Podcast appearances and mentions of Paul Kruger

All manner of things are going on — thanks to those folks out there who've been sending me notes and support, much appreciated. Episode 220 deals with the start of the Transvaal Civil War, and quite a bit about Paul Kruger's early life. The American civil war was raging in 1862, and there's nothing like a war to trigger innovation — if you excuse the pun. Richard Jordan Gatling patented his terrifying Gatling gun featuring multiple rotating barrels driven by a hand crank, allowing operators to unleash a relentless hailstorm of bullets—up to several hundred rounds per minute. Its distinctive mechanical whirr echoed across battlefields, marking a chilling shift toward modern, industrialized warfare. While undoubtedly efficient, the Gatling gun also embodied a grim reality: the age when technology would reshape combat forever had arrived. Just in time to cause more chaos in the already bloody American Civil War. What is less known these days is that there was another Civil War involving descendants of Europeans, and this was going on in South Africa. The AmaZulu had just wrapped up their own recent Civil War as you've heard. All manner of brutal and uncivil conduct marked this period in South African history, as neighbour turned against neighbour and the bonds of society frayed. The Boer Republics had been riven by conflict since the days of the Voortrekkers, but in 1862 perhaps inspired in part by the American civil War, the Boer Republics went from squabbling to skirmishing. There's no proof that the carnage of the United States directly influenced South Africa, but there is proof that the Boers knew about it. Later, during the apartheid period of National Party Rule, this Transvaal Civil War was deposited in historical file 13, almost expunged, because it contradicted the prevailing political ideology where it was all the whites against all the blacks. Anything that detracted from this nationalist agenda was taboo. The modern architects of African nationalism, too, often reshape the past to suit their narratives, discarding inconvenient histories into their own version of "file 13."Compared to the carnage in America, where an estimated 750 000 people died, the South African version was far less bloody. A few dozen dead and wounded. A handful of skirmishes was the real effect, which took place in what is now Gauteng, Limpopo, Mpumalanga and the North West Province - but at the same time as the American Civil War which ran from 1861 to 1865. The Transvaal Civil War started in 1862 and ended in 1864. While less gory, it was emblematic of the frontier streak embedded in the first generation descendants of the Voortrekkers. According to the constitution of the Republic, the Hervormde Church was the state church. Its members alone were entitled to exercise any influence in public affairs. Whoever was not a member of the Hervormde Church was not a fully-qualified burgher. Paul Kruger belonged to the Christelljk-Gereformeerde Kerk founded recently, in 1859, by Dr. Postma, at Rustenburg. This church became known in South Africa as the Dopper, or partly Canting Church. The derivation of the word Dopper is not completely clear, but it was believed to have come from the word dop, a damper or extinguisher for putting out Candles.

All manner of things are going on — thanks to those folks out there who've been sending me notes and support, much appreciated. Episode 220 deals with the start of the Transvaal Civil War, and quite a bit about Paul Kruger's early life. The American civil war was raging in 1862, and there's nothing like a war to trigger innovation — if you excuse the pun. Richard Jordan Gatling patented his terrifying Gatling gun featuring multiple rotating barrels driven by a hand crank, allowing operators to unleash a relentless hailstorm of bullets—up to several hundred rounds per minute. Its distinctive mechanical whirr echoed across battlefields, marking a chilling shift toward modern, industrialized warfare. While undoubtedly efficient, the Gatling gun also embodied a grim reality: the age when technology would reshape combat forever had arrived. Just in time to cause more chaos in the already bloody American Civil War. What is less known these days is that there was another Civil War involving descendants of Europeans, and this was going on in South Africa. The AmaZulu had just wrapped up their own recent Civil War as you've heard. All manner of brutal and uncivil conduct marked this period in South African history, as neighbour turned against neighbour and the bonds of society frayed. The Boer Republics had been riven by conflict since the days of the Voortrekkers, but in 1862 perhaps inspired in part by the American civil War, the Boer Republics went from squabbling to skirmishing. There's no proof that the carnage of the United States directly influenced South Africa, but there is proof that the Boers knew about it. Later, during the apartheid period of National Party Rule, this Transvaal Civil War was deposited in historical file 13, almost expunged, because it contradicted the prevailing political ideology where it was all the whites against all the blacks. Anything that detracted from this nationalist agenda was taboo. The modern architects of African nationalism, too, often reshape the past to suit their narratives, discarding inconvenient histories into their own version of "file 13."Compared to the carnage in America, where an estimated 750 000 people died, the South African version was far less bloody. A few dozen dead and wounded. A handful of skirmishes was the real effect, which took place in what is now Gauteng, Limpopo, Mpumalanga and the North West Province - but at the same time as the American Civil War which ran from 1861 to 1865. The Transvaal Civil War started in 1862 and ended in 1864. While less gory, it was emblematic of the frontier streak embedded in the first generation descendants of the Voortrekkers. According to the constitution of the Republic, the Hervormde Church was the state church. Its members alone were entitled to exercise any influence in public affairs. Whoever was not a member of the Hervormde Church was not a fully-qualified burgher. Paul Kruger belonged to the Christelljk-Gereformeerde Kerk founded recently, in 1859, by Dr. Postma, at Rustenburg. This church became known in South Africa as the Dopper, or partly Canting Church. The derivation of the word Dopper is not completely clear, but it was believed to have come from the word dop, a damper or extinguisher for putting out Candles.

On today's episode, we dive back into the Boer Wars, focusing on the tumultuous events leading up to the conflict and the complex relationships between the British Empire and the Afrikaner settlers. We explore the origins of Afrikaner identity, the economic implications of the gold discovery in the Transvaal, and the pivotal figures like Paul Kruger and Cecil Rhodes who shaped this era. As tensions rise, we discuss the disastrous Jameson Raid and its repercussions on British-Boer relations, culminating in the declaration of war that would set the stage for one of the first modern conflicts. Join us as we unpack these historical intricacies and their lasting impact on South Africa. Links to our other stuff on the interwebs: https://www.youtube.com/@BroHistory https://brohistory.substack.com/ #323 Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

This is episode 213, and Sir George Grey, the Cape Governor was peering intensely at the Boer Republics to the north. The Free Staters under Boshof had failed in their mission to drive Moshoeshoe out of the disputed territory south of the Caledon River and many of the burghers changed their tune when it came to possible amalgamation with the Transvaal. They were now considering this a viable option. Marthinus Pretorius had made good progress north of the Vaal, despite the boers of Lydenburg opposing his overtures for a single large and powerful Boer state. The fragmentary nature of the Voortrekker's states was hard to overcome. But it was heartening for those Boers who wanted unification to hear that the Zoutpansbergers were prepared to listen to arguments for cohesion. One of the most strident and convincing voices that emerged was that of Paul Kruger. He was acting on behalf of Pretorius and the Zoutpansbergers accepted the Grondwet of the Transvaal, the constitution, which the Rustenburgers had adopted. The northern republics were moving towards some sort of union, by 1858 the tiny Boer Republic of Utrecht in northern Natal had thrown in their lot with tye Lydenburgers. Grey regarded these moves as ominous. The British empire had experienced a serious jolt when the Indian Mutiny broke out in 1857, and now he'd heard the reports of the Boer expedition to Moshoeshoe's Thaba Bosiu which had ended in defeat. He'd have to send reinforcements to India, and deal with instability on the frontier at the same time. The Bathlaping people had also taken advantage of the Boer assault on the south eastern edge of the free State into Basotho territory by doing some invading of their own - into the Free State from the West. The San and Korana had also broken loose and Boshof's commandos were going to be very busy as they rode around the Free State, trying to subdue these raiders. The Boers had recognized that beneath the monarchial authority and prestige of Moshoeshoe lay a weakness in the political structure - chiefs were patriarchs in their own domain and bound to this hiearchy primarily as the guarantor of their local status. But that status was tied directly to access to land and the acquisition of wealth through cattle or other livestock. One of the strategic shifts in the Volksraad was to reach Moshoeshoe's political supporters by offering them autonomous territories. These black statelets would then be part of a broader Boer state, supposedly free from settler and other Basotho raids and harassment. The mark of this land use was through a collective, a group living on the land in a specific geographic space who provided territorial power for any chief agreeing to join the Boers. AS you're going to hear in future episodes — Moshoeshoe's second son Molapo would seek an independent state aligned with the Boers. Mopeli Mokachane, Moshoeshoe's half-brother, was another enticed away from the Basotho polity by the late 1860s. By late May 1858, the Transvaal sent a commando to assist the Free State in dealing with these raiders, defeating the Bathlaping and imposing crushing reparations on the people for having sheltered some of these rebels. The defeat by the Basotho, however, proved to most Free Staters that they could not survive alone, and they turned on their president, Boshof. He'd written to Sir George Grey and asked for help in dealing with the Basotho king, an act which stuck in most burgher's craws — asking the very people who'd indirectly driven them out of the Cape for help. It was a stunning act of weakness they thought. Grey concluded once and for all that the division of the white South African communities into seperate polities had destroyed their capacity to deal with African chiefs. But he opposed the idea of Boer states leading this unification. Even more alarming was the news that the two main Boer Republics might unite. In his eyes, this would threaten the stability still further.

This is episode 213, and Sir George Grey, the Cape Governor was peering intensely at the Boer Republics to the north. The Free Staters under Boshof had failed in their mission to drive Moshoeshoe out of the disputed territory south of the Caledon River and many of the burghers changed their tune when it came to possible amalgamation with the Transvaal. They were now considering this a viable option. Marthinus Pretorius had made good progress north of the Vaal, despite the boers of Lydenburg opposing his overtures for a single large and powerful Boer state. The fragmentary nature of the Voortrekker's states was hard to overcome. But it was heartening for those Boers who wanted unification to hear that the Zoutpansbergers were prepared to listen to arguments for cohesion. One of the most strident and convincing voices that emerged was that of Paul Kruger. He was acting on behalf of Pretorius and the Zoutpansbergers accepted the Grondwet of the Transvaal, the constitution, which the Rustenburgers had adopted. The northern republics were moving towards some sort of union, by 1858 the tiny Boer Republic of Utrecht in northern Natal had thrown in their lot with tye Lydenburgers. Grey regarded these moves as ominous. The British empire had experienced a serious jolt when the Indian Mutiny broke out in 1857, and now he'd heard the reports of the Boer expedition to Moshoeshoe's Thaba Bosiu which had ended in defeat. He'd have to send reinforcements to India, and deal with instability on the frontier at the same time. The Bathlaping people had also taken advantage of the Boer assault on the south eastern edge of the free State into Basotho territory by doing some invading of their own - into the Free State from the West. The San and Korana had also broken loose and Boshof's commandos were going to be very busy as they rode around the Free State, trying to subdue these raiders. The Boers had recognized that beneath the monarchial authority and prestige of Moshoeshoe lay a weakness in the political structure - chiefs were patriarchs in their own domain and bound to this hiearchy primarily as the guarantor of their local status. But that status was tied directly to access to land and the acquisition of wealth through cattle or other livestock. One of the strategic shifts in the Volksraad was to reach Moshoeshoe's political supporters by offering them autonomous territories. These black statelets would then be part of a broader Boer state, supposedly free from settler and other Basotho raids and harassment. The mark of this land use was through a collective, a group living on the land in a specific geographic space who provided territorial power for any chief agreeing to join the Boers. AS you're going to hear in future episodes — Moshoeshoe's second son Molapo would seek an independent state aligned with the Boers. Mopeli Mokachane, Moshoeshoe's half-brother, was another enticed away from the Basotho polity by the late 1860s. By late May 1858, the Transvaal sent a commando to assist the Free State in dealing with these raiders, defeating the Bathlaping and imposing crushing reparations on the people for having sheltered some of these rebels. The defeat by the Basotho, however, proved to most Free Staters that they could not survive alone, and they turned on their president, Boshof. He'd written to Sir George Grey and asked for help in dealing with the Basotho king, an act which stuck in most burgher's craws — asking the very people who'd indirectly driven them out of the Cape for help. It was a stunning act of weakness they thought. Grey concluded once and for all that the division of the white South African communities into seperate polities had destroyed their capacity to deal with African chiefs. But he opposed the idea of Boer states leading this unification. Even more alarming was the news that the two main Boer Republics might unite. In his eyes, this would threaten the stability still further.

In 1899, the British went to war with the Boer Republics.  This was when the British Empire was close to its blazing zenith and unquestionably the ranking world power.  Any war against the somewhat backward Boers on a remote border of the empire in southern Africa would surely be quick and decisive.  It did not turn out that way.  As Rudyard Kipling put it, the Boers gave the British “no end of a lesson.”  Thomas Pakenham tells the story in “The Boer War.” 

The definitive account of Commando: A Boer Journal of the Anglo-Boer War, published word-for-word as Reitz first wrote it; edited and annotated by historian and Anglo-Boer War expert, Professor Fransjohan Pretorius. In 1899, Deneys Reitz, then aged seventeen, enlisted in the Boer army to fight the British. He had learnt to ride, shoot and swim almost as soon as he could walk. He made full use of these skills and the endurance he had acquired in the next three years of the war, during which he fought with the Boer commandos. He was involved in major actions, like the battle of Spioen Kop, and he interacted with prolific political and military figures of the time, such as President Paul Kruger, Boer generals Piet Joubert, Louis Botha, Koos de la Rey, Christiaan Beyers, Jan Smuts and British commander Lord Kitchener. He even met the young Winston Churchill as a prisoner-of-war in Pretoria. Reitz forged a strong personal and political friendship with General Jan Smuts after the war, built on reciprocal respect. Commando is more than a historical document; it is a literary masterpiece that transcends time. With prose that captures both the brutality and the beauty of war, Reitz weaves a narrative that resonates with authenticity and passion. As relevant today as when it was first penned, Commando has become a South African classic and stands as a testament to the indomitable human spirit in the face of adversity. In this episode of Pagecast, Professor Fransjohan Pretorius. is interviewed by CapeTalk Afternoon Drive Presenter, John Maytham. Enjoy

A new MP3 sermon from Frontline Fellowship is now available on SermonAudio with the following details: Title: Paul Kruger Voortrekker & Conservationist Subtitle: South African History Speaker: Peter Hammond Broadcaster: Frontline Fellowship Event: Teaching Date: 8/16/2024 Length: 42 min.

Recollections : Paul KrugerAdvertising Inquiries: https://redcircle.com/brandsPrivacy & Opt-Out: https://redcircle.com/privacy

Josh travels to South Africa in search of former President Paul Kruger's missing gold cache. He evades dangerous poachers and meets the Shangaan tribe en route to the treasure that may be hiding in the African wilderness. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Just a quick thank you to the folks at East coast Radio, Diane and DW, for promoting this podcast with listeners to that station, I'm honoured to have cracked the nod and been selected to be part of their ECR podcast platform. Also a big thank you to all the listeners who've reviewed this podcast on iTunes and elsewhere, it's pushed the series into the top 20 or so at least according to Apple, and there've been close to 800 000 listens. With that slightly self-serving service announcement, back to the real world of the third decade in the 19th Century. Last episode we heard how Harry Smith was busy ridiculing the amaXhosa culture and religion, and planning to destroy their chiefs in order to ensure they would be pliable to the British government's needs in the coming years. We'll get back to Colonel Smith in future episodes. Moshoeshoe's kingdom had taken shape, and to his north, the kingdom of the BaTlokwa, who were led by Sekhonyela, the son of MaNthatisi. While she had been regal, stately, and charming, he was equally tall, but was surly and aggressive where she had been tactful. He was a capable war leader however, and Moshoeshoe had never managed to defeat him - in fact he had forced the BaSotho leader to hand over Thaba Bosiu to him in 1824. In the continuous war between Moshoeshoe and Sekhonyela, the greatest treasure was the Caledon River Valley - a land of water, pasturage, and defensive buttes and other landscape strongholds. The Batlokwa ruled the upper valley, the north, and by 1835 Sekhonyela had emulated Moshoeshoe in forming alliances with the Drosters - the Griquas and other mixed race groups that were living along the western edge of his land. The Drosters had been repeatedly defeated by Mzilikazi and he stood menacingly in the path of the Trekkers pushing north across the Vaal River - a confrontation was unavoidable. It had been a remarkable journey for Mzilikazi from the area at the headwaters of the Black Mfolozi in north Western Zululand, up on the highveld to the Vaal River. As he roamed, he killed off all competitors, particularly members of his own family, similar to what Shaka and Dingane had done. He ran his kingdom as a Zulu, he also had age based regiments, he also forced his warriors to fight for him before they could marry, usually taking about 10 years, the unmarried men known as the amaJaha. The older men who were the members of the ibutho, had many wives and children, large herds, and took captives from war, who did the chores around the homestead, enslaved. By the early 1830s these Ndebele were happily ensconced north of the Magaliesburg mountains with its excellent water and pastures. And its warmer than other areas of the highveld, with its ridges covered in thick vegetation. Despite controlling territory all the way south of the Vaal and for hundreds of kilometers around this central point, Mzilikazi was paranoid about his safety. is diplomacy was specifically aimed at preventing others like the Drosters heading into his land from the Cape - and here he completely underestimated the Voortrekkers. They conformed to no treaty either, which is not what Mzilikazi had expected. Leading the most significant of these trek parties was Andries Hendrik Potgieter who was a farmer from the Cradock District who'd departed from his beloved Klein Karoo in December 1835. There were 49 armed men and teenage boys over 16, he led 50 wagons, and was joined by Charl or Sarel Cilliers as he became known, who lived near Colesberg. He had 25 adult men in his group, and included a ten year-old Paul Kruger as I've mentioned.

Just a quick thank you to the folks at East coast Radio, Diane and DW, for promoting this podcast with listeners to that station, I'm honoured to have cracked the nod and been selected to be part of their ECR podcast platform. Also a big thank you to all the listeners who've reviewed this podcast on iTunes and elsewhere, it's pushed the series into the top 20 or so at least according to Apple, and there've been close to 800 000 listens. With that slightly self-serving service announcement, back to the real world of the third decade in the 19th Century. Last episode we heard how Harry Smith was busy ridiculing the amaXhosa culture and religion, and planning to destroy their chiefs in order to ensure they would be pliable to the British government's needs in the coming years. We'll get back to Colonel Smith in future episodes. Moshoeshoe's kingdom had taken shape, and to his north, the kingdom of the BaTlokwa, who were led by Sekhonyela, the son of MaNthatisi. While she had been regal, stately, and charming, he was equally tall, but was surly and aggressive where she had been tactful. He was a capable war leader however, and Moshoeshoe had never managed to defeat him - in fact he had forced the BaSotho leader to hand over Thaba Bosiu to him in 1824. In the continuous war between Moshoeshoe and Sekhonyela, the greatest treasure was the Caledon River Valley - a land of water, pasturage, and defensive buttes and other landscape strongholds. The Batlokwa ruled the upper valley, the north, and by 1835 Sekhonyela had emulated Moshoeshoe in forming alliances with the Drosters - the Griquas and other mixed race groups that were living along the western edge of his land. The Drosters had been repeatedly defeated by Mzilikazi and he stood menacingly in the path of the Trekkers pushing north across the Vaal River - a confrontation was unavoidable. It had been a remarkable journey for Mzilikazi from the area at the headwaters of the Black Mfolozi in north Western Zululand, up on the highveld to the Vaal River. As he roamed, he killed off all competitors, particularly members of his own family, similar to what Shaka and Dingane had done. He ran his kingdom as a Zulu, he also had age based regiments, he also forced his warriors to fight for him before they could marry, usually taking about 10 years, the unmarried men known as the amaJaha. The older men who were the members of the ibutho, had many wives and children, large herds, and took captives from war, who did the chores around the homestead, enslaved. By the early 1830s these Ndebele were happily ensconced north of the Magaliesburg mountains with its excellent water and pastures. And its warmer than other areas of the highveld, with its ridges covered in thick vegetation. Despite controlling territory all the way south of the Vaal and for hundreds of kilometers around this central point, Mzilikazi was paranoid about his safety. is diplomacy was specifically aimed at preventing others like the Drosters heading into his land from the Cape - and here he completely underestimated the Voortrekkers. They conformed to no treaty either, which is not what Mzilikazi had expected. Leading the most significant of these trek parties was Andries Hendrik Potgieter who was a farmer from the Cradock District who'd departed from his beloved Klein Karoo in December 1835. There were 49 armed men and teenage boys over 16, he led 50 wagons, and was joined by Charl or Sarel Cilliers as he became known, who lived near Colesberg. He had 25 adult men in his group, and included a ten year-old Paul Kruger as I've mentioned.

Hark! What sound breaks the inscrutable silence of the immense African veld? Dozens of wagons, which would become hundreds. Trundling along at about 5 miles a day, the Voortrekkers were leaving the Cape for their promised lands - albeit yet unidentified. This was a case of being pushed out at least in their minds - culturally, ideologically, fundamentally, they felt they did not belong in the Cape and the Karoo, they had been alienated in the land of their birth by the dreaded English. These initial trundling wagons were the first major parties of Boers under Andries Hendrik Potgieter and Charl Celliers - aka Sarel. We're going to travel with these men and women, and also join African leaders like Moshoeshoe, Mzilikazi and Dingane, as they watched the approach of heavily armed and well organised settlers. Some of these regents saw the Boers as a threat, others as an opportunity. Andries Hendrik Potgieter was a resolute and single-minded farmer from the Cradock District in the Eastern Cape who had decided to leave with a group of extended family, neighbours and friends - 40 men and boys, about the same number of women and girls, more than a hundred Khoesan slaves all aboard more than 50 wagons. It was December 1835 when they crossed the Orange River, joined in a while by Charl Celliers' trek party which included 25 men, attenuated by the arrival of Caspar Kruger's small section - the one in which a very young Paul Kruger travelled. These two parties had crossed the Orange River separately, and it wasn't a crossing for the faint hearted - the river was flooding and the horses and oxen swam to the northern bank as the wagons and the trekkers and their other goods managed to float across on rafts made of the willow trees that grow along the banks. As the women stepped onto the northern side, they began to sing hymns, here they were arriving on the hallowed land that they'd been hearing about for years. They had left the hated English behind, anything was better than that. More fuel was thrown on the fire of bitterness when word filtered through to the frontier Boers that the English had fibbed about the compensation that was going to be paid to former slave owners after emancipation - less than half of the 3.4 million pounds worldwide was now available, and the British had put a price of 73.9 shillings on each slave. 73.9 shillings and 11 pence to be precise. That's about 10 rand in today's currency - a lot of money in 1835 - but almost insulting isn't it? Ten bucks for a human. The Boers thought so too - they regarded their slaves as far more valuable than a measly 73.9 shillings and 11 pence and were outraged. So no compensation for the war, then what of their slaves? Slavery was banned in December 1834 as you heard, and the slave owners were supposed to be compensated but here was London, reneging on another promise. The British government said that all compensation would only be paid out in England - and Glenelg rejected an appeal from the Cape that payments be made locally. How was that going to work, most of the Boers never travelled to Cape Town, let alone to London? They were brought to the Cape from the first days of the VOC back in 1652. Most were southeast Asian Catholic converts from the island of Ambon, and soon this phrase, Merdeka, came to mean any creole mixed race person, or free black. Just to add a layer of irony here because this is South African history, the first known Merdeka to the Cape was Anthony de Later van Japan who was actually from Japan, and eventually freed along with his wife Groot Cathrijn van Bengale. She was from a region of modern day Bangladesh. Anthony de Later van Japan's foster parents were Japanese slave owners Johan van Nagasaki and Johanna van Hirado. Anthony it is thought was a child surrendered as debt bondage back in Japan.

Hark! What sound breaks the inscrutable silence of the immense African veld? Dozens of wagons, which would become hundreds. Trundling along at about 5 miles a day, the Voortrekkers were leaving the Cape for their promised lands - albeit yet unidentified. This was a case of being pushed out at least in their minds - culturally, ideologically, fundamentally, they felt they did not belong in the Cape and the Karoo, they had been alienated in the land of their birth by the dreaded English. These initial trundling wagons were the first major parties of Boers under Andries Hendrik Potgieter and Charl Celliers - aka Sarel. We're going to travel with these men and women, and also join African leaders like Moshoeshoe, Mzilikazi and Dingane, as they watched the approach of heavily armed and well organised settlers. Some of these regents saw the Boers as a threat, others as an opportunity. Andries Hendrik Potgieter was a resolute and single-minded farmer from the Cradock District in the Eastern Cape who had decided to leave with a group of extended family, neighbours and friends - 40 men and boys, about the same number of women and girls, more than a hundred Khoesan slaves all aboard more than 50 wagons. It was December 1835 when they crossed the Orange River, joined in a while by Charl Celliers' trek party which included 25 men, attenuated by the arrival of Caspar Kruger's small section - the one in which a very young Paul Kruger travelled. These two parties had crossed the Orange River separately, and it wasn't a crossing for the faint hearted - the river was flooding and the horses and oxen swam to the northern bank as the wagons and the trekkers and their other goods managed to float across on rafts made of the willow trees that grow along the banks. As the women stepped onto the northern side, they began to sing hymns, here they were arriving on the hallowed land that they'd been hearing about for years. They had left the hated English behind, anything was better than that. More fuel was thrown on the fire of bitterness when word filtered through to the frontier Boers that the English had fibbed about the compensation that was going to be paid to former slave owners after emancipation - less than half of the 3.4 million pounds worldwide was now available, and the British had put a price of 73.9 shillings on each slave. 73.9 shillings and 11 pence to be precise. That's about 10 rand in today's currency - a lot of money in 1835 - but almost insulting isn't it? Ten bucks for a human. The Boers thought so too - they regarded their slaves as far more valuable than a measly 73.9 shillings and 11 pence and were outraged. So no compensation for the war, then what of their slaves? Slavery was banned in December 1834 as you heard, and the slave owners were supposed to be compensated but here was London, reneging on another promise. The British government said that all compensation would only be paid out in England - and Glenelg rejected an appeal from the Cape that payments be made locally. How was that going to work, most of the Boers never travelled to Cape Town, let alone to London? They were brought to the Cape from the first days of the VOC back in 1652. Most were southeast Asian Catholic converts from the island of Ambon, and soon this phrase, Merdeka, came to mean any creole mixed race person, or free black. Just to add a layer of irony here because this is South African history, the first known Merdeka to the Cape was Anthony de Later van Japan who was actually from Japan, and eventually freed along with his wife Groot Cathrijn van Bengale. She was from a region of modern day Bangladesh. Anthony de Later van Japan's foster parents were Japanese slave owners Johan van Nagasaki and Johanna van Hirado. Anthony it is thought was a child surrendered as debt bondage back in Japan.

Paul Kruger has an amazing story about how he was raised in the Mormon church, playing in the NFL, and what life is like after playing the game. Paul grew up in Utah and played college ball at the University of Utah. He was then drafted by the Baltimore Ravens in the second round of the draft in 2009. Paul had a ton of success and was a valuable player in the NFL having won a Super Bowl with the Baltimore Ravens, playing with the Cleveland Browns, and ending his NFL career with the New Orleans Saints. Before playing in the NFL, Paul went on a service mission through his church. Throughout this journey, he learned valuable life lessons and gained perspective on what he truly wanted out of life.Paul thrived, worked hard, and won big in the NFL. However, he knew in his core that he wanted more out of life. After getting brutally assaulted and injured in Utah, Paul's views on life and its fragility were forever altered.With strong ties to his faith, and knowing his calling in life has a greater purpose, Paul has taken his wins in both life and the NFL and created success in business and in his personal life as a strong family man.  Connect with Peter Meyerhoff:Website InstagramTikTokFacebookEmail: petermeyerhoff.info@gmail.comConnect with Paul Kruger Here:InstagramTwitter

One of the most significant moments in, not just South African history, but world history is the Anglo-Boer War. Mark Weber is a historian who unpacks the conflict between the British and Boers; the brilliance of the Boer war tactics; the concentration camps; the roles of Cecil Rhodes, Paul Kruger and others; gold and diamonds; and more. It's a fascinating part of history and a testament to the creativity of the Boers. Please support my work

In 1899, Canada sent soldiers overseas to fight on a foreign shore for the first time. In the first episode of our series on the Boer War, we look at the roots of the conflict in South Africa.  Visit our website: https://www.canadianhistorypodcast.caVisit us on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/canadianhistoryVisit us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/canadianhistorywithstevenwilsonCheck us out on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCNfOI7uxJ04GIn7O_b1yarACheck out our GoFundMe: https://gofund.me/ca5ddea0We are on Tik Tok: https://www.tiktok.com/@canadianhistorypodcast “Sinking” by Philip Ravenel, used under Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Paul Kruger is a former NFL lineman. Paul was drafted by the Baltimore Ravens in the second round of the 2009 NFL Draft and the star linebacker for the Ravens during their Super Bowl victory in 2013. Paul and also played for the Cleveland Browns and New Orleans Saints. Prior to the NFL, he played college football at Utah.

NALC Rev. Paul Kruger

Paul Christian Kruger Jr. is a former American football defensive end who was drafted by the Baltimore Ravens in the 2009 NFL Draft during the second round. Prior to his time in the NFL Paul played on the collegiate level ball at Utah. He also had two separate tenures with Cleveland Browns and New Orleans Saints before retiring, but not without putting his entrepreneurial skills on display as an owner of By the Bucket, a national restaurant chain, commercial real estate, and multiple other investments.In this passage about Mr P C KRUGER JR

In this episode John discusses the epic lesson that he learned interviewing his friend, former NFL player Paul Kruger, that will help you stay focused on your goals and continue to win in any environment. Listen in! –––––––––––––––– Also, if you have a question that you think John should address on the show; click the link below and reach out on Instagram, or leave a comment where you see this message.

In today's episode:  how cataloguing old vines in South Africa has raised standards for fair employment, and sustainable farming and may just prove the key to solving the problem of the country's most prevalent vine virus. We continue investigating the topic of old vines, this time from a different perspective, as we look to the Certified Heritage Vineyards of South Africa. We hope you've built up an appetite for the subject after last week's head-turning conversation with the South Australian duo of Dr. Dylan Griggs, the man who wrote the Ph.D. thesis on old vines after an extensive study of the old vines of the Barossa Valley, and Prue Henschke, viticulturist for the renowned Henschke winery, that produces two of the oldest single vineyard wines in Australia today.We know that the term “old vines” helps to sell wine. Trade and well-informed consumers, tend to believe that old vines = better wine. But is that really true? Listen to last week's episode to find out more about that topic but, spoiler alert, a more accurate expression would be “old vines make different wines”. The Thieves have come to think that those differences are worth preserving and protecting and thus will be discussing a movement in South Africa whose core mission is to do just that - preserve and protect old vines. Winery members of what is known as the “Old Vine Project” can now put a Certified Heritage Vineyards seal on bottles - the threshold for old is 35 years, which is not quite as arbitrary a number as you might think and the seal includes the date of the original planting of each of these old vineyards – a guarantee of authenticity. Our guests on the program include former lawyer-turned-viticulturist Rosa Kruger who is the founder of the small, privately funded group of crusaders known as “The Old Vines Project”. Kruger is the great-great-granddaughter of Paul Kruger, President of South Africa from 1883-1900, and the one for whom the famous Kruger national park is named.  During her travels and tastings around the wine world, Kruger arrived at the realization that old vines not only had advantages on a viticultural level, but also produced better, or at least distinctively, wine. Rosa's colleague and counterpart at the OVP, Andre Morgenthal,  joins the round table. André has lectured at the Cape Wine Academy and has worked several vintages at Domaine Bertagna in Vougeot, Burgundy and made wine on a small Stellenbosch property, Clos du Ciel. In 2001, he joined Wines of South Africa (WOSA) as Communications Manager with a focus on media relations but in 2016 he resigned from WOSA to start his own business, among other ventures assisting Rosa Kruger with the Old Vine Project (OVP). Also joining the conversation is Andrew Harris of DGB, one of the largest South African producers and distributors of wine and spirits. DGB has developed and built some of the most successful wine brands in South Africa, including Boschendal, Franschhoek Cellars and Bellingham, as well as new projects through Artisanal Brands such as The Old Road Wine Co. and Fryer's Cove, which DGB acquired last year. DGB is an important member of the Old Vine Project and manages more old vineyards than any other group in SA.Find yourself a glass of old vines chenin blanc and join the conversation!

Es ging um Gold. Um Freiheit. Und um die Sklaverei. Der zweite Burenkrieg war eine Auseinandersetzung zweier ungleicher Gegner: Die kleine Burenrepublik Transvaal im Süden Afrikas kämpfte unter Paul Kruger gegen das britische Empire. Und das zeigte sich gnadenlos. Autorin: Andrea Kath Von Andrea Kath.

Paul en Daniël is vandag in die ateljee om hierdie week se grootste nuusgebeure te bespreek. In vandag se episode kyk die span na die debat oor Paul Kruger se standbeeld op Kerkplein, die taalstryd by UNISA asook die partye se verkiesingsmaniveste.ONDERSTEUN #ONTNONSENS​​​​​​​​.

Jeff and John try to wrap up the minor league season as three of the teams end their season this weekend. They talk with AA pitcher Cole Ragans and newly promoted Paul Kruger who is the new Director Of Baseball Operations. Paul was the Director of Minor League Operations this season. They talk all things Down In The Bus Leagues, including their picks for player awards. If the minor leagues are your thing, this is the show for you. They also discuss where the term "Down In The Bus Leagues" comes from and what a Sod Poodle is. --- This episode is sponsored by · Anchor: The easiest way to make a podcast. https://anchor.fm/app Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/txrangerspod/support

Jan Smuts and company take another shot at invading the Cape Colony while Louis Botha takes another crack at Natal. Will they yield the same fruit? Notes: 1) Be a reason that there is a Q&A episode by using this link to send me questions related to the history we've covered: https://forgottenwarspodcast.com/contact/ 2) Be the first to help the show go on and become a permanent part of an episode by supporting us on Patreon using this link: https://forgottenwarspodcast.com/donate/

Bergendal, Churchill's book tour, guerrilla warfare, De Wet's 4-pronged invasion, Botha and Kitchener's peace talks, and blockhouses ... all that in this episode. 1) Learn more dates and districts for Churchill's elections using this article: https://winstonchurchill.org/resources/reference/churchills-elections/ 2) Be a reason that there is a Q&A episode by using this link to send me questions related to the history we've covered: https://forgottenwarspodcast.com/contact/ 3) As of July 8, 2021, the show has yet to earn its first dollar of gross income. Be the first to help the show go on here: https://forgottenwarspodcast.com/donate/ OR here: https://forgottenwarspodcast.com/merch/

A letter from Howie to Leonora LaPeter Anton at the St. Pete Times   Dear Leonora,  Carole tells me that your recent questions have been directed at getting more views on exotic pet ownership and about the numbers of cats in the wild. Thank you for taking the time to do that.   There is one comment in one of your emails that I would like to address.  You may well have decided at this point the structure of your story and what you are going to include, so nothing I say may matter.  But I would like to make one distinction clear in case it is not.  The distinction is between mentioning Don's disappearance versus the mentioning the claims of Carole's involvement.  I believe in one email you suggested Carole might not like your mentioning Don's disappearance, and you made reference to her denying involvement.   Mentioning Don's disappearance is not really something with which Carole has a problem.  I'm not sure it would be a “big case” other than for the media circus that surrounded it, and I think that media coverage was generated not by the disappearance but by the false claims of Carole's involvement. I doubt if Don's disappearance would appear on your radar if it were not for these false claims and the hope of the breeders/owners that you will revive them. Those claims were not made by law enforcement, they were made by individuals who had something to gain.  Law enforcement did their investigation and the result is obvious.  But, it is a true fact that he disappeared, it is part of the history of the sanctuary and of Carole's personal history.   In contrast to mentioning the disappearance as part of the history, repeating ten year old lies like those groundless accusations is different.  It makes titillating reading for the masses.  But I believe it serves no journalistic purpose or public benefit.  It only serves the breeders/owners who make any effort they can to try to cause Carole pain, use up our time on their false complaints, and distract from the meaningful issues of extinction and captive animal ownership.   Carole mentioned to you some of the various ways in which the breeder/owners file false complaints with regulatory or accrediting bodies. This week we experienced a new one that I think is one of the best examples of what we are dealing with when it comes to the tactics and ethics of these people.  Carole received a call for “Carole Lewis” from a regulator saying Carole was behind in child support payments for her son.  Carole's only son was a stepson for whom she was never financially responsible who died in a car accident years ago.  The regulator who called concluded she must have the wrong Carole Lewis, not that uncommon a name, and we would have thought so too except for events later in the day.  Carole got to the sanctuary to learn that our manager's drivers license had been suspended for his allegedly failing to make child support payments.  Scott has never been married and has no children.  Think this is a coincidence?  I suspect there is some hotline where people can anonymously report child support violators and the breeders/owners used it, like their false anonymous claims to Workers' Compensation and others.   I did not ask you the content of the “tip” you said put this story on your radar.  But I can tell you one thing for sure.  The sole purpose of the tip, like these other actions, is to use you to cause Carole pain, try to discredit her, and use up our time to distract us from the work of changing the laws to protect the animals.  The justifications these people use for their selfish treatment of the animals generally do not find acceptance with the public, who show increasing concern over the treatment of animals.  So instead of intelligent debate on these issues, their primary tactic basically to “fight dirty” by spreading lies to try to discredit Carole since she is prominent in this effort and being effective in the trend toward tougher laws.   Whether you print the lies about involvement in Don's disappearance, or the other lies they spread about the sanctuary, is up to you. I believe you when you say you want to write something that is balanced and fair.  I don't sense you are going about this with malice like Chris Hawes clearly did.  When it comes to the issues of how animals are treated, there is a way to present sides of the argument with balance.  But I do not see how there is a balanced and fair way to repeat outright lies.  Simply printing them, no matter how they are framed, creates the innuendo and the shadow of doubt that the attackers desire.   There is certainly a human interest story in Carole's evolution of views and activities.  More significantly there are two really important issues - extinction of the animals in the wild, and their treatment in captivity - that are genuinely important to the world as a whole and an increasingly number of individuals.  Exploring these serves a true journalistic purpose and truly serves the public interest, which I would think is inherent in the mission of the Times.  Again, this is obviously your decision, but I don't see how reprinting ten year old lies serves these higher goals.   You will do as you see fit.  If you do choose to rehash the false claims that were made about Don's disappearance or the other claims the breeders/owners make, I can pretty well predict what will follow:   1. Yates and cohorts will gleefully be sending emails to each others patting themselves on the back for making you their latest agent in their disinformation campaign by getting you to revive the ten year old lies about the disappearance and any others they manage to get you to print.  And they will be laughing at you as well as at us for their success in this. 2. When I tried to meet with Mr. Yates to understand his views on exhibiting animals, on top of the papers he brought with him was the old People Magazine.  Now, he will have a copy of your article on top, trying to use the good name and reputation of the Times as support for his lies. 3. He and/or cohorts will start a new round of complaints to the accrediting bodies that we are approved by, sending your article as evidence of their claims.  This will further drain my time by having to respond to them.  As in the past, we will prevail, but they will have succeeded in making a nuisance of themselves to us and to the staff of these organizations.   Last, if you print the old lies, you of course cause some pain here just because it is painful to see this in print.  In some ways perhaps more for me than Carole, because it is probably harder when someone you love is unjustly attacked than when you are yourself.  And Carole, who has already been through so much over Don's disappearance and does not deserve more, will of course survive the hurt of having the old lies printed.  What will carry her, as in the past, is her strong will, her obvious knowledge of the truth, her passion for her mission and understanding that her role unfortunately includes being the subject of these attacks, and finally her strong faith and her belief that ultimately things happen the way they are supposed to.  And, despite the distractions, we will continue our work toward protecting the animals. The breeders/owners can cause pain and distraction with these attacks, but the cultural evolution in the way treatment of exotic animals is being viewed by the public across the nation and world will continue.  If you read this far, thank you, even if it makes no difference.   I'll part with two quotes I find interesting but not sure if you will.  One is the Ghandi quote I mentioned to you in our conversation and promised to send:  “You can judge the moral progress of a nation by its treatment of animals.”   The other comes from a book I just started called “A Game Ranger Remembers” by a man who spent his life as a ranger at the Kruger National Park in South Africa. He talks about the difference in the way animals were viewed when the park was founded many years before to the time he became Chief Ranger in 1983. His remarks reflect a transition that continues at an accelerated pace today. He says:   “When the Park was proclaimed by President Paul Kruger, attitudes toward animals were based on a very literal interpretation of the biblical injunction that God had given Man dominion over the birds of the air and the fishes of the sea.  By the  time the pioneers (i.e. founders of the Park) bowed out the world was coming to realize that such dominion meant not the conferral of a license to plunder but the assumption of a great and noble responsibility.”  Sincerely,  Howard Baskin   I've been writing my story since I was able to write, but when the media goes to share it, they only choose the parts that fit their idea of what will generate views.  If I'm going to share my story, it should be the whole story.  The titles are the dates things happened. If you have any interest in who I really am please start at the beginning of this playlist: http://savethecats.org/   I know there will be people who take things out of context and try to use them to validate their own misconception, but you have access to the whole story.  My hope is that others will recognize themselves in my words and have the strength to do what is right for themselves and our shared planet.     You can help feed the cats at no cost to you using Amazon Smile! Visit BigCatRescue.org/Amazon-smile   You can see photos, videos and more, updated daily at BigCatRescue.org   Check out our main channel at YouTube.com/BigCatRescue   Music (if any) from Epidemic Sound (http://www.epidemicsound.com) This video is for entertainment purposes only and is my opinion.

As British forces close in on Pretoria, the Boers argue about surrendering or fighting on. Which side will take more prisoners? Which side will triumph at Diamond Hill? What proclamations will ripple for decades? Notes: 1) My brother laughed out loud when he saw me finally get this going.... my Instagram page. If you want to be amused by an amateur, follow me using this link: https://www.instagram.com/forgottenwarspodcast/ 2) If you have questions about battles and people mentioned in this episode, contact me using this link: https://forgottenwarspodcast.com/contact/ Your question could be featured in a future episode of the show :) 3) Try Fiverr & help the show: https://track.fiverr.com/visit/?bta=231913&nci=9380

Blacks were more than victims and unskilled laborers in this war. Learn enough today to see through the glass more clearly. SHOW NOTES: 1. Yes ... you did hear baby Evan losing his mind at about the 14 minute mark :) 2. You can share the show on your preferred social media platform using a text like this: “ Want to know more South African history than 95% of the world? This focuses on white South Africa's origins story, maybe the first Afrikaner hero, and the wars that followed European settlement of southern Africa. Listen to episode 1.3 of the Forgotten Wars Podcast, one of the opening chapters to a story that culminates with the South African War of 1899-1902 (Anglo-Boer War). Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/1-3-brits-slaves-voortrekkers-and-a-penis/id1535351938?i=1000494291055 “ 3. Grow yourself and support the show using this Master Class link: https://shareasale.com/r.cfm?b=797461&u=2673298&m=62509&urllink=&afftrack= 4. If you’d to play free poker with me online, contact me using this link: https://forgottenwarspodcast.com/contact/ 5. As of June 2nd, 2021, this show has been operating in the red for nearly a year. Help the show go on. Choose one of many ways to get more and support the show using this link: https://forgottenwarspodcast.com/donate/

After Ladysmith, after Kimberley, and after Paardeberg, as the dominos continue to fall, both a hero and monster emerge in Mafeking.

Pensar en unos brillantes zapatos rojos es hacerlo en la fabulosa historia del Mago de Oz. El cuento escrito a finales del siglo XIX por el periodista norteamericano Lyman Frank Baum nos ofreció un viaje iniciático para superar los terrores de la adolescencia y encontrar el camino de vuelta a una mejor versión de uno mismo. ¿O no era así? Para los famosos economistas Gregory Mankiw y Paul Kruger nada es lo que parece en esta historia de deflación, populismo y metales. Prepárate para el disgusto de tu vida: ni siquiera los zapatos eran rojos en realidad. Empecemos por el principio. A finales del siglo XIX, EEUU sufría un período de extraordinaria deflación: los precios cayeron un 23% entre 1880 y 1896. Este pinchazo provocó una enorme redistribución de la riqueza entre acreedores, los banqueros del noreste de EEUU; y deudores, granjeros del sur y del medio-oeste. Según nos explica Mankiw en su libro Macroeconomía, estas variaciones imprevistas de los precios suelen desencadenar auténticas convulsiones políticas. Lo ocurrido en esta época en EEUU logró que se tambaleara la joya de la corona de la historia económica: el patrón oro.El oro entonces era un metal escaso e impedía respaldar la creación de dinero. La solución al problema vino con la propuesta de sumar la plata al trono e instaurar un patrón bimetálico para aumentar la oferta monetaria y detener la deflación. La lucha entre la defensa de un oro solitario y de una regencia compartida entre este metal y la plata protagonizó la campaña electoral de 1896 en Estados Unidos. Los candidatos rivales se situaron a un lado y a otro del metal. William McKinley, republicano y con la simpatía de los banqueros del noreste, se erigió en defensor del viejo patrón oro. Otro William, Jennings Bryan, demócrata y de familia de agricultores del Medio Oeste, fue el principal impulsor de la plata para respaldar un nuevo patrón bicéfalo. Oro contra plata. Banqueros contra agricultores. Oligarcas contra pequeños propietarios. Noreste contra suroeste. Pura épica en las manos de un escritor que hizo caminar a una niña con unos zapatos de plata...sobre baldosas doradas. Segundo disgusto del día: no, no es Dorothy la protagonista de la historia del Mago de Oz, sino el patrón oro. El autor de Macroeconomía establece una alegoría entre personajes y tipos socioeconómicos de la sociedad estadounidense finisecular, sin olvidarse de nombres propios como los del candidato demócrata Jennings Bryan. Así lo resume él mismo: "Dorothy, que representa los valores norteamericanos tradicionales, hace tres amigos: un espantapájaros -el Agricultor-, un hombre de hojalata -el Obrero Industrial- y un león cuyo rugido es mayor que su poder -el populista Jennings Bryan-. Juntos atraviesan una peligrosa carretera hecha de ladrillos amarillos (el patrón Oro), esperando encontrar al Mago que ayudará a Dorothy a volver a casa. Finalmente, llegan a Oz, donde todos ven el mundo a través de unas gafas verdes (el dinero). El Mago (el candidato republicano William McKinley) resulta ser un fraude. El problema de Dorothy solo se resuelve cuando repara en el poder mágico de sus zapatillas... de plata.¿Sorprendidos? Vayamos por partes. (Paréntesis: si sólo te interesa por qué se cambió el color de los zapatos, tendrás que quedarte hasta el final). En primer lugar, te advertimos que esta interpretación en clave socioeconómica del Mago de Oz se trata de una teoría sin ninguna confirmación. Lleva rondando el mundo acádemico estadounidense desde mediados de los 60. El autor del libro, Frank Baum, nunca se refirió a su historia como algo que no fuera un cuento infantil. Y su muerte en 1925 dejó el misterio sin resolver. En su título original, El Maravilloso Mago de Oz, encontramos la primera referencia a su auténtico protagonista, el patrón oro. También la más obvia. Oz representa en inglés la abreviatura de onza, la medida más popular de este metal. Abramos ahora el libro para seguir avanzando. Dorothy es la primera palabra que aparece en la primera página. El autor no se andó con rodeos para presentarnos a su protagonista, una niña huérfana de Kansas que será arrastrada por un ciclón hasta una tierra fantástica. El ciclón ha sido interpretado como una metáfora de la revolución social que se avecinaba con el movimiento populista. El aterrizaje en Oz de la casa en la que viaja Doroty, arrancada por el huracán, mata instantáneamente a la malvada Bruja del Este. La bruja simbolizaría Wall Street, el poder financiero de los banqueros republicanos, defensores del patrón oro. Nueva York, además, se sitúa al este de EEUU. Probemos a contrastar el sonido anglosajón de Bruja del Este y Wall Street... ¿Pura casualidad? Lo dejo a tu elección.Pero sigamos. La difunta bruja tenía esclavizados a los adorables munchkins, los pequeños habitantes de esa tierra, a los que la acción del ciclón libera de la opresión de la malvada terrateniente.Entonces aparece la Bruja buena del Norte, que, siguiendo con nuestra alegoría, representa al votante de la parte norte del Medio-Oeste, sin fuerza para contrarrestar la supremacía del Este. La hechicera regala a Doroty los zapatos plateados de la bruja del Este, como agradecimiento por haber liberado a la población. Para guiarla en su vuelta a casa, le aconseja que acuda a la Ciudad Esmeralda para solicitar la ayuda del grande y poderoso Mago de Oz. Y como todos sabemos, le indica el camino. Dorothy comienza su viaje a través del famoso camino de baldosas amarillas, la mejor metáfora del patrón oro. Pronto se encuentra con tres nuevos amigos que se unen a ella y a su perro Totó. El espantapájaros sin cerebro representaría a los granjeros del Medio Oeste. El personaje, revestido de ingenuidad y aparente simpleza, despliega virtudes de rectitud y honestidad.El leñador de hojalata, sin corazón y dependiente del aceite para poder moverse libremente, encarna al obrero industrial, el proletario clásico, castigado por la depresión económica y visto como un aliado por los populistas. El tercer escudero de Dorothy es el León Cobarde, que funciona como álter ego del candidato demócrata Jennings Bryan, capaz de rugir pero no de ostentar ningún poder o influencia.La niña desengancha al espantapájaros de la vara, engrasa al hombre de hojalata y se gana la simpatía del león para convencerles a los tres de que la acompañen a solicitar el favor del Mago de Oz. Les promete que este magnífico benefactor también podrá concederles a ellos sus deseos: un cerebro, un corazón, el valor. El grupo populista liderado por Doroty llega a la Ciudad Esmeralda, la capital de Oz. En una analogía de Washington, en la refulgente Ciudad Esmeralda todos los habitantes ven el mundo a través de cristales verdes, tan verdes como el dólar estadounidense. El alcalde de aquella urbe es el famoso y todopoderoso Mago de Oz, que representa al candidato republicano William McKinley, rival de Jennings Bryan. El Mago se revela como un fraude, un ilusionista que ha jugado con la percepción de los habitantes de Oz pese a sus buenas intenciones. El Mago marca el fin del viaje de los personajes y les ayuda a encontrar aquello que anhelan en su propio interior. Esos tesoros de los que carecían ya se han forjado durante el largo camino de baldosas amarillas. ¿Y Doroty? ¿Cómo volverá a casa? La respuesta reside en la plata que reviste sus pies. La plata, símbolo del patrón bimetálico, es la única solución al problema económico de EEUU. Pese a la enfervorizada pasión en su defensa de la plata, incluido el famoso Discurso de la Cruz de Oro, Jennings Bryan perdió las elecciones de 1896 en favor del republicano McKinley. El patrón oro se mantuvo y, contra todo pronóstico, la inflación volvió. El descubrimiento de nuevas minas de oro en Australia, Sudáfrica y Alaska, y la invención del procedimiento del cianuro, que facilitó la extracción del metal, se tradujeron en un aumento de la producción áurea. El nuevo oro pudo respaldar una mayor oferta monetaria, que redundó en un incremento de precios: de 1896 a 1910 aumentaron un 35%.Pero esto no termina hasta resolver el misterio de los zapatos plateados del libro que todos creíamos rojos. En su adaptación al cine en 1939, de la mano de Victor Flemming y la Metro Goldwyn Mayer, el color se convirtió en una obsesión de la producción. Eran los tiempos eufóricos del Technicolor, un proceso que teñía la pantalla en tonos saturados y mágicos. No todos los colores destacaban igual. De hecho, el plateado se diluía hasta la insignificancia en medio de esta borrachera cromática. El cambio a los zapatos de rubíes que usa Judy Garland acabó formando parte del imaginario colectivo. Y así es cómo el color rojo acabó colándose en una historia de oro, plata y verde que nunca volverás a mirar con los mismos ojos.

Do you believe that you can win?  In this episode, John brings in Super Bowl champion Paul Kruger to discuss competition, being a high performer, and having the desire to win. They also talk about confidence being the ultimate superpower and how adversity requires you to adapt and learn.  Listen in! –––––––––––––––– Also, if you have a question that you think John should address on the show; click the link below and reach out on Instagram, or leave a comment where you see this message. As described in the episode, for 5 free days of training, visit Www.athleticafchallenge.com.  To connect with John on his social media channels, leave a rating and review or access his free giveaways, click this link! Connect with John Madsen.

The Boers are reeling and on the run. The British are on a roll to ... Bloemfontein. How costly will marching into Bloemfontein be? Notes: 1) Learn more about Russian support and undermining of the Boers war effort before the article goes behind a paywall: https://forgottenwarspodcast.com/blog/ 2) Grow yourself and support the show using this Master Class link: https://shareasale.com/r.cfm?b=797461&u=2673298&m=62509&urllink=&afftrack= 3) If you’d to play free poker with me online, contact me using this link: https://forgottenwarspodcast.com/contact/ 4) As of May 20, 2021, this show has been operating in the red for nearly a year. This is normal for many podcasts, BUT most podcasts don't last long. Help the show go on. Choose one of many ways to get more and support the show using this link: https://forgottenwarspodcast.com/donate/

General Buller & company are hoping this time ... and the next time will be different when they try to break the noose around Ladysmith's neck. Notes- 1) Buy a Forgotten Wars mask: https://forgottenwarspodcast.com/merch/ 2) Try Fiverr & help the show: https://track.fiverr.com/visit/?bta=231913&nci=9380 3) Learn more about typhoid fever: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/typhoid-fever/symptoms-causes/syc-20378661 4) Learn more about dysentery: https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/171193

Why the Boer generals were so bad, why Buller's situation was so bad, and what happened at Belmont & Graspan Notes: If you're wanting to see the sources used for this & all our episodes, and are wanting to see transcripts with pronunciation guides ... check out our Knowledge is Power Tier here: https://shareasale.com/r.cfm?b=797461&u=2673298&m=62509&urllink=&afftrack= Treat yourself to Master Class using this link: https://shareasale.com/r.cfm?b=797461&u=2673298&m=62509&urllink=&afftrack=

We're baaaaack!! And joining us this week on the pod is Coach E's good friend and former college teammate, Rahman Shavers. Together, they share stories that take you into what it’s like for them to be D1 collegiate athletes in "Gettin' To Know Coach E". They share how they met and classic stories from on and off the field (05:32).  Then, we move from the college field to the NFL field to discuss the all the free-agent  moves the Browns made so far in the new league year (34:31). Then, we debate whether the Browns will be able to get the Big 3 of the 2018 draft class (Baker Mayfield, Nick Chubb & Denzel Ward) signed to contract extensions this offseason ( 45:44). Then, it's time for NBA talk. We examine why the Brooklyn Nets are doing so well w/o Kevin Durant and  Assistant Coach B issues a public apology to Kyrie Irving (54:06). We, also, examine if the Lakers championship run is already over (1:00:38). Finally, our freestyle segment wraps up the pod where we express our thoughts on the movie,  "Judas & The Black Messiah," and whether it did enough to honor the legacy of Fred Hampton (1:09:40).As always, Coach E share his post-game word  on "Choosing Happiness"  to get us through our week. (51:30)Remember to subscribe, rate & review wherever you get your podcasts from. And for the latest on Coach E, follow him @BigEv216 on all social media platforms. 

This story centers on mistakes made around Ladysmith ... on Mournful Monday. Notes: Make sure to check out the article I mention about an "American-led" brigade of Irishmen before it is sealed behind a paywall. This link will take you to the blog section of Forgotten Wars: https://forgottenwarspodcast.com/blog/ It would also mean a lot if you'd support the show at patreon.com/forgottenwars The show can't go on without your support.

Another general will bite the dust... this time at Elandslaagte. Notes: 1) Check out our newly revamped website: forgottenwarspodcast.com 2) Get ready to hear another podcast's pilot episode next week

'n Kenner sê al hoe meer Suid-Afrikaners word slagoffers van identiteitsdiefstal. 'n Hofstryd oor die toelating van eerstejaar studente by UNISA. Die FAK is besig met 'n projek om lewensgroot 3D-afbeeldings van die Paul Kruger-beeldgroep te maak. Venezuela se olieproduksie het sedert Desember verlede jaar toegeneem.

Die landbou-, onderwys- en toerismesektore sê hulle sê oor die begroting. ‘n Kenner meen die benadering tot wiskunde- en wetenskaponderrig in Suid-Afrika moet drasties verander. Die DA sê die jongste renosterstroperystatistiek is skokkend. Ons praat oor die ringnekpapegaai, 'n gunsteling troeteldier wat nou inheemse voëlspesies in Suid-Afrika bedreig. Die FAK het 'n interessante projek op kerkplein in Pretoria bekendgestel. Dit is deel van 'n poging om die standbeeld van Paul Kruger te beskerm.

Was Milner most responsible for starting the Second Boer War aka the South African War ... OR were others just as responsible? This episode and the previous episode attempt to give you background to help you work to come to your own conclusion. As a newcomer and an American, I can honestly tell you that I'm not trying to sway you one way or the other. But my podcast episodes are only a start. If you'd like access to all the sources I consulted for these episodes, consider supporting the show below. 1) Get more from the show and help it grow by visiting our Patreon page at patreon.com/forgottenwars 2) If you have show questions or guest suggestions, email us at forgottenwarspodcast@gmail.com

It's an ongoing debate among this coming war's historians and enthusiasts: Was Milner most responsible for starting the Second Boer War aka the South African War ... OR were others just as responsible? This episode and the next attempt to give you background to help you work to come to your own conclusion. As a newcomer and an American, I can honestly tell you that I'm not trying to sway you one way or the other. But my podcast episodes are only a start. If you'd like access to all the sources I consulted for these episodes, consider supporting the show below. 1) Get more from the show and help it grow by visiting our Patreon page at patreon.com/forgottenwars 2) If you have show questions or guest suggestions, email us at forgottenwarspodcast@gmail.com

The Raid helps Kruger. But will Kruger set the Transvaal up for its destruction? Would love it if you would help keep the show going by rating and sharing the podcast!

Events that some call the first shots of the Second Boer War. Cecil Rhodes's previous episode: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/forgotten-wars/id1535351938?i=1000494291050 Would love it if you would help keep the show going by rating and sharing the podcast!

All about the President Kruger, the star of our next few episodes

As the British and Boers negotiate peace, events start to unfold that risk losing the peace. 1) Want more from the show, consider supporting us at patreon.com/forgottenwars 2) Any questions or constructive feedback for me, shoot an email to forgottenwarspodcast@gmail.com

The origins story of a late bloomer turned state attorney turned warrior turned world leader. If you'd like to help keep the show going: 1) Visit our Patreon page at patreon.com/forgottenwars 2) take just 2 minutes to give us a 5-star rating & write a review on Apple Podcasts

All about what ended the First Boer War and became a rallying cry for the Second Boer War. Episode Notes: 1 of 3) If you haven't yet, would you take just 2 minutes to give us a 5-star rating, write a review (if your podcast app allows), AND hit the Subscribe/Follow/Like button on your podcast app? Subscribing/Following/Liking will do 3 things for you: A) You will be notified each week (typically) when a new episode drops B) For you to pick up where you left off in the show without having to "find your place" again and again C) New episodes will be pre-downloaded for you, depending on the podcast app settings you choose. 2 of 3) Help keep the show going AND enjoy the show on a whole other level. Visit our Patreon page at patreon.com/forgottenwars 3 of 3) If you'd like to stay posted about contests and historical blogs for fans of the show, Like our Facebook page at the following link https://www.facebook.com/forgottenwarspodcast Fans win Amazon gift cards, books this show was built on, and more by competing. They also get to see some of the first, brief written work of mine.

Paul Krueger is an Award-Winning Film Director living in Los Angeles, California. Paul has been creating and producing films and digital content for over 10 years and is currently directing, producing, and editing the series “Man of Action”. He talks about his journey from film making as a teenager to real estate to finding his way back to filmmaking.    He talks about his switch from partying into taking his career seriously. He sat down and started reading and listening to everything he could to find success. By listening to people who were successful, he was able to absorb their knowledge and put that towards his own path. He learned that the more skills he is able to do on his own, the more he is able to have control and responsibility for a project.

Jeff Hem catches up with Texas Rangers director of minor league operations Paul Kruger, who the Rangers' Globe Life Field hosting the World Series, the impact and aftermath from the cancelled minor league season, the bright days ahead for the Rangers on the field, and some insight to his busy role with the organization, including how long it's been since his phone was completely turned off.

Although he was born Stefanus, nobody ever called him that. Paul Kruger went from pioneer, hunter and farmer to being the loneliest old man in Switzerland, dying on the banks of Lake Geneva. The part in between was remarkable.  Taylor Blinds & Shutters

1 of 2) If you've appreciated Forgotten Wars and want to help the show continue, would you take just 2 minutes to give us a 5-star rating AND hitting the Subscribe button on your podcast app. Subscribing will do 3 things for you: A) You will be notified each week (typically) when a new episode drops B) For you to pick up where you left off in the show without having to "find your place" again and again C) New episodes will be pre-downloaded for you, depending on the podcast app settings you choose.2 of 2) If you'd like to stay posted about contests and historical blogs for fans of the show, Like our  Facebook page at the following link https://www.facebook.com/forgottenwarspodcast     Fans win Amazon gift cards, books this show was built on, and more by competing. They also get to see some of the first, brief written work of mine.

It is a pleasure to welcome actor Lucas Hyde to The Jake’s Take with Jacob Elyachar Podcast. Born and raised in Cadiz, Kentucky, Lucas is a former world champion archer and competitive bodybuilder. Before he arrived in the acting world and studying at Los Angeles’ Berg Studios, he was also an Environmental Health and Safety Engineer for Gulfstream Aerospace.He also starred in two TV series, including Mark of a Killer, where he played Robert Hansen for two episodes. Lucas Hyde also portrayed James Cravens in the Wild West Chronicles that also stars Jack Elliott, Chris Cleveland, and Josh Gilmer. Recently, he headlined the first season of Jake’s Take friend Paul Kruger’s web series: Man of Action. In this edition of The Jake’s Take with Jacob Elyachar Podcast, Lucas Hyde opened up about being in China when the coronavirus pandemic began and previewed his role in the Man of Action web series.

Sabemos que la espera hasta el próximo MP3 se puede hacer larga, así que hemos decidido hacer estos audios para que la espera se haga mas amena. Hoy en Enigmas Breves hablamos un poco (muy poco) de El Tesoro de Paul Kruger.

Kosmos 94.1 — Professor Andre Duvenhage, ‘n Politieke Ontleder in Suid-Afrika het gereageer of die skade wat aangerig is aan die standbeeld van Paul Kruger in Pretoria toe die wêreldwye verset-optogte teen rassisme na die Tshwane-metro versprei het.

It’s a fortune in gold coins supposedly stolen by South Africa’s last President of the Transvaal Republic, Paul Kruger. Since it’s disappearance in 1900, treasure hunters from all over the world have searched for the missing gold. But no one has successfully located the rumored cache, worth over 200 million dollars today.

Inspirational - Man. Intrenched love for Conservation. This podcast like the others could have carried on for ages. His defender's name in memory of his Grand mother who's a dependent of Paul Kruger who's name in intrenched in the history of South Africa. check all his social media handle and sites for incredible pictures and support of projects they're trying to drive from thousands of miles away. You're a blessed soul Zander Instagram https://projectconservation.org http://zandrover.com/about https://gonewildshow.com Blessing from Cape Town Anton Poplett Instagram - instagram.com/4x4outfar/ Website - www.4x4outfar.com Youtube - youtube.com/c/AntonPoplett --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/4x4outfar/message

There are a few more skirmishes and one more big battle after this period with its frustrations for the British and determination by the Boer die-hards or Bitter einders to continue their war against an empire at its zenith. We will hear about General Christiaan de Wet and Lord Kitchener who are closer physically than at virtually any other time in the war. Kitchener arrived in the Transvaal town of Klerksdorp on the 26th March, de Wet has evaded Kitchener's columns and blockhouses in the the Free State and is about to cross over the Vaal River to join General Koos de la Rey. More about that in a while. What these soldiers don't know is that there have been peace moves afoot internationally for some time. The Dutch Prime Minister, Abraham Kuyper, had sent a coded message to Lord Landsdowne, the British Foreign Secretary, on January 21st 1902. As was the case in those days, the language used was French - the language of diplomacy. And in his forthright way, The Hague was offering “en traite de paix” – a peace treaty between the British and Boers. The Dutch went one step further. They had already worked out a scenario. First the three members of the Boer Delegation which we heard about last year were still in the Netherlands. They would return to South Africa to confer with Boer leaders then return with an authorisation to conduct peace talks somewhere in the Netherlands. On the 29th January, Lord Landsdowne replied bluntly that the British government appreciated the humanitarian considerations that inspired the offer, but on principle declined the intervention of foreign powers in the South African war. Leyds, who was Paul Kruger's secretary in Holland, heard about Kuypers offer through the newspapers and was not amused. Why had the Dutch Prime Minister not bothered to confer with him or Kruger? What also angered the Boer emissaries in Europe was the tone adopted by the Netherlands missive. The letter which failed to call on the British to end an imperialist war nor did it mention the abuses being suffered by Boer women and children in the internment camps. The Dutch message implicitly urged the Boers to give up a hopeless cause. Worse, that response came at about the same time another arrived from America which was negative. President Roosevelt told the Boers that his predecessor, McKinley, had offered his services as a mediator and had been turned down flatly by the British. So Roosevelt said any attempt at intervention would be folly.

'n Padlangs Noordwes EpisodeWat het gebeur?Geheime organisasies bestaan al etlike jare in Suid-Afrika. Hierdie organisasies ontmoet gedurende spesifieke geleenthede wat gewoonlik in die geheim gehou word deur lede wat nie hul verbintenis met so 'n organisasie vrylik bekend wil maak nie. Daar is wel verskillende kategorieë waarin sulke eksklusiewe organiasies ingedeel kan word. Hierdie organisasies kan geheimsinnig wees, met spesifieke rituele, simbole en binnekringkennis, maar die organisasie self of ander belangstellende individue (lede of nie-lede) sal inligting aan die publiek beskikbaar maak indien nodig.Die ander moontlikheid is 'n organisasie wat streef om onbekend te bly en wat geen inligting oor sy bedrywighede of ledetal aan enige persoon bekend sal maak nie. Dit is in die ware sin van die woord 'n geheime organisasie.Spesifieke lede van die algemene publiek glo gewoonlik dat organisasies van beide kategorieë ʼn soort mag of selfs invloed in die verskillende regerings van die wêreld het. In sommige gevalle mag dit wel so wees. Wat tog interessant is, is dat daar monumente is wat betrekking het op die verskillende geheime organisasies wat in Suid-Afrika ʼn rol gespeel het, of steeds vandag 'n rol speel. Kan jy dalk een in jou tuisdorp vind?Een van die organisasies met geheime wat al driehonderd jaar bestaan (circa. 1717-2017), en eeue lank in Suid-Afrika bedrywig is, staan bekend as die Vrymesselary. In sy spekulatiewe formaat het hierdie broederskap (omdat net mans mag aansluit) stelselmatig oor die land versprei met die stigting van losies (die ontmoetingsplekke van Vrymesselaars). Deur die tentoonstel van verskillende simbole op die fasade van hul losies, kan enige lid en die ingeligte lede van die publiek presies bepaal waar die plaaslike losie sy maandelikse ontmoetings hou. Die hoofstad van Noordwes, Mahikeng, het ook so 'n losie wat reeds in 1895 gestig is. Dit is nou die oudste staande gebou in die stad. Dit was ook eens gebruik as 'n krygsgevangenekamp waar Boerekrygsgevangenes aangehou is wat gedurende die Beleg van Mafikeng (1899-1900) deur die Britse magte gevang is. Een van die Boerekrygsgevangenes was 'n ene luitenant Sarel Eloff, kleinseun van president Paul Kruger.Padlangs gevindIn Tillardstraat, in die historiese gedeelte van Mahikeng, staan die dorp se eie Vrymesselaarslosie skuins oorkant die ou stadsaal wat nou die plaaslike museum is. Wit geverf met pikswart staalheinings by die straatkant, kan die geboutjie maklik uitgeken word, al is daar maar net ʼn onduidelike padteken langs die straat. Dit lyk eintlik soos ʼn gewone dorpshuis op ʼn erf - so lank dat dit die hele erf beslaan. Dit word nou deur woonstelblokke omring en ook die plaaslike kantoor en die Mormoonse kerk.Behalwe vir 'n klein geroeste bordjie teen die gebou, sal geen besoeker of verbyganger ooit vermoed dat die losie eens deel van die Britse krygsgevangenekampe gedurende die Anglo-Boereoorlog was nie. Dat een van die kleinseuns van president Paul Kruger in die einste gebou moes bly totdat hy na Kaapstad weggestuur kon word om na St. Helena vervoer te word, is 'n onbekende feit vir elke siel wat daagliks verby die witgeverfde geboutjie ry of loop. Net die geheime simbool (of is daar dalk verskillende simbole wat net lede kan uitken?) word openlik vertoon.Die geheimsinnigheid van die Vrymesselaarslosie in Mahikeng strek dus nie net tot die geheime van 'n "organisasie met geheime" nie. Daar is heelwat meer om uit te vind as net die gewone samesweringsteorieë oor wat agter geslote deure mag, of dalk nie, gebeur. See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

Ein Herz für Menschen hatte Paul Kruger nicht unbedingt. Jedenfalls waren seine Ansichten als Politiker des Apartheidregimes gnadenlos nationalistisch. Für Tiere konnte sich der deutschstämmige Kruger schon eher erwärmen. Er gründetet eines der bis heute bedeutendsten Tierreservate.

Vol 210, Issue 11: 17 June 2019. Dr Paul Kruger is a haematologist at Fiona Stanley Hospital, and PathWest Laboratory Medicine in Perth. He discusses the diagnosis and management of deep vein thrombosis. With MJA news and online editor, Cate Swannell.

IT's June 1901 and there's trouble brewing like a north sea storm around the British Isles. The main force behind this political hurricane is a diminutive but loud woman called Emily Hobhouse. While the suffragette movement is in its infancy, there's nothing about Hobhouse that is a wallflower. In fact, you could say that it was precisely because of courageous women like her that the entire suffragette movement gained momentum. Still, much of what was to happen in that social and political project emerged after the First World War, when women who'd been building artillery pieces and loading ammunition into crates suddenly were told that they needed to go home and put on curlers and become housewives again. After the freedom they'd experienced, and earning their own living, that was always going to be a tough sell as the soldiers marched back from the Western Front. But here we are, 13 years before the First World War, and tracking that truly fascinating person called Emily Hobhouse. Sir Alfred Milner, the Cape governor, referred to her as that screamer - always complaining. Milner ironically was on board the same ship that took Emily Hobhouse from Cape Town to Portsmouth in England - although the two gave each other a wide berth if you excuse the pun. So on the 8th May the Saxon set sail from Cape Town. As with the habit of those on these long journeys, Hobhouse sought out Milner in private but he avoided talking to her. Only after the Saxon had passed Madeira in Spain did an opportunity present itself. In the course of their conversation she found out whey Milner had been unwilling to meet her. In the preceding months he had received more than 60 reports all containing personal allegations against her. She was accused by the camp commanders of inciting unrest and playing politics. That was because Hobhouse was determined and had facts at her fingertips. So what better way to deflect her truths than accuse her of malicious political intent? I'm afraid this technique of dealing with uppity women continues to this day - and often ends in failure as it did in this case too. in Holland, President Paul Kruger was mulling over a coded letter sent by Jan Smuts and Louis Botha. Remember last week I explained how Botha and Smuts had begun to question Boer tactics and Smuts in particular was growing more certain that this war could not continue. He was aware of the reports of the death of women and children in concentration camps, and his men had run out of just about everything. Even their will to fight. Kruger had installed himself in the Hotel des Pays-Bas in Utrecht in January 1901, but by June he'd moved to a guest house called Casa Cara in Hilversum. That's where he and his secretary Leyds met to discuss Smuts' letter.

Its the end of May and the guerrilla war has turned nasty as the coldest winter of living memory has started - bringing gusts of freezing wind which whipped through the Concentration Camps with their exposed bell tents a threadbare protection for the women and children. Also chilled to the bone was Deneys Reitz and his four German comrades who were riding south from the western Transvaal, heading for the Vaal River. Their plan was to cross in the Free State, then continue the four hundred kilometres further southwards in order to invade the Cape Colony. As we heard last week, the entire plan had a Quixotic flavour with Reitz the canny veld-wise Boer and his friends - two students, a businessman and a farm hand. It was the farm hand , Heinrich Wiese who had the first major problem. After the little group had bungled an attempt at capturing a spy the previous day, they set off before first light towards the Vaal River. The country-side was alive with British troops moving about on one of their drives ordered by commander in chief Lord Kitchener. They were burning farms and rolling up the Boer citizens forcing them into the internment camps. General Louis Botha, in command of the Boers in the Transvaal, was growing more concerned by the misery these people were suffering. His own private view now was that the Boers could not win, but he would carry on fighting based on his honour code. But he reached out to Lord Kitchener as we heard in podcast 86, asking for permission to send emissaries to Paul Kruger in Holland. Kitchener was also keen on ending the guerrilla war as fast as possible. The costs continue to rise, he now had almost a quarter of a million men in South Africa and the war that was supposed to last one to three months had now stretched to nineteen. While Free State President Steyn had sent a withering reply to Botha and Jan Smuts suggestion that a cease fire be negotiated, the Transvaal leadership stubbornly persisted in their plan and if an emissary was not permitted, they'd send messages.

This week we spend some time with Johanna van Warmelo and Deneys Reitz, the former who starts a new position as a nurse in a Concentration Camp at Irene outside Pretoria, and the the latter who has just convinced his German fellow travellers that an invasion into the Cape is feasible. Its mid-May 1901. President Steyn of the Free State and his Transvaal colleagues have had a disagreement about the possibility of a cease fire, but that has not stopped General Louis Botha who is in the Eastern Transvaal sending a note to British Army commander Lord Kitchener asking for permission to send an emissary to the Netherlands. Botha want's to ask President Paul Kruger's permission to embark on peace talks as he's growing more certain that the Boers can't defeat the British in South Africa. The Free State leadership are more intransigent and prefer to fight to the death, led by their fiery leader General Christiaan de Wet. The stage is set for more confrontations between the supposed allies, but as they grind their teeth, in Pretoria Johanna van Warmelo is now determined to assist her Boer sisters and their children who are squeezed into the nearby Concentration Camp. They are beginning to die in large numbers and with the temperature dropping, its bodes ill for the coming winter. Remember in Episode 83 I explained how Johanna and her mother were working as secret agents for the Boers from their strategic base at SunnySide farm on the outskirts of Pretoria. The British did not believe they were involved in spying, but that's exactly what they were doing. We also heard how Johanna was keeping three separate diaries - one her open diary, the second her secret love diary, and the third her top secret war diary. Historian Jackie Grobler published a book in 2007 called "The war Diary of Johanna Brandt" which combined all three. She was still a van Warmelo during the war, and in May 1901 arrived at Irene Concentration Camp having volunteered as a nurse. Her initial job was to walk around the huge camp looking for sick Boer women and children and then bring these to the attention of the camp doctor. There were six Boer nurses in a camp of 5000 and by early May 3 people were dying a day. Far to the West, somewhere in the vicinity of Harts River, Deneys Reitz and his four German friends were holed up having been left behind by the Commando under the leadership of Mayer. General Koos de la Rey had ordered that the Boers return to their homes for the meantime as the cold weather drew in and the movement around the veld became more difficult. But Reitz was so isolated along with his colleagues that he had decided to take matters into his own hands. Remember last week I explained how Reitz had convinced his fellow travellers that instead of heading back to the north, they should try to enter the Cape Colony. “After I had explained my views…” he writes in his book Commando “…and had pictured the Cape to them as a land of beer for the taking at every wayside inn, they became eager converts, and we agreed to start without delay…”

We've reached May 1901 and surprisingly, General Louis Botha is trying to reach out to Lord Kitchener who is the British Army commander of the over 240 000 troops in South Africa. Botha wants special permission to send emissaries to Paul Kruger in the Netherlands to ask if a ceasefire could be arranged. But that only happened after Botha and Jan Smuts had collected as much information about the Boers position - and it was a depressing account. They were running out of weapons, ammunition, food, clothing, horses, money, everything as Historian Martin Bossenbroek writes. Could supplies be sent from Europe, through German South West Africa perhaps? Between the two countries was a significant desert, but was traversable - still this was indicative of just how desperate the Boer leadership was. While Generals Koos de la Rey and Christiaan de Wet and the other unconventional leaders were foraying back and forth, the echelon of senior leaders was growing more aware of an unsustainable situation. In the southeastern Transvaal reports emerged of British using Zulu warriors to loot cattle from Boers. There's an allegation made that British officer Colonel Bottomley sent a letter to King Dinizulu suggesting he send his men into the region to grab cattle and around 6 000 warriors crossed to border between Natal and the Transvaal in May 1901. Meanwhile, far to the north west on the Transvaal border with Bechuanaland - modern day Botswana, Deneys Reitz and a small commando under the leadership of Commandant Jan Kemp were under orders to attack the railway line which was being used to ferry supplies into the Mafikeng. General de la Rey had divided his force into two parties, and took one of these south where he began to engage with British columns. Commandant Jan Kemp led his group westwards, and for two days in mid-May they rode through barren country until they reached a point on the Harts River. British troops could be seen along the River, watching for any Boer movement so they decided to make the crossing at night. Reitz was part of a German scouting unit led by the Johannesburg businessman called Mayer that was sent ahead of the main body, riding through the Cunana Native Reserve all night until four the next morning when they crossed the British border.

Der Kruger-Nationalpark ist heute eines der größten Schutzgebiete Afrikas, berühmt für seine Elefanten, Nashörner, Löwen, Büffel und Leoparden.

Ein Herz für Menschen hatte Paul Kruger nicht unbedingt. Jedenfalls waren seine Ansichten als Politiker des Apartheidregimes gnadenlos nationalistisch. Für Tiere konnte sich der deutschstämmige Kruger schon eher erwärmen.

We're going to ride with the French Colonel or "Die Franse Kolonel", Georges Villebois-Mareuil as he heads into the Free State with the International Legion. This episode is slightly longer than usual because the details of this Frenchman are so intriguing. We will also be introduced to some of the International soldiers who fought for the Boers, including artist Vincent Van Gogh's brother, Cor. He's already been living in the Transvaal building locomotives for the President Paul Kruger's government, and when war breaks out, naturally he signed up to fight for the Boers. The French Colonel Villebois-Mareuil, a man steeped in family military tradition, had arrived in South Africa soon after the war began in October 1899 and had travelled to Ladysmith in November. He was present at the battle of Colenso, and by January 1900 was well known to the Boer soldiers as he began to advise General Piet Joubert. This was a sensitive matter as Joubert brooked no interference, but at one point the Frenchman had suggested an attack on two British outposts that were critical for the defence of the besieged town. These were observation points known as Caesars Camp and Waggon Hill and they required attacking at night. On 2nd January General Joubert held a war council at his hooflaer or HQ above Ladysmith and it was finally decided to launch an attack on the town, preceded by the taking of Caesars Camp and Waggon Hill. On 5th January the Boers began to move - little knowing that fate was against them. One of the better organised British commanders, Colonel Hamilton, was in command at Caesars Camp and Waggon hill. Also, Sir George White, the Ladysmith commander, had issued orders for the various guns there to be moved out on to the plateau - dealing the Boers a blow before the battle started because the hustle and bustle of artillery moving around meant the British were very wide awake.

Padlangs - MpumalangaSoos wat 'n mens op die N4-hoofweg oos ry, is dit onmoontlik om die monument net buite Belfast te sien. Dit is die Berg-en-Dal-monument waar die laaste konvensionele slag van die Anglo-Boereoorlog (1899-1902) plaasgevind het. Eensgesind bespreek die storie agter hierdie monument in hierdie episode van Padlangs.Van 21 tot die 27 Augustus 1900 het die Boerekommando’s onder generaal Louis Botha hul verdedigingsposisies gekies om die magtige Britse Ryk vir die laaste keer in ʼn konvensionele geveg uit te daag. Digby die dorpie Belfast moes generaal Botha president Paul Kruger beskerm wat by Waterval-Onder geskuil het. Indien Botha en sy kommando’s deur die Britse magte oorweldig word, sou Kruger nie genoeg tyd hê om weg te kom nie. Indien generaal Botha die Britse magte by Berg-en-Dal kon stuit, sou dit dalk moontlik wees om die Britse magte te herinner dat hulle onwelkom is, dat hulle moet padgee en die Boererepubliek van Transvaal erken as ʼn onafhanklike staat. Alles was op die spel.Die uiteinde? Luister na Emile en Johan se gesprek oor hierdie slag wat nie juis so bekend is soos ander gevegte by Colenso, Magersfontein of Spioenkop nie. Berg-en-Dal was die Boererepubliek se Thermopylae en die Britse magte was die Persiese mag wat die kans gehad het om elke Boerekommando op die slagveld te vernietig. Die ZARPS, die voormalige ZAR se polisiemag, is hier uitgeroei en daarom is dit nie verbasend dat hulle in die monument, wat deur die Suid-Afrikaanse Oorlogsgraftekommissie in die 1970's opgerig is, herbegrawe is nie. Hierdie monument is nie net ʼn slagveldmonument nie maar ook een van Suid-Afrika se polisiemonumente. Dit is wel nie die enigste een op die slagveld nie. See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

The Anglo-Boer war, embarked upon by both sides with confidence, was now to be maintained by faith and we shall see how that faith was expressed, and by whom .. and what became of it. One of these men of faith was Transvaal President, Oom Paul Kruger. Although well into his 70s by this time, he found the energy to climb aboard a rattling Boer train and to travel to both war fronts - in Natal and in the Free State. When he arrived in Natal he found the Boers in full flight. Buller had successfully relieved Ladysmith and the burghers wanted to leave for home. Kruger found General Joubert sick with illness and defeat and tried to stop what had turned into a stampede. He entreated and exhorted, and promised that he would suggest arbitration to end the war as long as the men stood firm. Many had decided that it was huis toe or time to go home and had retreated as far north as Newcastle from Ladysmith before they were persuaded to return to fight. But when Kruger travelled to the front in the Orange Free State at Poplar Grove, Lord Roberts who led the British force had ordered an attack on the Grove on the same day Kruger arrived - March 7th 1900. Would Kruger escape?

We welcome back Jose Macall to help us talk about the very unattractive Paul Kruger! Zach goes hard on some hats, Jose reads from his alternative medicine blog, and Brian practices the subtle art of product placement. You can support the show over at https://patreon.com/therevisionists and buy your vote! *Because of a late recording time, this episode features less editing than usual.

World Racing Group CEO Brian Carter is in studio to tell the story of how WRG came to be. It's the early 2000's and Paul Kruger buys the series from Ted Johnson. From there, things got interesting. Hear it all this week on Open Red, the Official Podcast of the World of Outlaws!

It's been a slow week on the podcast, but it just got a lot better. I reached out to Will Burge of WTAM and he made some time for us to talk about Cleveland sports. We discussed public financing of stadiums, the Cleveland Browns and even the Cleveland Browns' quarterback quandary.  We're on Patreon and you can support us! Subscribe: iTunes - Stitcher - Google Play Will Burge from WTAM NFL hypocrisy in how it's covered Being a left-leaning guy on a right-leaning station Public financing of stadiums One-sided relationship between sports franchises and governments Cleveland leading or following on the conversation with public funding of stadiums The Browns leaving Cleveland being leverage for all sports teams Are fans just jealous of owners' profits and wealth? What kind of civic leader will Jimmy Haslam be in the long run? Can the Browns continue to rebuild how they want with how bad they are? The idea was right, but the execution was questionable How much difference is there between going winless and winning one game? The cutting of Paul Kruger on August 29 Not re-signing Mitchell Schwartz RG3 vs. Cody Kessler Hue Jackson wants a victory so he's going to play RG3 Mitch Trubisky in the draft Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Nick discusses what the Kruger signing means for the defense. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Free Agent Paul Kruger is expected to visit Kansas City if he does not sign in New Orleans. Justin Houston went onto the PUP list. Josh Mauga went to IR. The offense is solidifying and we look at where its at. #Chiefs #ChiefsKingdom #NFL Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Compten que el petit Paul Kruger va matar el seu primer lle

Compten que el petit Paul Kruger va matar el seu primer lle

The destruction of heritage monuments such as the Cecil John Rhodes statue at the University of Cape Town and the Paul Kruger statue in Pretoria has sparked widespread debates in the country about their relevance. Various political parties have expressed their views. While others feel that the monuments reminder of the apartheid era, other feel that that they are part of our history and cannot be done away with. Sakina Kamwendo spoke to Democratic Alliance's spokesperson Phumzile van Damme, ANC National Spokesperson Zizi Kodwa as well as EFF Spokesperson Mbuyiseni Ndlozi.....