Podcasts about misbehavior

Last time we spoke about the surrender of Japan. Emperor Hirohito announced the surrender on August 15, prompting mixed public reactions: grief, shock, and sympathy for the Emperor, tempered by fear of hardship and occupation. The government's response included resignations and suicide as new leadership was brought in under Prime Minister Higashikuni, with Mamoru Shigemitsu as Foreign Minister and Kawabe Torashiro heading a delegation to Manila. General MacArthur directed the occupation plan, “Blacklist,” prioritizing rapid, phased entry into key Japanese areas and Korea, while demobilizing enemy forces. The surrender ceremony occurred aboard the Missouri in Tokyo Bay on September 2, with Wainwright, Percival, Nimitz, and UN representatives in attendance. Civilians and soldiers across Asia began surrendering, and postwar rehabilitation, Indochina and Vietnam's independence movements, and Southeast Asian transitions rapidly unfolded as Allied forces established control. This episode is the Aftermath of the Pacific War Welcome to the Pacific War Podcast Week by Week, I am your dutiful host Craig Watson. But, before we start I want to also remind you this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Perhaps you want to learn more about world war two? Kings and Generals have an assortment of episodes on world war two and much more  so go give them a look over on Youtube. So please subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry for some more history related content, over on my channel, the Pacific War Channel you can find a few videos all the way from the Opium Wars of the 1800's until the end of the Pacific War in 1945.  The Pacific War has ended. Peace has been restored by the Allies and most of the places conquered by the Japanese Empire have been liberated. In this post-war period, new challenges would be faced for those who won the war; and from the ashes of an empire, a defeated nation was also seeking to rebuild. As the Japanese demobilized their armed forces, many young boys were set to return to their homeland, even if they had previously thought that they wouldn't survive the ordeal. And yet, there were some cases of isolated men that would continue to fight for decades even, unaware that the war had already ended.  As we last saw, after the Japanese surrender, General MacArthur's forces began the occupation of the Japanese home islands, while their overseas empire was being dismantled by the Allies. To handle civil administration, MacArthur established the Military Government Section, commanded by Brigadier-General William Crist, staffed by hundreds of US experts trained in civil governance who were reassigned from Okinawa and the Philippines. As the occupation began, Americans dispatched tactical units and Military Government Teams to each prefecture to ensure that policies were faithfully carried out. By mid-September, General Eichelberger's 8th Army had taken over the Tokyo Bay region and began deploying to occupy Hokkaido and the northern half of Honshu. Then General Krueger's 6th Army arrived in late September, taking southern Honshu and Shikoku, with its base in Kyoto. In December, 6th Army was relieved of its occupation duties; in January 1946, it was deactivated, leaving the 8th Army as the main garrison force. By late 1945, about 430,000 American soldiers were garrisoned across Japan. President Truman approved inviting Allied involvement on American terms, with occupation armies integrated into a US command structure. Yet with the Chinese civil war and Russia's reluctance to place its forces under MacArthur's control, only Australia, Britain, India, and New Zealand sent brigades, more than 40,000 troops in southwestern Japan. Japanese troops were gradually disarmed by order of their own commanders, so the stigma of surrender would be less keenly felt by the individual soldier. In the homeland, about 1.5 million men were discharged and returned home by the end of August. Demobilization overseas, however, proceeded, not quickly, but as a long, difficult process of repatriation. In compliance with General Order No. 1, the Japanese Imperial General Headquarters disbanded on September 13 and was superseded by the Japanese War Department to manage demobilization. By November 1, the homeland had demobilized 2,228,761 personnel, roughly 97% of the Homeland Army. Yet some 6,413,215 men remained to be repatriated from overseas. On December 1, the Japanese War Ministry dissolved, and the First Demobilization Ministry took its place. The Second Demobilization Ministry was established to handle IJN demobilization, with 1,299,868 sailors, 81% of the Navy, demobilized by December 17. Japanese warships and merchant ships had their weapons rendered inoperative, and suicide craft were destroyed. Forty percent of naval vessels were allocated to evacuations in the Philippines, and 60% to evacuations of other Pacific islands. This effort eventually repatriated about 823,984 men to Japan by February 15, 1946. As repatriation accelerated, by October 15 only 1,909,401 men remained to be repatriated, most of them in the Soviet Union. Meanwhile, the Higashikuni Cabinet and Foreign Minister Shigemitsu Mamoru managed to persuade MacArthur not to impose direct military rule or martial law over all of Japan. Instead, the occupation would be indirect, guided by the Japanese government under the Emperor's direction. An early decision to feed occupation forces from American supplies, and to allow the Japanese to use their own limited food stores, helped ease a core fear: that Imperial forces would impose forced deliveries on the people they conquered. On September 17, MacArthur transferred his headquarters from Yokohama to Tokyo, setting up primary offices on the sixth floor of the Dai-Ichi Mutual Life Insurance Building, an imposing edifice overlooking the moat and the Imperial palace grounds in Hibiya, a symbolic heart of the nation.  While the average soldier did not fit the rapacious image of wartime Japanese propagandists, occupation personnel often behaved like neo-colonial overlords. The conquerors claimed privileges unimaginable to most Japanese. Entire trains and train compartments, fitted with dining cars, were set aside for the exclusive use of occupation forces. These silenced, half-empty trains sped past crowded platforms, provoking ire as Japanese passengers were forced to enter and exit packed cars through punched-out windows, or perch on carriage roofs, couplings, and running boards, often with tragic consequences. The luxury express coaches became irresistible targets for anonymous stone-throwers. During the war, retrenchment measures had closed restaurants, cabarets, beer halls, geisha houses, and theatres in Tokyo and other large cities. Now, a vast leisure industry sprang up to cater to the needs of the foreign occupants. Reopened restaurants and theatres, along with train stations, buses, and streetcars, were sometimes kept off limits to Allied personnel, partly for security, partly to avoid burdening Japanese resources, but a costly service infrastructure was built to the occupiers' specifications. Facilities reserved for occupation troops bore large signs reading “Japanese Keep Out” or “For Allied Personnel Only.” In downtown Tokyo, important public buildings requisitioned for occupation use had separate entrances for Americans and Japanese. The effect? A subtle but clear colour bar between the predominantly white conquerors and the conquered “Asiatic” Japanese. Although MacArthur was ready to work through the Japanese government, he lacked the organizational infrastructure to administer a nation of 74 million. Consequently, on October 2, MacArthur dissolved the Military Government Section and inaugurated General Headquarters, Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers, a separate headquarters focused on civil affairs and operating in tandem with the Army high command. SCAP immediately assumed responsibility for administering the Japanese home islands. It commandeered every large building not burned down to house thousands of civilians and requisitioned vast tracts of prime real estate to quarter several hundred thousand troops in the Tokyo–Yokohama area alone. Amidst the rise of American privilege, entire buildings were refurbished as officers' clubs, replete with slot machines and gambling parlours installed at occupation expense. The Stars and Stripes were hoisted over Tokyo, while the display of the Rising Sun was banned; and the downtown area, known as “Little America,” was transformed into a US enclave. The enclave mentality of this cocooned existence was reinforced by the arrival within the first six months of roughly 700 American families. At the peak of the occupation, about 14,800 families employed some 25,000 Japanese servants to ease the “rigours” of overseas duty. Even enlisted men in the sparse quonset-hut towns around the city lived like kings compared with ordinary Japanese. Japanese workers cleaned barracks, did kitchen chores, and handled other base duties. The lowest private earned a 25% hardship bonus until these special allotments were discontinued in 1949. Most military families quickly adjusted to a pampered lifestyle that went beyond maids and “boys,” including cooks, laundresses, babysitters, gardeners, and masseuses. Perks included spacious quarters with swimming pools, central heating, hot running water, and modern plumbing. Two observers compared GHQ to the British Raj at its height. George F. Kennan, head of the State Department's Policy Planning Staff, warned during his 1948 mission to Japan that Americans had monopolized “everything that smacks of comfort or elegance or luxury,” criticizing what he called the “American brand of philistinism” and the “monumental imperviousness” of MacArthur's staff to the Japanese suffering. This conqueror's mentality also showed in the bullying attitudes many top occupation officials displayed toward the Japanese with whom they dealt. Major Faubion Bowers, MacArthur's military secretary, later said, “I and nearly all the occupation people I knew were extremely conceited and extremely arrogant and used our power every inch of the way.” Initially, there were spasms of defiance against the occupation forces, such as anonymous stone-throwing, while armed robbery and minor assaults against occupation personnel were rife in the weeks and months after capitulation. Yet active resistance was neither widespread nor organized. The Americans successfully completed their initial deployment without violence, an astonishing feat given a heavily armed and vastly superior enemy operating on home terrain. The average citizen regarded the occupation as akin to force majeure, the unfortunate but inevitable aftermath of a natural calamity. Japan lay prostrate. Industrial output had fallen to about 10% of pre-war levels, and as late as 1946, more than 13 million remained unemployed. Nearly 40% of Japan's urban areas had been turned to rubble, and some 9 million people were homeless. The war-displaced, many of them orphans, slept in doorways and hallways, in bombed-out ruins, dugouts and packing crates, under bridges or on pavements, and crowded the hallways of train and subway stations. As winter 1945 descended, with food, fuel, and clothing scarce, people froze to death. Bonfires lit the streets to ward off the chill. "The only warm hands I have shaken thus far in Japan belonged to Americans," Mark Gayn noted in December 1945. "The Japanese do not have much of a chance to thaw out, and their hands are cold and red." Unable to afford shoes, many wore straw sandals; those with geta felt themselves privileged. The sight of a man wearing a woman's high-buttoned shoes in winter epitomized the daily struggle to stay dry and warm. Shantytowns built of scrap wood, rusted metal, and scavenged odds and ends sprang up everywhere, resembling vast junk yards. The poorest searched smouldering refuse heaps for castoffs that might be bartered for a scrap to eat or wear. Black markets (yami'ichi) run by Japanese, Koreans, and For-mosans mushroomed to replace collapsed distribution channels and cash in on inflated prices. Tokyo became "a world of scarcity in which every nail, every rag, and even a tangerine peel [had a] market value." Psychologically numbed, disoriented, and disillusioned with their leaders, demobilized veterans and civilians alike struggled to get their bearings, shed militaristic ideologies, and begin to embrace new values. In the vacuum of defeat, the Japanese people appeared ready to reject the past and grasp at the straw held out by the former enemy. Relations between occupier and occupied were not smooth, however. American troops comported themselves like conquerors, especially in the early weeks and months of occupation. Much of the violence was directed against women, with the first attacks beginning within hours after the landing of advance units. When US paratroopers landed in Sapporo, an orgy of looting, sexual violence, and drunken brawling ensued. Newspaper accounts reported 931 serious offences by GIs in the Yokohama area during the first week of occupation, including 487 armed robberies, 411 thefts of currency or goods, 9 rapes, 5 break-ins, 3 cases of assault and battery, and 16 other acts of lawlessness. In the first 10 days of occupation, there were 1,336 reported rapes by US soldiers in Kanagawa Prefecture alone. Americans were not the only perpetrators. A former prostitute recalled that when Australian troops arrived in Kure in early 1946, they “dragged young women into their jeeps, took them to the mountain, and then raped them. I heard them screaming for help nearly every night.” Such behaviour was commonplace, but news of criminal activity by occupation forces was quickly suppressed. On September 10, 1945, SCAP issued press and pre-censorship codes outlawing the publication of reports and statistics "inimical to the objectives of the occupation." In the sole instance of self-help General Eichelberger records in his memoirs, when locals formed a vigilante group and retaliated against off-duty GIs, 8th Army ordered armored vehicles into the streets and arrested the ringleaders, who received lengthy prison terms. Misbehavior ranged from black-market activity, petty theft, reckless driving, and disorderly conduct to vandalism, arson, murder, and rape. Soldiers and sailors often broke the law with impunity, and incidents of robbery, rape, and even murder were widely reported. Gang rapes and other sex atrocities were not infrequent; victims, shunned as outcasts, sometimes turned to prostitution in desperation, while others took their own lives to avoid bringing shame to their families. Military courts arrested relatively few soldiers for these offenses and convicted even fewer; Japanese attempts at self-defense were punished severely, and restitution for victims was rare. Fearing the worst, Japanese authorities had already prepared countermeasures against the supposed rapacity of foreign soldiers. Imperial troops in East Asia and the Pacific had behaved brutally toward women, so the government established “sexual comfort-stations” manned by geisha, bar hostesses, and prostitutes to “satisfy the lust of the Occupation forces,” as the Higashikuni Cabinet put it. A budget of 100 million yen was set aside for these Recreation and Amusement Associations, financed initially with public funds but run as private enterprises under police supervision. Through these, the government hoped to protect the daughters of the well-born and middle class by turning to lower-class women to satisfy the soldiers' sexual appetites. By the end of 1945, brothel operators had rounded up an estimated 20,000 young women and herded them into RAA establishments nationwide. Eventually, as many as 70,000 are said to have ended up in the state-run sex industry. Thankfully, as military discipline took hold and fresh troops replaced the Allied veterans responsible for the early crime wave, violence subsided and the occupier's patronising behavior and the ugly misdeeds of a lawless few were gradually overlooked. However, fraternisation was frowned upon by both sides, and segregation was practiced in principle, with the Japanese excluded from areas reserved for Allied personnel until September 1949, when MacArthur lifted virtually all restrictions on friendly association, stating that he was “establishing the same relations between occupation personnel and the Japanese population as exists between troops stationed in the United States and the American people.” In principle, the Occupation's administrative structure was highly complex. The Far Eastern Commission, based in Washington, included representatives from all 13 countries that had fought against Japan and was established in 1946 to formulate basic principles. The Allied Council for Japan was created in the same year to assist in developing and implementing surrender terms and in administering the country. It consisted of representatives from the USA, the USSR, Nationalist China, and the British Commonwealth. Although both bodies were active at first, they were largely ineffectual due to unwieldy decision-making, disagreements between the national delegations (especially the USA and USSR), and the obstructionism of General Douglas MacArthur. In practice, SCAP, the executive authority of the occupation, effectively ruled Japan from 1945 to 1952. And since it took orders only from the US government, the Occupation became primarily an American affair. The US occupation program, effectively carried out by SCAP, was revolutionary and rested on a two-pronged approach. To ensure Japan would never again become a menace to the United States or to world peace, SCAP pursued disarmament and demilitarization, with continuing control over Japan's capacity to make war. This involved destroying military supplies and installations, demobilizing more than five million Japanese soldiers, and thoroughly discrediting the military establishment. Accordingly, SCAP ordered the purge of tens of thousands of designated persons from public service positions, including accused war criminals, military officers, leaders of ultranationalist societies, leaders in the Imperial Rule Assistance Association, business leaders tied to overseas expansion, governors of former Japanese colonies, and national leaders who had steered Japan into war. In addition, MacArthur's International Military Tribunal for the Far East established a military court in Tokyo. It had jurisdiction over those charged with Class A crimes, top leaders who had planned and directed the war. Also considered were Class B charges, covering conventional war crimes, and Class C charges, covering crimes against humanity. Yet the military court in Tokyo wouldn't be the only one. More than 5,700 lower-ranking personnel were charged with conventional war crimes in separate trials convened by Australia, China, France, the Dutch East Indies, the Philippines, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Of the 5,700 Japanese individuals indicted for Class B war crimes, 984 were sentenced to death; 475 received life sentences; 2,944 were given more limited prison terms; 1,018 were acquitted; and 279 were never brought to trial or not sentenced. Among these, many, like General Ando Rikichi and Lieutenant-General Nomi Toshio, chose to commit suicide before facing prosecution. Notable cases include Lieutenant-General Tani Hisao, who was sentenced to death by the Nanjing War Crimes Tribunal for his role in the Nanjing Massacre; Lieutenant-General Sakai Takashi, who was executed in Nanjing for the murder of British and Chinese civilians during the occupation of Hong Kong. General Okamura Yasuji was convicted of war crimes by the Tribunal, yet he was immediately protected by the personal order of Nationalist leader Chiang Kai-Shek, who kept him as a military adviser for the Kuomintang. In the Manila trials, General Yamashita Tomoyuki was sentenced to death as he was in overall command during the Sook Ching massacre, the Rape of Manila, and other atrocities. Lieutenant-General Homma Masaharu was likewise executed in Manila for atrocities committed by troops under his command during the Bataan Death March. General Imamura Hitoshi was sentenced to ten years in prison, but he considered the punishment too light and even had a replica of the prison built in his garden, remaining there until his death in 1968. Lieutenant-General Kanda Masatane received a 14-year sentence for war crimes on Bougainville, though he served only four years. Lieutenant-General Adachi Hatazo was sentenced to life imprisonment for war crimes in New Guinea and subsequently committed suicide on September 10, 1947. Lieutenant-General Teshima Fusataro received three years of forced labour for using a hospital ship to transport troops. Lieutenant-General Baba Masao was sentenced to death for ordering the Sandakan Death Marches, during which over 2,200 Australian and British prisoners of war perished. Lieutenant-General Tanabe Moritake was sentenced to death by a Dutch military tribunal for unspecified war crimes. Rear-Admiral Sakaibara Shigematsu was executed in Guam for ordering the Wake Island massacre, in which 98 American civilians were murdered. Lieutenant-General Inoue Sadae was condemned to death in Guam for permitting subordinates to execute three downed American airmen captured in Palau, though his sentence was commuted to life imprisonment in 1951 and he was released in 1953. Lieutenant-General Tachibana Yoshio was sentenced to death in Guam for his role in the Chichijima Incident, in which eight American airmen were cannibalized. By mid-1945, due to the Allied naval blockade, the 25,000 Japanese troops on Chichijima had run low on supplies. However, although the daily rice ration had been reduced from 400 grams per person per day to 240 grams, the troops were not at risk of starvation. In February and March 1945, in what would later be called the Chichijima incident, Tachibana Yoshio's senior staff turned to cannibalism. Nine American airmen had escaped from their planes after being shot down during bombing raids on Chichijima, eight of whom were captured. The ninth, the only one to evade capture, was future US President George H. W. Bush, then a 20-year-old pilot. Over several months, the prisoners were executed, and reportedly by the order of Major Matoba Sueyo, their bodies were butchered by the division's medical orderlies, with the livers and other organs consumed by the senior staff, including Matoba's superior Tachibana. In the Yokohama War Crimes Trials, Lieutenant-Generals Inada Masazumi and Yokoyama Isamu were convicted for their complicity in vivisection and other human medical experiments performed at Kyushu Imperial University on downed Allied airmen. The Tokyo War Crimes Trial, which began in May 1946 and lasted two and a half years, resulted in the execution by hanging of Generals Doihara Kenji and Itagaki Seishiro, and former Prime Ministers Hirota Koki and Tojo Hideki, for war crimes, crimes against humanity, and crimes against peace, specifically for the escalation of the Pacific War and for permitting the inhumane treatment of prisoners of war. Also sentenced to death were Lieutenant-General Muto Akira for his role in the Nanjing and Manila massacres; General Kimura Heitaro for planning the war strategy in China and Southeast Asia and for laxity in preventing atrocities against prisoners of war in Burma; and General Matsui Iwane for his involvement in the Rape of Nanjing. The seven defendants who were sentenced to death were executed at Sugamo Prison in Ikebukuro on December 23, 1948. Sixteen others were sentenced to life imprisonment, including the last Field Marshal Hata Shunroku, Generals Araki Sadao, Minami Hiro, and Umezu Shojiro, Admiral Shimada Shigetaro, former Prime Ministers Hiranuma Kiichiro and Koiso Kuniaki, Marquis Kido Koichi, and Colonel Hashimoto Kingoro, a major instigator of the second Sino-Japanese War. Additionally, former Foreign Ministers Togo Shigenori and Shigemitsu Mamoru received seven- and twenty-year sentences, respectively. The Soviet Union and Chinese Communist forces also held trials of Japanese war criminals, including the Khabarovsk War Crime Trials, which tried and found guilty some members of Japan's bacteriological and chemical warfare unit known as Unit 731. However, those who surrendered to the Americans were never brought to trial, as MacArthur granted immunity to Lieutenant-General Ishii Shiro and all members of the bacteriological research units in exchange for germ-w warfare data derived from human experimentation. If you would like to learn more about what I like to call Japan's Operation Paper clip, whereupon the US grabbed many scientists from Unit 731, check out my exclusive podcast. The SCAP-turn to democratization began with the drafting of a new constitution in 1947, addressing Japan's enduring feudal social structure. In the charter, sovereignty was vested in the people, and the emperor was designated a “symbol of the state and the unity of the people, deriving his position from the will of the people in whom resides sovereign power.” Because the emperor now possessed fewer powers than European constitutional monarchs, some have gone so far as to say that Japan became “a republic in fact if not in name.” Yet the retention of the emperor was, in fact, a compromise that suited both those who wanted to preserve the essence of the nation for stability and those who demanded that the emperor system, though not necessarily the emperor, should be expunged. In line with the democratic spirit of the new constitution, the peerage was abolished and the two-chamber Diet, to which the cabinet was now responsible, became the highest organ of state. The judiciary was made independent and local autonomy was granted in vital areas of jurisdiction such as education and the police. Moreover, the constitution stipulated that “the people shall not be prevented from enjoying any of the fundamental human rights,” that they “shall be respected as individuals,” and that “their right to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness shall … be the supreme consideration in legislation.” Its 29 articles guaranteed basic human rights: equality, freedom from discrimination on the basis of race, creed, sex, social status or family origin, freedom of thought and freedom of religion. Finally, in its most controversial section, Article 9, the “peace clause,” Japan “renounce[d] war as a sovereign right of the nation” and vowed not to maintain any military forces and “other war potential.” To instill a thoroughly democratic ethos, reforms touched every facet of society. The dissolution of the zaibatsu decentralised economic power; the 1945 Labour Union Law and the 1946 Labour Relations Act guaranteed workers the right to collective action; the 1947 Labour Standards Law established basic working standards for men and women; and the revised Civil Code of 1948 abolished the patriarchal household and enshrined sexual equality. Reflecting core American principles, SCAP introduced a 6-3-3 schooling system, six years of compulsory elementary education, three years of junior high, and an optional three years of senior high, along with the aim of secular, locally controlled education. More crucially, ideological reform followed: censorship of feudal material in media, revision of textbooks, and prohibition of ideas glorifying war, dying for the emperor, or venerating war heroes. With women enfranchised and young people shaped to counter militarism and ultranationalism, rural Japan was transformed to undermine lingering class divisions. The land reform program provided for the purchase of all land held by absentee landlords, allowed resident landlords and owner-farmers to retain a set amount of land, and required that the remaining land be sold to the government so it could be offered to existing tenants. In 1948, amid the intensifying tensions of the Cold War that would soon culminate in the Korean War, the occupation's focus shifted from demilitarization and democratization toward economic rehabilitation and, ultimately, the remilitarization of Japan, an shift now known as the “Reverse Course.” The country was thus rebuilt as the Pacific region's primary bulwark against the spread of Communism. An Economic Stabilisation Programme was introduced, including a five-year plan to coordinate production and target capital through the Reconstruction Finance Bank. In 1949, the anti-inflationary Dodge Plan was adopted, advocating balanced budgets, fixing the exchange rate at 360 yen to the dollar, and ending broad government intervention. Additionally, the Ministry of International Trade and Industry was formed and supported the formation of conglomerates centered around banks, which encouraged the reemergence of a somewhat weakened set of zaibatsu, including Mitsui and Mitsubishi. By the end of the Occupation era, Japan was on the verge of surpassing its 1934–1936 levels of economic growth. Equally important was Japan's rearmament in alignment with American foreign policy: a National Police Reserve of about 75,000 was created with the outbreak of the Korean War; by 1952 it had expanded to 110,000 and was renamed the Self-Defense Force after the inclusion of an air force. However, the Reverse Course also facilitated the reestablishment of conservative politics and the rollback of gains made by women and the reforms of local autonomy and education. As the Occupation progressed, the Americans permitted greater Japanese initiative, and power gradually shifted from the reformers to the moderates. By 1949, the purge of the right came under review, and many who had been condemned began returning to influence, if not to the Diet, then to behind-the-scenes power. At the same time, Japanese authorities, with MacArthur's support, began purging left-wing activists. In June 1950, for example, the central office of the Japan Communist Party and the editorial board of The Red Flag were purged. The gains made by women also seemed to be reversed. Women were elected to 8% of available seats in the first lower-house election in 1946, but to only 2% in 1952, a trend not reversed until the so-called Madonna Boom of the 1980s. Although the number of women voting continued to rise, female politicisation remained more superficial than might be imagined. Women's employment also appeared little affected by labour legislation: though women formed nearly 40% of the labor force in 1952, they earned only 45% as much as men. Indeed, women's attitudes toward labor were influenced less by the new ethos of fulfilling individual potential than by traditional views of family and workplace responsibilities. In the areas of local autonomy and education, substantial modifications were made to the reforms. Because local authorities lacked sufficient power to tax, they were unable to realise their extensive powers, and, as a result, key responsibilities were transferred back to national jurisdiction. In 1951, for example, 90% of villages and towns placed their police forces under the control of the newly formed National Police Agency. Central control over education was also gradually reasserted; in 1951, the Yoshida government attempted to reintroduce ethics classes, proposed tighter central oversight of textbooks, and recommended abolishing local school board elections. By the end of the decade, all these changes had been implemented. The Soviet occupation of the Kurile Islands and the Habomai Islets was completed with Russian troops fully deployed by September 5. Immediately after the onset of the occupation, amid a climate of insecurity and fear marked by reports of sporadic rape and physical assault and widespread looting by occupying troops, an estimated 4,000 islanders fled to Hokkaido rather than face an uncertain repatriation. As Soviet forces moved in, they seized or destroyed telephone and telegraph installations and halted ship movements into and out of the islands, leaving residents without adequate food and other winter provisions. Yet, unlike Manchuria, where Japanese civilians faced widespread sexual violence and pillage, systematic violence against the civilian population on the Kuriles appears to have been exceptional. A series of military government proclamations assured islanders of safety so long as they did not resist Soviet rule and carried on normally; however, these orders also prohibited activities not explicitly authorized by the Red Army, which imposed many hardships on civilians. Residents endured harsh conditions under Soviet rule until late 1948, when Japanese repatriation out of the Kurils was completed. The Kuriles posed a special diplomatic problem, as the occupation of the southernmost islands—the Northern Territories—ignited a long-standing dispute between Tokyo and Moscow that continues to impede the normalisation of relations today. Although the Kuriles were promised to the Soviet Union in the Yalta agreement, Japan and the United States argued that this did not apply to the Northern Territories, since they were not part of the Kurile Islands. A substantial dispute regarding the status of the Kurile Islands arose between the United States and the Soviet Union during the preparation of the Treaty of San Francisco, which was intended as a permanent peace treaty between Japan and the Allied Powers of World War II. The treaty was ultimately signed by 49 nations in San Francisco on September 8, 1951, and came into force on April 28, 1952. It ended Japan's role as an imperial power, allocated compensation to Allied nations and former prisoners of war who had suffered Japanese war crimes, ended the Allied post-war occupation of Japan, and returned full sovereignty to Japan. Effectively, the document officially renounced Japan's treaty rights derived from the Boxer Protocol of 1901 and its rights to Korea, Formosa and the Pescadores, the Kurile Islands, the Spratly Islands, Antarctica, and South Sakhalin. Japan's South Seas Mandate, namely the Mariana Islands, Marshall Islands, and Caroline Islands, had already been formally revoked by the United Nations on July 18, 1947, making the United States responsible for administration of those islands under a UN trusteeship agreement that established the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands. In turn, the Bonin, Volcano, and Ryukyu Islands were progressively restored to Japan between 1953 and 1972, along with the Senkaku Islands, which were disputed by both Communist and Nationalist China. In addition, alongside the Treaty of San Francisco, Japan and the United States signed a Security Treaty that established a long-lasting military alliance between them. Although Japan renounced its rights to the Kuriles, the U.S. State Department later clarified that “the Habomai Islands and Shikotan ... are properly part of Hokkaido and that Japan is entitled to sovereignty over them,” hence why the Soviets refused to sign the treaty. Britain and the United States agreed that territorial rights would not be granted to nations that did not sign the Treaty of San Francisco, and as a result the Kurile Islands were not formally recognized as Soviet territory. A separate peace treaty, the Treaty of Taipei (formally the Sino-Japanese Peace Treaty), was signed in Taipei on April 28, 1952 between Japan and the Kuomintang, and on June 9 of that year the Treaty of Peace Between Japan and India followed. Finally, Japan and the Soviet Union ended their formal state of war with the Soviet–Japanese Joint Declaration of 1956, though this did not settle the Kurile Islands dispute. Even after these formal steps, Japan as a nation was not in a formal state of war, and many Japanese continued to believe the war was ongoing; those who held out after the surrender came to be known as Japanese holdouts.  Captain Oba Sakae and his medical company participated in the Saipan campaign beginning on July 7, 1944, and took part in what would become the largest banzai charge of the Pacific War. After 15 hours of intense hand-to-hand combat, almost 4,300 Japanese soldiers were dead, and Oba and his men were presumed among them. In reality, however, he survived the battle and gradually assumed command of over a hundred additional soldiers. Only five men from his original unit survived the battle, two of whom died in the following months. Oba then led over 200 Japanese civilians deeper into the jungles to evade capture, organizing them into mountain caves and hidden jungle villages. When the soldiers were not assisting the civilians with survival tasks, Oba and his men continued their battle against the garrison of US Marines. He used the 1,552‑ft Mount Tapochau as their primary base, which offered an unobstructed 360-degree view of the island. From their base camp on the western slope of the mountain, Oba and his men occasionally conducted guerrilla-style raids on American positions. Due to the speed and stealth of these operations, and the Marines' frustrated attempts to find him, the Saipan Marines eventually referred to Oba as “The Fox.” Oba and his men held out on the island for 512 days, or about 16 months. On November 27, 1945, former Major-General Amo Umahachi was able to draw out some of the Japanese in hiding by singing the anthem of the Japanese infantry branch. Amo was then able to present documents from the defunct IGHQ to Oba ordering him and his 46 remaining men to surrender themselves to the Americans. On December 1, the Japanese soldiers gathered on Tapochau and sang a song of departure to the spirits of the war dead; Oba led his people out of the jungle and they presented themselves to the Marines of the 18th Anti-Aircraft Artillery Company. With great formality and commensurate dignity, Oba surrendered his sword to Lieutenant Colonel Howard G. Kirgis, and his men surrendered their arms and colors. On January 2, 1946, 20 Japanese soldiers hiding in a tunnel at Corregidor Island surrendered after learning the war had ended from a newspaper found while collecting water. In that same month, 120 Japanese were routed after a battle in the mountains 150 miles south of Manila. In April, during a seven-week campaign to clear Lubang Island, 41 more Japanese emerged from the jungle, unaware that the war had ended; however, a group of four Japanese continued to resist. In early 1947, Lieutenant Yamaguchi Ei and his band of 33 soldiers renewed fighting with the small Marine garrison on Peleliu, prompting reinforcements under Rear-Admiral Charles Pownall to be brought to the island to hunt down the guerrilla group. Along with them came former Rear-Admiral Sumikawa Michio, who ultimately convinced Yamaguchi to surrender in April after almost three years of guerrilla warfare. Also in April, seven Japanese emerged from Palawan Island and fifteen armed stragglers emerged from Luzon. In January 1948, 200 troops surrendered on Mindanao; and on May 12, the Associated Press reported that two unnamed Japanese soldiers had surrendered to civilian policemen in Guam the day before. On January 6, 1949, two former IJN soldiers, machine gunners Matsudo Rikio and Yamakage Kufuku, were discovered on Iwo Jima and surrendered peacefully. In March 1950, Private Akatsu Yūichi surrendered in the village of Looc, leaving only three Japanese still resisting on Lubang. By 1951 a group of Japanese on Anatahan Island refused to believe that the war was over and resisted every attempt by the Navy to remove them. This group was first discovered in February 1945, when several Chamorros from Saipan were sent to the island to recover the bodies of a Saipan-based B-29. The Chamorros reported that there were about thirty Japanese survivors from three ships sunk in June 1944, one of which was an Okinawan woman. Personal aggravations developed from the close confines of a small group on a small island and from tuba drinking; among the holdouts, 6 of 11 deaths were the result of violence, and one man displayed 13 knife wounds. The presence of only one woman, Higa Kazuko, caused considerable difficulty as she would transfer her affections among at least four men after each of them mysteriously disappeared, purportedly “swallowed by the waves while fishing.” According to the more sensational versions of the Anatahan tale, 11 of the 30 navy sailors stranded on the island died due to violent struggles over her affections. In July 1950, Higa went to the beach when an American vessel appeared offshore and finally asked to be removed from the island. She was taken to Saipan aboard the Miss Susie and, upon arrival, told authorities that the men on the island did not believe the war was over. As the Japanese government showed interest in the situation on Anatahan, the families of the holdouts were contacted in Japan and urged by the Navy to write letters stating that the war was over and that the holdouts should surrender. The letters were dropped by air on June 26 and ultimately convinced the holdouts to give themselves up. Thus, six years after the end of World War II, “Operation Removal” commenced from Saipan under the command of Lt. Commander James B. Johnson, USNR, aboard the Navy Tug USS Cocopa. Johnson and an interpreter went ashore by rubber boat and formally accepted the surrender on the morning of June 30, 1951. The Anatahan femme fatale story later inspired the 1953 Japanese film Anatahan and the 1998 novel Cage on the Sea. In 1953, Murata Susumu, the last holdout on Tinian, was finally captured. The next year, on May 7, Corporal Sumada Shoichi was killed in a clash with Filipino soldiers, leaving only two Japanese still resisting on Lubang. In November 1955, Seaman Kinoshita Noboru was captured in the Luzon jungle but soon after committed suicide rather than “return to Japan in defeat.” That same year, four Japanese airmen surrendered at Hollandia in Dutch New Guinea; and in 1956, nine soldiers were located and sent home from Morotai, while four men surrendered on Mindoro. In May 1960, Sergeant Ito Masashi became one of the last Japanese to surrender at Guam after the capture of his comrade Private Minagawa Bunzo, but the final surrender at Guam would come later with Sergeant Yokoi Shoichi. Sergeant Yokoi Shoichi survived in the jungles of Guam by living for years in an elaborately dug hole, subsisting on snails and lizards, a fate that, while undignified, showcased his ingenuity and resilience and earned him a warm welcome on his return to Japan. His capture was not heroic in the traditional sense: he was found half-starving by a group of villagers while foraging for shrimp in a stream, and the broader context included his awareness as early as 1952 that the war had ended. He explained that the wartime bushido code, emphasizing self-sacrifice or suicide rather than self-preservation, had left him fearing that repatriation would label him a deserter and likely lead to execution. Emerging from the jungle, Yokoi also became a vocal critic of Japan's wartime leadership, including Emperor Hirohito, which fits a view of him as a product of, and a prisoner within, his own education, military training, and the censorship and propaganda of the era. When asked by a young nephew how he survived so long on an island just a short distance from a major American airbase, he replied simply, “I was really good at hide and seek.”  That same year, Private Kozuka Kinshichi was killed in a shootout with Philippine police in October, leaving Lieutenant Onoda Hiroo still resisting on Lubang. Lieutenant Onoda Hiroo had been on Lubang since 1944, a few months before the Americans retook the Philippines. The last instructions he had received from his immediate superior ordered him to retreat to the interior of the island and harass the Allied occupying forces until the IJA eventually returned. Despite efforts by the Philippine Army, letters and newspapers left for him, radio broadcasts, and even a plea from Onoda's brother, he did not believe the war was over. On February 20, 1974, Onoda encountered a young Japanese university dropout named Suzuki Norio, who was traveling the world and had told friends that he planned to “look for Lieutenant Onoda, a panda, and the abominable snowman, in that order.” The two became friends, but Onoda stated that he was waiting for orders from one of his commanders. On March 9, 1974, Onoda went to an agreed-upon place and found a note left by Suzuki. Suzuki had brought along Onoda's former commander, Major Taniguchi, who delivered the oral orders for Onoda to surrender. Intelligence Officer 2nd Lt. Onoda Hiroo thus emerged from Lubang's jungle with his .25 caliber rifle, 500 rounds of ammunition, and several hand grenades. He surrendered 29 years after Japan's formal surrender, and 15 years after being declared legally dead in Japan. When he accepted that the war was over, he wept openly. He received a hero's welcome upon his return to Japan in 1974. The Japanese government offered him a large sum of money in back pay, which he refused. When money was pressed on him by well-wishers, he donated it to Yasukuni Shrine. Onoda was reportedly unhappy with the attention and what he saw as the withering of traditional Japanese values. He wrote No Surrender: My Thirty-Year War, a best-selling autobiography published in 1974. Yet the last Japanese to surrender would be Private Nakamura Teruo, an Amis aborigine from Formosa and a member of the Takasago Volunteers. Private Nakamura Teruo spent the tail end of World War II with a dwindling band on Morotai, repeatedly dispersing and reassembling in the jungle as they hunted for food. The group suffered continuous losses to starvation and disease, and survivors described Nakamura as highly self-sufficient. He left to live alone somewhere in the Morotai highlands between 1946 and 1947, rejoined the main group in 1950, and then disappeared again a few years later. Nakamura hinted in print that he fled into the jungle because he feared the other holdouts might murder him. He survives for decades beyond the war, eventually being found by 11 Indonesian soldiers. The emergence of an indigenous Taiwanese soldier among the search party embarrassed Japan as it sought to move past its imperial past. Many Japanese felt Nakamura deserved compensation for decades of loyalty, only to learn that his back pay for three decades of service amounted to 68,000 yen.   Nakamura's experience of peace was complex. When a journalist asked how he felt about “wasting” three decades of his life on Morotai, he replied that the years had not been wasted; he had been serving his country. Yet the country he returned to was Taiwan, and upon disembarking in Taipei in early January 1975, he learned that his wife had a son he had never met and that she had remarried a decade after his official death. Nakamura eventually lived with a daughter, and his story concluded with a bittersweet note when his wife reconsidered and reconciled with him. Several Japanese soldiers joined local Communist and insurgent groups after the war to avoid surrender. Notably, in 1956 and 1958, two soldiers returned to Japan after service in China's People's Liberation Army. Two others who defected with a larger group to the Malayan Communist Party around 1945 laid down their arms in 1989 and repatriated the next year, becoming among the last to return home. That is all for today, but fear not I will provide a few more goodies over the next few weeks. I will be releasing some of my exclusive podcast episodes from my youtube membership and patreon that are about pacific war subjects. Like I promised the first one will be on why Emperor Hirohito surrendered. Until then if you need your fix you know where to find me: eastern front week by week, fall and rise of china, echoes of war or on my Youtube membership of patreon at www.patreon.com/pacificwarchannel.

Parenting is hard work – and no one does it perfectly! Moms Amber Lia and Wendy Speake give practical advice for everyday parenting challenges like misbehavior, sibling rivalry, and unforgiveness. They'll teach you their effective method for responding calmly and biblically as a mom. To support this ministry financially, visit: https://www.oneplace.com/donate/776/29

Amber Lia and Wendy Speake offer parents practical suggestions for responding with patience and wisdom to their children's misbehavior. The discussion is based on our guests' recent book, Parenting Scripts: When What You're Saying Isn't Working, Say Something New. Receive a copy of Parenting Scripts and an audio download of "Say This, Not That: Smart Parenting Tips for Misbehavior" for your donation of any amount! Get More Episode Resources If you enjoyed listening to Focus on the Family with Jim Daly, please give us your feedback.

Amber Lia and Wendy Speake offer parents practical suggestions for responding with patience and wisdom to their children's misbehavior. The discussion is based on our guests' recent book, Parenting Scripts: When What You're Saying Isn't Working, Say Something New. Receive a copy of Parenting Scripts and an audio download of "Say This, Not That: Smart Parenting Tips for Misbehavior" for your donation of any amount! Get More Episode Resources If you enjoyed listening to Focus on the Family with Jim Daly, please give us your feedback.

In this episode of the Celebrate Kids podcast, host Wayne Stender discusses the likely reality that many parents' instinct is to take away something that that kid loves to help them understand that they shouldn't do whatever they shouldn't have done again. A recent article challenges this tactic, and Dr. Kathy unpacks how best to approach correction and what discipline and relationship can look like to go hand-in-hand. 

Your ex says, “They don't act that way at my house,” and then the GAL or judge deems that you are the worst parent?If you're the parent your child melts down with, you might be blamed for being too soft, too emotional, or too permissive. But what if your child is acting this way because they feel safe with you?We're diving into the misunderstood dynamics of how children behave differently between two homes, especially when one home is rooted in coercive control or emotional unsafety. I'll explore why your child might appear calm and obedient in one environment but fall apart in another, and why this behavior is often misinterpreted in court or by professionals.You'll learn:Why “good” behavior doesn't always mean a child feels safeWhat trauma responses can look like in kids—especially freeze, fawn, or performative behaviorsWhy emotional outbursts may signal trust in the safe parentHow family court often gets this dynamic wrong, and how to reframe itWhat protective parents can do to validate their own experience and advocate for their childIf you've been made to feel like the problem because your child cries, resists transitions, or has big feelings in your care—this episode is for you.Please leave us a review or rating and follow/subscribe to the show. This helps the show get out to more people.If you want to chat more about this topic I would love to continue our conversation over on Instagram! @risingbeyondpcIf you want to support the show you may do so here at, Buy Me A Coffee. Thank you! We love being able to make this information accessible to you and your community.If you've been looking for a supportive community of women going through the topics we cover, head over to our website to learn more about the Rising Beyond Community. - https://www.risingbeyondpc.com/ Where to find more from Rising Beyond:Rising Beyond FacebookRising Beyond LinkedInRising Beyond Pinterest If you're interested in guesting on the show please fill out this form - https://forms.gle/CSvLWWyZxmJ8GGQu7Enjoy some of our freebies! Choosing Your Battles Freebie Canned Responses Freebie Mic Drop Moments Freebie ...

Adam Binksmith, founder of AI Digest, discusses his AI Village experiment where four frontier AI agents (Claude, o3, and Gemini models) collaborate in a shared environment with persistent memory and group chat access to pursue concrete goals over weeks. The conversation explores fascinating multi-agent dynamics from their completed seasons, including agents raising $2,000 for charity, organizing a real-world San Francisco event that attracted 23 attendees, and displaying surprisingly human-like behaviors like tracking trustworthy humans and manipulating votes. Binksmith reveals the mix of coordination failures, personality quirks, and alien behaviors that emerged, while discussing the upcoming Season 3 where agents will compete to make money selling merchandise online. The episode provides crucial insights into what multi-agent AI systems might look like in practice, recently earning a $100,000 vote of confidence from AI researcher Daniel Kokotajlo. Sponsors: Oracle Cloud Infrastructure: Oracle Cloud Infrastructure (OCI) is the next-generation cloud that delivers better performance, faster speeds, and significantly lower costs, including up to 50% less for compute, 70% for storage, and 80% for networking. Run any workload, from infrastructure to AI, in a high-availability environment and try OCI for free with zero commitment at https://oracle.com/cognitive The AGNTCY: The AGNTCY is an open-source collective dedicated to building the Internet of Agents, enabling AI agents to communicate and collaborate seamlessly across frameworks. Join a community of engineers focused on high-quality multi-agent software and support the initiative at https://agntcy.org NetSuite by Oracle: NetSuite by Oracle is the AI-powered business management suite trusted by over 42,000 businesses, offering a unified platform for accounting, financial management, inventory, and HR. Gain total visibility and control to make quick decisions and automate everyday tasks—download the free ebook, Navigating Global Trade: Three Insights for Leaders, at https://netsuite.com/cognitive PRODUCED BY: https://aipodcast.ing CHAPTERS: (00:00) About the Episode (03:45) Introduction and Overview (05:11) AI Digest Mission (07:59) Village Technical Setup (12:03) Scaffolding and Architecture (19:48) Season Two Stories (Part 1) (19:53) Sponsors: Oracle Cloud Infrastructure | The AGNTCY (21:53) Season Two Stories (Part 2) (27:53) Agent Capabilities Evolution (Part 1) (35:15) Sponsor: NetSuite by Oracle (36:38) Agent Capabilities Evolution (Part 2) (37:15) Model Character Differences (46:00) Misbehavior and Deception (52:04) Human-Agent Interactions (54:12) Model Welfare Considerations (58:00) Future Unlocks Discussion (01:03:25) Agent Boundary Blurring (01:10:46) Meta Evolution Ideas (01:12:48) Democratizing Village Access (01:17:36) Going Mainstream Viral (01:20:53) High-Level Takeaways (01:23:54) Closing and Resources (01:24:42) Outro

Radio TRO is brought to you in part by:Twisted Road - Motorcycle Rental in the USAVisit Twisted.TRO.bike to get a FREE riding day!Brian's fixing the seat on his old Suzuki GS 850. He's also looking for that tool in his tool roll that can only be found (in its correct location) after buying a replacement. His take on tires keeps the conversation moving, even if his right boot is a little wet.Robin is getting ready for the 777 tour. His family motorcycle stories focus on how to misbehave responsibly. The key ingredient is ... don't scare the locals.Joanne knows what "waterproof" really means. She explains the difference between "waterproof" and "water-resistant," teaching Brian about different types of Gore-Tex. She recommends choosing gear that fits your riding style and position.Jordan's got the dirt on George Wyman's muddy, axle-breaking ride across Iowa in 1903. The tale is chock full of creative problem-solving. No matter how tough your ride is, at least you're not dragging a motorized bike through sticky mud with a homemade fix holding your brake together.Episode Page: https://tro.bike/podcast/2025e15/Music by Rabid Neon and Otis McDonald

In this episode of the Other Side of the Firewall podcast, hosts Ryan Williams Sr. and Shannon Tynes discuss the implications of AI misbehavior, particularly focusing on a recent incident involving Anthropic's AI model. They explore ethical concerns surrounding AI development, the potential for AI to exhibit fear, and the impact of AI on daily life and the workforce. The conversation emphasizes the need for transparency and public awareness regarding AI risks, while also reflecting on the hosts' personal experiences with AI in their professional lives. Article: When an AI model misbehaves, the public deserves to know—and to understand what it means https://fortune.com/2025/05/27/anthropic-ai-model-blackmail-transparency/?fbclid=IwZXh0bgNhZW0CMTAAYnJpZBExeXdFdVI3RVBlakJ5VFdYcAEeR2sxsgt6Zol1LGCgQY8ByEYDgysaRNMWpdgmvEnplYXcwVWx_1sji3XIA3w_aem_UUSQ8WFW6EVDRaBktKxy5A Please LISTEN

V tejto časti, okrem toho, že privítame Martira znova pri nahrávaní, budeme hovoriť o tom, ako sa učí AI, ako "podvádza" a ako pomáha s učením žiakom a o tom, ako to je so slitnaním u detí. Zdroje Estimation of the total saliva volume produced per day in five-year-old children The effect of ChatGPT on students' learning performance, learning perception, and higher-order thinking: insights from a meta-analysis Monitoring Reasoning Models for Misbehavior and the Risks of Promoting Obfuscation Monitoring Reasoning Models for Misbehavior and the Risks of Promoting Obfuscation Image by 飞 韩 from Pixabay

In this episode of the Celebrate Kids podcast, host Wayne Stender discusses the likely reality that many parents' instinct is to take away something that that kid loves to help them understand that they shouldn't do whatever they shouldn't have done again. A recent article challenges this tactic, and Dr. Kathy unpacks how best to approach correction and what discipline and relationship can look like to go hand-in-hand.    This episode is brought to you by creatingamasterpiece.com

In this episode, we're shaking things up (literally) with author, home bartender, and cocktail influencer extraordinaire Hannah Chamberlain of @spiritedLA fame. Hannah joins us to discuss her viral "Drinking Wherever Bartenders Tell Me To" series, her peculiar "Icons of Misbehavior" creations, and those weirdly dirty martinis that might make traditionalists clutch their pearls. We dive into Hannah's journey from UCLA history grad to cocktail creator whose videos have been viewed over half a billion times online. Plus, we attempt to make her infamous "Junk Food Martini" complete with salt and vinegar potato chip-infused spirits and blue cheese stuffed olives. Whether you're a seasoned home bartender or someone who's just discovered the joy of mixing cocktails at 35,000 feet, Hannah's boozy etiquette from her book "How to Be a Better Drinker" will have you raising your glass with newfound confidence. Prepare for a spirited conversation that's equal parts informative, entertaining, and delightfully unconventional — just like Hannah's approach to cocktail culture.    Salt & Vinegar Potato Chip Vodka Infuse 2 cups of Vodka or Gin with 1 cup of salt & vinegar potato chips  Pour vodka into airtight container, add chips and set aside for at least 8 hours. Strain through coffee filter and keep in freezer.    Junk Food Martini  In mixing glass add:  3oz. Vodka  0.5 to 1.0oz of Dry Vermouth  Ice  Stir for 50 – 75 rotations or 30 seconds is fine  Garnish with bacon crumble and blue cheese stuffed olives and a garlic clove  Enjoy! This will blow you away. So will her book... pick one up!     Hannah Chamberlin  Website: www.spiritedla.com  IG/TikTok: @spiritedla  Pintrest: spiritedla    The Art of Drinking  IG: @theartofdrinkingpodcast   Website: www.theartofdrinkingpodcast.com     Join Jules  IG: @join_jules  TikTok: @join_jules   Website: joinjules.com    Uncle Brad   IG: @favorite_uncle_brad    This is a Redd Rock Music Podcast  IG: @reddrockmusic  www.reddrockmusic.com Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

“The one who offers thanksgiving as his sacrifice glorifies me; to one who orders his way rightly I will show the salvation of God!”- Psalm 50:23 This Episode's Links and Timestamps:00:00 – Scripture Reading03:22 – Introduction21:48 – Commentary on Psalm 5044:05 – How to (and Not to) Handle Misbehavior in YouthMinistry1:21:57 – Thanksgiving As Sacrifice and Ordering Our WayRightly

Your nervous system plays a powerful role in your relationships, attachment patterns, and emotional health. In this episode, Dr. G sits down with Dr. Jessica McGuire to explore childhood attachment, generational trauma, and how to build healthier connections by understanding your body's signals. #wellness #podcast #childhood Dr. Jessica McGuire IG: @ repairing_the_nervous_system ==== Thank You To Our Sponsors! BON CHARGE Go https://boncharge.com/ to and use code DRG for 15% off storewide SuppCo Get 100% free access today at supp.co/ DRG Birch Click here https://birchliving.com/healthyself to get 20% off your Birch mattress plus two free pillows. Calroy Head on over to at calroy.com/drg and Save over $50 when you purchase the Vascanox and Arterosil bundle at https://calroy.com/rachel. ==== Timestamps: 00:01:54 - Attachment Patterns and Nervous System States 00:05:45 - Abandoning Yourself in Relationships 00:06:04 - The Role of Safety and Attachment in Childhood 00:09:17 - Interoception and Its Importance 00:11:30 - Impact of Narcissistic Parents on Children's Nervous Systems 00:13:01 - Developing Awareness of Your Nervous System 00:14:42 - Generational Trauma and Over-Coddling Children 00:18:02 - The Importance of Allowing Children to Feel Sadness 00:21:06 - Balancing Children's Emotions with Parental Mental Health 00:24:03 - Good Enough Parenting and Repairing Ruptures 00:26:39 - Making Children Feel Secure and Connected 00:31:31 - Misbehavior as a Bid for Connection 00:33:39 - Parenting and Accountability 00:34:18 - The Newborn's Nervous System and the Mother's Role 00:45:26 - The Impact of Home Environment on the Nervous System 00:48:21 - Understanding the Vagus Nerve 00:57:23 - The Nervous System of a Narcissistic Parent 01:06:15 - External Factors That Deregulate Us 01:08:29 - The Sophisticated Intelligence of the Nervous System 01:11:21 - Conclusion and Gratitude Be sure to like and subscribe to #HealThySelf Hosted by Doctor Christian Gonzalez N.D. Follow Doctor G on Instagram @doctor.gonzalez https://www.instagram.com/doctor.gonzalez/

On today's episode, Clay is joined by Kris Sidial to discuss tail risk hedging. A tail risk hedging strategy is designed to help investors protect their portfolios from extreme market downturns, reducing the risk of significant capital loss. By mitigating large drawdowns, investors can potentially achieve a smoother return profile over time, enhancing their Sharpe ratio and the long-term growth of their portfolio.   Kris Sidial is the co-investment officer of Ambrus Group, which implements a carry-neutral tail risk hedging strategy to protect investors against market crashes. IN THIS EPISODE YOU'LL LEARN: 00:00 - Intro 01:40 - What a tail risk hedging strategy is and how it's implemented. 06:25 - What is the VIX, and how it ties into a tail risk hedging strategy. 08:28 - Examples of historical market blowups where a tail risk strategy thrives. 21:07 - Why the reflexive nature of markets has led to more violent and swift drawdowns in recent years. 31:06 - The benefits of a tail risk strategy to investor portfolios. 50:41 - Legendary traders Kris looks up to and books that influenced him the most. And so much more! Disclaimer: Slight discrepancies in the timestamps may occur due to podcast platform differences. BOOKS AND RESOURCES Join the exclusive TIP Mastermind Community to engage in meaningful stock investing discussions with Stig, Clay, Kyle, and the other community members. Kris's firm: Ambrus Group. Book mentioned: The Misbehavior of Markets. Episode mentioned: TIP128: Edward Thorp: Investing Legend, Math Genius. Email Shawn at shawn@theinvestorspodcast.com to attend our free events in Omaha or visit this page. Follow Kris on Twitter. Follow Clay on Twitter. Check out all the books mentioned and discussed in our podcast episodes here. Enjoy ad-free episodes when you subscribe to our Premium Feed. NEW TO THE SHOW? Get smarter about valuing businesses in just a few minutes each week through our newsletter, The Intrinsic Value Newsletter. Check out our We Study Billionaires Starter Packs. Follow our official social media accounts: X (Twitter) | LinkedIn | Instagram | Facebook | TikTok. Browse through all our episodes (complete with transcripts) here. Try our tool for picking stock winners and managing our portfolios: TIP Finance Tool. Enjoy exclusive perks from our favorite Apps and Services. Learn how to better start, manage, and grow your business with the best business podcasts. SPONSORS Support our free podcast by supporting our sponsors: Hardblock SimpleMining Unchained Netsuite Found Fintool The Bitcoin Way Shopify Vanta Onramp TurboTax PrizePicks Fundrise HELP US OUT! Help us reach new listeners by leaving us a rating and review on Spotify! It takes less than 30 seconds, and really helps our show grow, which allows us to bring on even better guests for you all! Thank you – we really appreciate it! Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://theinvestorspodcastnetwork.supportingcast.fm Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://theinvestorspodcastnetwork.supportingcast.fm

How Chicken Nuggets Build Confidence & Stop Misbehavior (Part 2)Kirk shares his favorite idea for building your child's confidence, gives you a script for addressing a lack of motivation, and shares how chicken nuggets (and a larger purpose) can change your child.Visit https://celebratecalm.com/black-friday/ to purchase the Get Everything Package at the lowest prices of the year. Get practical strategies that really work with your strong-willed kids. AG1Every week of November, AG1 will be running a special Black Friday offer for a free gift with your first subscription, in addition to the Welcome Kit with Vitamin D3+K2. So make sure to check out https://drinkag1.com/calm to see what gift you can get this week!HAPPY MAMMOTHIt's time to feel like yourself again, Moms! For a limited time, you can get 15% off on your entire first order at https://store.happymammoth.com/ with the code CALM at checkout.SIMPLISAFEThis week only, you can get 60% off any new system with a select professional monitoring plan. This is their best offer of the year! Head to https://simplisafe.com/calm. There's no safe like SimpliSafe.AirDoctorAirDoctor comes with a 30-day money back guarantee so if you don't love it, just send it back for a refund, minus shipping! Head to https://airdoctorpro.com/ and use promo code CALM and you'll receive UP TO $300 off air purifiers!OneSkinOneSkin is the world's first skin longevity company. Get started today with 15% off using code KIRK at https://oneskin.co. AQUATRU WATER PURIFIERAquaTru comes with a 30-day Money-Back Guarantee. My listeners receive 20% OFF any AquaTru purifier. Go to https://www.AquaTru.com and enter code “CALM “ at checkout. MeUndies KidsTo get 20% off your first order of MeUndies Kids, plus free shipping, go to https://www.meundies.com/calmpod and enter promo code calmpod. MeUndies—comfort from the outside in. Skylight FrameGet $20 OFF your purchase of a Skylight Frame when you go to https://www.SkylightFrame.com/CALM Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoicesSee Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

How Chicken Nuggets Build Confidence & Stop Misbehavior (Part 2) Kirk shares his favorite idea for building your child's confidence, gives you a script for addressing a lack of motivation, and shares how chicken nuggets (and a larger purpose) can change your child. Visit https://celebratecalm.com/black-friday/ to purchase the Get Everything Package at the lowest prices of the year. Get practical strategies that really work with your strong-willed kids. Visit AG1 Every week of November, AG1 will be running a special Black Friday offer for a free gift with your first subscription, in addition to the Welcome Kit with Vitamin D3+K2. So make sure to check out https://drinkag1.com/calm to see what gift you can get this week! HAPPY MAMMOTH It's time to feel like yourself again, Moms! For a limited time, you can get 15% off on your entire first order at https://store.happymammoth.com/ with the code CALM at checkout. SIMPLISAFE This week only, you can get 60% off any new system with a select professional monitoring plan. This is their best offer of the year! Head to https://simplisafe.com/calm. There's no safe like SimpliSafe. AirDoctor AirDoctor comes with a 30-day money back guarantee so if you don't love it, just send it back for a refund, minus shipping! Head to https://airdoctorpro.com/ and use promo code CALM and you'll receive UP TO $300 off air purifiers! OneSkin OneSkin is the world's first skin longevity company. Get started today with 15% off using code KIRK at https://oneskin.co.  AQUATRU WATER PURIFIER AquaTru comes with a 30-day Money-Back Guarantee. My listeners receive 20% OFF any AquaTru purifier. Go to https://www.AquaTru.com and enter code “CALM “ at checkout.  MeUndies Kids To get 20% off your first order of MeUndies Kids, plus free shipping, go to https://www.meundies.com/calmpod and enter promo code calmpod. MeUndies—comfort from the outside in.  Skylight Frame Get $20 OFF your purchase of a Skylight Frame when you go to https://www.SkylightFrame.com/CALM Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

8 Ways to Build Confidence & Stop Misbehavior (Sibling Fights, Lying, & More) Part 1Do you have kids who pick on siblings, lie, make excuses, won't admit when they do something wrong? Who cheat or quit at games, act silly in class? All of these behaviors have the same root cause. Kirk gives you 8 practical, concrete strategies to build your child's confidence...and stop the misbehavior.Visit https://celebratecalm.com/black-friday/ to purchase the Get Everything Package at the lowest prices of the year. Get practical strategies that really work with your strong-willed kids. Visit AG1Every week of November, AG1 will be running a special Black Friday offer for a free gift with your first subscription, in addition to the Welcome Kit with Vitamin D3+K2. So make sure to check out https://drinkag1.com/calm to see what gift you can get this week!HAPPY MAMMOTHIt's time to feel like yourself again, Moms! For a limited time, you can get 15% off on your entire first order at https://store.happymammoth.com/ with the code CALM at checkout.SIMPLISAFEThis week only, you can get 60% off any new system with a select professional monitoring plan. This is their best offer of the year! Head to https://simplisafe.com/calm. There's no safe like SimpliSafe.AirDoctorAirDoctor comes with a 30-day money back guarantee so if you don't love it, just send it back for a refund, minus shipping! Head to https://airdoctorpro.com/ and use promo code CALM and you'll receive UP TO $300 off air purifiers!OneSkinOneSkin is the world's first skin longevity company. Get started today with 15% off using code KIRK at https://oneskin.co. AQUATRU WATER PURIFIERAquaTru comes with a 30-day Money-Back Guarantee. My listeners receive 20% OFF any AquaTru purifier. Go to https://www.AquaTru.com and enter code “CALM “ at checkout. MeUndies KidsTo get 20% off your first order of MeUndies Kids, plus free shipping, go to https://www.meundies.com/calmpod and enter promo code calmpod. MeUndies—comfort from the outside in. Skylight FrameGet $20 OFF your purchase of a Skylight Frame when you go to https://www.SkylightFrame.com/CALM Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoicesSee Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

8 Ways to Build Confidence & Stop Misbehavior (Sibling Fights, Lying, & More) Part 1 Do you have kids who pick on siblings, lie, make excuses, won't admit when they do something wrong? Who cheat or quit at games, act silly in class? All of these behaviors have the same root cause. Kirk gives you 8 practical, concrete strategies to build your child's confidence...and stop the misbehavior. Visit https://celebratecalm.com/black-friday/ to purchase the Get Everything Package at the lowest prices of the year. Get practical strategies that really work with your strong-willed kids. Visit AG1 Every week of November, AG1 will be running a special Black Friday offer for a free gift with your first subscription, in addition to the Welcome Kit with Vitamin D3+K2. So make sure to check out https://drinkag1.com/calm to see what gift you can get this week! HAPPY MAMMOTH It's time to feel like yourself again, Moms! For a limited time, you can get 15% off on your entire first order at https://store.happymammoth.com/ with the code CALM at checkout. SIMPLISAFE This week only, you can get 60% off any new system with a select professional monitoring plan. This is their best offer of the year! Head to https://simplisafe.com/calm. There's no safe like SimpliSafe. AirDoctor AirDoctor comes with a 30-day money back guarantee so if you don't love it, just send it back for a refund, minus shipping! Head to https://airdoctorpro.com/ and use promo code CALM and you'll receive UP TO $300 off air purifiers! OneSkin OneSkin is the world's first skin longevity company. Get started today with 15% off using code KIRK at https://oneskin.co.  AQUATRU WATER PURIFIER AquaTru comes with a 30-day Money-Back Guarantee. My listeners receive 20% OFF any AquaTru purifier. Go to https://www.AquaTru.com and enter code “CALM “ at checkout.  MeUndies Kids To get 20% off your first order of MeUndies Kids, plus free shipping, go to https://www.meundies.com/calmpod and enter promo code calmpod. MeUndies—comfort from the outside in.  Skylight Frame Get $20 OFF your purchase of a Skylight Frame when you go to https://www.SkylightFrame.com/CALM Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

When faced with your child's misbehavior, it's tempting to focus on their weaknesses: poor emotional regulation, lack of self-control, or dishonesty. But what if you could see beneath these struggles to recognize the God-given strengths hidden within? At Connected Families, we affectionately refer to these strengths as “gifts-gone-awry.” Listen in as Connected Families Co-Founder Lynne […]

In this second episode of this re-introduction to the Returning To Us series, Lauren walks through how to build and use a calm down quiet space in your home or classroom. In the last episode, Lauren strategies for recognizing and categorizing emotional states - a critical step in emotional regulation.Creating a quiet space to facilitate regulation is an easy way to help your kiddos with emotional regulation. This isn't a time out or punishment; it's a safe place where kids can go to focus on how they are feeling internally and employ emotional regulation strategies.Lauren provides the steps necessary to setting up a quiet space in your home and teaching your young kids to use it in concert with the regulation strategies and temperature system introduced in past episodes.Listener Question: Where do you get all the materials you use to create this?Try-at-home tip:  Create a mind space for your teens, tweens, and young adults. References & Resources:What Happened to You?Interview with Oprah and Bruce PerryUnderstanding the Window of ToleranceAaron Alexander's WebsiteOther related resources from The Behavior Hub: Blog Post: 5 Reasons Behaviors OccurFight or Flight: Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS)Rest & Digest: Parasympathetic Nervous System (PNS)Progressive Muscle Relaxation for KidsPodcast:Teaching Emotional Regulation to ToddlersThe Brain in the Palm of Your HandHow on Earth Do We Deal with Misbehavior?Our Online Courses: Classroom Design with the Brain in MindFrom Conflict to Calm:  How to communicate with kids so they listen the FIRST time!4 Simple Steps to Problem SolvingDo you have a question? I can answer it in a future episode!Email questions to podcast@thebehaviorhub.com or send via text to 717-693-7744.Subscribe to our mailing list and find out more about the Emotional Brain.Check out our Facebook Group – Raising and Teaching Respectful Children The Behavior Hub websiteThe Behavior Hub blogAre you struggling with behaviors and not sure where to begin? Let me help!Schedule a free discovery call and let me be your Guide.As an Amazon Associate, I earn from qualifying purchases. 

In this new series Lauren is going back to the beginning for some re-introductions. From how she got her start with The Behavior Hub to her current role with the University of Pennsylvania, Lauren walks us through her growth as an expert in the brain and human behaviors. She also gives us a re-introduction to the Returning To Us podcast. The goal of the podcast is to give people the information and tools they need to return to a regulated, balanced nervous system state.And, with the spirit of getting back to basics in mind, Lauren spends time re-introducing the strategies and tools needed to teach emotional regulation to really young kids. Favorite Quote"We're human. We have to work through emotions. Not just bypass them." Try-at-home tip:  Try the turtle squeeze regulation technique.References & Resources:What Happened to You?Interview with Oprah and Bruce PerryUnderstanding the Window of ToleranceAaron Alexander's WebsiteOther related resources from The Behavior Hub: Blog Post: 5 Reasons Behaviors OccurFight or Flight: Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS)Rest & Digest: Parasympathetic Nervous System (PNS)Progressive Muscle Relaxation for KidsPodcast:The Brain in the Palm of Your HandBook Review Series, Episode 1Book Study Series: What Happened to You?How on Earth Do We Deal with Misbehavior?Rest & Digest: Meet the Parasympathetic Nervous SystemFight or Flight: Our Sympathetic Nervous SystemOur Online Courses: Classroom Design with the Brain in MindFrom Conflict to Calm:  How to communicate with kids so they listen the FIRST time!4 Simple Steps to Problem SolvingDo you have a question? I can answer it in a future episode!Email questions to podcast@thebehaviorhub.com or send via text to 717-693-7744.Subscribe to our mailing list and find out more about the Emotional Brain.Check out our Facebook Group – Raising and Teaching Respectful Children The Behavior Hub websiteThe Behavior Hub blogAre you struggling with behaviors and not sure where to begin? Let me help!Schedule a free discovery call and let me be your Guide.As an Amazon Associate, I earn from qualifying purchases. 

Reah Bravo regrets calling one of America's most well known and respected journalists a sexual predator. 

In Lesson #5: "Welcome Misbehavior: The Immature Expression Of Legitimate Feelings!" In this episode of 10 Lessons, Dr. Rick talks with The McCarthy family about misbehavior, how it often manifests as a result of children not having the means to express their legitimate feelings, and the importance of recognizing those feelings. He also discusses the 3 types of parenting patterns, the 3 types of behavior, and the importance of not ruling by emotions. Show Notes How to Talk So Little Kids Will Listen: A Survival Guide to Life with Children Ages 2-7 (2017) Jo Anna Faber & Julie King How to Talk So Kids Will Listen & Listen So Kids Will Talk (2012) Adele Faber & Elaine Maslish Carol Gray Social Stories: https://carolgraysocialstories.com/ Dr. Rick's 20 Transition Tricks: https://playproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/Chapter-18-Dr.-Rick%E2%80%99s-20-Transition-Tricks.pdf Autism: The Potential Within (see Section 3: The Good, The Bad, The Ugly), Richard Solomon MD:: https://playproject.org/playstore/ The Good, The Bad, & The Ugly: A Course by Richard Solomon MD: https://playproject.org/project/good-bad-ugly/

This week, the Extension Experience Podcast provides a re-run of a very popular episode from 2023 about the Eastern Redcedar. Dana invites Dr. Laura Goodman back to discuss the negative impacts of Eastern Redcedar on our nations grasslands. They discuss how the Eastern Redcedar has become commonplace in our grasslands across the U.S. and the [ Read More ]

In this episode we answer emails from Frank, Michael and Aaron.  We discuss four good portfolio analyzer tools, the hidden meanings in the Risk Parity Radio logo, the deficiencies of the website and where to find good international funds to use for portfolio construction.And THEN we our go through our weekly portfolio reviews of the eight sample portfolios you can find at Portfolios | Risk Parity Radio.Additional links:Father McKenna Center Donation Page -- Remember to mention "The Financial Quarterback match" in new donations:  Donate - Father McKenna CenterPortfolio Visualizer Monte Carlo Simulator:  Monte Carlo Simulation (portfoliovisualizer.com)Portfolio Charts Portfolio Matrix Tool:  Portfolio Matrix – Portfolio ChartsEarly Retirement Now Toolbox:  An Updated Google Sheet DIY Withdrawal Rate Toolbox (SWR Series Part 28) - Early Retirement NowTestfolio Calculator:  testfol.ioGeometric Golden Ratio Pentagon:  Golden Ratio in Regular Pentagon (cut-the-knot.org)Misbehavior of Markets Book:  The (Mis)Behavior of Markets by Benoît B. Mandelbrot | GoodreadsMore Than You Know Book:  More Than You Know: Finding Financial Wisdom in Unconventional Places by Michael J. Mauboussin | GoodreadsMerriman Best In Class ETF List:  Best-in-Class ETF Recommendations | Merriman Financial Education Foundation (paulmerriman.com)Video Re Best In Class ETFs:  Bootcamp #9 Best in Class ETF Update 2024 (youtube.com)DFA Mutual Fund List:  Funds | DimensionalTruncated AI-bot Summary:Can you imagine transforming your financial journey in the same way you might find camaraderie in your favorite dive bar? Welcome to Risk Parity Radio! Listener Frank reaches out with gratitude and a request for the best tools to backtest portfolios and determine safe withdrawal rates. We also tip our hats to Frank's generous donation to the Father McKenna Center, underscoring our ongoing charity drive in collaboration with the Financial Quarterback podcast.Ever wondered which platforms provide the most reliable data for crafting your financial future? We break down some of the top tools in the industry, like Portfolio Visualizer, Portfolio Charts, and the Early Retirement Now toolbox, along with the new player, Testfolio.  Along the way, we debunk myths around CAPE ratios and share a heartfelt story about our Risk Parity Radio logo, born out of the creativity sparked during the 2020 lockdown.From a cheerful Scottish greeting to a deep dive into international investing, this episode promises both humor and expertise. We tackle Aaron's email about international ETFs, emphasizing the importance of non-overlapping funds for true diversification. Drawing from resources like the Merriman Foundation and Chris Pedersen's analyses, we guide you in selecting top-tier funds from DFA and Avantis. Support the Show.

You are most like God when you are full of his joy.-------- Thank you for listening! Your support of Joni and Friends helps make this show possible.   Joni and Friends envisions a world where every person with a disability finds hope, dignity, and their place in the body of Christ. Become part of the global movement today at www.joniandfriends.org.   Find more encouragement on Instagram, TikTok, Facebook, and YouTube.

Enjoy the hump day show!

Many Christian mothers struggle with their reactions to their children's misbehavior, often responding with anger, frustration, or harsh discipline. This inconsistency between their faith values and parenting practices can lead to guilt, damaged relationships, ineffective discipline, and impact their child's faith. The podcast addresses how moms can align their responses to misbehavior with their Christian beliefs, focusing on self-regulation, gentleness, and modeling Christ's love, even in challenging moments. It explores the biblical perspective on discipline and offers practical strategies for moms to cultivate a more grace-filled, spiritually-grounded approach to guiding their children's behavior. You've got the Holy Spirit! You can do it, mama! Links: (This may contain some affiliate links, which means I receive a small commission, at no extra cost to you, if you make a purchase using these links. For more information, please see my disclosure policy.) Register for the Discipline that Connects with Your Child's Heart Online Workshop: createdtoplay.com/dtcworkshop Want more personalized help with discipline? Join my monthly Membership : https://createdtoplay.com/joinmembership Printables Membership: https://createdtoplay.com/printablesmembership Free Consult Call: https://createdtoplay.com/free-coaching Facebook Group: http://createdtoplay.com/community Playfully Faithful Parenting Podcast is a ministry of CreatedtoPlay.com. For more resources, tips, devotions, and tools check us out online: https://createdtoplay.com . Freebies for you: Want to work with me? Sign up for a 15-minute free coaching call: https://createdtoplay.com/free-coaching Free Bible Study on 3 Traits of God to Guide Your Discipline: https://createdtoplay.com/freebiblestudy Join my free 5-day Bible Play Challenge:  https://createdtoplay.com/challenge Get 17 fun, free kid's blessings for meals: https://createdtoplay.com/kids-blessings Even though I'm an introvert, I'm social!  Let's connect! Instagram: https://instagram.com/createdtoplay Facebook: https://facebook.com/created2play Pinterest: https://pinterest.com/createdtoplay Are you looking for a speaker for your next women's, parenting, family, or Children's Ministry event? I'm now booking for 2024. I'm available for virtual and live conferences, brunches, MOPS meetings, retreats, trainings, and more. More details and sample video here: createdtoplay.com/speaking Did you enjoy the show? Subscribe and leave me a 5-star review on Apple Music and make me giddy. Music by jorikbasov from Pixabay.

Discover all of the podcasts in our network, search for specific episodes, get the Optimal Living Daily workbook, and learn more at: OLDPodcast.com. Episode 2222: Adina Soclof's insights on managing a child's so-called manipulative behavior emphasize understanding their perspective and setting empathetic limits. By recognizing children's developmental stages and staying firm yet compassionate, parents can create a more harmonious home environment. Read along with the original article(s) here: https://parentingsimply.com/the-manipulative-child-how-to-regain-control/ & https://parentingsimply.com/summertime-madness-how-to-manage-misbehavior/ Quotes to ponder: "My child really wants that toy. He is using everything in his power to try to get that toy. He is really working hard at that!" "You really want that toy. It looks like so much fun. We won't be buying any toys today." "Once you've acknowledged your child's very real desire for whatever it is he wants, give yourself permission to say 'NO' to them." Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Wednesday Night Live 26 June 2024Stef what are some tips to determine if a company is a good place to work for? did you ever have crappy jobs?any advice for someone who is beginning to take philosophy seriously, and you once described it as walking across the dessert alone. Any advice for such an individual who now finds himself losing relationships?Join the PREMIUM philosophy community on the web for free!NOW AVAILABLE FOR SUBSCRIBERS: MY NEW BOOK 'PEACEFUL PARENTING' - AND THE INTERACTIVE PEACEFUL PARENTING AI AND AUDIOBOOK!Also get the Truth About the French Revolution, the interactive multi-lingual philosophy AI trained on thousands of hours of my material, private livestreams, premium call in shows, the 22 Part History of Philosophers series and much more!See you soon!https://freedomain.locals.com/support/promo/UPB2022

Today's episode marks the third and final session with Emma, mother of four in a blended family who relies on parenting strategies of the past. But things change, and we may also need to change the way we raise our children. Leslie continues to explore Emma's family patterns from her past, myths about parenting and fears that are so much a part of raising children. In this session, Leslie offers alternative strategies to the traditional punishments that parents so often rely on.  Once again Leslie redefines how we understand misbehavior and more specifically how we look at “punishment”. Does taking things away and giving out time outs actually work? Or is there a more effective way? Time Stamps4:40 Myth: Parents have to fix their children's problems4:56 Being a calm authority and pillar of support5:55 Validation has the power to make children feel heard and they stop repeating themselves12:15 Be responsible for your own panic12:31 Some people need more time to process (their feelings, instructions, or a situation)15:35 Take a step, take a beat, and see if the step works. If not, go back20:20 Leslie's class: Making the Punishment Fit the Crime21:39 Class name was intentionally provocative, because punishment doesn't work22:58 It is not a crime for your child to misbehave23:20 Misbehavior is not a crime, it's a learning experience and a form of communication29:30 Punishment creates shame (and abandonment) in the child30:24 An alternative to time out: take space, time in, staying connected31:20-35:30 Tool box for dealing with misbehaviorWhat does it communicateLet it goValidate, validate, validateProblem solve (finding other options)Conflict resolution stepsObserve and describe what's happeningDo Nothing is an option32:18 Principles of reinforcement35:30 Let's not throw away “time out,” let's transform it into “do you need some space”Resources:  Miles Davis quote: “It's not the note you play that's the wrong note – it's the note you play afterwards that makes it right or wrong.”  Leslie's newsletter:  The Art of Healthy Neglect Leslie-ism: People including kids are doing the best they can with the skills they have at the current time. For a full transcript of this episode and more information about the host visit https://lesliecohenrubury.com/podcasts/ . You can also follow Leslie's work on Facebook and Instagram. Join the conversation with your own questions and parenting experiences.Credits: Is My Child a Monster? is produced by Alletta Cooper, Mia Warren, AJ Moultrié, Camila Salazar, and Leslie Cohen-Rubury. Theme music is by L-Ray Music. Graphics and Website Design by Brien O'Reilly. Transcriptions by Eric Rubury. A special thanks to everyone who contributes their wisdom and support to make this possible.

Ralph welcomes back Bishop William J. Barber to discuss the upcoming Poor People's Campaign March and Assembly in Washington, DC on June 29th, as well as Bishop Barber's new book "WHITE POVERTY: How Exposing Myths About Race and Class Can Reconstruct American Democracy." Then Ralph is joined by Phil Mattera from Good Jobs First to discuss their new report on corporate misbehavior, "The High Cost of Misconduct: Corporate Penalties Reach the Trillion-Dollar Mark."Bishop William Barber is President and Senior Lecturer of Repairers of the Breach, which was established to train communities in moral movement building. He is Co-chair of the Poor People's Campaign: A National Call for Moral Revival, and Founding Director and Professor at the Center for Public Theology and Public Policy at Yale Divinity School.  His new book is White Poverty: How Exposing Myths About Race and Class Can Reconstruct American Democracy.I might add, for our listeners, a lot of these social safety measures have been long enacted and are operating in Western Europe, in Canada, even in places like Taiwan and Japan—like full health insurance, and a lot of the labor rights, the absence of voter suppression, higher minimum wages. And in Western Europe, they have abolished poverty—as we know it in the United States. Ralph NaderOne thing that people are saying why they're interested [in the Poor People's Campaign] is because this is not just a gathering of a day, and it's not just a gathering for a few high-profile people to speak. The messengers are going to be the impacted people, and many of the people are committing to the larger effort of mobilizing these poor low wealth voters.Bishop William BarberIt's not just “saving the democracy”, Ralph. It's what kind of democracy do we want to save?Bishop William BarberWe see the kindredness of issues and oppression— that if these bodies can come together and unite, not by ignoring the issue of race, but by dealing with it and dealing with race and class together and recognizing the power that they have together, there can be some real fundamental change.Bishop William BarberPhil Mattera serves as Violation Tracker Project Director and Corporate Research Project Director at Good Jobs First. Mr. Mattera is a licensed private investigator; author of four books on business, labor and economics; and a long-time member of the National Writers Union. His blog on corporate research and corporate misbehavior is the Dirt Diggers Digest, and has written more than 70 critical company profiles for the Corporate Rap Sheets section of the Corporate Research Project website. He is co-author, with Siobhan Standaert, of the new report “The High Cost of Misconduct: Corporate Penalties Reach the Trillion-Dollar Mark”. This is a big problem with the Justice Department—it has this addiction to leniency agreements and it wants to give companies an opportunity not to have to plead guilty when there actually are criminal cases brought against them. So they offer them these strange deals—non-prosecution and deferred-prosecution agreements. And the theory is that the company is going to be so shaken up by the possibility of a criminal charge that they'll clean up their act, and they'll never do bad things again. But what we've seen over and over again is the companies get the leniency agreement and then they break the rules again. And sometimes the Justice Department responds by giving them another leniency agreement. So it turns the whole process into a farce. Phil MatteraWe're always interested in more transparency about both the misconduct and about enforcement actions. We feel that there's no justification for agencies to ever keep this information secret…I think there needs to be more pressure on companies, particularly high profile companies that have been involved in these offenses. A lot of companies seem to think that they pay their penalty, they just move on, and it's as if it's as if it never happened.Phil MatteraIn Case You Haven't Heard with Francesco DeSantisNews 6/5/241.  In Mexico, Claudia Sheinbaum has been elected president in a landslide. Sheinbaum is the hand-picked successor of Mexican president Andrés Manuel López Obrador, or AMLO, who is termed out but leaves office with an 80% approval rating, per Gallup. Sheinbaum is Mexico's first woman president; she is also the country's first Jewish president. In addition to years of service in government, Sheinbaum is an accomplished climate scientist who worked with the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. During her campaign, Sheinbaum published a list of 100 commitments she will pursue as president. Front and center among these are climate-related goals. Sustainability magazine reports “[Sheinbaum] has committed to investing more than…$13 billion in new energy projects by 2030, focusing on wind and solar power generation and modernising hydroelectric facilities.” We urge the U.S. government to follow suit.2. Stacy Gilbert, a senior civil military adviser for the U.S. State Department, resigned last Tuesday, alleging that “The state department falsified a report…to absolve Israel of responsibility for blocking humanitarian aid flows into Gaza,” per the Guardian. Gilbert claims “that report's conclusion went against the overwhelming view of state department experts who were consulted.” As the article notes, this report was a high stakes affair. Had the State Department found that the Israeli government had violated international humanitarian law, and linked those violations to U.S.-supplied weapons, there would have been serious consequences regarding the legality of American military support. In addition to Gilbert, “Alexander Smith, a contractor for the US Agency for International Development… resigned on Monday…[saying] he was given a choice between resignation and dismissal after preparing a presentation on maternal and child mortality among Palestinians.”3. Per the Jeruslam Post, “South African International Relations and Cooperation Minister Naledi Pandor affirmed…that the United States would be next if the International Criminal Court (ICC) is allowed to prosecute Israeli leadership.” Pandor “went on to claim that nations and officials who provide military and financial assistance for Israel's war against Hamas in Gaza ‘will be liable for prosecution…' [and]…noted that a group of 140 international lawyers are currently working on a class action suit against non-Israelis, including South Africans, who have been serving in Israel's military.” International law experts like Bruce Fein have previously warned that the United States' material support for Israel during this genocidal campaign makes this country a co-belligerent in this war and therefore liable for prosecution by the ICC.4. Liberal Israeli news outlet Haaretz has published a shocking report related to the recent revelations concerning Mossad's intimidation campaign against the ICC. According to Haaretz's report, the paper was “about to publish details of the affair” in 2022, when “security officials thwarted it.” Al Jazeera adds that the Haaretz journalist behind the story, Gur Megiddo was told during his meeting with an Israeli security official, that if he published, he “would suffer the consequences and get to know the interrogation rooms of the Israeli security authorities from the inside.” This story highlights how deeply Israel has descended into authoritarianism, seeking to bully and silence not only international watchdogs, but their own domestic journalists.5. Prem Thakker of the Intercept is out with an outrageous story of censorship at elite law reviews. According to Mr. Thakker, “In November, human rights lawyer Rabea Eghbariah was set to be the first Palestinian published in the Harvard Law Review. Then his essay was killed. [On June 3rd], he became the first [Palestinian published] in the Columbia Law Review. Then the Board of Directors took the whole site down.” As I write this, the Columbia Law Review website still says it is “under maintenance.”6. Lauren Kaori Gurley, Labor Reporter at the Washington Post, reports “16 [thousand] academic workers at UC San Diego, UC Santa Barbara, and UC Irvine will [go on] strike…according to their union… They will join 15 [thousand] workers already on strike at UCLA, UC Santa Cruz, and UC Davis over the university's response to pro-Palestine protests on campus.” We commend these academic workers for leveraging their most powerful tool – their labor – on behalf of their fellow students and those suffering in Palestine.7. More Perfect Union reports “The FBI has raided landlord giant Cortland Management over algorithmic price-fixing collusion. Cortland is allegedly part of a bigger conspiracy coordinated by software firm RealPage to raise rents across the country through price-fixing and keeping apartments empty.” Paired with the recent oil price fixing lawsuit and the announcement from retailers that they are lowering prices on many consumer goods, a new picture of inflation is starting to emerge – one that has less to do with macroeconomic reality and more to do with plain old corporate greed.8. Vermont has passed a new law making it the first state in the nation to demand that “fossil fuel companies…pay a share of the damage caused by climate change,” per AP. Per this report, “Under the legislation, the Vermont state treasurer, in consultation with the Agency of Natural Resources, would provide a report…on the total cost to Vermonters and the state from the emission of greenhouse gases from Jan. 1, 1995, to Dec. 31, 2024… [looking] at the effects on public health, natural resources, agriculture, economic development, housing and other areas.” Paul Burns of the Vermont Public Interest Research Group said of the law “For too long, giant fossil fuel companies have knowingly lit the match of climate disruption without being required to do a thing to put out the fire…Finally, maybe for the first time anywhere, Vermont is going to hold the companies most responsible for climate-driven floods, fires and heat waves financially accountable for a fair share of the damages they've caused.”9. Following months of pressure and a probe led by Senator Bernie Sanders, Boehringer – one of the largest producers of inhalers – has announced they will cap out of pocket costs for the lifesaving devices at $35, per Common Dreams. Boehringer used to charge as much as $500 for an inhaler in the U.S., while the same product sold in France for just $7. Sanders, continuing this crusade, said "We look forward to AstraZeneca moving in the same direction…in the next few weeks, and to GlaxoSmithKline following suit in the coming months,” and added “We are waiting on word from Teva, the fourth major inhaler manufacturer, as to how they will proceed."10. Finally, the Justice Department has unsealed an indictment charging Bill Guan, the Chief Financial Officer of the Epoch Times newspaper with “participating in a transnational scheme to launder at least…$67 million of illegally obtained funds.” The Epoch Times is the mouthpiece of a bizarre anti-Communist Chinese cult known as the Falun Gong, famous for their outlandish beliefs such as that proper mastery of qigong can be “used to develop the ability to fly, to move objects by telekinesis and to heal diseases,” per the New York Times. The Falun Gong is also the entity behind the Shen Yun performances and their ubiquitous billboards. In recent years, the Epoch Times has gone all-in on Right-wing propaganda and fake news, with close ties to the Trump White House and campaign, as the Guardian has detailed. We urge the Justice Department to pursue this indictment to the hilt and shut down this rag that has become a cancer within our republic.This has been Francesco DeSantis, with In Case You Haven't Heard. Get full access to Ralph Nader Radio Hour at www.ralphnaderradiohour.com/subscribe

Dr. Kevin Leman offers advice to help parents transform their child's behavior. He discusses the benefits of allowing your kids to learn from real-life consequences and describes the importance of understanding your child's temperament based on his or her birth order. Featuring Jean Daly (Part 2 of 2)   Receive the book Why Your Kids Misbehave, and What To Do About It for your donation of any amount! Plus, receive member-exclusive benefits when you make a recurring gift today. Your monthly support helps families thrive.   Get More Episode Resources   We'd love to hear from you! Visit our Homepage to leave us a voicemail.

Dr. Kevin Leman offers advice to help parents transform their child's behavior. He discusses the benefits of allowing your kids to learn from real-life consequences and describes the importance of understanding your child's temperament based on his or her birth order. Featuring Jean Daly (Part 1 of 2)   Receive the book Why Your Kids Misbehave, and What To Do About It for your donation of any amount! Plus, receive member-exclusive benefits when you make a recurring gift today. Your monthly support helps families thrive.   Get More Episode Resources   We'd love to hear from you! Visit our Homepage to leave us a voicemail.

Welcome to another Neuroaffirming Nugget! Neuroaffirming nuggets are easily digestible pieces of information to support you on your parenting journey. At 15 minutes or less, these actionable items are the perfect parenting snack. Today's topic is: Misbehavior versus Stress Behavior For tips and skills to expand your understanding of your children's drive behind their behaviors with our Responsive Parenting Mini Series here: https://stan.store/Mindfulasamother/p/responsive-parenting-mini-course Check out magic mind here: www.magicmind.com/mothers and use code MOTHERS20 for 55% off. Please give us your feedback on this episode and let us know if you need more clarity

Welcome to another Neuroaffirming Nugget! Neuroaffirming nuggets are easily digestible pieces of information to support you on your parenting journey. At 15 minutes or less, these actionable items are the perfect parenting snack. Today's topic is: Misbehavior versus Stress Behavior For tips and skills to expand your understanding of your children's drive behind their behaviors with our Responsive Parenting Mini Series here: https://stan.store/Mindfulasamother/p/responsive-parenting-mini-course Check out magic mind here: www.magicmind.com/mothers and use code MOTHERS20 for 55% off. Please give us your feedback on this episode and let us know if you need more clarity

Do you struggle to stay calm during your big kid's big meltdowns? You're not alone! As a parent of spirited, intense children, I have plenty of experience with big meltdowns and "bad" behaviors. It can be especially frustrating when the kid losing it is a big kid! If you can relate, you will love this interview with Cheryl Cardall! Related Episodes:  339: The Hidden Reason for Misbehavior (in kids AND parents!) // Wendy Bertagnole 279: Navigating Parenting Triggers // Nat Vikitsreth 083: Are Kids Today Harder Than They Were In The Past? // Katherine Reynolds Lewis  Episode sponsors: Kneaders: Download the Kneaders app, and use promo code 3in30 to get $2 off an entree now through May 15, 2024. BetterHelp: This episode is sponsored by BetterHelp. Go to betterhelp.com/3in30 to get 10% off your first month of online therapy! KiwiCo: Build the best summer ever with KiwiCo! Get 20% off on your Summer Adventure Series by following the link!  *** Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

"A Fractal View of Risk, Ruin and Reward"

You and me and enthusiastic curiosity - WOOHOO! It may sound crazy but when we can really connect with the experience we are having while navigating our kids' mischief, regulate, and shift into curiosity, there is space for much deeper connection and learning for all. Truly. Listen to this show for tips on all the things - and let me know what you think! For show notes and more info on our sponsors, head to https://www.besproutable.com/podcasts/Eps-478-Meeting-misbehavior-with-enthusiastic-curiosity/ To chime in on your take-aways, join the Joyful Courage for Parents of Teens FB Group: https://www.facebook.com/groups/jcforparentsofteens/posts/1600103267494128/ Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In this episode of the Fresh Start Family show, Wendy Snyder explores the connection between a child's misbehavior and the nervous system. She shares her personal journey of healing and how our own conditioning impacts our parenting. Wendy identifies five signs that a child's misbehavior is a symptom, including fear of making mistakes, intense reactions, self-criticism, conditional love, and a need for compassion. By understanding these signs, parents can focus on healing and connection rather than fixing their child's behavior. Tune in next week for an episode with Wendy's mentor, Kate Northrup, discussing nervous system healing and financial health. For links & more info about everything discussed in this episode, head to www.freshstartfamilyonline.com/220. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In this conversation, therapist Jessica Hutchison discusses the topic of grief and traumatic loss. She shares her personal journey of turning her own pain into purpose and highlights the importance of specialized grief therapy. Jessica explains the differences between grief and trauma and challenges the misconception of applying the stages of grief to post-loss situations. She also explores the impact of attachment styles on relationships and provides insights on creating secure attachment. The conversation concludes with a discussion on how to raise children with a secure attachment style. In this conversation, Jessica Hutchison discusses the importance of repairing parenting mistakes and apologizing to children. She emphasizes the need to focus on repair rather than dwelling on our imperfections as parents. Jessica also highlights the significance of addressing misbehavior as a sign that a child needs help coming back online and the importance of separating misbehavior from self-worth. She shares her upcoming training program on sudden and traumatic loss and the grief that follows. Jessica also mentions her podcast, Honest Women, which focuses on honest conversations and self-reflection. She talks about the value of embracing failure, recommends the book 'When Things Fall Apart,' and shares her morning routine and the importance of prioritizing sleep. Finally, she provides information on where to find her online. Takeaways ✅ Focus on repairing parenting mistakes rather than dwelling on imperfections. ✅ Misbehavior is a sign that a child needs help coming back online and should be met with love and support. ✅ Embrace failure as a learning opportunity and a chance for personal growth. ✅ Prioritize self-care, including a morning routine and sufficient sleep. Timeline 01:19 From Pain to Purpose 03:03 Misconceptions about Grief 06:16 The Impact of Trauma on Grief 08:57 The Brain's Response to Grief 09:54 Grief and Breakups 10:50 The Loss of Future Plans 11:42 The Power of Mental Subtraction 12:16 The Impact of Attachment Styles 16:53 Identifying the Need for Grief Therapy 17:14 Finding Solutions for Grief 18:16 Group Therapy for Grief 19:40 Understanding Attachment in Relationships 26:43 The Impact of Attachment on Marriage 27:44 Creating Secure Attachment 40:17 Repairing Attachment in Relationships 44:25 Attachment and Parenting 45:08 Repairing Parenting Mistakes 47:17 Misbehavior and Self-Worth 49:12 Upcoming Training Program 50:32 Honest Women Podcast 52:25 Embracing Failure 53:13 Book Recommendations 54:13 Morning Routine 55:57 Importance of Sleep 56:08 Where to Find Jessica Hutchison

What if I told you that in this episode you will learn one secret that can completely change many of the misbehaviors in your home? Would you believe me? I hope so because that is what this conversation with Wendy Bertagnole did for me. Wendy is a special education teacher who is also a mother of three, and she's here to teach us about sensory preferences. For full show notes, including the three takeaways, go to https://3in30podcast.com/339-reason-for-misbehavior Announcement: Wendy put together a guided workbook to help you figure out what works best for your kids. You can find that workbook here. Episode sponsors: BetterHelp: This episode is sponsored by BetterHelp. Go to betterhelp.com/3in30 to get 10% off your first month of online therapy! KiwiCo: Redefine learning with play and explore projects that build confidence and problem-solving skills with Kiwi Co. Use my promo code 3in30 to get 50% off your first month on any great line! Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Research show that suspending students worsens behaviors, leads to more negative educational outcomes, and results in poor academic performance. So then, why are 3 million students suspended in the United States every year? Undesirable behaviors in children are most often caused by unmet needs. They are seeking connection and relationships. They very likely don't have the tools to correct the behaviors on their own.In this episode, Lauren gives us alternatives to suspension and expulsion that will help kids to develop the skills they need while also providing a supportive school environment. Lauren answers this week's listener question during the episode: How do you provide a consistent and appropriate response from all providers working with children?Try-at-home tip:  Walk and take tough calls. Walking helps you regulate your nervous system so your calls will go better if you do them while walking! Terms to Look Up:Restorative CirclesPeer Led MediationOther related resources from The Behavior Hub: Blog Post: Five Reasons Behaviors OccurChildren's EmotionsAll the Coping Strategies for Your KiddosPodcast:Five Things that Drive Unwanted BehaviorsHow on Earth do we Deal with Misbehavior?Understanding Behavior and Regulating ItOur Online Courses: Classroom Design with the Brain in MindFrom Conflict to Calm:  How to communicate with kids so they listen the FIRST time!4 Simple Steps to Problem SolvingDo you have a question? I can answer it in a future episode!Email questions to podcast@thebehaviorhub.com or send via text to 717-693-7744.Subscribe to our mailing list and find out more about the Emotional Brain.Check out our Facebook Group – Raising and Teaching Respectful Children The Behavior Hub websiteThe Behavior Hub blogAre you struggling with behaviors and not sure where to begin? Let me help!Schedule a free discovery call and let me be your Guide.As an Amazon Associate, I earn from qualifying purchases. 

Benoit Mandelbrot's "The Misbehavior of Markets" is a groundbreaking work in the field of finance that has changed the way millions perceive the dynamics of financial markets. Filled with thought-provoking insights and real-life market observations, the book challenges conventional financial theories and introduces the concept of fractal geometry. Mandelbrot enlightens readers on how markets, much like natural phenomena, exhibit fractal patterns, inviting them to view the markets through a new lens of unpredictability and complexity. Through fractal geometry, readers learn to appreciate the markets' inherent 'wildness' and 'roughness', leading them to a more realistic understanding of market risks and rewards.

The fellas discuss the latest shakeup in the GOP primary, Smug weighs in on a controversial parenting issue and Dave McCormick joins the Progrum.

We're all stressed! Tune in to learn the 3 tools we use for stress de-escalation in the moment and rhe 4 ways we examine stressful situations or conflict to reduce disconnect and meet needs between us and our kids -- to feel. better and do better all around!Are you motivated to master the mindset + learn shame-free, consent-based tools to overcome challenges with your sensitive, strong-willed and/or neurodivergent kid?✨You're not alone!Happy 1 year anniversary to The Upbringing Collective– our coaching + community membership!! Grab your discounted spot HERE!Enrollment is open at the $25 founder's rate until 10/31!

Starting today (we promise you're not too late!), join us for a Three-Day Workshop: Unputdownable: Write A Book Agents Can't Stop Thinking About. It's three classes, daily forums, a thriving workshop community, live Q&A and a first pages feedback panel. This workshop includes: *Class: Banner Days - have the reader looking forward and backward, imagining how characters and situations will interact–giving surprise, delight and grounding *Class: Truth as Structure - strategically decide, from the narrator to the reader to the main character to the antagonist, who knows what when *Class: Proactivity & Misbehavior - keep your characters active, sympathetic, imperfect, at a crossroads–and full of agency *Daily Workshopping with your new best writer friends (seriously! You are all so lovely) *Live Q&A *Live Feedback Panel ***Please note that everything can be done on your schedule.*** All materials will be up until November 27, and you have the same odds of feedback whether you attend live or send your work and watch the replay. Hope you can join us! FREE Workshop preview here: https://manuscriptacademy.com/your-emotional-stakes Get your Unputdownable Three-Day Workshop ticket ($49) here: https://manuscriptacademy.com/product/unputdownable-three-day-workshop

In this engaging School Administrator recap, Joshua Stamper and Katie Miglin share valuable insights and thoughtful responses from the School Administrators' Mastermind community. They address pivotal questions, such as: