Metagenics Clinical Podcast

*The information in this podcast is intended for Healthcare Practitioners. In this much-anticipated edition, we are joined by the renowned diagnostics educator and experienced naturopath, Rachel Arthur. Together with our host, Nathan Rose, they delve into the fascinating world of the thyroid gland and its interconnectedness with other crucial signalling factors such as leptin, hormones, and fat mass. Prepare to have your understanding of thyroid research reframed as they explore why attributing fat gain solely to the thyroid might not be the full story. Get ready for a captivating discussion on how excessive adipose tissue can lead to disruptions in thyroid function and the influence of macrophage types on endocrine balance. Rachel's remarkable ability to present complex concepts with her insightful analogies promises to make this episode both clinically relevant and entertaining! Highlights: 15:36 minutes - Why increasing T3 isn't the holy grail for fat mass. 20:31 minutes - Excess energy intake can be the greatest disruptor of gland architecture. 30:50 minutes - The role of fat mass and macrophages in thyroid function. 36:00 minutes - How inflammation and macrophage type can alter fat gain. *Useful Links: * https://rachelarthur.com.au/ https://rachelarthur.com.au/mastercourse-ii-thyroid-adrenal-diagnostics/

*The information in this podcast is intended for Healthcare Practitioners. What if you could measure and improve your emotional fitness with an inexpensive wearable device and a free app? In this episode, we talk to Dr Paul Zak, a pioneer in the neuroscience of immersion and happiness, who has developed a groundbreaking technology that can do just that. In this episode, you will learn: • What is immersion and why is it important for our well-being and performance? • How does immersion relate to dopamine and oxytocin, two key neurotransmitters that regulate our attention and emotions? • How can you use Dr Zak's technology to measure your immersion and psychological safety, and prevent or manage low mood and low energy? Dr Paul Zak has spent the past two decades searching for signals within the brain to predict what brain's value and if people will take action. This quest has resulted in discovering neuroscience that uncovered keys to happiness and joy, and more recently, potential clinical benefits in predicting low mood and burnout. In this episode, Paul describes his mapping of what he has dubbed ‘immersion' – a unique neurological state of engagement that has tremendous predictive power and emerging clinical utility. Don't miss this fascinating conversation with Dr Paul Zak, who will share his insights and stories from his decades of research on the brain and happiness. Subscribe to the Metagenics Institute Podcast today and get ready to be immersed in the science of immersion. Useful links: • Merritt SH, Krouse M, Alogaily RS, Zak PJ. Continuous Neurophysiologic Data Accurately Predict Mood and Energy in the Elderly. Brain Sci. 2022;12(9):1240. Published 2022 Sep 14. doi:10.3390/brainsci12091240 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36138976/) • Immersion: The Science of the Extraordinary and the Source of Happiness (https://www.amazon.com.au/Immersion-Science-Extraordinary-Source-Happiness/dp/1544531958) • Launch of Tuesday App (https://besttuesdayever.com/)

Bone is not just a passive scaffold that supports our body. It is also an active endocrine organ that secretes hormones that regulate various aspects of our physiology, from energy metabolism to brain function. One of these hormones is osteocalcin, which has been extensively studied by Gerard Karsently and his team at Columbia University. In this podcast, we will explore the fascinating discoveries that Karsently and his colleagues have made about osteocalcin and its role in health and disease. Osteocalcin is a protein that is produced by bone cells called osteoblasts. It is then released into the bloodstream, where it can reach different organs and tissues and exert its effects. Osteocalcin has been shown to enhance insulin secretion by the pancreas, testosterone production by the testes, muscle function during exercise, memory formation and mood regulation by the brain, and even the ability to cope with stress. Osteocalcin also has anti-aging properties, as it can prevent or reverse some of the decline in physiological functions that occurs with age. The levels of osteocalcin in the blood are not constant. They vary depending on several factors, such as diet, exercise, stress and age. These interactions create a complex network of communication between bone and other organs that helps to maintain homeostasis and adapt to changing conditions. Karsently's research has opened new avenues for understanding the biology of bone and its impact on whole-body physiology. It has also revealed new potential therapeutic targets or strategies for treating or preventing various metabolic, reproductive, cognitive and emotional disorders. In this podcast, we will dive deeper into the fascinating world of osteocalcin and bone endocrinology with Gerard Karsently himself. Useful Links: Berger JM, Karsenty G. Osteocalcin and the physiology of danger. FEBS Lett. 2022;596(5):665-680. doi:10.1002/1873-3468.1425

The information in this podcast is intended for Healthcare Practitioners. Sun exposure has been valued for its healing properties throughout history and across cultures. But too much of a good thing can be harmful, and in recent decades we have been warned about the risks of sunburn, skin ageing and skin cancer. However, our guest expert today argues that we may have gone too far in avoiding the sun, and that we are missing out on its vital benefits for our health and well-being. Prof Prue Hart is a photoimmunologist who has been studying the effects of vitamin D and ultraviolet radiation (UVR) on health and disease for over 20 years. She has found evidence that insufficient sun exposure is linked to increased mortality and various chronic conditions, such as some cancers, cardiovascular disease and neurological disorders. Moreover, she has discovered that these benefits are not only due to vitamin D production, but also to other molecules that are activated by UVR, such as nitric oxide and urocanic acid. In this podcast, Prof Hart will explain how these molecules work in our body, and how they can help us prevent or treat diseases such as COVID-19 and multiple sclerosis. She will also share some practical tips on how to balance sun exposure and protect our skin health. Join us for this enlightening conversation on the sunny side of health. Links: Alfredsson L, Armstrong BK, Butterfield DA, et al. Insufficient Sun Exposure Has Become a Real Public Health Problem. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(14):5014. Published 2020 Jul 13. doi:10.3390/ijerph17145014 Hart PH, Norval M. The Multiple Roles of Urocanic Acid in Health and Disease. J Invest Dermatol. 2021;141(3):496-502. doi:10.1016/j.jid.2020.07.017

The information in this podcast is intended for Healthcare Practitioners. Do you know what POTS is? It's a chronic disorder that affects many young women. It causes problems with the autonomic nervous system, which controls the heart rate and other functions. People with POTS experience a rapid increase in heart rate, dizziness, fatigue, nausea and other symptoms when they stand up. POTS is poorly understood and has few effective treatments. However, some dedicated clinicians are working hard to find solutions and help patients. One of them is Dr Brent Goodman, a neurologist and director of the Autonomic Laboratory & Clinic at the Mayo Clinic in Scotsdale, Arizona. He is also on the Medical Advisory Board for Dysautonomia International. In this episode, you will learn: · How POTS was discovered and how it affects the body · What are some of the possible causes of POTS, such as viral infection, physical trauma, autoimmunity and cardiovascular dysfunction · How POTS is related to other conditions, such as migraine, chronic fatigue, mast cell activation syndrome (MCAS) and hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (hEDS) · What are some of the current treatment options for POTS, especially through diet and lifestyle changes · What are some of the emerging therapies for POTS and what are the challenges and opportunities for future research This podcast is essential for anyone who wants to understand POTS and dysautonomia better and help their patients cope with this debilitating disorder. *Links: * Vernino S, Bourne KM, Stiles LE, et al. Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS): State of the science and clinical care from a 2019 National Institutes of Health Expert Consensus Meeting - Part 1. Auton Neurosci. 2021;235:102828. (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34144933/) Raj SR, Bourne KM, Stiles LE, et al. Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS): Priorities for POTS care and research from a 2019 National Institutes of Health Expert Consensus Meeting - Part 2. Auton Neurosci. 2021;235:102836. (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34246578/) http://www.dysautonomiainternational.org/index.php

*The information in this podcast is intended for Healthcare Practitioners. Despite women spending more of their lives in a post-menopausal state, there has been limited progress in how society views and supports menopausal women. In this episode, we are joined by Professor Mary Anne Lumsden, a leading researcher and menopause advocate, to examine menopause from all angles. Professor Lumsden explains that with appropriate biopsychosocial support, menopausal women can thrive and be revered. The conversation begins by exploring the evolutionary theory of the grandma hypothesis, which suggests that menopause is a feature rather than a bug. We delve into the menopausal transition and how symptoms, such as hot flushes, are not solely driven by an absolute estrogen deficiency. In this light, non-hormonal treatments are explored. Additionally, Professor Lumsden outlines the latest updates on the benefits and risks of menopausal hormone replacement therapy, suggesting that the risks may have been overstated in the past. We then turn to the health challenges that menopausal women often face, such as unwanted weight gain, body composition changes, osteoporosis, and dementia. Professor Lumsden provides insights on evidence-based clinical strategies to support women during this transitional phase of life. Tune in for a menopausal masterclass that offers an evolutionary, biopsychosocial, and clinical perspective on how menopausal women can thrive. Mary Ann Lumsden is the CEO of the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics and former Professor of Medical Education & Gynaecology and Head of Reproductive & Maternal Medicine, University of Glasgow. She is Past Senior Vice President for Strategy at the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists in London. Mary Ann has considerable experience of developing Guidelines. She was Chair of the Guidelines Development Group for the National Institute of Health and Care Excellence (NICE) Guideline ‘Menopause: Investigation and Management'. Her success in this field was recognised in 2017 when she was awarded an OBE (Officer of the Order of the British Empire) for Services to Women's Health. Links Lumsden MA, Sassarini J. The evolution of the human menopause. Climacteric. 2019;22(2):111-116. doi:10.1080/13697137.2018.1547701 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30712396/) Santen RJ, Heitjan DF, Gompel A, et al. Approach to Managing a Postmenopausal Patient. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2020;105(12):dgaa623. doi:10.1210/clinem/dgaa623 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32882039/) Zhang GQ, Chen JL, Luo Y, et al. Menopausal hormone therapy and women's health: An umbrella review. PLoS Med. 2021;18(8):e1003731. Published 2021 Aug 2. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1003731 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34339416/) https://www.figo.org/

*The information in this podcast is intended for Healthcare Practitioners. Alzheimer's disease is a devasting illness that robs patients of quality and quantity of life and is the leading cause of death in women. Alzheimer's is also the most feared condition in middle to older age adults. This may be in part due to fact, to date, there is little to no evidence that pharmaceutical intervention can slow, let alone reverse, the condition once established. Despite the current pessimistic outlook, there is a growing body of evidence that Alzheimer's can be prevented, slowed, and potentially reversed. Joining the podcast is a juggernaut in Alzheimer's research, Prof Ralph Martins. For over three decades Prof Martins has explored Alzheimer's from all angles – and the future looks promising. In this episode Prof Martins discusses the central role of beta amyloid in Alzheimer's, whilst touching upon some concerns of its clinical utility. Further, Prof Martins reveals some emerging biomarkers that may be a game changer in the near future. Prof Martin then describes powerful, yet not widely appreciated risk factors, namely hearing loss and poor sleep. The conversation also explores the role of APOE in Alzheimer's and findings from his research on dietary factors linked to neuroprotection. Despite the size of the problem, the details in the podcast and Prof Martins' energy and passion should leave listeners with confidence positive change is on the horizon. Professor Ralph Martins is the Foundation Chair in Aging and Alzheimer's Disease at Edith Cowan University. His collaborative seminal research involved isolating and characterising beta-amyloid and its precursor, the amyloid precursor protein (APP), which are now recognised as central to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. He was the first to propose and demonstrate that the Alzheimer brain was under oxidative stress, which is now widely recognized by the Alzheimer research community. Ralph's current research interests are focused on understanding the mechanisms and factor(s) leading to the abnormal release and deposition of βA4 in Alzheimer's disease. Useful Links: Australian Alzheimer's research foundation https://alzheimers.com.au/ Lions Alzheimer's Foundation https://lionsalzheimersfoundation.com.au/ The Australian Imaging, Biomarker & Lifestyle Flagship Study of Ageing (AIBL) https://aibl.csiro.au/

Dreams have been a source of fascination across seemingly all cultures over the history of humankind. Likewise, there has been numerous suggestions throughout the ages on the purpose of dreams and the interpretation of dreams. Over the past three decades, sleep and dream researcher Prof Bob Stickgold has developed an ingenious model of the purpose and benefits of dreaming. To understand dreaming, we first need to understand sleep. In this episode, Prof Stickgold describes how sleep is vital for memory evolution – a process not simply to consolidate information of the past with perfect fidelity, but to help guide us better in the future. From here, we explore how dreaming helps reinforce memory evolution, above and beyond sleeping. Finally, the conversation explores how disturbed sleep and dreaming plays a role in the persistence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and how this may be addressed. Useful Links: When Brains Dream: Exploring the Science and Mystery of Sleep (https://www.amazon.com.au/When-Brains-Dream-Exploring-Science/dp/1324002832)

*The information in this podcast is intended for Healthcare Practitioners. Collagen has rapidly become a popular supplement for skin. But does it promote more youthful skin and if so, how? Returning to the podcast today is nutrition expert Dr Tim Crowe to explore the research behind collagen and other nutrients for skin health. Tim does a deep dive on the physiology of exogenous collagen supplementation and its effects on reducing the signs of skin ageing, such as wrinkles and reduced elasticity. Learn the type and dose of collagen that has been shown improve skin health. Additionally, Tim discusses some other evidence-based nutrients for the skin, namely the interesting UV-protective effects of various carotenoids. The conversation finishes with a discussion on the theory that a high glycaemic load diet can cause or exacerbate acne. What does the research say? Tune in for another episode with straight-talking and fact-based Dr Tim Crowe to help cut through the noise to find the gold in nutrition science. Links https://www.thinkingnutrition.com.au/ de Miranda RB, Weimer P, Rossi RC. Effects of hydrolyzed collagen supplementation on skin aging: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Dermatol. 2021;60(12):1449-1461. doi:10.1111/ijd.15518 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33742704/)

*The information in this podcast is intended for Healthcare Practitioners. Nutrition and exercise recommendations are often generic and seldom consider sex differences, let alone the effect of fluctuating sex hormones that occur through ovulatory cycle or reproductive phases. Exercise physiologist and nutrition researcher, Professor Abbie Smith-Ryan, joins the podcast to shed light on the under-recognised effect of sex hormones on women's metabolism, nutrition and exercise performance. Listen in as Abbie discusses the influence oestrogen and progesterone have on female physiology, such as impacts mitochondrial function, muscle fibre type, bone structure and body composition. Zooming out, Abbie highlights a holistic view and discusses how perimenopausal women can often experience undesirable changes in body composition and performance which can be both a cause and effect of psychological distress during this life stage. Abbie also explores the subtle but meaningful impact fluctuating sex hormones have on macronutrient metabolism and exercise performance in the ovulatory and luteal phase in cyclic women – all of which can have real world impact on the food women eat or how they feel and perform at different stages of their cycle. Finally, in a ‘speed round', Abbie briefly outlines the lesser-known benefits of several nutrients in the context of women's health and performance. Links: Smith-Ryan AE, Cabre HE, Moore SR. Active Women Across the Lifespan: Nutritional Ingredients to Support Health and Wellness. Sports Med. 2022;52(Suppl 1):101-117. doi:10.1007/s40279-022-01755-3 Bailey RL, Dog TL, Smith-Ryan AE, et al. Sex Differences Across the Life Course: A Focus On Unique Nutritional and Health Considerations among Women. J Nutr. 2022;152(7):1597-1610. doi:10.1093/jn/nxac059 Wohlgemuth KJ, Arieta LR, Brewer GJ, Hoselton AL, Gould LM, Smith-Ryan AE. Sex differences and considerations for female specific nutritional strategies: a narrative review. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2021;18(1):27. Published 2021 Apr 1. doi:10.1186/s12970-021-00422-8

*The information in this podcast is intended for Healthcare Practitioners. Almost half of working Australians report feeling burnt out. Similarly, many people can experience burnout from non-occupational pressures, such as being a carer. In this episode Nathan speaks to burnout researcher Gabriela Tavella on the science and management of this affliction. Gabriela discusses the psychological factors linked to burnout and the physiological effects of this stress state, how burnout can be confused with depression and chronic fatigue, as well as management strategies her research team have unveiled. Discover some surprising factors that burnout sufferers have reported to be effective and ineffective in managing their allostatic overload. Additionally, Gabriela offers some simple and accessible tools that can help people experiencing burnout. Gabriela Tavella is a PhD candidate in the UNSW School of Psychiatry and has a Bachelor of Psychology (Honours) from UNSW. Gabriela currently works alongside burnout pioneering researcher and founder of the Blackdog Institute Prof Gordon Parker AO. Gabriela has published numerous peer-reviewed papers on burnout and recently co-authored the book Burnout: A guide to identifying burnout and pathways to recover. Links: Burnout: A Guide to Identifying Burnout and Pathways to Recovery (https://www.amazon.com.au/Burnout-Guide-Identifying-Pathways-Recovery/dp/1032367725/ref=tmm_hrd_swatch_0?_encoding=UTF8&qid=&sr=) Bayes A, Tavella G, Parker G. The biology of burnout: Causes and consequences (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33783308/). World J Biol Psychiatry. 2021;22(9):686-698. doi:10.1080/15622975.2021.1907713 Parker G, Tavella G. Distinguishing burnout from clinical depression: A theoretical differentiation template. (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33321382/) J Affect Disord. 2021;281:168-173. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2020.12.022 Tavella G, Hadzi-Pavlovic D, Parker G. Burnout: Redefining its key symptoms. (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34052460/) Psychiatry Res. 2021;302:114023. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2021.114023 Parker G, Tavella G. The Diagnosis of Burnout: Some Challenges. (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35766539/) J Nerv Ment Dis. 2022;210(7):475-478. doi:10.1097/NMD.0000000000001492 Parker G, Tavella G. Is burnout simply a stress reaction? (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34996323/). Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2022;56(9):1065-1067. doi:10.1177/00048674211070221

*The information in this podcast is intended for Healthcare Practitioners. Long COVID – its highly prevalent, often includes debilitating symptoms and there is currently no consensus on what is driving the syndrome. Cue Dr Amy Proal. Dr Proal is a microbiologist and CEO of Polybio Research Foundation, and she is driven to elucidate the pathophysiology of long COVID. In this episode Dr Proal discusses the new science on the biological drivers of long COVID, outlining the evidence for the ‘persistent SARS-CoV-2 reservoir' hypothesis of long COVID. Further, Dr Proal explains the nefarious mechanisms SARS-CoV-2 has on suppressing immunity, synergising with pathobionts and potentially wreaking havoc on neurological circuits, all of which can help explain long COVID symptomatology such as chronic inflammation, hypercoagulability, sickness behaviour and dysautonomia. The podcast explores spike proteins, co-infections, dysbiosis, vagal nerve dysfunction and more to paint a comprehensive picture of this condition. To conclude, Nathan and Dr Proal discuss potential therapeutic targets and cast an eye to the future on Dr Proal's current collaboration with world-leading researchers on long COVID. Useful Links Proal AD, VanElzakker MB. Long COVID or Post-acute Sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC): An Overview of Biological Factors That May Contribute to Persistent Symptoms. Front Microbiol. 2021;12:698169. Published 2021 Jun 23. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2021.698169 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34248921/ https://polybio.org/

*The information in this podcast is intended for Healthcare Practitioners. Professor Hill joins the podcast to discuss the potentially powerful influence the oral contraceptive pill can have on the brain. As a researcher, Professor Hill combines her knowledge of women's psychology from an evolutionary perspective with her personal experience in her new book, This is Your Brain on Birth Control. Listen to the evolutionary framework that influences female behaviour and learn how birth control can affect partner choice, mood and the stress response. With a balanced and thoughtful approach, Sarah spells out the nuances of the pill to give listeners information to better help make informed decisions. Sarah's Website: https://www.sarahehill.com/

*The information in this podcast is intended for Healthcare Practitioners. Endometriosis is a common and debilitating condition that has proven difficult to treat. In this episode, Sun-Wei Guo, a geneticist turned Professor of Gynaecology, reveals his eye-opening research into the pathophysiology of endometriosis. Sun Wei explains how the theory of retrograde flow in endometriosis is necessary but not sufficient to explain the progression of the disease. Prof Guo explains that endometriotic lesions are wounds undergoing repeated tissue injury and repair (ReTIAR). Sun Wei further describes how surprising mediators in the endometriotic microenvironment are responsible for the incomplete repair process that leads to the cellular hallmarks of endometriosis. Hear about Prof Guo's preliminary work on herbal constituents and electrical stimulation that are generating encouraging results in endometriosis. Listen in to discover new non-hormonal targets that can be considered to combat this terrible affliction. Professor Guo received his Ph.D. from the University of Washington and had subsequent stints at University of Michigan and the Medical College of Wisconsin. Since 2010 Sun Wei has been a Professor at Shanghai OB/GYN Hospital, Fudan University and an adjunct professor at Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology at Michigan State University College of Human Medicine. Prof Guo has been an Associated Editor of several reproduction journals and a board member of several endometriosis societies, including member of the Board of Trustees of the World Endometriosis Society (WES). Links: Guo SW. Fibrogenesis resulting from cyclic bleeding: the Holy Grail of the natural history of ectopic endometrium. Hum Reprod. 2018 Mar 1;33(3):353-356. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29420711/ Xiao F, Liu X, Guo SW. Platelets and Regulatory T Cells May Induce a Type 2 Immunity That Is Conducive to the Progression and Fibrogenesis of Endometriosis. Front Immunol. 2020 Dec 14;11:610963. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33381124/ Yan D, Liu X, Guo SW. Neuropeptides Substance P and Calcitonin Gene Related Peptide Accelerate the Development and Fibrogenesis of Endometriosis. Sci Rep. 2019 Feb 25;9(1):2698. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30804432/ Huang S, Xiao F, Guo SW, Zhang T. Tetramethylpyrazine Retards the Progression and Fibrogenesis of Endometriosis. Reprod Sci. 2022 Apr;29(4):1170-1187. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35099777/ Hao M, Liu X, Rong P, Li S, Guo SW. Reduced vagal tone in women with endometriosis and auricular vagus nerve stimulation as a potential therapeutic approach. Sci Rep. 2021 Jan 14;11(1):1345. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33446725/ Hao M, Liu X, Guo SW. Activation of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor retards the development of endometriosis. Reprod Biol Endocrinol. 2022 Jun 4;20(1):85. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35658970/

*This information in this podcast is intended for Healthcare Practitioners. Professor Paul Peter Tak, a pioneering researcher and transformational innovator, joins the podcast to describe the power and potential of a little-known homeostatic pathway, known as the cholinergeric anti-inflammatory pathway (CAP). Prof Tak was a key researcher in the identification of the CAP, which is an innate and reflexive anti-inflammatory response mediated by the vagus nerve. Learn the origins of the discovery of the CAP and Tak's groundbreaking work that showed a loss of vagal tone precedes the development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Moreover, Prof Tak's team went on to show that electrical stimulation of the vagus nerve had a profound effect on disease activity in RA. The conversation moves to exploring how the gut, nutrition and lifestyle factors can potentially activate the CAP and help prevent or manage autoimmune and inflammatory disorders. Learn how the CAP can be an important target for combating chronic disease. Paul Peter Tak is a business leader, academic, entrepreneur and clinician who has over 30 years' experience in medicine as a prominent expert in Immunology, Internal Medicine, and Rheumatology. Alongside his industry career, Prof Tak has dedicated much of his life to academia and advancing our understanding in medicine. He has served as Professor of Medicine at the University of Amsterdam and holds numerous honours for his service to medicine, with a special focus on Immunology and Rheumatology. Useful Links Prof Paul Peter Tak's website: https://paulpetertak.com/ First description of the hypothesis that stimulation of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway may be used to reduce chronic inflammation: van Maanen MA, Vervoordeldonk MJ, Tak PP. The cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway: towards innovative treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2009 Apr;5(4):229-32. doi: 10.1038/nrrheum.2009.31. PMID: 19337288. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19337288/ Pioneering study that found low vagal tone precedes rheumatoid arthritis. Koopman FA, Tang MW, Vermeij J, de Hair MJ, Choi IY, Vervoordeldonk MJ, Gerlag DM, Karemaker JM, Tak PP. Autonomic Dysfunction Precedes Development of Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Prospective Cohort Study. EBioMedicine. 2016 Apr;6:231-237. doi: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2016.02.029. Epub 2016 Feb 19. PMID: 27211565; PMCID: PMC4856742. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27211565/ First clinical trial in patients showing the effects of stimulation of the chronic immune-mediated inflammatory disease: Koopman FA, Chavan SS, Miljko S, Grazio S, Sokolovic S, Schuurman PR, Mehta AD, Levine YA, Faltys M, Zitnik R, Tracey KJ, Tak PP. Vagus nerve stimulation inhibits cytokine production and attenuates disease severity in rheumatoid arthritis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2016 Jul 19;113(29):8284-9. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1605635113. Epub 2016 Jul 5. PMID: 27382171; PMCID: PMC4961187. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27382171/ Interview summarising the discovery of vagal involvement in chronic inflammation Tak PP. Interview with Paul-Peter Tak: stimulating the vagus nerve to treat rheumatoid arthritis. Bioelectronics in Medicine. 2018 Jan;1(1):17-20. https://www.futuremedicine.com/doi/10.2217/bem-2017-0012

*The information in this podcast is intended for Healthcare Practitioners. Dr. Megan Riehl is one of only a small number of specialists in the world who practices as a Gastrointestinal Psychologist. She is the Clinical Director of the GI Behavioural Health Program at the University of Michigan, offering comprehensive treatment options for people suffering disorders of gut-brain interaction (DGBI), such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Whilst a great deal of attention in natural medicine is paid to how the gut affects brain function, in this episode, Dr Reihl highlights how the brain can have a profound effect on GI function. Dr Riehl describes how gastrointestinal (GI) conditions can be better understood and managed by transitioning our framework from a mechanistic model to a biopsychosocial model. She discusses the connection between factors such as early life stress, catastrophising and symptom hypervigilance with the incidence and severity of IBS. Dr Riehl walks listeners through several brain-gut strategies and therapies from self-care to practitioner-guided therapy. Learn about the efficacy of cognitive behvioural therapy (CBT) and gut-directed hypnosis for DGBI and discover several digital tools that practitioners can consider. To finish, the conversation turns to another area Dr Riehl is passionate about – screening and managing disordered eating that is linked to, or can develop from, DGBI. Tune into an episode jammed packed with clinical pearls! Useful Links Dr Riehl's diaphragmatic breathing tutorial - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UB3tSaiEbNY Nerva gut-directed hypnosis app - https://www.mindsethealth.com/hypnotherapy/nerva ROME Foundation - https://theromefoundation.org/ GI On Demand - https://giondemand.com/ Jagielski CH, Riehl ME. Behavioral Strategies for Irritable Bowel Syndrome: Brain-Gut or Gut-Brain? Gastroenterol Clin North Am. 2021 Sep;50(3):581-593. doi: 10.1016/j.gtc.2021.03.006. Epub 2021 Jun 25. PMID: 34304789. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34304789/ Riehl ME, Scarlata K. Understanding Disordered Eating Risks in Patients with Gastrointestinal Conditions. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2022 Mar;122(3):491-499. doi: 10.1016/j.jand.2021.03.001. Epub 2021 Apr 20. PMID: 33893063. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33893063/ Call out to those who may be interested in participating in an endometriosis study: https://www.nicm.edu.au/research/clinicaltrials/endometriosisstudy

*The information in this podcast is intended for Healthcare Practitioners. Dr Joe Alcock is not your typical MD. Joe's day (or night) job is as a practicing emergency Physician and a Professor in the University of New Mexico Department of Emergency Medicine. However, Joe also has a deep interest in both evolutionary medicine and microbiome science and has the unique skill of integrating and translating these disciplines into practical outcomes. In this episode, Dr Alcock explains how, since time immemorial, our gut microbes have had a love/hate relationship with us, and how this concept of ‘conflict and co-operation' can explain the trials and tribulations of research on microbiome composition in disease states, probiotic successes and failures and a new approach to feeding ourselves and our resident microbiome. Tune in for a fun and insightful tour of the microbiome as Joe discusses conditions such as gut health, insulin resistance and mood disorders. Links and resources Dr Alcock's website: http://evolutionmedicine.com Dr Alcock's Twitter: https://twitter.com/joealcockmd?lang=en Wasielewski H, Alcock J, Aktipis A. Resource conflict and cooperation between human host and gut microbiota: implications for nutrition and health. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2016 May;1372(1):20-8. doi: 10.1111/nyas.13118. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27270755/ Alcock J, Lin HC. Fatty acids from diet and microbiota regulate energy metabolism. F1000Res. 2015 Sep 9;4(F1000 Faculty Rev):738. doi: 10.12688/f1000research.6078.1. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27006755/

*The information in this podcast is intended for Healthcare Practitioners. Back by popular demand, Greg Potter joins Nathan to discuss time-restricted feeding. Potter shares his thoughts on recent research, including early time-restricted eating compared with daily caloric restriction, the 5:2 diet and fasting-mimicking diet. The pair also discuss whether we should eat breakfast like a king, lunch like a prince, and dinner like a pauper. Tune in to find out! Greg Potter completed PhD research at the University of Leeds, focusing on sleep, circadian rhythms, nutrition, and metabolism. He regularly contributes to various newspapers, magazines, blogs and websites, is a captivating presenter and has been a guest on nearly 100 podcast episodes. *Highlights * How timing your food intake during the day impacts your physiology (15:30) Rhythmic changes in gene transcription (22:00) Study discussion: Calorie Restriction with or without Time-Restricted Eating in Weight Loss (27:00) Study discussion: Early time-restricted eating compared with daily caloric restriction: A randomized trial in adults with obesity (36:00) Is there value in eating breakfast like a king, lunch like a prince, and dinner like a pauper? (45:00) About the 5:2 diet (53:00) The fasting mimicking diet (60:00) Trade-offs of time-restricted feeding (71:00) GLP-1 agonists for weight management (77:00) Greg Potter's recommendations (85:00) Links Greg Potter's website: Gregpotterphd.com (Gregpotterphd.com) Instagram handle: @gregpotterphd The Principles of Resilient Nutrition - https://resilientnutrition.com/ Link to paper: Calorie Restriction with or without Time-Restricted Eating in Weight Loss - https://www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NEJMoa2114833 Link to paper: Early time-restricted eating compared with daily caloric restriction: A randomized trial in adults with obesity - https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/oby.23420 Link to paper: Timing of food intake predicts weight loss effectiveness - https://europepmc.org/backend/ptpmcrender.fcgi?accid=PMC3756673&blobtype=pdf Link to paper: Intermittent fasting interventions for treatment of overweight and obesity in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis - https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29419624/ Link to paper: Effect of Fasting-Mimicking Diet or Continuous Energy Restriction on Weight Loss, Body Composition, and Appetite-Regulating Hormones Among Metabolically Healthy Women with Obesity: a Randomized Controlled, Parallel Trial - https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33420673/

*The information in this podcast is intended for Healthcare Practitioners. This week's guest, Professor Toby Richards delivers a schooling on all things iron, including the mechanisms in place to maintain iron homeostasis, signs and symptoms of deficiency, pathology interpretation tips, and the role this essential nutrient plays in health and physical fitness. If you're seeing clients in clinical practice or simply eager to learn more about iron, this episode confers valuable insights and updates from an expert in the field. Professor Richards is the Lawrence Brown Chair in Vascular Surgery, Head of Division of Surgery and Director of the Clinical Trials Unit at University of Western Australia (UWA). He is also Honorary Professor at the Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology, University College London (UCL) and Honorary Professor of Anaesthesia at Monash University. Professor Richards has led a series of international clinical trials and supervised 16 PhD students and well over 60 graduate research projects (Masters/ MSc/BSc). He is a mentor to trainees in surgical research internationally. He is actively engaged in the international trials networks; the International VASCC & UK VERN Research Group in vascular surgery. Professor Richards has over 150 peer reviewed publications and $14M of research funding in the last decade. *Highlights * How anaemia influences physical fitness 5:00 Symptoms of iron deficiency (9:20) Iron homeostasis (20:00) Haemoglobin (36:00) Iron infusion (42:00) Lactoferrin and other therapeutics to treat iron deficiency (49:00) Links Prof Toby Richard's biography and link to research: https://research-repository.uwa.edu.au/en/persons/toby-richards

*The information in this podcast is intended for Healthcare Practitioners. In this episode, Nathan speaks with George A. Bonanno, a Professor of Clinical Psychology at Columbia University, Teachers College. His research focuses on how people respond to potentially traumatic events, such as disaster, war, assault and life-threatening injury, whether they present with post-traumatic stress disorder or not. These studies have revealed that the natural response to stressful situations is not trauma, but resilience, and as such, we may be underestimating our ability to rebound without suffering long-term consequences. George has authored two books, The Other Side of Sadness: What the New Science of Bereavement Tells Us About Life After Loss and The End of Trauma: How the New Science of Resilience is Changing How We Think About PTSD. Highlights How history has shaped our understanding of trauma (5:00) Recovery patterns following a traumatic episode (11:00) The resilience blind spot (15:30) Potentially traumatic events (PTEs) (17:00) Human stress response capacity (25:00) The resilience paradox (31:00) How to build your resilience (37:00) Future research in the field of resilience (48:00) Useful Links Link to George's book, The End of Trauma: How the New Science of Resilience is Changing How We Think About PTSD (https://www.amazon.com.au/End-Trauma-Science-Resilience-Changing/dp/1541674367/ref=asc_df_1541674367/?tag=googleshopdsk-22&linkCode=df0&hvadid=463537351125&hvpos=&hvnetw=g&hvrand=9253469214087898646&hvpone=&hvptwo=&hvqmt=&hvdev=c&hvdvcmdl=&hvlocint=&hvlocphy=9112656&hvtargid=pla-1299594669838&psc=1) Link to George's book, The Other Side of Sadness: What the New Science of Bereavement Tells Us About Life After Loss (https://www.amazon.com/dp/0465013600?tag=psychologytod-20&linkCode=ogi&th=1&psc=1)

*The information in this podcast is intended for Healthcare Practitioners. In this episode, Nathan speaks with Glenn Geher, Professor of Psychology and Founding Director of Evolutionary Studies at the State University of New York at New Paltz. Professor Geher has been the recipient of the New Paltz Alumni Association's Distinguished Teacher of the Year Award, along with Chancellor's Awards for both Teaching and Research Excellence from the State University of New York. He has penned several books including Evolutionary Psychology 101 and more recently, Positive Evolutionary Psychology, and contributes a regular blog to Psychology Today, called Darwin's Subterranean World. This episode serves as a brilliant introduction to evolutionary psychology, as Professor Geher explains how an evolutionary perspective can shed light on modern-day issues, such as mental health conditions. He describes the significance of living in an environment we, as humans, were not evolved to exist in – coined an evolutionary mismatch. This fascinating discussion provides insight on how the principles of evolutionary psychology helps us understand human behaviour and the human experience. Highlights An evolutionary perspective on mood disorders (7:00) Our minds are not evolved for large scale politics (19:00) Criticisms of evolutionary psychology (24:00) Neuroticism may have served a purpose (32:00) Ultimate versus proximate causation (45:00) Positive evolutionary psychology (60:00) Useful Links Link to Geher's book, Positive Evolutionary Psychology: https://www.amazon.com/Positive-Evolutionary-Psychology-Darwins-Living/dp/0190647124/ref=sr117?keywords=geher&link_code=qs&qid=1555656027&s=gateway&sourceid=Mozilla-search&sr=8-17 Link to Geher's book, Evolutionary Psychology 101: https://www.amazon.com/Evolutionary-Psychology-101-Psych/dp/0826107184/ref=pdsimsccl1/132-8454497-6012610?pdrdw=p7iHG&pfrdp=dee70060-7c6d-4721-a321-50a27281cd22&pfrdr=B2WDFD1SXKKMYWVK592J&pdrdr=2c4bfc33-40d6-4562-8d61-b836e4bd41f1&pdrdwg=CcGlb&pdrd_i=0826107184&psc=1 Glenn Geher's blog, Darwin's Subterranean World: https://www.psychologytoday.com/au/blog/darwins-subterranean-world David Sloan Wilson's book, Evolution for Everyone: https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/191808/evolution-for-everyone-by-david-sloan-wilson/#:~:text=By%20turns%20thoughtful%2C%20provocative%2C%20and,us%20to%20improve%20that%20world

_This podcast is intended for Healthcare Practitioners only. _ Patrick McKeown is a world-renowned author and breathing practitioner who is deeply passionate about helping people restore functional breathing patterns. In this episode, he explains the causes and consequences of dysfunctional breathing and practices employed by Practitioners to reduce over-breathing (also known as chronic hyperventilation). Patrick encourages Healthcare Practitioners to assess their client's breathing patterns and refer as required, to help address long-standing complaints, such as asthma, and ensure better health overall. Highlights About nose breathing (2:30) Consequences of dysfunctional breathing patterns (9:00) Functional breathing (20:00) Craniofacial abnormalities and breathing patterns (22:00) Practice breathing lightly (36:00) The influence of breathing patterns on body systems (57:00) Other links Links to Patrick McKeown's books: * The Breathing Cure: https://oxygenadvantage.com/the-breathing-cure/ * Atomic Focus: https://oxygenadvantage.com/atomic-focus/ * The Oxygen Advantage: https://oxygenadvantage.com/books/ Link to Oxygen Advantage YouTube channel: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCBQwNB_YphlLqnOpAtEzZdg Link to paper: Rambaud C, Guilleminault C. Death, nasomaxillary complex, and sleep in young children https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22492014/ Link to paper: Bonuck K, et al. Sleep-disordered breathing in a population-based cohort: behavioral outcomes at 4 and 7 years https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22392181/ Orthodontist mentioned, Dr Derek Mahony: https://www.fullfaceorthodontics.com.au Myotape – tape to pull the lips together: https://myotape.com Naturopath mentioned, Mim Beim, https://mimbeim.com

*The information in this podcast is intended for Healthcare Practitioners. A special episode! Join Metagenics' Head of Science, Nathan Rose and Clinical Education Manager Nicholas Breen as they discuss the latest developments around COVID-19 in 2022. The pandemic continues to evolve, bringing with it new challenges for clinicians and patients alike. During this engaging and informative conversation, topics such as the omicron variant, immunity and masking are discussed, along with the latest research into: * Use of Natural medicines and lifestyle interventions to support patients through illness and recovery * Pathogenesis of long COVID and the lingering mental health effects of the virus * Emerging research into treatment options for this often debilitating sequelae

*The information in this podcast is intended for Healthcare Practitioners. In this episode, Nathan speaks with noted researcher, science consultant, and science communicator Stephan Guyenet. They discuss contributors to weight gain and management, including genetic influences and ultra-processed foods, as well as the new antidiabetic and weight management drug, semaglutide, a GLP-1 receptor agonist. Stephan Guyenet has a PhD in neuroscience at the University of Washington and spends his time in the neuroscience research world studying neurodegenerative disease and the neuroscience of body fatness. His publications in scientific journals have been cited more than 3,600 times and his book, The Hungry Brain, was named one of the best books of the year by Publishers Weekly and called “essential” by the New York Times Book Review. Among other feats, he is the founder and director of Red Pen Reviews, which publishes informative, consistent, and unbiased popular health and nutrition book reviews available. Highlights Updates in the science of body weight (4:50) The genetic contribution to body fatness (13:00) About ultra-processed foods and why they are fattening (22:00) A brief history of the pharmaceutical management of obesity (45:00) About semaglutide (53:00) Red Pen Reviews (1:18:00) Useful Links Stephan Guyenet's website (http://www.stephanguyenet.com/) Stephan Guyenet's book, The Hungry Brain (https://www.amazon.com.au/Hungry-Brain-Outsmarting-Instincts-Overeat-ebook/dp/B01LWHZSX2) Red Pen Reviews (https://www.redpenreviews.org/about-us/)

*The information in this podcast is intended for Healthcare Practitioners. In this episode, Nathan speaks with Neurologist, Dr Alexander Lehn about functional neurological disorders (FND). Dr Alexander Lehn heads the movement disorder service at PA Hospital and together with Dr Sarah Olson runs the deep brain stimulation service at PA Hospital and Mater Hospital in Brisbane, Queensland. Dr Lehn has a keen interest in FND and from 2015 to 2019 ran a dedicated clinic for Functional Neurological Disorders at Mater Hospital, the first such clinic in Australia. With his multidisciplinary team of health professionals, he runs regular teaching courses for FND across Australia and has published extensively in this area. Highlights About functional neurological disorders (FND) (6:00) Signs and symptoms (8:40) The biopsychosocial model (19:00) Diagnosing FND (30:00) Treatment (38:00) COVID-19 vaccine side effects (46:00) Resources for those with FND (62:00) Useful Links Functional Neurological Disorders Australia website: FNDaustralia.com.au (https://fndaustralia.com.au/) Link to the book Nathan mentions, The Sleeping Beauties by Suzanne O'Sullivan: https://books.google.com.au/books/about/TheSleepingBeauties.html?id=H0oQEAAAQBAJ&source=kpbookdescription&redir_esc=y

*The information in this podcast is intended for Healthcare Practitioners. Dr Howard Schubiner is board-certified in paediatrics, adolescent medicine, and internal medicine. He was a full Professor at Wayne State University for 18 years and now works at Providence Hospital in Southfield, MI, USA. He has authored over 60 scientific publications and has given over 250 lectures to scientific audiences regionally, nationally and internationally on topics related to adolescent medicine, ADHD, and stress reduction. Importantly, Dr Schubiner is the founder and director of the Mind Body Medicine Program at Providence Hospital. This program uses the most current research methodologies to treat individuals who suffer from the Mind Body Syndrome (MBS) or Tension Myositis Syndrome (TMS) as described by Dr John Sarno. Dr Schubiner has created a program that uses both meditative and cutting edge psychological techniques to help individuals with chronic conditions, such as fibromyalgia, whiplash, back and neck pain, myofascial pain, TMJ syndrome, tension and migraine headaches, irritable bowel syndrome, irritable bladder syndrome, insomnia, anxiety, and other related conditions. Tune into this episode to hear more about this program and its potential to resolve chronic pain. *Highlights * About neural circuits (8:00) The value in simplifying information (15:00) How conditioning influences pain (20:00) Symbolic pain (26:00) Pain reprocessing therapy (34:00) How to reappraise pain sensations (40:00) Useful links: Websites mentioned: https://www.unlearnyourpain.com/ https://www.freedomfromchronicpain.com/ https://ppdassociation.org/ https://www.tmswiki.org/w/index.php?page=TheTensionMyositisSyndromeWiki Film Dr Howard mentions: https://www.thismighthurtfilm.com/ Link to paper: Effect of Pain Reprocessing Therapy vs Placebo and Usual Care for Patients With Chronic Back Pain: A Randomized Clinical Trial - https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34586357/ Link to paper: Emotional awareness and expression training improves irritable bowel syndrome: A randomized controlled trial – https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28643436/ Link to paper: Emotional awareness and expression therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, and education for fibromyalgia: a cluster-randomized controlled trial https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28796118/ Link to paper: Emotional Awareness and Expression Therapy Achieves Greater Pain Reduction than Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in Older Adults with Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain: A Preliminary Randomized Comparison Trial https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32451528/ Break Through With Healing Chronic Pain (Talks at Google) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0VyH1laOd2M Dr Howard's email – hschubiner@gmail.com

Gupta Program Brain Retraining™ is described as a powerful revolutionary neuroplasticity and holistic health program for chronic conditions. The program has changed the lives of many and is recommended by a host of internationally renowned specialists, including Dr Neil Nathan and Dr Michael Ruscio – both former guests of the Metagenics Institute Podcast. In this episode, Nathan speaks to Ashok, founder of Gupta Program Brain Retraining™ about the potential of this program for the treatment of long COVID. Listen in to hear Gupta's hypothesis and why brain retraining may be a useful option for those experiencing long COVID. *Highlights * An introduction to the Gupta Program Brain Retraining™ (2:00) The Gupta Program for long COVID (7:30) The value of brain retraining (12:30) The hypothesis behind long COVID (15:00) The insula and immune responses (24:30) Long COVID trial (32:30) About The Gupta Program (35:00) Discussion regarding COVID-19 vaccines (42:00) Future directions for research (50:00) Useful Links The Gupta Program website: https://www.guptaprogram.com/ 28-day free trial: https://www.guptaprogram.com/free-trial/ Paper - Mindfulness-Based Program Plus Amygdala and Insula Retraining (MAIR) for the Treatment of Women with Fibromyalgia: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial - https://www.guptaprogram.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/jcm-09-03246.pdf

Kristina Campbell, M.Sc., is a professional science communicator and engagement specialist who writes, consults, and works with scientific advisory boards for microbiome-related organizations throughout Europe and North America. In her website biography she writes, ‘Getting the science right is my number one priority. With all the work I curate and produce, I'll give you the facts, not the hype.' In this episode, Nathan speaks with Kristina about the latest research in microbiome science, covering topics such as the small intestinal microbiome, postbiotics, human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) and the potential therapeutic application of bacteriophages. Kristina has authored The Well-Fed Microbiome Cookbook (Rockridge Press, 2016) and has co-authored Gut Microbiota: Interactive Effects on Nutrition and Health (Elsevier, 2018), the first academic textbook on this topic aimed at dietitians and other health professionals. *Highlights * About the microbiome (6:00) Is the small intestine the next frontier in microbiome research? (11:30) The vaginal and cervical microbiome connection to endometriosis (16:00) Treating the skin microbiome (18:30) About bacteriophages (26:50) FMT (30:30) The mycobiome (35:00) Postbiotics (37:00) Akkermansia and other trending bacteria (43:00) Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) (50:00) Targeted diets for the microbiome (57:00) Useful links Kristina Campbell's website - https://www.bykriscampbell.com/ Link to the book, Gut Microbiota: Interactive Effects on Nutrition and Health - https://www.amazon.ca/Gut-Microbiota-Interactive-Effects-Nutrition-ebook/dp/B078S53TPQ The Microbiome Digest - https://microbiomedigest.com/ Kristina's dinner party guests: Yasmine Belkaid - http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/members/20041786.html Jeff Gordon - https://gordonlab.wustl.edu/ Rob Knight - https://knightlab.ucsd.edu/ Wendy Garrett - https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/wendy-garrett/

Have you ever wondered what interval training constitutes? In this episode, Professor Martin Gibala provides valuable commentary on this form of exercise, including lessons learned from research and its impact on health and wellbeing. Martin Gibala is a Professor of Kinesiology and Faculty of Science Research Chair at McMaster University in Hamilton, Canada. His research examines the integrative physiology of exercise at the molecular to whole body level in both healthy individuals and those with chronic disease. He has co-authored a bestselling book on the science of time-efficient exercise, The One-Minute Workout: Science Shows a Way to Get Fit That's Smarter, Faster, Shorter (Penguin Random House, 2017). If you are unsure about intermittent exercise or have any reservations about high intensity interval training, the information provided in this episode may answer questions, alleviate concerns, and even have you incorporating in this accessible form of exercise into your weekly schedule. *Highlights * An introduction to interval training (4:10) The benefits of interval training (13:00) Risks associated with high intensity exercise (23:30) Green zone training (26:00) Exercise for body composition, muscle mass and mood (32:00) About exercise snacks (38:00) Cardio fitness is achievable (48:00) Does the time of day matter? (57:30) The One-Minute Workout (62:00) Useful links Martin Gibala's website: https://martingibala.com/ Martin Gibala's book, The One-Minute Workout: https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/533236/the-one-minute-workout-by-martin-gibala-with-christopher-shulgan/9780399183669/

Datis Kharrazian is a Harvard Medical School trained and award-winning clinical research scientist, academic professor, and world-renowned functional medicine health care provider. He develops evidence-based models to treat autoimmune, neurological, and unidentified chronic diseases with non-pharmaceutical applications. His clinical models of evidence-based medicine are used by several academic institutions and thousands of health care providers throughout the world. The Kharrazian Institute was developed as an educational institute focused on teaching clinical practice models to healthcare professionals that are interested in nutrition, dietary, and lifestyle approaches to help improve the lives of patients suffering from chronic conditions. In this episode, Dr. Kharrazian shares his clinical wisdom regarding the management of gastrointestinal health. The conversation ranges from the role of traumatic brain injury in digestive disorders to his approach to assessing and treating gut conditions. This makes for highly valuable content for healthcare professionals, especially those practicing functional medicine. *Highlights * A functional approach to gut conditions (6:20) Traumatic brain injury and the gut-brain-axis (18:00) Approaching autoimmune digestive disorders (27:00) Correcting gut health from North to South (32:30) Examining intestinal permeability (37:30) The importance of microbiome diversity (44:00) About the Kharrazian Institute (52:00) Useful links Dr Datis Kharrazian website: https://drknews.com/ The Kharrazian Institute: https://kharrazianinstitute.com/ Paper - Reaction of Human Monoclonal Antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 Proteins With Tissue Antigens: Implications for Autoimmune Diseases - https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2020.617089/full Other citations for Dr Kharrazian - https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=y2wtigwAAAAJ&hl=en

Celebrating her 100th episode of Update in Under 30 and welcomed back to the Metagenics Institute Podcast by popular demand – it's quite the month for Rachel Arthur! In this episode, the Naturopath and diagnostics aficionado shares her exceptional understanding of iron studies. Rachel covers when to test and why, how to assess each marker, confounders, and important considerations for certain populations, including pregnant women and those who are inflamed or obese. If you're a clinician eager to improve your understanding of iron studies, you will not be disappointed. *Highlights * An evolutionary perspective on iron (10:50) Important considerations pre-iron testing (17:00) Which markers do not reliably reflect of iron status (22:20) Transferrin (27:00) Transferrin saturation (38:00) Ferritin (51:00) What you might not know about iron supplementation (1:00:00) Useful Links Rachel Arthur's webpage - https://rachelarthur.com.au/ Update in Under 30 - https://rachelarthur.com.au/product-category/update-in-under-30/

In this episode, Dr. Randy Seeley joins Nathan to discuss the latest scientific research regarding weight management – and it's absolutely fascinating. While treatment of overweight and obesity has traditionally focused on energy balance and glucose regulation, the future of weight management may actually lie in the gut. Seeley unpacks valuable lessons learned from bariatric surgery, explaining how leveraging the gut may serve as an important therapeutic opportunity. Dr Randy Seeley is the Henry King Ransom Endowed Professor of Surgery at the University of Michigan School of Medicine. He has published over 270 peer-reviewed articles, featured in prestigious journals such as Science, Nature and Cell Metabolism. Collectively, his work has been cited more than 20,000 times and Dr Seeley has an H-index of 66. As the podcast topic suggests, Seeley's scientific work centres around the role of peripheral hormones in the CNS that serve to regulate food intake, body weight and the levels of circulating fuels, and developing new treatment strategies for both obesity and diabetes. *Highlights * Why are we so overweight? (3:30) Signals involved in weight regulation (13:00) Lessons learned from bariatric surgery (20:00) Looking to non-surgical interventions that mimic the results of bariatric surgery (38:00) Iron deficiency anaemia in bariatric surgery (47:00) Tips for weight management (54:00) Combating the stigma of obesity (104:00) Useful links: Paper – Gimeno RE, Briere DA, Seeley RJ. Leveraging the Gut to Treat Metabolic Disease. Cell Metab. 2020;31(4):679-698. doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2020.02.014 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32187525/ Resource – https://www.obesityaction.org/

In this episode Nathan dips his toes into the field of psychology, speaking with Professor Ron Fischer about evolutionary psychology, parasite stress theory and how cultural norms and attitudes influence health behaviours, specifically with regards to the COVID-19 pandemic. Professor Ron's research interests include value and personality processes, with a specific focus on evolutionary dynamics across time and cultures as well as how values and personal traits influence our health and well-being. This fascinating conversation provides insight into potential influences of COVID-19 related health behaviour; tune in for a deeper understanding into what motivates our choice to social distance, wear masks and receive a vaccination. Highlights * Introduction to evolutionary psychology (6:00) * The Schwartz Model (12:00) * Parasite stress theory (20:00) * COVID-19 related health behaviours (33:30) * Insights into COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy (45:40) * Behavioural intentions regarding COVID-19 (59:30) Useful Links and Resources About Professor Ronald Fischer: https://people.wgtn.ac.nz/Ronald.Fischer/grants Research: Fischer R, Bortolini T, Pilati R, Porto J, Moll J. Values and COVID-19 worries: The importance of emotional stability traits. Personality and Individual Differences. 2021 Jun 22:111079. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0191886921004566?via%3Dihub Fischer R, Karl JA. Predicting Behavioral Intentions to Prevent or Mitigate COVID-19: A Cross-Cultural Meta-Analysis of Attitudes, Norms, and Perceived Behavioral Control Effects. Social Psychological and Personality Science. 2020 Nov 17:19485506211019844. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/19485506211019844 Edwards B, Biddle N, Gray M, Sollis K. COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and resistance: Correlates in a nationally representative longitudinal survey of the Australian population. PLoS One. 2021 Mar 24;16(3):e0248892. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248892. https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0248892 Thornhill R, Fincher CL. The parasite-stress theory of sociality, the behavioral immune system, and human social and cognitive uniqueness. Evolutionary Behavioral Sciences. 2014 Oct;8(4):257. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2014-41070-006 You Tube Videos: Parasite stress & human behavioral immune system https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RFqaAokX5Ao Has COVID-19 changed who we are? The case of human values https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OhtLQmUHD_I&t=849s

In this episode, Professor Elisabet Stener-Victorin from Karolinska Institute in Stockholm, shares understandings regarding the aetiology of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) according to the latest research. As a researcher, Elisabet and her team hope to uncover underlying causes of the disease, with the aim of finding better treatments in future. Interestingly, 20 genetic variations have been identified as well as links between androgen exposure in foetal life and epigenetic changes. Tune in to hear more from Professor Stener-Victorin. *Highlights * Potential causes of PCOS (3:00) Insights from Elisabet's research (15:30) How excess androgens in utero impact both genders (23:00) What causes elevated androgen exposure in utero? (30:00) Inflammation – a cause or consequence of PCOS? (37:00) Is the microbiome playing a role in PCOS? (39:30) The influence of electro-acupuncture on PCOS (42:30) Therapeutics on the horizon (52:00) Useful links and resources Professor Elisabet Stener-Victorin - https://staff.ki.se/people/elisabet-stener-victorin Professor Elisabet Stener-Victorin's research group - https://ki.se/en/fyfa/reproductive-endocrinology-and-metabolism-group-page http://ki.se/en/fyfa/reproductive-endocrinology-and-metabolism https://www.monash.edu/medicine/sphpm/mchri/pcos/guideline Recent publications Risal, S., et al. Prenatal androgen exposure and transgenerational susceptibility to polycystic ovary syndrome. Nature medicine 25, 1894-1904 (2019). Risal S. , et al. Prenatal androgen exposure causes a sexually dimorphic transgenerational increase in offspring susceptibility to anxiety disorders. Transl Psychiatry. 2021 Jan 13;11(1):45. doi: 10.1038/s41398-020-01183-9.PMID: 33441551 Stener-Victorin, E., et al. Animal models to understand the etiology and pathophysiology of polycystic ovary syndrome. Endocr Rev (2020). Stener-Victorin, E and Deng, Q. Epigenetic inheritance of polycystic ovary syndrome - challenges and opportunities for treatment Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2021 Jul 7. doi: 10.1038/s41574-021-00517-x. Online ahead of print.PMID: 34234312 Stener-Victorin E, Deng Q. Transmission of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome via Epigenetic Inheritance. Trends Mol Med. 2021 Jun 11:S1471-4914(21)00129-5. doi: 10.1016/j.molmed.2021.05.005. Online ahead of print.PMID: 34127396

Professor Roy Taylor is the Director of Newcastle Magnetic Resonance Centre and an honorary consultant Physician. He specialises in the application of magnetic resonance spectroscopy to clinical medicine, metabolic research in diabetes, as well as teaching in diabetes and obstetric medicine, and much more. Professor Taylor is also the author of books Life Without Diabetes and Your Simple Guide to Reversing Type 2 Diabetes. In this episode, Nathan talks to Roy about the significance of muscle insulin sensitivity, your personal fat threshold, GLP-agonists and most importantly, how caloric restriction can reverse diabetes. Professor Taylor's passion for the topic is palpable and makes for a great podcast! *Highlights * Why excess caloric intake matters (3:50) Introduction to the twin cycle hypothesis (7:00) The significance of visceral fat (16:35) Muscle insulin sensitivity (19:10) Your personal fat threshold (26:35) Reversing diabetes with caloric restriction (32:40) Caloric restriction in action (43:40) GLP-1 agonists (54:00) Research on the horizon (1:00:00) Useful links and resources: The study Prof Taylor mentions: Very Low-Calorie Diet and 6 Months of Weight Stability in Type 2 Diabetes: Pathophysiological Changes in Responders and Nonresponders - https://care.diabetesjournals.org/content/41/6/1321.1 Review article by Prof Taylor: Type 2 diabetes and remission: practical management guided by pathophysiology - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8247294/ Prof Taylor's books: https://www.amazon.com/Professor-Roy-Taylor/e/B0831TXHKF%3Fref=dbsamngrwtscns_share

Dr Taylor Krick is a Chiropractor and Functional Medicine Practitioner practicing from the Washington Wellness Centre in Washington, Illinois. He has a special interest in educating people to help take control of their health, and in this episode, he and Nathan discuss the use of transcutaneous vagal nerve stimulation (tVNS) to aid healing. Dr Krick provides a lesson on the vagal nerve as well as the use of tVNS in practice, including who may be suited to this method of therapy and specific information regarding the use of devices. Tune in to learn how to improve your or your patients' vagal tone for optimal health and wellbeing. Highlights About the wanderer nerve (9:00) Accessing the vagal nerve (19:20) Transcutaneous vagal nerve stimulation in practice (30:00) Discussion regarding the research landscape (38:00) Treating chronic illness (43:00) Using a transcutaneous vagal nerve stimulation device in clinic (49:30) Where you can find Dr Taylor Krick (58:00) Useful links and resources Dr Taylor Krick's clinic: Washington Wellness Center - https://www.washwellnesscenter.com/ Wellness Washington Center educational videos - https://www.washwellnesscenter.com/videos

With over 20 years of experience in the clinic and the ‘classroom' as one of the top practitioners and educators in integrative nutrition and health, Rachel Arthur has attracted a large following of clinicians who value her outstanding independent, unbiased education and leadership. With a particular interest and highly developed skill-set in diagnostics, Rachel helps Practitioners derive important information from mainstream pathology results. In this episode, Rachel shares insights into common pathology markers, including GGT, ALT and ALP as well as CRP, uric acid and the albumin / globulin ratio. She highlights the importance of monitoring intraindividual shifts and imparts valuable considerations for interpretation. This is a must-listen for health professionals! *Highlights * How does pathology interpretation fit in a Naturopath's scope of practice? (4:30) How are reference ranges determined? (7:50) GGT (12:30) How do you explain atypical results to patients? (15:00) ALT (20:00) CRP (27:00) TSH (31:00) Uric acid (35:30) ALP (39:00) Albumin / Globulin Ratio (42:30) Monitoring intraindividual shifts (50:30) About Rachel Arthur's MasterCourse - Comprehensive Diagnostics (57:30) Useful links and resources: e.g: Follow Metagenics on Instagram - @metagenics_anz (https://www.instagram.com/metagenics_anz/) Website: https://rachelarthur.com.au/ Rachel's Mastercourse Comprehensive Diagnostics: https://rachelarthur.com.au/mastercourse-comprehensive-diagnostics/ Paper Rachel mentions: Whyte MB, Kelly P. The normal range: it is not normal and it is not a range. Postgrad Med J . 2018;94:613–616. Instagram handle: @rachelarthurnutrition

Dr Herman Pontzer is an internationally recognised researcher in human energetics and evolution. He has conducted pathbreaking studies across a range of settings, including fieldwork with Hadza hunter-gatherers in Northern Tanzania, chimpanzee ecology in the rainforests of Uganda, and metabolic measurements of great apes in zoos and sanctuaries around the globe. He recently released the book, Burn: The Misunderstood Science of Metabolism, a fascinating must-read. Nathan sat down with Herman and discussed major theories and research relating to metabolism, including the carbohydrate-insulin model of obesity, the role of the hypothalamus in energy expenditure and lesson learned from the Hadza tribe. *Highlights * The metabolic revolution (3:30) The additive model (14:00) How your brain controls energy expenditure (19:00) We eat what we can get our hands on (30:00) Re-examining the carbohydrate insulin model (36:00) Exercise helps you maintain weight loss (41:00) Studying Hudza life (50:00) Useful links and resources: e.g: Follow Metagenics on Instagram - @metagenics_anz (https://www.instagram.com/metagenics_anz/) Dr Herman Pontzer’s book - https://www.amazon.com.au/Burn-Misunderstood-Metabolism-Herman-Pontzer/dp/0241388422/ref=ascdf0241388422/?tag=googleshopdsk-22&linkCode=df0&hvadid=463870498773&hvpos=&hvnetw=g&hvrand=539011197377358903&hvpone=&hvptwo=&hvqmt=&hvdev=c&hvdvcmdl=&hvlocint=&hvlocphy=9068941&hvtargid=pla-1093754365871&psc=1 The Hadza Fund - https://www.hadzafund.org/ Study by Hall and colleagues “Ultra-Processed Diets Cause Excess Calorie Intake and Weight Gain: An Inpatient Randomized Controlled Trial of Ad Libitum Food Intake” - https://www.cell.com/cell-metabolism/pdf/S1550-4131(19)30248-7.pdf

In this episode, Nathan sits down with Tania de Jong and Dr Alana Roy from Mind Medicine Australia to discuss the use of psychedelics for mental health. Mind Medicine Australia (MMA) is a charity that seeks to alleviate the suffering caused by mental illness in Australia through expanding the treatment options available to medical practitioners and their patients. MMA are focused on the development of safe and effective psychedelic-assisted therapies to cure a range of mental illnesses. *Highlights * Types of psychedelics (6:00) How psychedelics exert beneficial effects (8:30) What the research is telling us (12:00) What a session involves (20:00) A discussion regarding psychedelic safety (25:50) Accessibility of psychedelic medicines (31:00) Mind Medicine Australia initiatives (33:00) Certificate in Psychedelic-Assisted Therapies (CPAT) (36:00) *Useful Links and Resources: eg: * Follow Metagenics on Instagram - @metagenics_anz (https://www.instagram.com/metagenics_anz/) https://mindmedicineaustralia.org.au/ For a Certificate in Psychedelic-Assisted Therapies -https://mindmedicineaustralia.org.au/certificate-in-psychedelic-assisted-therapies-cpat/ Link to the International Summit on Psychedelic Therapies - https://mindmedicineaustralia.org.au/international-summit-on-psychedelic-therapies/ Watch this animation to find out why psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy needs to be available to those who are suffering - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VSO8UTQvYUw Link to news in this space - https://mindmedicineaustralia.org/news/ Psychiatrist Dr Paul Fitzgerald’s recent short article on the urgent need for innovation in this space - https://medium.com/@pbfitzgerald/the-challenges-of-depression-treatment-in-2020-abd74269764

What if sugar isn’t as bad as it’s made out to be? Nathan discusses all things sugar with career research scientist and educator Dr Tim Crowe. Dr Crowe draws on 25 years in research to address conflicting information in the field of nutrition. He hosts the popular podcast Thinking Nutrition and is co-author of the book Understanding Nutrition. If you’re looking for a research update on sugar, you came to the right place. *Highlights * Sugar chemistry 101 (6:00) Does fructose cause weight gain? (14:30) Examining sugar addiction (19:00) Myth busting - is there a connection between sugar and hyperactivity? (22:20) Non-nutritional sweeteners: helpful or harmful? (28:00) Artificial sweeteners and the microbiome (34:00) Do we need a sugar tax? (38:00) Useful links and resources: e.g: https://www.thinkingnutrition.com.au/ https://podcasts.apple.com/au/podcast/thinking-nutrition/id1494549885 Links to research mentioned: Declining consumption of added sugars and sugar-sweetened beverages in Australia: a challenge for obesity prevention - https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28275129/ Sugar and artificially sweetened beverages and risk of obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and all-cause mortality: a dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies - https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32529512/ Effect of fructose instead of glucose or sucrose on cardiometabolic markers: a systematic review and meta-analysis of isoenergetic intervention trials -https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33029629/ Which foods may be addictive? The roles of processing, fat content, and glycemic load - https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25692302/ Non-nutritive sweeteners for diabetes mellitus - https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32449201/

Lara Briden is a naturopathic doctor and bestselling author of the book Period Repair Manual - a practical guide for treating period problems with nutrition, supplements, and bioidentical hormones. This year, Lara has released her new book, The Hormone Repair Manual, which explains how to navigate the change of perimenopause and relieve symptoms with natural treatments. In this episode, she explains the ins and outs of ‘second puberty’ and her favourite nutrients to support this time of life, as well as a fascinating evolutionary perspective on menopause. Tune in for a host of clinical gems! Highlights What motivated Lara to write The Hormone Repair Manual? (1:30) The perimenopausal years, aka ‘second puberty’ (4:00) Novel insights into nutrients for hormonal support (15:00) The recalibration process (19:00) Why you shouldn’t drink alcohol during perimenopause (25:30) Debunking the controversy surrounding phytoestrogens (29:00) The evolutionary take on menopause (33:00) Nutrients for perimenopause and menopause (43:00) Discussion regarding hormonal therapy (50:00) *Useful Links and Resources * https://www.larabriden.com/ https://www.larabriden.com/hormone-repair-manual/ Lara Briden on Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/larabriden/ Metagenics on Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/metagenics_anz/

Kara Fitzgerald and her research team were the first to demonstrate potential reversal of biological age in humans by targeting methylation. In their study, the prescribed program included multiple components with documented mechanistic activity on epigenetic pathways. Tune in to hear the details of her research and learn how to influence your epigenetics. Dr. Kara Fitzgerald has a doctorate of naturopathic medicine, and has been published in numerous peer-reviewed journals. She is on faculty at the Institute for Functional Medicine, and is an Institute for Functional Medicine Certified Practitioner. She regularly lectures internationally for several organizations and is in private practice in Sandy Hook, Connecticut. Highlights What motivated Kara to move into epigenetic research? (2:30) Introduction to epigenetic clocks (9:00) What positively impacts our epigenetics? (24:00) Kara details her research (30:00) Methylation adaptogens (35:00) Kara’s hopes for future research (45:00) *Useful Links and Resources * https://www.drkarafitzgerald.com/ For Kara’s list of methylation adaptogens and links to her books: https://www.drkarafitzgerald.com/professionals/methylation-diet-lifestyle/ Kara’s research - https://www.researchgate.net/publication/342929824ReversalofEpigeneticAgewithDietandLifestyleinaPilotRandomizedClinicalTrial Research links: https://www.drkarafitzgerald.com/professionals/research-news-ideas/ My DNA age - https://www.mydnage.com/ HK Epitherapeutics - http://www.hkgepitherapeutics.com/ About Moshe Szyf - http://www.hkgepitherapeutics.com/about/moshe-szyf/ Metagenics Congress - https://metagenicsinstitute.com.au/congress-2021

As an expert in mast cell activation syndrome (MCAS), Dr Tania Dempsey, imparts priceless information regarding the nature and treatment of this insidious condition. Among many insights, Dr Dempsey explains how to distinguish histamine intolerance from MCAS, the impact of this condition on gastrointestinal health, as well as views on the connection between COVID-19 and MCAS. Importantly, Dr Dempsey draws on years of experience to provide advice on the identification and management of MCAS. Dr. Dempsey is Board Certified in Internal Medicine and a Diplomate of the American Board of Integrative and Holistic Medicine. She has served as an attending physician at a large multi-specialty medical practice in White Plains, NY, and since opened AIM Centre for Personalised Medicine. *Highlights * What is MCAS and how prevalent is it? (6:30) Examining the connection between gut health and MCAS (13:00) Histamine intolerance versus MCAS (21:30) Why a personalised diet is important (27:00) MCAS and COVID-19 (38:20) How to spot MCAS (47:20) Stabilising mast cells and avoiding triggers (53:00) **Useful links and resources: Follow Metagenics on Instagram here - https://www.instagram.com/metagenics_anz/ Or on Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/metagenics Website: https://www.drtaniadempsey.com/ LinkedIn: AIM Centre for Personalised Medicine - https://www.linkedin.com/company/armonk-integrative-medicine#:~:text=Tania%20Tyles%20Dempsey%2C%20MD%2C%20founder,Dr. Twitter account: https://twitter.com/drtaniadempsey?lang=en Paper Tania mentions: Afrin LB, Weinstock LB, Molderings GJ. Covid-19 hyperinflammation and post-Covid-19 illness may be rooted in mast cell activation syndrome. Int J Infect Dis. 2020;100:327-332. doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2020.09.016 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7529115/

Science educator, Jason Wilson is the host of The Curious About Cannabis Podcast which answers questions about the world’s most controversial plant – Cannabis. In this episode, Wilson provides an in-depth history lesson on Cannabinoid science, as well as the use of Cannabis extracts for medicinal purposes and the future of Cannabis research. Highlights: Jason’s journey to Cannabinoid research (1:30) A history lesson on Cannabinoid science (14:00) Examining endocannabinoid derangement and supplementation with phytocannabinoids (36:00) The entourage effect (45:00) Lesser known and emerging cannabinoids (55:00) Medicinal cannabis (1:02:00) Directions for future research (1:14:00) Useful links and resources: Follow Metagenics on Instagram here - https://www.instagram.com/metagenics_anz/ Or on Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/metagenics If you are a Healthcare Practitioner in Australia or New Zealand, keep up latest industry news and events by joining our private Practitioner Only Facebook Group - https://www.facebook.com/groups/MetagenicsAU Jason Wilson’s book – Curious About Cannabis: A Scientific Introduction to the World's Most Controversial Plant - https://www.cacpodcast.com/book.html#/

Daniele Piomelli joins us from the University of California, Irvine, where he is the Louise Turner Arnold Chair in Neurosciences and Distinguished Professor of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Pharmacology and Biological Chemistry. Piomelli is the author of over 400 peer-reviewed articles in journals such as Nature, Science, Nature Medicine, PNAS and Nature Neuroscience, three books, and 34 patents. He is also the Director of the Centre for the Study of Cannabis and Editor-in-Chief of Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research, the first peer-reviewed journal entirely dedicated to the study of cannabis, its derivatives, and their endogenous counterparts in the human body. In this episode, he shares a wealth of information regarding the endocannabinoid system and the acylethanolamides, oleoylethanolamide (OEA) and palmitoylethanolamide (PEA). Highlights The endocannabinoid system (3:30) The fascinating history of PEA (25:50) The role of OEA in fat digestion (34:00) Zoning in on PEA (42:00) PEA dosage and time to benefit (56:00) Synergism for pain management (59:00) Useful links and resources: e.g: Follow Metagenics on Instagram here - https://www.instagram.com/metagenics_anz/ Or on Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/metagenics If you are a Healthcare Practitioner in Australia or New Zealand, keep up latest industry news and events by joining our private Practitioner Only Facebook Group - https://www.facebook.com/groups/MetagenicsAU Daniele Piomelli Google Scholar citations - https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=c0v1zcoAAAAJ&hl=en

Dr Tommy Wood earned his medical degree at the University of Oxford, and subsequently completed PhD in physiology and neuroscience at the University of Oslo. Currently, he holds academic positions at the University of Washington and Institute for Human and Machine Cognition. One of Dr Wood’s research interests is developing easily-accessible methods with which to track human health, performance, and longevity. In this episode, Dr Wood shares a plethora of information regarding the science of longevity, including patterns in ageing, determining biological age, and importantly, whether specific ingredients can increase longevity. *Highlights * The fascination with extending the lifespan (5:00) Looking to the Blue Zones (8:30) The biomarkers of ageing (15:50) Determining your biological age (21:00) Biological drivers of ageing (31:40) Diving into caloric restriction (38:00) Macronutrients for health and longevity (55:00) Ingredients to improve longevity (75:00) Useful links and resources: e.g: For more Metagenics follow us on Instagram https://www.instagram.com/metagenics_anz/ If you're a Healthcare Practitioner in Australia or New Zealand, join our private Facebook group https://www.facebook.com/groups/MetagenicsAU Follow Dr Tommy Wood on Instagram here - https://www.instagram.com/drtommywood/ Genetic testing providers Tommy Wood mentions: Elysium - https://www.elysiumhealth.com/en-us/index Chronomics - https://www.chronomics.com/dna Paper – Li J, Bonkowski MS, Moniot S, Zhang D, Hubbard BP, Ling AJ, Rajman LA, Qin B, Lou Z, Gorbunova V, Aravind L, Steegborn C, Sinclair DA. A conserved NAD+ binding pocket that regulates protein-protein interactions during aging. Science. 2017 Mar 24;355(6331):1312-1317. doi: 10.1126/science.aad8242. PMID: 28336669 Link: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28336669/ Paper – Newman S. Supercentenarians and the oldest old are concentrated into regions with no birth certificates and short lifespans. 2019 Jul. doi: 10.1101/704080 Link - https://www.researchgate.net/publication/334497888Supercentenariansandtheoldest-oldareconcentratedintoregionswithnobirthcertificatesandshort_lifespans

In this episode, Nathan had the honour of discussing intestinal permeability and ‘leaky gut’ with renowned gastroenterologist, Dr Eammon Quigley. He is internationally known for his research on gastrointestinal motility disorders, neurogastroenterology and the gut microbiome and has published more than 800 peer-reviewed articles, reviews, editorials, book chapters and case reports. Quigley is past president of the American College of Gastroenterology and the World Gastroenterology Organisation. His current responsibilities include, but are not limited to, the David M. Underwood Chair of Medicine in Digestive Disorders, Head of Gastroenterology and Hepatology at Houston Methodist Hospital, and Professor of Medicine at both the Institute of Academic Medicine and Weill Cornwell Medical College. *Highlights * Debunking the gut barrier (6:00) Evaluating tests to assess gut permeability (12:40) Does targeting paracellular permeability improve disease? (22:00) The role of the gut microbiome (29:20) Maintaining the gut barrier (33:10) Useful links and resources: e.g: Follow Metagenics on Instagram here - https://www.instagram.com/metagenics_anz/ Or on Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/metagenics Keep up withthe latest industry news and events by joining our private Practitioner Only Facebook Group - https://www.facebook.com/groups/MetagenicsAU Article: Quigley EMM, 2016 – ‘Leaky gut - concept or clinical entity?’ - https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26760399/ Article: Camilleri M, 2019 – ‘Leaky gut: mechanisms, measurement and clinical implications in humans’ - https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31076401/ Article: Zuo L, Kuo WT, Turner JR - Tight Junctions as Targets and Effectors of Mucosal Immune Homeostasis - https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32304780/

For anyone fascinated by the gut-brain connection, this episode is sure to pique your interest. Scott C Anderson is a scientist, science journalist and co-author of the book, The Psychobiotic Revolution. With great enthusiasm, he brings us up to speed on gut-brain axis centred research – from the relationship between gut health and depression, to the role psychobiotics and diet in the management of mental health conditions. ** Highlights ** Origins of research on the gut-brain axis (5:20) Chronic inflammation at the root of mood disorders (11:00) Markers used to assess gut health (14:30) The role of the vagus nerve in gut-brain cross-talk (21:20) Does poor gut health cause depression? (23:40) The relationship between gut health and ASD (28:00) Drawing our focus to cognitive health (33:00) What role does the small intestine play in disease? (37:00) Exploring the use of psychobiotics (42:30) Therapies to keep an eye on (57:25) Useful links and resources: e.g: Book –The Psychobiotic Revolution: Mood, Food, and the New Science of the Gut-Brain Connection Amazon link to purchase book - https://www.amazon.com.au/Psychobiotic-Revolution-Scott-C-Anderson/dp/142621846X Website - http://psychobiotic-revolution.com/ Twitter - https://twitter.com/Psychobiotic Psychology today link: https://www.psychologytoday.com/au/blog/mood-microbe

Looking for a novel approach to exercise for chronic disease populations? You’ve come to the right place. Nathan’s guest, Dr Brendan Scott provides a comprehensive review on blood flow restriction (BFR) training, a technique used to enhance muscular strength and hypertrophy through resistance and aerobic exercise. Dr Scott is a Senior lecturer in Strength and Conditioning at Murdoch University and has a keen interest in hypoxic and blood flow restriction training strategies. *Highlights * The origins of BFR training (6:05) What happens when you change blood flow characteristics (11:20) Benefits of BFR training (16:55) Using BFR in aerobic exercise (27:30) Safety concerns for this form of exercise (31:50) The equipment requirements (40:20) The future of BFR research (50:20) *Useful links and resources: * Dr Brendan Scott’s Murdoch University profile, and list of publications - http://profiles.murdoch.edu.au/myprofile/brendan-scott/ Join the Metagenics Practitioner Only Facebook Group here - https://www.facebook.com/groups/MetagenicsAU/permalink/1250761761953759/?comment_id=1251570225206246 Follow Metagenics on Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/metagenics_anz/ or Like us on Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/metagenics

Following his ME/CFS diagnosis 20 years ago, Ashok Gupta went on a journey to reclaim his health. His road to recovery emphasised the importance of retraining his brain and he subsequently created a 7-step program to promote neuroplasticity and support healing from chronic illness. In this episode, Gupta explains the basis for his hypothesis and shares an overview of the steps involved in the brain retraining process. A truly fascinating episode, you shan’t be disappointed! *Highlights * • Looking to the brain (2:55) • Gupta’s hypothesis - “we are survival machines” (4:30) • Why we need to address the cause of complaints (15:00) • Honing in on the amygdala and insular (17:00) • Fear extinction (27:00) • Retraining the brain (30:00) • Research results from amygdala and insular retraining (39:00) • Who would benefit from this program? (44:40) • How to sign up (53:20) Useful links and resources: e.g: https://www.guptaprogram.com/

Whether you’re intrigued by the science of sleep or simply looking for tools to improve your sleep quality, there’s no doubt you’ll appreciate this podcast episode. Nathan’s guest, Greg Potter, has a PhD in sleep patterns, dietary habits and metabolic health, and his research has been featured in the likes of TIME magazine and The Washington Post. Potter expertly answers all-important questions such as how much sleep do we actually need? What do sleep tracking devices offer? And how does CBT-I help in the quest for a good night’s rest? Enjoy the pillow talk with Greg Potter. *Highlights * • The impact of sleep on the immune system (3:10) • Night-time sleep affects day-time mood (8:00) • How much sleep do we actually need? (12:10) • Sleep and ageing (17:40) • Tracking your sleep (19:40) • Why you can’t sleep (30:00) • How to improve your sleep (34:30) • All about CBT-I (37:00) • Sleeping aids and supplements (52:15) Useful links and resources: e.g: CBT-I research links - Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis – 2015 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26054060/?fromterm=insomnia&fromfilter=pubt.meta-analysis&fromfilter=pubt.randomizedcontrolledtrial&fromfilter=pubt.systematicreviews&fromfilter=years.2015-2020&frompos=2 Effect of Digital Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia on Health, Psychological Well-being, and Sleep-Related Quality of Life: A Randomized Clinical Trial https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30264137/?fromterm=insomnia&fromfilter=pubt.meta-analysis&fromfilter=pubt.randomizedcontrolledtrial&fromfilter=pubt.systematicreviews&fromfilter=years.2018-2020&frompage=3&frompos=6 The Effectiveness of Behavioural and Cognitive Behavioural Therapies for Insomnia on Depressive and Fatigue Symptoms: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28619248/?fromterm=insomnia&fromfilter=pubt.meta-analysis&fromfilter=pubt.systematicreviews&fromfilter=years.2018-2020&frompage=4&frompos=3 Digitally-delivered Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy for Youth Insomnia: A Systematic Review Results showed that eCBT-I improved sleep efficiency, sleep quality, sleep-onset latency and total sleep time with effect sizes ranging from 0.17-1.30 (Cohen's d). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30135762/?fromterm=insomnia&fromfilter=pubt.meta-analysis&fromfilter=pubt.systematicreviews&fromfilter=years.2018-2020&frompage=6&from_pos=7 Some devices mentioned: Ebb device – https://www.ebbsleep.com/ Photobiomodulation device – https://joovv.com/ Oura ring - https://ouraring.com/