Podcasts about haeckel

Our main feature is Wolf Man. We're also reviewing I Saw the TV Glow, Devon, It's What's Inside, Incantation, Haeckel's Tale, Kingdom of the Spiders, The Day of the Door by Laurel Hightower, and Hellmouth by Giles Kristian.

O Problema do Ser e do Destino, Denis X Haeckel - PLDOAE#23 Bruno Tavares e Charles Kempf

It's an undead orgy on this fun yet frivolous episode which sees John McNaughton fill in for George Romero in the director's chair. The penultimate episode of Season 1 finds 'Masters of Horror' looking more like “Goosebumps for adults” than ever. Its title character finds himself confronting horrible truths about the ways love and lust can endure after death.  Bennett and Jim wonder what the Haeckel estate must think of this strange tale, ask which periods Jon Polito could realistically live in, and discuss McNaughton's classic 'Wild Things.' Created by Mick Garris, Masters of Horror was a two-season series on Showtime that challenged genre legends to create an hour-long horror film. Follow along as Bennett and Jim are forced to spend no more than 20 minutes discussing each episode from the first season of the series or face a room full of poisonous gas.

*More On Biology w/"Prof" Dave: finally this week  Fred Williams and Doug McBurney offer RSR's "definitive" refutation of David James YouTube series allegedly debunking biblical creation.   *Holey Jeans: actually genes... and assumptions David James makes about their contributions to the origins of enzymes, including gene duplication and other evidence "thought to be" in support of evolutionary biology. Sal Cordova dropped the big hammer on such nonsense last May right here on RSR!    *Mutation as Design: Fred critiques the rank stupidity of asserting that genetic mutations produce lots of complex functions and that this can appear as design to the "unprepared" mind, (meaning the mind unprepared by evolutionary propaganda). Even David James' hell bound, fellow traveling, evolutionist fellows at the NIH and Nature know that gene mutations are overwhelmingly harmful!   *RNA from Nothing: Well, not exactly nothing, but David James' assertion that random DNA mutations are an ample source of functional RNA and peptides is equally absurd, and has been refuted by (among others) Rob Carter at Creation Ministries International.   *Haekel, Hox & a Million Bucks: When David "Professor Dave" James Farina condescends to defend, (and even show) Haeckel's hoax slides RSR declares an end to his career. And it's sad that it ended before he could earn the million dollars he bets against creation.      *Body Check: Find out the truth behind more of Professor Dave's "body" of claims at our Professor Dave FACT CHECK page!

TELETHON MONTH: We've got an exciting new announcement! With October being our telethon month, we're looking for 30 new sign-ups for Bob Enyart Subscriptions. These are the best of the best available only at ENYART.SHOP! Please do whatever you can to help us reach our telethon goal of 30 new sign-ups to keep the ministry alive and well!     *More On Biology w/"Prof" Dave: finally this week  Fred Williams and Doug McBurney offer RSR's "definitive" refutation of David James YouTube series allegedly debunking biblical creation.   *Holey Jeans: actually genes... and assumptions David James makes about their contributions to the origins of enzymes, including gene duplication and other evidence "thought to be" in support of evolutionary biology. Sal Cordova dropped the big hammer on such nonsense last May right here on RSR!    *Mutation as Design: Fred critiques the rank stupidity of asserting that genetic mutations produce lots of complex functions and that this can appear as design to the "unprepared" mind, (meaning the mind unprepared by evolutionary propaganda). Even David James' hell bound, fellow traveling, evolutionist fellows at the NIH and Nature know that gene mutations are overwhelmingly harmful!   *RNA from Nothing: Well, not exactly nothing, but David James' assertion that random DNA mutations are an ample source of functional RNA and peptides is equally absurd, and has been refuted by (among others) Rob Carter at Creation Ministries International.   *Haekel, Hox & a Million Bucks: When David "Professor Dave" James Farina condescends to defend, (and even show) Haeckel's hoax slides RSR declares an end to his career. And it's sad that it ended before he could earn the million dollars he bets against creation.      *Body Check: Find out the truth behind more of Professor Dave's "body" of claims at our Professor Dave FACT CHECK page!

The Kiwi has one of the most interesting taxonomic histories to date on this show. They have been classified and reclassified a total of 5 different times since their initial classification in 1813. Originally classified in the order Haeckel, the family Grey, and the Genus Shaw. It went through 3 genus re-classifications, being classified Pseudapteryx in 1891, Stictapteryx in 1926, and Kiwi in 1960. In 2013 it was discovered they were more closely related to the extinct elephant bird than the previously thought Moa bird. Thus the Kiwis was re-classified once again to the Order Apterygiformes, the Family Apterygidae, and the Genus Apteryx. Talk about an identity crisis! --- Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/beanstalk-frog-beans/support

Podría parecer que en este capítulo hablamos de nuevo del tema recurrente de los moneras pero, en realidad, hablamos de Haeckel y las controversias de su vida, entre ellas, los moneras. Que sí, que ya hemos hablado de él en el pasado, pero una actualización de vez en cuando no viene mal, y siempre hay anécdotas que quedan pendientes.Entre capítulo y capítulo de Bacteriófagos os podéis mantener al día en cgdoval.es donde también encontraréis diferentes formas de apoyar a esta podcaster.

Edit, we're bringing back this commentary classic from 2017 while we continue to finalize the book and Jose is moving. Our first commentary of 2017, Masters of Horror: Haeckel's Tale, written by Mick Garris, adapted from Clive Barker's short story. Show Notes http://www.clivebarker.info/haeckeltv.html http://www.clivebarker.info/haeckelbarker.html http://www.clivebarker.info/newsdarkdel.html Pictures/Stills: http://www.kino.de/film/masters-of-horror-1.12-haeckel-s-tale-2006/# https://www.revolvy.com/main/index.php?s=Ernst%20Haeckel&item_type=topic Script – Masters_of_Horror_1x12_-_Haeckel_s_Tale The Clive Barker Podcast (or @Barkercast) is an independent  editorial fan site and podcast that is not affiliated with or under contract by Clive Barker or Seraphim Films.  This is a labor of love by the fans, for the fans. web www.clivebarkercast.com iTunes (Leave a review!), Stitcher,Libsyn, Tunein, Pocket Casts, Google Play, DoubleTwist and YouTube Facebook and Join the Occupy Midian group Twitter: @BarkerCast | @OccupyMidian

Astrologer Andrea Michelle is back on the Living Tantra Podcast by popular demand. In this conversation we weave through the expression of Devotion as one of the faces of Shakti (below) and how it presents in the wisdom streams of the asteroid goddess (above). Devotion is a natural expression of and toward what we most deeply desire on a soul level. The more deeply we embody devotion, the more we live a life navigated from the love in our heart and the wisdom of our soul. In this compelling conversation we explore the experience and purpose of devotion in our inner experience and our archetypal reflections. This interview is information, profoundly transmissive, and a deeper invitation into your innate feminine (yes for men too) quality of devotion. Connect with Andrea:  With a deep connection to the cosmos and a unique approach to astrology, Andrea Michelle supports clients to live courageously from their Soul-steeped Self. She draws inspiration from her embodied connection to Greek mythology, eastern tantra, South American shamanism, and esoteric western wisdom streams. Andrea has a gift for illuminating your personal thread within the tapestry of collective human evolution. She's presented for the Sky Astrology Conference, the Cosmic Intelligence Agency, and was also a teacher for Astrology Hub's Inner Circle in 2022. Andrea Michelle is a featured astrologer on Astrology Hub's newly-launched flagship reading platform, Astrologer Connect.    Her new Human Rites podcast just launched in early June 2023. https://andreamichellehaeckel.com/human-rites-podcast/ Andrea has been leading Venus Circles for the last two Venus-Sun cycles. For the upcoming Venus in Leo cycle beginning August 13, 2023, she will hold smaller groups for women to journey together through 5 wisdom facets of feminine devotion: the asteroid/dwarf planets Vesta, Pallas Athena, Juno, Ceres, and Eris. Email info@andreamichellehaeckel.com for the recording of the Devotional Journeys Discovery Call and Q&A that took place on June 30th, 2023.   Five Initiations of Shakti Course  https://www.techoflove.com/product-page/five-initiations-of-shakti-activation  

Dans la chronique, je vous présente quelques artistes naturalistes oubliés. Elizabeth Gould, aquarelliste restée dans l'ombre de son fameux ornithologue de mari et les Blaschka, père et fils, qui ont enchanté les collections des muséums et des universités avec leurs créations en verre, d'un réalisme et d'une finesse indescriptibles. J'aurai ensuite la chance de recevoir Julien Perrot, créateur et ambassadeur de La salamandre, une revue naturaliste originaire de Suisse, qui fête cette année, ses 40 ans d'existence ! Bonne écoute ! Pour aller plus loin :Un article de vulgarisation avec des illustrations sur Elizabeth GouldLe livre (gratuit) "D'après nature, formes de Haeckel et modèle des Blaschka", édité par les musées de StrasbourgUne vidéo en anglais, du muséum d'histoire naturelle de Londres, qui montre des modèles des BlaschkaL'article de La salamandre sur les BlaschkaLe site internet de la SalamandreLa chaîne youtube de la Minute nature

Alan Turing is well-known for his work on the Enigma code in World War II, and his theoretical work underpinning computer science. But he is less well-known for his pioneering work on one of the great challenges of biology – how do complex living organisms develop from tiny collections of cells?This lecture will discuss Turing's ground-breaking work in this area, showing how patterns like a leopard's spots or a zebra's stripes can occur in nature.A lecture by Sarah Hart recorded on 6 June 2023 at David Game College, London.The transcript and downloadable versions of the lecture are available from the Gresham College website: https://www.gresham.ac.uk/watch-now/turing-biologyGresham College has offered free public lectures for over 400 years, thanks to the generosity of our supporters. There are currently over 2,500 lectures free to access. We believe that everyone should have the opportunity to learn from some of the greatest minds. To support Gresham's mission, please consider making a donation: https://gresham.ac.uk/support/Website:  https://gresham.ac.ukTwitter:  https://twitter.com/greshamcollegeFacebook: https://facebook.com/greshamcollegeInstagram: https://instagram.com/greshamcollegeSupport the show

In questa puntata Roberto e Filippo assieme a Lucio Bragagnolo parlano di Intelligenza Artificiale o quello che viene passato per essere e del futuro dell'assistente vocale di Apple. Note dell'episodio L'elefante nella stanza: Chat GPT Che cos'è? Un motore semantico Una versione agli steroidi del correttore automatico Che riesce a tener traccia delle sue precedenti interazioni È poliglotta: Può parlare e capire più lingue Come funziona sotto la scocca? Sistema statistico Calcola la probabilità che una parola abbia senso vicino ad un'altra Per avere un modello statistico Versione avanzata del correttore automatico di iOS Pensiero umano Conosce attraverso i 5 sensi Informazioni filtrate attraverso Attenzione: Riceviamo ogni secondo un'infinità di informazioni Solo una minima parte arriva alla mente cosciente Quella razionale Percorso di rafforzamento Più un certo collegamento sinaptico viene usato Più la risposta è veloce Più è fissato nella memoria Pensiero della macchina (attualmente) “Conosce” in base ad un mare di informazioni Informazioni che non vengono però filtrate O se vengono Controllo minimo Perché costa tempo e denaro Link utili / interessanti Ehi siri fammi parlare con ChatGPT (https://apple.quora.com/Ehi-Siri-fammi-parlare-con-ChatGPT) Versione originale in inglese (https://github.com/Yue-Yang/ChatGPT-Siri) Letture Riassumere video con ChatGPT (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RYZo9pi1Yzo) Stephen Wolfram Risponde Alle Domande In Diretta Su ChatGPT (https://youtu.be/zLnhg9kir3Q) Come viene addestrato ChatGPT (https://youtu.be/VPRSBzXzavo) Ma come Funziona Effettivamente ChatGPT? (https://youtu.be/aQguO9IeQWE) Il problema più grande con l'IA! (https://youtu.be/7emz4zZ226E) Ho provato a usare l'intelligenza artificiale. Mi ha spaventato. (https://youtu.be/jPhJbKBuNnA) Schemi ed analogie (https://macintelligence.org/posts/2023-03-23-schemi-e-analogie/) Machine learning ricerche ad Apple (https://machinelearning.apple.com/) ML di Apple Live Text CoreML Live Captions o sottotitoli live Idee di Bill Gates (https://www.gatesnotes.com/The-Age-of-AI-Has-Begun) Espunti interessanti estratti dall'articolo e tradotti (con il traduttore di Apple): Alla fine il tuo modo principale di controllare un computer non sarà più puntare e fare clic o toccare menu e finestre di dialogo. Invece, sarai in grado di scrivere una richiesta in inglese semplice. (E non solo l'inglese: le AI capiranno le lingue di tutto il mondo. In India all'inizio di quest'anno, ho incontrato sviluppatori che stanno lavorando su IA che capiranno molte delle lingue parlate lì.) Inoltre, i progressi nell'IA consentiranno la creazione di un agente personale. Pensalo come un assistente personale digitale: vedrà le tue ultime e-mail, saprà delle riunioni a cui partecipi, leggerà ciò che leggi e leggerà le cose di cui non vuoi preoccuparti. Questo migliorerà il tuo lavoro sui compiti che vuoi fare e ti libererà da quelli che non vuoi fare. Problemi con IA Quando chiedi a un'IA di inventare qualcosa di fittizio, può farlo bene. Ma quando chiedi consigli su un viaggio che vuoi fare, potrebbe suggerire hotel che non esistono. Questo perché l'IA non capisce abbastanza bene il contesto della tua richiesta da sapere se dovrebbe inventare hotel falsi o parlarti solo di quelli reali che hanno camere disponibili. Le IA superintelligenti sono nel nostro futuro. Rispetto a un computer, il nostro cervello opera a ritmo di lumaca: un segnale elettrico nel cervello si muove a 1/100.000 la velocità del segnale in un chip di silicio! Una volta che gli sviluppatori possono generalizzare un algoritmo di apprendimento ed eseguirlo alla velocità di un computer - un risultato che potrebbe essere a un decennio o un secolo di distanza - avremo un AGI incredibilmente potente. Sarà in grado di fare tutto ciò che un cervello umano può, ma senza alcun limite pratico alla dimensione della sua memoria o alla velocità con cui opera. Questo sarà un cambiamento profondo. L'intelligenza artificiale non controlla ancora il mondo fisico e non può stabilire i propri obiettivi [NdR FS non del tutto vero] Libri consigli da gates: - Superintelligence, by Nick Bostrom; - Life 3.0 by Max Tegmark; and - A Thousand Brains, by Jeff Hawkins (https://www.gatesnotes.com/A-Thousand-Brains). Modi di essere. Animali, piante e computer: al di là dell'intelligenza umana (https://amzn.to/3nzdfMB) di James Bridle Alcuni spunti interessanti estratti dal libro: Voglio suggerire tre principi che dovrebbero guidare quella conversazione. In primo luogo, dovremmo cercare di bilanciare le paure sugli aspetti negativi dell'IA, che sono comprensibili e validi, con la sua capacità di migliorare la vita delle persone. Per sfruttare al meglio questa straordinaria nuova tecnologia, dovremo proteggerci dai rischi e diffondere i benefici al maggior numero possibile di persone. In secondo luogo, le forze di mercato non produrranno naturalmente prodotti e servizi di intelligenza artificiale che aiutano i più poveri. È più probabile il contrario. Con finanziamenti affidabili e le giuste politiche, i governi e la filantropia possono garantire che le IA vengano utilizzate per ridurre l'iniquità. Proprio come il mondo ha bisogno delle sue persone più brillanti focalizzate sui suoi più grandi problemi, dovremo concentrare le migliori IA del mondo sui suoi più grandi problemi. Anche se non dovremmo aspettare che questo accada, è interessante pensare se l'intelligenza artificiale identificherebbe mai l'iniquità e cercherebbe di ridurla. Hai bisogno di avere un senso della moralità per vedere l'iniquità, o lo vedrebbe anche un'IA puramente razionale? Se riconoscesse l'iniquità, cosa suggerirebbe di fare al riguardo? Infine, dovremmo tenere a mente che siamo solo all'inizio di ciò che l'IA può realizzare. Qualunque limite abbia oggi sarà sparito prima che ce ne accorgiamo. IA competitiva L'attuale forma dominante di intelligenza artificiale, quella di cui tutti parlano, non è né creativa né collaborativa né fantasiosa. O è totalmente asservita - stupida, francamente - o è oppositiva, aggressiva e pericolosa (e forse sempre stupida). E analisi dei modelli, descrizione di immagini, riconoscimento facciale e gestione del traffico; è prospezione petrolifera, arbitraggio finanziario, sistemi di armi autonome e programmi scacchistici che distruggono completamente l'avversario umano. Compiti competitivi, profitti competitivi, intelligenza competitiva. In tutto questo, l'IA competitiva ha una caratteristica in comune con il mondo naturale, o meglio con l'errata concezione storica che abbiamo di quest'ultimo. Essa immagina un ambiente sanguinario in cui l'umanità nuda e fragile deve combattere con forze devastanti e soggiogarle, piegandole alla sua volontà (di solito, maschile) sotto forma di agricoltura, architettura, allevamento e addomesticamento. Questo modo di vedere il mondo ha prodotto un sistema di classificazione a tre livelli in base ai tipi di animali in cui ci imbattiamo: animali domestici, bestiame e fiere selvatiche, ciascuno con i suoi attributi e atteggiamenti. Trasferendo questa analogia al mondo dell'IA, sembra evidente che finora abbiamo creato perlopiù macchine addomesticate del primo tipo, iniziando a recintare un allevamento del secondo e vivendo nel timore di scatenare il terzo. Ecologia della tecnologia Dobbiamo imparare a convivere con il mondo, anziché cercare di dominarlo. In breve, dobbiamo scoprire un'ecologia della tecnologia. Il termine «ecologia» fu coniato alla metà del XIX secolo dal naturalista tedesco [[Ernst Haeckel]] nel libro Generelle Morphologie der Organismen («Morfologia generale degli organismi»). «Per ecologia,» scrive «intendiamo la totalità delle scienze delle relazioni dell'organismo con l'ambiente, incluse tutte le condizioni dell'esistenza nella loro accezione più ampia.» Il termine deriva dal greco oikos (oikos), che significa casa o ambiente; in una nota, Haeckel fa riferimento anche al greco xwpa (chora), cioè «luogo di residenza». L'ecologia non è semplicemente lo studio del posto in cui ci troviamo, ma di tutto ciò che ci circonda e che ci permette di vivere. John Muir, amante della vita all'aria aperta e padre del sistema dei parchi nazionali negli Stati Uniti. Riflettendo sull'abbondanza di vita complessa in cui si imbatté mentre scriveva il libro La mia prima estate sulla Sierra, afferma semplicemente: «Se cerchiamo di isolare un oggetto qualsiasi, scopriamo che ogni cosa è ancorata a tutto il resto dell'universo». La tecnologia è l'ultimo campo del sapere a scoprire la propria ecologia. Quest'ultima è lo studio del luogo in cui ci troviamo e delle relazioni tra i suoi abitanti, mentre la tecnologia è lo studio di ciò che facciamo in quel posto: Téxv (techne), ossia arte o mestiere. Se la mettiamo così, le due sembrano alleate per natura, ma la storia della tecnologia è perlopiù un racconto di cecità intenzionale nei confronti del contesto e delle conseguenze della sua attuazione. AI user friendly Molti di coloro che si occupano direttamente di IA presso Facebook, Google e altre aziende della Silicon Valley sono più che consapevoli delle potenziali minacce esistenziali della superintelligenza. Come abbiamo visto, alcuni dei protagonisti del settore tecnologico - da Bill Gates ed Elon Musk a Shane Legg, il fondatore della DeepMind di Google - hanno espresso preoccupazione per la sua comparsa. Ma la loro risposta è di tipo tecnologico: dobbiamo progettare l'IA in modo che sia friendly, incorporando nella sua programmazione le tutele e le procedure necessarie per garantire che non diventi mai una minaccia per la vita e per il benessere dell'uomo. Questo approccio sembra insieme ottimistico ai limiti dell'assurdo e ingenuo in misura preoccupante. È anche in contrasto con l'esperienza che abbiamo accumulato finora con i sistemi intelligenti. Nella storia dell'IA, i modelli di intelligenza che cercano di descrivere una mente completa attraverso un insieme di regole prestabilite non sono mai riusciti a raggiungere i loro obiettivi. L'azione giusta, in altre parole, non dipende dalla preesistenza della conoscenza giusta - una mappa delle strade o una gerarchia delle virtù - ma dal contesto, dalla sollecitudine e dalla cura. Una macchina preprogrammata per essere friendly non ha meno probabilità di investirvi, o di trasformarvi in graffette, di un'altra predisposta al commercio, se i suoi calcoli la considerano l'azione più etica in quelle circostanze. AI News Roundup: Alpaca, BritGPT, AI di Stanford in Gdocs & Sheets - le IA SaaS sono obsolete? (https://www.reddit.com/r/EntrepreneurRideAlong/comments/11yfl3i/ai_news_roundup_stanfords_alpaca_britgpt_ai_in/) Estratto della sintesi tradotto in italiano (traduzione servizio di Apple) L'alpaca di Stanford I ricercatori di Stanford hanno svelato un modello di intelligenza artificiale (AI) che si comporta quasi alla pari con ChatGPT, ma è costato loro solo 600 dollari per allenarsi. Alpaca è una variante di sette miliardi di parametri dell'LLaMA di Meta. È stato messo a punto utilizzando 52.000 istruzioni generate da GPT-3.5 (ChatGPT). (Proprio come il modo in cui i tester umani sono stati utilizzati per mettere a punto ChatGPT, Stanford ha usato il modello dietro ChatGPT per addestrare la loro Alpaca AI.) Nei test, Alpaca ha funzionato in modo paragonabile al modello di OpenAI, ma ha prodotto più allucinazioni. L'alpaca è significativo perché ha dimostrato che costruire e addestrare nuovi modelli di intelligenza artificiale può essere follemente economico. Questo potrebbe potenzialmente consentire a più persone, compresi i cattivi attori, di creare nuovi modelli economici. Mostra anche che una volta reso pubblico il tuo modello, anche senza rivelare il suo codice, può essere usato per costruire modelli migliori dai concorrenti (come usare ChatGPT per istruire Alpaca durante l'allenamento). Questo potrebbe rendere aziende come OpenAI, Google e Microsoft ancora più aggressive nel proteggere la loro tecnologia proprietaria? Sul lato positivo, il futuro in cui sarai in grado di allenare la tua IA ChatGPT-like usando il tuo computer si è appena avvicinato. AI in Google Workspace e Microsoft 365 Entrambe le società hanno indicato che l'IA sarà fortemente incorporata nelle loro app. Google ha mostrato immagini della loro intelligenza artificiale utilizzate in Gdocs per scrivere articoli completi, in fogli per scrivere formule e in diapositive per generare presentazioni complete con testo e immagini generate dall'IA. La demo di Microsoft era migliore. Hanno mostrato i loro strumenti di intelligenza artificiale dal vivo in azione. La loro Copilot AI sarà disponibile in app come Word, Presentation, Excel, ecc. e sarà in grado di aggregare i dati su qualsiasi argomento in queste app per rispondere a domande, pianificare riunioni, generare risposte, ecc. Copilot sarà anche in grado di prendere appunti dal vivo nelle riunioni e ricapitolare la discussione fatta finora. Anche se questo significa un enorme aumento della nostra produttività, significa anche la morte di molte aziende SaaS costruite attorno alla fornitura di funzionalità basate su GPT in queste app. Anche strumenti come Jasper potrebbero essere resi obsoleti. Rilascio limitato di Bard Google ha iniziato a lanciare il suo chatbot AI Bard, ma è disponibile solo per alcuni utenti negli Stati Uniti e nel Regno Unito e devono avere più di 18 anni. La risposta iniziale a Bard è stata tiepida con gli utenti che si lamentano che è molto inferiore a Bing Chat. Dimostra meno creatività ed è incline a più errori matematici. In effetti, un pulsante per "Google It" appare dopo ogni risposta del bot, come un indicatore della propria insicurezza. È apparentemente più veloce di Bing, ma questo è probabilmente dovuto a un modello più piccolo. Un modello più piccolo spiegherebbe anche le sue scarse prestazioni. OpenAI svela GPT-4 GPT-4 è multimodale, il che significa che accetta sia input di testo che di immagini. È meglio e più sicuro di ChatGPT. Alcune delle sue abilità: - GPT-4 può comprendere i mockup disegnati a mano e convertirli in codice del sito web funzionante. - Può analizzare documenti complessi come i codici fiscali, ma anche eseguire una matematica accurata oltre a citare leggi e principi appropriati per calcolare le tasse. - GPT-4 supera anche GPT 3.5 negli esami umani come Bar, SAT e GRE (punteggi nel 90° percentile rispetto al 10° percentile di ChatGPT) e ha una memoria contestuale molto più lunga. - È disponibile solo nell'abbonamento a pagamento ChatGPT Plus e tramite una lista d'attesa API. Bing chat ha anche utilizzato una prima versione di GPT-4 nelle ultime 5 settimane. Sono curioso dei risultati che potremmo ottenere se Alpaca fosse addestrato usando un modello LLama più grande e messo a punto con GPT-4. Inizia la corsa globale all'IA Il governo del Regno Unito sta investendo 900 milioni di sterline nel supercomputer come parte di una strategia di intelligenza artificiale che include la garanzia che il paese possa costruire il proprio "BritGPT". L'obiettivo è contrastare l'influenza dell'IA della Cina e garantire che il Regno Unito rimanga competitivo nel campo dell'IA. PaLM e Makersuite di Google Google Cloud ha annunciato che le sue applicazioni basate sull'intelligenza artificiale (AI), come l'API Pathways Language Model (PaLM) per i modelli linguistici e lo strumento di prototipazione Makersuite, sono ora disponibili per gli sviluppatori. Google Makersuite è un ambiente di prototipazione per testare e migliorare le idee per le applicazioni di intelligenza artificiale generativa. È un'app che aumenta l'API PaLM con modi per progettare prompt, produrre dati sintetici e personalizzare la messa a punto di un modello. Con MakerSuite, gli sviluppatori possono iterare sui prompt, aumentare il loro set di dati con dati sintetici e sintonizzare facilmente modelli personalizzati. Ernie di Baidu Ernie è un modello di deep-learning di elaborazione del linguaggio naturale (NLP) sviluppato da Baidu, una multinazionale tecnologica cinese. Il modello contiene parametri 10B e ha raggiunto un nuovo punteggio all'avanguardia sul benchmark SuperGLUE, superando il punteggio di base umano. È probabile che Ernie goda di un significativo vantaggio di mercato sul suo territorio d'origine rispetto ai prodotti fabbricati negli Stati Uniti, a causa sia della spinta della Cina per l'autosufficienza tecnologica che della rigorosa censura di Internet del paese. Tuttavia, la sua demo è stata una presentazione poco brillante con risposte pre-registrate. L'incursione di Apple nei LLM Si dice che Apple stia sviluppando un'IA per rivaleggiare con ChatGPT. Il rapporto del New York Times afferma che Apple ha recentemente condotto un evento interno incentrato sui contenuti di intelligenza artificiale generativa e sui grandi modelli linguistici (LLM), che sono le reti neurali che alimentano i chatbot come ChatGPT. Apple ha un'enorme riserva di cassa e con il loro track record AlexaTM di Amazon Il modello AlexaTM 20B di Amazon è stato recentemente nelle notizie. È un modello di linguaggio sequence-to-sequence (seq2seq) da 20 miliardi di parametri che presenta prestazioni all'avanguardia. Il modello è ora disponibile per uso non commerciale per aiutare lo sviluppo e la valutazione di modelli linguistici di grandi dimensioni multilingue (LLM). Il modello è disponibile anche in Amazon SageMaker JumpStart, l'hub di apprendimento automatico di SageMaker. E ha mostrato prestazioni competitive su compiti e benchmark NLP comuni (SuperGLUE e XNLI). Midjourney rilascia la V5 Midjourney v5 porta con sé "efficienza, coerenza e qualità" migliorate, ha detto Midjourney sul suo sito web. La V5 ora risponde con una "range stilistica molto più ampia" rispetto alla versione 4, pur essendo anche più sensibile ai suggerimenti, generando meno testo indesiderato e offrendo un aumento di 2 volte della risoluzione dell'immagine. Midjourney v5 può generare abbastanza bene mani umane realistiche, il che era un problema con le versioni precedenti. Ha anche generato ritratti credibili di esseri umani e persone in pose naturali. Allontanerà opportunità ai piccoli modelli e ai grafici? Bing AI Image Creator di Microsoft Microsoft ha dato al suo generatore di immagini AI il proprio sito Bing Create dedicato. Bing Image Creator è alimentato da una versione avanzata del modello DALL-E di OpenAI e funziona sorprendentemente bene anche con input di linguaggio naturale. Le immagini sono libere di creare e più sei descrittivo, migliore è l'output che ottieni. Sono particolarmente entusiasta dell'uso della generazione di immagini AI nella narrazione. C'è il potenziale per nuove startup di genere in questo spazio che utilizzano storie generate dall'IA e le combinano con immagini di intelligenza artificiale e voci fuori campo di intelligenza artificiale per esperienze di narrazione realistiche e personalizzate. Dove ci potete trovare? Lucio: Lucio (https://macintelligence.org/) Roberto: Mac e architettura: mach - dot - net.wordpress.com (https://marchdotnet.wordpress.com/) Podcast settimanale Snap - architettura imperfetta (https://www.spreaker.com/show/snap-archiettura-imperfetta) Filippo: Avvocati e Mac punto it (https://www.avvocati-e-mac.it/) Ci sentiamo tra 2 settimane.

Wagner fits within a German ecological tradition stretching from Von Humboldt through Haeckel and Himmler to the Greens. Can any of this be heard in the music itself? This talk will show you how. This episode is a lecture by Professor Michael Spitzer, author of acclaimed book The Musical Human, with musical illustrations by Longborough's Ring cycle répétiteur Kelvin Lim, recorded at an event for Longborough members. Longborough Festival Opera's 2023 season opens with Wagner's Götterdämmerung, part of a new Ring cycle conducted by eminent Wagnerian Anthony Negus. Find out more about Longborough Festival Opera at LFO.org.uk

Os estudos ecológicos nos fornecem informações para entender melhor o mundo ao nosso redor, o que pode nos ajudar a melhorar o meio ambiente, gerenciar os recursos naturais e proteger a saúde humana. Separe meia horinha do seu dia e descubra com a Dra. Mila Massuda (@milamassuda) do BlaBlaLogia (@blablalogia) como foi o surgimento da Ecologia. Apresentação: Mila Massuda (@milamassuda) Roteiro: Mila Massuda (@milamassuda) e Emilio Garcia (@emilioblablalogia) Edição: @Matheus_Heredia (@mewmediaLAB) Produção Prof. Vítor Soares (@profvitorsoares) e BláBláLogia (@blablalogia) REFERÊNCIAS: BEGON, Michael; TOWNSEND, Colin R. Ecology: from individuals to ecosystems. John Wiley & Sons, 2021. BUFFON, George Louis Leclerc; DAUBENTON, Louis Jean Marie. Histoire naturelle, générale et particulière, avec la description du Cabinet du Roi. chez JH Schneider, 1766. CANTINO, Philip D. et al. (Ed.). PhyloCode: a phylogenetic code of biological nomenclature. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2020. DARWIN, Charles. A origem das espécies. 2009. DE QUEIROZ, Kevin; CANTINO, Philip D.; GAUTHIER, Jacques A. (Ed.). Phylonyms: a Companion to the PhyloCode. CRC Press, 2020. DOBZHANSKY, Th et al. Evolution WH Freeman and Company. San Francisco, 1977. DOBZHANSKY, Theodosius. Nothing in biology makes sense except in the light of evolution. The american biology teacher, v. 75, n. 2, p. 87-91, 2013. EISNER, Thomas. For love of insects. Harvard University Press, 2005. ELTON, Charles S. Animal ecology. University of Chicago Press, 2001. FORBES, Stephen A. The lake as a microcosm. 1887. HAECKEL, Ernst. Generelle morphologie der organismen. Georg Reimer, 1866. KALM, Peter. 1771. Travels into North America: containing its natural history (...). Translated by JR Forster. Warrington: printed by William Eyres, 1770. KREBS, Charles J. The experimental analysis of distribution and abundance. Ecology. New York: Harper and Row, p. 1-14, 1972. LACK, David et al. The natural regulation of animal numbers. The Natural Regulation of Animal Numbers., 1954. MACARTHUR, Robert H. On the relative abundance of bird species. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, v. 43, n. 3, p. 293-295, 1957. MACARTHUR, Robert H.; MACARTHUR, John W. On bird species diversity. Ecology, v. 42, n. 3, p. 594-598, 1961. MACARTHUR, Robert H.; WILSON, Edward O. The theory of island biogeography. Princeton university press, 2001. MAYR, Ernst. The growth of biological thought: Diversity, evolution, and inheritance. Harvard University Press, 1982. MICHAUX, André. Flora boreali-americana. apud fratres Levrault, 1803. RAVEN, Charles E. John Ray: naturalist: his life and works. Cambridge University Press, 1986. RAY, J.; WILLUGHBY, F. The ornithology of Francis Willughby of Middleton. A.C. for John Martyn, 1678. RAY, John. Catalogus Plantarum Angliae. Martyn. 1670. RIBATTI, D. William Harvey and the discovery of the circulation of the blood. Vasc Cell 1, 3 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1186/2040-2384-1-3 SIMPSON, George Gaylord. Mammals and the nature of continents. American Journal of Science, v. 241, n. 1, p. 1-31, 1943. WARMING, Eugenius et al. Oecology of plants; an introduction to the study of plant-communities. 1909.

Astrologer and counsellor Andrea Michelle Haeckel can speak seamlessly about the outer cosmos and it's influence on our inner experience. She embodies the interface between tantra and astrology and how the two together allow an availability to our natural evolution into love.   In this transmissive interview we explore how collectively at this time we are being invited beyond the metabolism of our past initiations (and healed trauma) into an opportunity to make vital new choices.   We explore how this relates to the next octave of the ‘Me Too' movement as well as the new expression of feminine emerging in our experience at this time.   This is an inspiring invitation into the next level of self responsibility, self love, and the courage to be ourselves simply as we are. This episode is a ‘must listen' for any one with resonance with masculine and feminine polarity and the next octave of this refinement in their own lives.   Connect with Andrea Michelle: Precious Human Birth Website: https://www.precioushumanbirth.com/ YouTube Channel: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=81EYz5BsYQg&ab_channel=PreciousHumanBirth   Connect with Katherine: Technology of Love Website: https://www.techoflove.com/ Podcast: https://www.techoflove.com/podcast Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/katherinezorensky/?hl=en   

I'd like to take an opportunity to interrupt this Scripture and Science class. We've just done three episodes on evolution. The first one covered the basics of what evolution is. Our second teaching evolution covered biblical problems and the third surveyed some scientific problems. Then Will interviewed Sam about his beliefs in both Christianity and evolution. I figured we'd just leave it there and move on to hear what Will had to say about geology. But after seeing various comments coming in, I decided it would be good to interject some of my own thoughts both defending my reasons for honestly engaging with evolution as well as my reasons for still not believing in it. My reasons: Lack of evidence for evolution Problem of first life Mutations as an inadequate mechanism Humans ill-adapted for survival Allegorical readings of Genesis are ad hoc Evolution undermines the Fall Listen to this episode on Spotify or Apple Podcasts —— Links —— We are doing follow-up discussions to these episodes on YouTube. Check them out! See other episodes in this Scripture and Science Class Check out Barlow's previous podcast episodes Learn more about and support the church Barlow and his team are starting in Louisville, KY, called Compass Christian Church Find more articles and audios by Barlow on his website: Study Driven Faith Support Restitutio by donating here Designate Restitutio as your charity of choice for Amazon purchases Join our Restitutio Facebook Group and follow Sean Finnegan on Twitter @RestitutioSF Leave a voice message via SpeakPipe with questions or comments and we may play them out on the air Intro music: Good Vibes by MBB Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported (CC BY-SA 3.0) Free Download / Stream: Music promoted by Audio Library. Who is Sean Finnegan?  Read his bio here

Ernst Haeckel (1834 - 1919) war einer der einflussreichsten Naturphilosophen des 19. Jahrhunderts. Er war Mediziner, Zoologe, Philosoph und ein großer Unterstützer von Charles Darwins Evolutionstheorie. Er konnte auch ziemlich gut zeichnen. In seinem Sammelband "Kunstformen der Natur" hat er wunderbare, hochästhetische Zeichnungen von Organismen aller Art hinterlassen. Allerdings vertrat er auch die Ideologie der Rassenhygiene und der Eugenik, die später von den Nazis bereitwillig aufgenommen wurden. Haeckel bewegte sich oft an der Grenze zwischen Wissenschaft und Philosophie. Er formulierte etwa die sogenannte biogenetische Grundregel, die im Kern besagt, dass jeder Organismus in seiner Embryonalentwicklung noch einmal die gesamte Evolution seiner Art rekapituliert. Platt gesagt: Ein menschlicher Fötus im Mutterleib durchläuft im frühen Stadium noch einmal etwa eine Fisch- und eine Amphibienphase. Eine interessante Theorie, die aber so nicht mehr haltbar ist. Ein wenig esoterisch klingt auch ein Vortrag aus dem Jahr 1918 zum Thema "Kristallseelen". Haeckel liest aus seinem gleichnamigen Buch, das ein Jahr zuvor erschienen war. Darin wirbt er zunächst für die Idee von der Einheit der Natur – eine Ansicht, die auch der modernen Naturwissenschaft nicht fremd ist. Sie besagt im Wesentlichen, dass alle Erkenntnisse etwa über das Leben auf der Erde am Ende mit physikalischen Gesetzen im Einklang stehen müssen. Haeckel dreht dabei aber den Spieß um und erklärt, dass sich das Konzept der Seele auch auf tote Materie – wie eben Kristalle – übertragen lasse. Dabei nimmt er Bezug auf mehrere Bücher aus dem Jahr 1904, in denen andere Autoren ähnliches behaupten. | Transkript des schwer verständlichen Vortrags und mehr zum Thema: http://swr.li/haeckel-kristallseelen

Since it's inception, evolutionary theory has remained controversial for many. Although one might think only uneducated laypeople find the idea unpalatable, quite a sizeable minority of scientists too struggle to come to terms with Darwinism. In today's episode, Will Barlow explores a number of major scientific objections to evolution, including the Cambrian explosion, mutations as an insufficient mechanism, irreducible complexity, and the fossil record itself. Additionally, he briefly explores the issue of abiogenesis--the presumed starting point for any evolutionary development. Listen to this episode on Spotify or Apple Podcasts https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sdx6kuhRqQY&feature=emb_imp_woyt See below for notes. —— Links —— We are doing follow-up discussions to these episodes on YouTube. Check them out! See other episodes in this Scripture and Science Class Check out Barlow's previous podcast episodes Learn more about and support the church Barlow and his team are starting in Louisville, KY, called Compass Christian Church Find more articles and audios by Barlow on his website: Study Driven Faith Support Restitutio by donating here Designate Restitutio as your charity of choice for Amazon purchases Join our Restitutio Facebook Group and follow Sean Finnegan on Twitter @RestitutioSF Leave a voice message via SpeakPipe with questions or comments and we may play them out on the air Intro music: Good Vibes by MBB Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported (CC BY-SA 3.0) Free Download / Stream: Music promoted by Audio Library. Who is Sean Finnegan?  Read his bio here —— Notes —— Scientific Objections to Evolution • Evidence problems (open scientific questions)• Methodological problems• Evolution or design? Evidence Problems The theory of evolution has several major open problems that are yet to be solved: • The Cambrian Explosion• Mutations The Cambrian Explosion Much of the fossil record could be viewed in a light to support evolution, but the Cambrian Explosion poses a big problem: • The theory of evolution requires slow changes over a long time• Cambrian explosion was a big change in a short period of time Simply put, what is the Cambrian explosion? • Evolution would predict species would diverge and lead to new genera, families, orders, classes, and then phyla• Most animal phyla (and many major classes within them) appear fully formed in the Cambrian period “According to modern paleontologists James Valentine, Stanley Awramik, Philip Signor, and Peter Sadler, the appearance of the major animal phyla near the beginning of the Cambrian is ‘the single most spectacular phenomenon evident in the fossil record.'”— Jonathan Wells, The Politically Incorrect Guide to Darwinism and Intelligent Design, page 16. Some scientists have suggested that pre-Cambrian organisms might be too delicate to make good fossils • Recent scientific discoveries have shown that this is untrue• Scientists have found fossils in the Cambrian period that are small and soft tissued Mutations Mutations are considered incredibly important to the evolutionary framework: • Recall that as populations are isolated and different conditions exist, random mutations lead to speciation (according to evolution)• Recent studies on mutation have challenged this understanding “Rather than mutations building up molecular machinery, improving an organism relentlessly, many mutations actually destroyed parts of a creature's DNA, or rendered some of the molecular machinery it coded for ineffective. It turns out that some of the mutations which break things can sometimes have a salutary effect.”— Michael Behe, “God and Evolution,” God is Great, God is Good, page 86. Mutations that break genes can have a positive effect. For example: • If a child receives the gene for sickle cell anemia from one parent and not the other, that child will experience more resistance to malaria Evolutionist Richard Lenski and his team observed a situation in bacteria where two successive mutations improved the survivability of the bacteria.However, there is one problem… “The first mutations to help were the breaking of genes. The bacteria rapidly lost the ability to make the sugar ribose (a component of RNA); for some reason that helped the mutant bacteria compete against non-mutants. A handful of other genes involved in metabolism were also deleted. Some bacteria had their ability to repair DNA badly damaged. Most bacteria lost the ability to metabolize the sugar maltose.” “The mutations were incoherent, scattered in different genes, with no recognizable theme among them. They were not in the process of building any new system in the cell. They simply took advantage of opportunities that helped them grow faster in their current milieu. This is what random mutation does, even when it ‘helps.'”— Michael Behe, “God and Evolution,” God is Great, God is Good, page 89. Methodological Problems The theory of evolution has many methodological problems: • Misleading Evidence for evolution• Irreducible complexity• The fossil record• Origin of life Misleading Evidence for Evolution Proponents of evolution have used several pieces of misleading information: • Haeckel's embryos• Miller's origin of life experiment Haeckel's Embryos If you look at many scientific textbooks, you will find a drawing of Haeckel's embryos.The problem is that they are fake! Miller's Experiment Stanley Miller conducted a series of experiments in 1953 to demonstrate that life could spontaneously arise: • Miller used an atmosphere of hydrogen, methane, ammonia, and water vapor — and life appeared!• However, that atmosphere is not the scientifically accepted atmosphere Irreducible Complexity “If it could be demonstrated that any complex organ existed which could not possibly have formed by numerous, successive, slight modifications, my theory would absolutely break down.”— Charles Darwin, The Origin of Species Michael Behe (professor of biochemistry) believes that there are many examples that violate Darwin's principles.He calls these “irreducibly complex” things “machines.” An “irreducibly complex” system is “a single system which is composed of several well-matched, interacting parts that contribute to the basic function, and where the removal of any one of the parts causes the system to effectively cease functioning.”— Behe, Darwin's Black Box, page 39. Behe uses an example from modern life to explain what he means by an “irreducibly complex” system: a mousetrap.Can a mousetrap work without a hammer, spring, or platform? Behe give many examples in his book of systems that, from a biochemical perspective, are irreducibly complex: • Blood clotting• Bacterial flagellum Responses to Behe: • Collins says that most of Behe's examples may have plausible solutions in the future• Dawkins argues that there is not an “all or nothing” nature to certain examples Behe gives• Lenski's experiment showed that bacteria could see successive mutations (two-step machine) The Fossil Record What about the fossil record? It is perhaps the only place where we can scientifically observe speciation (the change in species over time).Jonathan Wells challenges the fossil record. Imagine that you dig in your backyard and find two skeletons! They are both dated to 30 years ago. One is adult sized and the other is half of that.Can you assume a familial relationship? We can apply this type of critical thinking to the fossil record. Just because two fossil specimens look like they are related does not make them related. Consider archaeopteryx. Is it half-bird, half-reptile? Does it fit in the gap that evolutionists want?It does not. The supposed reptilian precursors to this animal are found after it in the fossil record. “We are not even authorized to consider the exceptional case of the archaeopteryx as a true link. By link, we mean a necessary stage of transition between classes such as reptiles and birds, or between smaller groups. An animal displaying characters belonging to two different groups cannot be treated as a true link as long as the intermediary stages have not been found, and as long as the mechanisms of the transition remain unknown.”—Pierre Lecomte du Nouy, cited in Strobel, The Case for a Creator, page 58. Origin of Life Remember that evolution does not describe the origin of life — the theory begins when life begins.However, it is interesting to challenge abiogenesis theories in conjunction with evolution. Challenges to abiogenesis theories: • The probability of randomly producing a “simple” protein are astronomically low• No natural selection available before life begins Evolution or Design? What is the best conclusion given the evidence? • If we believe in evolution, it still could be consistent with God-designed life and guidance.• If we don't believe in evolution, there is strong evidence for design in the living beings around us.• Either way, atheism doesn't do the best job of explaining the evidence.

We are joined again by Alex French to discuss "Brain Power."  No kids were harmed, but some hosts were shaken. The ISO episode contains outdated wording about cognitive states that are now considered offensive.  Our podcast episode steers clear of that but we wanted you to be aware if you decided to watch the original episode.  Nimoy Fashion: Discussed in this episode: The Raimondi Stele (Jeb discusses flipping it to see different interpretation) Discussion of Haeckle's Embryos (Amazon Affiliate Link) Article on controversy (New Scientist) The 1997 article that brought Haeckel back into fresh scrutiny Biorhythms (pseudoscience popular in late 70s/early 80s) Alleged Russian "psychic" Nina Kulagina    Robert Doman (brother of founder Glenn Doman) Orville Redenbacher called and wants his look back... Louise Emerson of The Morgan Autism Institute Art teacher Betty Edwards    Thelma Moss  What is Kirlian Photography? 

A new MP3 sermon from Old Paths Baptist Church is now available on SermonAudio with the following details: Title: Five Frauds of Evolution: Lucy,Piltdown , Haeckel Embryo's Subtitle: Satanic Roots of Evolution Speaker: Jason Cooley Broadcaster: Old Paths Baptist Church Event: Podcast Date: 7/25/2022 Bible: Genesis 3 Length: 127 min.

In this episode of the Astrology Hub Podcast astrologers  Andrea Michelle Haeckel +  Amanda ‘Pua' Walsh, Founder of Astrology Hub discuss ... Eris, instigator for our individual and collective evolution. You'll learn... About Andrea's personal journey into studying and practicing Astrology, and why Eris is a focus of her research. The remarkable details and symbolism Andrea has found in Eris's origin chart. How Eris's influence is present in the current cosmic energy, and how you can work with this energy in a positive way. ✨ Grab Your Personalized Astrology Reports Life has never been more full of surprises, challenges, and opportunities. Now you can purchase a personalized astrology report and receive guidance for your life's journey straight to your inbox.

  In this episode we discuss Chapter 1 of Descent of Man and are joined by a special guest - Evolutionary developmental (EvoDevo) biologist Dr. Belinda Sly. Darwin spends the chapter documenting how human bodies show the scars from evolution past. Darwin takes two approaches in convincing the reader that humans are modified from "lower forms". In one approach he discusses how humans share ailments, diseases, and parasites with other animals. The argument of homology. The second argument Darwin uses is cataloging the various rudimentary, vestigial, and nascent structures humans have and how they are present and useful in other animals.Sarah highlighted the homology argument that Darwin used - the fact that humans share diseases and parasites with other animals, showing the similarity of our bodies with other animals - by discussing the diversity of human lice - head, body, and pubic lice. After explaining the differences between each, Sarah helped us understand how they are used to identify important points in our evolutionary past, when we became hairless and when we adopted clothes. The strongest homology argument that Darwin presented was the similarity in form of vertebrate embryos and how the new technology of the time - microscopes - was increasing that dataset.  Dr. Belinda Sly discussed the different scientists of the time that were documenting embryo development - Karl Ernst von Baer and Ernst Haeckel. There is great similarity in embryo forms for various vertebrate animals, although Haeckel seems to have exaggerated those similarities in his illustrations. Belinda discussed the power of the comparison of embryos, and how they do give the best evidence of evolution via descent with modification but fall short of the old adage "ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny".The second line of argument Darwin discussed was the various rudimentary or vestigial structures we have that are of "absolutely useless faculty".  In particular he spent some time highlighting our restricted ability to use our panniculus carnosus muscles to move our skin as illustrated in this GIF of a horse twitching its skin to dislodge flies. In humans the ability is mostly restricted to our ability to move our eyebrows, but Darwin discussed some families ability to move their scalp and Sarah shared her "lamest super power ever" ability to slightly move her ears. The opening and closing theme to Discovering Darwin is "May" by Jared C. Balogh.1st interlude music is Head Lice song https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7us3ucQmrIE2nd interlude music is Black Bear Combo - Black Bear Kolo http://blackbearcombo.com/  

O que é ecologia ? --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/filhologico/message

“Buck no leía periódicos, de lo contrario habría sabido que una amenaza se cernía no sólo sobre él, sino sobre cualquier otro perro de la costa, entre Puget Sound y San Diego, con fuerte musculatura y largo y abrigado pelaje. Porque en la oscuridad del Ártico, unos hombres habían encontrado un metal amarillo y, debido a que las compañías navieras y de transporte propagaron el hallazgo, miles de otros hombres se lanzaban hacia el norte. Estos hombres necesitaban perros y los querían recios, con una fuerte musculatura que los hiciera resistentes al trabajo duro y un pelo abundante que los protegiera del frío”. Fragmento de “La llamada de la selva”. Al igual que Emilio Salgari, Jack London sacó fruto de su experiencia personal y de sus viajes para escribir sus mejores novelas. Toda su vida fue vertiginosa, azarosa y cambiante, sumido en continuas depresiones alcohólicas y suicidas. Fue un hombre que vivió entre dos siglos y ese cambio se notó también en su vida y en su obra. Se cree que fue hijo natural de Wiliam Chaney, periodista, abogado y astrólogo ambulante de poca monta, al que no llegó a conocer, y de Flora Wellman, una madre desnaturalizada, neurótica y aficionada al espiritismo. Su madre le abandonó cuando aún era muy pequeño y fue criado por su padrastro y por una antigua esclava, Virginia Prentiss, en medio de una pobreza extrema. London representa como nadie uno de esos casos en los que su infancia y adolescencia le influyeron para el resto de su vida. Hubiera sido un buen elemento para ser analizado por un psicólogo, si se hubiera dejado. Le hubiera contado que sus juegos tenían como escenario los peligrosos muelles de San Francisco, su ciudad natal, y que a los catorce años empezó a trabajar en un barco y a los quince en una fábrica de conservas. Confesaría que pronto comenzó a ganarse la vida y a desarrollar su instinto de picaresca y supervivencia. A decir verdad, Jack tenía todas las papeletas para convertirse en un delincuente barriobajero, sobre todo cuando se aficionó a la bebida. Sus hazañas de pubertad no hacían presagiar nada bueno, pero al mismo tiempo que se emborrachaba se interesó por la lectura. Entre sus autores preferidos estaba Ruyard Kipling. A los dieciséis años, cuenta él mismo una anécdota significativa de la época que le tocó vivir. Dice London que cuando era pescador furtivo de ostras compró una barca con todos sus componentes, incluido en el lote un regalo que no se imaginaba: una mujer a la que llamaban “la reina de los piratas”. Este es uno de tantos aldabonazos de una larga vida aventurera, digna de una película de acción. Fue grumete, vagabundo, agitador político socialista, cazador de focas, buscador de oro en Alaska, reportero, corresponsal de la guerra ruso-japonesa y hasta ranchero. Se casó dos veces y con su segunda mujer, construyó un barco con el que intentó dar la vuelta al mundo, empresa que le inspiró su novela “Aventura”. Su existencia, como la de muchos otros, daba para muchas historias. En sus novelas están reflejadas sus profesiones y personalidades con distintos nombres, porque de lo contrario, no podríamos creer que un ser humano haya vivido- y hasta sobrevivido- con tanta intensidad. Su vida daría un cambio cuando se embarcó en una expedición al Ártico para cazar focas, aventura que suministró el argumento para su novela “El lobo de mar” publicada en 1.904. A su regreso a San Francisco se encontró con una situación poco agradable; la crisis económica que comenzó en 1.893 y múltiples problemas personales y profesionales. En 1.896, cuando acababa de cumplir veinte años, su vida experimentó un nuevo giro: ingresó en la Universidad de California y allí descubrió el “Manifiesto comunista” de Marx y su lectura le convirtió en un socialista militante. Tras estudiar en Berkeley pasó en 1.897 a convertirse en uno de los miles de hombres que partieron hacia la región del rio Klondike, en Canadá, arrastrado por la fiebre del oro que se desató el 17 de Agosto de 1.896 en uno de sus afluentes, el Bonanza Creek. En su mochila llevaba, además de sus objetos y prendas personales, el “Paraiso perdido” de John Milton y las obras de los evolucionistas Darwin y Haeckel. Cuando regresó a su país ya tenía en mente los argumentos de sus más famosas obras: “La llamada de la selva” y “Colmillo blanco”. En 1.903 triunfa con la primera de ellas donde pone en práctica la teoría de la supervivencia del más fuerte; un perro doméstico acaba convirtiéndose en el jefe de una manada de lobos en el Yucón. Y así, poco a poco, irá publicando relatos hasta llegar a un total de cincuenta, todos con el mismo denominador común: el riesgo y la aventura, en muchas de las cuales él participó de forma activa y directa. Sus problemas con el alcohol no habían desaparecido sino todo lo contrario, pues se incrementaron en su búsqueda de pepitas de oro en un ambiente propicio a los desmanes. Su vida y su actividad literaria están muy influidas por sus ideas socialistas y eso se verá reflejado claramente en sus obras “El pueblo del abismo” de 1.903, que es una descripción de la miseria en el East End de Londres (el escenario donde Jack el Destripador cometió sus atroces crímenes a finales del siglo XIX), “La guerra de las clases” de 1.905 y “El talón de hierro” de 1.907, una de las primeras utopías pesimistas o distopías del siglo XX, que nos advierte frente a la posibilidad de una dictadura fascista, algo en lo que no estuvo desencaminado. Asimismo en su obra “El lobo de mar”, el protagonista, el capitán Wolf Larsen, intenta poner en práctica la idea del superhombre de Nietzsche y Spencer. Se calcula que entre 1.900 y 1.916 la publicación de sus libros le hicieron ganar más de un millón de dólares, cantidad exorbitante para la época, pero que no tardó en dilapidar en sus adicciones y negocios fallidos. A los cuarenta años, London era el escritor más popular y mejor pagado de América y tal vez del mundo. Poseía dinero, éxito, un lugar de retiro apartado en el norte de California y parecía felizmente casado. Y cuando lo tiene todo decide suicidarse….. Lo que le lleva a la fatal decisión es su adicción a la bebida. Se jactaba entre sus amigos de beber más que nadie. El mismo explicaba que empezó a beber a los cinco años algún trago de cerveza que desde un bar cercano le llevaba a diario a su padrastro en un cubo. Como marinero, a los catorce años afirmaba que podía beber más que sus compañeros de a bordo, mucho más veteranos que él y lo demostraba. London bebió y bebió durante toda su vida, sobre todo whisky que era su bebida favorita. Como a Edgar Allan Poe, el alcohol le servía de inspiración, o eso creía, pero también a su degradación. Alcanzó y superó el tope del litro diario. Cuando tenía cuarenta años había vivido casi tres vidas. Tanto ritmo le costó muy caro. El alcohol, la uremia y la morfina para calmar sus dolores, desembocó en el suicidio el 22 de Noviembre de 1.916 ingiriendo una dosis mortal de sulfato de morfina en su rancho de California al que llamó, como era propio en él, “Wolf House” (la Casa del lobo). Los periódicos europeos dedicaron más espacio a la noticia de su muerte que a la del emperador Francisco José de Austria, fallecido el día anterior. Tres años antes de morir, en 1.913, escribió “John Barley o memorias de un alcohólico”, una especie de confesión autobiográfica donde admitía su adicción de toda la vida con una conclusión final: “Mi intención es seguir bebiendo, pero con más habilidad, con más discreción”...y siguió bebiendo mucho más hasta que todo terminó. En su novela “El vagabundo de las estrellas” se hace una pregunta: “¿Qué seré cuando vuelva a vivir?”. ¿Creía Jack London en la reencarnación?. En todo caso tuvo una vida extraña, digna de la mejor novela. Vivió y murió como deseó.

Phil sits down with Henrick Haeckel to discuss his unique path into his current role as a tax attorney. Henrick gives a look behind what it actually looks like to work in the tax arena and how difficult it can be but how rewarding it can be as well. As complicated and cold-hearted taxes can be, Henrick emphasises that as long as you work hard, keep your head up, and your ear to the ground, the rewards and enjoyable and meaningful.

Phil sits down with Henrick Haeckel to discuss his unique path into his current role as a tax attorney. Henrick gives a look behind what it actually looks like to work in the tax arena and how difficult it can be but how rewarding it can be as well. As complicated and cold-hearted taxes can be, Henrick emphasises that as long as you work hard, keep your head up, and your ear to the ground, the rewards and enjoyable and meaningful.

Tanner returns to speak with Miles about Masters of Horror: Haeckel's Tale. You will never expect how this movie ends... Also... we do a virtual Terrible Drink. That segment may or may not have a twist at the end, as well.  Happy Halloween!

Culto a la Cultura Este programa se transmite todos los Jueves de 4 a 5 pm, conducido por el escritor, ilustrador y músico Jorge Eulalio. Programa cultural que busca la reflexión del público a través de la exposición y análisis de temas artísticos, sociales, filosóficos y psicológicos. Culto a la Cultura tiene la misión de combatir la ignorancia y de invitar al mundo a reflexionar para tener una vida mas consciente y feliz.

Streaming now on all podcasts platforms the fiends of Flesh Wound Horror are back with another Masters Of Horror TV Terror Talk retrospective. First up we have Lucky McKee’s Sick girl, followed by Larry Cohen’s Pick Me Up, John McNaughton’s Haeckel’s Tale, and finally, Takashi Mike’s highly controversial, Imprint. Support us for exclusive and uncensored content at patreon.com/fleshwoundfeatures, check out fleshwoundfeatures.com, https://twitter.com/FleshWoundRadio, join the Horror Cartel Flesh Wound Radio Facebook group, and like the Flesh Wound Features FB page. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G07ejHZ2CHo&feature=youtu.be

Dengerin ini sebelum kalian lulus 3,5 tahun

Past conversations with Jessica Haeckel (https://jessicahaeckel.com/) may have been the key inspiration for starting this podcast. Jessica is a multi-talented, multi-faceted, multi-instrumental polymath artist with such a down to earth and unique relationship to her own creative process. She is releasing her new album Empty Boat on July 15th, 2020, and she has been so kind as to unveil the highly anticipated physical copies of the album on this podcast. Jessica is embracing the obsoletion of physical CD's, boldly packaging her new album in immersive works of art which shatter the conventions of both modern and traditional media. She describes this album as her most emotional work yet, and the innovative packaging gently invites the listener into this meticulously curated and holistic experience. Jessica walks us through her decision-making process for the new album and dives deep into her creative process involving music, painting, and the interconnected relationship between the two. She even gives us a preview of her upcoming Vocal Coach program, which is currently in development and expected to be released later this year. Her new album Empty Boat is available for preorder at https://jessicahaeckel.com/, you can also check out her art and other creative projects on Instagram @jessicahaeckel (https://www.instagram.com/jessicahaeckel/). More of her music, performances, music videos, and cover songs can be found at Jessica Haeckel's Youtube Page (https://www.youtube.com/user/chimaera1618). If you enjoyed this podcast and Jessica Haeckel's work, please consider supporting her on Patreon (https://www.patreon.com/JessicaHaeckel)! This epsiode is sponsored by Hotel Tango Distillery (https://shop.hoteltangodistillery.com/) — Promo code: forgingflame for 10% off

A HARROWING JOURNEY ALONG THE DARK TRAIL Schoolteacher Konrad Diamond falls afoul of cattle baron Ernst Haeckel. Rather than invite more trouble, Diamond and his sister Lila light out for new pastures. But the vindictive Haeckel puts a price on Diamond's head, and the bounty hunters are coming for him. The teacher and his sister fall in with Gusty Gillespie, a battle-scarred bruiser, and then fate throws the trio into the path of Jacob Millard, who is on a rescue mission for a young girl kidnapped from his town. Konrad, Lila, and Gusty try to persuade him it is a suicidal enterprise. But what the hell! They say blood is thicker than water. The group of four wade through a crimson tide as they ride the dark trail and do battle with bounty hunters, Cheyenne warriors, crooked lawmen, and outlaws. No one can foretell which of them will survive, if any. --- This episode is sponsored by · Anchor: The easiest way to make a podcast. https://anchor.fm/app

Download HERE Podcasters Of Horror Episode 6 – Pick Me Up and Haeckel’s Tale Welcome to a new episode of the Mini Podcast series from The Super Podcast with Podcasters Of Horror! This mini series will cover short reviews and discussion for every episode of Mick Garris’ Masters Of Horror! Your trusty hosts ‘Super’ Marcey … Continue reading →

Podcasters Of Horror Episode 6 – Pick Me Up and Haeckel’s Tale Download HERE   Welcome to a new episode of the Mini Podcast series from The Super Podcast with Podcasters Of Horror! This mini series will cover short reviews and discussion for every episode of Mick Garris’ Masters Of Horror! Your trusty hosts ‘Super’ … Continue reading →

In this episode exploring great ideas in genetics, we’re discovering our inner fish - finding out whether we really do go through a fishy phase in the womb, and looking at the legacy of Tiktaalik, the first fish to walk on land.Born in 1834, Ernst Haeckel was a German zoologist with a flair for illustration - and a knack for creating incredibly detailed and widely shared scientific images. But do his infamous embryo drawings really show the true picture of early development?Haeckel thought that we went through a 'fish' stage in the womb because our embryos appear to have gills during early development. Although his theory that 'ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny' has subsequently been shown to be incorrect, we now know there is a close connection between development and evolution, or 'evo-devo' as it's sometimes known.In short, our evolutionary history is written in our developmental genes, and it’s a history that we can trace right the way back to the very first vertebrates. The best example of this is Tiktaalik - our oldest 'fishapod' ancestor that forms the missing link between fish and land-dwelling tetrapods.Full show notes, transcript, music credits and references online at GeneticsUnzipped.comFollow us on Twitter @GeneticsUnzipGenetics Unzipped is written and presented by Kat Arney, and produced by First Create the Media for the Genetics Society - one of the oldest learned societies in the world dedicated to supporting and promoting the research, teaching and application of genetics. Production by Hannah Varrall.

Oggi andiamo nel profondo blu per conoscere dei microscopici e simmetrici amici: i Radiolari.Foto pazzesche di radiolari: https://www.pinterest.it/stephenfoster00/radiolaria/Il pipistrello di Haeckel: https://publicdomainreview.org/collections/ernst-haeckels-bats-1904/ Radiolaria: https://n-e-r-v-o-u-s.com/radiolaria/Le illustrazioni per Bestiario Contemporaneo sono curate da Davide Abbati: http://www.davideabbati.it/La sigla di Bestiario Contemporaneo è "Laconic Granny".Laconic Granny di Kevin MacLeod è un brano autorizzato da Creative Commons Attribution (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)Fonte: http://incompetech.com/music/royalty-free/index.html?isrc=USUAN1100522Artista: http://incompetech.com/

Our first commentary of 2017, Masters of Horror: Haeckel's Tale, written by Mick Garris, adapted from Clive Barker's short story. Show Notes http://www.clivebarker.info/haeckeltv.html http://www.clivebarker.info/haeckelbarker.html http://www.clivebarker.info/newsdarkdel.html Pictures/Stills: http://www.kino.de/film/masters-of-horror-1.12-haeckel-s-tale-2006/# https://www.revolvy.com/main/index.php?s=Ernst%20Haeckel&item_type=topic Script - Masters_of_Horror_1x12_-_Haeckel_s_Tale The Clive Barker Podcast (or @Barkercast) is an independent  editorial fan site and podcast that is not affiliated with or under contract by Clive Barker or Seraphim Films.  This is a labor of love by the fans, for the fans.   web www.clivebarkercast.com iTunes (Leave a review!), Stitcher,Libsyn, Tunein, Pocket Casts, Google Play, DoubleTwist and YouTube Facebook and Join the Occupy Midian group Twitter: @BarkerCast | @OccupyMidian

This episode discusses Chapter XIV where Darwin applies his ideas of evolution and descent with modification to explain the developing "natural system" of classification, the unity of embryos and why organisms have rudimentary or vestigial organs.  Classification From the most remote period in the history of the world organic beings have been found to resemble each other in descending degrees, so that they can be classed in groups under groups. This classification is not arbitrary like the grouping of the stars in constellations. The existence of groups would have been of simple significance, if one group had been exclusively fitted to inhabit the land, and another the water; one to feed on flesh, another on vegetable matter, and so on; but the case is widely different, for it is notorious how commonly members of even the same sub-group have different habits.Cuvier in 1817 proposed a system of classification that recognized animals as belonging to one of four forms  - Vertebrata, Mollusca, Articulata (arthropods) and radially shaped animals (Radiata). image from http://www.buffalolib.org/content/milestones-science/georges-cuvierDarwin argues that the hierarchical system of classification mirrors his idea that new species formation mirrors the pattern of inheritance and genealogy we see in family tree.   A nice example is the phylogeny of placental mammals, those are mammals different from marsupial mammals (kangaroos, opossums, etc.) and monotremes (egg laying mammals like platypus)  in that they retain the embryo internally in a placental sac where they feed and protect the developing embryo. Placental mammals represent the majority of extant species of mammals today and seem to have evolved from three major geographical locations - Africa, Laurasia and South America. This is a a beautiful artistic representation of the placental mammal phylogenetic tree.http://eurwentala.deviantart.com/art/Eutheria-345487389A comparison of early development of placental mammals from the Afrotheria clade (left most branch) shows similarities and divergences in the different types of mammals. [A.. Tenrec [tenrecoidea], B. Golden mole [Chrysochloridae] C. Elephant shrew [Macroscelididae] D. aardvark [Tubulidentata] E. Bush elephant [Proboscidae] F. dugong [Sirenia] G. hyrax [Hyracoidea] Image from Hautier, Lionel, et al. "Patterns of ossification in southern versus northern placental mammals." Evolution 67.7 (2013): 1994-2010.Modern phylogeny and classification is based on Darwin's ideas of descent with modification and we now use DNA, RNA, and protein sequences to expand and improve our understanding of the relatedness of organismsEmbryology We have seen that the members of the same class, independently of their habits of life, resemble each other in the general plan of their organisation. This resemblance is often expressed by the term "unity of type;" or by saying that the several parts and organs in the different species of the class are homologous. The whole subject is included under the general term of Morphology. This is one of the most interesting departments of natural history, and may almost be said to be its very soul. What can be more curious than that the hand of a man, formed for grasping, that of a mole for digging, the leg of the horse, the paddle of the porpoise, and the wing of the bat, should all be constructed on the same pattern, and should include similar bones, in the same relative positions? Homologous bone structure of tetrapod limbsJames attempted to differentiate homologous structures from analogous structures but showed how complicated it can be when discussing flying adaptations in mammals. As you can see in the figure above, the limbs of birds, bats, humans, seals and turtles contain the same bones in the same configuration making them homologous in morphology. What changes in the relative size to each other not their relative position. In vertebrates, the evolution of powered flight occurred independently three times - in Pterosaurs (reptiles), bats (mammals), and birds (again reptiles) so their wings are functionally analogoussince they are wings constructed of different specific materials. James erroneously said that the pterodactyl wing was from a super elongated index finger but in fact it is the 4th digit what we associate with the pinky finger.  We colored the figure below of a pterodactyl wing to conform to the color legend in the figure above. Embryology Earnst Haeckel was a famous scientist in Darwin's time who applied Darwin's idea of the evolution of organisms in his studies of the embryonic stages of chordatesAs Sarah mentioned this set of illustrations were updated but the overall conclusion does not differ. Follow this link to read a wonderful summary of the Haeckel embryo controversy with modern drawings and interpretation. Overall embryo development does show that chordates exhibit very similar and distinct stages of development whereas the adult forms can be quite different in form.Rudimentary Organs Humans exhibit a number of traits, that we see in other mammals, but are degraded or rudimentary in their form. Some classic examples we discussed were the coccyx (tail bone), wisdom teeth and appendix but failed to mention the degrading nictating membrane in the corner of our eyes. In other chordates it is semitransparent film that can over the eye to clean and protect it. Ours is reduced to a little nubbin in the corner of our eye.http://www.bio.miami.edu/dana/pix/nictitans.jpgThe opening and closing theme to Discovering Darwin is "May" by Jared C. Balogh. http://freemusicarchive.org/music/Balogh/Revitalized_Eyes/MAY interlude music is Otrov by Black Bear Combo http://freemusicarchive.org/music/Black_Bear_Combo/

Let us now see whether the several facts and laws relating to the geological succession of organic beings accord best with the common view of the immutability of species, or with that of their slow and gradual modification, through variation and natural selection.In this episode we explore Chapter XI that deals with the fossil record and how patterns in the fossil record fit with Darwin's model of descent with modification. We begin the discussion with Darwin's views on extinction and how this phenomenon is part of his model of evolution. Sarah introduced the idea that extinction occurs at two different rates - normal background rate of extinction where species themselves have a measured lifespan based on how long they exist in the fossil record. Current analysis of the fossil record indicates that many species persist for a period of time and then go extinct. From this  data scientists calculate an average lifespan for a species - That is, how long in the geological record does a species typically persist? Many authors have written about this idea and many of their findings have been summarized in Extinction Rates, a book edited by J. Lawton, and R. May (1995).Generally species lifespans are varied and biased by the size of the organisms. Small unicellular marine dinoflagellates have species "lifespans" in the 10's million years whereas large multicellular Cenozoic animals had a species 'lifespan" of 1-2 million years. These normal background rates of extinctions in the fossil record are punctuated by five massive extinction events where 75%-96% of all species went extinct. Sarah mentioned the dramatic "soot' line that demarcated the mass extinction event called the K-Pg (formally called the K-T) extinction event that occurred 66 million years ago. This extinction event was correlated with a thin layer of metal iridium that is visually and chemically distinct from rock material layers above and below the line. This layer was now thought to be have been created when a small asteroid impacted the earth near the Yucatan peninsula contributing to massive habitat destruction and climate change. These massive changes in climate are thought to have contributed to the extinction of all non-avian dinosaurs.image from http://waynesword.palomar.edu/images2/KT1c.jpgSarah recommended a book on extinctions by Peter Ward called Under a Green Sky: Global Warming, the Mass Extinctions of the Past, and What They Can Tell Us About Our Future (Harper 2008). Affinities of past to current organismsLet us now look to the mutual affinities of extinct and living species. All fall into a few grand classes; and this fact is at once explained on the principle of descent.We discussed how many of the organisms in the fossil record can be directly related to species we see today - the wide array of extinct elephants themselves are a dramatic example of extinct forms being related to extant forms today.image from http://img13.deviantart.net/1309/i/2015/120/9/7/elephants_by_fotostomias-d34pdf2.jpgJames spent some time explaining the background story of the archeopteryx fossil that was found in 1861 in Germany just after Darwin published Origin of Species. Photograph: Jason Edwards/Getty Images On the photo above notice the fingers on the wing and the long bony tail that extends off of the pelvis region. Museums are now creating displays that highlight the feathered dinosaurs that have been found in the past 10 years.  In 2016 the American Museum of Natural History opened a display that highlighted many new feathered dinosaurs.http://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/18/arts/design/fine-feathered-fiends-dinosaurs-among-us-at-the-american-museum-of-natural-history.html The relationship between organisms we see today to extinct versions in the fossil record is one of the stronger pieces of evidence that supports Darwin's model of descent with modification. In the next episode we will discuss how this relationship between extinct and extant organisms is actually restricted geographically, that is the mammals in the fossil record of South America are similar to the mammals you find in South America today, whereas they are different from those mammals you find, either in the fossil record or living, in Europe, Africa, Australia or Asia. Ontongeny Recapitulates PhylogenyJosh introduced the idea that embryos of organisms can reveal their evolutionary past since they often exhibit structures during development that are more fitting to earlier evolutionary forms. It was formally developed by the famous biologist Ernst Haeckel (1834-1919) in which he argued that organisms have developmental stages that represent earlier stages of their evolutionary heritage. By Romanes, G. J. - Romanes, G. J. (1892). Darwin and After Darwin. Open Court, Chicago., Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=823180Although the drawing above has been discredited because Haeckel was said to have taken liberties in scale and overly emphasizing some structures, it is clear that early embryonic stages of many chordates exhibit clear gill arches and a well developed tail that becomes greatly reduced or lost during development. Josh queried us about what type of tail we would most prefer - foxy tail was by the far the best choice. interlude music ishttp://freemusicarchive.org/music/Latch_Swing/demo_2008/Rythme_Gitan

Nick Hopwood‘s Haeckel's Embryos: Images, Evolution, and Fraud (University of Chicago Press, 2015) blends textual and visual analysis to answer the question of how images succeed or fail. Hopwood is Reader in History of Science at Cambridge University, and creator on the online exhibition “Making Visible Embryos,” which display some of the images from the book. Hopwood's ambitious book retraces the social life of drawings of embryos first produced in 1868 by the German embryologist Ernst Haeckel. The book follows the turbulent travels of the images across 150 years and three countries. Some of the perennial controversy surrounding the images centered on debates about Darwinism, for in them Haeckel drew the development of human embryos alongside that of other animals and, in retrospect, seemed to illustrate his famous claim that “ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny.” But Hopwood argues that, while Haeckel's reputation has continued to suffer from repeated allegations of fraud, his images have actually thrived on controversy, appearing in 2010, for example, on the cover of Nature magazine. Hopwood's far-reaching and intricate analysis explains how one of the most controversial images in the history of science–namely, Haeckel's embryo grid–has also been one of its most successful. The book is an essential study in the history of images and is itself a masterpiece of visual argument. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Nick Hopwood‘s Haeckel's Embryos: Images, Evolution, and Fraud (University of Chicago Press, 2015) blends textual and visual analysis to answer the question of how images succeed or fail. Hopwood is Reader in History of Science at Cambridge University, and creator on the online exhibition “Making Visible Embryos,” which display some of the images from the book. Hopwood's ambitious book retraces the social life of drawings of embryos first produced in 1868 by the German embryologist Ernst Haeckel. The book follows the turbulent travels of the images across 150 years and three countries. Some of the perennial controversy surrounding the images centered on debates about Darwinism, for in them Haeckel drew the development of human embryos alongside that of other animals and, in retrospect, seemed to illustrate his famous claim that “ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny.” But Hopwood argues that, while Haeckel's reputation has continued to suffer from repeated allegations of fraud, his images have actually thrived on controversy, appearing in 2010, for example, on the cover of Nature magazine. Hopwood's far-reaching and intricate analysis explains how one of the most controversial images in the history of science–namely, Haeckel's embryo grid–has also been one of its most successful. The book is an essential study in the history of images and is itself a masterpiece of visual argument. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Nick Hopwood‘s Haeckel's Embryos: Images, Evolution, and Fraud (University of Chicago Press, 2015) blends textual and visual analysis to answer the question of how images succeed or fail. Hopwood is Reader in History of Science at Cambridge University, and creator on the online exhibition “Making Visible Embryos,” which display some of the images from the book. Hopwood's ambitious book retraces the social life of drawings of embryos first produced in 1868 by the German embryologist Ernst Haeckel. The book follows the turbulent travels of the images across 150 years and three countries. Some of the perennial controversy surrounding the images centered on debates about Darwinism, for in them Haeckel drew the development of human embryos alongside that of other animals and, in retrospect, seemed to illustrate his famous claim that “ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny.” But Hopwood argues that, while Haeckel's reputation has continued to suffer from repeated allegations of fraud, his images have actually thrived on controversy, appearing in 2010, for example, on the cover of Nature magazine. Hopwood's far-reaching and intricate analysis explains how one of the most controversial images in the history of science–namely, Haeckel's embryo grid–has also been one of its most successful. The book is an essential study in the history of images and is itself a masterpiece of visual argument. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/medicine

Nick Hopwood‘s Haeckel’s Embryos: Images, Evolution, and Fraud (University of Chicago Press, 2015) blends textual and visual analysis to answer the question of how images succeed or fail. Hopwood is Reader in History of Science at Cambridge University, and creator on the online exhibition “Making Visible Embryos,” which display some of the images from the book. Hopwood’s ambitious book retraces the social life of drawings of embryos first produced in 1868 by the German embryologist Ernst Haeckel. The book follows the turbulent travels of the images across 150 years and three countries. Some of the perennial controversy surrounding the images centered on debates about Darwinism, for in them Haeckel drew the development of human embryos alongside that of other animals and, in retrospect, seemed to illustrate his famous claim that “ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny.” But Hopwood argues that, while Haeckel’s reputation has continued to suffer from repeated allegations of fraud, his images have actually thrived on controversy, appearing in 2010, for example, on the cover of Nature magazine. Hopwood’s far-reaching and intricate analysis explains how one of the most controversial images in the history of science–namely, Haeckel’s embryo grid–has also been one of its most successful. The book is an essential study in the history of images and is itself a masterpiece of visual argument. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Nick Hopwood‘s Haeckel’s Embryos: Images, Evolution, and Fraud (University of Chicago Press, 2015) blends textual and visual analysis to answer the question of how images succeed or fail. Hopwood is Reader in History of Science at Cambridge University, and creator on the online exhibition “Making Visible Embryos,” which display some of the images from the book. Hopwood’s ambitious book retraces the social life of drawings of embryos first produced in 1868 by the German embryologist Ernst Haeckel. The book follows the turbulent travels of the images across 150 years and three countries. Some of the perennial controversy surrounding the images centered on debates about Darwinism, for in them Haeckel drew the development of human embryos alongside that of other animals and, in retrospect, seemed to illustrate his famous claim that “ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny.” But Hopwood argues that, while Haeckel’s reputation has continued to suffer from repeated allegations of fraud, his images have actually thrived on controversy, appearing in 2010, for example, on the cover of Nature magazine. Hopwood’s far-reaching and intricate analysis explains how one of the most controversial images in the history of science–namely, Haeckel’s embryo grid–has also been one of its most successful. The book is an essential study in the history of images and is itself a masterpiece of visual argument. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Nick Hopwood‘s Haeckel’s Embryos: Images, Evolution, and Fraud (University of Chicago Press, 2015) blends textual and visual analysis to answer the question of how images succeed or fail. Hopwood is Reader in History of Science at Cambridge University, and creator on the online exhibition “Making Visible Embryos,” which display some of the images from the book. Hopwood’s ambitious book retraces the social life of drawings of embryos first produced in 1868 by the German embryologist Ernst Haeckel. The book follows the turbulent travels of the images across 150 years and three countries. Some of the perennial controversy surrounding the images centered on debates about Darwinism, for in them Haeckel drew the development of human embryos alongside that of other animals and, in retrospect, seemed to illustrate his famous claim that “ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny.” But Hopwood argues that, while Haeckel’s reputation has continued to suffer from repeated allegations of fraud, his images have actually thrived on controversy, appearing in 2010, for example, on the cover of Nature magazine. Hopwood’s far-reaching and intricate analysis explains how one of the most controversial images in the history of science–namely, Haeckel’s embryo grid–has also been one of its most successful. The book is an essential study in the history of images and is itself a masterpiece of visual argument. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Nick Hopwood‘s Haeckel’s Embryos: Images, Evolution, and Fraud (University of Chicago Press, 2015) blends textual and visual analysis to answer the question of how images succeed or fail. Hopwood is Reader in History of Science at Cambridge University, and creator on the online exhibition “Making Visible Embryos,” which display some of the images from the book. Hopwood’s ambitious book retraces the social life of drawings of embryos first produced in 1868 by the German embryologist Ernst Haeckel. The book follows the turbulent travels of the images across 150 years and three countries. Some of the perennial controversy surrounding the images centered on debates about Darwinism, for in them Haeckel drew the development of human embryos alongside that of other animals and, in retrospect, seemed to illustrate his famous claim that “ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny.” But Hopwood argues that, while Haeckel’s reputation has continued to suffer from repeated allegations of fraud, his images have actually thrived on controversy, appearing in 2010, for example, on the cover of Nature magazine. Hopwood’s far-reaching and intricate analysis explains how one of the most controversial images in the history of science–namely, Haeckel’s embryo grid–has also been one of its most successful. The book is an essential study in the history of images and is itself a masterpiece of visual argument. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Nick Hopwood‘s Haeckel’s Embryos: Images, Evolution, and Fraud (University of Chicago Press, 2015) blends textual and visual analysis to answer the question of how images succeed or fail. Hopwood is Reader in History of Science at Cambridge University, and creator on the online exhibition “Making Visible Embryos,” which display some of the images from the book. Hopwood’s ambitious book retraces the social life of drawings of embryos first produced in 1868 by the German embryologist Ernst Haeckel. The book follows the turbulent travels of the images across 150 years and three countries. Some of the perennial controversy surrounding the images centered on debates about Darwinism, for in them Haeckel drew the development of human embryos alongside that of other animals and, in retrospect, seemed to illustrate his famous claim that “ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny.” But Hopwood argues that, while Haeckel’s reputation has continued to suffer from repeated allegations of fraud, his images have actually thrived on controversy, appearing in 2010, for example, on the cover of Nature magazine. Hopwood’s far-reaching and intricate analysis explains how one of the most controversial images in the history of science–namely, Haeckel’s embryo grid–has also been one of its most successful. The book is an essential study in the history of images and is itself a masterpiece of visual argument. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

As we thought, this became the longest episode we have recorded yet but then again, we had a lot to cover. Chapter IV is the part of Origin of Species where Darwin outlines how he believes natural selection, over long periods of time, can generate new species. It is a rich and complex chapter and our wide-ranging conversation explored a large number of the issues Darwin brings forth in the chapter.We discussed at great length the variety of ideas that Darwin encapsulates within the only figure in the book. James mentioned how Darwin first sketched the figure in his notebook B - Transmutation of Species with the understated "I think" title followed with "Case must be that one generation then should be as many living as now. To do this & to have many species in same genus (as is) requires extinction. Thus between A & B immense gap of relation. C & B the finest gradation, B & D rather greater distinction."   Image from Original Notebook at Darwin Online. Ultimately this image became refined for Origin of Species to look like this -In our discussion we noted that this image represents ideas like: a large number of extinction events, the lack of predictable direction in evolutionary change, no change (E & F), increase in species numbers, differential rates of evolution as indicated by the slope of the lines radiating out at a specified time era (e.g., era IV, z4), and that species can converge in character traits (e.g., how f lineage shifts to look like extinct d lineage). A larger version of the figure can be found here. Sarah noted how human evolution phylogenetic tree can show the same sort of pruned bushiness that Darwin represented in his figure. This figure is from the Smithsonian and is an interactive figure at their site that is worth checking out.Interestingly there has been recent researchers who reject the evolutionary tree model for human evolution. Instead of the classic tree structure they note that the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) analysis suggests all modern humans can be traced back to African ancestors who dispersed out of Africa only 100,000 years ago. However, those various subspecies of humans interbred and migrated back into Africa thereby creating a more reticulated, "trellis" evolutionary relationship than the classic branching independent lineages as represented in a tree. Follow this link to read a nice summary of the alternative view with a figure to illustrate the trellis view of human evolution. Sarah mentioned how quickly other scientists adopted Darwin's tree model to represent relatedness and she noted how the embryologist Ernst Haeckel drew up a phenomenal evolutionary tree. To truly appreciate this tree  you should see it in a larger format. We also discussed the rapid evolution of the Hawthorn maggot fly and its shift to feeding on introduced Apples and how that resulted in two populations with little genetic exchange between them. It is a beautiful house fly sized insect with painted wings which they flick to mimic the movement of jumping spiders. Photo Copyright © 2013 Harvey Schmidthttp://bugguide.net/node/view/817659Do you see the jumping spider in its wings?At the end of the podcast we attempted to read the epic opening sentence in Darwin's summary in a way that brings the words to life. Here it is for you to try.If under changing conditions of life organic beings present individual differences in almost every part of their structure, and this cannot be disputed; if there be, owing to their geometrical rate of increase, a severe struggle for life at some age, season, or year, and this certainly cannot be disputed; then, considering the infinite complexity of the relations of all organic beings to each other and to their conditions of life, causing an infinite diversity in structure, constitution, and habits, to be advantageous to them, it would be a most extraordinary fact if no variations had ever occurred useful to each being's own welfare, in the same manner as so many variations have occurred useful to man.

An interdisciplinary discussion of Kirsten Shepherd-Barr's book Kirsten Shepherd-Barr (Associate Professor of Modern Drama, University of Oxford) discusses her book Theatre and Evolution from Ibsen to Beckett with Michael Billington (Theatre Critic, The Guardian), Morten Kringlebach (Associate Professor and Senior Research Fellow, Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford) and Laura Marcus (Goldsmiths' Professor of English Literature). About the book: Evolutionary theory made its stage debut as early as the 1840s, reflecting a scientific advancement that was fast changing the world. Tracing this development in dozens of mainstream European and American plays, as well as in circus, vaudeville, pantomime, and "missing link" performances, Theatre and Evolution from Ibsen to Beckett reveals the deep, transformative entanglement among science, art, and culture in modern times. The stage proved to be no mere handmaiden to evolutionary science, though, often resisting and altering the ideas at its core. Many dramatists cast suspicion on the arguments of evolutionary theory and rejected its claims, even as they entertained its thrilling possibilities. Engaging directly with the relation of science and culture, this book considers the influence of not only Darwin but also Lamarck, Chambers, Spencer, Wallace, Haeckel, de Vries, and other evolutionists on 150 years of theater. It shares significant new insights into the work of Ibsen, Shaw, Wilder, and Beckett, and writes female playwrights, such as Susan Glaspell and Elizabeth Baker, into the theatrical record, unpacking their dramatic explorations of biological determinism, gender essentialism, the maternal instinct, and the "cult of motherhood." It is likely that more people encountered evolution at the theater than through any other art form in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Considering the liveliness and immediacy of the theater and its reliance on a diverse community of spectators and the power that entails, this book is a key text for grasping the extent of the public's adaptation to the new theory and the legacy of its representation on the perceived legitimacy (or illegitimacy) of scientific work.

In his new collection of wonderfully engaging and provocative set of essays on Darwin and Darwinians, Robert J. Richards explores the history of biology and so much more. The eight essays collected in Was Hitler a Darwinian?: Disputed Questions in the History of Evolutionary Theory (University of Chicago Press, 2013), include reflections on Darwin's theories of natural selection and divergence, Ernst Haeckel's life and work, the evolutionary ideas of Herbert Spencer, the linguistic theories of August Schleicher, and the historical tendency to relate Hitler's Nazism to Darwinian evolutionary theory. Individually, the essays are models of close and careful reading of the documentary traces of the life and work of Darwin, Haeckel, and others, and include some exceptionally affecting and tragic moments. Many of them touch on evolutionary theory's moral character, its roots in Romanticism, and its conception of mankind. In addition to offering a fascinating set of case studies in the history of biology, the essays and appendices also collectively raise some important questions about how historians understand the past and bring it into narrative existence. What kind of thing is the past? What sets the history of science apart from other historical disciplines? Is it reasonable to use contemporary science to help construe the past? What is a scientific theory and where is it located? What does it mean to ask (and what might it look like to carefully answer) a question like, Was Hitler a Darwinian? The essays in Richards' collection are wonderfully reflective considerations that reward the time and attention of both specialists in the history of biology and thoughtful general readers alike. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In his new collection of wonderfully engaging and provocative set of essays on Darwin and Darwinians, Robert J. Richards explores the history of biology and so much more. The eight essays collected in Was Hitler a Darwinian?: Disputed Questions in the History of Evolutionary Theory (University of Chicago Press, 2013), include reflections on Darwin's theories of natural selection and divergence, Ernst Haeckel's life and work, the evolutionary ideas of Herbert Spencer, the linguistic theories of August Schleicher, and the historical tendency to relate Hitler's Nazism to Darwinian evolutionary theory. Individually, the essays are models of close and careful reading of the documentary traces of the life and work of Darwin, Haeckel, and others, and include some exceptionally affecting and tragic moments. Many of them touch on evolutionary theory's moral character, its roots in Romanticism, and its conception of mankind. In addition to offering a fascinating set of case studies in the history of biology, the essays and appendices also collectively raise some important questions about how historians understand the past and bring it into narrative existence. What kind of thing is the past? What sets the history of science apart from other historical disciplines? Is it reasonable to use contemporary science to help construe the past? What is a scientific theory and where is it located? What does it mean to ask (and what might it look like to carefully answer) a question like, Was Hitler a Darwinian? The essays in Richards' collection are wonderfully reflective considerations that reward the time and attention of both specialists in the history of biology and thoughtful general readers alike. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In his new collection of wonderfully engaging and provocative set of essays on Darwin and Darwinians, Robert J. Richards explores the history of biology and so much more. The eight essays collected in Was Hitler a Darwinian?: Disputed Questions in the History of Evolutionary Theory (University of Chicago Press, 2013), include reflections on  Darwin’s theories of natural selection and divergence, Ernst Haeckel’s life and work, the evolutionary ideas of Herbert Spencer, the linguistic theories of August Schleicher, and the historical tendency to relate Hitler’s Nazism to Darwinian evolutionary theory. Individually, the essays are models of close and careful reading of the documentary traces of the life and work of Darwin, Haeckel, and others, and include some exceptionally affecting and tragic moments. Many of them touch on evolutionary theory’s moral character, its roots in Romanticism, and its conception of mankind. In addition to offering a fascinating set of case studies in the history of biology, the essays and appendices also collectively raise some important questions about how historians understand the past and bring it into narrative existence. What kind of thing is the past? What sets the history of science apart from other historical disciplines? Is it reasonable to use contemporary science to help construe the past? What is a scientific theory and where is it located? What does it mean to ask (and what might it look like to carefully answer) a question like, Was Hitler a Darwinian? The essays in Richards’ collection are wonderfully reflective considerations that reward the time and attention of both specialists in the history of biology and thoughtful general readers alike. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In his new collection of wonderfully engaging and provocative set of essays on Darwin and Darwinians, Robert J. Richards explores the history of biology and so much more. The eight essays collected in Was Hitler a Darwinian?: Disputed Questions in the History of Evolutionary Theory (University of Chicago Press, 2013), include reflections on  Darwin’s theories of natural selection and divergence, Ernst Haeckel’s life and work, the evolutionary ideas of Herbert Spencer, the linguistic theories of August Schleicher, and the historical tendency to relate Hitler’s Nazism to Darwinian evolutionary theory. Individually, the essays are models of close and careful reading of the documentary traces of the life and work of Darwin, Haeckel, and others, and include some exceptionally affecting and tragic moments. Many of them touch on evolutionary theory’s moral character, its roots in Romanticism, and its conception of mankind. In addition to offering a fascinating set of case studies in the history of biology, the essays and appendices also collectively raise some important questions about how historians understand the past and bring it into narrative existence. What kind of thing is the past? What sets the history of science apart from other historical disciplines? Is it reasonable to use contemporary science to help construe the past? What is a scientific theory and where is it located? What does it mean to ask (and what might it look like to carefully answer) a question like, Was Hitler a Darwinian? The essays in Richards’ collection are wonderfully reflective considerations that reward the time and attention of both specialists in the history of biology and thoughtful general readers alike. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In his new collection of wonderfully engaging and provocative set of essays on Darwin and Darwinians, Robert J. Richards explores the history of biology and so much more. The eight essays collected in Was Hitler a Darwinian?: Disputed Questions in the History of Evolutionary Theory (University of Chicago Press, 2013), include reflections on  Darwin’s theories of natural selection and divergence, Ernst Haeckel’s life and work, the evolutionary ideas of Herbert Spencer, the linguistic theories of August Schleicher, and the historical tendency to relate Hitler’s Nazism to Darwinian evolutionary theory. Individually, the essays are models of close and careful reading of the documentary traces of the life and work of Darwin, Haeckel, and others, and include some exceptionally affecting and tragic moments. Many of them touch on evolutionary theory’s moral character, its roots in Romanticism, and its conception of mankind. In addition to offering a fascinating set of case studies in the history of biology, the essays and appendices also collectively raise some important questions about how historians understand the past and bring it into narrative existence. What kind of thing is the past? What sets the history of science apart from other historical disciplines? Is it reasonable to use contemporary science to help construe the past? What is a scientific theory and where is it located? What does it mean to ask (and what might it look like to carefully answer) a question like, Was Hitler a Darwinian? The essays in Richards’ collection are wonderfully reflective considerations that reward the time and attention of both specialists in the history of biology and thoughtful general readers alike. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In his new collection of wonderfully engaging and provocative set of essays on Darwin and Darwinians, Robert J. Richards explores the history of biology and so much more. The eight essays collected in Was Hitler a Darwinian?: Disputed Questions in the History of Evolutionary Theory (University of Chicago Press, 2013), include reflections on  Darwin’s theories of natural selection and divergence, Ernst Haeckel’s life and work, the evolutionary ideas of Herbert Spencer, the linguistic theories of August Schleicher, and the historical tendency to relate Hitler’s Nazism to Darwinian evolutionary theory. Individually, the essays are models of close and careful reading of the documentary traces of the life and work of Darwin, Haeckel, and others, and include some exceptionally affecting and tragic moments. Many of them touch on evolutionary theory’s moral character, its roots in Romanticism, and its conception of mankind. In addition to offering a fascinating set of case studies in the history of biology, the essays and appendices also collectively raise some important questions about how historians understand the past and bring it into narrative existence. What kind of thing is the past? What sets the history of science apart from other historical disciplines? Is it reasonable to use contemporary science to help construe the past? What is a scientific theory and where is it located? What does it mean to ask (and what might it look like to carefully answer) a question like, Was Hitler a Darwinian? The essays in Richards’ collection are wonderfully reflective considerations that reward the time and attention of both specialists in the history of biology and thoughtful general readers alike. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In his new collection of wonderfully engaging and provocative set of essays on Darwin and Darwinians, Robert J. Richards explores the history of biology and so much more. The eight essays collected in Was Hitler a Darwinian?: Disputed Questions in the History of Evolutionary Theory (University of Chicago Press, 2013), include reflections on  Darwin’s theories of natural selection and divergence, Ernst Haeckel’s life and work, the evolutionary ideas of Herbert Spencer, the linguistic theories of August Schleicher, and the historical tendency to relate Hitler’s Nazism to Darwinian evolutionary theory. Individually, the essays are models of close and careful reading of the documentary traces of the life and work of Darwin, Haeckel, and others, and include some exceptionally affecting and tragic moments. Many of them touch on evolutionary theory’s moral character, its roots in Romanticism, and its conception of mankind. In addition to offering a fascinating set of case studies in the history of biology, the essays and appendices also collectively raise some important questions about how historians understand the past and bring it into narrative existence. What kind of thing is the past? What sets the history of science apart from other historical disciplines? Is it reasonable to use contemporary science to help construe the past? What is a scientific theory and where is it located? What does it mean to ask (and what might it look like to carefully answer) a question like, Was Hitler a Darwinian? The essays in Richards’ collection are wonderfully reflective considerations that reward the time and attention of both specialists in the history of biology and thoughtful general readers alike. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In his new collection of wonderfully engaging and provocative set of essays on Darwin and Darwinians, Robert J. Richards explores the history of biology and so much more. The eight essays collected in Was Hitler a Darwinian?: Disputed Questions in the History of Evolutionary Theory (University of Chicago Press, 2013), include reflections on  Darwin’s theories of natural selection and divergence, Ernst Haeckel’s life and work, the evolutionary ideas of Herbert Spencer, the linguistic theories of August Schleicher, and the historical tendency to relate Hitler’s Nazism to Darwinian evolutionary theory. Individually, the essays are models of close and careful reading of the documentary traces of the life and work of Darwin, Haeckel, and others, and include some exceptionally affecting and tragic moments. Many of them touch on evolutionary theory’s moral character, its roots in Romanticism, and its conception of mankind. In addition to offering a fascinating set of case studies in the history of biology, the essays and appendices also collectively raise some important questions about how historians understand the past and bring it into narrative existence. What kind of thing is the past? What sets the history of science apart from other historical disciplines? Is it reasonable to use contemporary science to help construe the past? What is a scientific theory and where is it located? What does it mean to ask (and what might it look like to carefully answer) a question like, Was Hitler a Darwinian? The essays in Richards’ collection are wonderfully reflective considerations that reward the time and attention of both specialists in the history of biology and thoughtful general readers alike. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Perhaps one of the most overlooked areas of palaeontology, within the public eye, is micropalaeontology. Micropalaeontology is an umbrella discipline, covering a diverse range of organisms, with representatives from many of the highest level biological groupings. Although small in size, microfossils prove invaluable for research into palaeoclimatology and are also one of the most commercially applicable groups of fossils. In this interview we speak to Dr. Giles Miller, Senior Curator of Micropalaeontology at the Natural History Museum (NHM). As each individual group of microfossils could warrant an entire series, this episode serves as an introduction to micropalaeontology. We discuss what it is and some of its applications, all within the context of how the micropalaeontology collection at the NHM is used.

Si comincia dunque. La prima puntata è un'introduzione agli argomenti che tratteremo e fa un "volo d'uccello" sulle tematiche che vogliamo affrontare. Si inizia con l'evoluzionismo, tra le delirazioni di De Mattei, vicepresidente creazionista del CNR, e la ricomparsa della legge di Haeckel. Si continua con la chimica ed i nuovi superatomi magnetici per andare a parare dalle parti della Bioetica e delle novità in fatto di utilizzo delle staminali negli Stati Uniti.La puntata si conclude con una riflessione sui meccanismi di pubblicazione delle ricerche scientifiche per poi andare a concludere con la curiosa storia dei popcorn che si fanno da soli in caso di radiazioni. Ovviamente una bufala bella e buona.

Secondo Charles Darwin, Alexander von Humboldt (1769-1859) ?? il pi? grande esploratore di tutti i tempi?. In effetti, la sua vita, quasi centenaria, fu una vera avventura, sia scientifica che intellettuale. Dal 1799 al 1804 esplor? il bacino dell?Orinoco, la Cordigliera andina, il Messico e Cuba. Tornato in Europa pubblic? i dati fisici, naturalistici, economici e politici raccolti nel nuovo continente in Voyage aux r?gions ?quinoxiales du Nouveau Continent, una monumentale opera con la quale gett? le basi delle moderne scienze naturali e dell?americanistica. Nel 1829, a sessant?anni, si spinse nella Russia asiatica, oltre gli Urali, fino alla frontiera con la Mongolia. Conobbe Federico il Grande, Napoleone e il Presidente Jefferson. Fu amico di Goethe, Schiller, Gay-Lussac, Volta e Gauss. La sua opera e il suo esempio di naturalista-esploratore contribuirono a far nascere in Darwin, Wallace, Haeckel e in molti altri scienziati di entrambi gli emisferi, l?amore per la scienza e per la ricerca naturalistica ?sul campo?. Infine, in Kosmos Humboldt ?affresca?, nella sua grandiosa unit? cosmica, ?tutto il mondo fisico, tutto ci? che sappiamo dei fenomeni celesti e terrestri?. Un giorno Goethe disse che una settimana sui libri non equivaleva a un?ora di conversazione con Humboldt. Solo chi ha letto Humboldt pu? comprendere appieno e condividere questo entusiastico giudizio.

Colloque de rentrée 2009 du Collège de France Darwin a deux cents ans Sous la présidence de Jacques Reisse, Université libre de Bruxelles Chris Bowler, École normale supérieure Haeckel et l'évolution, le point de vue des diatomées Vincent Colot, École normale supérieure L'épigénétique au travers des générations : simple bizarrerie ou moteur de l'adaptation ? Luis Quintana-Murci, Institut Pasteur et CNRS Génétique, histoire de l'homme et sélection naturelle

Colloque de rentrée 2009 du Collège de France Darwin a deux cents ans Sous la présidence de Jacques Reisse, Université libre de Bruxelles Chris Bowler, École normale supérieure Haeckel et l'évolution, le point de vue des diatomées Vincent Colot, École normale supérieure L'épigénétique au travers des générations : simple bizarrerie ou moteur de l'adaptation ? Luis Quintana-Murci, Institut Pasteur et CNRS Génétique, histoire de l'homme et sélection naturelle

Colloque de rentrée 2009 du Collège de France Darwin a deux cents ans Sous la présidence de Jacques Reisse, Université libre de Bruxelles Chris Bowler, École normale supérieure Haeckel et l'évolution, le point de vue des diatomées Vincent Colot, École normale supérieure L'épigénétique au travers des générations : simple bizarrerie ou moteur de l'adaptation ? Luis Quintana-Murci, Institut Pasteur et CNRS Génétique, histoire de l'homme et sélection naturelle

Colloque de rentrée 2009 du Collège de France Darwin a deux cents ans Sous la présidence de Jacques Reisse, Université libre de Bruxelles Chris Bowler, École normale supérieure Haeckel et l'évolution, le point de vue des diatomées Vincent Colot, École normale supérieure L'épigénétique au travers des générations : simple bizarrerie ou moteur de l'adaptation ? Luis Quintana-Murci, Institut Pasteur et CNRS Génétique, histoire de l'homme et sélection naturelle

Colloque de rentrée 2009 du Collège de France Darwin a deux cents ans Sous la présidence de Jacques Reisse, Université libre de Bruxelles Chris Bowler, École normale supérieure Haeckel et l'évolution, le point de vue des diatomées Vincent Colot, École normale supérieure L'épigénétique au travers des générations : simple bizarrerie ou moteur de l'adaptation ? Luis Quintana-Murci, Institut Pasteur et CNRS Génétique, histoire de l'homme et sélection naturelle

Colloque de rentrée 2009 du Collège de France Darwin a deux cents ans Sous la présidence de Jacques Reisse, Université libre de Bruxelles Chris Bowler, École normale supérieure Haeckel et l'évolution, le point de vue des diatomées Vincent Colot, École normale supérieure L'épigénétique au travers des générations : simple bizarrerie ou moteur de l'adaptation ? Luis Quintana-Murci, Institut Pasteur et CNRS Génétique, histoire de l'homme et sélection naturelle

The title of this episode of CS is Liberal.The term “modern” as it relates to the story of history, has been treated differently by dozens of authors, historians, and sociologists. Generally speaking, Modernization is the process by which agricultural and rural traditions morph into an industrial, technological, and urban milieu that tends to be democratic, pluralistic, socialist, and/or individualistic.In the minds of many, the process of modernization is evidence of the validity of evolution. The idea is that evolution not only applies to the increasing complexity and adaptation of biological life, it also applies sociologically to civilization and human systems. They too are evolving. So, progress is good; a sign of societal evolution.But critics of modernization decry the abuses it often creates. Not all modern innovations are beneficial. The increased emphasis on individual rights can weaken a person's sense of belonging to and identity in a family and community. It weakens loyalty to valuable traditions and customs. Modernization builds new weapons that may encourage their inventors to assume they're superior, then use them to subjugate and dominate those they deem inferior, appropriating their land and resources.Modernization is often linked to a creeping secularization, a turning away from theistic religion. Periodic revivals are viewed as just momentary blips in societal evolution; temporary distractions in progress toward the realization of the Enlightenment dream of a totally secular society.It was during the 19th C that the rationalist ideas of the Enlightenment finally moved out of the halls of academia to settle in as the status quo for European society. Christians found themselves caught up in a world of mind-numbing change. Their cherished beliefs were assailed by hostile critics. Authors like Marx and Nietzsche attacked the Christian Faith from a base in Darwin's popular new theory.In an attempt to accommodate Faith and Reason, Ludwig Feuerbach, author of The Essence of Christianity, published in 1841, reduced the idea of God to that of a man. He said God is really just the projection of specific human qualities raised to the level of perfection.In 1855, Ludwig Büchner suggested that science dispensed with the need for supernaturalism. A materialist, he was one of the first to say that the advent of modern science meant there was no longer a need to explain phenomena by appealing to the miraculous or some ethereal spiritual realm. No such realm existed, except in the minds of those who refused to accept what science proved. He said, “The power of spirits and gods dissolve in the hands of science.”During the last half of the 19th C, Frederic Nietzsche made the case for atheism. Son of a Lutheran pastor, Nietzsche received an education in theology and philology at the Universities of Bonn and Leipzig.An amateur musician, Nietzsche became friends with composer Richard Wagner, who like Nietzsche, admired the atheist Schopenhauer.In Nietzsche's philosophy, we see the fruit of something we looked at in an earlier episode. The rationalist emphasis on reason divorced from faith leads ultimately to irrationality because it claims omniscience. By saying there IS no realm but the material realm, it closes itself off to even the possibility of a non-material realm. Yet the process of reason leads inevitably and inexorably to the conclusion there MUST be a realm of being, a category of existence beyond, apart from the material realm of nature.So Nietzsche embraced what has to be called non-rational ideas as the source for creativity, what he called “true living,” and art. An early indication his mind was fracturing, he identified as a follower of Dionysus, god of sexual debauchery and drunkenness. It's no surprise he indicted Christianity as promoting all that which was weak. He hated its emphasis on humility and its acceptance of the role of guilt in aiming to better people by moving them to repentance and renouncing self. For Nietzsche, the self was the savior. He advocated for people to exalt themselves and unapologetically assert their quest for power. He coined the term Übermensch, the superman whose been utterly liberated from the outdated mores of Biblical Christianity and governed by nothing but truth and reason. This superman decides for himself what's right or wrong.Nietzsche claimed “God is dead,” so no absolutes exist. There were no facts, only interpretations. Many creatives; authors, painters, and researchers were inspired by Nietzsche and used his writings as inspiration.It was at this time that advocates for what was called comparative religions argued Christianity ought to be studied as just one of several religions rather than from a confessional perspective that views it as TRUE. The assumption was that religion, just like everything else, had evolved from a primitive to a more complex state. A comparative study might find the core idea that united all religions, just as paleontologists looked for the common ancestor to man and apes.By the second half of the 19th C, derivations of the word “secular,” along with new words like agnostic, and eugenics, were part of European vocabularies. Secularization was identified with an emerging modernist separation of morality from traditional religion.Thomas Huxley minted the word agnostic to distinguish mere skeptics from hard-boiled atheists. It seems his development of the term may have actually helped many students, academics, and members of the upper classes in Victorian England shed traditional religious faith and embrace Rationalist-styled unbelief. They did so because they could now express their growing discomfort with supernaturalism without having to go all the way and declaim any belief in a Supreme being. It provided some philosophical wiggle room.Francis Galton introduced the word eugenics in 1883 to designate efforts to make the human race better by “improved” breeding. Galton, an evolutionary scientist, believed eugenics would favor the fittest human beings and suppress the birth of the unfit.In light of all this, it's not hard to understand why Christian leaders were suspicious that “modernity” and “secularization” seemed to go hand in hand. Many materialists came right out and said they were the same; to be modern meant to be secular and hostile to religious faith.In 1874 John Draper published the hugely influential History of the Conflict between Science and Religion, in which he said religion is the inveterate enemy of reason and science. European society in particular saw a collapse of the political, religious, and social masters that had steered it for centuries. In their place intellectuals emerged who sought a secular substitute to traditional religion.What made this process seemingly unstoppable was the results of modernization and the fruit of technology rapidly enhancing the quality of life across the continent. Many Christians felt they faced a losing battle defending the faith, “once for all delivered to the saints” against the onslaught of a science delivering such wonderful tools every other week.They began to wonder if they could remain “orthodox” while becoming “modern” Christians.That challenge was complicated by the work of Charles Darwin. What made it an even greater challenge was when believers heard from scientists who said they were Christians, who told them Darwin was right. Humans were descended from the apes, not Adam and Eve.Others, like Bishop Samuel Wilberforce, boldly declared Darwin's ideas incompatible with Scripture. In 1860, Wilberforce published a well-crafted and lengthy response to the Origin of Species. He praised Darwin's research and engaging style and even gave a nod to  Darwin's admission to being a Christian. But Wilberforce was careful to mark out many of Darwin's claims as erroneously conceived.Wilberforce said God is the Author of both the Books of Nature and Scripture. So it's not possible for the two to contradict each other. It's been the object of one branch of Apologetics to justify that ever since.In October 1860, Bishop Wilberforce and Huxley engaged in a famous debate at the British Association in Oxford over Darwin's theories. Huxley shrewdly portrayed the cleric as meddling in scientific matters beyond his competency. Wilberforce used a classic debate rhetorical device that had little to do with the substance of the debate but would prejudice the audience against his opponent. Huxley took the barb, then turned it around and used it to paint Wilberforce as HAVING to use such tactics because of the supposed weakness of his argument. If the Bishop had stuck to the content of his original article in the British Digest, he'd have fared much better.The debate over Darwin's theory took many turns. Some wondered if he was right that evolutionary processes were progressive in the sense that they moved toward a species perfection. Darwin had said, “As natural selection works solely by and for the good of each being, all corporeal and mental endowments will tend to progress towards perfection.” Supporters of Darwinism had a rationale for what came to be known as Social Darwinism with its advocacy for racism and eugenics.Ernst Haeckel introduced Darwinism to Germany. A brilliant zoologist, in 1899, Haeckel published The Riddle of the Universe, in which he argued for a basic unity between organic and inorganic matter. He denied the immortality of the soul, the existence of a personal God, promoted infanticide, suicide, and the elimination of the unfit. Using a hundred lithographs drawn from nature (1904), Haeckel campaigned for the teaching of evolutionary biology in Germany as fact. This was in contrast with the many scientists who viewed Darwinism as an evolving theory.At the dawn of the 20th C, the debate over Darwinism continued. As early as 1910, some claimed the theory of evolution was already dead. As subsequent history has shown, yeah –uh, not quite.Under mounting pressure, Europeans who wanted to be considered “modern, scholarly” yet remain “Christian” often made accommodations in the way they expressed their faith. Early in the century, liberal theologians found new ways to describe and explain the Christian faith. Friedrich Schleiermacher proposed that Truth in Christianity was located in a personal religious experience, not in its historical events or correspondence to reality. He criticized Scholastic Protestant orthodoxy emphasizing assent to propositions about God. He said what was far more important was one's subjective experience of the divine.Later in the century, Catholic modernists said the Roman Catholic Church must accommodate the advances in knowledge made by higher criticism and Darwinism. They also declaimed the lack of democracy in the running of the Church. Pushing back against all this in 1910 Pope Pius X condemned modernism as the “synthesis of all heresies.”Faced with such dramatic changes and challenges, many 19th C Christians felt the need to define and defend their faith in new ways. That wasn't an easy task in light of some of the charges being made against it. Those who wanted to align the Faith with the modern scholarship discovered its rules tended to ensconce naturalist presuppositions that allowed no room for the supernaturalism required in theism.Anglicans and those in the Oxford Movement saw no such need to adjust their beliefs. They simply reaffirmed the authority of their faith communities and emphasized the importance of confessions, creeds, and Scripture. In mid-July, 1833, the Anglican theologian John Keble preached a famous sermon titled, “National Apostasy,” which triggered the beginning of the Oxford Movement. Keble warned about the repercussions of forsaking the Anglican Church.We'll take a closer look at the emergence of Theological Liberalism in our next episode.