Podcasts about war information

Hello Youtube Members, Patreons and Pacific War week by week listeners. Yes this was intended to be an exclusive episode to join the 29 others over on my Youtube Membership and Patreon, but since we are drawing to the end of the Pacific War week by week series, I felt compelled to make some special episodes to answer some of the bigger questions.   Hey before I begin I just want to thank all of you who have joined the patreon, you guys are awesome. Please let me know what other figures, events or other things you want to hear about in the future and I will try to make it happen.   So as you can see the title of this episode is, Why did the Japanese perform so many Atrocities during the Pacific War. Phewww, its honestly a difficult one to tackle, for there are countless reasons. I had a university professor who taught; ancient and modern Japanese history, history of the Japanese empire and the Pacific War. He actually answered this very question in a single lecture and in many ways I found it to be one of the most illuminating things I ever learnt about the Pacific War. To truly understand the reasons why they did such horrible things, you actually need to learn the general history of Japan, particularly the changes from Tokugawa, to Meiji, to Showa. I am going to do my very best, but I know many of you might be asking “what were the worst things they did?”, not everyone takes a special interest into such a niche part of history. May I recommend for those with strong stomachs “the knights of Bushido” by Edward Russel that covers pretty much all the atrocities of the Asia-Pacific War. For those of you who like darker things, check out Unit 731: Japan's Secret Biological Warfare in World War II by David Wallace and Peter Williams, absolute nightmare fuel.   I can't go through the entire history of Japan, but I think it's important to start off with the first Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895. This was the first time the Empire of Japan fought a true war with a foreign nation, that being the Qing dynasty. At this point in time, there really emerged a sort of, to be blunt, race war. The Chinese had historically referred to the Japanese as “woren”, a racist term meaning dwarf. Now historically the Japanese had always revered the Chinese, kind of like in the way a little brother looks up to his big brother. In tokugawa Japan they would learn from the Chinese, but as the Meiji restoration began this dramatically changed. Japan watched as the Chinese were humiliating and abused by the western powers and failed to modernize. Meanwhile Japan emulated the best of the west, to modernize and become a great power themselves. In many ways, Japan saw itself become big brother and now China was little brother. The Meiji restoration had an element of nationalism built into it that would explode come the Show era. Japan for its entire history had this belief they were the “Yamato Race” dating back to the 6th century. Now while the Meiji restoration sought to emulate the west, they also emulated racism and propaganda, which in the 19th century was kind of a big deal. The Japanese government gradually began a long term campaign promoting the idea the Japanese, or Yamato people were superior to that of the other asian races. Who was the next big asian boy on the block? China, so it was inevitable they would direct a lot of racist attitudes towards the Chinese. During the first sino-japanese war, the Chinese, particularly Manchu had a habit of performing atrocities upon the Japanese. They would often cut off body parts of Japanese soldiers in grotesque manners and leave them to be found by their comrades. This was honestly a pretty typical thing of war in the region, but it did also have a racist element to it, the Chinese certainly saw the Japanese as lesser people. Just before the battle of Port Arthur, the Japanese found mutilated remains of the comrades, here is a passage from Makio Okabe who was there:   As we entered the town of Port Arthur, we saw the head of a Japanese soldier displayed on a wooden stake. This filled us with rage and a desire to crush any Chinese soldier. Anyone we saw in the town, we killed. The streets were filled with corpses, so many they blocked our way. We killed people in their homes; by and large, there wasn't a single house without from three to six dead. Blood was flowing and the smell was awful. We sent out search parties. We shot some, hacked at others. The Chinese troops just dropped their arms and fled. Firing and slashing, it was unbounded joy. At this time, our artillery troops were at the rear, giving three cheers [banzai] for the emperor.   The Japanese performed a massacre at Port Arthur, butchering perhaps up to 3000 Chinese civilians, some claim 10's of thousands and in full few of western war correspondents. It became a huge controversy that destroyed the image of the IJA internationally and hurt the Japanese governments efforts at riding themselves of unequal treaties with the western powers. The Japanese learnt a hell of a lesson and an Imperial Proclamation was made in 1894 stating that Japanese soldiers should make every effort to win the war without violating international laws. According to Japanese historian Yuki Tanaka, Japanese forces during the First Sino-Japanese War released 1,790 Chinese prisoners without harm, once they signed an agreement not to take up arms against Japan if they were released.   During the next major war the Japanese performed a dramatic 180, well at least to their enemy. During the Russo-Japanese War, over 80,000 Russian POWs were held by the IJA who were treated in accordance with the Hague conventions of 1899. The Japanese paid them for labor, housed them in conventional POW camps, made sure they received good medical treatment, ironically better than the Russians were capable of. The Japanese did all of this, making sure the foreign war correspondents wrote about it. It was a massive PR stunt in many ways. The Japanese were emulating how a world power should act, because they sought to be one. Meanwhile the Japanese swallowed their pride at being called yellow monkeys, as the prevalent Yellow Peril ideology was being pushed by Kaiser Wilhehelm and Tsar Nicholas II heavily. The Japanese treated the entire war like gentlemen and suffered horrific higher casualties than necessary because of it. But something many people don't take much notice of, because the IJA made sure of it, was they horrible treatment of the Chinese during the war.   Now the Russians in Manchuria looted, killed and raped many Chinese, pushed quite a bit by the Yellow Peril. The Chinese, certainly the Honghuzi bandits were working for the Japanese to attack them, so its not like they had no reasons. The IJA was more professional and had orders not to molest the Chinese, as they were helping the war effort, but this did not prevent it. The Japanese also looted, killed and raped Chinese. The Japanese would often wave it off as reprisals against potential spies. I only bring this up as it was very apparent, the Japanese treated the Russians much different than the chinese.   Fast forward to WW1, the Japanese had a battle against the Germans and Austro-Hungarians known in the west as the Siege of Tsingtau. The Japanese took up an identical methodology to the Russo-Japanese war with their approach to the Germans, but even took it a step further. After winning the siege, the Japanese seized nearly 5000 German POW's who were treated with a surreal amount of respect. They were brought back to Japan and housed for the rest of the war in 12 cities around Tokyo and Kumamoto. The POW's enjoyed humane treatment and a rather famous event occurred at the Bando camp where a large orchestra was formed of German POW's who toured the nation performing 100 concerts, lectures and plays. Evidence the Germans were treated well can be seen in the fact 170 prisoners never left Japan and sought wives and lives there. Now is this all a feel good love story, no, just like during the Russo-Japanese War, Japan was playing up the PR, for during WW1 they wanted official recognition as a world power and that of being racially equal to the whites.    Japan was officially recognized as a world power during the treaty of Versailles, but when Japan gave its racial equality proposal, President Woodrow Wilson of the US and Australian Prime Minister Billy Hughes refused to allow it to pass, even though they received majority votes. Now The Japanese had been for a lack of better words, fucked over, during the first sino-japanese war when the triple intervention of France, Germany and Russia stole away their war earning of the Liaodong peninsula. During the Russo-Japanese war, Theodore Roosevelt limited the Japanese war gains and now here after WW1 the Japanese received another humiliation. To the Japanese, it was the last straw and it was a major reason they went to war with the west, who they viewed, and honestly rightfully so, would never see them as equals.   Ompf, lot of history there, but now we come to the Showa era, which was molded by the feelings of the past decades.   In 1937 Japan and China enter an unofficial war that saw one of the worst wartime atrocities in human history, the rape of Nanjing. It began on December 13th of 1937, lasting 6 or so weeks seeing the murder of possibly 300,000 civilians and pows, the mass rape of 20,000 and untold hardship upon the Chinese people. The Japanese followed this up with numerous other massacres in China such as the Changjiao Massacre claiming possibly 30,000 Chinese civilian lives, the Alexandra Hospital Massacre killing 200 patients and medical staff in Hong Kong, the Laha Massacre on Ambon island where 300 members of the Gull force were executed, the Bangka island massacre where 60 Australian and British soldiers and 22 Australian nurses were murdered, the Parit Sulong massacre in Malay where 150 wounded Australian and Indian POW's were executed, the Bataan Death march where negligence and brutality took the lives of 650 Americans and perhaps a possible 18,000 Filipinos, the Manila massacres claiming the lives of perhaps 54,000 filipinos including women and children in the Philippines, the Balikpapan massacre in the dutch east indies taking the lives of 78 Dutch Civilians, I can keep going and going. Where the Japanese went, massacres and horrors occurred.    Again if you really want to delve into these stories check out “the knights of Bushido”.   The Japanese also had the infamous special units like 731, who conducted horrifying experiments on civilians and POWs like vivisectioning live people without anesthesia, testing biological and chemical weapons on live people, the freezing peoples to study frostbite treatment and giving people sexually transmitted diseases to study. Lt General Shiro Ishii's unit 731 deployed plague infested fleas, cholera, bubonic plague and other nasty weapons upon Chinese civilians killing perhaps up to 500,000. This was seen during the battle of Changde and famously during operation Sei-go also known as the Zhejiang-Jiangxi campaign.    The Japanese also enacted the infamous “Sanko Sakusen / three all's policy : kill all, urn all, loot all” in retaliation to the Chinese communists Hundred regiments offensive in December of 1940. Sanctioned by Hirohito personally, it is thought this act resulted in the death of 2.7 million Chinese civilians. According to author Werner Gruhl 8 million Chinese civilian deaths could be attributable to the Japanese.     So then we come back to the big question, why? So now that I've covered the loose history for coherency sake I want to list here the largest reasons for the atrocities and by no means is this official categories or even all of them, I am simply stating kind of my top ones I guess you can say:   Treaties signed or not signed War strategy and indoctrination  Ultra-Nationalism and Racism Surrender & the Bastardization of the Bushido code The Brutality of the Japanese military Treaties signed or not signed   Yes its time to talk about treaties, yawn. Now I said previously Japan did sign the Hague Conventions of 1899 and would ratify them in 1907. The Hague conventions did contain laws for prisoners of war, protection of civilians. Alongside this, in 1894 an imperial proclamation was made stating Japanese soldiers should make every effort to win a war without violating international laws. More significantly Japan “signed” but unlike the majority of other world powers did not ratify the Geneva convention of 1929. Why? To be blunt, the geneva conventions did not really benefit the Japanese military from their point of view.   First the Japanese had a very specific perspective on surrendering, they simply did not do it, so they did not expect many of their soldiers to ever become POW's, so how would it benefit them to ratify such a thing? If they are not going to have many POW's, why would they burden themselves with upholding all the conventional laws for POW's they would obtain during war?  Another glaring reason involved aerial bombing. Many Japanese leaders, like Kanji Ishiwara, believed the home islands would be subjected to massive aerial bombing if a global war broke out. If Japan was subjected to aerial bombing and ratified the geneva convention, this meant they would have to take the pilots who were caught prisoner. The Japanese believed this would encourage further bombing. Lastly the convention had rules for POW treatment that literally contradicted how Japanese soldiers were treated by their own superiors. More about that in the last part about the military's brutality, but summarized, the Japanese army were abusive as hell and to sign such a thing would literally contradict how they did things.   Emperor Hirohito personally ratified a decision to remove certain constraints of the Hague Conventions when it came to the treatment of Chinese POW's in the directive of 5 August 1937. This notification advised staff officers to simply stop using the term "prisoners of war". They would refer to their enemy as bandits, guerillas and such, anything but soldiers so they would not have to take any prisoners, though they typically did not leave anyone alive in China regardless. The Geneva Convention exempted POWs of sergeant rank or higher from manual labor, and stipulated that prisoners performing work should be provided with extra rations and other essentials. The Japanese in the later half of the war would be starved of provisions and resources, thus its to no surprise they could not meet these demands, even if they sought to uphold them. I will note in 1942, Japan indicated they would “follow” the Geneva rules and would observe the Hague Convention of 1907 outlining the laws and customs of war. Yet this is like a verbal confirmation, it had no legal basis, something the Japanese particularly loved to do during the war.   According to Dr. William Skelton III, who produced a document entitled American Ex Prisoners of War for the U.S. Department of Veterans' Affairs, more POWs died at the hands of the Japanese in the Pacific theater and specifically in the Philippines than in any other conflict to date. For example in Germany, POWs died at a rate 1.2%. In the Pacific theater the rate was 37%. In the Philippines, POWs died at a rate of 40%.    Now these pieces of paper that were signed or not signed, what does this really matter when it comes to war, its obvious they were not upholding certain rules, but how did this quote en quote make them more brutal and perform more atrocities? Well here is the sticky thing, if you are part of the Japanese military and you know your nation did not ratify certain rules of war, this meant your enemy had no supposed legal basis to follow said rules against you either.    So I want you to think of two aspects of this. If your nation did not sign or ratify certain treaties, then you could not expect the enemy to respect such rules when it comes to you. But more importantly, what if the leader of your nation…just told you to believe that?    In early 1942, Great Britain, the United States of America and other great powers did officially let the Japanese know that they would, on their  part, observe all the provisions of the Convention and requested reciprocity. Japanese foreign minister at the time, Hideki Tojo gave a formal assurance that although Japan was not bound by the Geneva convention, the Japanese would apply it “mutatis mutandis” towards the Americans, British, Canadians, Australians and New Zealander POW's, note he most definitely did not extend this to the asiatic groups, nor the Dutch whom I guess he just forgot about. But this did morally bind Japan to comply with the convention. However the top brass of the Japanese military, notably Hideki Tojo in these cases, went out of his way to instill beliefs within the military as to what they should expect from the enemy. As you will see in the next points, this was basically a type of indoctrination.   War strategy and indoctrination    The leaders of Japan knew full well how unmatched they were in terms of resources and productivity before they began the war with the west. How could they possibly win the war? The IJN was dead set on a decisive naval battle, but for the IJA to compensate for their lack of resources, they believed their “spirit” would overcome the enemy. In many ways this spirit meant going above and beyond normal human endurance, to literally outperform the allies and notably to conduct the war with absolutely zero mercy. Once Japan lost the initiative in the war, after Guadalcanal, the IJA were forced to fight a war of attrition. Now they would prolong and exact maximum casualties upon the allies hoping to force them to the peace table. The idea was quite simple, the IJA would do everything possible to make the allies believe they would never give up and it would far too costly to defeat them. How does one go about achieving these aims? Well the IJA officers would tell you “by steeling your hearts”. To achieve all of this required extreme indoctrination.    Japanese children grew up in regimentation, they were desensitized to violence through tales of martial glory, and were taught that their purpose in life was to serve the emperor. Upon entering  military service, they were trained out of any individualistic spirit, and taught that compassion was a weakness and had no place in the field of war. The soldier's motto was faith equaled strength.  Faith being devotion to duty and service to the Divine Emperor. Apart from ideology and spiritual toughening, training in the Japanese Imperial Army was also extremely harsh and violent. This was not even particularly a special aspect of Showa Japan, it went all the way back to the Meiji era. From a young age children's education directed them, like a pipeline for military duty.   Now at the offset of the war, Hideki Tojo released the “Senjinkun” “instructions for the battlefield”. This was basically a manual for soldiers on how to conduct war. The document was used to establish standards of behavior for Japanese troops and improve discipline and morale within the Army, it also included things like a prohibition against being taken prisoner. It stated if you were captured by the enemy, because Japan did not sign or ratify certain treaties, you would be killed or tortured by the allies, and if you survived you and your family would face shame back home, and punishment resulting typically in 6 months of prison.   Here is a small excerpt from the document Those who know shame are weak. Always think of [preserving] the honor of your community and be a credit to yourself and your family. Redouble your efforts and respond to their expectations. Never live to experience shame as a prisoner. By dying you will avoid leaving a stain on your honor.   The purpose was basically psychological warfare, against their own army. Those like Hideki Tojo believed Japan could only defeat the resource rich Americans with spirit. Thus the manuals like Senjinkun demanded the forces not ever surrender, because the allies would do horrible things, it was shameful to do so and there were disciplinary actions for any who did. In 1942 the Army amended its criminal code to specify that officers who surrendered soldiers under their command faced at least six months imprisonment, regardless of the circumstances in which the surrender took place. This change attracted little attention, however, as the Senjinkun imposed more severe consequences and had greater moral force.   In a report dated June 1945, the U.S. Office of War Information noted that 84 percent of one group of interrogated Japanese prisoners, many of whom had been injured or unconscious when captured stated that they had expected to be killed or tortured by the Allies if taken prisoner. The OWI analysts described this as being typical, and concluded that fear of the consequences of surrender, “rather than Bushido,” was the motivation for many Japanese battle deaths in hopeless circumstances–as much as, and probably more than, the other two major considerations: fear of disgrace at home, and “the positive desire to die for one's nation, ancestors, and god-emperor.”   Something barely talked about in the west, was during the Pacific War, the Americans had a habit of taking human trophies. Human trophies were Japanese skulls, gold teeth, finger bones and such. The famous novel “With the Old Breed” by Eugene Sledge spoke of his personal accounts of these actions, its a rather gruesome and dark part of the war. Now some of these actions were publicized, despite the US military's efforts to quell and hush it down. Time magazine famously had an iconic photo of a woman whose enlisted boyfriend sent her home a Japanese skull. FDR also famously was given a letter opener carved out of Japanese bones. These stories were seized up greedily by the Japanese government who used them as propaganda to prove to their soldiers what would happen if they were captured. It had a profound effect as you can imagine. And this was not limited to Japanese soldiers. The propaganda machine would contribute at the end of the war to mass civilian suicides on Okinawa and Saipan.   Back to the POW subject. When it came to the treatment of POW's, Hideki Tojo began submitting in May of 1942 a series of memorandum, basic orders as to how POW's should be treated. “Prisoners of war can be used for the enlargement of our production and as military labor, white prisoners of war will be confined successively in Korea, Formosa and Manchuria. Superior technicians and high ranking officers -- Colonels and above -- will be included among the prisoners of war confined in Formosa. Those who are not suitable for use in enlargement of our production will be confined in prisoner of war camps which will be built immediately on the spot.Although the working of prisoner of war officers and warrant officers is forbidden by the Regulations of 1903, the policy of the control authorities is that under the situation of our country where not one person now eats without working they want them to set to work. It is desired that you give proper orders on this.The present situation of affairs in this country does not permit anyone to lie idle doing nothing but eating freely. With that in view, in dealing with prisoners of war, I hope you will see that they may be usefully employed. In Japan, we have our own ideology concerning prisoners of war, which should naturally make their treatment more or less different from that in Europe and America. In dealing with them, you should, of course, observe the various Regulations concerned, aim at an adequate application of them . . . At the same time, you must not allow them to lie idle doing nothing but eating freely for even a single day. Their labor and technical skill should be fully utilized for the replenishment of production, and contribution rendered toward the prosecution of the Greater East Asiatic War for which no effort ought to be spared."   Thus in the end as a grunt in the IJA you were led to believe: if I am captured I will be tortured, killed maybe turned into a letter opener, or someone will place my skull on their mantle. If I surrender and survive and make it back home, I will be severely punished and worst of all me and my family will be shamed. I could not expect any humanity from the enemy, because my nation did not sign or ratify treaties like the Geneva convention. More so, because my armies conduct was so unbelievably barbaric, I could only expect the very same from my enemy. It was a vicious cycle. You perform atrocities, expecting the enemy to do the same, and thus it just keeps perpetuating itself. Ultra-Nationalism and Racism   Now we spoke a little bit about the concept of the Yamato race, the Japanese were indoctrinated to believe they were a superior race and that their emperor was something akin to a living god. Until this war, the Japanese empire was on a hell of a winning streak going all the way back to the Meiji Era. For the first half of the Pacific war, the Japanese won nearly every battle. This led to something historians called “victory disease” that made them become somewhat arrogant and cocky, but it also made them feel “superhuman”. The allies' news reporting at the beginning of the war began to frantically refer to the Japanese as “supermen”or  “super jungle fighters”. Particularly because of the Malay campaign, the Japanese soldier just seemed to be tougher, could survive harsher jungle climates, even doing so with less food or war materials. The Japanese read the allied news reports and came to the conclusion that had been driven down their throats by their government, indeed the Japanese spirit was winning the war. The Japanese public ate this up in their propaganda and it perpetuated their ultra-nationalistic beliefs. The Japanese truly came to believe they were destined to rule the asia-pacific. Look at the results in China for example. Within a short amount of time they conquered much of China, though the public really had no idea how bad the China was bottled down by 1940. Then came the greater east asia co-prosperity sphere propaganda, which is an excellent example of their megalomania.    Yet alongside their ultra-nationalism, seen more strongly perpetuated against other Asian groups, the Japanese also indoctrinated their public with racism against them. The Yellow Peril of the 19th century and anti-japanese or anti-asian racism fueled the Japanese soldiers. The Japanese as a people had faced brutal racist hardships historically at the hands of the west, particularly from their point of view from America. There was the slights against them during the first sino-japanese war, the infamous triple intervention of france, germany and Russia stealing away their prize that was the liaodong peninsula. Then during the Boxer rebellion they faced racism, not being allowed to lead mutli national army formations, despite them being the lionshare of said military force. The Russo-Japanese war saw from their point of view, America stealing their war prizes. Last but not least, after WW1 they were told to their faces that they were a world power, but not racially equal. The Japanese faced anti-Japanese and anti-asian immigration laws when it came to America in the form of the gentleman's agreement and Australia's “great white Australia policy”. During the war, the American propaganda machine began pumping out racist caricatures of Japanese as rats, goggle eyed  bucktooth people, literal yellow monkey's.   For the IJA the pacific war in many was a holy war directed at the arrogant whites who had abused them for so long. This will probably sound controversial, but indeed, the pacific war was very much a race war. If you are not convinced of that, I recommend reading “War without Mercy: Race and Power in the Pacific War” by John Dower. The human trophy taking, anti-japanese bucktooth, rat people cartoon propaganda, history of racial abuse like the japanese concentration camps, the gentleman's agreement, the stealing of victories during the first sino-japanese war, russo-japanese war and ww1 all plagued the mind of a Japanese soldier. To them in many ways, the “whites had it coming”. Which is rather ironic given how the Japanese would treat the other asian racial groups they came into contact with. But such is the contradictory nature of the Imperial Japanese military.    The Japanese also held racist beliefs about the westerners. The Japanese soldiers were taught the allies were akin to demons or beasts. They were described often as “the hairy ones” or “anglo-American demons”. Taught these men would rape women and girls, stample upon the civilians they captured with the treads of their tanks. The marines were especially dreaded.  According to a story circulated widely among the Japanese on Saipan, all Marine Corps recruits were compelled to murder their own parents before being inducted into service. It was said that Japanese soldiers taken prisoner would suffer hideous tortures—their ears, noses, and limbs would be cut off; they would be blinded and castrated; they could also be cooked and fed to dogs. As silly as this may sound, do remember the Americans were taking human trophies so the Japanese propaganda machine had its evidence. Tons of photos of skulls atop american tanks for example were displayed to the Japanese public. Another famous one was the cartoon appearing in an American servicemen's magazine, which was later reproduced and translated in the Japanese press. It suggested the existence of “Japanese hunting licenses, promising open season on the enemy, complete with free ammunition and equipment—with pay!    In terms of how the Japanese exacted their own racism towards their fellow asians. During the War the Japanese dragged into forced labor, Koreans, Chinese and southeast asians. 670,000 Koreans were brought to Japan to work mines and heavy industry, around 60,000 of them died to harsh conditions. Between April 1943 to May 1945, 41,862 Chinese were sent to Japan to work, 2800 died before even reaching the home islands. 6872 died in the work sites again from brutal conditions. When it comes to southeast asian numbers are hard to pinpoint but its safe to say at least 300,000 Javanese, Malay, Burmese, Tamil and other groups were mobilized to construct the Burma-Siam railroad between October 1942 to november 1943 and 60,000 perished. This all went for the men, for the women, all those racial groups would face the horrors of becoming comfort women, historians estimate there could have been 50-200,000 pressed into it. But for the Japanese, believing their were superior to these other asiatic groups, groups whom they would publicly say were like children, they as the father figure would guide, well they simply abused them.   So in a contradictive fashion, the Japanese believed they were superior and could do horrible things to their Asian neighbors while simultaneously decrying the racism cast towards them by western powers as justification for their brutal actions against them. These types of feelings and perspectives molded the mind of the average Japanese soldier, dehumanizing others has always been a standard military practice afterall.    Surrender & the Bastardization of the Bushido code   I think this is one the vast majority of WW2 history buffs know, the Japanese perspective on surrender and the bushido code. In the book “military trials of war criminals in the Netherlands east indies 1946-1949” Fred Borch had this to say about the variable of bushido for the brutality   As Japan continued its modernization in the early 20th century, her armed forces became convinced that success in battle would be assured if Japanese soldiers, sailors, and airmen had the "spirit" of Bushido. ... The result was that the Bushido code of behavior "was inculcated into the Japanese soldier as part of his basic training." Each soldier was indoctrinated to accept that it was the greatest honor to die for the Emperor and it was cowardly to surrender to the enemy. ... Bushido therefore explains why the Japanese soldiers who were stationed in the NEI so mistreated POWs in their custody. Those who had surrendered to the Japanese—regardless of how courageously or honorably they had fought—merited nothing but contempt; they had forfeited all honor and literally deserved nothing. Consequently, when the Japanese murdered POWs by shooting, beheading, and drowning, these acts were excused since they involved the killing of men who had forfeited all rights to be treated with dignity or respect. While civilian internees were certainly in a different category from POWs, it is reasonable to think that there was a "spill-over" effect from the tenets of Bushido.   It is very true, the Japanese soldiers and sailors were taught Japan was a sacred nation. Traditional samurai values of bushido were merged with modern training and weaponry. The government propagandized the figure of the Emperor as a living god who embodied the Japanese state, the Kokutai. Emperor Hirohito and his family were the spiritual essence of Japan. To even show your back to the enemy let alone surrender was deemed cowardly and brought dishonor upon your family. As written by Inouye Jukichi in 1910, something read by many Japanese “The Japanese warriors looked upon it as shame to themselves not to die when their Lord was hard pressed . . . their own shame was the shame upon their parents, their family, their house and their whole clan, and with this idea deeply impressed upon their minds, the Samurai, no matter of what rank, held their lives light as feathers when compared with the weight they attached to the maintenance of a spotless name”.    Young men of Japan were taught that "The greatest honor is to die for the Emperor" Additionally precept the Japanese were taught that it is an ignominy to surrender to the enemy. The combined effect of these two precepts was to inculcate in the Japanese soldier a spirit of contempt for Allied soldiers who surrendered, which, in defiance of the rules of war, was demonstrated in their ill-treatment of prisoners. They made no distinction between the soldier who fought honorably and courageously up to an inevitable surrender, and the soldier who surrendered without a fight. All enemy soldiers who surrendered under any circumstance were to be regarded as being disgraced and entitled to live only by the tolerance of their captors.   Surrender was unforgivable under their code, drilled into them through the Imperial Japanese education system and military. When the Japanese would come across vast swathes of the enemy surrendering, particularly if the enemy used up all their ammunition killing their comrades and then surrendered, well it added fuel to their brutality. One only needs to look at the deaths due to Banzai charges, take for example the incredibly massive one at the battle of Saipan seeing around 4000 dead Japanese. IJA officers brought ancestral katana's to the war, the Japanese cut off the heads of the enemies as it was seen to be honorable. When faced with death, many chose to commit seppuku, the bushido propaganda was intense.    A brutal practice emerged in the Pacific island hopping campaign, whereupon wounded Japanese would pretend to be dead or surrender only to explode grenades upon allied forces coming closer. This began to be noticed by US marines during the battle of Guadalcanal and Australians in New Guinea. This began a vicious cycle . There were of course Japanese who would surrender. Hell the Koreans forced into service often did try to surrender, but they would all be hampered by something. Because of the actions of those Japanese feinted death and taking down allied soldiers with them, the allied soldiers gradually began a practice of not bothering to accept surrender. It became a self fulfilling prophecy. Many Japanese made the allies believe all they could expect was a grenade death, thus the allies became more brutal to them. This simply led the Japanese to conclude their government was accurate about how the allies would treat them, so more and more did not surrender. An absolutely horrible cycle that went on to the very end of the war, though the allies did figure out means to get Japanese to surrender more in the last year.    The Brutality of the Japanese military   I think this is probably one of the most important factors, and its also one the “normies” would not know as much about. The Imperial Japanese military, more so the Army, had what I can only describe as a built in system of abuse. As described to me by the same university professor I keep bringing up in podcasts, picture a literal pecking order. Going from the highest ranked general to the very bottom grunt. Imagine each one who is higher than the other, routinely physically abuses them. For example, it was very typical for a colonel to slap a major across the face, the major would then strike one of his captains, and the abuse would continue through the ranks to the grunts who would have no one to abuse, thus they turned to POW's or civilian populations. This was not just an accepted part of the Japanese Imperial Army it was indoctrinated.    From day one of basic training, IJA officers taught their men, races like the Chinese were their blood enemies and racially inferior. These were people the Japanese would rule over one day. The trainers would toss the boys into rigorous training activities involving physical violence towards another alongside the notion any orders given by a higher ranking officer was infallible and to be treated as if the divine emperor himself, the living god was giving it.    The Japanese army even taught methods of torture that would be employed in all areas they occupied. Among these tortures were the water treatment, burning, electric shocks, the knee spread, suspension, kneeling on sharp instruments and flogging. The Kempetai, were the ones doing the lionshare of these tortures. Other Army and Navy units, however, used the same methods as the Kempetai. Camp guards performed similar methods, local police forces organized by the Kempetai in the occupied territories also applied the same methods of torture. The Kempetai were administered by the War Ministry, trained at specialized schools who were maintained and operated by the War Ministry in Japan. Thus the conduct of Kempetai and the camp guards directly reflected the policy of the War Ministry.    The Japanese army leadership made sure recruits were physically and mentally abused, they were given strenuously duty tasks and pushed to their absolute limit. During the war given where they were deployed, take guadalcanal for example, the Japanese soldiers would be facing starvation as well. Being half starved, beaten and suffering the effects of war would drive anyone to perform horrifying acts. The life of a Japanese solider was simply at the whims of an extremely toxic management culture. The lowest ranking echelons received the lionshare of abuse and they took out their frustration with whomever they could find deemed lower than them, ie: POW's, civilians, etc.   All of these variables combined contributed to the creation of a military willing to perform just about any atrocity they thought necessary to win the war. It was a war they could not hope to win, but many of them went to their deaths trying to defeat the hands of fate. There are countless other reasons of course for the atrocities committed in cold or hot blood. Countless books have been written on this subject, please do check out the few I mentioned. With that again, a big thanks to you patreons, you guys are awesome. Please let me know what you think in the comments, and what you want to hear more about in the future. This has been the pacific war channel over and out.

In 1948, as the Cold War was taking shape, the United States passed the Smith–Mundt Act, officially known as the U.S. Information and Educational Exchange Act. Its purpose was simple but profound: empower the U.S. government to produce and distribute information and cultural programming abroad to promote American values, while explicitly forbidding the use of those same propaganda tools on the American public. This legal firewall reflected a deep suspicion of government-run information campaigns at home, rooted in lessons from World War II.During the war, the U.S. and its allies had learned firsthand how powerful propaganda could be. Britain's BBC World Service provided trusted broadcasts into occupied Europe. Japan's “Tokyo Rose” and Germany's “Lord Haw-Haw” used radio to weaken enemy morale. The U.S. Office of War Information produced posters, films, and broadcasts for both domestic and foreign audiences. By 1948, lawmakers wanted America to compete in the global battle for hearts and minds—but without turning those tools inward.Under Smith–Mundt, outlets like Voice of America (VOA) and Radio Free Europe could beam uncensored news into the Eastern Bloc, Africa, and Asia. U.S. embassies could distribute pamphlets promoting democracy abroad. But none of this material could legally be disseminated to Americans at home. The separation was strict: VOA could broadcast to Cuba or the USSR—but not to Kansas. This was about trust. Citizens needed to believe their news media was independent of government influence.For decades, the system held. Propaganda was for “export only.” Domestic audiences got their information from private media, foreign audiences from U.S. state-sponsored broadcasters. But the digital revolution eroded these boundaries. By the early 2000s, a radio segment for Afghan listeners could be uploaded to YouTube and viewed in Cleveland the same day. Social media made it impossible to stop foreign-directed content from “boomeranging” back home.In 2013, the Smith–Mundt Modernization Act took effect, removing the ban on domestic access to foreign-targeted U.S. content. The State Department and U.S. Agency for Global Media (USAGM) could now make VOA, Radio Free Asia, and other materials available in the United States. Supporters argued the change was about transparency—acknowledging the internet had already made the old firewall meaningless. Critics saw a dangerous precedent: legalizing domestic exposure to state-crafted narratives.The stakes are high because propaganda is not just a relic of the past—it's a core pillar of modern statecraft. Political scientist Joseph Nye's concept of “soft power” captures the idea: nations shape outcomes through attraction and persuasion, not just coercion. During the Cold War, the U.S. invested heavily in cultural diplomacy, educational exchanges like Fulbright, and media operations like Radio Liberty. Other nations played the same game: Britain's BBC World Service, Russia's Radio Moscow and later RT, China's CGTN, and even North Korea's border loudspeakers aimed at the South.Today, the boundaries have vanished. U.S. government content streams online alongside private news and foreign state media. Russian social media campaigns, Chinese video platforms, and American-funded broadcasters all compete for attention in the same feeds. In 2025, North Korea dismantled its last propaganda loudspeaker—but the global information war has only grown louder in digital form.The Smith–Mundt firewall was designed for a world of clear borders and controlled media channels. That world is gone. The 2013 rollback aligned the law with technological reality, but it also erased the formal assurance that Americans would be free from their own government's influence campaigns. In the 21st century, the battle for hearts and minds has no borders—every message is now for everyone, everywhere, all at once.

Did you know we can trace the Psychological Operations Regiment to a single person?Did you know PSYOP played a role in the Office of Strategic Services?They were there at the landings of Normandy, in the planning for Desert Storm, and remain a critical component to military victory in the modern age.Join us as we host Dr. Jared Tracy, the Army Special Operations Forces' Deputy Command Historian, as he dives deep with us on the nuances and facts of the PSYOP Regiment and its history. About the guest:Dr. Jared M. Tracy, PhD served six years in the U.S. Army, and became a historian at the US Army Special Operations Command (USASOC) in December 2010. He earned an MA in History from Virginia Commonwealth University, an MDiv in Theology from Liberty University, and a PhD in History from Kansas State University. Dr. Tracy is now the deputy command historian for USASOC at Fort Liberty, North Carolina. He previously concentrated on PSYOP history, but now he researches and writes on a wide range of ARSOF-related topics. His writing has appeared in Military Review, NCO Journal, Southern Historian, and Veritas: Journal of Army Special Operations History. About the hosts:Maj. Ashley "Ash" Holzmann is an experienced Psychological Operations Officer who served within the re-established PSYWAR School at the United States Army JFK Special Warfare Center and School. He is now transitioning to attend grad school at Arizona State University with a follow-on assignment at West Point's Army Cyber Institute where he will research misinformation.Sgt. Maj. Derek Riley is one of the most experienced Civil Affairs Non-commissioned Officers in the Army Special Operations Regiment. He has incredible deployment experience and serves within the Civil Affairs Proponent at the United States Army JFK Special Warfare Center and School. From the episode:Victory Through Influence (Dr. Tracy's first book):https://www.tamupress.com/book/9781648430343/victory-through-influence/The ARSOC History website:https://arsof-history.org/about.html#tracyDr. Tracy's dissertation is publicly available here:https://krex.k-state.edu/items/333a90d2-6c98-4ac2-aa90-0e33a46c9e3fHis writing on the history of PSYOP and PSYWAR has even been posted to the main army website:https://www.army.mil/article/199431/100_years_of_subterfuge_the_history_of_army_psychological_operations Article on rebuilding the PSYWAR capability:https://arsof-history.org/articles/v7n2_intro_page_1.htmlIs Taylor Swift a PSYOP (featuring Dr. Tracy)?https://www.wired.com/story/taylor-swift-psyop-conspiracy/The Guardian article referenced about Panama (featuring Dr. Tracy):https://www.theguardian.com/music/audio/2021/feb/03/reverberate-episode-2-rick-astley-versus-the-dictator-of-panama-podcastWhat did PSYOP do during Operation Just Cause in Panama. Ash disappointedly was not able to find the interview of the captain, but the ARSOF Historians have covered this exact operation in detail:https://arsof-history.org/articles/21feb_psyop_just_cause_page_1.htmlFrom that article:"Then, LTG Stiner (with Thurman's approval) ordered a PSYOP-led “sound barrier” around the Nunciature after Christmas to prevent media eavesdropping on negotiations between MG Marc A. Cisneros, Commander, USARSO, and José Sebastían Laboa, the Papal Nuncio (Vatican diplomatic representative). Deafening, round-the-clock music from cassette tapes and local radio stations blared through 450-watt loudspeakers mounted on HMMWVs."The art and science of PSYOP has been written about at length:https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/citations/ADA030140Heber Blankenhorn's story is even more interesting in detail:https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1540-6563.1983.tb01579.xThe ARSOF Historian's office has also covered multiple articles that mention Blankenhorn:https://arsof-history.org/icons/blankenhorn.htmlThe Committee on Public Information (CPI) is a rabbit hole unto itself:https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/the-great-war-master-of-american-propaganda/Lippmann wrote the first book on Public Opinion:https://www.amazon.com/Public-Opinion-Walter-Lippmann/dp/B099G6S24P/ref=sr_1_3?dib=eyJ2IjoiMSJ9.uCSJpfoI3vI2Iv8MR449ZCjuaVyRTA3QZ-grEOo-5EOiZYbL8mci1OiMEfmyOzPHFC6acuxTTevKTq2jjgkeGWXccFMnkYkRIHJEOyJOR6OGTB4x9r0YHHP5CjNSJzgHhkQDDHzHOJOIRwlXyZhFPGROmrUxCD-aKDmRwK0SdzQoBq-9vRTUhziliA6pq0OvmaG-bHwQBnBlWyaTUjORLX4SFN-Tizrr5V8c_vWKqd8.5U0CbgjyyhXy9E5E_bJnGfS21HAxqUiQwc-I-2W6NDU&dib_tag=se&keywords=public+opinion&qid=1729801247&sr=8-3Bernays re-wrote the book on Public Opinion:https://www.amazon.com/Crystallizing-Public-Opinion-Edward-Bernays/dp/107827326X/ref=sr_1_2_sspa?dib=eyJ2IjoiMSJ9.uCSJpfoI3vI2Iv8MR449ZCjuaVyRTA3QZ-grEOo-5EOiZYbL8mci1OiMEfmyOzPHFC6acuxTTevKTq2jjgkeGWXccFMnkYkRIHJEOyJOR6OGTB4x9r0YHHP5CjNSJzgHhkQDDHzHOJOIRwlXyZhFPGROmrUxCD-aKDmRwK0SdzQoBq-9vRTUhziliA6pq0OvmaG-bHwQBnBlWyaTUjORLX4SFN-Tizrr5V8c_vWKqd8.5U0CbgjyyhXy9E5E_bJnGfS21HAxqUiQwc-I-2W6NDU&dib_tag=se&keywords=public+opinion&qid=1729801247&sr=8-2-spons&sp_csd=d2lkZ2V0TmFtZT1zcF9hdGY&psc=1Book - The Averaged American:https://www.hup.harvard.edu/books/9780674027428The modern definition of PSYOP:https://www.goarmy.com/careers-and-jobs/specialty-careers/special-ops/psychological-operationsThe Smith-Mundt Act:https://www.congress.gov/bill/112th-congress/house-bill/5736Morale Operations within the Office of Strategic Services (OSS):https://arsof-history.org/articles/v3n4_oss_primer_page_1.htmlPublic Records on the Office of War Information:https://www.archives.gov/research/foreign-policy/related-records/rg-208Declassified records regarding The Psychological Warfare Division of Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force (PWD SHAEF) from the CIA's website:https://www.cia.gov/readingroom/docs/CIA-RDP78-01634R000400120001-4.pdfThe First Motion Picture Unit:https://www.archives.gov/files/calendar/know-your-records/handouts-presentations/sept19-presentation.pdfRazzle Dazzles ships:https://99percentinvisible.org/episode/episode-65-razzle-dazzle/The Ghost Army of World War II:https://ghostarmy.org/A book on the history of the Information Control Division:https://nonstopsystems.com/radio/pdf-hell/article-hell-rwnlst.pdfThe United States Information Agency:https://www.federalregister.gov/agencies/united-states-information-agencyGen Schwarzkopf and PSYOP:https://arsof-history.org/articles/21oct_psyop_in_operation_ds_pt1_page_1.html Army Special Operations Recruiting:SOF Recruiting Page (soc.mil)https://www.soc.mil/USASOCHQ/recruiting.html GoArmySOF Site:https://www.goarmysof.army.mil/ The Official Podcast of the United States Army Special Warfare Center and School!USAJFKSWCS selects and trains all Army Special Forces, Civil Affairs, and Psychological Operations soldiers. Please visit our website at: https://www.swcs.milBe sure to check us out and follow us at:https://www.facebook.com/jfkcenterandschoolhttps://www.instagram.com/u.s.armyswcs/https://www.youtube.com/c/USAJFKSWCS/videosPlease like, subscribe, and leave a review! If you enjoyed this, join the underground by sharing it with someone else. Word-of-mouth is how movements like this spread.

Trots att själva landstigningen på Normandies stränder var över, var inte operation Overlord avslutat. Vägen till Paris och befrielsen av Frankrike var fortfarande kantad av en mycket kapabel tysk motståndare beordrad att slåss tills inget fanns kvar.Det brohuvud som landstigningen hade inneburit var fortfarande känsligt för riktade motoffensiver, och inte heller hade striderna i vare sig Caen eller Saint-Lô varit framgångsrika.I denna nymixade repris av Militärhistoriepodden pratar idéhistorikern Peter Bennesved och professorn i historia Martin Hårdstedt om fortsättningen på Operation Overlord och befrielsen av Frankrike.Efter landstigningen stod Montgomerys anfall mot Caen och stampade utan resultat och det skulle ta en månad innan staden föll. I slutändan var det de allierades luftherravälde som vann dagen, till kostnad av tusentals civila liv och en stad i ruiner. Samma sak gällde staden Saint-Lô som låg straxt västerut. Först i mitten av juli säkrades Saint-Lô. Caen och Saint-Lô var strategiskt viktiga städer för de allierade. Utan dem under kontroll, skulle de allierades brohuvud aldrig vara säkert.När dessa positioner var tagna i slutet av juli och början av augusti, övergick de allierade till att försöka ringa in det kvarvarande tyska motståndet runt Falaise. Denna offensiv ledde till den i historieskrivningen mycket omtalade Falaise-fickan, i vilken runt 50 000 tyska soldater i armégrupp väst skulle bli infångade. Framgångsrikt kan tyckas, men i själva verket ledde oklara order och motsättningar inom den allierade befälskåren till att den största andelen av den tyska armén faktiskt undkom med stor del av sin utrustning i behåll. De som blev kvar i fickan har Hitler att tacka, som trots dåliga utsikter och utan tillgång till bränsle, beordrade sina generaler på marken att gå till motanfall djupare in i den ficka som de allierade hade skapat runt den tyska armén.När armégrupp väst väl var utslagen och de centrala knutpunkterna var under kontroll i norra Frankrike, inleddes nästa del i landstigningen. Frågan var dock vilken riktning man skulle ta? Eisenhower tvekade länge om något krut skulle läggas på att befria Paris, eller om man istället skulle rikta den allierade offensiven direkt österut, gå mot floden Rhen, och låta den tyska garnisonen i Paris, ledd av Dietrich von Choltitz, svälta ut sig själv. Ingen önskade göra ett nytt Stalingrad av Paris, och de allierade var medvetna om att Hitler beordrat att Paris skulle läggas i ruiner om staden inte kunde hållas.Politiken kom dock ifatt Eisenhower, och efter påtryckningar från General De Gaulle, samt insikten att det kunde vara farligt att ha ett tyskt hot mot de allierades flanker under den fortsatta offensiven, fattades beslutet att Paris skulle befrias. Vid det här laget var dock en av General De Gaulles närmsta män, LeClerc och den 2:a Franska pansardivisionen redan på väg. Frågan var bara hur den tyska garnisonen och von Choltitz skulle reagera, och vilken roll skulle den franska motståndsrörelsen spela i detta drama. Skulle Paris brinna?Bild: Pariasare kantar Paris paradgata Champs Elysees för att Fria frankrikes stridsvagnar och General Leclercs 2:a pansardivision passerar genom Triumfbågen, efter att Paris befriades den 26 augusti 1944. Bland folkmassan kan ses banderoller till stöd för Charles de Gaulle. Foto: Jack Downey, U.S. Office of War Information, Wikipedia, Public Domain.Lyssna också på Landstigningen i Normandie 1944 Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Today we have an episode featuring several short news updates and other items from this week in 1944. First, we have a conversation between World War ! ace Eddie Rickenbacker and World War II ace Richard Bong shortly after Bong broke Rickenbacker's record by shooting down his 27th Japanese aircraft. That is followed by a news update from the U.S. Office of War Information. Finally, we have a German propaganda broadcast, aimed at the Allied military and other English speakers. Visit our website at BrickPickleMedia.com/podcasts. Subscribe to the ad-free version at https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/worldwar2radio/subscribe

Today's Mystery :A former police detective is disabled while serving overseas and his battalion members are killed after a native waiter reports their planned attack. But how did the spy know?Original Radio Broadcast Date: November 18, 1943Originating in New YorkFrom the Office of War Information, taken from the network broadcast of a 30 minute episodeStarring: Sydney Smith as Ellery Queen, Marian Shockley, Santos Ortega, Ted de CorsiaArmchair Detectives: Virginia Fields and Ed SullivanWebsite Referenced: Ellery Queen, A Website of DeductionSupport the show monthly at patreon.greatdetectives.netPatreon Supporter of the Day: Kerry, Patreon Supporter since November 2018Support the show on a one-time basis at http://support.greatdetectives.net.Mail a donation to: Adam Graham, PO Box 15913, Boise, Idaho 83715Take the listener survey at http://survey.greatdetectives.netGive us a call at 208-991-4783Follow us on Instagram at http://instagram.com/greatdetectivesFollow us on Twitter @radiodetectivesJoin us again tomorrow for another detective drama from the Golden Age of Radio.

Ett av andra världskrigets mest framträdande karaktärsdrag var terrorbombning av civilbefolkningen med målet att knäcka motståndsviljan. London led svårt under Blitzen och Rotterdam bombades sönder närmast av misstag. Senare i kriget jämnades städer som Hamburg, Berlin, Dresden och Tokyo med marken av enorma bombskvadroner.Militära teoretiker förstod tidigt att flyget skulle förändra kriget i grunden. Naivt trodde man att enstaka bombanfall skulle kunna knäcka ett lands motståndsvilja – när verkligheten var precis tvärt om. Trots civilbefolkningens lidande under bombanfallen ökade bara motståndet.I detta avsnitt av podden Historia Nu samtalar programledaren Urban Lindstedt med Ulf Zander, professor i historia vid Lunds universitet, aktuell med boken Bombkriget 1939-45. Detta är del ett av två avsnitt om bombkriget under andra världskriget.Under andra världskriget genomgick bombkriget en betydande utveckling. Bombplanen kunde bära allt fler och tyngre bomber, nya sikten tillät precisionsbombning, och nya strategier som bombmattor utvecklades.Det fälldes miljontals bomber över både militära och civila mål. Förlusterna var stora - både bland de nedskjutna bombplanen och de som blev offer för bombraiderna på marken. Trots att bombsiktena förbättrades väsentligt, övergavs målsättningen att precisionsbomba militära mål till förmån för "area bombing", vilket framför allt drabbade civila.Under andra världskriget blev städer som Rotterdam, London, Hamburg, Dresden, Tokyo samt Hiroshima och Nagasaki mål för massiva bombningar. Dessa bombningar ledde till omfattande förstörelse och stora förluster av människoliv.För de som utsattes för bombanfallen var konsekvenserna ofta katastrofala. Bortsett från de direkta fysiska skadorna och dödsfallen ledde bombningarna till omfattande förstörelse av hem, skolor, sjukhus och annan infrastruktur. Många överlevande led av psykologiskt trauma långt efter krigets slut.Men även att tjänstgöra ombord på ett bombplan var ett farligt och psykiskt krävande arbete. Förlusterna var stora och många besättningsmän upplevde psykiska trauman som följd av sina erfarenheter.Bombningarnas effekt på krigets utgång är ett ämne för debatt bland historiker. Vissa menar att de bidrog till att försvaga Tysklands kampvilja och kapacitet att fortsätta kriget, medan andra hävdar att deras effekt var begränsad jämfört med andra faktorer.Bild: Amerikanska B-17-plan bombar Focke-Wulfs flygplansfabrik i Malbork den 9 oktober 1943. U.S. Office for Emergency Management. Office of War Information, Wikipedia Public Domain.Musik: Sols Dream av Humans Win, Storyblock Audio.Klippare: Emanuel Lehtonen Vill du stödja podden och samtidigt höra ännu mer av Historia Nu? Gå med i vårt gille genom att klicka här: https://plus.acast.com/s/historianu-med-urban-lindstedt. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Chapter 1 What's The Chrysanthemum and the Sword Book by Ruth Benedict"The Chrysanthemum and the Sword" is a book written by American anthropologist Ruth Benedict. It was first published in 1946 and is considered one of the most influential works in the field of cultural anthropology. The book focuses on the study of Japanese culture and society, particularly during World War II.Benedict was commissioned by the United States Office of War Information to analyze and understand the Japanese people in order to aid the American war effort. She conducted her research based on a variety of sources, including interviews with Japanese immigrants in the United States and scholarly works on Japanese history and culture.In "The Chrysanthemum and the Sword," Benedict explores various aspects of Japanese culture, such as the importance of honor and shame, the concepts of loyalty and duty, the role of the family, and the effects of Confucianism on societal values. She also delves into the distinctions between Western and Japanese culture, highlighting areas where the two differ significantly.The title of the book is derived from a famous Japanese saying, "Under the chrysanthemum, the sword sleeps." This saying represents the contrasting elements of beauty and violence that are intertwined within Japanese culture."The Chrysanthemum and the Sword" is considered a seminal work in the study of Japanese culture and has influenced subsequent anthropological works on East Asia. It provides valuable insights into Japanese society and offers a nuanced understanding of the complexities of their cultural beliefs and practices.Chapter 2 Is The Chrysanthemum and the Sword Book A Good BookThe subjective nature of determining whether a book is "good" or not makes it difficult to provide a definitive answer. However, "The Chrysanthemum and the Sword" by Ruth Benedict is widely regarded as an influential and important work in the field of anthropology. Published in 1946, the book offers insights into Japanese culture, society, and the impact of World War II. It has been used as a resource for cross-cultural studies and has sparked discussions about cultural relativism. If you have an interest in anthropology, Japanese culture, or the impacts of war on society, this book might be worth exploring.Chapter 3 The Chrysanthemum and the Sword Book by Ruth Benedict Summary"The Chrysanthemum and the Sword" is a book written by Ruth Benedict, an American anthropologist, in 1946. The book provides a detailed analysis of Japanese culture, particularly focusing on the years leading up to and during World War II.Benedict explores various aspects of Japanese society, such as education, family structure, social hierarchy, and the influence of Confucianism and Shintoism. She argues that the cultural norms and values of the Japanese people at the time were deeply rooted in tradition and emphasized group harmony and social roles.The title of the book, "The Chrysanthemum and the Sword," comes from a Japanese legend that symbolizes the dichotomy between two aspects of Japanese culture: the delicate beauty and aestheticism represented by the chrysanthemum, and the samurai warrior culture represented by the sword.Throughout the book, Benedict delves into topics such as the role of women in Japanese society, the concept of "face" and social expectations, the importance of loyalty and honor, and the impact of the war on the Japanese people.Benedict also examines the influence of American occupation and how it contributed to significant cultural changes in Japan. She provides insights into the contrast between Japanese cultural values and Western ideals, highlighting the challenges and misunderstandings...

We follow Ivan's parents, the peripatetic idle rich leftist novelist/journalists Ira and Edita Morris, from their wartime career “writing” in Haiti on the eve of the coup that brought the progressive President Estimé to power, then making “democratic” anti-fascist propaganda for the American Office of War Information and the Voice of America while moving in Brecht's circle including the Eisler siblings, whose persecution by the House Un-American Activities Committee led the brothers to flee to Europe and the sister, Ruth Fischer, to turn anti-communist professor at Harvard. In this context, Edita leaves behind a most puzzling letter to a member of the Eisler family, talking mysteriously about “the step which I have taken”... Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

The Israel, Gaza, Hamas war has turned into a propaganda nightmare. It is now virtually impossible to distinguish truth from falsehood. --- Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/humble-brag/support

Special Edition Episode. The latest updates on the war in Israel; a personal and biblical perspective and how you can fight alongside Israel from where you're at. TIME STAMPED OVERVIEW 00:00:01] Special edition podcast addressing war in Israel [00:03:01] Our spiritual connection with Israel. [00:07:38] Imagining the horror. [00:08:10] Brave couple hides twins, shoots terrorists, dies. [00:16:01] Facebook took down video, comments, and posts. [00:21:45] Israel turns on water in southern Gaza. Praying for innocent civilians in Palestine. Hamas in power for a long time. [00:23:16] Difficult to find people in Palestine who support peace. [00:31:41] Hamas indoctrination children with violent ideology. [00:38:49] Israel's response sparks concerns about moral equivalence. [00:42:43] Rocket misfiring blamed on Hamas, not Israel. [00:48:05] Neighborhood tragedy: multiple shootings kill families. [00:53:53] Hamas Charter. [01:00:33] Naive leftists support people who harm them. [01:03:00] US running parallel with Israel. [01:05:32] Biden's speech was good, but Gaza aid? [01:17:39] Hamas staged killing of boy by IDF soldier. Footage of boy unharmed. Hamas removes videos of alleged casualties. [01:18:29] "Hamas propaganda: Dead babies revealed as dolls" [02:20:29] Isaiah 60. The Restoration of Israel. [01:23:51] Israel's hope is our hope [01:26:32] Urgent church appeal from Genesis 123 Foundation. [01:28:41] "Please pray for soldiers and their families." [01:29:47] Soldier needs: vests, equipment, hygienic supplies, communication. [01:35:51] AIPAC; how to contact our government officials to stand unequivocally with Israel. [01:38:43] "Voice needed: Share atrocities, join warrior battalion." [01:40:30] Fighting on the front lines of social media. . Prayers and donations can make a difference. [01:43:00] Why Israel, as well as Christians are hated by many. [01:45:53] Building one another up, being bold and holding onto hope. christianpodcastcommunity.org onelittlecandlepodcast.com

Special Edition Episode. The latest updates on the war in Israel; a personal and biblical perspective and how you can fight alongside Israel from where you're at. TIME STAMPED OVERVIEW 00:00:01] Special edition podcast addressing war in Israel [...

Special Edition Episode. The latest updates on the war in Israel; a personal and biblical perspective and how you can fight alongside Israel from where you're at. TIME STAMPED OVERVIEW 00:00:01] Special edition podcast addressing war in Israel [00:03:01] Our spiritual connection with Israel. [00:07:38] Imagining the horror. [00:08:10] Brave couple hides twins, shoots terrorists, dies. [00:16:01] Facebook took down video, comments, and posts. [00:21:45] Israel turns on water in southern Gaza. Praying for innocent civilians in Palestine. Hamas in power for a long time. [00:23:16] Difficult to find people in Palestine who support peace. [00:31:41] Hamas indoctrination children with violent ideology. [00:38:49] Israel's response sparks concerns about moral equivalence. [00:42:43] Rocket misfiring blamed on Hamas, not Israel. [00:48:05] Neighborhood tragedy: multiple shootings kill families. [00:53:53] Hamas Charter. [01:00:33] Naive leftists support people who harm them. [01:03:00] US running parallel with Israel. [01:05:32] Biden's speech was good, but Gaza aid? [01:17:39] Hamas staged killing of boy by IDF soldier. Footage of boy unharmed. Hamas removes videos of alleged casualties. [01:18:29] "Hamas propaganda: Dead babies revealed as dolls" [02:20:29] Isaiah 60. The Restoration of Israel. [01:23:51] Israel's hope is our hope [01:26:32] Urgent church appeal from Genesis 123 Foundation. [01:28:41] "Please pray for soldiers and their families." [01:29:47] Soldier needs: vests, equipment, hygienic supplies, communication. [01:35:51] AIPAC; how to contact our government officials to stand unequivocally with Israel. [01:38:43] "Voice needed: Share atrocities, join warrior battalion." [01:40:30] Fighting on the front lines of social media. . Prayers and donations can make a difference. [01:43:00] Why Israel, as well as Christians are hated by many. [01:45:53] Building one another up, being bold and holding onto hope. christianpodcastcommunity.org onelittlecandlepodcast.com

Journalist Wallace Carroll had a career that spanned 45 years as a journalist. His first foreign posting, in 1929, was to London with the United Press newswire service. Throughout the 1930s, he covered the major events in Europe and witnessed the Spanish Civil War first-hand. Posted back to London, he dictated his early reports of the Blitz from his office rood top. Carroll had a knack for being in places at the right time. His talents and connections got him noticed, and he finished the war working for the US government with the Office of War Information. Here, he was tasked with counteracting German propaganda and conducting 'physiological warfare'. Joining me is Mary Llewellyn McNeil. Mary has written the biography of Carroll, Century's Witness: The Extraordinary Life of Journalist Wallace Carroll. Patreonpatreon.com/ww2podcast  

Comprehensive coverage of the day's news with a focus on war and peace; social, environmental and economic justice.   Wisconsin voting rights groups sue to stop political gerrymandering of congressional districts. Florida bans some gender references in higher education. San Jose fast food workers go on strike. Peace activists rally at Livermore Laboratory for nuclear disarmament, ahead of 78th anniversary of the U.S. bombing of Hiroshima. Peace activists rally in Palo Alto to mark the 78th anniversary of the US nuclear bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. United Nation's warn this years El Nino season's impacts on human health. Zimbabwe opposition supporter stoned to death, weeks ahead of national elections. Photograph of the “Atomic Cloud Rising Over Nagasaki, Japan,” from the National Archives, Records of the Office of War Information. The post Peace activists rally in Bay Area to commemorate the 78th anniversary of the U.S. nuclear bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki; San Jose fast food workers go on strike; Zimbabwe opposition supporter stoned to death, ahead of national elections – August 4, 2023 appeared first on KPFA.

Comprehensive coverage of the day's news with a focus on war and peace; social, environmental and economic justice.   Wisconsin voting rights groups sue to stop political gerrymandering of congressional districts. Florida bans some gender references in higher education. San Jose fast food workers go on strike. Peace activists rally at Livermore Laboratory for nuclear disarmament, ahead of 78th anniversary of the U.S. bombing of Hiroshima. Peace activists rally in Palo Alto to mark the 78th anniversary of the US nuclear bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. United Nation's warn this years El Nino season's impacts on human health. Zimbabwe opposition supporter stoned to death, weeks ahead of national elections. Photograph of the “Atomic Cloud Rising Over Nagasaki, Japan,” from the National Archives, Records of the Office of War Information. The post Peace activists rally in Bay Area to commemorate the 78th anniversary of the U.S. nuclear bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki; San Jose fast food workers go on strike; Zimbabwe opposition supporter stoned to death, ahead of national elections – August 4, 2023 appeared first on KPFA.

Welcome to the Instant Trivia podcast episode 836, where we ask the best trivia on the Internet. Round 1. Category: don knotts 1: Don won 5 Emmys in the '60s for playing this jittery comic sidekick. Barney Fife. 2: Jack and Chrissy could tell you Don slayed 'em as new landlord Ralph Furley on this sitcom. Three's Company. 3: Don played a magical TV repairman in this 1998 fantasy in black and white -- and color. Pleasantville. 4: In the classic "The Ghost And Mr. Chicken", Don sought a news scoop by spending the night in one of these. Haunted house. 5: Don remarked "I am cursed with an abnormal sexual magnetism" as bird watcher Abner Peacock in this epic. The Love God?. Round 2. Category: film directors 1: Tim Burton based this sharp title character on a sketch he'd drawn in school. Edward Scissorhands. 2: Perhaps tired of his old office job, in 2018 he branched out as the director of "A Quiet Place". (John) Krasinski. 3: Vittorio De Sica directed a classic 1948 film about Antonio, who steals one of these vehicles. a bicycle. 4: This actress/filmmaker got an Oscar nomination for her direction of the 2017 film "Lady Bird". (Greta) Gerwig. 5: This alliterative Italian won Best Director for his work on "The Last Emperor". (Bernardo) Bertolucci. Round 3. Category: twain tracts 1: In a 1904 essay Twain's subject was this French saint about whom he had written a book. Joan of Arc. 2: The Sacramento Union published Twain's running account of his visit to these islands. Hawaiian Islands. 3: Twain set down the "Personal Recollections of" this female French saint and warrior. Joan of Arc. 4: "I resk forty dollars that he can outjump any frog". The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County. 5: A miner bets on his amphibian's leaping ability in "The Celebrated Jumping Frog of" this county. Calaveras County. Round 4. Category: 1990s television 1: This FOX drama follows the plight of the Salinger children, who were orphaned by a car wreck. Party of Five. 2: Roslyn, Washington represented Cicely, Alaska, the setting of this Rob Morrow series. Northern Exposure. 3: The quirky drama "Picket Fences" was set in this town in Wisconsin, not in Italy. Rome. 4: "Twin Peaks" was the first TV venture for this avant-garde filmmaker. David Lynch. 5: (Hi, I'm Arianna Huffington) Al Franken and I did a "Point-Counterpoint" segment called "Strange Bedfellows" for this Bill Maher show. Politically Incorrect. Round 5. Category: anthropologists 1: Hortense Powdermaker did fieldwork in this California place and wrote a book calling it "The Dream Factory". Hollywood. 2: Ruth Benedict's study of this country began at the behest of the U.S. Office of War Information in the 1940s. Japan. 3: Among the Ndembu, Victor Turner studied these transitional "rites", like isolation for young boys. rites of passage. 4: A debate raged between Sahlins and Obeyesekere over whether the Hawaiians really thought this man was a god. (Capt.) Cook. 5: Franz Boas organized the Jesup Expedition of 1902, exploring the relationship of people of these 2 continents. Asia and North America. Thanks for listening! Come back tomorrow for more exciting trivia! Special thanks to https://blog.feedspot.com/trivia_podcasts/

Today we have the May 20, 1943, episode of “This is Our Enemy,” which was produced by New York's WOR, the flagship station of the Mutual network. The series was sponsored by the Office of War Information and was part of the government's propaganda efforts during the war. Be sure to visit our website at BrickPickleMedia.com/podcasts for past episodes and more or find us on Facebook at facebook.com/ww2radio.

Event recorded live at IWP, DC, on February 21, 2023. About the Lecture In his State of the Union Address of 1941, President Roosevelt proclaimed “Four Freedoms.” Eighty years ago this month, the publication of four paintings by the Vermont artist Norman Rockwell inspired Americans. The Office of War Information launched a major information campaign directed at both domestic and foreign publics. The Four Freedoms became shorthand for the war goals of the Allies. Both FDR's Four Freedoms and the famous paintings by Norman Rockwell are, however, fading from public memory. Mr. Bishop will review the campaign's antecedents, the State of the Union address of 1941; the impact of Norman Rockwell's four paintings; elaboration of Four Freedom themes in sculpture, music, and film; OWI's messaging directed at domestic and foreign audiences, and the impact of the Four Freedoms in the postwar period. About the Speaker An Air Force Vietnam veteran who also served in Korea and on the Air Force Academy faculty, teaching history, Mr. Bishop joined the U.S. Information Agency as a Foreign Service Officer in 1979. During a 31-year career in USIA and State, he served in Hong Kong, Korea, Taiwan, Capitol Hill, Bangladesh, Nigeria, and twice in China. At the Pentagon, he was the Foreign Policy Advisor to the Commandant of the Marine Corps and then the USAF Chief of Staff before a final year at the American Embassy in Kabul. He is now a Krulak Center Distinguished Fellow at Marine Corps University in Quantico. Learn more about IWP graduate programs: https://www.iwp.edu/academic-programs/ Make a gift to IWP: https://interland3.donorperfect.net/weblink/WebLink.aspx?name=E231090&id=18

Trots att själva landstigningen på Normandies stränder var över, var inte operation Overlord avslutat. Vägen till Paris och befrielsen av Frankrike var fortfarande kantad av en mycket kapabel tysk motståndare beordrad att slåss tills inget fanns kvar.Det brohuvud som landstigningen hade inneburit var fortfarande känsligt för riktade motoffensiver, och inte heller hade striderna i vare sig Caen eller Saint-Lô varit framgångsrika.I dagens avsnitt av Militärhistoriepodden pratar idéhistorikern Peter Bennesved och professorn i historia Martin Hårdstedt om fortsättningen på Operation Overlord och befrielsen av Frankrike.Efter landstigningen stod Montgomerys anfall mot Caen och stampade utan resultat och det skulle ta en månad innan staden föll. I slutändan var det de allierades luftherravälde som vann dagen, till kostnad av tusentals civila liv och en stad i ruiner. Samma sak gällde staden Saint-Lô som låg straxt västerut. Först i mitten av juli säkrades Saint-Lô. Caen och Saint-Lô var strategiskt viktiga städer för de allierade. Utan dem under kontroll, skulle de allierades brohuvud aldrig vara säkert.När dessa positioner var tagna i slutet av juli och början av augusti, övergick de allierade till att försöka ringa in det kvarvarande tyska motståndet runt Falaise. Denna offensiv ledde till den i historieskrivningen mycket omtalade Falaise-fickan, i vilken runt 50 000 tyska soldater i armégrupp väst skulle bli infångade. Framgångsrikt kan tyckas, men i själva verket ledde oklara order och motsättningar inom den allierade befälskåren till att den största andelen av den tyska armén faktiskt undkom med stor del av sin utrustning i behåll. De som blev kvar i fickan har Hitler att tacka, som trots dåliga utsikter och utan tillgång till bränsle, beordrade sina generaler på marken att gå till motanfall djupare in i den ficka som de allierade hade skapat runt den tyska armén.När armégrupp väst väl var utslagen och de centrala knutpunkterna var under kontroll i norra Frankrike, inleddes nästa del i landstigningen. Frågan var dock vilken riktning man skulle ta? Eisenhower tvekade länge om något krut skulle läggas på att befria Paris, eller om man istället skulle rikta den allierade offensiven direkt österut, gå mot floden Rhen, och låta den tyska garnisonen i Paris, ledd av Dietrich von Choltitz, svälta ut sig själv. Ingen önskade göra ett nytt Stalingrad av Paris, och de allierade var medvetna om att Hitler beordrat att Paris skulle läggas i ruiner om staden inte kunde hållas.Politiken kom dock ifatt Eisenhower, och efter påtryckningar från General De Gaulle, samt insikten att det kunde vara farligt att ha ett tyskt hot mot de allierades flanker under den fortsatta offensiven, fattades beslutet att Paris skulle befrias. Vid det här laget var dock en av General De Gaulles närmsta män, LeClerc och den 2:a Franska pansardivisionen redan på väg. Frågan var bara hur den tyska garnisonen och von Choltitz skulle reagera, och vilken roll skulle den franska motståndsrörelsen spela i detta drama. Skulle Paris brinna?Bild: Pariasare kantar Paris paradgata Champs Elysees för att Fria frankrikes stridsvagnar och General Leclercs 2:a pansardivision passerar genom Triumfbågen, efter att Paris befriades den 26 augusti 1944. Bland folkmassan kan ses banderoller till stöd för Charles de Gaulle. Foto: Jack Downey, U.S. Office of War Information, Wikipedia, Public Domain.Lyssna också på Landstigningen i Normandie 1944 Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Your Home Front Reporter - May 11, 1943. Host Fletcher Wiley with tenor Frank Parker and soprano Eleanor Steber. Light opera, War News, and getting the most out of your Ration Points were the features of Your Home Front Reporter. The Owens-Illinois Glass Company came up with a way to inform housewives about ways they could help to win the War with Your Home Front Reporter. Created by the D'Arcy Advertising Agency with the cooperation of the Office of War Information, the show featured War news and music from tenor Frank Parker, Metropolitan Opera Soprano Eleanor Steber, and David Broekman and His Orchestra. Over the course of the program, production moved from New York to Hollywood and back to New York again. (More from OTRcat.com)... The program was hosted by Southern California radio personality Fletcher Wiley. Often compared to Arthur Godfrey or Paul Harvey, Wiley specialized in speaking directly to women, so was a natural for the job. After broadcasts began in May 1943, production moved to Hollywood in July. This was a homecoming for Wiley, and tenor Parker made the move as well. Ms. Steber and Broekman's outfit were replaced by Dianna Gayle, Phil Hanna, and Wilbur Hatch and his Orchestra. Reporter Wiley offered tips on scientific nutrition, general home economics, and creative menu tips to get the most out of a household's ration points. In the fall, production returned to New York without Fletcher Wiley.

Today we have an episode of This is Our Enemy, Hitler Youth Movement. The series aired over the Mutual Network in 1942 and 1943 and was sponsored by the Office of War Information. This episode aired on Sept. 13, 1942. Be sure to visit our website at BrickPickleMedia.com/podcasts, where you can find links to past episodes, as well as the books featured in our podcasts. --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/worldwar2radio/support

A room on the Clubhouse App, called ‘Ukraine Sitrep', is helping hundreds of thousands of people - including many Russians - access objective information about the war. We spoke to Nina Gregory from Clubhouse to find out more. Whatsapp may soon stop working for millions of iPhone users. Facebook's Mark Zuckerberg is being personally sued over the Cambridge Analytica data breach scandal. How the technology behind the gene-edited tomatoes could one day help food shortages. The AI-driven system to improve the value of recycling. Plus, how jackdaws use noise to make ‘democratic' decisions and if you've ever fancied time travelling, why it might now be possible via your smartphone. See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

Today we talk again about Wild Bill Donovan's COI and OSS, as well as BSC's Camp X training site. Then we discuss the infiltration of the WRUL and KGEI radio stations by BSC, which included almost total control of information by British agents; it was handed over to US intelligence. Then we talk about the OWI - Office of War Information, the agency in charge of non-black propaganda, the relationship between OSS and SIS, and a frank assessment of Allen Dulles as spy re Fritz Kolbe. I call out some historians, which is reckless; then we talk about US foreknowledge of the Pearl Harbor attack, of which there's additional evidence of it via the BSC. Finally, we talk about Gallup polling and it's relationship to spying and population control. It's good stuff, and this is all before Operation Mockingbird even gets started. Check it out.

Photo: Office of War Information poster (OWI). Poster distributed by the OWI to manufacturers, wholesalers, retailers, banks, liquor stores, taprooms, hotels, bars, beauty parlors, barber shops, war plants, American Legion posts, railways, bus and airline terminals, and government agencies. . @Batchelorshow #PodcastExtra: #TheGreatMigration: In Vilnius, the Lithuanians engage in an escalating information war with the Russian Federation. Michael Yon, Locals.com/YON #FriendsoftheHistoryDebatingSociety

Neil Lewis Jr. doesn't just study social questions—he studies them in the places where they matter. He's an assistant professor of communication at Cornell University, and he's interested in social inequities, how they work, and how we can address them. In addition to his own research, he also consults for organizations and contributes to FiveThirtyEight. He was named a Rising Star by the Association for Psychological Science in 2019 and won the SAGE Young Scholar award from the Society for Personality and Social Psychology in 2020.In our conversation, Neil shares his research on health communication and education disparities, talks about what it takes to collaborate outside of academic institutions, and how he approaches science communication.Things we mention in this episode:In my introduction to this episode, I pull from a variety of sources to highlight the value of applied psychological research. These include the research by the Research Branch, Information and Education Division of the War Department, a history of social psychology (Kruglanski & Stroebe, 2011), Kurt Lewin's research on eating organ meats (Lewin, 1943), reflections on social psychology's “fun and games” (Ring, 1967), references to social psychology's “crisis of confidence” (Elms, 1975), and Katz's reflection on the value of basic and applied social research (Katz, 1951).Field study of health messages in a physician waiting room (Lewis et al., 2020) and the laboratory research it was based on (Albarracin et al., 2007)Neil brings up a controversial paper suggesting that social psychology isn't a science—instead, it's a study of history (Gergen, 1973)The opening of the episode features audio from the World War II film, Why We Fight: Prelude to War, produced by the U.S. Office of War Information (1942).Check out my new audio course on Knowable: "The Science of Persuasion."For a transcript of this episode, visit: http://opinionsciencepodcast.com/episode/taking-social-science-into-the-world-with-neil-lewis-jr/Learn more about Opinion Science at http://opinionsciencepodcast.com/ and follow @OpinionSciPod on Twitter.

Psychological warfare and propaganda have been used extensively in warfare since the earliest times. This book explores the functions, limitations, types, and history of psychological warfare through 1953. It was written by Paul Myron Anthony Linebarger, a US Army officer, a noted East Asia scholar, and an expert in psychological warfare, also known by the pseudonym Cordwainer Smith as a science fiction author. Linebarger had extensive experience with the practice and implementation of psychological warfare techniques in the field through his work with the Office of War Information, the Operation Planning and Intelligence Board, and the CIA. Spotify https://bit.ly/3xkkvvx --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/king-public-domain/support

Psychological warfare and propaganda have been used extensively in warfare since the earliest times. This book explores the functions, limitations, types, and history of psychological warfare through 1953. It was written by Paul Myron Anthony Linebarger, a US Army officer, a noted East Asia scholar, and an expert in psychological warfare, also known by the pseudonym Cordwainer Smith as a science fiction author. Linebarger had extensive experience with the practice and implementation of psychological warfare techniques in the field through his work with the Office of War Information, the Operation Planning and Intelligence Board, and the CIA. Spotify https://bit.ly/3xkkvvx --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/king-public-domain/support

Psychological warfare and propaganda have been used extensively in warfare since the earliest times. This book explores the functions, limitations, types, and history of psychological warfare through 1953. It was written by Paul Myron Anthony Linebarger, a US Army officer, a noted East Asia scholar, and an expert in psychological warfare, also known by the pseudonym Cordwainer Smith as a science fiction author. Linebarger had extensive experience with the practice and implementation of psychological warfare techniques in the field through his work with the Office of War Information, the Operation Planning and Intelligence Board, and the CIA. Spotify https://bit.ly/3xkkvvx --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/king-public-domain/support

Psychological warfare and propaganda have been used extensively in warfare since the earliest times. This book explores the functions, limitations, types, and history of psychological warfare through 1953. It was written by Paul Myron Anthony Linebarger, a US Army officer, a noted East Asia scholar, and an expert in psychological warfare, also known by the pseudonym Cordwainer Smith as a science fiction author. Linebarger had extensive experience with the practice and implementation of psychological warfare techniques in the field through his work with the Office of War Information, the Operation Planning and Intelligence Board, and the CIA. Spotify https://bit.ly/3xkkvvx --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/king-public-domain/support

Psychological warfare and propaganda have been used extensively in warfare since the earliest times. This book explores the functions, limitations, types, and history of psychological warfare through 1953. It was written by Paul Myron Anthony Linebarger, a US Army officer, a noted East Asia scholar, and an expert in psychological warfare, also known by the pseudonym Cordwainer Smith as a science fiction author. Linebarger had extensive experience with the practice and implementation of psychological warfare techniques in the field through his work with the Office of War Information, the Operation Planning and Intelligence Board, and the CIA. Spotify https://bit.ly/3xkkvvx --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/king-public-domain/support

Psychological warfare and propaganda have been used extensively in warfare since the earliest times. This book explores the functions, limitations, types, and history of psychological warfare through 1953. It was written by Paul Myron Anthony Linebarger, a US Army officer, a noted East Asia scholar, and an expert in psychological warfare, also known by the pseudonym Cordwainer Smith as a science fiction author. Linebarger had extensive experience with the practice and implementation of psychological warfare techniques in the field through his work with the Office of War Information, the Operation Planning and Intelligence Board, and the CIA. Spotify https://bit.ly/3xkkvvx --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/king-public-domain/support

Psychological warfare and propaganda have been used extensively in warfare since the earliest times. This book explores the functions, limitations, types, and history of psychological warfare through 1953. It was written by Paul Myron Anthony Linebarger, a US Army officer, a noted East Asia scholar, and an expert in psychological warfare, also known by the pseudonym Cordwainer Smith as a science fiction author. Linebarger had extensive experience with the practice and implementation of psychological warfare techniques in the field through his work with the Office of War Information, the Operation Planning and Intelligence Board, and the CIA. Spotify https://bit.ly/3xkkvvx --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/king-public-domain/support

Psychological warfare and propaganda have been used extensively in warfare since the earliest times. This book explores the functions, limitations, types, and history of psychological warfare through 1953. It was written by Paul Myron Anthony Linebarger, a US Army officer, a noted East Asia scholar, and an expert in psychological warfare, also known by the pseudonym Cordwainer Smith as a science fiction author. Linebarger had extensive experience with the practice and implementation of psychological warfare techniques in the field through his work with the Office of War Information, the Operation Planning and Intelligence Board, and the CIA. Spotify https://bit.ly/3xkkvvx --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/king-public-domain/support

Psychological warfare and propaganda have been used extensively in warfare since the earliest times. This book explores the functions, limitations, types, and history of psychological warfare through 1953. It was written by Paul Myron Anthony Linebarger, a US Army officer, a noted East Asia scholar, and an expert in psychological warfare, also known by the pseudonym Cordwainer Smith as a science fiction author. Linebarger had extensive experience with the practice and implementation of psychological warfare techniques in the field through his work with the Office of War Information, the Operation Planning and Intelligence Board, and the CIA. Spotify https://bit.ly/3xkkvvx --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/king-public-domain/support

Psychological warfare and propaganda have been used extensively in warfare since the earliest times. This book explores the functions, limitations, types, and history of psychological warfare through 1953. It was written by Paul Myron Anthony Linebarger, a US Army officer, a noted East Asia scholar, and an expert in psychological warfare, also known by the pseudonym Cordwainer Smith as a science fiction author. Linebarger had extensive experience with the practice and implementation of psychological warfare techniques in the field through his work with the Office of War Information, the Operation Planning and Intelligence Board, and the CIA. Spotify https://bit.ly/3xkkvvx --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/king-public-domain/support

Psychological warfare and propaganda have been used extensively in warfare since the earliest times. This book explores the functions, limitations, types, and history of psychological warfare through 1953. It was written by Paul Myron Anthony Linebarger, a US Army officer, a noted East Asia scholar, and an expert in psychological warfare, also known by the pseudonym Cordwainer Smith as a science fiction author. Linebarger had extensive experience with the practice and implementation of psychological warfare techniques in the field through his work with the Office of War Information, the Operation Planning and Intelligence Board, and the CIA. Spotify https://bit.ly/3xkkvvx --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/king-public-domain/support

Psychological warfare and propaganda have been used extensively in warfare since the earliest times. This book explores the functions, limitations, types, and history of psychological warfare through 1953. It was written by Paul Myron Anthony Linebarger, a US Army officer, a noted East Asia scholar, and an expert in psychological warfare, also known by the pseudonym Cordwainer Smith as a science fiction author. Linebarger had extensive experience with the practice and implementation of psychological warfare techniques in the field through his work with the Office of War Information, the Operation Planning and Intelligence Board, and the CIA. Spotify https://bit.ly/3xkkvvx --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/king-public-domain/support

Psychological warfare and propaganda have been used extensively in warfare since the earliest times. This book explores the functions, limitations, types, and history of psychological warfare through 1953. It was written by Paul Myron Anthony Linebarger, a US Army officer, a noted East Asia scholar, and an expert in psychological warfare, also known by the pseudonym Cordwainer Smith as a science fiction author. Linebarger had extensive experience with the practice and implementation of psychological warfare techniques in the field through his work with the Office of War Information, the Operation Planning and Intelligence Board, and the CIA. Spotify https://bit.ly/3xkkvvx --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/king-public-domain/support

Psychological warfare and propaganda have been used extensively in warfare since the earliest times. This book explores the functions, limitations, types, and history of psychological warfare through 1953. It was written by Paul Myron Anthony Linebarger, a US Army officer, a noted East Asia scholar, and an expert in psychological warfare, also known by the pseudonym Cordwainer Smith as a science fiction author. Linebarger had extensive experience with the practice and implementation of psychological warfare techniques in the field through his work with the Office of War Information, the Operation Planning and Intelligence Board, and the CIA. Spotify https://bit.ly/3xkkvvx --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/king-public-domain/support

Psychological warfare and propaganda have been used extensively in warfare since the earliest times. This book explores the functions, limitations, types, and history of psychological warfare through 1953. It was written by Paul Myron Anthony Linebarger, a US Army officer, a noted East Asia scholar, and an expert in psychological warfare, also known by the pseudonym Cordwainer Smith as a science fiction author. Linebarger had extensive experience with the practice and implementation of psychological warfare techniques in the field through his work with the Office of War Information, the Operation Planning and Intelligence Board, and the CIA. Spotify https://bit.ly/3xkkvvx --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/king-public-domain/support

Psychological warfare and propaganda have been used extensively in warfare since the earliest times. This book explores the functions, limitations, types, and history of psychological warfare through 1953. It was written by Paul Myron Anthony Linebarger, a US Army officer, a noted East Asia scholar, and an expert in psychological warfare, also known by the pseudonym Cordwainer Smith as a science fiction author. Linebarger had extensive experience with the practice and implementation of psychological warfare techniques in the field through his work with the Office of War Information, the Operation Planning and Intelligence Board, and the CIA. Spotify https://bit.ly/3xkkvvx --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/king-public-domain/support

Psychological warfare and propaganda have been used extensively in warfare since the earliest times. This book explores the functions, limitations, types, and history of psychological warfare through 1953. It was written by Paul Myron Anthony Linebarger, a US Army officer, a noted East Asia scholar, and an expert in psychological warfare, also known by the pseudonym Cordwainer Smith as a science fiction author. Linebarger had extensive experience with the practice and implementation of psychological warfare techniques in the field through his work with the Office of War Information, the Operation Planning and Intelligence Board, and the CIA. Spotify https://bit.ly/3xkkvvx --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/king-public-domain/support

Psychological warfare and propaganda have been used extensively in warfare since the earliest times. This book explores the functions, limitations, types, and history of psychological warfare through 1953. It was written by Paul Myron Anthony Linebarger, a US Army officer, a noted East Asia scholar, and an expert in psychological warfare, also known by the pseudonym Cordwainer Smith as a science fiction author. Linebarger had extensive experience with the practice and implementation of psychological warfare techniques in the field through his work with the Office of War Information, the Operation Planning and Intelligence Board, and the CIA. Spotify https://bit.ly/3xkkvvx --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/king-public-domain/support

Psychological warfare and propaganda have been used extensively in warfare since the earliest times. This book explores the functions, limitations, types, and history of psychological warfare through 1953. It was written by Paul Myron Anthony Linebarger, a US Army officer, a noted East Asia scholar, and an expert in psychological warfare, also known by the pseudonym Cordwainer Smith as a science fiction author. Linebarger had extensive experience with the practice and implementation of psychological warfare techniques in the field through his work with the Office of War Information, the Operation Planning and Intelligence Board, and the CIA. Spotify https://bit.ly/3xkkvvx --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/king-public-domain/support

Psychological warfare and propaganda have been used extensively in warfare since the earliest times. This book explores the functions, limitations, types, and history of psychological warfare through 1953. It was written by Paul Myron Anthony Linebarger, a US Army officer, a noted East Asia scholar, and an expert in psychological warfare, also known by the pseudonym Cordwainer Smith as a science fiction author. Linebarger had extensive experience with the practice and implementation of psychological warfare techniques in the field through his work with the Office of War Information, the Operation Planning and Intelligence Board, and the CIA. Spotify https://bit.ly/3xkkvvx --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/king-public-domain/support

Psychological warfare and propaganda have been used extensively in warfare since the earliest times. This book explores the functions, limitations, types, and history of psychological warfare through 1953. It was written by Paul Myron Anthony Linebarger, a US Army officer, a noted East Asia scholar, and an expert in psychological warfare, also known by the pseudonym Cordwainer Smith as a science fiction author. Linebarger had extensive experience with the practice and implementation of psychological warfare techniques in the field through his work with the Office of War Information, the Operation Planning and Intelligence Board, and the CIA. Spotify https://bit.ly/3xkkvvx --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/king-public-domain/support

Psychological warfare and propaganda have been used extensively in warfare since the earliest times. This book explores the functions, limitations, types, and history of psychological warfare through 1953. It was written by Paul Myron Anthony Linebarger, a US Army officer, a noted East Asia scholar, and an expert in psychological warfare, also known by the pseudonym Cordwainer Smith as a science fiction author. Linebarger had extensive experience with the practice and implementation of psychological warfare techniques in the field through his work with the Office of War Information, the Operation Planning and Intelligence Board, and the CIA. Spotify https://bit.ly/3xkkvvx --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/king-public-domain/support

Psychological warfare and propaganda have been used extensively in warfare since the earliest times. This book explores the functions, limitations, types, and history of psychological warfare through 1953. It was written by Paul Myron Anthony Linebarger, a US Army officer, a noted East Asia scholar, and an expert in psychological warfare, also known by the pseudonym Cordwainer Smith as a science fiction author. Linebarger had extensive experience with the practice and implementation of psychological warfare techniques in the field through his work with the Office of War Information, the Operation Planning and Intelligence Board, and the CIA. Spotify https://bit.ly/3xkkvvx --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/king-public-domain/support

Psychological warfare and propaganda have been used extensively in warfare since the earliest times. This book explores the functions, limitations, types, and history of psychological warfare through 1953. It was written by Paul Myron Anthony Linebarger, a US Army officer, a noted East Asia scholar, and an expert in psychological warfare, also known by the pseudonym Cordwainer Smith as a science fiction author. Linebarger had extensive experience with the practice and implementation of psychological warfare techniques in the field through his work with the Office of War Information, the Operation Planning and Intelligence Board, and the CIA. Spotify https://bit.ly/3xkkvvx --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/king-public-domain/support

Psychological warfare and propaganda have been used extensively in warfare since the earliest times. This book explores the functions, limitations, types, and history of psychological warfare through 1953. It was written by Paul Myron Anthony Linebarger, a US Army officer, a noted East Asia scholar, and an expert in psychological warfare, also known by the pseudonym Cordwainer Smith as a science fiction author. Linebarger had extensive experience with the practice and implementation of psychological warfare techniques in the field through his work with the Office of War Information, the Operation Planning and Intelligence Board, and the CIA. Spotify https://bit.ly/3xkkvvx --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/king-public-domain/support

Psychological warfare and propaganda have been used extensively in warfare since the earliest times. This book explores the functions, limitations, types, and history of psychological warfare through 1953. It was written by Paul Myron Anthony Linebarger, a US Army officer, a noted East Asia scholar, and an expert in psychological warfare, also known by the pseudonym Cordwainer Smith as a science fiction author. Linebarger had extensive experience with the practice and implementation of psychological warfare techniques in the field through his work with the Office of War Information, the Operation Planning and Intelligence Board, and the CIA. Spotify https://bit.ly/3xkkvvx --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/king-public-domain/support

Psychological warfare and propaganda have been used extensively in warfare since the earliest times. This book explores the functions, limitations, types, and history of psychological warfare through 1953. It was written by Paul Myron Anthony Linebarger, a US Army officer, a noted East Asia scholar, and an expert in psychological warfare, also known by the pseudonym Cordwainer Smith as a science fiction author. Linebarger had extensive experience with the practice and implementation of psychological warfare techniques in the field through his work with the Office of War Information, the Operation Planning and Intelligence Board, and the CIA. Spotify https://bit.ly/3xkkvvx --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/king-public-domain/support

Psychological warfare and propaganda have been used extensively in warfare since the earliest times. This book explores the functions, limitations, types, and history of psychological warfare through 1953. It was written by Paul Myron Anthony Linebarger, a US Army officer, a noted East Asia scholar, and an expert in psychological warfare, also known by the pseudonym Cordwainer Smith as a science fiction author. Linebarger had extensive experience with the practice and implementation of psychological warfare techniques in the field through his work with the Office of War Information, the Operation Planning and Intelligence Board, and the CIA. Spotify https://bit.ly/3xkkvvx --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/king-public-domain/support

Psychological warfare and propaganda have been used extensively in warfare since the earliest times. This book explores the functions, limitations, types, and history of psychological warfare through 1953. It was written by Paul Myron Anthony Linebarger, a US Army officer, a noted East Asia scholar, and an expert in psychological warfare, also known by the pseudonym Cordwainer Smith as a science fiction author. Linebarger had extensive experience with the practice and implementation of psychological warfare techniques in the field through his work with the Office of War Information, the Operation Planning and Intelligence Board, and the CIA. Spotify https://bit.ly/3xkkvvx --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/king-public-domain/support

Psychological warfare and propaganda have been used extensively in warfare since the earliest times. This book explores the functions, limitations, types, and history of psychological warfare through 1953. It was written by Paul Myron Anthony Linebarger, a US Army officer, a noted East Asia scholar, and an expert in psychological warfare, also known by the pseudonym Cordwainer Smith as a science fiction author. Linebarger had extensive experience with the practice and implementation of psychological warfare techniques in the field through his work with the Office of War Information, the Operation Planning and Intelligence Board, and the CIA. Spotify https://bit.ly/3xkkvvx --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/king-public-domain/support

Psychological warfare and propaganda have been used extensively in warfare since the earliest times. This book explores the functions, limitations, types, and history of psychological warfare through 1953. It was written by Paul Myron Anthony Linebarger, a US Army officer, a noted East Asia scholar, and an expert in psychological warfare, also known by the pseudonym Cordwainer Smith as a science fiction author. Linebarger had extensive experience with the practice and implementation of psychological warfare techniques in the field through his work with the Office of War Information, the Operation Planning and Intelligence Board, and the CIA. Spotify https://bit.ly/3xkkvvx --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/king-public-domain/support

Psychological warfare and propaganda have been used extensively in warfare since the earliest times. This book explores the functions, limitations, types, and history of psychological warfare through 1953. It was written by Paul Myron Anthony Linebarger, a US Army officer, a noted East Asia scholar, and an expert in psychological warfare, also known by the pseudonym Cordwainer Smith as a science fiction author. Linebarger had extensive experience with the practice and implementation of psychological warfare techniques in the field through his work with the Office of War Information, the Operation Planning and Intelligence Board, and the CIA. Spotify https://bit.ly/3xkkvvx --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/king-public-domain/support

Photo:  "Boy! Did we do a day's work! They give the job all they've got!" Office for Emergency Management. Office of War Information. Domestic Operations Branch. Bureau of Special Services. Between 1941 and 1945..CBS Eye on the World with John BatchelorCBS Audio Network@BatchelorshowThe jobs reports and America's Help Wanted. @LizPeek @TheHill @FoxNewshttps://www.msn.com/en-us/money/markets/may-jobs-report-shows-there-e2-80-99s-nothing-normal-about-the-post-pandemic-labor-market/ar-AAKNor2

Photo: No known restrictions on publication.1944. New York, New York. June 6, 1944. Preschool age children at L'Ecole maternelle francaise on D-dayPhotographed by Howard Hollem, Edward Meyer or MacLaugharie.Title and other information from print in lot.Transfer; United States. Office of War Information. Overseas Picture Division. Washington Division; 1944.More information about the FSA/OWI Collection is available at http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/pp.fsaowiTemp. note: owibatch6Film copy on SIS roll 19, frame 2279. @BatchelorshowD-Day 2021: Remembering the Boys of Pointe du Hoc and Gap Assault Team #13 on Omaha Beach, Lt. Calvin R. Batchelor.  Patrick K. O'Donnell @combathistorian Dog Company: The Boys of Pointe Du Hoc - the Rangers Who Landed at D-Day and Fought Across Europe  Audible Audiobook– Unabridged. Patrick K. O'Donnell (Author), John Pruden (Narrator), & 1 more https://www.amazon.com/Dog-Company-Patrick-K-O-Donnell-audiobook/dp/B00A2ATV1W/ref=tmm_aud_swatch_0?_encoding=UTF8&qid=&sr=-

Photo: No known restrictions on publication.1942. Forty-two keys to victory. One of America's foremost cartoonists comes through with a poster for the Office of War Information's (OWI) typewriter campaign as Dr. Seuss's typin' and Uncle Sam sounds the call for your typewriter The New John Batchelor ShowRepresented by CBS News Radio@Batchelorshow Cancel Culture sells books! @PeterBerkowitz @HooverInsthttps://www.realclearpolitics.com/articles/2021/03/14/conflating_criticism_and_cancellation_145396.html

Burma was a mountainous country nestled between British India and Japan occupied China. Prior to 1941, Burma was of little importance to countries such as Great Britain and the United States. The mountainous region of Burma discouraged any type of trade or travel. Only once did the campaign of the Japanese to control Southeast Asia began, did Great Britain and the United States realize the value of Burma. From the beginning, Great Britain and the United States agreed that Burma was strategic in defeating Japan. Interestingly enough, Great Britain and the United States differed in their motives for protecting Burma. First, Great Britain viewed Burma as a barrier between British India and Japan occupied China. The barrier between these two countries would secure the safety of the “Crown Jewel of the British Empire”. In contrast, the United States saw Burma as a lifeline for China, which was under occupation by Japan. The United States believed that if they were to hold Burma, the Chinese could overthrow Japan and take back their country. The continued support of the Chinese was an effort by Franklin D. Roosevelt to gain a potential ally in China. References Xu, Guangqiu. War Wings: The United States and Chinese Military Aviation 1929-1949. Greenwood Press (2001). American Office of War Information. The Stilwell Road.1945. Narrated by Ronald Reagan. BBC Worldwide, Nugus/Martin Productions Ltd. Gladiators of World War II: The Chindits. Narrated by Robert Powell.2002. British Broadcasting Casting.TV Burma Star Association. Burma Campaign: Diary 1942-1945. Date Accessed September 15,2017.https://www.burmastar.org.uk/burma-campaign/diary-1941-45/1945/ --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/pacific-atrocities-education/support

Intro: You and I have seen the unfortunate results of gossip, lies, and innuendos. Many good people have had their live impacted or ruined by the evil use of the tongue. Reputations are damaged, families can be destroyed, and the course of a life can be changed for good. You may have hear the saying, "Loose lips sink ships". Loose lips sink ships is an American English idiom meaning "beware of unguarded talk". The phrase originated on propaganda posters during World War II.[3] The phrase was created by the War Advertising Council[4] and used on posters by the United States Office of War Information.[3] This type of poster was part of a general campaign of American propaganda during World War II to advise servicemen and other citizens to avoid careless talk that might undermine the war effort. There were many similar such slogans, but "Loose lips sink ships" remained in the American idiom for the remainder of the century and into the next, usually as an admonition to avoid careless talk in general. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loose_lips_sink_ships#cite_note-pp-3 Words are powerful. They can be use to destroy or they can be used to build up. You and I need our tongues to say words. The tongue is one of the smallest members of the human body. It can be the most powerful. James warns us in this passage that no one can tame our tongues except by the power of God. 1. Teachers, Beware of an Untamed Tongue v. 1 1. Teach the full counsel of God 2. Be edifying 3. Be encouraging 4. Don't engage or encourage gossip 5. A teacher's life should match what he/she teaches 6. A teacher ought to be a life long learner 1. Illust: "The secret of a governable tongue is not self-control, but Christ-control." G.S. 2. Congregation, Beware of an Untamed Tongue v. 3-12 1. Power to give direction v. 3-4 1. Direct towards the holiness and grace of the gospel 2. Direct towards 1 Timothy 3:18 2. Power to destroy  v. 5-8 1. Illust: "There is only one thing as difficult as unscrambling an egg, and that's unspreading a rumor." G.S. 1. Destroy a person's reputation 2. Destroy a family 3. Destroy a Bible study 4. Destroy the church 3. Only God can tame our tongues v. 9-12 1. Being informed by the Word 2. Being empowered by the Holy Spirit 3. Being motivated by the love of Jesus Christ 4. Only Christ can control our tongues Closing: Applications: gossip, bitterness. anger, revenge, jealously, etc. Gossip Rumor Innuendo Slander Intentional lies All motivated by power, pride, inferiority complex, spiritual and emotional immaturity, jealously, envy, your agenda being blocked...

83. Principles Of War

Though he never enjoyed the publishing success and fame of such friends as Sherwood Anderson and Ernest Hemingway, Lewis Galantière made a considerable contribution to literature over the course of the twentieth century. In Galantière: The Lost Generation’s Forgotten Man (Overlook Press, 2018), Mark I. Lurie describes the life and career of a dedicated man of letters. The precocious son of Jewish immigrants from Russia, Galantière’s education was constrained by his family’s impoverished economic circumstances. Yet Galantière benefited from being at the right place at the right time, first in Chicago during the heyday of the “Chicago Renaissance,” then in Paris in the 1920s, where his work as a columnist and translator earned him a place among the expatriate American writers in the city. Returning to America just before the Great Depression, he began a literary partnership with John Houseman that helped start Houseman’s decades-long career in theater. The two reunited during the Second World War at the Office of War Information, for which Galantière organized radio broadcasts into occupied France. Galantière’s work in radio continued during the Cold War as a producer for Radio Free Europe, after which he returned to the literary to become president of American PEN and organize the first PEN International Congress ever held in the United States. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Though he never enjoyed the publishing success and fame of such friends as Sherwood Anderson and Ernest Hemingway, Lewis Galantière made a considerable contribution to literature over the course of the twentieth century. In Galantière: The Lost Generation’s Forgotten Man (Overlook Press, 2018), Mark I. Lurie describes the life and career of a dedicated man of letters. The precocious son of Jewish immigrants from Russia, Galantière’s education was constrained by his family’s impoverished economic circumstances. Yet Galantière benefited from being at the right place at the right time, first in Chicago during the heyday of the “Chicago Renaissance,” then in Paris in the 1920s, where his work as a columnist and translator earned him a place among the expatriate American writers in the city. Returning to America just before the Great Depression, he began a literary partnership with John Houseman that helped start Houseman’s decades-long career in theater. The two reunited during the Second World War at the Office of War Information, for which Galantière organized radio broadcasts into occupied France. Galantière’s work in radio continued during the Cold War as a producer for Radio Free Europe, after which he returned to the literary to become president of American PEN and organize the first PEN International Congress ever held in the United States. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Though he never enjoyed the publishing success and fame of such friends as Sherwood Anderson and Ernest Hemingway, Lewis Galantière made a considerable contribution to literature over the course of the twentieth century. In Galantière: The Lost Generation’s Forgotten Man (Overlook Press, 2018), Mark I. Lurie describes the life and career of a dedicated man of letters. The precocious son of Jewish immigrants from Russia, Galantière’s education was constrained by his family’s impoverished economic circumstances. Yet Galantière benefited from being at the right place at the right time, first in Chicago during the heyday of the “Chicago Renaissance,” then in Paris in the 1920s, where his work as a columnist and translator earned him a place among the expatriate American writers in the city. Returning to America just before the Great Depression, he began a literary partnership with John Houseman that helped start Houseman’s decades-long career in theater. The two reunited during the Second World War at the Office of War Information, for which Galantière organized radio broadcasts into occupied France. Galantière’s work in radio continued during the Cold War as a producer for Radio Free Europe, after which he returned to the literary to become president of American PEN and organize the first PEN International Congress ever held in the United States. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Though he never enjoyed the publishing success and fame of such friends as Sherwood Anderson and Ernest Hemingway, Lewis Galantière made a considerable contribution to literature over the course of the twentieth century. In Galantière: The Lost Generation’s Forgotten Man (Overlook Press, 2018), Mark I. Lurie describes the life and career of a dedicated man of letters. The precocious son of Jewish immigrants from Russia, Galantière’s education was constrained by his family’s impoverished economic circumstances. Yet Galantière benefited from being at the right place at the right time, first in Chicago during the heyday of the “Chicago Renaissance,” then in Paris in the 1920s, where his work as a columnist and translator earned him a place among the expatriate American writers in the city. Returning to America just before the Great Depression, he began a literary partnership with John Houseman that helped start Houseman’s decades-long career in theater. The two reunited during the Second World War at the Office of War Information, for which Galantière organized radio broadcasts into occupied France. Galantière’s work in radio continued during the Cold War as a producer for Radio Free Europe, after which he returned to the literary to become president of American PEN and organize the first PEN International Congress ever held in the United States. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

On June 16th, 1942, President Franklin D. Roosevelt created the Office of War Information to fight the propaganda war on the home front and the war front. The OWI produced advertisements, surveys, films, and radio programs until 1945, when President Truman disbanded the OWI and transferred its responsibilities to the US Information Agency.

On June 16th, 1942, President Franklin D. Roosevelt created the Office of War Information to fight the propaganda war on the home front and the war front. The OWI produced advertisements, surveys, films, and radio programs until 1945, when President Truman disbanded the OWI and transferred its responsibilities to the US Information Agency.

John, Nino, Richard and Myself(Chris) stage dive into: Ian McKayeâ??s family heritage, Office of War Information, Paul Popenoe, Cosmopolitan Club, Washington Post, Abby Rockefeller, Henry Rollins, Fugazi(Fake), The Palladium, All Ages Shows, Punk Rock Parents, Loren Michaels, Positive Force, Riot Grrrl Movement, NOFX, Hairy Armpit Bands, Kathleen Hanna, Ms. Magazine, Gloria Steinem, Nirvana, Condom Mania, AIDS, Veganism, Russel Simmons, Propaganda, North Korea, The Interview, Global Politics, Bestie Boys, Dave Grohl, James Harper Grohl, William Howard Taft, Robert A. Taft Jr.,Allen Ginsberg, The Golden Suicides, The Cro-Mags, Trans-Gender Homeless Shelters for Teens, Miles Mathis, Sunny Day Real Estate, Nate Mendel, Evergreen State College, Portlandia, Matt Groening, Sleater-Kinney, Rachael Corrie, Battle in Seattle, Mumia Abdul-Jamal, Atheism, Axis of Justice, Democracy Now, KAOS Radio, Grunge Movement. hoaxbusterscall.com Intro Music: Waiting Room by Fugazi Outdo Music: Saturday Night Story by The Dstroiz(Richards former band)

Battle For Paris National Archives and Records Administration - ARC Identifier 39135 / Local Identifier 208-UN-1016 - BATTLE FOR PARIS - Office for Emergency Management. Office of War Information. Overseas Operations Branch. New York Office. News and Features Bureau. (12/17/1942 - 09/15/1945). Members of the French resistance movement erect cobblestone entrenchments in Paris, distribute weapons, battle the Germans in the streets, and take prisoners. Shows the liberation of Paris and the arrival of Gen. LeClerc. - source link https://archive.org/details/gov.archives.arc.39135 copyright link https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/

We are all affected by it...call it advertising, propaganda, programming, social engineering, psychological operations, or whatever other term could be applied.  The act of a force outside of your mind trying to convince you to do something.  In this installment we take a look at what happened to the enormous propaganda machine after WWII was over.  Once the Office of War Information was disbanded in 1945, the Central Intelligence Agency took over the domestic operations and "assumed many of the information gathering, analyzing and disseminating responsibilities".  So, what would the CIA use its new found domestic propaganda powers for?  In the early 1950's, Frank Wisner (head of the Directorate of Plans for CIA), Allan W. Dulles (Director of Central Intelligence) and Cord Meyer (Office of Policy Coordination) started Operation Mockingbird.  By 1953, Operation Mockingbird had "major influence over 25 newspapers and wire agencies".  We also touch on the House Un-American Activities Committee and the CIA's Project MK Ultra program.  [Click to Listen]

We are all affected by it...call it advertising, propaganda, programming, social engineering, psychological operations, or whatever other term could be applied.  The act of a force outside of your mind trying to convince you to do something. In the forth episode of this series we take a look at the Golden Age of Propaganda, World War II.  We do this by analyzing several audio clips from films played in motion picture theaters during the 1940's.  The clips include: Education for Death (made by Walt Disney), The Batman - The Electrical Brain (an 8-part serial), Japanese Relocation (Office of War Information), Our Enemy - The Japanese (United States Navy Training Film), Remember Pearl Harbor - Buy War Bonds (again, the US Government), Wartime Nutrition (Office of War Information) and It's Your War Too (made by the War Activities Committee of the Motion Picture Industry and the US War Dept.).  [Click to Listen]

The Office of War Information presents a program explaining gas rationing. Features Eddie Cantor, Jack Benny, Dinah Shore, and George Burns and Gracie Allen.  Original Air Date: December 1, 1942 Lum ‘n Abner talk gas rationing after discussing their latest fiasco with Squire.  Original Air Date: November 19, 1942 Click here to add to Itunes.

Three separate episodes from the office of War Information explaining why Americans can’t accept a Nazi victory: from unfair trade practices to human rights abuses and the Nazi’s anti-Christian agenda. Original Air Date: 1942

Finding the adequate nutritional balance within our food is often of paramount importance. When looking at the history of the current food system serving Canadians, it becomes apparent that only for a short time have we been experimenting with such a modern approach to eating. Processed foods and industrial farming are seen as convenient innovations, but how has such a model affected the nutritional composition of our food? Two speakers addressed this concern at the 2007 Growing Up Organic Conference held in Toronto on February 17th. The conference was organized by the Canadian Organic Growers. This broadcast will examine how, since the innovations coming out of World War II, the nutritional content of the Canadian food supply has plummeted. Through the assistance of CKLN in Toronto and Heather Douglas, Deconstructing Dinner was on hand to record the conference. This broadcast features the final session of the conference where panelists were posed the question, "Is Organic Worth the Price?". Speakers Thomas Pawlick, Author, The End of Food: How the Food Industry is Destroying Our Food Supply - And What We Can Do About It (Kingston, Ontario) - Pawlick's lecture was titled "Our Children's Food, Our Children's Survival". A veteran newspaper and magazine journalist with more than 30 years experience in Canada and abroad, Thomas has taught at both Canadian and foreign universities and colleges. The End of Food exposes the cause of the food crisis--an industrial system of food production geared not toward producing nourishing food, but maximum profit for corporations. Thomas is currently on leave from his position as Associate Professor in the School of Journalism at the University of Regina. Following the book achieving best-seller status, the University cut his salary, cut his research funding, removed him from email lists, and removed all copies of his book from the shelves of the campus book store. Thomas Pawlick is currently restoring a small scale organic farm north of Kingston, Ontario with his son. Ellen Desjardins, Public Health Nutritionist - Region of Waterloo Public Health (Kitchener, ON) - Ellen's presentation is titled "Eat up! It's good for you! - what the scientific literature says about the health benefits of organics". Ellen has worked in various programs throughout the province and at the federal level for the past 20 years. Ellen has co-authored numerous articles in the area of food security. She has also chaired work-groups and prepared position papers for the Ontario Public Health Association on food systems, public health concerns about food biotechnology, and mercury in fish. In 2005, Ellen was a founding member of the new national organization Food Secure Canada. Audio Clip "Food for Fighters" - Produced in 1943 by the United States Office of War Information, this short provides a glimpse into the origins of our current food system. The film was designed to promote the innovations that provided soldiers overseas with nutritionally adequate food. The audio version featured on this broadcast is available in its visual format from the Prelinger Archive at www.archive.org.

Almost as soon as there were radio stations, there were college radio stations. In 1948, to popularize FM radio, the FCC introduced class D non commercial education licenses for low-watt college radio stations. By 1967, 326 FM radio signals in the United States operated as “educational radio,” 220 of which were owned and operated by colleges and universities. The type of programming that these stations offered varied widely, from lectures and sporting events, to various kinds of musical shows, but toward the late 1970s, a new genre of college rock appeared on the scene. Record labels took note as college DJs discovered up-and-coming new artists, although they sometimes stopped playing those artists once they made it big.Joining this week's episode is historian Dr. Katherine Rye Jewell, a Professor at Fitchburg State University and author of Live from the Underground: A History of College Radio.Our theme song is Frogs Legs Rag, composed by James Scott and performed by Kevin MacLeod, licensed under Creative Commons. The mid-episode music is “College Days by Charles Hart, et al., 1919, in the public domain and retrieved from the Library of Congress. The episode image is “Don Jackson, a senior, delivering a news broadcast at the Iowa State College radio station,” photographed by Jack Delano at Iowa State College in Ames, Iowa in May 1942; photograph in the public domain and available via the Library of Congress, Prints & Photographs Division, Farm Security Administration/Office of War Information. Additional Sources:“The Development of Radio,” PBS American Experience.“Marconi's First Wireless Transmission,” by Kath Bates, Oxford Open Learning Trust, November 28, 2018.“Marconi's first radio broadcast made 125 years ago,” by Jonathan Holmes, BBC News, May 13, 2022.“Radio's First Voice...Canadian!” by Mervyn C. Fry, The Cat's Whisker - Official Voice of the Canadian Vintage Wireless Association Vol. 3, No. 1 - March 1973.“History of Commercial Radio,” Federal Communications Commission.“Which college radio station was the first in the United States?,” About College Radio, Radio Survivor, Updated March 14, 2023.“About WRUC 89.7,” WRUC.union.edu.“Celebrating 90 Years of Broadcasting at Curry College,” Curry College.“What Is "College" Rock?” by Shawn Persinger, Premier Guitar, July 15, 2023.“When college radio went mainstream—and 20 bands that came with it,” by Matthew Everett, Yardbarker, November 7, 2017.“10 Legendary Bands that Wouldn't Be Legendary without College Radio,” by Dave Sarkies, College Radio Foundation, September 21, 2020.“U2 Rock Fordham University: On the Ground at the ‘Secret' Set,” by Jenn Pelly, Rolling Stone, March 6, 2009.“All that is left is R.E.M. Steeple – Celebrating the beginning of Athens' legendary band,” by Joe Vitale, UGA Wire, April 5, 2020.“‘60 Songs That Explain the '90s': R.E.M. and the Leap From College-Rock Gods to Mainstream Icons,” by Rob Harvilla, The Ringer, September 29, 2021.“REM: The band that defined, then eclipsed college rock,” by Mark Savage, BBC, September 21, 2011.“History Timeline,” Corporation for Public Broadcasting.“History,” NPR.“Left of the dial: College radio days,” by Daniel de Vise, The Washington Post, June 26, 2011.“Technology and the Soul of College Radio,” by Jennifer Waits, Pop Matters, April 19, 2010.“The Enduring Relevance of College Radio,” SPIN, November 10, 2020.“College Radio Maintains Its Mojo,” by Ben Sisario, The New York Times, December 5, 2008.