on so-called states’ rights that we still are losing our rights, because, as you say, Teddy, there’s an abuse by the states of our rights, and Page – 8 – of 14 this could end that abuse. So, when you have an abuse of state power, then the federal government really should come in to stop the abuse by the states. Teddy Nappen 22:53 I think it was in New York, and this might have been years ago. Do you remember they posted the map of who owned firearms? Evan Nappen 23:15 Yeah, it was New York, yeah, right. And then the public record, and then you could, it was searchable when you could find the gun owners. Teddy Nappen 23:25 Of course, a lot of them got robbed and harassed, and everything in that, which is just like, all right, fine. And you know what? When is it going to be enough for states’ powers? When they say everyone wears a yellow armband? It’s a picture of an AR, like states power, states rights. It’s such BS for allowing the abuse that comes down from New Jersey. Where you have the gulag that is the symbol of oppression of a totalitarian regime, and it just pisses me off so much when I hear that argument. I hear the people that make perfect the enemy of good, every time. How long did it take us to lose our rights to these people? Decades. And that’s what it’s going to take to get them back. It’s just disgusting. Evan Nappen 24:12 It is. But we’re in the fight, and we have to keep this fight on. Politically, the big picture is critical in our ability to win and get these changes. As much as all this is aggravating, if you step back, man, I can step back and look from having been practicing gun law for over 40 years. I can look and say we have come a long way. We’ve come a long way. The fact that we can finally have a carry permit in New Jersey is astounding. It’s astounding that we got to that, because that was something that seemed like an impossibility, and yet it got achieved. You can see amazing other advances. Evan Nappen 25:07 Hopefully, shortly, we will see the Supreme Court take a hardware case. We need them to take a hardware case. What I’m talking about is so-called assault firearms or assault weapons, magazines, where there is hardware that’s been banned. Where the constitutionality of the ability to ban hardware finally gets established out of the Supreme Court to end it, to stop it. That’s something that we’ve got to get to, and I think we’re going to see that soon. It is coming. There are so many cases, and they’ve been going up the chain. I think we’re going to see it. I don’t know if it’ll be, you know, this session. We’re getting close, and that’s what we saw, the prediction by even the U.S. Attorney General. The U.S. Attorney General saying they believe that ARs and others, Supreme Court will eventually pronounce they are legal. Teddy Nappen 26:16 I know there’s like, I know there’s rumors, everyone, about the different justices retiring. Imagine if Justice Thomas’s retirement, his last decision that he does, is he legalized and ends the assault firearm bans across the country. Page – 9 – of 14 Evan Nappen 26:31 Oh, that’d be just wonderful. I’d like to see St. Thomas. Teddy Nappen 26:36 Yeah. You know they did the commemorative, like Heller, like revolver, I remember that they. Evan Nappen 26:43 Which I have, I have a commemorative Heller Smith & Wesson .38. Not only was it commemorative and put out by Smith when the Heller decision came down, so it’s actually a Smith & Wesson bonafide commemorative, but I have that, I think I showed it to you, Teddy, it’s signed personally by Dick Heller, who’s a friend. So, I have a signed commemorative of the Heller decision, signed by Dick Heller himself. Teddy Nappen 27:10 Well, the next one I want it to be just, it’ll say the name of the case, and it’s just the Clarence Thomas smile that you see. The GIF area Thomas commemorative AR. Evan Nappen 27:23 And then, of course, the Left would complain that it’s racist because it’s a black rifle. No. You can’t be racist against Thomas, right? I mean, they always talk. Teddy Nappen 27:37 No, no, they say you can, because they say that he’s not black enough. If you know his entire history, the like, his, you could not, you could not live as a like a black American, like his entire thing, like inner city kid, like I think he was a single, like single mom, they like raised, like literally did the like live the entire black experience like it would be a lifetime movie. It would be amazing. Evan Nappen 28:05 He is an amazing man with actually the embodiment of the American dream, in effect. Coming from an absolutely underprivileged, you know, situation where he rose to be one of the greatest Supreme, one of the greatest, for sure, Supreme Court justices. His amazing story about an amazing man. Just great. And they don’t, because just like with gerrymandering, where there are plenty of Republican minority reps out there, it’s not racism at all. It’s the Democrat power grab, and because Judge Thomas is conservative, they refuse to acknowledge the benefit of having such a great man. Teddy Nappen 29:03 Yeah. And he is what Joe Biden would describe as articulate, bright, and clean. Evan Nappen 29:09 Oh G-d. Teddy Nappen 29:13 I love how Biden said that to Obama. I know. Page – 10 – of 14 Evan Nappen 29:16 I mean. He would constantly say these things. And yet they will extrapolate 10 times out to try to paint Trump as racist when Biden was. He bona fide said stuff that was absolutely insane with racism. Stereotypical racism. Teddy Nappen 29:44 Yeah. Evan Nappen 29:45 Yeah, really. I mean, just come on. Insulting and amazing. Well, and let me tell you, Teddy, about our good friends at WeShoot. WeShoot is an indoor range. You and I have shot there, and you love WeShoot, don’t you, Teddy? Teddy Nappen 30:04 I had a great time. Evan Nappen 30:05 We always do, every time. We got our certifications there for our carries, and you can do the same. They’ve got a great pro shop, great trainers, great facility, and it’s really conveniently right off the Parkway in Lakewood, New Jersey. Lakewood, New Jersey. You want to check out the WeShoot website at weshootusa.com. And you should make sure you get on their email list, because WeShoot sends out a lot of great stuff via email. All their great deals and specials and cool events they’re doing and all kinds of fun things. WeShoot is extremely dynamic, and they are always doing something. WeShoot is just super fun. So, if you’re looking for a great range to belong to, a great place to shoot, a great place to hone your skills, get your training, you cannot do any better than WeShoot in Lakewood. Check out weshootusa.com. Evan Nappen 31:18 Let me also mention my book, New Jersey Gun Law. It’s the bible of New Jersey gun law. It is a book used by, well, everybody. If you want to understand New Jersey gun law, you need my book, which is not surprisingly titled New Jersey Gun Law. You can get your copy at EvanNappen.com, EvanNappen.com. When you get the book, you’ll see it is very large. It is over 500 pages. It’s 120 topics, all question and answer. And the greatest thing about my book is that the book itself can be used as a weapon. It’s that big. I’m not advising you to do that, but should you need to, yes, that is a book you don’t want to get hit in the head with. So, check out New Jersey Gun Law at EvanNappen.com. Teddy, I bet you have something else up your sleeve to tell us. Teddy Nappen 32:18 Well, one of the things that did come up, and I just thought, what the heck? This is in the feed of the New York Times. Where are all the AK 47s? Like, where have all the AK 47s gone? I know. Evan Nappen 32:19 I don’t know. Where have they gone? Page – 11 – of 14 Teddy Nappen 32:21 I know. It was a very interesting article, but it was also very strange. Just reading through, I don’t know if you ever heard of Jim Fuller? Evan Nappen 32:47 The Fuller Brush Man? Teddy Nappen 32:49 Apparently, he’s a gunsmith. He makes custom AKs. I’m not too familiar on that, but he was going into details of, like, and they were talking about the collapse of the AK market. Evan Nappen 33:01 Well, there is a downturn, but prices aren’t collapsing. Teddy Nappen 33:06 Yeah, I mean, how much are you going for? Evan Nappen 33:08 One of the Russian AKs going. You know the problem is, what led to the big boom, of course, was when we were importing AKs. We could have them from China and Russia. Although we were getting really cheap ammo, and there was so much of the surplus ammo, the 762 by 39 that it became extremely popular, because you could so reasonably shoot. Then it became so overwhelmingly possible that even American-made guns, like the Ruger Mini 30, for example, were being made in 762 by 39. Then you also had the influx of very reasonable SKSs. I mean, I remember when SKSs were under $100, for an SKS, and then you know the reasonable AKs and all that coming in with cheap ammo. Man, it was great. Then they started to ban the import, the ban of Chinese, ban of Russian, and the cheap ammo dried up. The guns that were coming in, the imports like those were dried up. Teddy Nappen 33:56 Apparently, it was in 1989 under Bush, because the shooter used the Chinese AK. Evan Nappen 34:32 Please remember, it was Bush. It was Bush, the Republican, the neocon, and this is one of the things that you got to always remember. Even though they may have the “R” there, they’re not necessarily a friend of the Second Amendment. Teddy Nappen 34:47 Yeah. And then the article tries to highlight more of like 2014 where the annexation of Crimea, the U.S. put sanctions on Russia. So, there goes all the Russian AKs. Evan Nappen 34:57 Well, not just Russian AKs. I mean, we were getting a lot of great guns, really cool guns from Russia, you know. We’re getting SKSs – originals, beautiful guns. I mean, phenomenal. Russian SKSs are probably the best SKS ever made, machined, gorgeous. Mosin-Nagant rifles, right? They were very Page – 12 – of 14 reasonable, and you know, you want to do the enemy at the gates, man. You got your gun and super strong, tough rifles. You know, a lot of great stuff could come in, and now we don’t see it anymore. And prices have skyrocketed. I mean, if you look at SKS prices today, holy crap. You’d be lucky to find a Chinese SKS that you used to be able to buy for less than $100, one in great shape today for 600 bucks, you know? I mean, easily 600, some even more. I’ve seen Russian SKSs pushing $2,000 a piece at the gun show. I mean, the prices are just unbelievable, because the market has a limitation now to the quantity that’s out there. And by the way, there’s probably only a 10th of the amount of Russian SKSs compared to Chinese SKSs. Even with that, the prices are way up there, and one of the reasons is that the SKSs, for example, are excellent functioning rifles. They’re handy. They function great and are very popular. Evan Nappen 36:36 With AKs, you know, there was that whole growth of it, and we were able to have all that great, cheap ammo. Once you got into an introductory, reasonable AK, then you wanted to up your game with other AKs, and all that. But what’s happened is, with the close out of that, we’ve become more, much, much more AR focused. The AR-15 platform, and everything about it. That’s all, a lot of it is U.S. made, and kind of America’s rifle. I would have to say today that America’s rifle, without a doubt, is the AR-15. Teddy Nappen 37:17 I would also say there’s also just the customization, and I think modularity. Evan Nappen 37:23 Its modularity seems to appeal to a lot of gun folks, because you can add and change and put all kinds of whistles and bells. Teddy Nappen 37:32 That also goes to the tone of American culture versus like the Eastern Bloc of the AK 47. We’re very individualistic, where we will make it so it is something that works for us, versus, you know, the AK 47 is designed, it is designed in that shape or form. You can do some small mods, but generally speaking, you pick up an AK 47 it’s, you know, hold it up to another one, like that’s the level of it. Evan Nappen 37:58 That’s an interesting point, Teddy, about how in those countries they don’t. It’s hard to find a Bubba AK in countries where they make the AKs, isn’t it? They don’t Bubbafi much, do they? But we love to modify, change, and customize, and that’s actually a lot of the fun of it. Let’s face it, it’s fun. It’s fun to add the accessories to fit your needs, make it look cooler, make it function better, make it more appropriate for whatever your needs may be. But then again, the anti-gun rights crowd will suddenly take any given feature and demonize certain features. So, if they are intrinsically evil, that if for some reason you have a telescoping stock on your AR or any other semi-auto, because your stock moves one or two inches back and forth, somehow that is such a huge impact on crime. Teddy Nappen 39:09 Or has a barrel shroud, which they can’t define. Page – 13 – of 14 Evan Nappen 39:12 Oh yeah, well, they try to. Remember. Teddy Nappen 39:15 The shoulder thingy that goes up, you know, the seat belt. Evan Nappen 39:18 The shoulder thingy that goes up is a barrel shroud. Isn’t that interesting? These are the experts that are voting for these laws. They have no clue what they’re even voting for, nor do they care. As long as it’s going against gun owners, they’re for it. They don’t care what it is. Teddy Nappen 39:39 Yeah, and I will say, just from the article, like, they try to, of course, they try to say, oh, Trump’s tariffs is what killed the AK market. There’s like also going from Russia, Ukraine, which they tried to say, you, oh, Poland is one of the key suppliers of Ukraine. No, the United States is one of the key suppliers of military to Ukraine. We’ve, you know, what is it, 40 billion, 80 billion, like crazy amounts, like they’re just still in that. And then again, tariffs are non-inflationary. We’ve known that, we’ve proven it. And I love how they try to say, well, we could get more AKs if we removed tariffs on Poland. Evan Nappen 40:21 Well, you know, it’s pretty bad when the Left media is trying to lure removal of tariffs by saying we could get more AKs in the country. That’s a pretty interesting stretch for them. Teddy Nappen 40:34 I know why they’re doing it. They’re trying to turn gun owners. They’re trying their best to turn gun owners into the debt, which is a ridiculous concept. They’ve demonized them, called them racist, call them everything under the sun. So, good luck trying to convince a gun owner to be considered a Democrat. If they are voting Democrat, you’re voting for your own destruction. I’m sorry. Evan Nappen 40:54 And speaking of destruction of gun owners, that is what GOFUs are. GOFU is our Gun Owner Fuck Ups. Every show we like to highlight the GOFU of the week, and this week’s GOFU is something that is constantly coming my way in the practice of law. And some of you listeners may say, yeah, it’s obvious, but I still have to say it because I keep getting case after case after case. It’s real simple, folks. You need to know your state’s gun laws. Most people understand that they need to know their state’s gun laws, but it doesn’t end there. If you travel out of state, you need to know the state’s gun laws that you’re traveling to. I constantly get cases of individuals that come from other states and end up being criminally charged in New Jersey because New Jersey’s gun laws are nothing like the gun laws of the state they were traveling from. The reverse is true, my friends. The reverse is true. Evan Nappen 42:13 You may have a New Jersey carry permit, but you need to know, if you don’t know, that no other state in America is recognized by New Jersey. No other state’s gun license is recognized by New Jersey. New Jersey has no reciprocity per se. When you travel, there are states where you can carry, because Page – 14 – of 14 despite New Jersey not recognizing their carry license, they’re willing to recognize any lawfully issued state carry. Many of the states, over 70% of the land mass in America, is constitutional carry, where as long as you’re law-abiding, you can carry even without a permit. But you still have to know, because I get calls from New Jersey folks that are getting jammed up in other states, making the mistake that others frequently make coming into New Jersey. Evan Nappen 43:24 So, the GOFU is real simple. Know the gun laws. Know the gun laws of the jurisdiction that you are residing in, and know the gun laws of the jurisdiction that you may be traveling in. It’s critical! I see it every day as a classic of virtually all GOFUs. This is Evan Nappen and Teddy Nappen reminding you that gun laws don’t protect honest citizens from criminals. They protect criminals from honest citizens. Speaker 3 44:05 Gun Lawyer is a CounterThink Media production. The music used in this broadcast was managed by Cosmo Music, New York, New York. Reach us by emailing Evan@gun.lawyer. The information and opinions in this broadcast do not constitute legal advice. Consult a licensed attorney in your state. Downloadable PDF TranscriptGun Lawyer S5 E291_Transcript About The HostEvan Nappen, Esq.Known as “America's Gun Lawyer,” Evan Nappen is above all a tireless defender of justice. Author of eight bestselling books and countless articles on firearms, knives, and weapons history and the law, a certified Firearms Instructor, and avid weapons collector and historian with a vast collection that spans almost five decades — it's no wonder he's become the trusted, go-to expert for local, industry and national media outlets. Regularly called on by radio, television and online news media for his commentary and expertise on breaking news Evan has appeared countless shows including Fox News – Judge Jeanine, CNN – Lou Dobbs, Court TV, Real Talk on WOR, It's Your Call with Lyn Doyle, Tom Gresham's Gun Talk, and Cam & Company/NRA News. As a creative arts consultant, he also lends his weapons law and historical expertise to an elite, discerning cadre of movie and television producers and directors, and novelists. He also provides expert testimony and consultations for defense attorneys across America. 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This show has been flagged as Clean by the host. This series is dedicated to exploring little-known—and occasionally useful—trinkets lurking in the dusty corners of UNIX-like operating systems. I would imagine that most users of UNIX-like systems have heard of cron —certainly any system administrator should have. Briefly, cron is a way of running a job repeatedly based on the time and date; for example, a job could run every hour, at 5:00am every Tuesday, or the 3rd of every month. It is commonly used for administrative or maintenance tasks that should be done on a regular schedule, such as checking for software updates, rotating log files, or updating the database for the locate command. As well-known as cron is, there is a similar utility that very few seem to be aware of: at . This is the word "at", and has nothing to do with the at symbol "@". An at job is very much like a cron job, except that an at job only runs one time. A job is submitted by running at timespec 1 , where timespec is the time and date the job is to be run. The linked POSIX specification page describes acceptable formats for timespec ; some examples are " now ", " 14:00 ", " noon tomorrow ", " 14:00 + 3 months ", and " 14:00 January 19, 2038 ". The utility then waits on standard input for you to enter a set of commands to be run in the job. You end input by typing Control-D to mark the end of text. (As an alternative to typing in the job, you could instead use the "

This show has been flagged as Clean by the host. This series is dedicated to exploring little-known—and occasionally useful—trinkets lurking in the dusty corners of UNIX-like operating systems. Let me start by admitting that I've never actually seen the film referenced in the episode title, but I couldn't resist using it anyway. If you've used the UNIX command line to any extent, chances are good that you are familiar with the kill command. A common use is to terminate a misbehaving program. But there is more behind how kill works, including a curio you might not know about. The kill utility works by sending a "signal" to the targeted process. This signal is selected from a pre-defined list, and triggers the process to interrupt its normal flow and handle the signal before potentially returning back to its work. This "signal handler" can do whatever activities are written in its code, but typically it will take actions connected to the purpose of the specific signal received. One option is for the process not to have a signal handler at all; in that case, there is a default action that the operating system will take on behalf of the process, depending on what the signal is. The possible default actions are to terminate the process, take some implementation-defined action (usually writing a core file to disk) and then terminate the process, stop (pause) execution of the process, continue execution of a stopped process, or ignore the signal. By default, kill sends the TERM signal to the process, an indicator that it should terminate. Each signal has a name and a number assigned to it; SIGTERM is the name of the "terminate" signal. You can use the -s option with the name to choose which signal to send. The 'kill' command is specified to take these names without the SIG prefix, though some implementations will accept them either way. Also, kill is supposed to be case-insensitive when it comes to these names, but the convention is to write them in all upper case. The assigned numbers for signals can vary depending on the operating system, and on Linux, depending on what processor architecture you're on. However, there is a short list of signals 1 that have a stable number assigned to them. Despite this, I recommend using the signal name in your scripts to make them clearer and to ensure maximum portability to different systems. Well-behaved programs will have a signal handler that responds to the TERM signal by stopping what they are doing, cleaning up any open resources like temporary files, and promptly exiting. However, not every program behaves well, so sometimes it becomes necessary to send them the KILL signal. This one is special and cannot be handled or ignored by the program 2 ; the operating system will immediately terminate the program, possibly leaving a mess behind. Two other signals that can come in handy sometimes are STOP and CONT. As you might expect, STOP forces a process to pause in the middle of whatever it was doing. Its counterpart, CONT (short for "continue"), causes it to resume execution. This can be useful if a program consumes CPU time when not actually doing anything worthwhile—sending it the STOP signal will end that, and when you're ready to use it again, CONT will cause it to pick up right where it left off. Like the KILL signal, STOP cannot be handled or ignored by the program. I have used this to pause the game FreeCiv when I wanted to break away to do something else, but didn't want to have to deal with exiting my current game and having to reload it later. Take note, though, that the program might get confused if it expects the system clock not to suddenly jump forward, as that is exactly how the situation will appear to it. Network connections or other resources the process is using that change while it is stopped are other potential trouble spots. Also be aware that a stopped graphical program will not update its window, so I find it best to minimize the window before stopping it and then continuing the process before trying to raise the window again. Programs are not necessarily required to interpret signals in the way they are described. For example, the HUP signal was originally intended to be sent when a modem or serial connection hang-up occurred. Today, some daemons use it for other purposes and take a specific action in response. For example, the Apache web server will restart 3 , and NetworkManager will reload its configuration 4 . These uses of signals are usually described in the daemon's manual page, often in a separate section dedicated to signals. While all this background might be interesting (or maybe not), it's pretty commonly known, so isn't really a curio. Our UNIX Curio for today is the "0" signal. This is actually not a signal at all; instead, it tells the kill utility to just check for the existence of a process. If the process exists, kill will exit with a status of 0. If it doesn't exist, the exit status will be greater than 0. This provides a handy way to check whether a particular process is still around. A shell command can use this exit status with its control structures like if to take a particular action depending on whether a particular process exists. Somewhat oddly, "0" is both the number and the name of this pseudo-signal. Why would you want to do this? I have used it for a script to analyze log files that runs daily on a web server. Depending on how much traffic the site is getting, the log files can grow to the point where it takes longer than a day for the script to get through them. If a second instance of the script is started while one is still running, it will slow down both and if more keep being added, eventually the machine will run out of memory. My solution was to create a .pid file containing the process ID number of the running script. You might see examples of these if you look in /run or /var/run on your system. The script creates a file named something like "myscript.pid" in this directory containing its own process ID, which can be accessed in the shell with the variable $$ . When my script starts, it checks to see whether this file exists. If so, it uses kill -s 0 $(cat /run/myscript.pid) to see if the previous process still exists. If the process is no longer around, that's a sign that it exited abnormally before it had the chance to delete the .pid file, so the script removes the abandoned .pid file, replaces it with a new one containing the current process ID, and continues with its work. If the previous process is still around, my script exits with a message to that effect. This way, I can be sure that only one instance of the script will ever be running at one time. Be aware that the kill utility might also return a non-zero exit status if the user running it does not have privileges to send a signal to the process with the specified ID. This is not a concern if you are running a script as the root user, but could be if you are not. This can occur even if you aren't actually sending a signal, just using the "0" pseudo-signal to check if a process exists. There is a weakness in this method. UNIX-like systems generally have a limit to the quantity of process ID numbers that can be issued, so they are reused over time. (However, there will never be two processes with the same ID number running at the same time.) Typically, the first process that is run on start-up will be given the ID number 1, and each subsequent process will get the next higher number. Once the maximum is reached, the system starts again at the beginning with the lowest number not in use. It is possible for the script to crash and leave behind the .pid file, then the same process ID could be recycled and actively used for another program, causing a new instance of the script to give up. The chances of this are small enough that for my purposes, it's not worth worrying about. But you should be aware that it could happen. I should also note that it's not strictly necessary to use kill for the purpose I described. The ps utility can also be given a process ID with the -p option; if the process exists, the exit status will be 0, otherwise it will be greater than 0. In this case, you could also use the output to check that the name of the command matches what you expect, helping avoid the problem of a recycled process ID. In addition, ps doesn't concern itself with permissions for sending signals, so it will report on the existence of a process no matter what user you are running it as. From an efficiency standpoint, kill generally requires fewer resources to run (in fact, it is built in to some shells), but functionally ps can also do the job. So keep in mind that kill is capable of doing more than just killing off programs—maybe you can put it to one of these uses for your needs. References: Kill specification https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/009695399/utilities/kill.html signal.h specification https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/009695399/basedefs/signal.h.html Stopping and Restarting Apache HTTP Server https://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/stopping.html#hup NetworkManager: Signals https://networkmanager.dev/docs/api/latest/NetworkManager.html#id-1.2.2.9 Appendix 1 - example script: #!/bin/sh # Use your own unique name here - be sure you can write to this location pidfile="/var/run/myscript.pid" # Exit if previous run hasn't completed yet if [ -f "$pidfile" ] ; then oldpid=$(cat "$pidfile") if kill -s 0 $oldpid ; then echo "${0}: Not running script, older process $oldpid still active" exit 1 else echo "${0}: Removing old pidfile from nonexistent process $oldpid" rm -f "$pidfile" fi fi # Create pidfile echo $$ > "$pidfile" ## Insert commands to do the actual work of the script here # Remove pidfile rm -f "$pidfile" Appendix 2 - another version of the script using ps instead of kill , checking that an existing process ID is actually the same command, and with extra validation of the contents of the pidfile; perhaps better for use by a non-root user: #!/bin/sh # Use your own unique name here - be sure you can write to this location pidfile="$HOME/myscript.pid" # Exit if previous run hasn't completed yet if [ -f "$pidfile" ] ; then oldpid=$(( 1 * $(cat "$pidfile") )) if [ -n "$oldpid" ] && [ "$oldpid" -gt 1 ] ; then : else echo "${0}: Not running script, $pidfile contents invalid" exit 1 fi # Test if old process ID exists if oldcmd="$( ps -o comm= -p $oldpid )" && # Also test if command name of old process is same as current script [ "$oldcmd" = "${0##*/}" ] ; then echo "${0}: Not running script, older process $oldpid still active" exit 1 else echo "${0}: Removing old pidfile from nonexistent process $oldpid" rm -f "$pidfile" fi fi # Create pidfile echo $$ > "$pidfile" ## Insert commands to do the actual work of the script here # Remove pidfile rm -f "$pidfile" Provide feedback on this episode.

This show has been flagged as Clean by the host. This series is dedicated to exploring little-known—and occasionally useful—trinkets lurking in the dusty corners of UNIX-like operating systems. When you think about creating and managing archives on a UNIX system, tar is probably the utility that comes to mind. But this was not the first archiving program; ar was in First Edition UNIX 1 and cpio also pre-dates it, sort of 2 . According to the NetBSD manual page, cpio was developed within AT&T before tar , but did not get widely released until System III UNIX after tar was already well known from the earlier release of Seventh Edition UNIX (a.k.a. Version 7). You might think that ar and cpio are old and irrelevant these days, but these formats do live on. Each Debian package file 3 is an ar archive which in turn contains two tar files. On Red Hat, Fedora, SUSE, and some other distributions, each .rpm package file 4 contains a cpio payload. So these may very well still be in use on your modern Linux system. But let's get back to the subject of what you might want to use to create archives today. The tar utility has persisted in its popularity over the decades, and you most probably have a version installed on your UNIX-like systems. One of the problems with tar , however, is that it has not kept a consistent file format. Also, different implementations have used differing syntax at times. There are excellent reasons for the file format changing 5 . The names people give files have gotten longer over time, and the original Seventh Edition tar format could only handle a total pathname length of 100 bytes for each archive member. In addition, filenames were in ASCII format, and modern filesystems now accommodate richer encodings with characters that aren't in ASCII. The size of each archive member was limited to 8 gigabytes—unthinkably large back then, but not so big these days. User and group ownership could only be specified by numeric ID, which can vary from one system to another. Many other types of files and information simply couldn't be stored: block and character device nodes, FIFOs, sockets, extended attributes, access control lists, and SELinux contexts. As a result, the tar format had to evolve over the years. One important version was the ustar format, created for the 1988 POSIX standard. The POSIX committee wanted to try standardizing both the file format and syntax for the tar command. While the ustar format addressed some shortcomings, progress marched on. Filesystems started allowing filenames in different character sets and more types of information to be attached to files, so for the 2001 revision of POSIX they gave up on standardizing the tar utility and came up with a new format and utility, which is our actual UNIX Curio for this episode: pax 6 . Since the pax program didn't have historical baggage, they could specify its options, behavior, and file format and be sure everyone's implementation would match. Developers of different tar implementations had been reluctant to change away from their historical option syntax to the standard. The pax utility was also an attempt to avoid taking sides between those who advocated for tar and fans of cpio . The pax file format was an extension of ustar with the ability to add arbitrary new attributes tied to each archive member as UTF-8 Unicode. Some of these attribute names were standardized, but implementers could also define their own, making the format more future-proof. Older versions of tar that could handle the ustar format should still be able to process pax archives, but might not know what to do with the extra attributes. GNU tar developed its current archive format 7 alongside the standardization of the ustar format. The GNU format was based on an early draft which later underwent incompatible changes, so the two unfortunately are not interchangable. Unlike ustar , the GNU format has no limits on the size of files or the length of their names. In addition to its own format, GNU tar is able to detect and correctly process both ustar and pax archives. In situations where its native format can't store necessary information about a file (such as POSIX access control lists or extended attributes), GNU tar will automatically output the pax format instead (called "posix" in documentation). However, it still uses the GNU format by default, though the documentation has been threatening to move to the POSIX format for at least 20 years 8 . The good news is that the ustar , pax , GNU tar , and Seventh Edition tar formats are well documented and utilities across many UNIX-like systems 2,7,9,10,11 are able to handle these, depending on which formats existed when the utility was developed. While your system may not have pax itself installed, there are other archiving utilities that can read the file format, including GNU tar . (Somewhat amusingly, Debian and some other Free Software operating systems package a pax utility developed by MirBSD 12 which largely follows the POSIX-specified interface, but doesn't support reading or writing archives in pax format!) Look at the manual page for the tar , cpio , or pax utilities on your system to see if they can handle pax archives. Perhaps one aspect that has worked in favor of tar and other UNIX archive formats is that they only concern themselves with storing files and make no attempt at compression. Instead, it is common for a complete archive file to be compressed after creation; many utilities can be told to do this step for you, but it is not typically the default behavior. Therefore, if a better compression method comes along, the archive format doesn't need to change. If you do use compression, be careful to choose a method that is available on the destination system. Compressing files is a big enough subject to deserve its own episode, so we won't talk more about it here. So which format should you use when creating an archive? Unfortunately, there is no single answer that applies in all circumstances. The pax format is supported among modern UNIX-like systems and can represent all types of files and metadata. While other systems, their filesystems, and archive utilities might not be able to properly make use of all the metadata, they should at least be able to extract the data contained in files and, if Unicode is supported, give them appropriate filenames. If you intend to unpack the archive on an older system, more research might be needed to figure out what formats it is able to handle. The Seventh Edition tar format (often called "v7") is widely supported, including by older systems, but has limitations in what it can contain as described earlier. Moving beyond the UNIX world, things get even more complicated. Apple's macOS, with its FreeBSD underpinnings, easily handles tar files. However, when it comes to MS-DOS and Windows, it's a bit different. There, a multitude of archiving programs and formats arose, usually combining archiving with compression. PKZIP was probably the most popular of these and its .zip format became common in many places, helped by the fact that PKWARE openly published the specification. While there is only a single .zip format, it has many options, some proprietary, and different implementations have diverged in the way some aspects are handled (or not handled). An ISO/IEC standard for .zip 13 was published in 2015 giving a baseline profile, and sticking to it produces files that can be widely extracted successfully. Other file formats like OpenDocument use the .zip format and typically hew to the standardized profile. Windows' File Explorer, starting with Windows XP, can natively extract .zip files 14 . The Info-ZIP program 15 is a Free Software implementation for a wide variety of systems (even rather obscure ones); while it might not be installed on yours, if you're copying the archive file over, you can probably copy over its unzip utility at the same time to unpack it. So .zip probably has the broadest support, although it might not already be present on every system. However, as Klaatu points out in Hacker Public Radio episode 4557 16 , .zip files and applications handling them aren't always great at maintaining metadata about files. The .zip format doesn't seem to have any way to represent UNIX file permissions, and user/group ownership can only be included as numeric IDs. Other types of metadata on UNIX-like systems are not saved at all. This is probably not a problem in some cases, such as with a collection of photos, but for others it might be a concern. While pax as a utility does not seem to have gained much popularity or support, except on commercial UNIX systems where including it was required to conform to the POSIX standard, its file format has persisted. Free Software systems have generally avoided the pax interface, preferring to stick with the tar utility on the command line, but usually have good support for archive files in the pax format. Outside of UNIX-like systems, .zip seems to have become the most common file format, and support for it is also good in the UNIX world, though it might not be built in. References: Archive (library) file format https://man.cat-v.org/unix-1st/5/archive NetBSD 10.0 cpio manual page https://man.netbsd.org/NetBSD-10.0/cpio.1 Debian binary package format https://manpages.debian.org/trixie/dpkg-dev/deb.5.en.html RPM V6 Package format https://rpm.org/docs/6.0.x/manual/format_v6.html NetBSD 10.0 libarchive-formats manual page https://man.netbsd.org/NetBSD-10.0/libarchive-formats.5 Pax specification https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/009695399/utilities/pax.html GNU tar manual https://www.gnu.org/software/tar/manual/tar.html GNU tar manual for version 1.15.90 https://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/*checkout*/tar/tar/manual/tar.html?revision=1.3 FreeBSD 15.0 libarchive-formats manual page https://man.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=libarchive-formats&sektion=5&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+15.0-RELEASE+and+Ports OpenBSD 7.8 tar manual page https://man.openbsd.org/OpenBSD-7.8/tar HP-UX Reference (11i v3 07/02) - 1 User Commands N-Z (vol 2) https://support.hpe.com/hpesc/public/docDisplay?docId=c01922474&docLocale=en_US MirBSD pax(1) manual page http://www.mirbsd.org/htman/i386/man1/pax.htm#Sh.STANDARDS ISO/IEC 21320-1:2015 Information technology - Document Container File Part 1: Core https://www.iso.org/standard/60101.html Mastering File Compression on Windows https://windowsforum.com/threads/mastering-file-compression-on-windows-how-to-zip-and-unzip-files-effortlessly.369235/ About Info-ZIP https://infozip.sourceforge.net/ HPR4557::Why I prefer tar to zip https://hackerpublicradio.org/eps/hpr4557/index.html Provide feedback on this episode.

This show has been flagged as Clean by the host. This series is dedicated to exploring little-known—and occasionally useful—trinkets lurking in the dusty corners of UNIX-like operating systems. Imagine, if you will, a Jane Austen novel about three sisters. The first is well-known and celebrated by everyone; the second, while slightly smarter and more capable, is significantly less popular; and the third languishes in near-total isolation and obscurity. These three sisters live on any UNIX-like system, and their names are grep , egrep , and fgrep . We will assume you are already familiar with grep — egrep works pretty much the same, except she handles e xtended regular expression syntax. (When writing shell scripts intended to be portable, be careful to call egrep if your expression uses + , ? , | , or braces as metacharacters. Some versions of GNU grep make no distinction between basic and extended regular expressions, so you may be surprised when your script works on one system but not another.) But our subject for today is poor, unnoticed fgrep . While the plainest sister of the three, she really doesn't deserve to be ignored. The "f" in her name stands either for f ixed-string or f ast, depending on who you ask. She does not handle regular expressions at all; the pattern she is given is taken literally. This is a great advantage when what you are searching for contains characters having special meaning in a regular expression. Suppose you have a directory full of PHP scripts and want to find references to an array element called $tokens[0] . You can try grep (note that the single quotes are necessary to prevent the shell from interpreting $tokens as a shell variable): $ grep '$tokens[0]' *.php But there is no output. The reason is that the brackets have special significance to grep ; [0] is interpreted as a character class containing only 0. Therefore, this command looks for the string $tokens0 , which is not what we want. We would have to escape the brackets with backslashes to get the correct match (some implementations may require you to escape the dollar sign also): $ grep '$tokens[0]' *.php parser.php: $outside[] = $tokens[0]; Instead of fooling with all that escaping (which might get tedious if our pattern contains many special characters), we can just use fgrep instead: $ fgrep '$tokens[0]' *.php parser.php: $outside[] = $tokens[0]; One place where fgrep can be particularly handy is when searching through log files for IP addresses. With ordinary grep , the pattern 43.2.1.0 would match 43.221.0.123, 43.2.110.123, and a bunch of other IP addresses you're not interested in because the dot metacharacter will match any character. To make sure you only matched a literal dot you'd have to escape each one with a backslash or, better yet, use fgrep . But what about the claim that fgrep is fast? On GNU systems, there is usually one single binary that changes its behavior depending on whether it is called as grep , egrep , or fgrep . (Actually, this is in line with the POSIX standard 1 , which deprecates egrep and fgrep in favor of a single grep command taking the -E option for using extended regular expressions and the -F option for doing fixed-string searches.) In testing, we found that when specifying a single pattern on the command line, fgrep wasn't really any faster than grep . However, when using the -f option to specify a file containing a list of a couple dozen patterns, fgrep could consistently produce a 20% time savings. On systems where grep and fgrep are different binaries, there can potentially be a more dramatic difference in speed and even memory usage. In our hypothetical Austen novel, the neglected sister would probably be driven to a bad end, to be only spoken of afterward in hushed whispers. Don't let that happen! Whenever you need to search for a string, but don't require the power of regular expressions, get into the habit of calling on fgrep . She can be very helpful and deserves more attention than she gets. You'll save yourself the trouble of worrying about metacharacters and maybe some running time as well. References: Grep specification https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/009695399/utilities/grep.html#tag_04_63_18 This article was originally written in June 2010. The podcast episode was recorded in February 2026. Provide feedback on this episode.

Con María González López, responsable de Curio Formación conocemos más sobre este centro que trabaja con alumnos desde infantil hasta universidad, que desarrolla actividades extraescolares en colegios y que además está apostando por áreas como la robótica, la programación o la inteligencia artificial. Cuenta con centros en Ciudad Real y Bolaños y tienen previsto una próxima apertura en Puertollano. 

This show has been flagged as Clean by the host. This is the first column in a series dedicated to exploring little-known—and occasionally useful—trinkets lurking in the dusty corners of UNIX-like operating systems. This month's column was inspired by an article on the Linux Journal web site 1 describing a custom-built script that would contain a binary tar archive and, when run, would extract the contents onto the user's system. Upon reading this, memories immediately came rushing back of the days of Usenet, before MIME-encoded e-mail made sending file attachments standard 2 , and where we walked ten miles each way to school (uphill both ways!) in three feet of snow. Yes, at that time, you had to put everything into the body of your message. But what if you needed to send a bunch of files to someone? There was tar , but the format differed between systems, and e-mail and Usenet could only reliably handle 7-bit plain-text ASCII anyhow. You could send separate e-mail messages (but what if one goes missing?) or put "CUT HERE" lines to designate where one file ends and another one begins (tedious for the recipient). The solution was a shell archive created by the shar program. This wraps all your files in a neat shell script that the recipient can just run and have the files magically pop out. All he needs is the Bourne shell and the sed utility, both standard on any UNIX-like system. Suppose you had a directory named "foo" containing the files bar.c, bar.h, and bar.txt, and wanted to send these. All you'd need to do is run the following command, and your archive is on its way. $ shar foo foo/* | mail -s "Foo 1.0 files" bob@example.com When the recipient runs the resulting script, it will create the foo directory and copy out the files onto his system. You can also pick and choose files; if you wanted to leave out bar.txt, you could do shar foo foo/bar.c foo/bar.h or, more simply, shar foo foo/bar.? . Different versions of shar have varying capabilities. For example, the BSD 3 and OS X 4 editions can only really manage plain-text files. If you had a binary object file bar.o, it'd likely get mangled somewhere along the way if you tried to include it in an archive. They also require, as in the examples above, that you name a directory before naming any files inside it (the typical way is to let the find command do the work for you; it produces a list in the right order). The GNU implementation is more flexible and can take just a directory name, automatically including everything underneath. It can also handle binary files by using uuencode—a method for encoding data as ASCII that predated the current base64 MIME standard. GNU shar rather nicely auto-detects whether the input file is text or binary and acts accordingly, and can even compress files if asked. However, unpacking encoded or compressed files from such an archive requires the recipient to have the corresponding decode/uncompress utility, and the documentation is littered with (now somewhat anachronistic) warnings about this 5 . Looking at other UNIX systems, the HP-UX version 6 also can uuencode binary files, and as a special bonus adds logic to the script that will compile and use a simple uudecode tool if the recipient doesn't already have one. It will even handle device files and put the corresponding mknod commands into the script, probably making it the most full-featured implementation of all. IBM's AIX doesn't appear to come with shar . Neither do SunOS and Solaris, which seems quite odd as original development of the program is credited to James Gosling 5 ! And so we bid farewell to shar . Next time you're considering rolling your own script for a particular purpose, consider whether such a tool might already exist, just waiting on your system for you to use it. References: Add a Binary Payload to your Shell Scripts https://www.linuxjournal.com/content/add-binary-payload-your-shell-scripts MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions) Part One https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1521 BSD shar manual page https://man.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=shar&sektion=1&manpath=4.4BSD+Lite2 macOS 26.2 shar manual page https://man.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=shar&sektion=1&manpath=macOS+26.2 GNU shar utilities manual https://www.gnu.org/software/sharutils/manual/sharutils.html HP-UX Reference (11i v3 07/02) - 1 User Commands N-Z (vol 2) https://support.hpe.com/hpesc/public/docDisplay?docId=c01922474&docLocale=en_US This article was originally written in May 2010. The podcast episode was recorded in February 2026. Provide feedback on this episode.

In this episode, Rob Tod shares the fascinating history of Allagash Brewing, from its humble beginnings to its status as a craft beer pioneer. We delve into the company's innovative brewing practices, barrel-aging adventures, and commitment to community and education. Whether you're a beer enthusiast or industry veteran, Rob's insights will inspire your own brewing journey.Key Topics:The origins of Allagash Brewing and its early challenges (200 years from Maine, 1995 founding)The impact of DC's craft beer scene on Allagash's growthBalancing bottle versus can: Rob's perspective on tasting differencesThe significance of barrel aging in creating complex, spontaneous fermented beers like Curio and InterludeThe evolution of small-batch experimentation at Allagash, including pilot batches on a 10-gallon systemThe company's approach to launching small batches and festivals like Saison Day to educate and celebrateStrategies for perseverance and growth through industry challenges over 28 yearsThe future of Allagash: innovation, new styles, and continued community engagementPersonal anecdotes from Rob's trips, including Belgium, Fort Kent, Maine, and iconic DC breweriesResources & Links:Allagash BrewingSaison Day at BluejacketCurieux – Barrel-Aged TripelInterlude – Wild Fermented BeerJim Beam Bourbon BarrelsBelgian Beer FestivalsCommunity & Events:Black Brewers' Cheers & Beers with Metro Bar - May 22Friday Beer Share at Right Proper, Brookland - May 20Follow what's happening in the DC scene at DCBeer.com and @dcbeer on social media. Support us at Patreon.com/DCBeer Thanks to our monthly supporters Sean Whipkey Randy Mills Ryan Llalan Fowler Michael Losi Adam Heisenberg Brian Jeff Lucas Micaela Carrazco Lauren Sean Moffitt Anthony Scipione johnna infanti Catherine Ramirez Kristin Adam Frank Tyler Lynch Jared Prager Jeff Michael O'Connor Favio Garcia Josh Ellen Daniels Juan Deliz Mike Lastort James Wisnieski Chris Frome Sam Chip Tory Roberts Chris DeLoose Lauren Cary Clifton B Scott Pavlica Greg Antrim jeffrey garrison Alexis Smith Dan Goldbeck Anthony Budny Greg Parnas Frank Chang Mikahl Tolton Kim Klyberg Chris Girardot Alyssa jeffrey katz Andrew MacWilliams Jamie Jackson Meegan Mike Rucki Jason Tucker Nick Gardner Amber Farris Sarah Ray Peter Jones Blue2026 Brad Stengel Bill and Karen Butcher Jordan Harvey Stephen Claeys Julie Verratti DFA Howie Kendrick

This show has been flagged as Clean by the host. This series is dedicated to exploring little-known—and occasionally useful—trinkets lurking in the dusty corners of UNIX-like operating systems. As the zeroth entry of this series, we'll have a little introduction to what it is supposed to be about and why you might want to listen. So that you don't leave without getting at least one piece of useful information, it will end with a little curio that you might find helpful someday. Back in 2010, I was the editor of the newsletter, titled The Open Pitt, for the Western Pennsylvania Linux Users Group in Pittsburgh. We distributed it as a two-page PDF, so had to have enough material to fill each issue. Because we were having some trouble getting contributions, I started writing columns in a series called "UNIX Curio" to occupy the empty space. They were inspired in large part by examples I had seen of people re-inventing ways to do things when utilities for the same purpose had already existed for a long time. The obvious question is: just what is a UNIX Curio? Let's start with the first word, UNIX. While a lot of people write it "Unix" instead, I have chosen to put it in all capitals because that is the way The Open Group, which controls the trademark and the certification process to use it, spells the word 1 . The history of UNIX is complex (search online for more details 2 )—the short version is that many variants emerged, often introducing incompatibilities. Even within AT&T/Bell Laboratories, two major branches came out. The Research UNIX lineage, which includes Seventh Edition (sometimes called Version 7), was often used in universities and government while System III and its more popular successor System V were clearly intended as commercial products 3 . The University of California's BSD was also very influential. My intention is to talk about things that are relatively common; ideally, they would be present on a large majority of systems so you can actually use them. Luckily, there were people who recognized the value in compatibility, so in the mid-1980s they initiated the development of the POSIX standards 4 . Publication of these not only caused commercial UNIX versions to aim for conformance—it gave Free Software implementations of utilities and operating systems a stable base to shoot for rather than having to chase multiple moving targets. As a result, today's GNU/Linux, FreeBSD, NetBSD, and OpenBSD systems generally behave as specified in POSIX, even if they haven't officially earned the UNIX or POSIX labels, so I treat them as part of the UNIX world. Moving on to the second word, "curio," it just means "an object of curiosity, often one considered novel, rare, or bizarre." There are many well-used utilities in the UNIX world, but people forget about others because they are only useful in specific circumstances. And when those circumstances arise, these obscure ones don't always get remembered. One purpose of this series is to point out some of them and describe where they can be appropriately put to use. With the flexible tools available on UNIX systems and the ability to string them together, it shouldn't be surprising that people come up with new ways to accomplish a task. I don't want to claim that these curios are always the best way to do something, just that it can be helpful to know they exist and see the way someone else solved the problem. Also, if you're using an unfamiliar system, sometimes programs you are accustomed to employing might not be installed so it's good to know about options that are widely available. So why am I the person to talk about this subject? I am not a UNIX graybeard with decades of professional computing experience. If I did grow a beard, it would only be partially gray, and my working life has been spent in the engineering world mainly around safety equipment. Sadly, there I have been forced to use Windows almost exclusively. However, in my academic and personal pursuits, I have been involved with using UNIX and Linux for more than 30 years, so I do have a bit of a historical perspective. For some reason, when I encounter an unusual or obscure tool, I want to learn more about it, especially so if I find it to be useful in some way. After gaining that information, I might as well share it with you. In addition, I have been involved with Toastmasters International, a public speaking organization, for about 15 years so I have experience in presenting things orally. I was inspired to turn this article series into podcasts by murph 5 , who delivered a presentation at the 2025 OLF Conference describing how and why to contribute to Hacker Public Radio 6 . The show notes for curios 1 through 3 will consist of the articles as they were originally written (though with references added). Because some examples, especially code, can be difficult to understand when they are read out loud, the podcasts will sometimes present the information in a different way. Show notes for this curio 0 and for curios 4 and later will be written with the podcast format in mind, so they will more closely match what I say. Let's end with an actual curio to kick off the series. Have you ever needed a quick reminder about whether the file you're looking for can be found under the /usr or /var directories? On many UNIX systems, man hier will give you an overview of how the file hierarchy is organized. This manual page is not a standard, but was present in Seventh Edition UNIX 7 and many descendents, direct and indirect, including every Linux distribution I have ever used. There are attempts to standardize the layout; in the Linux world, the Filesystem Hierarchy Standard (FHS) 8 , now hosted by Freedesktop.org 9 , intends to set a path to be followed. It should be noted that systemd has its own idea of how things should be laid out based on the FHS; if it is in use, try man file-hierarchy instead as it will likely be a more accurate description. I hope this gives you a good idea of what to expect in future episodes. The first one will be about shell archives, so keep an eye on Hacker Public Radio's schedule for it to appear. References: The Open Group Trademarks https://www.opengroup.org/trademarks History of Unix https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Unix The Unix Tutorial, Part 3 https://archive.org/details/byte-magazine-1983-10/page/n133/mode/2up POSIX Impact https://sites.google.com/site/jimisaak/posix-impact Correspondent: murph https://hackerpublicradio.org/correspondents/0444.html OLF Conference - December 6th, 2025 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hyEunLtqbrA&t=25882 File system hierarchy https://man.cat-v.org/unix_7th/7/hier Finding a successor to the FHS https://lwn.net/Articles/1032947/ Freedesktop.org now hosts the Filesystem Hierarchy Standard https://lwn.net/Articles/1045405/ Provide feedback on this episode.

O programa Assunto Nosso dessa edição contou com a presença de Tanise Curio Mattos, Ticiano Marins e Fernando Rabuske.

O programa Assunto Nosso dessa edição contou com a presença de Tanise Curio Mattos, Ticiano Marins e Fernando Rabuske.

This episode of The Green Insider featured an interview with Rod Baltzer, President and CEO of Deep Isolation, who discussed the company’s innovative approach to nuclear waste disposal using horizontal drilling techniques. Rod explained Deep Isolation’s solution for spent nuclear fuel disposal and their global consultancy work in nuclear decommissioning and waste management, highlighting projects in various countries and their collaboration with national radioactive waste management organizations Deep Isolation's Solution Proposes a less expensive, faster alternative using small, modular, and transportable disposal systems. Utilizes directional drilling to bury canisters with spent fuel up to 2 miles underground. Each borehole can be drilled in under 2 months, holds about 200 canisters, and 20 boreholes can accommodate 60 years of fuel from a large reactor. Global Consultancy Projects Deep Isolation consults internationally, including with the UK Decommissioning Authority, Estonia, Croatia, Slovenia, and Bulgaria. Recent work includes a U.S. grant to help Bulgaria align its regulations with International Atomic Energy Agency standards. Nuclear Waste Management Focus Consultancy covers regulatory gap analysis, geology, waste form safety, and economics. Collaborate's with national waste management organizations and advanced reactor companies like Kairos and Curio. Nuclear Energy's Role in Sustainability Nuclear energy is seen as essential for meeting future energy demands, especially for AI and data centers. Acceptance of nuclear energy depends on effective waste disposal solutions and public perception. European regulations penalize new nuclear projects without operational disposal facilities by 2050. Universal Canister System Deep Isolation's universal canister allows storage, transport, and disposal without repackaging, reducing costs and worker risk. Small Modular Reactors (SMRs) SMRs offer market expansion potential due to their transportability and efficient construction. Deep Isolation can design disposal solutions for various SMR waste types, supporting both co-located and centralized repositories. The discussion concluded with insights on the future of nuclear energy, including its role in meeting growing energy demands and the importance of developing disposal solutions to increase its acceptance, with plans for a full-scale demonstration project in 2026. To be an Insider Please subscribe to The Green Insider powered by ERENEWABLE wherever you get your podcast from and remember to leave us a five-star rating. This podcast is sponsored by UTSI International. To learn more about our sponsor or ask about being a sponsor, contact ERENEWABLE and the Green Insider Podcast. The post An Innovative Nuclear Waste Disposal Solution appeared first on eRENEWABLE.

This week on The Curious Builder Podcast, Mark welcomes Amanda Birnie of Curio Rugs—a one-time wedding photographer turned full-time rug curator and entrepreneur. Amanda walks us through the early chaos of launching her business during the pandemic, why she believes rugs are personal works of art, and how sourcing trips, storytelling, and small-business hustle helped her carve out a niche in a saturated industry. It's real, raw, and ridiculously fun (with bonus talk of doc martens, rug mediums, and a few true crime vibes). Support the show - https://www.curiousbuilderpodcast.com/shop See our upcoming live events - https://www.curiousbuilderpodcast.com/events The host of the Curious Builder Podcast is Mark D. Williams, the founder of Mark D. Williams Custom Homes Inc. They are an award-winning Twin Cities-based home builder, creating quality custom homes and remodels — one-of-a-kind dream homes of all styles and scopes. Whether you're looking to reimagine your current space or start fresh with a new construction, we build homes that reflect how you live your everyday life. Sponsors for the Episode:  Pella Website: https://www.pella.com/ppc/professionals/why-wood/  Adaptive  Website: https://referrals.adaptive.build/u8Gkiaev  Sauna Camp Website: https://www.saunacamps.com/ Where to find the Guest:  Website: https://www.curiorugs.com Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/curio_rugs Where to find the Host:  Website - https://www.mdwilliamshomes.com/  Podcast Website - https://www.curiousbuilderpodcast.com Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/markdwilliams_customhomes/  Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/MarkDWilliamsCustomHomesInc/  LinkedIn - https://www.linkedin.com/in/mark-williams-968a3420/  Houzz - https://www.houzz.com/pro/markdwilliamscustomhomes/mark-d-williams-custom-homes-inc

In this special episode, author, curator, and archaelogist Dan Hicks joins EMPIRE LINES live, to trace the origins of contemporary conflicts over art, history, memory, and colonialism, through their book, Every Monument Will Fall (2025).This episode was recorded live at Curio at Common Ground in Oxford in October 2025. Find all the information in the first Instagram post: instagram.com/p/DN0R3hN2ExOEvery Monument Will Fall: A Story of Remembering and Forgetting by Dan Hicks is published by Penguin, and available in all good bookshops and online.Hear artist Pio Abad on Giolo's Lament (2023) at the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford: pod.link/1533637675/episode/1e7df6b20f9c99aae3e4df96f50913cfRead about Ali Cherri's 2025 exhibitions, How I Am Monument at the Baltic Centre for Contemporary Art in Gateshead, and Vingt-quatre fantômes par seconde (Twenty-four Ghosts Per Second) at the Bourse de Commerce in Paris, in the Burlington Contemporary: contemporary.burlington.org.uk/articles/articles/ali-cherriFor more about Octavia Butler, hear artist Pamela Phatsimo Sunstrum on It Will End in Tears (2024), at the Barbican in London: pod.link/1533637675/episode/6e9a8b8725e8864bc4950f259ea89310And read about the exhibition, in gowithYamo: gowithyamo.com/blog/pamela-phatsimo-sunstrum-barbicanPRODUCER: Jelena Sofronijevic.Follow EMPIRE LINES on Instagram: ⁠⁠instagram.com/empirelinespodcast⁠⁠Support EMPIRE LINES on Patreon: ⁠⁠patreon.com/empirelines

Send us a textAs the RSC's Twelfth Night heads to the Barbican Theatre for a festive run, we are joined by veteran actor Norman Bowman. Known for seamlessly bridging the worlds of musicals and plays, Norman's career has taken him from the West End to the Donmar Warehouse to the RSC. Hailing from Arbroath, his journey is one of continuous growth and reinvention, tackling everything from tap shoes to the complexities of Shakespearean verse. As he continues to play Antonio, he shares with us his experience working with actor / director / doctor Prassana Puwanarajah and also about welcoming in new actors such as Daniel Monks to the rehearsal room for the Barbican run.In our interview with Norman Bowman, we discuss his return to the role of Antonio in the RSC's transfer of Twelfth Night to the Barbican. Having previously played Curio in a previous production, Norman tells us about his love for this show and the various characters within the world that Shakespeare has created. Having started off his career in musicals, we also talk about his recent turn as Archie in Regent's Park Open Air Theatre's landmark revival of Brigadoon. Throughout our conversation, Norman is humble about the longevity of his career which has taken him from the like of Les Miserables and Guys and Dolls to Twelfth Night which sees him reunite with Samuel West and Freema Agyeman following last year's acclaimed Stratford run.Twelfth Night runs at Barbican Theatre until 17 January 2026

Paul Blackstone, longtime education operator and founder of SummitLearn, joins Jeremy Au to unpack his path from running a small health-food shop in Australia to leading one of China's largest English-learning organizations and advising education companies worldwide. He shares how early failures taught him to learn fast, why teaching adults unlocked his passion for human development, and how China's boom years shaped his leadership approach. They discuss how culture and discipline drive scale more than perfect products, why schools struggle to build creativity and mindset, and how parents can raise independent kids in an AI-first world. Their conversation explores the tension between academic metrics and behavioral growth, the power of founder-led culture in scaling teams, and why entrepreneurship can thrive both inside companies and in startup life. Paul also reflects on world-schooling his children, building Curio to fill classroom gaps, and why resilient learners will define the next generation. 01:20 Teaching sparks purpose: Paul discovers a powerful energy exchange with adult learners which anchors his lifelong commitment to education. 03:42 Early founder hardship builds awareness: Running a health-food shop from age 24 forces him to confront gaps in knowledge and learn real operational discipline. 07:14 A mis-hire becomes a breakthrough: Rejected as a teacher, Paul is instead hired as center manager and sent to Barcelona which launches his education leadership journey. 12:05 China becomes the rocket ship: Beijing's hypergrowth teaches him how culture, discipline and incentives scale teams faster than perfect pedagogy. 16:31 Performance culture drives results: Paul learns that resilient teams, strong habits and founder-aligned values matter more than any technical playbook. 22:21 Curio fills a missing layer: Seeing schools overlook mindset, creativity and curiosity, he creates a program that develops behavioral skills for children across multiple countries. 26:36 Independence shapes future learners: A year of world-schooling shows him that real-world exposure and discomfort accelerate resilience and academic growth. Watch, listen or read the full insight at https://www.bravesea.com/blog/paul-blackstone-mindset-over-method #EdTechLeadership #FounderJourney #ChinaHypergrowth #MindsetMatters #ParentingAndLearning #GlobalEducation #ScalingStartups #FutureOfLearning #EntrepreneurialMindset #BRAVEpodcast

There's a guy in St. Louis who's made full Christmas villages in his basement, and we want to meet him. Also, find out why Space Jam is not coming to the Muny this year, and in fact, was never suggested by anyone to be a stage play ever.

Everyone's been talking about China's hotel growth — but the real story right now might be happening in India. I caught up with Bruce Ford of Lodging Econometrics about how India has quietly become one of the world's fastest-growing hotel markets, and why nearly every major Western brand now has an expansion plan there. We break it all down on #NoVacancyNews, from the rise of soft brands and master franchise deals to how conversions and white-label management are fueling a development surge that's doubling the country's pipeline in just two years.

Wendy Bronfein is the Co-Founder, Chief Brand Officer and Director of Public Policy at Curio Wellness, Maryland's leading medical cannabis company, where she focuses on driving the company's legislative agenda across multiple states and building the Curio brand. Wendy made the leap into the medical marijuana space after a long career in television. She was Creative Director of On-Air Promotions at LIVE! With Kelly & Michael and was a Managing Producer at BBC Worldwide Americas from 2006-2010. She has also served in various freelance production roles in New York and Los Angeles working on shows such as The Andy Milonakis Show, Wanda Does it, and The Sharon Osbourne Show.

We're Back! With a heist... with Dog-NPCS?!... Gameplay @ 3:35 Using Daggerheart by Darrington Press and Critical Role! #daggerheart #darringtonpress #criticalrole  Visit our Patreon ~ patreon.com/TheatreoftheMindFlayer   Due to the improv nature of RPG content, some themes and situations that occur in-game may be difficult for some. If certain episodes or scenes become uncomfortable or traumatic, we strongly suggest taking a break or skipping the episode. Always look to a professional if concerned about your mental health.   Follow us on Instagram: @theatreofthemindflayer   And Bluesky: @mindflayerpod.bsky.social   Contact us at: theatreofthemindflayer@gmail.com   Jacob Machin is our DM: @jacob.ryan.machin   Peg Leg Pete is played by Danielle Butlin: @danielle.butlin   Anna Lou is played by Hercules Mayes: @theballadofherculesmayes   Lucky is played by Brandon McEwan: @ brandonmcewaan  

The Class of 2027 Scholarship Navigator program provides: • Prep to apply for the FULL-RIDE Coolidge Scholarship. Students in the program have the option to participate in a book club/study to prepare to apply for this amazing scholarship opportunity! • Bi-weekly webinars: A new topic or scholarship will be covered in depth during these live webinars. Plus, time will be allotted for Q&A. • Online Support: You'll have direct email access to Dave The Scholarship Coach, a seasoned expert in the field. Dave is here to help you navigate the complex world of scholarships and get your questions answered! • A custom list of scholarships for which your Class of 2027 grad is eligible. Your student's custom list will include a minimum of 20 scholarships, including national and local scholarships (if local scholarships are available) and a mix of small and large scholarships. • Personalized help with scholarship applications & essays. These can be any scholarships of your choice! • Access to the Scholarship GPS Course, where students can learn best practices for scholarship success. Lessons include: How/Where to find scholarships, application and essay best practices, sample scholarship-winning essays, and much more. Click here to learn more and to register today. Use the discount code COOLIDGE before October 9, 2025, to receive a special discount. ---------- Melissa Muir, MAT is the founder and lead teacher at Curio, where she helps families create practical, real-world learning experiences for their children. With a Master's in Teaching and years of experience in homeschooling, public, private, and online education, and curriculum development, she's passionate about critical thinking, creative writing, and meaningful discussions. Melissa specializes in interactive, thought-provoking classes that challenge students while keeping learning fun. Whether she's leading a lively debate or helping kids craft compelling stories, she equips students with the skills they need to think deeply and express themselves confidently. In our conversation, Melissa and I discussed: Why critical thinking is such a crucial skill for students today Ways to spark curiosity in your student How reading and discussing books together equips students with both academic and real-world skills The long-term impact on their education and even their future lives when kids grow in critical thinking, curiosity, and communication And much more… To connect with Melissa, go to thinkcurio.com. Read Melissa's article on the overlooked power of teen book clubs. ---------- Who will be answering your biggest questions about college admissions this year?

This week on TFB's Behind the Gun Podcast, returning guest Bryce from The Carry Handle Podcast shares insights into some exceptionally rare and fascinating firearms he's recently encountered. Thanks to his new position at a local auction house, Bryce has gained hands-on experience with an array of unusual and collectible guns, ranging from creatively converted machine guns to authentic, legally registered destructive devices. His day-to-day work not only exposes him to an impressive spectrum of rare firearms but also provides plenty of colorful stories and unique details, which he brings to the podcast for an in-depth discussion. Listeners will get to hear about recent auction highlights and the ongoing appeal of firearms collecting, plus the challenges and surprises that come with handling such rare pieces in a professional setting.

En Ivoox puedes encontrar sólo algunos de los audios de Mindalia. Para escuchar las 4 grabaciones diarias que publicamos entra en https://www.mindaliatelevision.com. Si deseas ver el vídeo perteneciente a este audio, pincha aquí: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u0M24yqsLF8 Si deseas ver el vídeo completo: https://youtube.com/live/beTSyuF8azQ #JesúsDeNazaret #Espiritualidad #EvoluciónEspiritual Más información en: https://www.mindalia.com/television/ PARTICIPA CON TUS COMENTARIOS EN ESTE VÍDEO. -----------INFORMACIÓN SOBRE MINDALIA--------- Mindalia.com es una ONG internacional, sin ánimo de lucro, que difunde universalmente contenidos sobre espiritualidad y bienestar para la mejora de la consciencia del mundo. Apóyanos con tu donación en: https://www.mindalia.com/donar/ Suscríbete, comenta positivamente y comparte nuestros vídeos para difundir este conocimiento a miles de personas. Nuestro sitio web: https://www.mindalia.com SÍGUENOS TAMBIÉN EN NUESTRAS PLATAFORMAS Facebook: / mindalia.ayuda Instagram: / mindalia_com Twitch: / mindaliacom Odysee: https://odysee.com/@Mindalia.com *Mindalia.com no se hace responsable de las opiniones vertidas en este vídeo, ni necesariamente participa de ellas.

In this episode, Dr. Sabba Quidwai and Stefan explore the evolving relationships people, especially students are forming with AI tools like ChatGPT-5 and other AI tools. From the surprising emotional reactions to AI model updates to the rise of AI-powered toys for children, they dissect what these developments mean for education, ethics, and the future of learning. This conversation challenges educators to reconsider how we define thinking, agency, and integrity in an AI-integrated world.Timestamps[00:01:00] What AI Can Already Do – Sabba outlines the capabilities of the newest AI tools, setting the stage for a deeper conversation on mindset and systems change.[00:05:00] Emotional Attachments to ChatGPT – Stefan discusses the backlash to ChatGPT-5 and the unexpected grief users expressed over losing GPT-4.[00:13:00] Personalization, Vulnerability, and Ethics – The hosts explore how AI companies are leaning into emotional design and what this means for young people's agency and decision-making.[00:20:00] AI-Powered Toys and the Future of Childhood – Sabba introduces the topic of AI toys like Curio and their implications for learning, imagination, and privacy.[00:31:00] Redefining Thinking in an AI World – A reflection on what it means to “think” today, featuring Des Hassabis's definition and how educators can redesign learning for agency and depth.Resources Mentioned⁠ChatGPT-5 - updates + relationship⁠⁠Chatbots + Toys⁠Explore More from Designing Schools

On today's track, Bobby interviews Dr. Mark Dente (https://www.linkedin.com/in/mark-dente-md-4708b01/) of Curio Digital Therapeutics (https://www.curiodigitaltx.com/), about their solution for solving the gap in care for post-partum depression.  #healthbizcast #healthcareleadership #healthcare #lifesciences #changinghealthcare #behavioralhealth #digitalhealth #curiodigitaltx

Among the many issues currently bouncing around the toy biz,AI is one a lot of people are talking about, thinking about, and looking at ways to integrate it into play experiences. In this episode, Chris talks to Misha Sallee, CEO of Curio. Thecompany's first products are AI-powered playmates that can make play engaging,educational, and more fun. We talk about his toys, and AI's potential for toys.And, in a Playground Podcast first, I also get to interview a toy…in real time.The Playground Podcast is supported by Global Toy News, TheToy Guy, and Beacon Media Group.

En Ivoox puedes encontrar sólo algunos de los audios de Mindalia. Para escuchar las 4 grabaciones diarias que publicamos entra en https://www.mindaliatelevision.com. Si deseas ver el vídeo perteneciente a este audio, pincha aquí: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=beTSyuF8azQ Gerardo Curio nos guía a redescubrir el mensaje esencial de Jesús: El Despertar de la Consciencia. A través del apóstol Tomás, exploramos una visión profunda y transformadora, más allá de la religión, que nos conecta con nuestro verdadero ser. Gerardo Curio Arquitecto de Almas y explorador de la conciencia. Escritor y conferencista internacional. Transmite enseñanzas espirituales basadas en observación, discernimiento y silencio. Da sesiones y charlas presenciales y online en todo el mundo. http://gerardocurio.com / gerardo_curio / gerardo.curio Más información en: https://www.mindalia.com/television/ PARTICIPA CON TUS COMENTARIOS EN ESTE VÍDEO. ------------INFORMACIÓN SOBRE MINDALIA----------DPM Mindalia.com es una ONG internacional, sin ánimo de lucro, que difunde universalmente contenidos sobre espiritualidad y bienestar para la mejora de la consciencia del mundo. Apóyanos con tu donación en: https://www.mindalia.com/donar/ Suscríbete, comenta positivamente y comparte nuestros vídeos para difundir este conocimiento a miles de personas. Nuestro sitio web: https://www.mindalia.com SÍGUENOS TAMBIÉN EN NUESTRAS PLATAFORMAS Facebook: / mindalia.ayuda Instagram: / mindalia_com Twitch: / mindaliacom Odysee: https://odysee.com/@Mindalia.com *Mindalia.com no se hace responsable de las opiniones vertidas en este vídeo, ni necesariamente participa de ellas.

Can nuclear waste solve the energy crisis caused by AI data centers? Maybe. And maybe much more, including providing rare elements we need like rhodium, palladium, ruthenium, krypto-85, Americium-241, and more.Amazingly:- 96% of nuclear fuel's energy is left after it's "used"- Recycling can reduce 10,000-year waste storage needs to just 300 years- Curio's new process avoids toxic nitric acid and extracts valuable isotopes- 1 recycling plant could meet a third of America's nuclear fuel needs- Nuclear recycling could enable AI, space travel, and medical breakthroughsIn this episode of TechFirst, host John Koetsier talks with Ed McGinnis, CEO of Curio and former Acting Assistant Secretary for Nuclear Energy at the U.S. Department of Energy. McGinnis is on a mission to revolutionize how we think about nuclear waste, turning it into a powerful resource for energy, rare isotopes, and even precious metals like rhodium.Watch now and subscribe for more deep tech insights.

In this special episode John is joined by Amber, Hailee, and Matt from the RPG collective, Cloud Curio. We discuss their new project, Book of Wyrms as well as growing up in RPGs, and learning how to get support as a GM when designing new adventures Book of Wyrms on KickstarterCheck out John's new podcast: Zombie StrainsContact Us!splatbookpod@gmail.comThe Splatphone!Roll For Topic

05-22-25 - Watching Show On Flying Cows And Seeing Drone Doing Deliveries Now - Homeless Guy Asking For A Job Made John Realize How Unmanly He Is - Reporter Admits He Used AI To Write Article On Best Books - Dirty Dining Report On Senor Sushi Has Us CuriousSee Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

05-22-25 - Watching Show On Flying Cows And Seeing Drone Doing Deliveries Now - Homeless Guy Asking For A Job Made John Realize How Unmanly He Is - Reporter Admits He Used AI To Write Article On Best Books - Dirty Dining Report On Senor Sushi Has Us CuriousSee Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

Send us a textIn an unpredictable world—elections, layoffs, economic swings—our brains scramble for meaning, often defaulting to worst-case scenarios. In this episode, discover how to combat uncertainty—our biggest productivity killer. We also discuss: Understand how uncertainty triggers your brain's threat responseHow uncertainty kills creativity and innovationHear how a horse taught a life-changing lesson about fear and the present moment3 Techniques to help navigate uncertaintyMentioned on the Show: The Career Refresh Episode 8: Fear and Job PerformanceSupport the showJill Griffin, host of The Career Refresh, delivers expert guidance on workplace challenges and career transitions. Jill leverages her experience working for the world's top brands like Coca-Cola, Microsoft, Hilton Hotels, and Martha Stewart to address leadership, burnout, team dynamics, and the 4Ps (perfectionism, people-pleasing, procrastination, and personalities). Visit JillGriffinCoaching.com for more details on: Book a 1:1 Career Strategy and Executive Coaching HERE Gallup CliftonStrengths Corporate Workshops to build a strengths-based culture Team Dynamics training to increase retention, communication, goal setting, and effective decision-making Keynote Speaking Grab a personal Resume Refresh with Jill Griffin HERE Follow @JillGriffinOffical on Instagram for daily inspiration Connect with and follow Jill on LinkedIn

Send us a textJoin the boys this week for another STS episode. We discuss a trending item for sale, the rebirth of extinct animals, and much more!! Tune in with us for some laughs this week! https://www.instagram.com/thereadytoriffpodcast/https://twitter.com/ReadyToRiffPodhttps://www.youtube.com/channel/UC_LyXcE3BfKuZdnk9l8uFqw

Work isn't just a paycheck—it's a journey. We explore the three stages, Job, Career, and Calling, and how each phase shapes purpose, growth, and reinvention. In this episode, I discuss: How to move from survival to growth to purpose Why true callings often come from disruption and reinvention.Three key strategies for fulfillment at each stage of work.Support the showJill Griffin, host of The Career Refresh, delivers expert guidance on workplace challenges and career transitions. Jill leverages her experience working for the world's top brands like Coca-Cola, Microsoft, Hilton Hotels, and Martha Stewart to address leadership, burnout, team dynamics, and the 4Ps (perfectionism, people-pleasing, procrastination, and personalities). Visit JillGriffinCoaching.com for more details on: Book a 1:1 Career Strategy and Executive Coaching HERE Gallup CliftonStrengths Corporate Workshops to build a strengths-based culture Team Dynamics training to increase retention, communication, goal setting, and effective decision-making Keynote Speaking Grab a personal Resume Refresh with Jill Griffin HERE Follow @JillGriffinOffical on Instagram for daily inspiration Connect with and follow Jill on LinkedIn

Your Leadership Classroom is Everywhere. Are You Paying Attention? Leadership isn't about proving what you know—it's about staying curious, observing, and learning from unexpected sources. Great leaders embrace a lifelong classroom mindset. In this episode I discuss: One of my biggest leadership disastersWhy you want to rethink your teachersThe behaviors that make you a more intentional leaderHow to spot the lessons all around youSupport the showJill Griffin, host of The Career Refresh, delivers expert guidance on workplace challenges and career transitions. Jill leverages her experience working for the world's top brands like Coca-Cola, Microsoft, Hilton Hotels, and Martha Stewart to address leadership, burnout, team dynamics, and the 4Ps (perfectionism, people-pleasing, procrastination, and personalities). Visit JillGriffinCoaching.com for more details on: Book a 1:1 Career Strategy and Executive Coaching HERE Gallup CliftonStrengths Corporate Workshops to build a strengths-based culture Team Dynamics training to increase retention, communication, goal setting, and effective decision-making Keynote Speaking Grab a personal Resume Refresh with Jill Griffin HERE Follow @JillGriffinOffical on Instagram for daily inspiration Connect with and follow Jill on LinkedIn

Pot cuvintele noastre să influențeze mersul universului? Profesorul universitar Dumitru Constantin Dulcan crede că da și îi dezvăluie lui Mihai Morar cum!O personalitate a neurologiei, medic, profesor universitar, Constantin Dulcan a șocat în 1981 când, în plină dictatură comunistă, a lansat cartea care explora subtila frontieră dintre știință și credință: Inteligența materiei. O carte care în 1981 a trecut miraculos, deși nu integral, de cenzura comunistă. Reeditată constant de la prima apariție, cartea demonstrează – consideră autorul –că ordinea universală este dovada supremă a divinității. Cum altfel s-ar explica precizia cu care galaxia funcționează de la sistemele solare la cele mai mici celule ale ființelor? Iar în această interdependență universală bine orchestrată, orice acțiune a noastră are un impact ... cosmic. Motiv pentru care studiile profesorului Dulcan evidențiază un cod etic al creierului nostru. Un pattern al gândurilor pozitive și negative care, o dată respectat, va genera efecte pozitive în univers și ne va menține sănătoși! Curioși care sunt regulile la îndemână pentru a evita bolile și a ne menține de partea pozitivă a vieții? Afli, alături de multe altele, dintr-un nou podcast Fain & Simplu, găzduit pe scena Filarmonicii din Pitești, de Mihai Morar.

Manuela Fahringer, general manager of the Zemi Miches All-Inclusive, Curio Collection in the Dominican Republic, talks with James Shillinglaw of Insider Travel Report about her new resort in an increasingly popular region of this Caribbean paradise. Fahringer details the accommodations, the dining and the activities available at this luxury property, which is designed for families, couples and solo travelers. For more information, visit www.hilton.com/en/hotels/pujmiqq-zemi-miches-all-inclusive-resort. All our Insider Travel Report video interviews are archived and available on our Youtube channel  (youtube.com/insidertravelreport), and as podcasts with the same title on: Spotify, Pandora, Stitcher, PlayerFM, Listen Notes, Podchaser, TuneIn + Alexa, Podbean,  iHeartRadio,  Google, Amazon Music/Audible, Deezer, Podcast Addict, and iTunes Apple Podcasts, which supports Overcast, Pocket Cast, Castro and Castbox.  

Episode web page: https://bit.ly/3OQ2f80 ----------------------- Rate Insights Unlocked and write a review If you appreciate Insights Unlocked, please give it a rating and a review. Visit Apple Podcasts, pull up the Insights Unlocked show page and scroll to the bottom of the screen. Below the trailers, you'll find Ratings and Reviews. Click on a star rating. Scroll down past the highlighted review and click on "Write a Review." You'll make my day. ----------------------- Show Notes In this episode of Insights Unlocked, host Blair Fraser sits down with Dr. Sam Howard, Head of UX at Curio, to explore how AI is transforming the way people consume news. From Sam's unique career journey—from academia to consulting to leading UX at a forward-thinking company—to Curio's mission of fixing fragmented and overwhelming news experiences, this conversation dives into the heart of user-centric design and AI innovation. Discover how Curio balances cutting-edge AI with trusted sources to deliver meaningful solutions, the challenges of creating archetypes in a rapidly evolving tech landscape, and why robust discovery research is more critical than ever. If you're a UX researcher, designer, or product leader navigating the intersection of user experience and AI, this episode is packed with actionable insights and forward-thinking strategies. Key Themes & Highlights: The Power of User-Centered Design: Why embedding user insights at the start of product design leads to better outcomes. Sam's approach to understanding and addressing user frustrations with traditional news platforms. AI in UX Research: How Curio blends AI personalization with reliable sources to maintain trust. The "Many Wizards of Oz" method: A groundbreaking approach to simulating AI experiences in user research. Tackling Behavioral Archetypes: Why Curio focuses on early adopters and behavioral archetypes instead of rigid personas. Addressing news avoidance and user anxiety through design thinking. Driving Impact in Organizations: How to align qualitative user research with quantitative data to influence stakeholders. Using video storytelling as a tool for fostering empathy and buy-in from business leaders. Future of UX and AI: The need to evolve UX methodologies for non-linear, AI-driven user journeys. Balancing transparency and value when communicating AI's role to end users.

Summary: In today's market, too often brands find themselves caught up in chasing trends, losing sight of the path to long-term growth. Today's guests are breaking that cycle by taking a customer-first approach, turning insights into action, and aligning multiple brands under one clear vision.Today we're sitting down with Steve Dunn and Diana "DB" Barnes from WHY Brands. Steve is WHY's CEO, founder, and Chairman and Diana is Chief Brand Officer and Creative Director of the company. WHY Brands is the parent company of baby lifestyle brand Munchkin, which Steve founded in 1990, as well as a new name in upscale home goods, Curio, which was co-founded by DB and Steve in 2023. A young father himself at Munchkin's start, Steve aspired to bring smart design into the nursery and found his passion in innovative product development and is now the primary inventor of the majority of over 350 patents. An investment banker turned entrepreneur, Steve holds a Bachelor's Degree from UC Berkeley and an MBA from Harvard Business School. As Chief Brand Officer, DB oversees global brand partnerships and manages the public relations, social media, and brand design teams for Munchkin and Curio Worldwide. She joined Munchkin in 2014 and under her leadership the brand design team has won over a hundred top international awards.She's the creator and producer of Munchkin's top-ranked parenting podcast, StrollerCoaster, and was recently named one of the top 20 CMOs in the world by Fast Company. DB is a passionate advocate for animals and the environment, and leads all Munchkin CSR initiatives, including partnerships with the International Fund for Animal Welfare and Trees for the Future.Diana holds a BA from the University of Tennessee, a BFA in Graphics Packaging from the ArtCenter College of Design, and has completed several executive MBA programs at Harvard Business School.In this episode, we learn how WHY Brands' "moonshot" culture fuels its innovation, and why paying attention to your customers should always be a priority. Highlights:Steve's business background and path to founding Munchkin (3:50)Steve describes the early days of the baby and children's market, and initial hurdles at Munchkin (5:20)DB talks through the founding of Curio Home Goods (7:08)The inspiration behind the creation of WHY Brands (8:22)DB discusses the unique 'moonshot culture' at WHY Brands (9:35)WHY Brands' RD8 Group and how they innovate for the future (10:40)DB on the importance of connecting with the consumer beyond advertising (15:03)Potential M&A opportunities at WHY Brands (17:31)Hot to stay on top of evolving trends and maintains brand relevancy (19:59)Standout products from Curio and Munchkin (22:59)WHY Brands' philanthropic initiatives (24:44)Steve's advice for navigating rocky climates in business (26:22)DB reflects on career challenges she has overcome (28:13)Links:WHY Brands Inc. on LinkedInWHY Brands Inc. WebsiteDiana Barnes on LinkedInStrollerCoaster PodcastICR LinkedInICR TwitterICR WebsiteFeedback:If you have questions about the show, or have a topic in mind you'd like discussed in future episodes, email our producer, marion@lowerstreet.co.

Twenty Minute Travel News has now joined the MtM Podcast feed! You can catch this show each week right here in addition to the regular MtM Travel podcast or watch both shows on Youtube!  Episode Description This week many reports were coming from Chase applicants about a tightening when it comes to credit card reconsideration. We discuss exactly what is happening, what you should do and why a tried and true strategy is worth pursuing in getting that big Chase card approval!   In other news Hilton has another big property score, this time adding a popular hotel to their Curio collection. We also discuss big new offers for Alaska and Avianca, strange Cardless rules, Allegiant's biggest expansion ever, easy timeshare points & why riding mountain/alpine coasters is some really cool "s".   Episode Guide 0:00 The epic eating problem every traveler faces 0:38 Evermore Resort joining Hilton as Curio 2:28 Allegiant's biggest expansion ever - 44 new routes 4:33 New Alaska Airlines 75K mile public offer 5:43 Avianca LifeMiles Elite 120K welcome offer 6:33 The quirky thing about signing up for a Cardless card 8:35 Chase cracking down on reconsideration 10:15 The evolution of Chase reconsideration & why they may be tightening 11:58 Easy 75K Hilton timeshare offer 13:38 How to find your unclaimed property 15:33 Bilt's new home purchasing tool - Earn big points 17:36 The changing landscape of realtor fees & what to look for 18:47 Alpine/Mountain coasters around the world Links Evermore Hilton - https://travel-on-points.com/evermore-orlando-resort-joining-hilton/ Allegiant expansion - https://milestomemories.com/major-expansion-for-allegiant/ Alaska 75K - https://secure.bankofamerica.com/apply-credit-cards/public/instant-credit/#/single-page/ Avianca Elite 120K - https://www.lifemiles.com/discover/landing-page/avianca-lifemiles-creditcard-promo Chase reconsideration woes - https://travel-on-points.com/chase-denying-reconsideration/ Hilton timeshare - https://milestomemories.com/new-hilton-timeshare-offer-5/ Unclaimed property - https://travel-on-points.com/how-to-claim-unclaimed-property/ Bilt Home - https://travel-on-points.com/earn-bilt-points-when-purchasing-a-home/ Alpine coasters - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B1-r4KVBPIA  https://x.com/TheFigen_/status/1836052840562708593 Enjoying the podcast? Please consider leaving us a positive review on your favorite podcast platform! You can also connect with us anytime at podcast@milestomemories.com.  You can subscribe on Apple Podcasts, Google Play, Spotify, TuneIn, Pocket Casts, or via RSS. Don't see your favorite podcast platform? Please let us know! Music: Rewind by Jay Someday | https://soundcloud.com/jaysomeday Music promoted by https://www.free-stock-music.com Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License

Diana "DB" Barnes has been constantly evolving throughout her career. Having previously worked in the music, fashion, and tech industries, she is currently the Chief Brand Officer and Creative Director of WHY Brands–a portfolio of consumer lifestyle brands which houses the world's most loved baby lifestyle company Munchkin Inc. She is also the co-founder of Curio, a premium brand of finely crafted home goods designed to elevate the every day. Diana's work overseeing the creation and execution of brand design and strategy and WHY Brands earned her the honor of being named among 20 of the top CMOs in the world by Fast Company. In this interview, we discuss Diana's career path, her current role at WHY Brands, and the importance of doing things that terrify you. Don't miss this episode where we talk about:How Diana's love of writing and language led to her passion for typography and graphic designThe many different industries Diana has worked in and why it's important to broaden your field of knowledge and experienceWHY Brands' focus on innovation and how the key to innovation is listening to your customers Joining the team at Munchkin, Diana's perspective on staying relevant as a legacy brand, and why Diana founded CurioWhat drives Diana creatively and her advice for other creatives who are just starting their professional careersFind Diana:www.whybrands.comIG: @dbartifexX: @dbartifexLinkedIn: Diana Barnes “DB”Follow Lydia:www.lydiafenet.comIG: @lydiafenetLinkedIn: Lydia FenetQuestions or comments, we'd love to hear from you...send us a text!Record a question here so we can answer it on the next episode of Claim Your Confidence.To stay up to date with Claim Your Confidence and get all the behind-the-scenes content, follow us on Instagram and on YouTube.If you enjoyed this episode, please subscribe and leave a rating and review on Apple or Spotify or where ever you get your podcasts.Recorded at The Newsstand Studios at Rockefeller Center.Thank you for listening.

In this episode, hosts Diana and JR explore the evolution of the cannabis industry. They begin with a nostalgic look back at dial-up internet and AOL, leading into their "Fave Pot/Fave, Not Pot" segment. JR endorses Curio's GI Soothe Tincture for anxiety-induced digestive issues, while Diana praises Mota Magic's pain-relieving balm.The discussion then shifts to the transformation of the cannabis industry from compassionate roots to a profit-driven landscape, highlighting challenges in accessibility due to federal legality. They emphasize the need for inclusivity and support for marginalized communities, critiquing the misuse of "woke" and its role in fostering anti-Black environments.Diana and JR advocate for prioritizing small businesses and inclusivity, blending humor with heartfelt insights into the cannabis industry. Their storytelling encourages reflection on compassion and inclusivity across all sectors.(00:16) Podcast Favorites and Recommendations(14:52) Accessibility Issues in the Cannabis Industry(29:36) Challenges in the Cannabis Industry  This episode is produced and edited by Your Highness Media. Subscribe to our Substack for the latest updates and event information.

A story of a circus, avarice, and a curious creation.Written by Catherine McCarthy. Full Body Chills is brought to you by Max. This Halloween, the movies that haunt you are available on Max. Stream all month long. Subscription required. Visit max.com. Looking for more chills? Follow Full Body Chills on Instagram @fullbodychillspod. Full Body Chills is an audiochuck production.Instagram: @audiochuckTwitter: @audiochuckFacebook: /audiochuckllcTikTok: @audiochuck

City of God: The Fight Rages On – Season Finale Breakdown & Season 2 TheoriesAfter six weeks of intensity and thrills, City of God: The Fight Rages On wraps up its explosive first season, and TeaRon and Tiera Janee are here to break it all down. In this review of episode 6, they dive into the shocking twists, favorite moments, standout characters, and their wildest theories for Season 2.In episode 6, Berenice steps up to fill the void left by Barbantinho (Stringy), making political waves in her run for City Council. Meanwhile, Wilson (Buscapé/Rocket) and Lígia finally bring their investigation of City of God's corruption to a head, exposing Reginaldo and his son Israel in a scandalous newspaper story. With conspiracies and weapons trafficking laid bare, Israel is thrust into the political spotlight despite his secret affair with Jerusa coming to light.As the tension reaches its peak, Jerusa is cornered when Bradock uncovers her betrayal. But she has her own ambush planned, setting up Bradock for a brutal showdown with Geninho, who seeks revenge for his father Curio's death at Bradock's hands.Full of shocking moments and jaw-dropping surprises, the season finale didn't disappoint. Tune in as we discuss our favorite scenes and what we think is in store for Season 2!–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––About UBIQUITOUS BLACKS REVIEWS:'Ubiquitous Blacks Reviews' is an extension of the Ubiquitous Blacks Podcast where TeaRon (IG: @tearonworld) is joined alongside Tiera Janee' (IG: @tieratakes_) as the two review the latest in Black Movies, TV Shows, and more. These hilariously entertaining reviews are directed at discussing media that appeals to Black/African people around the world in the diaspora.You can watch the episodes on the official YouTube channel, and you can also listen to the full unedited episodes wherever you listen to podcasts.Send us a textSupport the showFollow and Interact With Us: Instagram, Facebook, YouTube, Threads

Today, Dan finally gets to sit down and talk with Malcolm Berg, who is not only a designer, but an entrepreneur who founded Edge of Architecture. He is all about pushing the boundaries and innovating to the next degree. Malcolm provides his insights on hospitality and how important it is to bring empathy and human connection to the forefront of design and architecture. The conversation also delves into the significance of gratitude, the role of mentorship at EOA, and the enduring philosophy of reflecting values and unity in their projects. Listen along to hear Malcolm and Dan's conversation!Takeaways: Cultivate empathy within your team and client relationships. Understanding and responding to people's needs and emotions is crucial for creating meaningful work and strong bonds.Strive beyond good enough. Aim for spectacular and aim to create experiences and designs that evoke strong, positive reactions.Hire people for their enthusiasm, work ethic, and potential rather than just their current skills or experience. Develop a culture of mentorship to nurture growth from within.Work with stakeholders, including clients and team members, who share similar values and vision. Avoid relationships that are purely transactional or financially driven.Emphasize continuous learning and innovation. Do not settle into a routine; constantly push the boundaries to stay ahead in a world that is rapidly changing.Develop a strong, cohesive concept as the foundation for all your design elements. This helps maintain a consistent narrative and creates a more immersive experience.Quote of the Show:“It's how you behave in the trenches that kind of makes you who you are. Things are going to go sideways, shit happens. It's how you fix it that counts.” - Malcolm BergLinks:Twitter: https://twitter.com/eoagroup?lang=enLinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/malcolm-berg-75b46910/ Website: https://eoagroup.com/ Shout Outs:IIDA https://iida.org/Gold Key https://www.goldkeyphr.com/ Curio by Hilton https://www.hilton.com/en/brands/curio-collection/ Andaz Miami https://www.hyatt.com/andaz/miaob-andaz-miami-beachMario Andretti https://www.instagram.com/andrettimario/?hl=en Travel by Design by Marriott https://traveler.marriott.com/travel-by-design/ Ways to Tune In: Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/0A2XOJvb6mGqEPYJ5bilPXApple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/defining-hospitality-podcast/id1573596386Google Podcasts: https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZGVmaW5pbmdob3NwaXRhbGl0eS5saXZlL2ZlZWQueG1sAmazon Music: ​​https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/8c904932-90fa-41c3-813e-1cb8f3c42419

I-Hsien is joined by fellow ENnies nominee Sally Tamarkin for a conversation about creating DIY adversaries for your game and situating monsters in the story. They use the templates from the book Monstrous and create an underwater space gorilla for 5e DnD. Vote at ennie-awards.com. (97m) Editing: Aram Vartian Important Links: 988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline: Free and confidential support for people in distress and their loved ones. Yku the Unmaker - The Wish That Walks: I-Hsien's epic 5e monster for Hit Point Press. Monstrous: Cloud Curio's creature creator. Replay: Aram's new podcast. Total Party Thrill Discord server: Come hang out with us and other fans of the show. https://discord.gg/GvFXnSv TPT Character Creation Forge Codex: It's finally here! A huge thanks to all our Patreon supporters who made it possible. Teepublic: Home of the TPT-shirt! Support the show on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/totalpartythrill Contact us: Twitter: @TPTcast Email: totalpartythrill@gmail.com Web: www.totalpartythrill.com Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/totalpartythrill Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/totalpartythrill YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/TotalPartyThrill

TAKEAWAYSThe changing landscape of the workforce, particularly the growing interest in blue-collar jobs among Gen ZThe impact of AI on different industries and potential ethical considerations surrounding advanced AI toolsThe launch of TikTok Notes and its implications for social media and content creationThe challenges of keeping up with social media algorithms and trendsThe development of an advanced AI tool for estimating life expectancy and its potential implications for business and marketingThe use of personal data in business and ethical concerns surrounding its useTIMESTAMPSThe introduction (00:00:00) Introduction to the podcast episode and the hosts' banter.TikTok's new app (00:04:51) Discussion about TikTok's new photo-sharing app and its potential impact on the social media landscape.Life Expectancy Calculator (00:09:04) Exploration of an advanced AI tool designed to estimate an individual's lifespan and the ethical considerations surrounding its use.Gen Z's interest in blue-collar jobs (00:13:47) Conversation about Gen Z's growing interest in blue-collar jobs due to economic considerations and the potential impact of AI on white-collar jobs.The future of knowledge workers (00:19:03) Discussion about the potential impact of AI on knowledge-driven jobs and the changing landscape of the workforce.Conclusion (00:20:13) Closing remarks on the changing role of college education and the potential for AI-powered news anchors.AI-Powered Audio Journalism (00:21:11) Discussion on Curio, an AI-powered audio journalism startup, and its development of an AI news anchor named Rio.Changing Media Consumption (00:30:17) Exploration of the shift in media consumption, with more 18 to 34-year-olds listening to podcasts than watching TV.Live Shopping on Amazon (00:31:05) Explanation of Amazon Live's shoppable ad-supported channel and the integration of live video experiences with instant clickable purchasing options.Future Guest Lineups (00:35:53) Announcement of upcoming guests on the podcast, including Gary Vaynerchuk, and a discussion on the importance of entertaining and educating content. If you enjoyed this episode and want to learn more, join Ryan's newsletter https://ryanalford.com/newsletter/ to get Ferrari level advice daily for FREE. Learn how to build a 7 figure business from your personal brand by signing up for a FREE introduction to personal branding https://ryanalford.com/personalbranding. Learn more by visiting our website at www.ryanisright.comSubscribe to our YouTube channel www.youtube.com/@RightAboutNowwithRyanAlford.

In the extra-long conclusion to my series on the Oak Island "mystery," I look at claims about artifacts that have been found on the island, outlandish theories about the nature of its "treasure," and the true origin of the legend in treasure digging scams. Joining me again to discuss the topic is Dr. Sean Munger! Go watch Sean Munger's videos on YouTube! Visit factormeals.com/blind50 and use code blind50 to get 50% off your first box and 20% off your next box! Direct all advertising inquiries to advertising@airwavemedia.com. Visit www.airwavemedia.com to find other high-quality podcasts! Find a transcript of this episode with source citations and related imagery at www.historicalblindness.com sometime before the release of the next episode. Pledge support on Patreon to get an ad-free feed with exclusive episodes! Check out my novel, Manuscript Found!  And check out the show merch, which make perfect gifts!  Further support the show by giving a one-time gift at paypal.me/NathanLeviLloyd or finding me on Venmo at @HistoricalBlindness. Some music on this episode was licensed under a Blue Dot Sessions blanket license at the time of this episodes publication. Tracks include "Cicle DR Valga," "Game Lands," "Curio," "Black Ballots," "Borough," "Dusting," "Rambling," "Feisty and Tacky," "Coulis Coulis," "Bauxite," "Brer Krille," "Access Road 442," "Tarte Tatin," and "The Gran Dias." Other music, including "Remedy for Melancholy," "daedalus," and "daemones" are by Kai Engel, licensed under Creative Commons. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices