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Episode 69: The Hidden Harms of Vaping and Nicotine Pouches - What Dental Professionals Need to Know Hosts: Tabitha Acret (Australia) & Melissa Obrotka (USA) Episode Description In this critical episode, Tabitha and Melissa tackle one of the most pressing and misunderstood topics in oral health today: the harms of vaping and nicotine pouches like Zyn. Far from being "harmless alternatives," these products present significant risks that dental professionals need to understand and address. Key Topics Covered What Are Vapes and Nicotine Pouches?
Interview with Kevin J. Contrera, MD, MPH, author of Neoadjuvant Therapy for Mucosal Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Review From the American Head and Neck Society. Hosted by Paul C. Bryson, MD, MBA. Related Content: Neoadjuvant Therapy for Mucosal Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Interview with Kevin J. Contrera, MD, MPH, author of Neoadjuvant Therapy for Mucosal Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Review From the American Head and Neck Society. Hosted by Paul C. Bryson, MD, MBA. Related Content: Neoadjuvant Therapy for Mucosal Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
There is much more focus on mucosal healing in endoscopic assessment of IBD - Raf Bisschops explains it all
In this episode of the Pediatric and Developmental Pathology Podcast, our hosts Dr. Mike Arnold (@MArnold_PedPath) and Dr. Jason Wang speak with Dr. Jeff Terry of British Columbia Children's and Women's Hospitals about his article in Pediatric and Developmental Pathology: Interferon Gamma Expressing Mucosal Cells in Pediatric Chronic Inflammatory Bowel Disease Featured public domain music: Summer Pride by Loyalty Freak
In this episode of the Health Detective Podcast by Functional Diagnostic Nutrition, host Evan Transue, AKA, Detective Ev, is joined by Reed Davis, the founder of FDN, to analyze the Mucosal Barrier Assessment test and discuss the critical roles of zonulin, histamine, and diamine oxidase (DAO) in gut health. They explain how these markers can provide insights into gut permeability and inflammation, and what these results mean for the 31-year-old female client who ran this test. She was experiencing symptoms like minor bloating, fatigue, anxiety, depression, and occasional acne. Reed breaks down the complexities behind these markers and emphasizes the importance of understanding the client's broader health picture. Watch the YouTube version by clicking here. Want to try out FDN without fully committing yet? Go to fdntraining.com/resources for our best free (and paid) programs.
High levels of omega-3, omega-6 may protect against cancerFather's gut microbes affect the next generationProtect Your Gut Mucosal Barrier for Immune Health and VitalityOzempic, Similar Weight Loss Drugs Linked to 162 Deaths in U.S.https://www.georgebatista.comGreen Vibrance: vibrance.georgebatista.comWellness Resource: myvitaminresource.comProtonmail: Protonmail.georgebatista.comrumble.georgebatista.comEmail: Wellnesstalk@protonmail.com
JOIN DETECTIVE EV AND THE FDN CREW IN PERSON! FDN is the largest sponsor for the HIX event in beautiful San Diego, CA. Use code HDP200 for $200 off tickets. In this Lunch&Learn session, host Evan Transue, AKA, Detective Ev, and AFDNP Executive Director, Lucy McKellar discuss the fourthl FDN foundational lab in their series, the MBA (mucosal barrier assessment). Watch the video version by clicking here to get a visual of us explaining intestinal permeability and the role of epithelial cells, before exploring the significance of markers like zonulin and histamine. Start the FDN course for FREE (no credit card required) at fdntraining.com/resources.
JOIN DETECTIVE EV AND THE FDN CREW IN PERSON! FDN is the largest sponsor for the HIX event in beautiful San Diego, CA. Use code HDP200 for $200 off tickets. Join Evan Transue, AKA Detective Ev, as he takes the reins solo on this episode of the Health Detective Podcast by Functional Diagnostic Nutrition. Dive deep into the science behind leaky gut, its causes, and its implications on your overall health. Learn about the mucosal barrier, the body's immune response, and practical steps you can take to support gut health. Evan also discusses useful supplements like bovine serum immunoglobulin, probiotics, and L-glutamine. Don't miss out on understanding how to combat the health challenges posed by today's toxic world. Start the FDN course for FREE (no credit card required) at fdntraining.com/resources.
A video snippet of our conversation. Full videos of all Ground Truths podcasts can be seen on YouTube here. The audios are also available on Apple and Spotify.Shane Crotty: A Landmark Study on Upper Airway Mucosal ImmunityTranscriptThis is the first time a Ground Truths podcast is being posted simultaneous with a new publication, this one in Nature, by Professor Shane Crotty and his colleagues at La Jolla Institute for Immunology. Shane is one of the leading immunologists and virologists in the country; he and his group published in 2020 the first detailed analysis for how our immune system responds to SARS-CoV-2. Shane also, among many other notable contributions during COVID, illuminated the role of hybrid immunity vs COVID, the differences between and additivity of vaccination and infection.Today's paper in Nature is indeed a landmark contribution doing something that hasn't been done before—to understand the underpinnings of mucosal immunity of the upper airway. 100 participants had monthly nasal and nasopharyngeal swabs throughout the pandemic. With a median of >100,000 cells per swab recovered, they undertook single-cell sequencing and full characterization of the cells (tissue-resident memory B cells, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, germinal center follicular helper T cells and B cells, etc.) to determine optimal immune protection of the upper airway, the effect of infections by different variants, breakthrough infections, vaccination, and age.Here is the transcript of our conversation about the new report with links to the audio:Eric Topol (00:06):Hello, it's Eric Topol with Ground Truths, and with me today is Professor Shane Crotty from the La Jolla Institute of Immunology (LJI), not too far away from where I work at Scripps. And Shane has been a go-to immunologist colleague here in the Mesa, and he and his colleagues were the ones that really first published the response to SARS-CoV-2 as far as the immunologic response. And today we're doing something very unique. We're going to go over for the first time in the two year plus history of Ground Truths, going to have a publication with at least simultaneous or near simultaneous podcast. Shane, welcome and congratulations on this really important paper in Nature.Shane Crotty (00:57):Thanks, Eric. Thanks for having me. Yeah, somebody asked if I was going to go over to Scripps for the podcast and I was like, yeah, we could.Eric Topol (01:06):You could. You could. But no, it's good. And it's nice having the logo of this great institute you work at right in the right corner. And you've done so many contributions with your colleagues at La Jolla Institute. It's really a privilege to have a chance to learn from you and particularly about what we're going to talk about today, which is mucosal immunity to upper airway infections, which is especially germane to COVID. And we're actually in the middle of a significant wave of COVID right now. And I guess it would maybe be fair to say, Shane, that we've never truly understood the underpinnings, the real details of upper airway mucosal immunity. Is that a fair statement?Shane Crotty (01:53):Yeah, it is a fair statement.Eric Topol (01:56):Okay. So today we're going to crack the case. This paper from you and your colleagues, of course, you're the senior author and first author, Sydney Ramirez did a remarkable study. I mean, just extraordinary. This is why we're doing a special podcast about it. Maybe you could just kind of give us the overview of the design because you were doing things that haven't been done before.Shane Crotty (02:24):Sure. And, I would say the genesis even of it goes back to what you were introducing. I mean, during the pandemic, we like a lot of scientists spent a lot of time and energy trying to help understanding immune responses to this virus, and immune memory to this virus, and what was involved in protective immunity. And we're certainly proud of the work that we did. And it was hard work. And after a while we were exhausted and we stopped.Shane Crotty (02:59):And then we came back to it after a while and said, well, the virus is still here. And so many people have contributed so much to better understanding the virus and creating vaccines. But there are clearly still things we don't understand. What are those biggest knowledge gaps and where might we be able to contribute? And really to me the biggest one was location, location, location. This is a virus that infects your nose, infects your upper airway—your nose, and throat, and oral cavity. And then obviously if you get severe disease, the severe disease and death are from the lungs. And it's just been a big knowledge gap in terms of understanding what actually occurs in those tissues immunologically and what is associated with protective immunity or what could be associated with protective immunity. And sort of looking forward what might be helpful for mucosal vaccine development from things that we could learn.Shane Crotty (04:12):So we started from what we would call the basics, and what does immune memory look like in the upper airways in normal people? And that hasn't been available really even in, and we started this two years ago, even in the biggest atlases published of the human body. There was no upper airway tissue representation at all. And that's because technically it's just tough to access and difficult to reproducibly get at. And so, we recruited people to a group of 20 to 30 people to come to LJI once a month, and just started testing out, published and unpublished sampling techniques to see were there ways where we could reproducibly sample immune cells in the upper airways from people. And once we got things, so the keys for us were you got to have enough cells that you can collect to learn something from. And luckily with modern techniques of flow cytometry and single cell sequencing, you don't need that many cells. And so, we could get a hundred thousand cells on a swab and that's enough to do a lot with. And second, how reproducible was it? So we showed, we had people come in every month for a year and we could reproducibly find the same things in their swab; same cell types in their swabs. And the third thing was that people would come back.Shane Crotty (06:05):We found that if you have good nurses doing the techniques, we could find ways that this would be a sampling approach that was tolerable and people would come back for repeat measures, which is really valuable to see what's happening in people over time. So that was what we started from in the study and built from.Eric Topol (06:27):And if I am correct, you sampled two places with the swabs, one in the nose and one of the throat. Or, I think one which you have in the paper as the MT for something about the median nasal turbinate and the other adenoid in the back of the throat. Is that right?Shane Crotty (06:50):So all the sampling is a swab into your nose. And when we were doing that, we were really excited to see the diversity of immune cells, particularly T cells and B cells, memory T cells and B cells that we isolated. They're like, wow, there's actually a lot of interesting immune memory up in there. And the lab said, oh, by the way, we're seeing T follicular helper cells (TFH). Now that happens to be my favorite cell type.Eric Topol (07:22):Why is that, Shane? Of all the cells, why do you say that's your favorite? I know you publish a lot on it.Shane Crotty (07:31):Because those are the T cells that are required for basically all neutralizing antibody responses. All high-quality antibody responses depend on—almost all high-quality antibody responses depend on—T cell help. That T cell help comes from T follicular helper cells. Antibody evolution is certainly one of the coolest processes of the immune system. And all of that depends on T follicular helper cells. So the fact that for example, you could get Omicron neutralizing antibodies even after only being vaccinated with ancestral vaccine, that's the immune system making guesses of what variants would look like. And those guesses come about through this antibody evolution that's driven by T follicular helper cells. So, it's really one of the most brilliant things the immune system does, and that's a cell type that's really key, but those processes happen in lymphoid tissue. That's what happens in lymph nodes and spleen. And here we were sampling epithelium, your nasal epithelium, so the cells didn't really belong there.Shane Crotty (08:37):And so, that's what turned the study in another direction. And we said, okay, let's figure out why is it that these cells are present in these swabs? And we had a couple of possibilities. One possibility was that the swab was going all the way back to the posterior wall of your nasopharynx, your top of your throat and sampling adenoid tissue. So adenoid tonsils and adenoids are a true lymphoid tissue and they're a mucosal lymphoid tissue. And so, we came up with multiple ways to validate that that's what we were testing. And in fact, it was the Sydney Ramirez, a clinician, and the ENTs involved who said, well, let's just look. And so, they actually did endoscopies with the swab to actually see where the swab went. We've got videos of the swabs going into the adenoid crypt in the back, and then we've got measurements of here are the cells that you find on those swabs.Shane Crotty (09:58):And what's cool about it is that, yes, so we did studies with two sets. We then shifted to doing studies with two sets of swabs. One where we essentially went “halfway back” where we were detecting that epithelium of your nasal passages and then one where it was all the way back and detecting the adenoid lymphoid tissue. So here we've got two different sites in your upper airways that are about an inch apart, and we're detecting essentially completely different cells of the immune system at those two places. And we tend to think of the cells present in that epithelial tissue as probably the sentinels, the cells that are sitting there that can potentially immediately react and try and protect you against a viral or bacterial infection. Whereas the lymphoid tissue, the adenoids, is really about generating the immune responses in the first place and priming immune responses. And that's where these germinal centers can occur, which are where the TFH are where you can get antibody evolution. And so, we found in the course of the study that with this non-invasive technique that we can.Eric Topol (11:14):By the way, I don't want to be signing up for the one way up there because I mean just a mid-nose enough for me. So wow, I got to give credit to your study participants for coming back every month for a year to have that. Some people call it a brain biopsy.Video of swab of nasopharyngeal tissueShane Crotty (11:33):Right. So I will tell you, it is a different experience than the COVID nasopharyngeal swab might've gotten through your car window. If you're actually sitting down in a comfortable space and there's a nurse doing it with these particular goals. We really found, we had a hundred people in the study and a total of 300 swabs, and the vast majority of people came back if we asked them to.Eric Topol (12:06):That's great.Shane Crotty (12:07):And we're certainly very thankful for the volunteers. Obviously they were volunteering in the first place to participate. So I'm a little hesitant about the video because I've told people to not show it to potential volunteers because it definitely doesn't encourage you to volunteer. You're like, wait, that's what's happening? But actually, I've had it done on me.Video of the swab to the nasopharynx for adenoid (lymphoid tissue) access.Eric Topol (12:37):Not that bad.Shane Crotty (12:39):It's really pretty compelling. And by doing these repeated samples, we actually now have the capacity to look at ongoing immune responses like after an infection or vaccination in people and see how that results in the immune system changing and what might be the source of the protective immunity that comes up. So we've actually got data in the paper looking at this antibody evolution in real time. So we've got affinity maturation of B cells occurring in just normal healthy adults of mucosal B cells against COVID. And so, that's really helping us learn what's possible, basically to figure out, okay, if you're going to try and make a vaccine, what types of immune cells are even possible to generate in this tissue? And where might you try and generate them? Or if you're trying to study some disease state, what are types of cells that might be problematic?Eric Topol (13:45):Yeah, I mean, I think the idea that so many of us have been pushing for a nasal vaccine to induce mucosal immunity because, as you know very well, the current shots are not very good at any durable or substantial protection from upper airway infections of COVID or SARS-CoV-2 and other infections. So I think one of the most important parts of this report is that it lends itself well to helping towards artificially, if you will, make a vaccine to get the protective features that you were able to identify. Maybe you could just [speculate], if you had the ideal nasal airway, what would the cellular profile look like?Shane Crotty (14:44):Ah, I see. Yeah, great question. So, first of all, antibodies are great. So most of my career has been dedicated to most licensed vaccines. The correlate of protection is antibodies. Antibodies clearly can be protective, and if you can get them that's excellent, so certainly I would want, in terms of the non-cellular component, I would want antibodies present, neutralizing antibodies present in it.Eric Topol (15:26):Are these IgA or IgG?Shane Crotty (15:31):Yeah, in an ideal situation, what would I want? I'd want a mix of both, basically. The IgAs look like they have a little more protective efficacy, but the IgGs, just at a molecular level have a longer half-life, stick around a little. So yeah, I'd want both. And then really the premise for most of what we do is saying, in situations where antibody isn't enough or the antibodies don't stay around long enough, or you've got a variant that now obviates the protective efficacy of that particular antibody, are there other types of protective immunity you can have? And the immune system has other stuff besides antibodies for a reason. Of the lymphocytes in your blood, most of them aren't antibody producing cells. Most of them are other things. And so, well sticking with adjacent to antibodies, those antibodies in the mucosa, I'd want them to be made by cells that were literally right there. So plasma cells living in that site so that you've got basically the highest concentration of antibodies you can get because they're not having to diffuse through the whole body. They're just already at their highest concentration right there. Now antibodies come from B cells, that's what encodes the antibodies.Shane Crotty (17:03):And so, the B cells can make neutralizing antibodies if it turns out that you haven't made enough neutralizing antibodies, or if there's a variant that escapes those, maybe there are other B cells that could make, once you get infected, more B cells that could make more antibody rapidly infection, or B cells that recognize this variant that is mismatched to the current antibodies you have. But memory B cells are basically a library of different antibody specificities representing different guesses about what viral variants or structures might look like. And so, I would want memory B cells in that upper airway tissue that could reactivate quickly. There are memory B cells in your blood and we don't know how long it takes. And that's one of the reasons we're hoping we and others build upon this study. But it might take, let's say five days for memory B cells to go from your blood into your upper airway.Eric Topol (18:06):Oh, right.Shane Crotty (18:08):That's right, you were already quite sick by that point. Instead, if memory B cells are right there, as soon as virus showed up, they got activated. Now maybe after (we're not sure yet), but maybe after 48 hours those cells are now activated and doing something useful. That would be optimal. So then we can pivot to the T cell side. So there's a fantastic recognition that T cells being physically present in tissues, tissue resident memory cells, as they're most often called, can really have fantastic protective capacities. From a lot of mouse model systems where you can see T cells are in the skin or the liver, or whatever [tissue] are already there, they're more protective than if the cells are in the blood. So if you could also have T cells essentially permanently parked in the epithelium of your nasal passages and in the adenoid, hopefully those could essentially be sentinels for protective immunity, and as soon as you get infected, those T cells would reactivate and start killing off infected cells. 'That's the mix that I would want to see. And I think there's at least some reasonable evidence in the context of COVID that people who have T cells in their upper airways maybe manage to control the virus so quickly that it's a subclinical infection; they never notice when they get infected. And so, building on those types of observations, that's what I would want.Eric Topol (19:56):That sounds good. I like that. I'd like to have that in my nasal airway. Now, just to make sure I've got this, what you found, of course, the memory B cells, the T cell memory, CD8+, that is the cell-killing T cells that you mentioned, the resident T cells. One clarification on that, they are not really going to do much until there's been some cells that have been infected with the virus, right? Then they come alive and kill those cells. So they're not immediate, but they can work pretty quickly still though, right? If they're resident T cells?Shane Crotty (20:45):Yeah, in theory it might take as little as 12 hours for a virus to infect a cell, and then you get some antigen presentation on that cell that could activate the T cell.Eric Topol (20:58):And that's all happening perhaps within the incubation phase of the virus, right?Shane Crotty (21:07):Correct. That's a tough thing to study, but conceptually that's the way people tend to sketch it out.Eric Topol (21:13):Right. Now the other part of the story is, and you alluded to it earlier, is the lymphoid tissue up there, higher up where there are these germinal centers; is there anything different you want in these germinal centers? Do they contribute to mucosal immunity that you haven't already mentioned?Shane Crotty (21:36):So they really contribute in this forward looking sense or really in the classroom kind of sense. The germinal centers are where you're basically teaching the B cells in advance of seeing the infection either with your vaccine or with your previous infection, evolving better B cells and better antibodies and hopefully instructing them where to go reside to then be ready for the next infection. If you get really great protection that next time, hopefully then you don't need to start.Eric Topol (22:14):Right. So it's like the training grounds for this coordinated response, I guess. Now you also noted this, I mean this is a rich paper, which is we're illuminating something that's never been done before in human beings. I mean it's pretty damn important and impressive. But you also found that you had an age relationship. Can you tell us about that?Shane Crotty (22:39):Sure. This is one of our favorite parts of the study. I'd say in particular for several of the clinicians who were involved, because the general conversations people have about upper airway lymphoid tissue, like your tonsils and including your adenoids, is that adults don't really have functional lymphoid tissue in the upper airway that your tonsils atrophy by the time maybe you're 20 or something. So, immunologically, functionally, what that means is if you have let's say an intranasal vaccine or you get infected with a new [virus] like SARS-CoV-2, if those would normally be the sites that start your immune response, where does it now happen? And instead what we saw was, we had such a diverse group of people in our studies—we realized we had people from age 18 to 68—and so we could directly ask, in normal healthy individuals across a large age span of adulthood is there functional mucosal lymphoid tissue? And the answer was yes, it was there. But it definitely declines over time, and it's declining on a log scale. Our simplest statement was that 75% of everybody we sampled still had functional tissue, but the younger the people were, the more functional it was, and the more germinal centers actually we saw; again these training grounds.Eric Topol (24:35):So this is really important because we know for COVID and obviously for influenza and other respiratory infections that people of advanced age are much more susceptible. And here you are finding something that supports that ,and it's almost like, the thymus, it involutes. After that, what age 20, and our lymphoid tissue [involutes]. We're just set up to fail. Old codgers, like me we're defenseless, I guess, right?Shane Crotty (25:12):So what I've liked about that in a positive sense is that it's not that all of these things go to zero. Like for example, naive T cells are definitely less abundant in people over the age of 60 than under, but they're not zero. And the mucosal lymphoid tissue is definitely less abundant in people over the age of 60, but in most people it still wasn't zero. And I always think about these things from a vaccine immunology perspective, and fundamentally the difference between getting vaccinated and infected frequently is that the whole point of the vaccine is you get to generate the immune response on your own time. And so, even if you're starting with five times fewer T cells or five times fewer germinal centers, if you're getting to do all that training ground in advance, you can end up with just as many bispecific T cells as a 20-year-old or just as many memory B cells as a 20-year-old because these things occur on an exponential scale because of the cell divisions. And so, it might take you three extra days, for example, to get to the same level, which again, if you're racing a virus, can be the difference between life and death. But if it's not a race and if you're doing it in the context of a vaccine, it's a much smaller factor. And that's some of what we've been trying to learn.Eric Topol (26:42):Now we only have started to scratch the surface of your findings. One of the things that drives me nutty in reading papers, especially from great immunologists like you, is that in each figure there's like 20 different panels. We get to one of the figures, figure three is all the way to panel W. I mean that starts with A. That gives you a little impression of the data. It's rich, another one goes to N or R. I mean we're talking about a lot of data. So I've only started to really deconvolute what you've done here, which is just an amazing study. But what are some other things that we should touch on before wrapping up?Shane Crotty (27:35):A lot of the goal in this study was to establish baselines of what is normal in humans in the upper airways. And that's one reason why in this case there actually are a lot of figure panels because we could work out a bunch of individual parts of the immune system that really hadn't been characterized in this way before. And something we really cared about was durability of immune memory. It's often talked about, well, mucosal responses are inherently short-lived. And we're like, well, what does that mean? Does that mean there's just no memory? Is it different kinds of memory? And so, this is the first measurement of memory B cells in this tissue in an antigen specific way. And we were doing it in people who had had recent COVID breakthrough infections. And we saw really the mucosal memory was stable for six months. And so, to me that's quite encouraging that it's not one month and it's gone, at least with an infection, it's at least six months and it looks like it'll project out for substantially longer.Shane Crotty (28:53):Amongst those cells, many of them are IgA. IgA is this antibody isotype that's particularly mucosal associated. And only 5% of the memory B cells circulating in blood were IgA. Whereas many of the memory B cells in the local tissue were IgA, which we think is also telling us that there's a lot of immune memory and the immune system in this tissue that we're probably not sampling in the blood. And so, sampling blood's great, right? It's accessible and we can learn a lot from it, but it does look like there is some tissue compartmentalization.Eric Topol (29:37):Oh, not a question. And the findings you had of the resident T cell is so indicative of that. And what's really striking, of course Shane, is that as we assess the immune system in people at large, we look at a lymphocyte neutrophil ratio [in the blood], we get almost nothing. And then in the course of the pandemic, you and your colleagues there provided such granular data on B and T cells, CD4 and CD8 T cells, and that you illuminated things that are not done ever clinically. These are research, high tier research labs like yours. The only question I have on before I just wrap up with the nasal vaccine story, interferon wasn't really part of this. As we know SARS-CoV-2 can shut down the interferon response, it's considered a frontline part of the defense. Where does that fit into the mucosal immunity of the upper airway?Shane Crotty (30:46):Yeah, it's really important. And that's in this basic divide we do in the immune system, the innate immune system and the adaptive immune system. So everything I was talking about is the B cells, the T cells, and antibodies. That's all the adaptive immune system. That's all virus specific. And then the innate immune system is the generalists, and really sort of the fire alarm, just sensing some danger. And definitely in COVID interferon is very important. I'm quite intrigued to see if using these techniques. I'm curious to see if some of these other aspects of the immune system can compensate somewhat for the fact that this virus. To me, if this virus has one superpower, it's its incredible ability to evade triggering interferon for as long as it does. And that has this massive cascading effect to almost everything about the pandemic essentially. And so, I'm intrigued by whether in people who have immunity are there ways that these other cells of the immune system or even antibodies can do things when a viral infection occurs, that helps trigger the overall immune system to recognize that something's there, even in the absence of type 1 interferons. That's where I think for now it fits in.Eric Topol (32:14):Well. I think you've so aptly described, not surprisingly, the superpower of SARS-CoV-2, which I think a lot of people haven't realized that it's so good at shutting down that defense system. Now on the basis of you having really gotten this understanding of the mucosal immunity in the upper airway, does this make you think that the nasal vaccine that we aspire to have is more of a reality? Do you kind of know what the ideal profile might look like to keep people healthy and resist infections? Do you think this is achievable in any durable sense at high level success with a nasal spray vaccine?Shane Crotty (33:04):I'm optimistic for several reasons. One is we really saw a lot of different immune memory cell types that were present, that was encouraging and seeing the B cell memory durability for at least six months—pretty flat line for that six months—was encouraging. It looks like the immune system knows how to keep these cells around if it wants to for a significant period of time. We'll have to do more in follow up. But again, it was encouraging. Third, we had some people who were vaccinated only and some people who had breakthrough infections. And really in the vaccinated only, we didn't see T cell memory in the upper airways. And I actually consider that encouraging because it suggests local exposure does give you the memory and exposure in your arm really doesn't. So I think there is something to improve upon. It can be improved upon. And lastly, I get asked all the time, I'm sure you get asked all the time: Why aren't there more intranasal vaccines or inhaled vaccines, more mucosal vaccines in some way?Shane Crotty (34:25):And I think there's more than one reason, but I tend to be very practical, and I think one practical reason is there's very little to measure, to guide you in your vaccine development. If you have six ideas or six constructs that you think might work in humans as a nasal vaccine, you basically just have to pick one, try something, and hoping there's not much you can measure it clinical trials for what might be the type of response even. So for example, the FluMist vaccine, it's the only licensed inhaled vaccine, intranasal vaccine. In adults it doesn't have a clear correlate of protection. If you get vaccinated with that, your circulating antibody responses don't increase, but also increases in nasal antibody didn't correlate with protection well. So, what does that mean? That probably means there's other things going on up there that could be indicative of protection but weren't being measured before. So I'm hopeful with these types of approaches. Now, if you're an intranasal vaccine developer, you maybe have 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 ideas or constructs. If you can try those in a few people and make these different measurements and you've got your favorite immune profile that you might, now you have something to, it's more of an engineering problem. It's not a throwing a dart problem. You're like, yeah, this has given me the type of response that I like and I'm going to try and push this into clinical trials. So those are the things that I'm optimistic about moving forward.Eric Topol (36:04):Well, I love it because we really need it. And if anybody's optimistic that means a lot; it's yours. What you've done here has been quite extraordinary because you defined for the first time really the underpinnings of the mucosal immune response, the upper airway, you did it by age, you did it by variant, you did it by vaccine and infection. And most importantly, perhaps for longer term is you established what are the desirable features to have, which didn't exist before. It seemed like whatever I read for nasal vaccines, they were measuring some IgA or IgG, and they didn't get down to the memory B cells and the tissue resident T cells, memory cells, and all these other things that you found. You did all this single cell sequencing and flow cytometry. The work is just really fantastic. So Shane, just in closing, I just want to congratulate you.Eric Topol (37:05):You made seminal findings along the pandemic. You were the one that really illuminated hybrid immunity, the advantage of if you don't want to have an infection of COVID, but if you did have that and a vaccine, you kind of had some extra synergy, if you will. But here you've done something, you and your team. Unique. Congratulations on that. No surprise that it's in Nature this week. I'm sure a lot of people will share your optimism that we will have something beyond just shots in the future because COVID isn't going away. There's other respiratory pathogens. And finally, somebody did the right study, who knows immunology inside and out. So Shane, thanks very much.Shane Crotty (37:52):Thanks Eric. Very much appreciated particularly coming from you.*****************************************Thanks for listening, reading or watching!The Ground Truths newsletters and podcasts are all free, open-access, without ads.Please share this post/podcast with your friends and network if you found it informativeVoluntary paid subscriptions all go to support Scripps Research. Many thanks for that—they greatly helped fund our summer internship programs for 2023 and 2024.Thanks to my producer Jessica Nguyen and Sinjun Balabanoff for audio and video support at Scripps Research.Note: you can select preferences to receive emails about newsletters, podcasts, or all I don't want to bother you with an email for content that you're not interested in. Get full access to Ground Truths at erictopol.substack.com/subscribe
Mucosal melanoma is a rare and aggressive form of melanoma that arises from the mucous membrane. In this podcast, we focus on mucosal melanoma of the head and neck. Led by A/Prof Sydney Ch'ng, our multidisciplinary experts discuss how it differs from cutaneous melanoma, staging of mucosal melanoma, management of the disease and future treatments. The discussion concludes with a case study to summarise key learnings. This podcast is suitable for Plastic Surgeons, Surgical Oncologists, Dermatologists, Medical Oncologists, Pathologists, GPs, Nurses and other healthcare professionals. SPEAKERS A/Prof Sydney Ch'ng - Plastic & Reconstructive Surgeon and Head & Neck Surgeon, Melanoma Institute Australia | Associate Professor of Surgery, The University of Sydney Prof Georgina Long AO - Co-Medical Director, Melanoma Institute Australia | Chair, Melanoma Medical Oncology and Translational Research, Melanoma Institute Australia and Royal North Shore Hospital, The University of Sydney A/Prof Raewyn Campbell - Rhinologist and Anterior Skull Base Surgeon |Associate Professor, Macquarie University Dr Robert Rawson - Pathologist, Melanoma Institute Australia and Royal Prince Alfred Hospital Prof Angela Hong - Radiation Oncologist, Melanoma Institute Australia | Clinical Professor, The University of Sydney Please note that this podcast was accurate at the time of recording (March 2024) but may not reflect the rapidly evolving treatment landscape and approvals in Australia. MIA's Education Program is proudly supported through unrestricted educational grants from MSD, BMS and HEINE.
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Functionally Enlightened - Better ways to heal from chronic pain and illness
On this episode, we take recap on the HIDDEN stressors on the body, the Five Pillars of Health Succes (TM) and we provide a general overview of Leaky Gut and how mucosal barrier testing can help paint the picture of your body's health. Follow us on IG @functionallyenlightened to be notified when new interviews with amazing functional practitioners and chronic illness warriors are published or to hear more prayer points. Visit www.functionallyenlightened.com for information on how we work or to subscribe to our newsletter. --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/functionallyenlightened/message
We often don't get the chance to hear from survivors and patient advocates whose lives have been impacted by advanced medicines; so that makes this podcast episode special as we talk to Chris White, a cancer survivor who faced the unimaginable when diagnosed with Mucosal Melanoma in 2018—a rare and aggressive cancer which makes Chris's journey even more exceptional. Today, Chris is not just a survivor; he's a beacon of inspiration. He has redirected his energy towards advocacy, prevention, and raising awareness of the complexities associated with Mucosal Melanoma. Tune in to listen to Chris's extraordinary odyssey, exploring the challenges he faced throughout his treatment journey and proving that with resilience, determination, and hope, anything is possible.
When Chris White noticed a bump on his rectum, he thought it was nothing more than a pimple. Not only did the bump turn into a diagnosis of a rare type of skin cancer, but the cancer metastasized to his brain. In addition, to get the treatment he needed, Chris faced barriers from his insurance carrier and the windows for the much-need clinical trial, but he overcame everything in his path. He has resumed snowboarding and skateboarding and travels the country as an inspirational speaker.
Today we get an update on where the TB Vaccine pipeline is up to, how TB vaccines work and what exciting candidates might be on the horizon. We speak with Professor Jamie Triccas from the University of Sydney about his work as the principal investigator on the Advancing Vaccine Adjuvant Research for Tuberculosis (AVAR-T) which is an NIH funded project to identify the most promising adjuvant-TB immunogenicity candidates for development.REFERENCESStewart, Erica, James A. Triccas, and Nikolai Petrovsky. "Adjuvant strategies for more effective tuberculosis vaccine immunity." Microorganisms 7.8 (2019): 255.Counoupas, Claudio, James A. Triccas, and Warwick J. Britton. "Deciphering protective immunity against tuberculosis: implications for vaccine development." Expert Review of Vaccines 18.4 (2019): 353-364.Triccas, James A., and Jonathan K. Nambiar. "Challenge of developing new tuberculosis vaccines to generate life-long protective immunity." Expert Review of Vaccines 8.7 (2009): 823-825.Counoupas, Claudio, et al. "Mucosal delivery of a multistage subunit vaccine promotes development of lung-resident memory T cells and affords interleukin-17-dependent protection against pulmonary tuberculosis." npj Vaccines 5.1 (2020): 105.Counoupas, Claudio, and James A. Triccas. "The generation of T‐cell memory to protect against tuberculosis." Immunology and Cell Biology 97.7 (2019): 656-663.Triccas, James A., and Claudio Counoupas. "Novel vaccination approaches to prevent tuberculosis in children." Pneumonia 8 (2016): 1-7.Counoupas, Claudio, et al. "Protective efficacy of recombinant BCG over-expressing protective, stage-specific antigens of Mycobacterium tuberculosis." Vaccine 36.19 (2018): 2619-2629.Counoupas, Claudio, et al. "Mycobacterium tuberculosis components expressed during chronic infection of the lung contribute to long-term control of pulmonary tuberculosis in mice." npj Vaccines 1.1 (2016): 1-11.
Today I'm going to cover the best tests for low stomach acid and what to do for a deficiency in stomach acid. The best tests for a stomach acid deficiency: 1. Riddler's gastric acid reflux point test Press on your rib cage one inch below your breastbone and one inch to the left. If the area is tender, you may lack stomach acid. 2. The baking soda test Dissolve 1/4 tsp. of baking soda in eight ounces of water and drink it in the morning before eating. If you don't have enough acid in your stomach, you may start burping within one to five minutes. 3. The betaine hydrochloride test Take one betaine hydrochloride supplement before eating, and add more with each meal. If you have low stomach acid, your symptoms will be relieved. Symptoms of low stomach acid (low hydrochloric acid): • Indigestion • Gas • Bloating • Acid reflux • GERD Another common problem people experience as they age is called atrophic gastritis. Symptoms of atrophic gastritis: • Mucosal atrophy • Low hydrochloric acid • Low B12 or folate • Low iron • Intolerance of red meat • Indigestion • Gas • Cognitive decline • Brittle nails • Restless legs • Thinning hair • Acid reflux • Muscle cramps or muscle twitches • Rosacea • Bad breath Common causes of atrophic gastritis: 1. H. pylori What to do: • Consume sulforaphane 2. Low hydrochloric acid What to do: • Take betaine hydrochloride • Take methylcobalamin and methylfolate In some cases, you may need to fix the inflammation in your gut before you increase your stomach acid. You can do this by consuming cabbage juice, wheatgrass juice powder with water, zinc, and probiotics. It's also important to get on a Healthy Keto® diet.
This week we will discuss a rare type of cancer. Our guest on today's show is Chris White. Mucosal melanoma is a rare but aggressive disease usually diagnosed in advanced stages. Unlike most melanomas, which start in the skin, mucosal melanoma starts in the moist membranes that line the inside of the body, including the digestive tract. All melanomas start in pigmented cells called melanocytes. Mucosal melanoma accounts for 1.4 percent of all melanomas, according to a 2018 review in Melanoma Management. Most mucosal melanoma cases start in the lining of the head, neck, anus, vagina or vulva. Cases inside the gastrointestinal tract are less prevalent. The disease may be called invasive if it's spread deep into the tissue and metastatic if it's spread to distant parts of the body, such as the liver or lungs. Mucosal melanoma hasn't been linked to any specific causes. Generally, older people are diagnosed, with the median age being 70. While the rate of skin melanoma cases has risen in the past 20 years, the rate of mucosal melanoma has always been fairly similar over time. More About Our Guest Chris's story begins in Colorado Springs where he was born in 1982. His parents and two siblings moved to Irvine California where he grew up before moving to North Texas. He received his Associates of Arts degree at Collin College, followed by his BA at University Texas Dallas in 2005. After college, his career path included time in the in the oil and gas industry, working with independent SAP contract consultants as well as working in the Golf department at Gleneagles Country Club in Plano, Texas. His career path took a turn in 2016 when he worked in the home building industry as a construction manager. An avid snowboarder, he has always been active, enjoying outdoor activities. His cancer journey began in the summer of 2018 when what he had believed was a hemorrhoid actually turned out to be cancer. Not just any cancer, but the diagnosis was Anorectal Mucosal Melanoma which is an extremely aggressive cancer with a low survival rate. The following months included multiple surgeries, immunotherapies, chemotherapy and radiation. Despite the treatments, the cancer had metastasized throughout his body to his lungs, liver, kidneys and brain. His health was declining rapidly, and without any other options, he was fortunate enough to qualify as the last patient admitted to a TILs Therapy Clinical Trial at the University of Colorado Health Cancer Care located at the Philip Anschutz Medical Campus in Aurora Colorado. The TILs therapy was done in January of 2020 and within less than a year the tumors were gone. Not in remission but gone. The TILS therapy is revolutionary in that it eradicates the tumor rather than leaving it dormant. This clinical trial for TILS therapy saved his life. He was able to go back to work in homebuilding but realized his passion is sharing his cancer survival story. Currently he works as a Certified Melanoma Educator through the Melanoma Research Foundation. He is involved with many melanoma patient advocacy groups throughout the world listening to other stories while sharing his own via group chats, industry panels and forums any format that can offer some patient the comfort that there may a cure for their cancer. Any contribution to the MRF aids the fight against Melanoma and Chris thanks you for your support and generosity.
Did you know that immunoglobulin A nephropathy has very recently seen 2 treatments first licensed for its management? Credit available for this activity expires: 6/29/24 Earn Credit / Learning Objectives & Disclosures: https://www.medscape.org/viewarticle/993766?ecd=bdc_podcast_libsyn_mscpedu
CME credits: 0.50 Valid until: 14-06-2024 Claim your CME credit at https://reachmd.com/programs/cme/strategies-for-achieving-mucosal-healing/15524/ This Medical Minute will discuss how to identify and target objective measures of ulcerative colitis disease activity to achieve mucosal healing. =
John MacKenzie chats with Associate Professor Severine Navarro, Team Head of Mucosal Immunology at QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, about groundbreaking trials of a new treatment for asthma sufferers. The QIMR Berghofer Institute is appealing for donations to help fast-track clinical trials for a new anti-inflammatory protein that can now be synthesised. The protein is proving effective to treat asthma and could potentially work to treat a range of other conditions including hay fever, food allergies, and even coeliac.
In this episode we will focus on a particularly common oral mucosal presentation, ulcers. We'll explore common causes of mouth ulcers, how are these diagnosed, how to investigate for underlying conditions, and how to manage them. To guide us through this challenging topic, we are joined by special guest experts, oral medicine specialist Dr Simone Belobrov and dermatologist A/Prof Laura Scardamaglia. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.
In this episode, we will explore a range of oral mucosal presentations including oral lichen planus, Sjogren's syndrome and presentations suggestive of malignancy. To guide us through this challenging topic, we are again joined by special guest experts, oral medicine specialist Dr. Simone Belobrov and dermatologist A/Prof Laura Scardamaglia. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.
Dr. Bana Jabri is the Sarah and Harold Lincoln Thompson Professor in the Department of Medicine and the Research Director of the Celiac Disease Center at the University of Chicago. Her research focuses on innate and mucosal immunity, particularly in celiac disease, autoimmune disorders, and inflammatory bowel disease. She talks about the mechanisms of celiac disease and new treatment options. She also discusses how the microbiome can affect immune responses in cancer.
Join the Dr. Jen the vet, Dr. Jason Chatfield and Dr. Amy Stone on "Chats with the Chatfields" as they explore mucosal vaccines and their impact on both veterinary and human medicine. Gain valuable insights into the science behind these innovative immunization strategies, including their applications in protecting pets and humans alike. Discover the challenges and opportunities that lie ahead in this thought-provoking episode, which promises to inspire and educate listeners about the future of vaccine research and its significant global health implications. Don't miss out on this enlightening conversation and discover why you should be asking your vet about intranasal and oral vaccines for your pet!Dr. Amy StoneDr. Stone is a clinical assistant professor at the University of Florida's College of Veterinary Medicine (UFCVM). Since 2006, she has served as chief of the Primary Care and Dentistry Service at UFCVM's Small Animal Hospital. She serves on the AAHA/AAFP Feline Vaccination Task Force and is a contributing reviewer for the AAHA Canine Vaccination Guidelines. She received her DVM and PhD from the University of Florida. Her PhD focus was in pulmonary immunology, and her postdoctoral research involved work on a human periodontal disease vaccine.This episode is certified to provide 1 hr of PACCC CEU's! The unique code will be delivered during the episode, so listen up! Don't know what PACCC is? And why would they be involved in CEU's? Pet lovers can get more information at www.paccert.orgShow our sponsors some love:FullBucket Veterinary Strength Supplements - the leader in digestive health for horses, dogs, and cats!Merck Animal Health - the science of healthier animalsSUBSCRIBE to our show on Youtube or on our website: https://chatfieldshow.comFollow us on instagram @ChatfieldShowShare this episode with a friend who needs to hear it...or might be interested in the topic...or just to make their day brighter! :)
Dr Philip Smith, Digital and Education Editor of Gut and Honorary Consultant Gastroenterologist at the Royal Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, UK interviews Professor Benoit Chassaing, group leader from the “Mucosal microbiota in chronic inflammatory diseases” Team at INSERM and the Université Paris Cité, Paris, France, on the paper 'Akkermansia muciniphila counteracts the deleterious effects of dietary emulsifiers on microbiota and host metabolism' published in paper copy in Gut in May 2023 and available online: https://gut.bmj.com/content/72/5/906 Please subscribe to the Gut Podcast via all podcast platforms, including Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, Stitcher and Spotify, to get the latest podcast every month. If you enjoy our podcast, please consider leaving us a review or a comment on the Gut Podcast iTunes page (https://podcasts.apple.com/gb/podcast/gut-podcast/id330976727).
Richard D. Carvajal, MD, discusses mucosal melanoma and treatment options for the disease.
Dr. Paul Alexander Liberty Hour – The alarm with findings such as these is when you extrapolate them to millions of Americans who took the COVID gene injection (mRNA) (and especially young persons, note alarming research is showing females are also impacted, e.g., myocardial lesions, with the mRNA shots) and the sequelae are ‘silent' and then as...
In this episode, we break down the initial approach to the evaluation of a patient with a suspected bleeding disorder, particularly in regards to hemophilia, including standardized bleeding assessment tools, the basics of the coagulation cascade, and mixing studies. The first step is taking a thorough bleeding history:The Fellow on Call Bleeding Assessment: 1. Mucosal bleeding working from nose down: epistaxis (did they need cauterization), gum bleeding, bleeding with tooth pulling, hematochezia, hematuria, menorrhagia or excessive post-partum bleeding2. Skin: Bruising, petechiae, telangiectasias 3. “Ortho bleeding”: spontaneous joint or muscle hematoma (raises concern for hemophilia) 4. Prior surgical or family history?5. Medications? Always clarify: are these issues lifelong?The International Society for Thrombosis and Hemostasis scoring tool is useful for standardizing bleeding symptoms, and it can help you determine the likelihood that a patient has an underlying bleeding disorder.Physical exam: Pay particular attention to: * Assess skin for bruising or petechiae* Assess the fingertips* If having epistaxis, may need to have help to assess nostrils for anatomical issues (vessels)* Assess mucosal surfaces for telangiectasias which could point to a diagnosis of Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia, a mimicker of bleeding disorders* Assess thighs and flanks for obvious signs of bruising/bleedingWe sort bleeding disorders into two large buckets:* Platelet dysfunction → minor bleeding (i.e., mucosal bleeding, epistaxis) * Factor deficiency → major bleeding (i.e., joint effusions, spontaneous ICH) The basic workup includes: * CBC - to assess for low platelets * Peripheral smear - rule out schistocytes (DIC)* CMP - to check for liver dysfunction or severe renal dysfunction/uremia which leads to platelet dysfunction * PT/INR, aPTT, fibrinogen* Von Willebrand PanelCoagulation Cascade: * PT → measures the extrinsic pathway → factor 7 (lucky) * PTT → measures the intrinsic pathway → factors 12, 11, 9, 8 (TENET)* Intrinsic and extrinsic pathway feed into the common pathway → factors 10, 5, 2, 1 (All dollar bills less than $20) If a patient has an abnormal PT/PTT, you must ask: is it a lack of a necessary clotting factor or something interfering with the time it takes a clot to form? You assess this with a mixing study.* A mixing study combines equal parts of the patient's plasma with control plasma. * Mixing study corrects → deficiency of a coagulation factor * Mixing study does not correct → antibody interfering with assay or the function of the factors in the coagulation cascade **To correct, the time must be in the normal range for the assay, not just slightly improved!**The mixing study is assessed at time points 0 hr, 1 hr, 2 hr; the presence of an inhibitory may improve the time initially, but can then become longer again at time points 1hr and/or 2hrAfter the mixing study, then you also need to know which of the factors is the issue! How to do this: * Functional assays can be ordered to measure individual coagulation factor function.* Factor 11 – Hemophilia C* Factor 9 – Hemophilia B* Factor 8 – Hemophilia A * Understanding the coagulation cascade allows you know quickly know what to orderReferences:https://bleedingscore.certe.nl: ISTH/SCC Bleeding Assessment Toolhttps://ashpublications.org/ashclinicalnews/news/2436/How-I-Teach-the-Coagulation-Cascade: “How I Teach the Coagulation Cascade” by Dr. Alice Ma at University of North CarolinaLove what you hear? Tell a friend and leave a review on our podcast streaming platforms!Twitter: @TheFellowOnCallInstagram: @TheFellowOnCallListen in on: Apple Podcast, Spotify, and Google Podcast
Eric Rubin is the Editor-in-Chief of the Journal. Lindsey Baden is a Deputy Editor of the Journal. Stephen Morrissey, the interviewer, is the Executive Managing Editor of the Journal. E.J. Rubin, L.R. Baden, and S. Morrissey. Audio Interview: Developing Mucosal Immunity to Covid-19. N Engl J Med 2022;387:e29.
Electric flight, Levitating nanoparticles, Asteroid smashing, Doppelganger genetics, Embryonic formation, Mucosal evolution, Meal worm meals, Burn-based timekeeping. Jennifer, Angie, and Way discuss the curated links for the week of 9/02/2022. Please consider supporting this ad-free content on Patreon.
This podcast highlights original research published in the July official journal of the American Academy of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery (AAO-HNS) Foundation. The objective was to determine the range of incidental mucosal changes in a general sinonasally asymptomatic population on radiology. In conclusion, the prevalence of incidental mucosal changes in a general asymptomatic population on radiology needs to be considered when making a diagnosis of chronic rhinosinusitis. Click here to read the article.
"Learn about the fascinating field of mucosal immunology, vaccine effectiveness, and the role of face-mask protection not from virus particles but “spiticles and snoticles”. Dr Peter Openshaw, ESWI Board Member and Professor of Experimental Medicine, Imperial College London, expertly guides us through what led to the unprecedented speed of COVID-19 vaccine development. From his experience of two pandemics, he offers a vision of future variants and how SARS-COV-2 is continuing to evolve.”This podcast is kindly sponsored by Viatris.
In this week's episode, we'll discuss the efficacy of canakinumab in children and young adults with sickle cell anemia, learn more about the use of donor-derived multiple leukemia antigen specific T-cell therapy to prevent relapse in post-transplant patients with ALL, and discuss the defects in nasopharyngeal mucosal immunity in patients with severe combined immunodeficiency after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
Vitamin D sure gets a lot of airtime, but Vitamin A is equally as important to immune health and beyond. Here's some new details about this important fatty nutrient should know about. Save on essential micronutrients like Vitamins D and A in their most bioavailable forms at MYOXCIENCE: Use code podcast at checkout to save Links to video and images: https://bit.ly/vitamin-a-treg Time Stamps: 00:18 Vitamin is as much or more protective than vitamin D. 01:15 The 3 forms of vitamin A are retinol, retinoic acid and retinal. Retinoic acid is the most bioactive form. Cod liver, liver and carrots are rich in vitamin A. 02:22 Vitamin A helps to induce immune tolerance. Autoimmune diseases are characterized by a loss of tolerance. The immune system overreacts to tissues that it shouldn't. 03:44 You may benefit from increasing intake of vitamin A if you have allergies, skin issues or systemic autoimmune disease. Chronic use of vitamin A, 5,000 to 10,000 IU, may be beneficial. 04:05 If you believe that you have contracted an illness or pathogen, you can do short term supraphysiologic levels of retinoic acid or retinol. For non-pregnant adults, this is between 100,000 and 200,000 IU for several days. 05:20 Retinoic acid increases activity of T regulatory cells. 05:57 T regulatory cells help to pull back unrestrained inflammation and aggression toward cell tissues. Overweight and obese people have lower amounts of T regulatory cells. Leptin, from fat tissue, suppresses functional activity of T regulatory cells. 06:33 If you have a metabolic disorder, like obesity or insulin resistance, you can manifest immunologic disease like allergies, cancer, and susceptibility to severe infection. You can exercise, do some fasting, eat real food and try vitamin D and vitamin A supplementation from diet or supplements. 08:20 Mucosal immunity is immunoglobulin antibodies from T cells in the mucus membranes of your nose, lungs, saliva, and GI tract. Vitamin A helps to prime these immune cells as part of the mucosal memory. Your mucosa is part of your front-line defense, and they are highly influenced by vitamin A and vitamin D. 09:45 The retinoic acid receptor is very close to the vitamin D receptor, and they share signaling pathways.
One of our most common consults in hematology is teams seeking guidance for workup and management of thrombocytopenia. In this episode, we cover our approach to this hematologic conundrum. Major Points Covered:Thrombocytopenia is defined as a platelet count
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3 January 2021 - “Mucosal immunity is likely the best strategy to go forward fighting this pandemic. It's like placing the guard outside the door instead of inside the door,” immunologist Akiko Iwasaki told the EMBO podcast. Iwasaki has been studying how the immune system fights infections at the interfaces between the host and the environment ever since graduate school when she challenged the prevailing dogma about how DNA vaccines work. Her lab has made fundamental contributions to our understanding of the pathophysiology of COVID-19, using patient samples and data, as well as developing new model systems. We discussed her research, some of the challenges of science communication during the pandemic, and her approach to teaching. Akiko Iwasaki was elected an EMBO Associate Member in 2021.
This Week's Topics:Healthy Mucosal Barriers Makes for a Healthier YouNew scientific review: Broccoli compounds act against cancerNO DEATHS FROM VITAMINS Website - http://www.platinumnutritionals.comSupplements - http://www.myvitaminresource.comhttp://rumble.com/c/c-1113731https://bitchute.com/channel/yrUk4dKq...https://mewe.com/i/georgebatista1https://www.brighteon.social/invite/i...https://open.spotify.com/show/5MvjsMT...https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast...Email: support@platinumnutritionals.comWellness ResourcesWellness Resources formulates superior quality supplementsDisclaimer: This post contains affiliate links. If you make a purchase, I may receive a commission at no extra cost to you.Support the show (https://www.patreon.com/wellnesstalk)Support the show (https://www.patreon.com/wellnesstalk?fan_landing=true)Support the showDisclaimer: The Wellness Talk podcast is for general informational purposes only and does not constitute the practice of medicine, nursing or other professional health care services, including the giving of medical advice, and no doctor/patient relationship is formed. The use of information on this podcast or materials linked from this podcast is at the user's own risk. The content of this podcast is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Users should not disregard or delay in obtaining medical advice for any medical condition they may have and should seek the assistance of their health care professionals for any such conditions.
Dr. De'Broski Herbert is an Associate Professor of Immunology at the University of Pennsylvania. The Herbert lab is exploring the immunoregulatory and regenerative mechanisms operating at the mucosal interface. He discusses his recent paper on IL-33 sources and secretion, his postdoctoral fellowship in South Africa, and the M1/M2 macrophage paradigm.
We often think of “leaky gut” when we hear the words “mucosal integrity”, but, as you'll learn in today's episode, the mucosal integrity is much more complex. Join me and Dr. Tom Fabian to discuss the intricacies of the mucosal barrier from a structural and physiological perspective. Think of this as your Leaky Gut 2.0 […] The post #279: Mapping Mucosal integrity with Dr. Tom Fabian appeared first on Functional Nutrition Alliance.
This episode we speak with Dr. Jasmine F. Millman at Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hematology, Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa. She, with co-authors, Shiki Okamoto, Taiki Teruya, Tsugumi Uema, Shinya Ikematsu, Michio Shimabukuro, and Hiroaki Masuzaki published a review examining findings from recent studies regarding the impact of EVOO on gut microbiota and intestinal health and explore how modulations in composition of gut microbiota, production of microbially produced products, and activity and functioning of the mucosal immune system may lead to favorable outcomes in cardiovascular, metabolic, and cognitive health. I look forward to having you listen in to our discussion.
Dr. Sarah Rahal is a double board-certified pediatric neurologist, board certified headache specialist, also trained in functional medicine and environmental health. She trained at Columbia Presbyterian Hospital in New York and previously was Assistant Professor of Neurology and Pediatrics at Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital in NY where she ran the pediatric headache program, and also sat on the board of the National Headache Foundation.Currently, she is the founder and CEO of ARMRA - a consumer health company that harnesses the power of bioactives from the natural superfood colostrum to develop solutions that address the modern root causes that threaten health.Dr. Rahal shares the fascinating link between our mucosal barriers and all modern chronic disease, and why this may be the key to keeping our gut and immune systems healthy. Colostrum, aka "Liquid Gold", has incredible healing properties for not only newborns, but adults as well. She provides recommendations on consuming and supplementing this key nutrient to help us through our current health epidemic.SHOW NOTES::51 Welcome to the show!3:08 The root cause of gut dysfunction3:36 Dr. Sarah Rahal's bio4:28 Welcome her to the show5:01 What is the root of our health epidemic?8:06 Her research on Colostrum11:45 The mucosal barrier explained14:22 Research on links between mucosal barrier and all modern chronic disease16:05 Symptoms related to barrier dysfunction 17:33 Damage to specific parts of the body20:40 Ecosystem of immune cells22:32 Colostrums effect on LPS24:00 Newborns and colostrum in breast milk24:37 Specific benefits of colostrum27:19 *LightPath LED Ad*30:32 Prebiotics & SIBO31:39 The issue with probiotics33:10 Supplementation with high SigA levels36:08 Is dairy really bad for us?40:44 Lauren's raw milk experience42:39 How long does it take to see changes?45:10 Colostrum for muscle building & fat burning46:20 Did our ancestors consume it?47:01 All about ARMRA49:50 When to take colostrum51:52 Her final piece of advice52:35 Thanks for tuning in!RESOURCES:Website - ARMRA - Save 20% with code BIOHACKERBABES20IG - ARMRAIG - Dr RahalLightPath LED - Save 5% with code BIOHACKERBABESSupport this podcast at — https://redcircle.com/biohacker-babes-podcast/donations
What is mucosal immunity? Thanks for asking! It was announced last week that Covid booster vaccines would soon be available to millions of people across the UK, including all over 50s and other people with underlying health conditions. In the meantime, new ways to combat the virus are emerging, specifically that of an nasal spray vaccine designed to boost mucosal immunity. Regular listeners may recall our recent episode on this kind of vaccine. The latest developments this month saw a team of French researchers present promising results from preliminary clinical trials on mice and hamsters.How is mucosal immunity different to what's generated by traditional vaccines then? Are you saying we won't ever reach herd immunity with the existing vaccines? In under 3 minutes, we answer your questions!To listen to the last episodes, you can click here:What are Butler Cafés?What is last chance tourism?What is toxic positivity?A podcast written and realised by Joseph Chance. See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.
Paper discussed in today's episode: E-Cigarette Use Alters Nasal Mucosal Immune Response to Live-attenuated Influenza Virus
Microbiologist Kiran Krishnan "Tending to your mucosa is one of the most important health steps you can take to improve your chance of wellness. And so the Gut 4-tify is designed to be that critical tool to help you tend to your mucosa.”
• Take Dr. Berg's Free Keto Mini-Course! • How to Bulletproof your Immune System Course • Dr. Berg's Beginner Guide to Healthy Keto & Intermittent Fasting Plan • Intermittent Fasting Basics for Beginners • Dr. Berg's Healthy Ketogenic Diet Basics: Step 1: https://youtu.be/vMZfyEy_jpI Step 2: https://youtu.be/mBqpaAKtnXE I explain how important your intestinal mucosal barrier is. Dr. Eric Berg DC Bio: Dr. Berg, 51 years of age is a chiropractor who specializes in weight loss through nutritional & natural methods. His private practice is located in Alexandria, Virginia. His clients include senior officials in the U.S. government & the Justice Department, ambassadors, medical doctors, high-level executives of prominent corporations, scientists, engineers, professors, and other clients from all walks of life. He is the author of The 7 Principles of Fat Burning. Dr. Berg's Website: http://bit.ly/37AV0fk Dr. Berg's Recipe Ideas: http://bit.ly/37FF6QR Dr. Berg's Reviews: http://bit.ly/3hkIvbb Dr. Berg's Shop: http://bit.ly/3mJcLxg Dr. Berg's Bio: http://bit.ly/3as2cfE Dr. Berg's Health Coach Training: http://bit.ly/3as2p2q Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/drericberg Messenger: https://www.messenger.com/t/drericberg Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/drericberg/ YouTube: http://bit.ly/37DXt8C
On this week's episode of Immunology and Beyond Dr. Puja Bagri joins us to discuss her career path from completing her Ph.D. in mucosal immunity to being a Project Analyst at the Institute of Infection and Immunity. Dr. Bagri completed her Ph.D. at McMaster University where she used mouse models to understand the role of estrogen in affecting anti-viral responses within the female reproductive tract. Stay tuned as we also discuss the importance of seizing opportunities and much more!
Wizzwatch Stock Market Podcast Vol. 98Stock 2 Watch 02.10.2021 $PAND$PAND - Pandion Therapeutics, Inc.INFOBlogger - wizzwatch.blogspot.comFacebook - wizzwatch stock trading groupTwitter - wizzwatchPinterest - wizzwatchLinkedin - marlinrolleDiscord - wizzwatchInstagram - wizzwatchABOUT WIZZWATCHWizzWatch is the place for active traders as well as individual investors to find the very best stocks on Wall St. We provide commentary, picks of the week, as well as stocks on the move. "We find the very best stocks to fit your investment objectives". We cover thousands of publicly traded companies that trade on the NASDAQ,OTCBB, Pink Sheets and the NYSE. We have the answers for your stock market day to day questions. If you have a question about a publicly traded company, and would like to find out more, feel free to ask or send an email to wizzwatch@gmail.com.BECOME A STUDENT If you are interested in finding out more information or learning how to trade stocks please feel free to send me a message via email at wizzwatch@gmail.com. DISCLAIMERLegal Disclaimer: This channel is solely for informational purposes. Past performance is no guarantee of future returns. Stock trading involves risk, the stocks listed are not buy recommendations please do your own due diligence or get help from a proffesional before trading.HASHTAGS#pand #pandiontherapeutics #autoimmune #biotechnology, #biotech #medicine #disease #cures #medication #caccines #massachusetts #protien #treatments #mucosal #vascular #bloodcells #tissues #gasdtrointestine #stocks #stockmarket #investing #investors #thefuture #technicalanalysis #wizzwatch #marlinrolle #medicine #hospitalization
Hello everyone, welcome to episode 60!Yes, SIX-ZERO. Can't believe we made it this far. Please continue to support the show and also go subscribe to your favorite podcast streaming app so you can be the first to know when an episode drops. My guest today is Chikondi Peno who is from Malawi now studying in Scotland. In this episode, we learn that her interest in science came in during her secondary school. She excelled in the science subjects and then went on to take do a BSc degree at undergrad level. After finishing her first degree she wanted to explore the world of research and started working at Malawi Liverpool Welcome Trust. She got a scholarship from the trust and went on to pursue a Masters degree in infectious diseases. She's now a PhD student at Edinburgh University supported by the National Institute of Health and Research Unit on Mucosal pathogens (NIHR-MPRU) in the UK. This PhD research is focused on respiratory microbe and respiratory health, specifically in children in The Gambia, Africa. Chikondi tells us about this research and its importance. Further, we discuss how being an international student and being far away from home during the pandemic. The mental challenges and dealing with the anxiety related to worrying about your loved ones. We talk about so many more topics. Do join usTwitter : @Chiko_penoInstagram: Chiko PenoLinkedIn: Chikondi Peno Support the show (https://paypal.me/RootofSciPod?locale.x=en_US)
#178 Debbie is a naturopath, herbalist and integrative psychotherapist, a mother, a lover, a gardener, a forager and general nerd. She is a busy clinician and lecturer in the health sciences for over 15 years both in Australia and the UK. Her work centres on what it is to be human, and how relationships (human, natural and microbial) shape who we are. She currently works for Invivo Healthcare UK as a part of the a part of the Clinical Education team and the Product Development team, where she spends her time helping to educate clinicians in an ecosystem approach to their clients and working in research and development. In this episode we cover The importance of the mucosal barriers throughout the GIT system and their role in immunity The importance of host-microbiome reactions and how host markers such as sIgA and beta defensins help determine our interplay with microbes The bacteria involved in the mucosal balance The importance of syntrophy, and what patterns we commonly see when things start to go in the wrong direction How the thinning of mucosal barriers from the oral cavity to gut play a role in the development of chronic disease The importance of maintaining diversity and syntrophy – both in the human and the wider ecosystem How we can support the mucosal barrier and diversity And so much more
Digestive issues seem to be the norm these days—from food intolerances to gut dysbiosis to SIBO. All we really want to do is eat real food and absorb its nutrients. Enter Dr. Ashley Turner, a Board-Certified Doctor of Holistic Health and traditionally-trained naturopath. Today, Ashley offers some simple suggestions for restoring our gut health and overall wellbeing. She explains the gut/brain connection and how a leaky gut can lead to mood shifts, allergies, anxiety, migraines, and autoimmune conditions. She reviews steps we can take to reset the gut, including a change of diet, following the GAPS diet or AIP (autoimmune protocol). And she suggests a number of ways we can minimize wear and tear on the body that compromises gut health and our mental health, as well. Visit Ashley's website for more info: restorativechiro.com Check out our sponsor: Ancestral Supplements Find more resources on our website: westonaprice.org Register for our conference at wisetraditions.org
Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.09.18.304071v1?rss=1 Authors: Narasimhan, R. L., Throm, A. A., Koshy, J. J., Saldanha, K. M. R., Chandranpillai, H., Lal, R. D., Kumravat, M., Kumar K M, A., Batra, A., Zhong, F., Liu, J. Abstract: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a complex, chronic inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract with subtypes Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). While evidence indicates IBD is characterized by alterations in the composition and abundance of the intestinal microbiome, the challenge remains to specify bacterial species and their metabolites associated with IBD pathogenesis. By the integration of microbiome multi-omics data and computational methods, we provide analyses and methods for the first time to identify microbiome species and their metabolites that are associated with the human intestine mucosal immune response in patients with CD and UC at a systems level. First, we identified seven gut bacterial species and seventeen metabolites that are significantly associated with Th17 cellular differentiation and immunity in patients with active CD by comparing with those obtained in inactive CD and non-IBD controls. The seven species are Ruminococcus gnavus, Escherichia coli, Lachnospiraceae bacterium, Clostridium hathewayi, Bacteroides faecis, Bacteroides vulgatus, and Akkermansia muciniphila, and a few associated metabolites include the secondary bile acid lithocholate and three short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs): propionate, butyrate, and caproate. We next systematically characterized potential mechanistic relationships between the Th17-involved metabolites and bacterial species and further performed differential abundance analysis for both microbiome species and their metabolites in CD and UC relative to non-IBD controls with their metagenomic and metabolomic data. Based on the deconvolution of immune cell compositions from host intestinal bulk RNA-seq, we investigated changes in immune cell composition and abundance in CD and UC in comparison to non-IBD controls. Finally, we further extended our species and metabolite associations with immune cells from Th17 and Th2 cells to B cells, plasma B cells, CD4+ T cells, and CD8+ T cells. While a set of associations of immune cells with bacterial species and metabolites was supported by published evidence, the new findings in this work will help to furthering our understanding of immune responses and pathogenesis in IBD. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info
Talk to a Dr. Berg Keto Consultant today and get the help you need on your journey (free consultation). Call 1-540-299-1557 with your questions about Keto, Intermittent Fasting, or the use of Dr. Berg products. Consultants are available Monday through Friday from 8 AM to 10 PM EST. Saturday & Sunday from 9 AM to 6 PM EST. USA Only. Get Dr. Berg's Veggie Solution today! • Flavored (Sweetened) - https://shop.drberg.com/veggie-solution-flavored-sweetened?utm_source=Podcast&utm_medium=AGM(Anchor) • Plain (Unflavored) - https://shop.drberg.com/veggie-solution-plain?utm_source=Podcast&utm_medium=AGM(Anchor) Take Dr. Berg's Free Keto Mini-Course! In this podcast, I want to cover the importance of the intestinal mucosal barrier. What is the intestinal mucosal barrier? — It's simply a barrier between the inside of your colon (the large bowel) and the colon cells. The large bowel is all about fermenting fiber. Most of your friendly bacteria should exist in the large bowel. Mucosal barrier functions: 1. First line of defense 2. Antibacterial 3. Place to ferment fiber 4. Selective absorption 5. Lubrication Microbes eat fiber and turn into small-chain fatty acids (butyrate). Benefits of butyrate: • Feeds colonocytes • It's an anti-inflammatory • Improves insulin resistance • It's anti-cancer • It has satiety properties • It helps maintain the thickness of the mucosal layer Dr. Eric Berg DC Bio: Dr. Berg, 51 years of age is a chiropractor who specializes in weight loss through nutritional & natural methods. His private practice is located in Alexandria, Virginia. His clients include senior officials in the U.S. government & the Justice Department, ambassadors, medical doctors, high-level executives of prominent corporations, scientists, engineers, professors, and other clients from all walks of life. He is the author of The 7 Principles of Fat Burning. FACEBOOK: fb.me/DrEricBerg?utm_source=Podcast&utm_medium=Anchor TWITTER: http://twitter.com/DrBergDC?utm_source=Podcast&utm_medium=Post&utm_campaign=Daily%20Post YOUTUBE: http://www.youtube.com/user/drericberg123?utm_source=Podcast&utm_medium=Anchor DR. BERG'S SHOP: https://shop.drberg.com/?utm_source=Podcast&utm_medium=Anchor MESSENGER: https://www.messenger.com/t/drericberg?utm_source=Podcast&utm_medium=Anchor DR. BERG'S VIDEO BLOG: https://www.drberg.com/blog?utm_source=Podcast&utm_medium=Anchor
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Dr Philip Smith, Digital and Education Editor of Gut and Consultant Gastroenterologist at the Royal Liverpool Hospital interviews Professor Jacques Bergman who is Professor of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy at the Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam on "Endoscopic duodenal mucosal resurfacing for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus: one year results from the first international, open-label, prospective, multicentre study" published in paper copy in Gut in February 2020. Accessible online here: https://gut.bmj.com/content/69/2/295
Monday, April 06, 2020: Virus peaking worldwide as CDC projections wrong. Dr. Corsi interviews Dr. Ryan Cole and Dr. Karladine Graves as they continue to fight the Virus War. Fauci and the medocracy continue to place roadblocks in the way of dedicated life savers who place the well being of their patients above their own power and profit. Hydroxychloroquine, zinc, and Vitamin D are the answers. Fauci and his band of bureaucrats are the problem. Tuesday, April 07,2020: Dr Ali Fattom, SVP Vaccine R&D, BlueWillow Biologics RE: Breakthrough Vaccines A COVID-19 vaccine is in development: safe, elicits local mucosal immunity while protectingagainst iInfection, colonization, shedding, and transmission. Systemic immunity may not be enough for highly efficacious respiratory infections. Mucosal immunity facilitated by an intranasal potent and safe adjuvant (NanoVax®), may be a key in: Improving the efficacy of existing vaccines, Developing broadly effective respiratory Vaccines, Introduction of success vaccines for other well-needed respiratory infections Lawrence Sellin Ph.D. retired from the Army as a colonel after 29 years of service in the U.S. Army Reserve. Sellin worked previously at the U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases. Colonel Sellin: “Time and additional evidence will show that coronavirus ‘leaked’ from a Chinese laboratory.” Wednesday, April 08, 2020: CDC still wrong on COVID-19; Bernie Sanders Drops Out COVID-19 peaking in the USA, while the CDC and medical establishment continue to block MDs and pharmacists from providing Hydroxychloroquine to patients. Bernie Sanders drops out of Democratic Party race for presidential nomination. Dr. Vladimir Zelenko & Dr Karladine Graves persist in their quest to enable all doctors to immediately treat patients with COVID19 with hydroxychloroquine, zinc sulfate, azithromycin. Thursday, April 09, 2020: Dr Corsi DEEP DIVE Interview 04-09-20 Dr Karladine Graves Dr Ryan Cole Dr Vicki Wooll COVID insanity Dr Corsi Interviews three highly qualified physicians who argue that doctors and communities have the answers, and Washington DC, the FDA, the DCD, and the medocracy are the problem. People die as leftist bureacrats have elbowed their way into control over US. Dr. Karladine Graves, Dr. Ryan Cole, and Dr. Vicki Wooll share their expertice and experience as they find creative and proactive solutions to treat people and prevent the spread of the virus. Meanwhile, Fauci and his minions find new ways to prolong the suffering and ensure the number of bodies will increase. Friday, April 10, 2020: Sith Lord Fauci's Profit Motive To Make The Virus Worse for US I'm SHOCKED! Dr. Fauci has a personal profit motive to explain his unexplainable conduct...fighting so vehemently to block virus cures and prevention while worshipping fake models and future vaccines. It all makes sense when you factor in he is to rake in millions of blood soaked dollars as his patents and other financial insterests come to light. Dr. Ron Paul, former US Representataive from Kentucky, calls on President Trump to fire Dr. Fauci, saying he and other leftists are rising to the level of tyrants ruling over the American people without legal authority. WHO elected Fauci? Nobody...well maybe Hillary Clinton, George Soros, and Bill Gates.Real data, not that used by Fauci and his minions, show that ony 150 Americans have died as a direct result of COVID-19 as all of the others (over 16,000) had pre-existing conditions that may have been the primary causation. A study coming out from Germany shows the mortality rate due to the Plandemic is on 0.37%, five times lower than the numbers being reported. Dr. Ryan Cole emphasized in his interview yesterday with Dr. Corsi that increased testing is key to winning the virus war. Andrew Schlafly discusses the legal issues involving COVID-19
A COVID-19 vaccine is in development: safe, elicits local mucosal immunity while protecting against iInfection, colonization, shedding, and transmission. Systemic immunity may not be enough for highly efficacious respiratory infections . Mucosal immunity facilitated by an intranasal potent and safe adjuvant (NanoVax®), may be a key in: Improving the efficacy of existing vaccines Developing broadly effective respiratory Vaccines Introduction of success vaccines for other well-needed respiratory infections .
Irene Salinas joins Immune to reveal the work of her laboratory on the evolution of mucosal immune responses in teleost fish, the oldest living bony vertebrates. Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Stephanie Langel, and Cynthia Leifer Guest: Irene Salinas Subscribe (free): iTunes, Google Podcasts. RSS, email Become a patron of Immune! Links for this episode Evolution of mucosal Ig in rainbow trout (Sci Immunol) Fish olfactory neurons mediate rapid immune response (PNAS) Image credit Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks! Music by Steve Neal. Immune logo image by Blausen Medical. Send your immunology questions and comments to immune@microbe.tv
The Jing-a-ling, Ting-a-ling, Ring-a-ling lyrics in Christmas songs Yapping about things that don't make a difference in anyone's life When did hands become a symbol of loyalty? Fake loyalty BS Gabrielle Union getting fired for wearing hairstyles that represent her culture M. Night Shymalan's series, Servant, and the series Messiah Some ideas on what you can buy me for Christmas RIP Juice Wrld And everything else And, if you can sing and would like to contribute a one-minute intro song for my podcast: DM me on Twitter or write to me at justanobodypodcast@gmail.com #JustANobodyPodcast
Dr. Elizabeth Nance received her Ph.D. from Johns Hopkins University in Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering and is now an Assistant Professor at the University of Washington. She leads a research team in the study of nanoparticles that are capable of targeting disease in the brain. Elizabeth has received numerous awards for her groundbreaking work, and was named one of Forbes 30 under 30 in Science in 2015, described as one of the “most disruptive, game-changing and innovating young personalities in science.” In this podcast NBT Scientific Director Megan Roberts interviews Elizabeth about her research in nanotechnology and its application in medical development and delivery. They discuss the potential applications of her work for the diagnosis and treatment of debilitating diseases such as cancer, Alzheimer’s, and Parkinson’s. They also talk about the message behind Elizabeth’s 2016 TED talk on the importance of exploring unfamiliar territory as a catalyst for growth and mastery. Here’s the outline of this interview with Elizabeth Nance: [00:00:41] Book: How to Change Your Mind: What the New Science of Psychedelics Teaches Us About Consciousness, Dying, Addiction, Depression, and Transcendence, by Michael Pollan. [00:06:30] Nanotechnology. [00:11:42] Justin Hanes, PhD. [00:11:51] Mucosal barrier. [00:15:36] Increasing distribution of particles within brain. [00:17:28] Polyethylene glycol. [00:20:39] Diffusion and convection. [00:27:25] Nanoparticles. [00:33:28] Increasing diffusive capability for improved drug efficacy. [00:34:05] Curcumin study: Joseph A., Wood T., Chen C-C., Corry K., Juul S., Snyder J., Parikh P., Nance E. Curcumin-loaded brain penetrating nanoparticles for treatment of neonatal hypoxia-ischemia encephalopathy. In press, Nano Research. [00:35:13] Nanotechnology in cancer. [00:39:10] Generalizing from animal models. [00:46:40] Childhood cerebral adrenoleukodystrophy. [00:48:25] Video: Specializing in Not Specializing | Elizabeth Nance | TEDxUofW. [00:48:53] Interdisciplinary collaboration. [00:53:14] Book: Mindset: The New Psychology of Success, by Carol Dweck, Ph.D. [01:00:02] Freedom to fail. [01:01:45] Blood Chemistry Calculator; Tommy Wood, MD, PhD; Dr. Bryan Walsh. [01:02:06] Machine learning. [01:06:12] nancelab.com; blog; Facebook; Instagram.
Clinical Presentation Incidental finding on routing CBC Petechiae/purpura Mucosal bleeding Epistaxis Gingival bleeding Hematuria Vaginal bleeding 5 Major Causes of Thrombocytopenia Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP) Clinical presentation (pentad) Thrombocytopenia Fever Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia “schistocytes” Neurologic abnormalities Renal dysfunction Physiology Low ADAMTS13 results in impaired vWF breakdown Widespread “platelet plugs” Treatment Plasma exchange Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome […]
The ImmuoModulators provide a primer on mucosal defenses, and explain how sensitizing female mice to food allergens prevents allergic reactions in their offspring. Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Stephanie Langel, and Cynthia Leifer Become a patron of Immune! Links for this episode Food Allergy(Nat Rev Dis Prim) Maternal allergen sensitization(J Exp Med) Image credit Letters readon Immune #5 Music by Steve Neal. Immune logo image by Blausen Medical. Send your immunology questions and comments to immune@microbe.tv
These are most important in trauma patients!!! Platelet Disorders Symptoms of SUPERFICIAL bleeding Mucosal bleeding GI bleeding Recurrent epistaxis Thrombocytopenia When the platelets ARE LOW Refer to THIS episode Von-Willebrand disease When the platelets CAN'T BIND Treatment Desmopressin (DDAVP) Causes increase in amount of von-willebrand factor (vWF) available Also causes free water retention Treatment of […]
Sharon and Scott return to TWiV for a Zika virus update, including their work on viral evolution and spread, and whether pre-existing immunity to dengue virus enhances pathogenesis. Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Dickson Despommier, Alan Dove, and Kathy Spindler Guests: Sharon Isern and Scott Michael Become a patron of TWiV! Links for this episode Hurricane Zika (TWiV 410) 454 Corporation (Wikipedia) Regional Zika update, Americas (PAHO, WHO) Zika virus serum bank (pdf) Zika virus evolution and spread in the Americas (Nature) Multiple introductions of Zika virus in US (Nature) Inhibition of Zika Virus Replication by Wolbachia (J Virol) Zika virus pathogenesis in rhesus macaques unaffected by immunity to dengue virus (Nat Commun) Impact of flavivirus immunity on Zika virus infection in rhesus macaques (PLoS Path) Enhancement of Zika virus pathogenesis by antiflavivirus immunity (Science) No ADE by dengue antibodies in Zika virus patients (Clin Inf Dis) Oropharyngeal mucosal transmission of Zika virus in rhesus macaques (Nat Commun) Letters read on TWiV 454 Weekly Science Picks Dickson - Industrial Scars Kathy - Eclipse info by zipcode Sharon - Michaela’s article in The Conversation Scott - Signal P, Pecaan, Phamerator, DNAmasterAlan - The Eagle Whisperer” (and the Great Big Story channel) Vincent - Bottle Listener Pick Kevin - Tenure track scientist bites the dust Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees. Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv
Host: Lea Ann Chen, MD Guest: Hans Herfarth, MD Recorded on location at the Crohn’s & Colitis Foundation’s Annual Meeting in Orlando, host Dr. Lea Ann Chen, Assistant Professor of Medicine at New York University, discusses goals of therapy in IBD with Dr. Hans Herfarth, Professor of Medicine at University of North Carolina School of Medicine.
Host: Lea Ann Chen, MD Guest: Hans Herfarth, MD Recorded on location at the Crohn’s & Colitis Foundation’s Annual Meeting in Orlando, host Dr. Lea Ann Chen, Assistant Professor of Medicine at New York University, discusses goals of therapy in IBD with Dr. Hans Herfarth, Professor of Medicine at University of North Carolina School of Medicine.
A study in the February issue of Gastroenterology looked at mucosal impedance (MI) patterns in patients with GERD and common nonreflux conditions, to assess MI patterns before and after treatment with proton pump inhibitors and to compare performance.
Today I’m tackling your questions! I love hearing from you all, and I’m so excited to jump right in to address your health concerns and give you wellness-minded solutions. Which foods are great for boosting immunity? Are there natural remedies for hot flashes? What are probiotics? You’ll get those answers and more in today’s Q & A session! You can find show notes and more information by clicking here: http://thedigestiondoctor.com/19
AIDS Seminar with Raina Nakova Fichorova, MD, PhD Associate Professor of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Biology Harvard Medical School
Mairi McLean, Gut’s education editor, talks to Xavier Hébuterne, Department of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Archet Hospital, Nice, and Jean-Frédéric Colombel, Universite Lille Nord de France, about their paper: Endoscopic improvement of mucosal lesions in patients with moderate to severe ileocolonic Crohn’s disease following treatment with certolizumab pegol http://bit.ly/10dtab8.
Recent studies have identified mucosal healing as a key prognostic parameter in the management of inflammatory bowel diseases. In this podcast Mairi McLean, education editor for Gut, talks to Marcus Neurath from the University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, and Simon Travis from John Radcliffe Hospital in Oxford, about their systematic review of the clinical studies on mucosal healing. They discuss the effects of anti-inflammatory or immunosuppressive drugs, and the implications of mucosal healing for subsequent clinical management in patients with IBD.See also:Mucosal healing in inflammatory bowel diseases: a systematic review (http://tinyurl.com/bk7tglj)
Dr. James Lee discusses his manuscript A Novel Histologic Scoring System to Evaluate Mucosal Biopsies From Patients With Eosinophilic Esophagitis. To view the print version of this abstract go to http://tinyurl.com/lbnkmd
Past and ongoing therapeutic concepts for ulcerative colitis have only been moderately successful. A significant proportion of patients with ulcerative colitis will still have to undergo colectomy and overall half of the patients do not achieve sustained remission, leading to impairment of physical and mental health, social life, employment issues and sexual activity. Reluctance to treat patients early on with sufficiently potent drug regimens is obvious. Several popular misconceptions might have led to this situation. First, ulcerative colitis is still considered a more 'benign' disease than Crohn's disease. Furthermore, the general assumption is often that colectomy can 'cure' the disease. Mucosal healing as a therapeutic target has not been widely accepted. Finally, the use of antitumour necrosis factor antibodies in ulcerative colitis has been low because this treatment is considered to be less effective than in Crohn's disease. In the current review we try to disprove these misunderstandings by discussing relevant studies showing how harmful this disease can be and explaining why future studies targeting sustained suppression of inflammation could have an enormous impact on the natural course of the disease. Until these studies are available, we encourage physicians to intensify and maintain treatment until sustained remission and mucosal healing has been reached.
Mucosal healing predicts late outcomes after the first course of corticosteroids for newly diagnosed ulcerative colitis, according to a study in the June CGH. Dr. Kuemmerle speaks to the author of an accompanying editorial, Dr. David T. Rubin
Audio podcast from the 8th Annual SDPA Fall Dermatology Conference in Grapevine, TX. This was “Spectrum of Treatment Alternatives for Mucosal Vesiculobullous Diseases” with Kim Yancey, MD. This session is also available as a download on iTunes through the dermcast podcast page*. Click here to visit the page on iTunes. [...]
Background: Our aim was to examine whether measurement of the saliva mast cell tryptase (MCT) concentrations before and after a mucosal challenge test with the offending food would be helpful in diagnosing food allergy. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of 44 food challenge tests performed in 38 patients between 2006 and 2009. Patients with a suspected history of food allergy chewed the food until they developed symptoms or until the amount of time known from the patients' history to usually be required for the provocation of symptoms had passed. In 5 patients, saliva samples for the measurement of MCT were collected at minutes 0, 1, 4, 8, 11, and 16 after the first onset of symptoms. The remainder of the patients only had samples taken before chewing and 4 min after the end of the test period. Results: During repeated measurements, MCT peaked about 4 min after the onset of symptoms (p = 0.028). During 33 of the 44 tests (75.0%), we observed oral symptoms during testing; after 25 of the 33 (75.8%) tests evoking symptoms, the saliva MCT concentration increased. The MCT increase was negative in all other tests where no oral symptoms could be provoked. Conclusions: The measurement of saliva MCT 4 min after the onset of symptoms may be helpful to diagnose food allergy. Because of numerous confounding variables, however, a negative saliva MCT increase does not exclude food allergy. Copyright (C) 2011 S. Karger AG, Basel
The monoclonal epidermal growth factor receptor ( EGFR) antibody cetuximab (Erbitux(TM)) was recently approved by the European Medicines Agency for the treatment of recurrent and/or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) in combination with a platinum-based chemotherapy. Since the antibody has only a limited effect as a monotherapy, possible explanations for the synergistic effect with cisplatin are enhanced antibody-dependent cytoxicity and increased sensitivity to the drug. Most of our knowledge of EGFR biology in HNSCC is based on studies using EGFR inhibitors and/or antibodies. Our study was designed to evaluate the impact of EGFR stimulation on cisplatin-induced DNA damage. Therefore, tissue cultures were produced of tumor-free oropharyngeal mucosa biopsies of HNSCC patients and controls. In a previous study, overexpression of EGFR in tissue cultures from tumor patients compared to controls was confirmed by immunohistochemical staining. Twenty-four-hour stimulation of tissue cultures with transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-alpha), a specific EGFR ligand, resulted in a reduction of cisplatin-induced DNA damage by 35% in cases, whereas in controls TGF-alpha had no effect. This reflects a statistically significant increase in cellular chemoresistance to cisplatin following TGF-alpha stimulation and helps to further understand effects of EGFR antisense therapy in combination with chemotherapy. Copyright (C) 2010 S. Karger AG, Basel
You have no idea what BVD/MD stands for? Then this podcast is made for you. But Professors Joe Brownlie and Dirk Werling will also be able to give those who have heard about Bovine Viral Diarrhoea and Mucosal Disease before an insight into how their work will transform the strategies to fight this major disease in the livestock sector and how it might even have implications for human medicine.
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