Podcasts about Polish Catholic

Maria Faustyna Kowalska of the Blessed Sacrament, OLM (1905 – 1938) was a Polish Catholic religious sister and mystic. Faustyna had apparitions of Jesus Christ, which inspired the Catholic devotion to the Divine Mercy and earned her the title of the "secretary" of Divine Mercy.Throughout her life, Kowalska reported having visions of Jesus and conversations with Him, which she noted in her diary, later published as The Diary of Saint Maria Faustina Kowalska: Divine Mercy in My Soul. Her biography, submitted to the Congregation for the Causes of Saints, quoted some of the conversations with Jesus regarding the Divine Mercy devotion.If you would like to order a copy of Dr. Carlos Eire's new book, "They Flew: A History of the Impossible," you can order a copy HERE (Yale University Press) or HERE (Amazon).If you have any questions, you can email us at christianmysticismpodcast@gmail.com. Your question and the answer may appear in a future episode of the podcast.You can visit our podcast website HERE. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

It's the Friday News Roundup! We're talking about the endorsement Mayor Cherelle Parker gave for the Sixers arena downtown and reactions around the city, both Harris & Trump presidential campaigns are back in the region, and late night food is coming to Fishtown. Host Trenae Nuri is joined by O.J. Spivey, sports correspondent, for The Philadelphia Tribune, and Gene Sonn, director of collaborations at Resolve Philadelphia, a nonprofit journalism advocacy organization, and co-lead at the Philadelphia Journalism Collaborative.  Our Friday news roundups are powered by great local journalism:  Philly Mayor Parker backs Sixers arena in Center City: opponents protest outside City Hall WATCH: WHYY hosts Kamala Harris, NABJ for presidential candidate interview Donald Trump will visit a Polish Catholic shrine in Bucks County, his second trip to the purple Philly collar county Fishtown is Opening a First of Its Kind Overnight Food Truck Marketplace That Will be Open 9m to 4 am Biking and building: How one local bike club is strengthening community bonds PIAA board of directors approves girls' flag football as a state-sanctioned sport Eagles Expand Girls Flag Football Program Check out the Philly Loves Fresh website to find a local produce truck. Learn more about She Is Focused here. Want some more Philly news? Then make sure to sign up for our morning newsletter Hey Philly. We're also on Twitter and Instagram! Follow us @citycastphilly. Have a question or just want to share some thoughts with the team? Leave us a voicemail at 215-259-8170.  Learn more about the sponsors of this episode: Inis Nua Theatre Company Thrive Flower  Interested in advertising with City Cast? Find more info here. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

As we continue to consider the cultural works of the West, this is another of our Director's live conference lectures, given in 2011, just months after the death of the composer Henryk Gorecki, a Polish Catholic, who's Symphony #3 became an international hit on the popular song charts of 1993. In this work, Gorecki departs from his more avant-garde styles, and takes up a kind of minimalism, into which he injects his Faith. The recording excerpted here is with Dawn Upshaw singing.

The Buf welcomes Big Brain Smart Head™ Luke Donahue to discuss the story of St. Fr. Maximillian Kolbe, a Polish Catholic priest who sparked the ire of the Nazis in WWII, got sent to Auschwitz, and then literally gave his life so that another might live.Luke walks us through St. Max's story from his birth in 1894 to his canonization in 1982 and unveils how the Christian life is expresses Joy even in the midst of the most repugnant evil.Along the way we discuss martyrdom and sainthood and miracles and knowledge that Truth will set you free.This episode is kindly sponsored by BlendJet.Use our special link ("bufnagle") to save 12% at blendjet.com. The discount will be applied at checkout! 

Fr Artur Strzepka, Chancellor at the Polish Catholic Mission in England and Wales, speaks about the Polish Mission in Britain and how important the Rosary is for the people of Poland. The Polish Catholic Mission coordinates the pastoral care for Poles living in England and Wales. Today, it covers nearly 70 parishes and over 200 towns where Mass is celebrated in the Polish language on a regular basis.

Fr Artur Strzepka, Chancellor at The Polish Catholic Mission in England and Wales, speaks about the Polish Missions and how important the rosary is not only for the people of Poland but for everyone around the world.

REMEMBER THIs, Jan Karski: “Humans have infinite capacity to ignore things that are not convenient”. We're back for our final week of Women's History Month, with another mixed bag show. We wrap up March with a bit of a look back for co-host Kerry's recent discussion of feeling the stigma of finishing her education late and feeling behind everyone. And reviewing the guests (Rebecca Singh and Daniella Mestyanek Young) who joined us in the first half of the month. But while the quote above was said by a Polish-Catholic man, who found himself in an extreme circumstance and who worked in the underground to warn the world about what the Nazis were doing to the Jews of Europe/specifically in Poland, discrimination anywhere, of any kind can grow if enough people look the other way. the local headline in London, Ontario when advocates and riders are pushing City Counsel to do more to improve paratransit: “Paratransit fails to get some disabled Londoners to meeting about fixing dysfunctional system”, Daryl Newcombe, CTV News, March 6 Isn't that just horribly hysterical? We discuss what paratransit is and a little about our own experiences using it in the past and about some of the resistance the counsel has been showing during the process, but there's got to be a way and we will share more updates on that in the weeks ahead. We also hear from Kerry's new phone. Listen to see if you can catch it, along with some signature sibling bickering thrown in there. Also, talk co-host Brian's early instrument practice on the trumpet comes up plus Kerry's clarinet too. And about Brian's draft night/season of fantasy baseball starting on his birthday here, he shares about the strangeness of being into a hubby others are not; though the earlier quote was from World War II, this draft is about sports, not war. So check out our mixed bag of topical goodies here, last but not least ending the show with a tribute to disability activist Judy Heumann (rest in peace), as we wave goodbye to March. Find the documentary Crip Camp featuring Heumann with audio description here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OFS8SpwioZ4 Listen to our past Outlook episode to hear our thoughts on the doc: https://podcasts.apple.com/ca/podcast/outlook-2020-04-20-crip-camp/id1527876739?i=1000488226660 Our episode reviewing Heumann's book: https://podcasts.apple.com/ca/podcast/outlook-2020-07-13-being-heumann-book-review/id1527876739?i=1000488226662 And the article about paratransit mentioned above can be read in full here: https://london.ctvnews.ca/paratransit-fails-to-get-some-disabled-londoners-to-meeting-about-fixing-dysfunctional-system-1.6301807

Stories on the Lenten vigil opened by Pope Francis, the crisis engulfing Nigeria as Boko Haram terrorizes the population, and a Polish Catholic family who hid Jewish families from the Nazi occupation during World War II.

In part one of this ASCO Education Podcast episode, director of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's Oncology Center of Excellence Dr. Richard Pazdur talks with hosts Dr. David Johnson and Dr. Patrick Loehrer about his upbringing in Indiana, his family, and his circuitous route to oncology. If you liked this episode, please subscribe. Learn more at https://education.asco.org, or email us at education@asco.org.   TRANSCRIPT Dr. Pat Loehrer: Hi, I'm Pat Loehrer. I'm the director of the Center of Global Oncology and Health Equity at Indiana University. Dr. David Johnson: I'm Dave Johnson at UT Southwestern in Dallas, Texas. Pat, great to be back with another episode of Oncology, Etc, an ASCO educational podcast. We have a very special guest today, Dr. Richard Pazdur, from the FDA Oncology Center of Excellence. I'm really looking forward to this conversation. Dr. Pat Loehrer: This will be terrific. Dr. David Johnson: Yeah. You were telling me before we got started about a little event that occurred this week, maybe you want to elaborate on that for us. Dr. Pat Loehrer: Yeah, we always start out this by talking about books, and one of the books I'm drawn to today is a book called, The Emperor of All Maladies, which was written by Dr. Mukherjee several years ago. I want to read a little bit from this because it has pertinence. This is about a guy named John Cleveland. Dr. Mukherjee writes, he goes, ‘In 1973 Cleveland was a 22-year-old veterinary student in Indiana. In August that year, two months after his marriage, he discovered a rapidly enlarging lump in his right testis. He was whisked off to the operating room for surgery and returned with a scar and he was diagnosed with metastatic testis cancer. This was right around the time that Larry Einhorn came to Indiana University where he was treated with a three-drug cocktail of actinomycin-D, bleomycin, and oncovin ABO. And then he had a brief remission progressing and was treated with mithramycin mithrymicin. And then in October of 1974, he once again developed progressive disease, and Larry approached him about a new cocktail with the drug cisplatin, that had never been used before in combination, and Larry's thought was to put it together with another couple of drugs.” So, I'll just finish reading this. “In October 7, 1974, Cleveland took the gamble, he enrolled as patient zero for BVP, an acronym for the new regimen containing Bleomycin, Vinblastine and cisplatin. 10 days later, he returned for routine scans and the tumors in his lungs had vanished. He was ecstatic and mystified. He called his wife from the hospital phone. I can't remember what he said, but I told her the results. So, John was the first one cured of testis cancer. Back then it was a 5% cure rate. Today, it's 95%. He is really the hero of heroes. Last week, at this time, John had asked me to come to his hospital room because he was diagnosed with metastatic cancer of a different type. He knew that this was basically the final hours of it. And so he wanted to say goodbye to me, and it was the most touching reunion I had. Two days ago, John passed away. So, my thoughts are with him, especially his family. But also, when we think about heroes, John was one of them, and if it wasn't for him, and his first treatment, Larry might not have gone on and treated other patients with this regimen. This drug cisplatin was experimental back then it caused a lot of nausea and vomiting and didn't work in many tumors, but this was a drug that was really highlighted and approved for the treatment of bladder cancer so Hubert Humphrey could get treated, and then in testis cancer, and it's really one the really success stories of all success stories in terms of oncology, and it started out with this experimental drug from the NCI that was approved by the FDA.” So, this leads us to our guest today, Rick Pazdur who I've known for many years. He grew up in Calumet City, Illinois, which is famous as the home of the Blues Brothers and Rick Pazdur. He got his bachelor's degree from Northwestern, his medical degree from Loyola Stritch Medicine, and then did his hematology-oncology fellowship, initially his oncology fellowship at Rush Presbyterian St. Luke's, where I first met Rick, and then later finished his Heme-Onc fellowship at the University of Chicago. From there, he went to Wayne State, served on the faculty there for about five or six years, and then joined the faculty at MD Anderson. He was there from 1988 to 1999. Then, we'd like to hear about this, but for some reason, it got in his head that he wanted to go to the FDA and so he moved to the FDA where he was Director of the Division of Oncology Drug Products, from 1999 to 2005, when they created the Office of Hematology Oncology Products, and he became the Director of this. More recently, he's been made the director of the FDA's Oncology Center of Excellence. He still serves as the acting director for this OHOP. Rick is an extraordinary individual. He's been awarded a number of awards. From ASCO, he got the Service Recognition Award and the Public Service Award in 2013. And the AACR also awarded him the Public Service Award in 2015. He's received numerous awards and he is probably one of the most respected oncologists that I know in this society. It's such a great pleasure to have you here today, Rick. Dr. Richard Pazdur: My pleasure, Pat. My pleasure entirely. I look forward to the conversation. Dr. David Johnson: Pat, you left out one award. He got so many awards that you can't list them all, but I was impressed that he got this award for the Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center's – The 100 list. Dr. Pat Loehrer: Yeah, we made the cut-off. Dr. David Johnson: I have no idea what that is. Dr. Pat Loehrer: We were on the 1001 list. We made that one. The only thing I want to throw into is that when I first met Rick, when I was a resident or an intern, I think, he was on the service with Phil Bonomi, who is very important for me for my thymoma research, but there was an oncology nurse on the service, Mary Lind, who was a terrific oncology nurse as they all are. But it turned out there was more chemistry that went on. So, Rick ended up marrying Mary, and I'm sure he'll tell some stories. We'll come back to that in a little bit, too. Dr. David Johnson: Yeah, this is really exciting. So, let's get started. Rick, maybe you could tell us a little bit about your background and what got you into medicine in the early part of your career. Dr. Richard Pazdur: I had an interesting story. Pat had mentioned Calumet City home as a Blues Brothers. That was the orphanage in the movie. It was located in Calumet City. But what you don't know about Calumet City is that the real kind of nickname for Calumet City in the 50s 60s 40s was 'Sin City'. It has the honor of having the greatest number of liquor licenses in the United States. And in Calumet City, which was on the border of Hammond, Indiana, and Calumet City, they're kind of Sister Cities. They're one in Illinois, Calumet City. And Hammond is in Indiana, obviously, there was this strip, and it was called ‘The Strip' and it had all of these bars and floor shows with Sally Rand and gambling. If you walk down there, which I never did as a kid, but drove down there with my father some time just traversing the city, those lights were so bright, it was just like Las Vegas, basically. So, you had that Strip and that went on for maybe three, four, or five blocks. And then you have the rest of the city that I grew up in, which was primarily a Polish Catholic city, which I am kind of a representative of being 100% polish. There were scattered bars throughout the city. In fact, my fondest memory is sleeping in bed at 3 o'clock in the morning or 2 o'clock in the morning, awakening to people running out of a bar, which was 50 feet or 100 feet from my bedroom window. They were screaming and yelling and cursing and everything and throwing beer bottles at each other. And in those days, obviously, as you remember, in the 60s, there was no air conditioning. So, the bar was called The Tropical Inn. Let me tell you this, there was nothing tropical about it and there was nothing 'in' about it. Dr. David Johnson: That background might have driven…. Dr. Richard Pazdur: That was not what I would call a highbrow area, but I enjoyed it. It was a fabulous childhood that I had. Most people don't know this. So, I will share this with you because it really had an indelible mark on my life and something that really transformed my childhood and my high school years and my college years, and my medical school years. When I was about in seventh or eighth grade, my father who was basically a blue-collar factory worker, developed glaucoma, and he went blind at a very early age. And that threw the family into not only emotional turmoil but also economic turmoil. I survived basically by getting Social Security dependent income and had to work at a very early age. I started as a dishwasher. My mother lied about my age so I could start working at a crummy restaurant in Calumet City as a dishwasher and I worked throughout school, but that experience really made me grow up really fast if I could say so. You didn't have a childhood, you had to be responsible because there was really no security blanket to fall back on. Although my parents didn't have a lot of money, they really had very good emotional support for me and both my father and my mother came from very large, Polish families. My mother had nine children in her family. She was right in the middle. And so, I had many cousins and many aunts and uncles and my father had seven children in his family and he was the oldest boy. So, there was a lot of support there, but obviously not a lot of financial support. So, it really made me grow up relatively quickly and really come to some of life's lessons, relatively fast like discrimination against disabled people, which I will always remember. When I was a boy, I remember going with my father walking and obviously he had a white cane, but walking down the street, people would actually cross the street to avoid us. They just didn't want to confront that anxiety. I don't know if it was discrimination or if they just felt uncomfortable dealing with it. When you go to a restaurant, people raise their voices, like the man was mentally impaired and that wasn't the case. Dr. Pat Loehrer: I'm sorry to interrupt you just for a second because I read this somewhere and I think it's important to throw in. So, you graduated from high school in three years? Dr. Richard Pazdur: Yes, that's what I was gonna say. I graduated and I worked during that time also. These jobs were not like jobs that kids have now as consultants or internships, these were like real jobs as a janitor, a gardener, or a packer in a grocery store. You had to do it and you had to compartmentalize your life to get things done, basically. But you were driven to do things and I'm thankful for that experience really. I even use it now when I'm facing turmoil in my life. I look back at that time and say to myself, Rick, if you did it then as a 12-year-old kid, a 14-year-old kid, you could do anything. So, it really fostered a sense of responsibility, self-awareness, and the need to do things for yourself and get going on yourself. because nobody's going to help you in a sense. I'm very grateful for that. Dr. David Johnson: Rick, at what point did you decide to become a physician? How did that experience really drive you into that field? Dr. Richard Pazdur: Well, I spent a great deal of time in the lobby of the University of Chicago hospital with my father. I was the primary caregiver and went with him to his doctor's appointments. I can't tell you the number of hours I spent in the lobby of that hospital. I was very interested in science. I was very interested in really helping people because of that background. I really had a great deal of clarity, though. I remember, when I was maybe a freshman or sophomore in high school, I wrote for the Northwestern Medical School catalog, because I thought I would be going to Northwestern undergraduate, I already decided in my own mind that that's where I wanted to go. I just got their medical school catalog and I was thumbing through it, and I remember this vividly sitting on my bedroom floor next to the window that was 50 feet away from the bar, basically, and was looking through the medical school catalog and seeing all these names of this doctor, head of neurology, assistant professor, associate professor. I said, “Hell, if I'm going to be a doctor, I want to be one of these people. I want to be the best doctor. I want to be teaching the physician here and doing research.” So, unlike most kids today that have to find themselves, like, ‘I'm going to take 8 years to complete college or something like that and take a year off to find myself.' I had to be very, very focused on what I wanted to do. So, I really worked very hard during it through time. I don't regret it, as I say. I went to Northwestern undergraduate and had a fantastic experience there. I graduated in three years as I mentioned. I had a special interest there that most people don't know about. The people at the FDA know about it. I did these pre-med courses but I had a really special interest in the field of sociology, and actually was toying with the idea if I didn't get into medical school to pursue a Ph.D. in Sociology and become an academic sociologist. If you remember and both of you are of this age. Dr. Pat Loehrer: David is, not me. Dr. Richard Pazdur: Okay. David might know of the Vietnam War. This was right around the time of Kent State and closing down the schools, I'm sure you remember that, for the colleges, etc. Nobody went into business or anything like that. It was a sociology, psychology, and anthropology type of things people were interested in. My love was this field, and I did a lot of research on it. I remember one of the professors that probably had the most influence on me, a woman called Zena Smith Blau, who was a sociologist, and I did multiple research projects and independent studies. The first thing when I took her first course, she assigned us a paper and she said, write about yourself, ‘What makes you unique? I went to see her and I said, ‘I really don't know exactly what you mean by this.' She said, ‘Well, how different are you?' And I said, ‘Well, my parents are children of Polish immigrants, and I really know the Polish community in Chicago fairly well.' She said, ‘That's it Rick, that's what your specialty will be.' I did multiple research projects on this area with her. Some of them were like the assimilation of Polish immigrants with regard to urban-rural origin. Another one was working-class youth in Chicago, and mobility based on education and high school part-time employment. So, that was a fantastic experience that is totally outside of what I did in my future. Dr. David Johnson: We asked our listeners to submit questions because we knew you were coming on. We did get a question that perhaps is appropriate to ask at this time. It comes from a younger trainee, who wants to know what advice you would give to a trainee aspiring to have a clinical investigative career in oncology? What sort of preparation should they have? Obviously, you've got to learn all of the techniques of clinical trial designs, statistics, etc. But what other advice would you give a trainee hoping to pursue a career in clinical investigation? Dr. Richard Pazdur: I think one's career always has to go back to the basics and have a patient focus. So, what is your interest in the patient, so to speak? And that is what advice I would give them. Are you interested in a supportive care issue? Are you interested in a specific disease? I think you have to follow a passion and that is what is most important to me. What is your passion in life? Because as physicians, we spend a great deal of time preparing for our careers and then subsequently afterward, in our designated careers, and you really can't approach this as a job. It has to be a passion. So, if you do have this, what are the questions that you really want to answer? What is the field that you want to go into and make an indelible mark in? So, that's what I come from, and that's something that I tell our staff is: what do you really want to do? What makes you happy? What would make you a success in your mind? Not defining yourself by somebody else. Dr. Pat Loehrer: Finish the story a little bit. Was it a patient then that turned you on to oncology? What brought you into oncology? Dr. Richard Pazdur: I had a very circuitous circular route to oncology. Oh my God! I don't know if you have enough time to hear this story, but let me start though. I originally went to medical school because of my background in sociology. I wanted to become a psychiatrist because here again, I thought psychiatry, sociology, and psychology, these are kinds of things I was interested in until I took my first rotation in psychiatry. It was nothing like I thought it was going to be. I saw my first patient that got ECT (Electroconvulsive Therapy) and I said, 'I ain't doing this.' So, I was then interested in cardiology. Loyola at that time where I was going to medical school and where I did my internship and residency, had a huge cardiology program that was like CAST city, USA. Everybody was just coming into the hospital getting CAST and going out of the hospital. Dr. Pat Loehrer: [Unintelligible 18:13] was there, right? Dr. Richard Puzdar: Yes. Mary Kate [Unintelligible 18:18]'s father was the head of medicine there. And it had a huge cardiology program and an excellent cardiology program. I really did like Clinical Oncology, and I was all signed up for a cardiology fellowship, the Ts were crossed, the dots were placed, the contract signed, and everything. And somebody said, ‘Rick, why don't you take a rotation while you're a resident in the cath lab? We have an opening and this would be a great time and opportunity for you to jumpstart your fellowship. So, you can come and work for us in the middle of your third year of residency for about two or three months.' So, I did that and I hated it. I just dreaded it. I couldn't stand it. It was the most boring thing. I would think of every opportunity to escape the Cath lab. It was the same thing over and over and over again, inject the dye, turn on the [Unintelligible19:16] machine, and follow the coronary arteries. So, I happened to go to a community hospital, St. Francis in Evanston, Illinois, and I met an oncologist there that had just finished her fellowship. I really was very impressed by her clinical skills. She had finished her fellowship at the University of Chicago and worked with her there and was just amazed by really the quality of care that the oncologist gave patients with cancer. Previous to that, I had an interest also in oncology. At Loyola at that time, we had an oncologist his name was Ketty Badrinath, and he was an excellent clinical teacher. Now that I decided that I'm not going into cardiology, the first problem I have is to find a job and to find a fellowship in oncology. So, I started investigating oncology programs at St. Francis Hospital there. I went down to the gift shop and I said, I want $10 worth of quarters. I went to a payphone, closed the door of the payphone, dialed information, and got every oncology program that I could think of from Mayo Clinic to all of the programs in Chicago. One of my last phone calls was to Rush Presbyterian. I found that program director, Jules Harris, I don't know if you remember him, and he said, “We have an opening.” So, I accepted the position. At the end of June, whatever it was, June 27, 1979. I started my oncology fellowship program. Now Oncology at that time in Chicago, to give you a picture of it, the largest program in oncology was at Rush. It had a total of 12 people. And the therapy started at Rush around solid tumors really in the endocrine therapies of prostate cancer and breast cancer. So, it was a different program than most programs throughout the United States that were offshoots of Hematology programs and the treatment of acute leukemia and lymphomas. So, it had a really kind of different orientation. So, I started my fellowship. And on the first day, I met Phil Bonomi, who had a tremendous influence and still has an influence over me. I know no doctor that I respect most more than Phil. I think the greatest compliment that one could give a doctor is to refer your own family to him. And I've done it on numerous occasions with various cousins and aunts and uncles, etc. But as you mentioned, Pat, I also had the opportunity to meet my wife. And I met her and at first, we were very good friends and there was no romantic relationship. And then, as time proceeded, we knew that there was something special there. My wife was just a wonderful person. Like myself, my wife was pretty much a self-made person. She was one of eight children, the oldest daughter. As the oldest daughter, she had to assume a lot of childcare responsibilities, cooking, etc, for all of her brothers and sisters and took care of the younger children. But she was an excellent student. She graduated first in her class. She was a national merit finalist. I often asked my wife, ‘Mary, you're a nurse, are you interested in going into medicine? I'll be happy to work with you to get you into medical school.' And she said, ‘No, you want to go into medicine, I want to go into nursing.' That was her orientation toward other people. It wasn't about the buck. It wasn't about the title. It was about the work of helping other people. I really have to honor her mother and father who gave her that orientation. Of interest, all of her sisters are nurses. Her mother was actually a school nurse, and an original graduate of Rush. She went to Rush Nursing School in the 50s but had to leave because at that time in the 1950s, if you got married, you can't be in nursing school, they kicked you out. So, it shows you how times have changed.   Dr. Pat Loehrer: Well, this concludes part one of our interview with Dr. Richard Pazdur who is the director of the US Food and Drug Administration's Oncology Center of Excellence. Stay tuned for part two of this conversation where we'll hear how cancer has touched his life personally and will explore the initiatives and programs, he started to improve patient care globally.   Thank you to all of our listeners for tuning into Oncology, Etc. This is an ASCO education podcast where we'll talk about just about everything and anything. If you have an idea for a topic or guests you'd like to see on the show, please email us at education@asco.org. Have a good week.   Unknown Speaker: Thank you for listening to the ASCO Education podcast. To stay up to date with the latest episodes. Please click subscribe. Let us know what you think by leaving a review. For more information, visit the comprehensive education center at education.asco.org.   The purpose of this podcast is to educate and inform. This is not a substitute for professional medical care and is not intended for use in the diagnosis or treatment of individual conditions. Guests on this podcast express their own opinions, experience, and conclusions. Guest statements on the podcast do not express the opinions of ASCO. The mention of any product, service, organization, activity, or therapy should not be construed as an ASCO endorsement.    

In this fourth episode (actually our first recorded episode), we interview Tessa Bielecki, former Mother Abbess of the Spiritual Life Institute and a Carmelite hermit in Tucson, Arizona. Tessa talks with us about her Polish Catholic background, founding a Carmelite reform movement, and four Carmelite wilderness monasteries. She also discusses her life today as a “urban hermit,” the impact of Fr. William McNamara, the relationship of “Holiness and Vitality,” life-affirming Christianity, the influence of J.R.R. Tolkien and The Lord of the Rings on the Spiritual Life Institute, contemplation as “personal passionate presence,” Teresa of Avila and Carmelite spirituality, interreligious dialogue (particularly related to the historic Buddhist-Christian dialogue at the Naropa Institute in the 1980s), and interspirituality today. Tessa Bielecki is a Carmelite Christian hermit and a pioneer in interreligious dialogue. Co-founder and former Mother Abbess of the Spiritual Life Institute (a Carmelite reform institution), she founded four eremitical monasteries in North America and Ireland. Later, after leaving the Spiritual Life Institute, she founded the Desert Foundation (with Father David Denny), exploring connections between the Abrahamic faiths. Today, Tessa lives in Tucson, Arizona, where she considers herself an “urban hermit.”To learn more about Tessa, or to donate to her 'urban hermitage,' go to: sandandsky.orgLinks: Charis FoundationGolden Turtle SoundSupport the show

The head of the Polish Catholic mission in Australia and New Zealand, Fr. Tadeusz Przybylak sends best wishes and the traditional Easter message. - Szef polskiej misji katolickiej w Australii i Nowej Zelandii Ks. Tadeusz Przybylak przekazuje wielkanocne przesłanie i życzenia z okazji Świąt Wielkiej Nocy.

Thousands of Polish Catholic knelt down in Warsaw and Szczecin to pray the BHoly Rosary war escalates between Russia and Ukraine. Dr. Taylor Marshall encourages men everywhere to do this. Watch this new podcast episode by clicking here: Or listen to the audio mp3 here: If you'd like to order a copy of Taylor's new […] The post 786: Thousands of Polish Men Kneel for Rosary: A Call to Catholic Men [Podcast] appeared first on Taylor Marshall.

Members of the Polish Catholic community in the Diocese of Elphin say they remain hopeful that the Polish priest based in St Anne's Parish in Sligo can be retained, even though it's been indicated by the Bishop that he's due to finish up next year. Gregory Radzik was one of the representatives who recently met with the Bishop on the matter, as a vigil took place outside

Jason is back and this time...he has TWO new co-hosts!! He welcomes Lisa Leaheey and Rob Branch to the Whatever family (which is basically the Rabbit Hole Family but whatever) and a whole bunch of things get discussed, from the new Ghostbusters film, why the 2016 Ghostbusters wasn't that good, Polish Catholic masses, Scholastic Book Fairs, and those inner city movies that were HUGE in the '90s!

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5th Joyful Mystery - The Finding of the Child Jesus in the TempleSCRIPTURE:  Sirach 3: 1- 8Feast of Saint Maximilian Kolbe -  a Polish Catholic priest and Conventual Franciscan Friar who volunteered to die in place of a stranger in the German death camp of Auschwitz, located in German-occupied Poland during World War II.Hail Mary, Full of Grace, The Lord is with thee. Blessed art thou among women, and blessed is the fruitof thy womb, Jesus. Holy Mary, Mother of God, pray for us sinners now, and at the hour of our death.Amen.MUSIC:  "Salve Regina" - instrumental"TO JESUS THROUGH MARY."

Hamtramck, Michigan is a city built by immigrants. The city thrived thanks to Polish Catholic immigrants drawn to the industrial boom of America. In the late 1990's, Bangladeshi and Yemeni Muslim immigrants revitalized this post-industrial city. This multi-ethnic city prides itself on its mantra "The World in 2 Square Miles," boasts about the over 30 languages spoken in the schools and the diversity that comes with it. However, when it comes to the city's politics, the city quickly splits into factions, pitting communities against each other. From these tensions, candidates emerge, hoping to be the voice for their community in City Hall. Karen Majewski, Hamtramck's first female mayor in the city's 100 year lineage of Polish mayors, is seeking her fourth term as mayor. She promises to run until she "sees someone capable" of running the city. Through the election cycle, candidate's face challenges and opportunities within each community, including their own. Through the exploration of the city's rich history and this heated election, Hamtramck, USA wrestles with identity politics, power dynamics, and the immigrant experience in America. Co-directors Justin Feltman and Razi Jafri join us for a conversation on the changing political, racial and cultural landscape of America and why we should not be afraid of America's future, but embrace it. For news and updates go to: hamtramckdocumentary.com

This lecture event is part of the 11th Kościuszko Chair Spring Symposium in honor of Lady Blanka Rosenstiel sponsored by the Kościuszko Chair in Polish Studies and the Center for Intermarium studies. Lady Blanka Rosenstiel and the American Institute of Polish Culture (AIPC) established the Kościuszko Chair of Polish Studies at IWP in 2008. The Kościuszko Chair serves as a center for Polish Studies in the broadest sense, including learning, teaching, researching, and writing about Poland's culture, history, heritage, religion, government, economy, and successes in the arts, sciences, and letters, with special emphasis on the achievements of Polish civilization and its relation to other nations, particularly the United States. We remain grateful for Lady Blanka's leadership in founding this Chair at IWP. About the lecture: Feliks Dzierzynski was a Polish Catholic nobleman, a social democrat, and a monster. He committed national apostasy to advance his international utopian ideas. Having embraced a socialist revolution, he followed the logical path to death and mayhem. His destiny led him to establish and lead Soviet Russia's secret police, the dreaded Cheka and its avatars. However, the roots of his murderous pathologies reach his teen years when he abandoned the Catholic faith and the cause of Poland's independence in favor of extreme leftism. He increasingly alienated himself from his background, rejected his inheritance, and transformed himself, first, into an internationalist and, then, into a Soviet Russian chauvinist. Our story focuses on the first stage of the monster's transformation. Rejecting all that was decent, Dzierzynski embarked on a journey of no return to Communist utopia. About the speaker: Dr. Marek Jan Chodakiewicz holds The Kosciuszko Chair in Polish Studies at The Institute of World Politics and leads IWP's Center for Intermarium Studies. At IWP, he also serves as a Professor of History and teaches courses on Geography and Strategy, Contemporary Politics and Diplomacy, Russian Politics and Foreign Policy, and Mass Murder Prevention in Failed and Failing States. He is the author of Intermarium: The Land Between the Black and Baltic Seas and numerous other books and articles. He holds a Ph.D. from Columbia University and has previously taught at the University of Virginia and Loyola Marymount University.

Yom Hashoah 2021 at Or Chaim . 0:00 Grade 11 students 03:22 Rabbi Horowitz 07:10 Introducing Mrs. Lipszyc 08:00 Mrs. Lipszyc's interview and questions from students 44:00 Kel Maleh 45:20 Additional questions . The program began with opening remarks from several grade 11 students, including some thoughtful quotations from well-known Holocaust survivors. Rabbi Horowitz delivered opening remarks, including a meaningful quotation from Rabbi Sacks. We then heard Mrs. Rose Lipszyc's powerful story. Born in Lublin, following the liquidation of the ghetto and on the way to certain death, her mother had a life-saving premonition and pushed her daughter off the train, confident someone would save her. Mrs. Lipszyc passed as a Polish Catholic with her aunt, working as a slave labourer. Students had a rich discussion with Mrs. Lipszyc following the talk, asking many thoughtful questions. The assembly concluded with a Kel Male, recited by Rabbi Horowitz. Watch the video on YouTube at youtu.be/xF-WXyHO92E

 Premiering at SXSW in 2020 and currently screening virtually across the country, Hamtramck, USA is a documentary film highlighting one city's municipal election and how the various ethnic communities within work together.  The story that the election naturally paints, however, is the deep diversity here, a place where the soccer stadium is rented out for mass prayers, the high school flies dozens of flags representing students' ethnicities, and the call to prayer is amplified by public ordinance. In this episode of American Muslim Project we are joined by Hamtramck, USA's co-director and co-producer, Razi Jafri. Born in northern Indian and emigrating to Detroit as a child, Razi has always been an activist at heart, but acquiesced to “those immigrant expectations and pressures” by becoming an engineer for a decade. In 2015, following a personal struggle, he decided to leave corporate America for a few months in search of more meaningful work. Five years, four fellowships, and manifold projects later (including photographing the janazah/funeral of arguably our country's most prominent Muslim), he tells us how art has satiated that former void in his soul. Now a resident where his premier film was made, Razi explains how the predominantly Polish Catholic working-class town became the first U.S. Muslim-majority city. Like all communities, the prevailing topics of concern revolve around schools, safety, and public health, and a history of racial profiling and voter intimidation in politics exists; however, in Hamtramck specifically, it's essential to engage with multiple communities to win an election. His film shows the savviest of politicians amongst this “world in 2 square miles” breaching cultural mores—an Iraqi millennial stumping in Polish and Bosnian, a 60-something Polish woman greeting constituents with salaams, for instance—to appeal to voters from the 20+ racial groups. The city is unique, but also a microcosm of what is starting to happen across the United States in terms of diversity and multiculturalism. And we hope—through its struggles and failures, its constant exposure and representation to the other—that one small city in one immersive film could teach all Americans that at the end of the day, they have to work together. This interview with Razi Jafri was recorded in November 2020. Find Hamtramck, USA streaming near you, and stay tuned for his two future documentaries: Loyalty, the story of three Muslim chaplains as they navigate religious freedom and Islamophobia in the U.S. military, likely out in early 2022; and an archival examination of the War on Terror and mutual radicalization through the story of Anwar al-Awlaki, the American imam killed in a drone strike in 2011. Also view the exhibit Halal Metropolis, which explores Muslim visibility in southeast Michigan, resuming in May at the University of Michigan (Razi served as project manager and photographer). American Muslim Project is a production of Rifelion, LLC. Writer and Researcher: Lindsy Gamble Show Edited by Mark Annotto and Asad Butt Music by Simon Hutchinson Hosted by Asad Butt Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Stanisława Leszczyńska (May 8, 1896 – March 11, 1974) was a Polish Catholic midwife and member of the Polish Resistance who was incarcerated at the Auschwitz concentration camp during World War II. During her time in the notorious death camp, she provided obstetrical and other medical care to her fellow prisoners and delivered over 3,000 children — most to certain death, a precious few to life. In this heartbreaking-yet-hopeful Story Time with Sarah, the Lutheran ladies both celebrate the sanctity of human life and commemorate the Nazi Holocaust as they honor the remarkable legacy of this valiant, faithful woman. Resources referenced in this episode include: Stanisława Leszczyńska's 1957 “Midwife's Report from Auschwitz” “'Give Me Your Children: Voices from the Lodz Ghetto” (Holocaust Encyclopedia) The United States and St. Louis Holocaust museums “This Midwife at Auschwitz Delivered 3,000 Babies in Unfathomable Conditions” (com) “Stanisława Leszczyńska: Midwife in Auschwitz” (Polish News) Stanisława Leszczyńska: The Miracle of Life in a Death Camp (video lecture) The Midwife of Auschwitz: Extraordinary life of heroine who delivered 3,000 babies in horror death camp to be told in new documentary (The First News) The War within These Walls (illustrated novel on the Warsaw Ghetto and Uprising) Connect with the Lutheran ladies on social media in The Lutheran Ladies' Lounge Facebook discussion group (facebook.com/groups/LutheranLadiesLounge) and follow Sarah (@mrsbaseballpants), Rachel (@rachbomberger), Erin (@erinaltered), and Bri (@grrrzevske) on Instagram.

A pro-life Polish Catholic man is being intentionally starved and dehydrated to death in a hospital in England despite the pleading of his mother and siblings, as well as the intervention of the Polish government and Catholic leaders in the U.K. See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

Season 4 Ep. 14Circus freaks/side shows "When you're born, you get a ticket to the freak show. When you're born in America, you get a front row seat." -- George Carlin    The “freak show,” or “sideshow,” rose to prominence in 16th century England. For centuries, cultures around the world had interpreted severe physical deformities as bad omens or evidence that evil spirits were present; by the late 1500s, these stigmas had translated into public curiosity.                   Businessmen scouted people with abnormalities, swooped them up, and shuttled them throughout Europe, charging small fees for viewings. One of the earliest recorded “freaks” of this era was Lazarus Colloredo, an “otherwise strapping” Italian whose brother, Joannes, protruded, upside down, from his chest. The conjoined twins “both fascinated and horrified the general public,” and the duo even made an appearance before King Charles I in the early 1640s. Castigated from society, people like Lazarus  capitalized on their unique conditions to make a little cash -- even if it meant being made into a public spectacle. Whether it was a person with dwarfism acting as a jester or clown for an individual monarch, or a person with a unique physical impairment displaying her body for the eyes of a curious and gawking public, freaking—exploiting the perceived peculiarities of your own body for an audience—was a means of support for some disabled people who might otherwise have died or struggled to survive. But until the 19th century, freak shows catered to relatively small crowds and didn’t yield particularly healthy profits for showmen or performers. It was in the mid nineteenth and early 20th centuries that freak shows had become a viable commercial enterprise in England and the U.S. alike. America and England both had men who would come into prominence by employing (or exploiting depending on whom you talk too)these types of folks for profit purposes. In England it was a man named Tom Norman. TOM NORMANTom Norman was born on 7 May 1860 in Dallington, Sussex and was the eldest of 17 children. His real name was Noakes and his father Thomas was a butcher who resided at the Manor House in Dallington. According to his autobiography he left home at the age of fourteen to seek fame and fortune on the road and before long he had found employment as a butcher’s assistant in London. Tom first became involved in showbusiness a year later when he went into partnership with a showman who had a penny gaff shop in Islington, exhibiting Mlle Electra(not a typo). However, as is often the case with Tom Norman, the facts are difficult to piece together from the legend and the first record we have for a showman called Norman from this time can be traced to the Agricultural Hall in Islington, the venue for The World’s Fair. Some of the showmen on view that day included the famous Tommy Dodd and his wife, "The smallest people in the world;" and a giant boy aged seventeen. Other showmen presenting attractions were Williams's Ghost Show; Chittock and Testo's dog and monkey circus and Mander’s Huge Collection of Wild Beasts. However, both The Era newspaper report and the handbill for the event note the presence of Norman's performing fishes, which reputedly could not only talk but also play the pianoforte; and Norman’s French Artillery Giant Horse. In his autobiography which was incomplete before his death in 1930, Norman states that he was fifteen when he first appeared at the World’s Fair. Therefore, the Norman mentioned could either have been a showman whose name Tom Noakes went on to use, or he was actually 13 years old when he first left home.By the 1870s the young aspiring showman had been involved in a number of careers including exhibiting Eliza Jenkins, the Skeleton Woman, a popular novelty show at the time, the Balloon Headed Baby and a whole range of freak show attractions as he stated in his autobiography:“But you could indeed exhibit anything in those days. Yes anything from a needle to an anchor, a flea to an elephant, a bloater you could exhibit as a whale. It was not the show, it was the tale that you told.”Perhaps one of the more gruesome shows he was involved with, was 'the woman who bit live rat heads off. 'In his autobiography Tom Norman describes the act a the most gruesome he had ever seen:“Dick Bakers wife, who used to be with me and gave I think now, the most repulsive performance, that I have ever had or seen, during the whole of my long career. it consisted of Mrs Baker, putting her naked hand into a cage, fetch out a live rat and proceed to bite its head off.”The effect on the audience was such wrote Tom that:“More than once, have I seen a member of either sex of the audience, fall forward in a faint during this extraordinary performance.”Tom Norman’s ability to tell the tale was the scene of one of his greatest compliments when in 1882 he was performing at the Royal Agricultural Hall. Unaware that the great showman P. T. Barnum(well get to him don't worry) was in the audience, Tom informed the crowd that none other than the greatest showman on earth had booked the show for its entire run. Upon meeting Tom Norman, Barnum pointed to the large silver Albert chain which he wore and said 'Silver King eh'. Despite being found out, Tom Norman took this as a compliment and from then on he became known as The Silver King.Throughout the 1880s his fame as a showman grew and by 1883 he had thirteen penny gaff shops throughout London including locations such as Whitechapel, Hammersmith, Croydon and Edgeware Road. He still continued to travel with his shows and Norman’s Grand Panorama was a highlight of the Christmas Fair for the 1883/84 season in Islington. It was at this time that Norman came into contact with Joseph Merrick through a showman called George Hitchcock who proposed that Norman took over the London management of the Elephant Man. This episode in Norman’s life is shrouded in controversy as Sir Frederick Treeves, the surgeon who reputedly rescued Joseph Merrick or John as he calls him, blackened the character of Norman in his autobiography published in 1923. There are differing accounts of the way Merrick was treated by Norman. Treeves maintains that he was treated poorly by Norman and simply exploited. There are others who claim that Norman treated Merrick extremely well and that Merrick was never healthier or happier than with Norman. The Elephant Man was managed by Tom for only a few months and after the London shop was closed by the police, Joseph Merrick was taken back by the consortium of Leicester businessmen and placed in the hands of Sam Roper, a travelling showman.Tom Norman’s career continued after the Elephant Man and over the next ten year he became involved with managing a troupe of midgets, exhibiting the famous Man in a Trance show at Nottingham Goose Fair, Mary Anne Bevan the World’s Ugliest Woman, John Chambers the Armless Carpenter and Leonine the Lion Faced Lady. In January 1893, the following advertisement appeared in The Era newspaper and seems to imply that Tom was thinking of leaving England for the Worlds’ Fair which was being held in Chicago. The advertisement appeared for the following weeks and although no details are available as to their final outcome they do give us a glimpse into the type of shows Tom Norman was exhibiting at the time. “Wanted, to Sell, 10ft Living Carriage, Light, One-horse Load, already Fitted for Road, £25, worth £35; also Novelty Booth, good as new, Size, 9ft by18ft, with Novelty and Four New Brass Lamps, with Filler and Oil Drum, by Mellor and Sons, £4; also Piano Organ, nearly New, scarcely soiled, TenTunes, by Capra, suit Waxworks or any Shop Exhibition, £7, worth £18; also Two Fat Paintings, Best on the Road, by Leach, Size 9ft by 10ft, ditto One, same size of Skeleton Girl, all good as new; also Two others of Fats, size 6ft by Thornhill, with large Case to carry the lot, £5, cost £20; also 9ft Square Booth for Performing Fleas, with Two Grand Oil Paintings for same, price £1; also Aerial Suspension for Child 15s; also the Largest Silver Albert in England, made expressly for me, £3, cost £6. The whole of the above to be sold together or separate. Can be seen any time. Reason, I am leaving for Chicago. Apply any Morning before 12.0 to TOM NORMAN, Silver King, Pearce's Temperance Hotel, Elephant and Castle, SE”.In 1896 Tom met and married Amy Rayner at the Royal Agricultural Hall and their marriage lasted until his death in 1930. At that time Tom was travelling his famous Midget show and the Ghost show he had bought from John Parker. Their first son Tom was born in 1899 and was soon followed by Hilda, Ralph, Jimmy, Nelly, Arthur, Amy, Jack, Daisy and George.Soon after the birth of his first son, Tom became an auctioneer and the first show he sold belonged to Fred and George Ginnett. His career as an auctioneer prospered and some of the most famous shows he sold included Lord George Sanger and Frank Bostock's.He advertised in both The Era and The Showman newspapers as the recognised Showman’s Auctioneer and Valuer throughout 1901 and early clients in 1902 included W. T. Kirkland who had concessions at Southport, Morecambe and New Brighton. He instituted the annual Showman and Travellers’ Auction Sales in London, Manchester and Liverpool from 1903 onwards and negotiated sales for showman such as Walter Payne, Edwin Lawrence and many others. His most famous sale to date place in 1905 when he organised the disposal of Lord George Sanger’s Zoo at Margate. This was followed by what Tom Norman described as the crowning point in my life as regards the auctioneering business, when he was called upon by Sanger to auction the whole of his travelling circus effects. The following tribute published in 1901 demonstrates the esteem in which he was held by the fairground fraternity:'Mr Norman believes in catering for modern tastes - brilliancy; brightness, cleanliness and order are Tom’s strong points'Tom Norman continued to travel with his shows and maintained his penny gaff shops in London while basing the auctioneering side of the business at his family home the Manor House Dallington. Although Tom did not reveal in his autobiography the reasons for changing his name, he obviously maintained links with his place of birth in order to base this part of his business activities there.In the period leading up the First World War, Tom was now the father of ten children, nine surviving and his sons Tom, Ralph, Jimmy, Arthur and George had inherited their father’s showmanship. Ralph Van became known as Hal Denver and travelled throughout Europe and America as a wild west performer, George and Arthur found fame as clowns in many of the world’s greatest circuses and Tom and Jim Norman remained on the fairground.By 1915 the family were firmly based in Croydon and Tom was starting to dispose of some of his business concerns when his eldest son Tom Jnr enlisted. The shops for sale included Tom Norman's New Exhibition with waxworks and novelty museum and the Croydon Central Auction Rooms. Tom slowly retired from the fairground business and although he maintained his auctioneering concerns, he mainly concentrated on buying and selling caravans and dealing in horses for circuses and pantomimes. After the end of the first World War, Tom became restless again and appeared at the Olympia Circus in 1919 with Phoebe the Strange Girl and exhibited at Birmingham and Dreamland, Margate in 1921. Tom also returned to the venue where he had first started, The Royal Agricultural Hall and worked there throughout the 1920s although he was living in semi-retirement at the family base in Beddington Lane, Croydon.Tom Norman left behind a comfortable professional birthright to become one of the leading travelling showmen of his day. The benevolence he showed to his fellow showmen, his association with the newly formed Van Dwelling’s Association and his role in the United Kingdom Temperance Association demonstrate the injustice done to his reputation by inaccurate accounts of The Elephant Man. He died in Croydon on 24 August 1930, while according to his son George Van Norman, making plans to travel to a large auction show around the country.The following tribute was published in the World’s Fair.'There are very few showmen who have not met the famous showman’s auctioneer, “The Silver King”, He has been a conspicuous and charismatic figure in our business for the past half a century and has conducted more showman’ sales than any other auctioneer in the country... During his fifty years with us, he has endeared himself to all section from the humblest to the highest. He was a charming personality with a commanding appearance that left a lifetime impression upon anyone that he met. All his life he has been a showman and as such he died.'So that's England's great showman, the man who really helped bring freak shows to prominence ther. But as i mentioned earlier, the U.S. had one as well. He was brought up earlier and I'm sure you all know who it is.. Good old Phineas Taylor Barnum, better known as P.T. Now, now i'm sure most of you know at least a little about him, or have at some point as a kid been to a circus with his name somewhere in the title. Some of you younger listeners may have missed out on the joys of the circus. Were gonna take a loom at his life and how he rose to prominence.P.T. BARNUMBarnum was born in Bethel, Connecticut, the son of innkeeper, tailor, and store-keeper Philo Barnum (1778–1826) and his second wife Irene Taylor. His maternal grandfather Phineas Taylor was a Whig, legislator, landowner, justice of the peace, and lottery schemer who had a great influence on him.Barnum was 15 years old when his father died, and the support of his mother and his five sisters and brothers fell largely upon his shoulders. After holding a variety of jobs, he became publisher of a Danbury, Connecticut, weekly newspaper, Herald of Freedom. Arrested three times for libel, he enjoyed his first taste of notoriety.In 1829, at age 19, Barnum married a 21-year-old Bethel woman, Charity Hallett, who was to bear him four daughters. In 1834 he moved to New York City, where he found his vocation as a showman. He began his career as a showman in 1835 when he was 25 with the purchase and exhibition of a blind and almost completely paralyzed slave woman named Joice Heth, whom an acquaintance was trumpeting around Philadelphia as George Washington's former nurse and 161 years old. Slavery was already outlawed in New York, but he exploited a loophole which allowed him to lease her for a year for $1,000, borrowing $500 to complete the sale. Heth died in February 1836, at no more than 80 years old. Barnum had worked her for 10 to 12 hours a day, and he hosted a live autopsy of her body in a New York saloon where spectators paid 50 cents to see the dead woman cut up, as he revealed that she was likely half her purported age. It was very common for Barnum's acts to be schemes and not altogether true. Barnum was fully aware of the improper ethics behind his business as he said, "I don't believe in duping the public, but I believe in first attracting and then pleasing them." During the 1840s Barnum began his museum, which had a constantly rotating acts schedule, which included The Fat Lady, midgets, giants, and other people deemed to be freaks. The museum drew in about 400,000 visitors a year.THE AMERICAN MUSEUM During the 1840s Barnum began his museum, which had a constantly rotating acts schedule, which included The Fat Lady, midgets, giants, and other people deemed to be freaks. The museum drew in about 400,000 visitors a year.[14]P.T. Barnum's American Museum was one of the most popular museums in New York City to exhibit freaks. In 1841 Barnum purchased The American Museum, which made freaks the major attraction, following mainstream America in the mid-19th century. Barnum was known to advertise aggressively and make up outlandish stories about his exhibits. The façade of the museum was decorated with bright banners showcasing his attractions and included a band that performed outside. Barnum's American Museum also offered multiple attractions that not only entertained but tried to educate and uplift its working-class visitors. Barnum offered one ticket that guaranteed admission to his lectures, theatrical performances, an animal menagerie, and a glimpse at curiosities both living and dead.One of Barnum's exhibits centered around Charles Sherwood Stratton, the dwarf billed as "General Tom Thumb" who was then 4 years of age but was stated to be 11. Charles had stopped growing after the first 6 months of his life, at which point he was 25 inches (64 cm) tall and weighed 15 pounds (6.8 kg). With heavy coaching and natural talent, the boy was taught to imitate people from Hercules to Napoleon. By 5, he was drinking wine, and by 7 smoking cigars for the public's amusement. During 1844–45, Barnum toured with Tom Thumb in Europe and met Queen Victoria, who was amused and saddened by the little man, and the event was a publicity coup. Barnum paid Stratton handsomely - about $150.00 a week. When Stratton retired, he lived in the most esteemed neighborhood of New York, he owned a yacht, and dressed in the nicest clothing he could buy.In 1860, The American Museum had listed and archived thirteen human curiosities in the museum, including an albino family, The Living Aztecs, three dwarfs, a black mother with two albino children, The Swiss Bearded Lady, The Highland Fat Boys, and What Is It? (Henry Johnson, a mentally disabled black man). Barnum introduced the "man-monkey" William Henry Johnson, a microcephalic black dwarf who spoke a mysterious language created by Barnum and was known as Zip the Pinhead . In 1862, he discovered the giantess Anna Swan and Commodore Nutt, a new Tom Thumb, with whom Barnum visited President Abraham Lincoln at the White House. During the Civil War, Barnum's museum drew large audiences seeking diversion from the conflict.Barnum's most popular and highest grossing act was the Tattooed Man, George Contentenus. He claimed to be a Greek-Albanian prince raised in a Turkish harem. He had 338 tattoos covering his body. Each one was ornate and told a story. His story was that he was on a military expedition but was captured by native people, who gave him the choice of either being chopped up into little pieces or receive full body tattoos. This process supposedly took three months and Contentenus was the only hostage who survived. He produced a 23-page book, which detailed every aspect of his experience and drew a large crowd. When Contentenus partnered with Barnum, he began to earn more than $1,000 a week($31,000 in 2020). His wealth became so staggering that the New York Times wrote, "He wears very handsome diamond rings and other jewelry, valued altogether at about $3,000 [roughly $93,000 in 2020 dollars] and usually goes armed to protect himself from persons who might attempt to rob him." Though Contentenus was very fortunate, other freaks were not. Upon his death in 1891, he donated about half of his life earnings to other freaks who Barnum retired in 1865 when his museum burnt to the ground. Though Barnum was and still is criticized for exploitation, he paid the performers fairly handsome sums of money. Some of the acts made the equivalent of what some sports stars make today. Between 1842, when he took over the American Museum, and 1868, when he gave it up after fires twice had all but destroyed it, Barnum’s gaudy showmanship enticed 82 million visitors—among them Henry and William James, Charles Dickens, and Edward VII, then prince of Wales—into his halls and to his other enterprises.  Barnum did not enter the circus business until he was 60 years old. He established "P. T. Barnum's Grand Traveling Museum, Menagerie, Caravan & Hippodrome" in Delavan, Wisconsin, in 1870 with William Cameron Coup; it was a traveling circus, menagerie, and museum of "freaks". It went through various names: "P. T. Barnum's Travelling World's Fair, Great Roman Hippodrome and Greatest Show on Earth", and "P. T. Barnum's Greatest Show on Earth, And The Great London Circus, Sanger's Royal British Menagerie and The Grand International Allied Shows United" after an 1881 merger with James Bailey and James L. Hutchinson, soon shortened to "Barnum & Bailey's". This entertainment phenomenon was the first circus to display three rings.[25] The show's first primary attraction was Jumbo, an African elephant that Barnum purchased in 1882 from the London Zoo. The Barnum and Bailey Circus still contained acts similar to his Traveling Menagerie, including acrobats, freak shows, and General Tom Thumb. Barnum persisted in growing the circus in spite of more fires, train disasters, and other setbacks, and he was aided by circus professionals who ran the daily operations. He and Bailey split up in 1885, but they came back together in 1888 with the "Barnum & Bailey Greatest Show On Earth", later "Barnum & Bailey Circus" which toured the world.Barnum was one of the first circus owners to move his circus by train, on the suggestion of Bailey and other business partners, and probably the first to own his own train. Given the lack of paved highways in America at that time, this turned out to be a shrewd decision that vastly expanded Barnum's geographical reach. In this new industry, Barnum leaned more on the advice of his partners, most of whom were young enough to be his sons.Barnum became known as the "Shakespeare of Advertising" due to his innovative and impressive ideas.     Barnum went on to write his autobiography and do something interesting, more interested in publicity than profits, he made his biography public domain. This meant that anyone who wanted to publish his biography could do so without having to secure rights for it. In his 81st year, Barnum fell gravely ill. At his request, a New York newspaper published his obituary in advance so that he might enjoy it. Two weeks later, after inquiring about the box office receipts of the circus, Barnum died in his Connecticut mansion. The Times of London echoed the world press in its final tribute: “He created the métier of showman on a grandiose scale.…He early realized that essential feature of a modern democracy, its readiness to be led to what will amuse and instruct it.…His name is a proverb already, and a proverb it will continueThose are the stories, for the most part of two of the major players in the freakshow game. There were more, and maybe we will revisit the rest of the stories and the other folks involved at a later date but for now we are going to move on to what you all want…some of the coolest  freaks there were!!!LAZARUS COLLOREDOWe mentioned this fellow a bit earlier and it was time to bring him back. Born in 1617 in Genoa, Italy, Colloredo would exhibit himself all across Europe during his lifetime. Colloredo is among the earliest—and most extraordinary—recorded cases of parasitic twins. We found this description of Lazarus by Danish anatomist Thomas Bartholinus, as detailed in the 19th-century book, Kirby’s Wonderful and Eccentric Museum: “I saw, saith Bartholinus, Lazarus Colloredo, the Genoese, first at Copenhagen, after at Basil, when he was twenty-eight years of age, but in both places with amazement. This Lazarus had a little brother growing out at his breast, who was in that posture born with him. If I mistake not, the bone, called xyphoideus, in both of them grew together; his left foot along hung downwards; he had two arms but only three fingers upon each hand: some appearance there was of the secret parts: he moved his hands ears and lips, and had a little beating in the breast. This little brother voids no excrements but by the mouth, nose, and ears, and is nourished by that which the greater takes: he has distinct animal and vital parts from the greater, since he sleeps, sweats, and moves when the other wakes, rests and sweats not. Both received their names at the font; the greater that of Lazarus, and the other that of Johannes Baptista. The natural bowels, as the liver, spleen, &c. are the same in both. Johannes Baptista hath his eyes for the most part shut: his breath small, so that holding a feather at his mouth it scarcely moves, but holding the hand there we find a small and warm breath. His mouth is usually open, and wet with spittle; his head is bigger than that of Lazarus, but deformed; his hair hanging down while his face is in an upright posture. Both have beards; that of Baptista is neglected, but that of Lazarus very neat. Lazarus is of a just stature, a decent body, courteous deportment, and gallantly attired: he covers the body of his brother with his cloak, nor would you think a monster lay within at your first discourse with him. He seemed always of a constant mind, unless that now and then he was solicitous as to his end, for he feared the death of his brother, presaging that when it came to pass, he should also expire with the stench and putrefaction of his body; and therefore he took greater care of his brother than himself.”Well then! That sounds like a fucking insane thing to see!!TARRAREThe walking manifestation of one of the seven deadly sins prowled the cobbled streets of 18th-century Paris, seeking only to indulge his endless hunger. Earlier in life, his dietary needs started out robustly, but were otherwise innocuous. However, things would soon take a sinister turn so far as this overzealous diner was concerned. According to contemporary accounts and existent medical records, his quenchless appetite continued growing to the point that his legendarily gluttonous gorging caused this ravenous Frenchman to ingest live animals and maraud morgues for sustenance. He was once even suspected of kidnapping and devouring a toddler.The crack team at Ripleys.com was able to speak with a doctor who specializes in science-based nutrition in search of a possible diagnosis, but first, let’s chew the fat on the life of this legendary cannibal and his strange circumstances of existence. Be warned, this is not for the weak of heart—but if you think you can stomach it, then strap in! PARIS, CIRCA 1788With a large, lip-less mouth stretched wide beyond human regularity and filled with stained teeth, he ate corks, stones, entire baskets of apples—one at a time in quick succession—and live animals (his favorite was snake) for the morbid amusement of repulsed onlookers that were challenged to satiate his seemingly interminable appetite.Like most modern competitive binge-eaters, Tarrare was diminutive in stature, weighing no more than one hundred pounds—prior to eating, at least. Despite all of his daily intake, he never seemed to keep any of the weight on. When empty, his stomach was loosely distended to the point that he could wrap it around his waist as if it were a belt made of his own, still-attached flesh. When full, it was inflated like a balloon—not unlike a pregnant woman in her final trimester. His hair was fair and soft, while his cheeks, when not engaged at capacity—allegedly able to hold so much as a dozen eggs—were wrinkled and hung slack to create premature jowls.Prior to life as a successful street performer, the individual is known only by his stage name, Tarrare, lived in destitution as part of a traveling caravan of criminal misfits. Born in the rural countryside surrounding the epicenter of the booming silk-weaving trade in Lyon, France in approximately 1772, his rapacious appetite was readily apparent from an early age. As the legend goes, a young Tarrare was capable of eating his own bodyweight in cow meat within a 24-hour period. Sadly, this boundless craving forced him out of his family’s home as a teenager, as they could no longer afford to feed him.After several years of touring the country as a vagabond begging for food, for a time Tarrare became the opener for a snake-oil peddling mountebank before taking off to Paris to perform as a solo act. With success came risk. Tarrare once collapsed mid-performance with what was later discovered to be an intestinal obstruction, requiring his audience to carry him to the nearby Hôtel-Dieu hospital. After being treated with laxatives, a grateful Tarrare offered to demonstrate his talents by eating the surgeon’s pocket watch. The surgeon agreed, but only under the condition that he be allowed to cut Tarrare open to retrieve it. Wisely, Tarrare declined.It was during the French War of the First Coalition when respected military surgeon Dr. Pierre-François Percy first made the acquaintance of the inexplicable Tarrare, now a soldier for the French Revolutionary Army. Barely twenty years old, this peculiar patient proved to be quite extraordinary. Unable to subsist off of military rations alone, Tarrare began doing odd jobs around the base for other soldiers in exchange for their rations and, when that proved to be insufficient, foraged for food scraps in dunghills. Despite all of his scrounging, Tarrare succumbed to exhaustion and was admitted to a military hospital under the care of Dr. Percy.There, even being granted quadruple rations failed to satiate his hunger. Tarrare began to eat out of the garbage, steal the food of other patients, and even chow down on the hospital’s bandage supply. Psychological testing found Tarrare to be apathetic, but otherwise sane.Percy’s report described Tarrare as having bloodshot eyes and constantly being overheated and sweating, with a body odor so rancid that he could be smelled from twenty feet away—and that’s by 18th-century French military surgeon standards. Woof. The smell only got worse after eating. Percy described it as being so bad he literally had visible stink lines.After eating, Tarrare would succumb to the itis and pass out. Percy observed this after preparing a meal made for fifteen to test Tarrare’s limits, which he predictably porked down. Percy continued this experiment by feeding Tarrare live animals: a cat—which he drank the blood of and after consuming, like an owl, he only regurgitated its fur—lizards, snakes, puppies, and an entire eel.Months of experimentation passed before the military discovered a way to put Tarrare’s unique ability to use: Tarrare was commissioned as a spy for the French Army of the Rhine. His first mission was to secretly courier a document across enemy lines in a place that it could not easily be detected if caught: his digestive tract. After being paid with a wheelbarrow full of thirty pounds of raw bull viscera—which he ate immediately upon presentation directly in front of what we can only imagine to be the incredibly revolted generals and other commanding officers—Tarrare swallowed a wooden box containing a document that could pass through his system completely in-tact and be delivered to a high-ranking prisoner of war in Prussia. As one might expect, an individual who smells like a foot and compulsively eats from the garbage would likely attract attention—not exactly the ideal, hallmark makings of a spy.Compound this with the fact that Tarrare did not speak any German and he was quickly caught, beaten, imprisoned, and forced to undergo the psychological torment of a mock execution before being returned to France.Again under the care of Dr. Percy, the trauma Tarrare endured left him incapable of continuing his military service and desperate to find a cure for his condition. Laudanum opiates, wine vinegar, tobacco pills, and a diet of soft-boiled eggs were all employed, but Tarrare was still forced to walk the streets fighting stray dogs for discarded slaughterhouse cuisine, drink the blood of patients who were being treated with bloodletting, and was even caught consuming cadavers from the hospital morgue multiple times. Eventually, a toddler went missing from the hospital and Tarrare, the suspected culprit, was chased from the premises before disappearing into the city.Dr. Percy is contacted by a physician of Versailles hospital at the behest of a patient on their deathbed. Sure enough, it was Tarrare, now brought to death’s door by what he professed to be a golden fork he had swallowed two years previously and was now lodged inside of him. It had been four years since Percy had last seen Tarrare, who hoped he could save his life by removing the fork. Unfortunately for Tarrare, it was not a fork that was killing him, but end-stage tuberculosis. Within a month, he passed.A curious colleague intended to inspect Tarrare’s corpse. However, fellow surgeons refused to partake and it quickly became a race against the clock as the body began to rot rapidly. Findings from the autopsy revealed that Tarrare possessed a shockingly-wide esophagus which allowed spectators to look directly from his open mouth into his stomach, which was unfathomably large and lined with ulcers. His body was full of pus, his liver and gallbladder abnormally large, and the fork was never recovered. So, what was the cause of Tarrare’s insatiable hunger? In short, we don’t know for sure. When contemporary medical procedures of the time included drinking raw mercury to clear out head demons (probably), should it come as a surprise that Tarrare received no suitable diagnosis or treatment in his own lifetime?However, some interesting theories have been suggested over the years. Ripleys.com was able to speak to Dr. Don Moore, a chiropractor certified in science-based nutrition and owner and operator of Synergy Pro Wellness, to get his take on things.Now, granted, there is a possibility that Dr. Percy’s personal documentation in the years following Tarrare’s death were exaggerated or falsified, but they were considered credible enough at the time of their publication to be featured in reputable medical texts such as The Study of Medicine, Popular Physiology, and London Medical and Physical Journal. Plus, Dr. Percy is considered the father of military surgeons, was Chief Surgeon to the French Army, a university professor, inventor of important battlefield medical implements, and is considered an all-around highly reputable guy. So, given we accept the above tale as an accurate representation of Tarrare’s symptoms, what does Dr. Moore have to say about it?“It can be broken down by category: He didn’t suffer from psychosis, so he was completely aware and cognitive. But that doesn’t rule out hyperactivity of hormones and dysfunction of components of the brain. His sensor that would let him know he was full was damaged. If he underwent a brain study, he would have probably been identified as having had an enlarged hypothalamus.” The hypothalamus regulates the body’s temperature and is responsible for causing the sensation of hunger. Given Tarrare was constantly overheated and in dire search of food, it’s a perfect fit. Dr. Moore also suspects a possible case of pica, which causes the eating of non-edible objects.As for why Tarrare never weighed more than one hundred pounds, Dr. Moore adroitly theorizes, based on his habitually eating raw meat: “He most likely had a parasite as well. The fact that he was of normal size means something else is being nourished, and the fact that he was constantly hungry leans towards him feeding a secondary organism. A parasite like a hookworm or roundworm, perhaps.”  FANNIE MILLSThis next one...i had to put in for obvious reasons! As far as freak shows go, Fanny Mills was one of the most unusual performers to ever step foot inside the sideshow tent. Known as the “Ohio BigFoot Girl,” Fanny seemed normal in every respect…except for her massive feet. Fanny was born in Sussex, England in 1860, and then immigrated with her family to Sandusky, Ohio. The condition that brought her notoriety was Milroy Disease, a rare disorder that causes lymphedema, in which the lower legs and feet swell with lymph fluid. Neither of Fanny’s sisters were born with the disease.Fanny was a petite woman who only weighed 115 pounds. Her feet, however, were 19 inches long and 7 inches wide. She wore a size 30 shoe made of three goatskins.Fanny started touring the country in 1885 as “that girl from Ohio” with the “biggest feet on Earth.” She traveled with a nurse named Mary Brown, who helped her get around. Her promoters advertised her to unwed men as “a boon for poor bachelors,” offering $5,000 and a well-stocked farm to any respectable man who would marry her.“Don’t permit two big feet to stand between you and wedlock tinged with fortune,” the ad read. Fanny eventually married William Brown, Mary’s brother, in 1886.She retired from show business in 1891 because of an illness, and died later that yearGRADY STILES JR.This guy is another famous guy. But you may not know his whole, incredibly crazy story! He’s the mutha fuckin lobster boy!!! The Stiles family was suffering from a peculiar physical condition known as Ectrodactyly, which is a rare congenital deformity that makes the hand look like lobster claws as the middle fingers are either missing or seemingly fused to the thumb or pinky finger.The family has been afflicted for over a century with ectrodactyly, a condition commonly known as the Lobster claw. It is an uncommon inherent distortion of the hand where the center digit is missing and the hand is parted where the metacarpal of the finger ought to be.This split regularly gives the hands the presence of lobster hooks in spite of the fact that cases run in seriousness. Frequently this condition happens in both the hands and the feet and, while it is an acquired condition, it can skirt an age. While the term ectrodactyly sounds medicinally clean when contrasted with ‘Lobster Claw Syndrome’.While many have viewed Ectrodactyly as a handicap, for the Stiles family it came with an opportunity. The physical condition stayed within the family and any newcomer to the family came out with unusual hands and feet.But one member from the family, Grady stiles Jr., would give the Stiles’ family a different reputation when he became a serial abuser and murderer.The home of Gardy Stiles, or popularly known as the lobster boy was an unpleasant place to be. During the carnival season in Pittsburgh Pennsylvania, Grady was one of the many sideshow performers who people came to gawk at some time in wonder and sometimes out of rudeness.Grady never concerned himself too much with the opinions of onlookers, he was only there to put on a show, his audience was impressed or not. Grady was born with a severe deformity that gave him the name, The Lobster Boy.GRADY STILES JR. A.K.A THE LOBSTER BOY (CREDIT: YOUTUBE)Lobster Boy was born in Pittsburgh in 1937, at that point his father was already part of the “freak show” circuit, adding his kids with the peculiar physical condition to the act.Because of the deformity Grady couldn’t walk and was confined to a wheelchair, his legs were almost flipper-like and unable to bear weight this resulted in him using his upper body to maneuver around usually in a wheelchair.All of the locomotion provided by his arms turned Grady into a rather strong man despite his downfalls but he didn’t only utilize his to make his life easier for himself but also to make other’s life harder.For most of his life, Gary primarily used a wheelchair — but also learned to use his power to use his upper body to pull himself across the floor with impressive strength.As Grady grew up he would become immensely strong, something which will cost his family later in life.At age 19 Mary ran off to join the carnival, escaping her old life, oddly enough she felt she belonged best there. Despite the fact that she was surrounded by people with shocking abilities and deformities but for her this was normal.Mary Theresa wasn’t there for the same reasons the performers were but the carnival always needed staff to keep the shows running. It was here that she met Grady Stiles.Mary Theresa didn’t see the monster in Grady as others had, she quickly fell in love with Grady and the two were married within no time. Together they had two children and, like his father before him, introduced the children with ectrodactyly to the family business.Grady added his children into his sideshow with him traveling as an act known as the Lobster Family, of the many issues that were in the family, money wasn’t one of them. The family would make $50,000-$80,000 per season and Grady was considered the major star of the show.There were no gimmicks with the lobster family no tricks or illusions, What the crowd saw is what the crowd got.Once the winter set in the show’s closed down and many of their performers including the Stiles family resided in Florida until the new season came around.Despite the pleasant weather and more free time, Grady still didn’t hesitate to inflict physical and emotional pain on his family.If Many only would have known when she was younger what she knew after marrying Grady perhaps it would have made a difference.Mary recollected that Grady was the best anybody could be, a genuinely honorable man however as soon he poured the liquor in his body, something in his brain changed and he would abandon a nobleman to a harsh spouse and father. He turned into a much more alarming man, a genuine beast, more noteworthy than the one others considered him to be. He was a real nightmare come to life.Marry was impacted in ways that she would never forget. She remembered that her husband was a great guy when he woke up in the morning by 8:00 am and started drinking by 10 and would be miserable for the rest of the day.In 1973, Grady-Mary’s marriage hit its first end when Mary decided that she couldn’t take the abuse any longer after Grday launched himself at her, took her to the floor, ripped her pantyhose, reached his clawed hand and ripped out the intrauterine device, a device used to prevent pregnancy, and used her hands to choke her – something they were seemingly designed to do well.Mary was so disgusted, horrified, and emotionally wounded that she wisely left him.The worst was yet to come after Mary was gone, Grady started drinking even more and when her teenage daughter, Donna fell in love with a young man that he didn’t approve of, he didn’t take the decision very well.Donna and Jack Lane were in loved and wanted to marry but Grady forbade the marriage threatening to kill Jack numerous times. Donna was unhappy with her drunk and abusive father and wanted an escape.Donna told Grady that if he didn’t approve the underage marriage, she would live with Jack anyway. This further enraged Grady who prided himself in the way he dominated his family and controlled them.Grady was home when Jack came home to see him on the night before Jack and Donna were to be married, thinking that maybe Grady has changed his mind and is now happy with our marriage.Instead of agreeing, Stiles picked up his shotgun and murdered his daughter’s fiance in cold blood. HE sat there while his daughter came and said ‘I told you I would kill him.’Grady went to trial where the defense attempted to get the jury to pity Grady and his condition. The defense played heavily into the fact that Grady had an unfortunate life driven to drinking and violence by the incessant struggles he faced.Grady even managed to shed some tears in the courtroom, his daughter Donna took the stand and told him that “she would see him at his grave.”The jury took three hours in deciding that Grady was guilty of third-degree-murder, Grady received a sentence of 15 years but not in prison but 15 years of probation.The state believed that their prison system even in their handicap accessible facilities weren’t equipped to handle the specific need for Grady Stiles: no prison could deal with his handicap and to restrict him to jail would be merciless and irregular discipline. He additionally, at this point, had procured liver cirrhosis from drinking and had emphysema from long stretches of cigarette smoking.So Grady got to serve his sentence from home where he continued to drink heavily and beat his children.For reasons that no one — either in the Stiles family or outside of it — has been able to understand, his first wife agreed to remarry him in 1989.Mary who left Grady earlier came back in his life again in 1989 and surprisingly enough forgave the monster for all his wrongdoings.As earlier Grady was decent for a while but after some time the monster in him came back to haunt the lives of Mary and her children. The violence surged back to the surface as did copious amounts of sexual assault.A couple of years after she remarried Stiles, she paid her 17-year-old neighbor, Chris Wyant, $1,500 to murder him. Mary Teresa’s child from another marriage, Glenn, helped her imagine the thought and complete the arrangement.One night, Wyant took a .32 Colt Automatic he had a companion buy for him. He went into Stiles’ trailer, Grady was watching television in his underwear, Wyant put 2 round in the back of his head at the point-clear range, killing him instantly.Freedom But with A CostPolice arrested Mary, her son Harry and the killer Wyant. The jury convicted Wyant of second-degree murder and sentenced him to 27 years in prison.Not one of them denied that they had intended to kill Grady Stiles. During the trial, his wife spoke at length of his abusive history. “My husband was going to kill my family,” she told the court, “I believe that from the bottom of my heart.”Unfortunately for Mary’s child Glenn, self-defense isn’t applicable when hiring a hitman and Glenn was convicted of first-degree murder and was given life-sentence without the possibility of parole for 25 years.At least one of their children, Cathy, testified against him as well.Mary was also charged with first-degree murder and her conviction was reduced to manslaughter and she was sentenced to 12 years behind bars.She unsuccessfully appealed her conviction and began to serve her sentence in February of 1997. She had tried to get Glenn to take a plea bargain but he refused. The court sentenced him to life in prison.Just as a significant portion of his living family was being tried for his murder, Grady Stiles’ body was put to rest. Or unrest, as it were: Lobster Boy was so disliked, not just in his family but within the community, that the funeral home could not find anyone willing to be pallbearers.That's a story that most people don't know about the Lobster Boy!!ELLA HARPERMost sources indicate that Ella Harper was born in Hendersonville, Tennessee around 1870 – although there are some conflicting reports. It has also been revealed that Ella had a twin brother, who died quite early. What is not argued, however, is the fact that Ella was born with an unusual orthopedic condition resulting in knees that bent backwards.  The nature of this unusual affliction is exceedingly rare and relatively unknown, however most modern medical types would classify her condition and a very advanced form of congenital genu recurvatum – also known as ‘back knee deformity’. Her unusually bent knees, coupled with her preference of walking on all fours resulted in her moniker of ‘The Camel Girl’.In 1886, Ella was the star of W. H. Harris’s Nickel Plate Circus, often appearing accompanied by a camel when presented to audiences and she was a feature in the newspapers of every town the circus visited. Those newspapers touted Ella as ‘the most wonderful freak of nature since the creation of the world’ and that her ‘counterpart never did exist’.The back of Ella’s 1886 pitch card is far more modest in its information: I am called the camel girl because my knees turn backward. I can walk best on my hands and feet as you see me in the picture. I have traveled considerably in the show business for the past four years and now, this is 1886 and I intend to quit the show business and go to school and fit myself for another occupation. It appears that Ella did indeed move on to other ventures, and her $200 a week salary likely opened many doors for her. For quite some time no further information was available on Ella following 1886, but recently a genealogist managed to not only trace Ella’s family tree, but also provide some information regarding her life after sideshow.On 28 June 1905 Ella Harper married a man named Robert L. Savely. Savely was a school teacher and later a bookkeeper for a photo supplies company.  A 1910 Census shows Ella and her husband living in Nashville, Tennessee with Ella’s mother and it also revealed that Ella and her husband had adopted a 3 month old child, but that the child passed away only 18 days later.We also now know that Ella died of colon cancer on 19 December 1921 in Nashville, Tennessee and that she was buried at Spring Hill Cemetery in Nashville. A simple gravestone marks her plot, but she is surrounded by family.LEONARD TRASK THE WONDERFUL INVALIDSome human marvels are made, not born. Often their manufacture is accidental and painful, such is the case of Leonard Trask. Born on June 30, 1805 in Hartford, Maine Trask suffered a major neck injury in his 20’s when he was thrown from his horse. The story was that a pig ran under the hooves of his horse and, after being thrown from the back of his steed, Trask spent several days crawling back home. Despite the serious injury, Trask continued to work as a farm hand until his spine began to bow.Soon, Trask’s chin was pressed into his chest permanently, and subsequent injuries only exasperated his misery. In 1840 he took a nasty fall and in 1853 he was thrown from his wagon and broke 4 ribs and his collarbone. On May 24, 1858 Trask was involved in a high-speed coach accident, in which he and several passengers where thrown to the ground. In the accident, Trask struck his head and opened ‘a gash in his head five inches long’. The injury was severe, and he was not expected to survive, but he did and was even more disabled and miserable as a result of the injury.Through much of his adult life, his wife took care of him, and despite his physical limitations he fathered seven children with her. Unable to work, Trask was eventually able to spin his status as a medical curiosity into small career as a human oddity attraction to the general public. As “The Wonderful Invalid”, Trask was able to capture a small measure of fame. His 1860 self-published story A Brief Historical Sketch of the Life and Sufferings of Leonard Trask, the Wonderful Invalid, which included accounts of his activities like ‘Mr. Trask at the Circus’ and ‘Mr.Trask Going to Drink’ that were both amusing and sad.At the time of his death on April 13, 1861 Trask’s condition was still not officially diagnosed despite seeing more than 22 doctors during his lifetime. Today Trask would be diagnosed with Ankylosing spondylitis, a condition that affect less than 0.2% of the general populationJOSEPHINE MYRTLE COARBINFor all intents and purposes, Josephine Myrtle Corbin was a normal girl. Her birth was not marked by anything out of the ordinary, and her mother claimed to have had a typical labor and delivery, apart from the baby being momentarily in the breech position.The doctors who examined the baby after birth reported her to be strong and healthy, adding that she was growing at a good rate. A year later she was found to be nursing “healthily” and “thriving well.”Overall, Myrtle Corbin was a perfectly healthy, active, and thriving baby girl. All in spite of having four legs.Perfectly Ordinary (Almost)After being born with four legs, two normal sized ones on either side of a pair of diminutive ones, the doctor who delivered Myrtle Corbin felt it necessary to point out the factors they felt could have resulted in her deformity. First, the baby’s parents, the doctors said, were about 10 years apart in age. William H. Corbin was 25, and his wife Nancy was 34. Second, the doctors noted that the couple bore a striking resemblance to each other. Both of them were redheads, with blue eyes and very fair complexions. They actually looked so similar that the doctors felt it necessary to explicitly point out that the two were not “blood kin” in their medical reports.Despite the two factors the doctors listed, it seemed that the young girl was simply an oddity – her parents had had seven other children, all of whom were perfectly ordinary.Later, it would be determined that she was born with dipygus and her condition was likely the result of her body’s axis splitting as it developed. As a result, she was born with two pelvises side by side.With each pelvis, she had two sets of legs, one normal sized, and one small. The two small legs were side by side, flanked on either side by two normal legs, though one with a clubbed foot.According to medical journals written by the physicians that studied Myrtle Corbin throughout her life, she was able to move her smaller inner legs, though they weren’t strong enough for her to be able to walk on. Which, of course, didn’t really matter, as they were not long enough to touch the ground.In 1881 at age 13, Myrtle Corbin joined the sideshow circuit under the moniker “The Four-Legged Girl From Texas.” After showing her to curious neighbors and charging them a dime each, her father realized her potential for publicity and for cash. He had promotional pamphlets made up and began placing ads in newspapers for people to come see her.The promotional pamphlets described her as a girl with “as gentle of disposition as the summer sunshine and as happy as the day is long.” And, indeed, that appeared to be true.Throughout her time as a sideshow attraction, she became wildly popular. Eventually, rather than bringing the curious onlookers to her she began traveling. By visiting small towns and cities and performing for the public, she ended up earning up to $450 a week.Eventually, famed showman P.T. Barnum heard about her and hired her for his show.For four years, she continued to work for Barnum and even inspired several other showmen to produce fake four-legged humans for their own shows when they couldn’t get her. At 18 years old, Myrtle Corbin retired from the sideshow business. She’d met a doctor named Clinton Bicknell and fallen in love. At 19, the two were married.About a year later in the spring of 1887, Myrtle Corbin discovered she was pregnant. She’d gone to a doctor in Blountsville, Ala., complaining of pain in her left side, fever, headache, and a decreased appetite. Despite her unique anatomy (she had two sets of internal and external reproductive anatomies), doctors did not believe there was a reason she couldn’t carry to term. Though she became gravely ill during the first three months of her pregnancy, resulting in her doctor performing an abortion, she ended up giving birth to four more healthy children in her life.After performing in the sideshow and giving birth to her children, Myrtle Corbin’s life was rather normal. Though her case continued to pop up in medical journals around the country, she maintained a quiet existence in her Texas home with her husband and children.Eventually in 1928, she died as the result of a streptococcal skin infection. Though antibiotics make the condition easily treatable today, in the 1920s there was no such treatment available.SEALOStanislaus Berent  was an American freak who performed at many freak shows, including the World Circus Sideshow in 1941 under the stage name of Sealo the Seal Boy (often stylized to just Sealo). He was known for his seal-like arms, which were caused by a congenital medical condition known as phocomelia. In 2001, Mat Fraser's play inspired by Sealo called Sealboy: Freak debuted. Berent was born November 24, 1901 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.  He was brought up as a Polish Catholic and suffered from an extremely rare congenital disorder known as phocomelia, which caused his "seal arms".  He had no arms; his hands grew from his shoulders. Sealo started off his career as a newspaper seller, then was discovered by freak scouters.He  was a regular feature at Coney Island's freak show from circa 1920 to 1970[4] and was exaggerated as a human with a seal body on some promotional sideshow posters. Despite his genetic disability, Sealo was still able to carry out feats like sawing a crate in half and shaving with a straight razor on his own, as well as moulding animal figurines out of clay. His partner on-stage was Toby, a chimpanzee. Sealo had trouble getting up and down the performance stage due to his weak legs. He would spend the time in which he was not performing on stage selling pitch cards. After performing, he preferred resting at hotels to sleeping at the fairground. He performed at the World Circus Sideshow in 1941. He also toured around the world and performed at many other freak shows.Sealo's freak show career lasted for thirty-five years; he retired in 1976 and moved to Showmen's Retirement Village in Gibsonton, Florida. He returned to his hometown of Pittsburgh afterwards when his health started to decline.  He spent his final days at a Catholic hospital and died in 1980.GEORGE AND WILLIE MUSEThe Muse brothers had an incredible career. The story of the two black albino brothers from Roanoke, Virginia is unique even in the bizarre world of freaks and sideshows. They were initially exploited and then later hailed for their unintentional role in civil rights.Born in the 1890’s the pair were scouted by sideshow agents and kidnapped in 1899 by bounty hunters working in the employ of an unknown sideshow promoter. Black albinos, being extremely rare, would have been an extremely lucrative attraction. They were falsely told that their mother was dead, and that they would never be returning home.The brothers began to tour. To accentuate their already unusual appearance, their handler had the brothers grow out their hair into long white dreadlocks. In 1922 showman Al G. Barnes began showcasing the brothers in his circus as White Ecuadorian cannibals Eko and Iko. When that gimmick failed to attract crowds the brothers were rechristened the ‘Sheep-Headed Men’ and later, in 1923, the ‘Ambassadors from Mars’.As the ‘Men from Mars’ the two traveled extensively with the Barnes circus. Unfortunately, while they were being fed, housed and trained in playing the mandolin, they were not being paid.In the mid 1920’s the Muse brothers toured with Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus. In 1927, while visiting their hometown, their mother finally tracked them down. She fought to free her sons, some 20 years after their disappearance. She threatened to sue and the Muse brothers were freed.The brothers filed a lawsuit for the wages they earned but were never paid. They initially demanded a lump-sum payment of 100,000. However, as time passed the Muse brothers missed the crowds, the attention and the opportunities sideshow provided. Their lawyer got them a smaller lump-sum payment and a substantial contract with a flat monthly wage. The pair returned to show business in 1928.During their first season back they played Madison Square Garden and drew over 10,000 spectators during each of their performances. They made spectacular money as their new contract allowed them to sell their own merchandise and keep all the profits for themselves. In the 1930’s they toured Europe, Asia and Australia. They performed for royals and dignitaries including the Queen of England. In 1937 they returned to Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus for several years and finally ended their career in 1961 with the Clyde Beatty Circus.The brothers returned to their hometown and lived together in a house they originally purchased for their mother. Neither brother married, though they were well known for their many extravagant courtships.George Muse died in 1971 and many expected Willie to quickly follow his brother. Those people were wrong as Willie continued to play his mandolin and enjoy the company friends and family until his death on Good Friday of 2001.He was 108 years old.These are just a few of the many many many circus freaks throughout history. We purposefully did not cover guys like The Elephant Man and other more popular ones as we wanted to bring you some interesting ones you may not know about, except maybe the lobster boy but that shit is crazy! There are some more interesting stories and Coney Island deserves its own discussion...can you say….BONUS episode!!!              

During the summer of 1980, at the request of Cardinal Wyszynski, Fr. Jerzy Popiełuszko celebrated Mass for the striking workers in the Gdansk Shipyard, and his destiny was set in motion. It was that same day that Lech Walesa and other workers founded Solidarity, the first non-Communist controlled trade union in a Warsaw Pact country. For the next four years, Fr. Jerzy would serve as the chaplain of the Solidarity movement, a group of 10 million Polish Catholic workers who resisted the Communists and helped lead to the breakup of the Iron Curtain. As their chaplain, Fr. Jerzy spoke boldly and openly through fiery sermons in which he criticized the Communist government and exhorted the people to follow God and to use non-violent means to resist oppression. On October 19, 1984, after celebrating Mass at the Polish Saints Martyred Brothers Church, Fr. Jerzy’s car was stopped by three members of the Polish secret police. His driver was beaten badly but escaped. Fr. Jerzy was not so lucky. Brutalized until he was unconscious, he was tied up and thrown into the trunk of a car. Taken to the Vistula River, a boulder was tied to his legs and still alive, he was thrown into the river. His body was found eleven days later. Outrage over his death was intense. Estimates say that 400,000 people attended his funeral, and for the first and perhaps only time in a Communist country, a trial was held in which the three secret police officers and their superior were all found guilty and sentenced to prison. “An idea which needs rifles to survive dies of its own accord. An idea capable of life wins without effort and is then followed by millions of people,” he said.  

Host Johnnette Williams tells about the life of Saint Maximilian Kolbe. He was a Polish Catholic priest and Conventual Franciscan friar who volunteered to die in place of a stranger in the German death camp of Auschwitz, located in German-occupied Poland during World War II. Johnnette also talks about to power of the rosary. Caller Hanna shares how the Rosary is a powerful weapon and give example throughout history. Vaccines use is also talked about in this show.

When someone states their skin color or culture--"I'm a Black Catholic." "I'm a Polish Catholic." "I'm a Hispanic Catholic." It can be tempting to want to wave it off. We're all *one family*, right? Why do these differences matter? But today's guest is here to talk to us about how our church is bigger than our culture, and therefore, all of our cultures must be allowed to be present. Shannon Schmidt is a mom, podcaster, and biracial Catholic with a passion for theology and our church. We discuss how her race plays into her faith and why she thinks it's important for her to embrace her Black Catholic label. Shannon and I also chat about how to fight against using orthodoxy as a shield, the importance of de-centering any one particular culture to instead become a beautifully diverse family, and what's been bringing her closer to God lately. Enjoy! Today's episode is brought to you by Select International Tours. Plan a pilgrimage for 2021 and beyond by heading to selectinternationaltours.com/feminist. Today's episode is also brought to you by the CLT exam. Bring classics into your standardized testing by visiting cltexam.com and learning about this SAT/ACT alternative. 

In this episode we radically change our focus, away from the Empire and towards a brand new theatre of Europe – Scandinavia. It was there, in the sphere of the Baltic, Eastern Europe and the wild North, that an incredible drama was playing itself out, as the House of Vasa divided over matters or religion and leadership, with profound results for Poland, Sweden, Russia and pretty much everyone else in the region. The House of Vasa’s predominant King, Sigismund III, rowed away from Sweden in the late 1590s, never to return again. His uncle, Charles IX, had effectively deposed him in the name of Lutheran leadership and more rights for the nobility. It was a watershed moment for both Poland and Sweden, and shaped relations between the two of them for more than a century. Here we examine the shots which were fired before the ascension of a new King, Charles IX’s son, Gustav Adolph, better known to posterity and history nerds the world over as Gustavus Adolphus. But the latter did not rule a majestically powerful kingdom when he assumed the throne in 1611. Sweden was exhausted and divided, surround by enemies in Denmark and Russia as well as Poland, and there was no guaranteed way to keep his Polish Catholic cousin away from his new throne. The conflict between the two cousins was destined to be bloody and all-consuming, and this story forms a vital part of the wider narrative of the Thirty Years War, so I hope you’ll join me for it!**DON'T FORGET TO FOLLOW THESE LINKS!**1) To support the podcast financially in return for some extra audio content, check out Patreon!2) To find a community of history friends, look at our Facebook page and group!3) To keep up to date with us, follow us on Twitter!4) For everything else, visit our website, where you'll find the shop, archive, and much more!5) To purchase merchandise of all sorts, including mugs, books and clothing, check out our Merchants' Quarter See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

Still on lockdown-ish and enjoying getting back to recording conversations. It’s surprising easy to pin people down when they have to stay home!This time we talk with, Czesław Siegieda (Jan) about his excellent new book - Polska Britannica. Jan tells us about the history of Polish immigrants in the UK, and his double life of a British school boy and Polish Catholic living in a Resettlement Camp in Burton on the Wolds, Leicestershire.© Czesław Siegieda from Polska BritannicaCzesław Siegieda, born the son of Polish immigrants to England in Leicestershire in 1954, showed an interest in photography from an early age. From his teens he photographed the Polish community he grew up in, moving through fêtes and funerals with an ease only available to..........Support the show (https://www.patreon.com/outerfocuspodcast)

Frederick II (German: Friedrich II.; 24 January 1712 – 17 August 1786) ruled the Kingdom of Prussia from 1740 until 1786, the longest reign of any Hohenzollern king, at 46 years. His most significant accomplishments during his reign included his military victories, his reorganization of Prussian armies, his patronage of the arts and the Enlightenment and his final success against great odds in the Seven Years' War. Frederick was the last Hohenzollern monarch titled King in Prussia and declared himself King of Prussia after achieving sovereignty over most historically Prussian lands in 1772. Prussia had greatly increased its territories and became a leading military power in Europe under his rule. He became known as Frederick the Great (Friedrich der Große) and was nicknamed Der Alte Fritz ("The Old Fritz") by the Prussian people and eventually the rest of Germany. In his youth, Frederick was more interested in music and philosophy than the art of war. Nonetheless, upon ascending to the Prussian throne he attacked Austria and claimed Silesia during the Silesian Wars, winning military acclaim for himself and Prussia. Toward the end of his reign, Frederick physically connected most of his realm by acquiring Polish territories in the First Partition of Poland. He was an influential military theorist whose analysis emerged from his extensive personal battlefield experience and covered issues of strategy, tactics, mobility and logistics. Considering himself "the first servant of the state", Frederick was a proponent of enlightened absolutism. He modernized the Prussian bureaucracy and civil service and pursued religious policies throughout his realm that ranged from tolerance to segregation. He reformed the judicial system and made it possible for men not of noble status to become judges and senior bureaucrats. Frederick also encouraged immigrants of various nationalities and faiths to come to Prussia, although he enacted oppressive measures against Polish Catholic subjects in West Prussia. Frederick supported arts and philosophers he favored as well as allowing complete freedom of the press and literature. Most modern biographers agree that Frederick was primarily homosexual, and that his sexual orientation was central to his life. Frederick is buried at his favorite residence, Sanssouci in Potsdam. Because he died childless, Frederick was succeeded by his nephew, Frederick William II, son of his brother, Augustus William. Nearly all 19th-century German historians made Frederick into a romantic model of a glorified warrior, praising his leadership, administrative efficiency, devotion to duty and success in building up Prussia to a great power in Europe. Historian Leopold von Ranke was unstinting in his praise of Frederick's "heroic life, inspired by great ideas, filled with feats of arms ... immortalized by the raising of the Prussian state to the rank of a power". Johann Gustav Droysen was even more extolling. Frederick remained an admired historical figure through Germany's defeat in World War I. The Nazis glorified him as a great German leader pre-figuring Adolf Hitler, who personally idolized him. Associations with him became far less favorable after the fall of the Nazis, largely due to his status as one of their symbols. However, by the 21st century a re-evaluation of his legacy as a great general and enlightened monarch returned opinion of him to favour. --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/thehistoryexpress/support

Martyna is a 29-year-old, cis-gender woman who describes herself as white, heterosexual, monogamous, and in a relationship. She grew up in Poland and now lives in South Africa. Martyna deals with depression, and she talks today about how that has affected her relationships and sex. She also talks about how the season 1 STARS episode affected her thinking about how to talk about consent. You can find that episode at https://www.leahcarey.com/podcast/episode-8a-bonus-the-stars-conversation Major themes in this episode include depression, learning about consent as an adult, and exploring BDSM. Here are some of the great moments she shared with us: 4:30 – Martyna’s first sexual experiences – by herself riding pillows, then playing with another little girl 6:40 – The lessons she learned growing up Polish Catholic 8:30 – Securing contraception in secret 10:30 – Growing up with an alcoholic and emotionally abusive mom, and her teen rebellion 11:30 – Martyna’s sense of shame around losing her virginity 13:55 – Finding herself sexually, her exploration on the rebound 15:30 – Martyna’s first experience of real consent conversations and the play that lead to her sexual awakening 21:25 – Her intro to BDSM 25:00 – Her masturbation to achieve orgasm when it wasn’t present in sex 26:00 – How depression has affected her sex life 31:20 – The relief of giving up control during sex 32:45 – More specific details about her sexual activities with her current partner    Quick 5: 37:00 - What is a fantasy you’ve been wanting to try but haven’t yet? 38:55 - What’s the kinkiest thing you enjoy? 40:20 - Do you swallow or not? 41:51 - Do you enjoy direct stimulation to your clit? 42:18 - How do you feel when a partner loses or can’t get an erection?   The Patreon extras for this episode are: At the $1/month level, there’s an extended conversation about how the culture of different countries plays into gender roles and relationship expectations At the $5/month level, Martyna talks more about the specifics of her BDSM activities with her partner At the $7/month level, that conversation plus the extended Q&A At the $10/month level, all that plus a monthly Ask Me Anything! Learn more and become a community supporter at www.patreon.com/goodgirlstalkaboutsex. If you like this show, please leave a rating and review at https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/good-girls-talk-about-sex/id1436501617?mt=2. Want to be on the show? Visit www.leahcarey.com/guest and let me know that you’re interested. I’d love to talk with you! To learn about Sexual Communication Coaching, visit www.leahcarey.com/coaching Host – Leah Carey (Facebook, Instagram, YouTube, email) Editor – Gretchen Kilby Music by – Nazar Rybak

In the first half, Jim Sniechowski, a best selling author, will be speaking about his newly published book - Worship of Hollow Gods, where it is available and the details of his book. Worship of Hollow Gods bears witness to the world of Jim Sniechowski, a sensitive nine-year-old boy subjected to the underbelly of his Polish Catholic family in working class Detroit. Jim Sniechowski will be discussing creativity, aging and limits you are up against, known as holdbacks. The second half will be with Gina Moss, the Eastern Regional Educator for Renew Life Formulas Inc. Renew Life pioneers superior-quality digestive wellness supplements. Gina Moss will discuss digestive health as it relates to our four categories of Probiotics, Enzymes, Fiber and Herbal Cleansing. Gina Moss will be focusing on the microbiome, which is important to your health because it impacts fundamental biological processes in your gut.

In the first half, Jim Sniechowski, a best selling author, will be speaking about his newly published book - Worship of Hollow Gods, where it is available and the details of his book. Worship of Hollow Gods bears witness to the world of Jim Sniechowski, a sensitive nine-year-old boy subjected to the underbelly of his Polish Catholic family in working class Detroit. Jim Sniechowski will be discussing creativity, aging and limits you are up against, known as holdbacks. The second half will be with Gina Moss, the Eastern Regional Educator for Renew Life Formulas Inc. Renew Life pioneers superior-quality digestive wellness supplements. Gina Moss will discuss digestive health as it relates to our four categories of Probiotics, Enzymes, Fiber and Herbal Cleansing. Gina Moss will be focusing on the microbiome, which is important to your health because it impacts fundamental biological processes in your gut.

In the first half, Jim Sniechowski, a best selling author, will be speaking about his newly published book - Worship of Hollow Gods, where it is available and the details of his book. Worship of Hollow Gods bears witness to the world of Jim Sniechowski, a sensitive nine-year-old boy subjected to the underbelly of his Polish Catholic family in working class Detroit. Jim Sniechowski will be discussing creativity, aging and limits you are up against, known as holdbacks. The second half will be with Gina Moss, the Eastern Regional Educator for Renew Life Formulas Inc. Renew Life pioneers superior-quality digestive wellness supplements. Gina Moss will discuss digestive health as it relates to our four categories of Probiotics, Enzymes, Fiber and Herbal Cleansing. Gina Moss will be focusing on the microbiome, which is important to your health because it impacts fundamental biological processes in your gut.

In the first half, Jim Sniechowski, a best selling author, will be speaking about his newly published book - Worship of Hollow Gods, where it is available and the details of his book. Worship of Hollow Gods bears witness to the world of Jim Sniechowski, a sensitive nine-year-old boy subjected to the underbelly of his Polish Catholic family in working class Detroit. Jim Sniechowski will be discussing creativity, aging and limits you are up against, known as holdbacks. The second half will be with Gina Moss, the Eastern Regional Educator for Renew Life Formulas Inc. Renew Life pioneers superior-quality digestive wellness supplements. Gina Moss will discuss digestive health as it relates to our four categories of Probiotics, Enzymes, Fiber and Herbal Cleansing. Gina Moss will be focusing on the microbiome, which is important to your health because it impacts fundamental biological processes in your gut.

Jon Meacham’s new book, The Soul of America: The Battle for our Better Angels provides a condensed view of the history of the United States, chronicling the tougher times that we have endured.I enjoy reading history, and at my age, I’ve lived a lot of it! What strikes me in reading Meacham’s book is how our history has been distorted by the story-teller, and even when living through an era, our memories are imperfect.As Jon’s book unfolds, he gives us hope that just as in times past, the right parts of humanity prevail and we are a better society when we band together with simple messages about loving one another and caring for our neighbor. It was the perfect reading material last week to follow Presiding Bishop Michael Curry’s inspiring sermon at the Royal Wedding of Prince Harry and Meghan Markle!Jon’s well-referenced story dispelled many of the myths that I had previously held:I’ve been to museums that attempt to convince that the Civil War was really all about the financial challenges of a cotton-based economy. Not so fast. Jon cites numerous politicians and authors of the time: it was clearly about slavery and racial injustice. But what I didn’t know is that Abraham Lincoln had changed his position on slavery, first agreeing that no slave owner would have to change in the South, but then eventually turning to an emancipation of all slaves regardless of location.I remember how excited my mother was when JFK was elected. Both my parents were staunch Republicans but also Catholics. My mother said that a Catholic would never be elected to the US Presidency as she carried the stigma of being the daughter of Polish Catholic immigrants.I had forgotten that the Ku Klux Klan wasn’t just against African-Americans. They hated Catholics and Jews, too. How easy it is to block our memories when we encounter sin.I’m left with this quote from Meacham’s book: “There is such a thing as discernible reality. Facts, as John Adams once said, are stubborn things, and yet too many Americans are locked into their particular vision of the world, choosing this view or that perspective based not on its grounding in fact but on whether it’s a view or perspective endorsed by the leaders one follows. “The dictators of the world say that if you tell a lie often enough, why, people will believe it,” Truman wrote. “Well, if you tell the truth often enough, they’ll believe it and go along with you.”May we start telling the truth, not blocking sin from our memory but overcoming it.Blessings, my friend,Agatha

Irena’s Children, is the story of Irena Sendler, a Polish Catholic woman and Modern Athena. In her early 20s during the time period covered by the book (Irena's Children by Tilar J. Mazzeo), and standing 4’11” tall, Irena was not physically imposing. But anyone that underestimated her was sorely mistaken. It was this young woman’s iron spirit, sense of purpose, and bravery thathelped her to organize dozens of ordinary citizens, across the divides of religion, into foot soldiers for her human network. Between 1940 and 1945, this network saved the lives of 2,500 Jewish children who otherwise would have perished with their parents in the Warsaw ghetto, in the rail cars destined for the Treblinka extermination camp, or in the gas chambers at Treblinka. Listen now as we tell her story. INDEX0:00 Intro and Background of the Book1:52 Warsaw at the Start of World War II3:38 The German Purges Begin6:13 The Germans Target the Jews7:48 Irena’s First Resistance Efforts10:48 The Ghetto is Created16:53 The Winter of 1941-194218:20 Escaping the Ghetto: Saving the Children25:08 Escaping the Ghetto: Saving the Families26:55 Gross-Aktion Warsaw30:50 Trying to Save the Children: Umschlagplatz and The Ghetto Hospital36:05 Trying to Save the Children: Dr. Korczak’s Orphanage38:20 The Money Runs Out40:45 The Lists of Children Grow44:00 The Final Liquidation of the Ghetto49:45 Irena’s Capture55:00 The Warsaw Uprising59:16 The Fate of the Lists1:03:00 Outro and Next Episode Visit www.modernathenas.com for links to all episodes. Subscribe to our podcast on iTunes, Stitcher, Google Play or YouTube. Send us feedback or leave a review! Thanks for listening.Follow us on Twitter/Facebook @modernathenasFollow us on Instagram @themodernathenaspodcast

Irena’s Children, is the story of Irena Sendler, a Polish Catholic woman and Modern Athena. In her early 20s during the time period covered by the book (Irena's Children by Tilar J. Mazzeo), and standing 4’11” tall, Irena was not physically imposing. But anyone that underestimated her was sorely mistaken. It was this young woman’s iron spirit, sense of purpose, and bravery thathelped her to organize dozens of ordinary citizens, across the divides of religion, into foot soldiers for her human network. Between 1940 and 1945, this network saved the lives of 2,500 Jewish children who otherwise would have perished with their parents in the Warsaw ghetto, in the rail cars destined for the Treblinka extermination camp, or in the gas chambers at Treblinka. Listen now as we tell her story. INDEX0:00 Intro and Background of the Book1:52 Warsaw at the Start of World War II3:38 The German Purges Begin6:13 The Germans Target the Jews7:48 Irena’s First Resistance Efforts10:48 The Ghetto is Created16:53 The Winter of 1941-194218:20 Escaping the Ghetto: Saving the Children25:08 Escaping the Ghetto: Saving the Families26:55 Gross-Aktion Warsaw30:50 Trying to Save the Children: Umschlagplatz and The Ghetto Hospital36:05 Trying to Save the Children: Dr. Korczak’s Orphanage38:20 The Money Runs Out40:45 The Lists of Children Grow44:00 The Final Liquidation of the Ghetto49:45 Irena’s Capture55:00 The Warsaw Uprising59:16 The Fate of the Lists1:03:00 Outro and Next Episode Visit www.modernathenas.com for links to all episodes. Subscribe to our podcast on iTunes, Stitcher, Google Play or YouTube. Send us feedback or leave a review! Thanks for listening.Follow us on Twitter/Facebook @modernathenasFollow us on Instagram @themodernathenaspodcast

Julida Alter is the youngest of 6 in a strong Polish Catholic family where her father and two brothers are blacksmiths.  Julida and her sister are part of a 4-person band called “The Blacksmith’s Daughters”, they are located outside of Minneapolis Minnesota.  Recently formed in 2015, The Blacksmith's Daughters (a family folk/pop band) believe that music should inspire the best in each other. That is why they create music that makes people happy. Many times this happiness comes out through authentic love songs with soaring melodies, intense harmonies and intertwined guitar and ukulele.  What We Talked About Julida comes from a family of blacksmiths, 4 generations in fact! Her father, Boleslaw Kochanowski, is a well-known blacksmith in the Wisconsin and Chicago area. Her father has visited his native country, Poland, to research his genealogy and how it ties to the blacksmith craft. He has found business records from the early 1900’s of family members running a blacksmith business. Her grandfather was fighting in World War II and was captured by the Nazis, when he declared (he knew how to speak German) that he was a blacksmith the Nazis spared his life and put him to work on a farm in Germany. The four pillars of the band are the two sisters, Annella Platta and Julida Alter, and their iron clad musicians (and also husbands), Brent Platta and Sean Alter.  Two other regulars in the band are Jeremy Swider on violin and Krista Swider on viola (who also happen to be married). Jeremy and Krista teach private violin and viola lessons and also perform in the ensemble Sonorous Strings.  Each of the band members have a background tied to music, A band teacher, a choir director, a piano teacher and professional viola and violin players. Every member of the band writes their own lyrics and music and they like to use hand percussion instruments such as: hand shakers, Castanets, Cajon box drum and bass drums. They are planning to release two albums in 2017, one in June and hopefully a Christmas album.   Guest Links The Blacksmith’s Daughters website - http://www.theblacksmithsdaughters.com/ Band’s YouTube channel - https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCPfufg98AbRBicWU8wojXdw Boleslaw Kochowski - http://www.boleslawkochanowski.com/   A Big Thank You to today’s sponsor – Southern Blacksmith Association, Their bi-annual conference May 18th - 21st.   If you enjoyed this episode, I would love it if you would support the show by: telling your friends. sharing this episode using the social sharing buttons below. subscribing to the show and leaving a rating and review in iTunes.  Not sure how?  Just follow these simple steps here or watch the short video tutorial, http://youtu.be/rq4OCyRGjHc?list=UUH3MfNZLXlKgionAs6kMT_Q subscribing to the show in Stitcher, http://www.stitcher.com/s?fid=54499&refid=stpr Thanks so much for your support!

As a child, Magnum photographer Mark Power discovered his father's home-made enlarger in the family attic, a contraption consisting of an upturned flowerpot, a domestic light bulb and a simple camera lens. His interest in photography probably began at this moment, though he later went to art college to study life-drawing and painting instead. After graduating, he travelled for two years around South-East Asia and Australia and it was at this point that he began to realise he enjoyed using a camera more than a pencil and decided to 'become a photographer' on his return to England, two years later, in 1983. He then worked in the editorial and charity markets for nearly ten years, before he began teaching in 1992. This coincided with a shift towards long-term, self initiated projects which now sit comfortably alongside a number of large-scale commissions in the industrial sector. For many years his work has been seen in numerous galleries and museums across the world, and is in several important collections, both public and private, including the Arts Council of England, the British Council, the Victoria and Albert Museum and the Los Angeles County Museum of Art. To date Power has published eight books: The Shipping Forecast (1996), a poetic response to the esoteric language of daily maritime weather reports; Superstructure (2000), a documentation of the construction of London's Millennium Dome; The Treasury Project (2002), about the restoration of a nineteenth-century historical monument: 26 Different Endings (2007), which depicts those landscapes unlucky enough to fall just off the edge of the London A-Z, a map which could be said to define the boundaries of the British capital; The Sound of Two Songs (2010), the culmination of his five year project set in contemporary Poland following her accession to the European Union; Mass (2013), an investigation into the power and wealth of the Polish Catholic church; Die Mauer ist Weg! (2014), about chance and choice when confronted, accidentally, with a major news event - in this case the fall of the Berlin Wall, and Destroying the Laboratory for the Sake of the Experiment (2016), a collaboration with the poet Daniel Cockrill about pre-Brexit England. Mark Power joined Magnum Photos as a Nominee in 2002, and became a full Member in 2007. Meanwhile, in his other life, he is visiting Professor of Photography at the University of Brighton, on the south coast of England, where he lives with his partner Jo, their children Chilli (b.1998) and Milligan (b.2002) and their dog Kodak.

Prior to 1543 it was generally believed that the earth lay static in the centre of the universe, while the Sun, moon, planets and stars revolved around it in various complex paths, some even looping back and forth, as described by the Egyptian astronomer Ptolemy over a millennium before. This Ptolemaic system sat comfortably reconciled with philosophy and biblical scripture, not to mention immediate experience and observations. In the 16th century astronomy and astrology were closely intertwined, as the art of predicting where the small dots of light on the night sky would appear had consequences if you were the sort of person who based your actions on horoscopes. But astronomers didn't have the right to start telling philosophers and theologians how the universe was actually constructed - what its mechanisms were - they merely observed the moving dots of light and used mathematics to predict where they would be the next night, week or month. This was an essential function for the Catholic church too - as the all-important date of Easter is based around a complicated lunar pattern. But also at that time in northern Europe, Martin Luther and others had begun a protestant revolution, fundamentally questioning the authority of the Pope and Vatican. It was an auspicious time for a fairly middle ranking Catholic cleric, Nicolaus Copernicus, working in a remote corner of northern Poland to drop a note around telling other astronomers that he'd worked out a new system that made for better astronomical calculations by making the moon travel round a spinning earth, and the earth and all the planets travel around the Sun. If that were the true shape of the universe, the bible could no longer be literally true. It took 30 years, but eventually a keen young Austrian mathematician convinced him to publish his book. So a German radical protestant published a book by a mild-mannered Polish Catholic cleric, a book that allegedly simplified the cosmos, rightfully placing the Sun at the centre of our local universe, kicking off the scientific revolution and leading to the European enlightenment. But as Phil Ball explains, the real story of 'De Revolutionibus Orbium Coelestium' - 'On the Revolutions of Heavenly Spheres' - is not quite as straight forward as all that. Image: © BBC

In the first half hour, Patricia interviews Martha Hall Kelly on her debut novel, Lilac Girls, a New York Times bestseller. This story is about the unsung hero of the Holocaust, Caroline Ferriday and her unwavering perseverance that ultimately brought thirty-five former prisoners of Ravensbrück, to the United States for rehabilitation by 1959. They were a group of young Polish Catholic female prisoners. Nicknamed the Rabbits, they were forced to hop on crutches when Nazi doctors mutilated their legs testing the efficacy of sulfa drugs. In the second half hour, Patricia interviews Dr. Barb DePree, a gynecologist specializing in midlife women's health and author of, 'Yes You Can: Dr. Barb's Recipe for Lifelong Intimacy'. She discusses sound medical advice that empower women to remain as sexually active as they wish for as long as they choose and will share real stories of her patients and the challenges they have faced, not only with menopause but other health conditions as well.

In the first half hour, Patricia interviews Martha Hall Kelly on her debut novel, Lilac Girls, a New York Times bestseller. This story is about the unsung hero of the Holocaust, Caroline Ferriday and her unwavering perseverance that ultimately brought thirty-five former prisoners of Ravensbrück, to the United States for rehabilitation by 1959. They were a group of young Polish Catholic female prisoners. Nicknamed the Rabbits, they were forced to hop on crutches when Nazi doctors mutilated their legs testing the efficacy of sulfa drugs. In the second half hour, Patricia interviews Dr. Barb DePree, a gynecologist specializing in midlife women's health and author of, 'Yes You Can: Dr. Barb's Recipe for Lifelong Intimacy'. She discusses sound medical advice that empower women to remain as sexually active as they wish for as long as they choose and will share real stories of her patients and the challenges they have faced, not only with menopause but other health conditions as well.

In the first half hour, Patricia interviews Martha Hall Kelly on her debut novel, Lilac Girls, a New York Times bestseller. This story is about the unsung hero of the Holocaust, Caroline Ferriday and her unwavering perseverance that ultimately brought thirty-five former prisoners of Ravensbrück, to the United States for rehabilitation by 1959. They were a group of young Polish Catholic female prisoners. Nicknamed the Rabbits, they were forced to hop on crutches when Nazi doctors mutilated their legs testing the efficacy of sulfa drugs. In the second half hour, Patricia interviews Dr. Barb DePree, a gynecologist specializing in midlife women's health and author of, 'Yes You Can: Dr. Barb's Recipe for Lifelong Intimacy'. She discusses sound medical advice that empower women to remain as sexually active as they wish for as long as they choose and will share real stories of her patients and the challenges they have faced, not only with menopause but other health conditions as well.

In the first half hour, Patricia interviews Martha Hall Kelly on her debut novel, Lilac Girls, a New York Times bestseller. This story is about the unsung hero of the Holocaust, Caroline Ferriday and her unwavering perseverance that ultimately brought thirty-five former prisoners of Ravensbrück, to the United States for rehabilitation by 1959. They were a group of young Polish Catholic female prisoners. Nicknamed the Rabbits, they were forced to hop on crutches when Nazi doctors mutilated their legs testing the efficacy of sulfa drugs. In the second half hour, Patricia interviews Dr. Barb DePree, a gynecologist specializing in midlife women's health and author of, 'Yes You Can: Dr. Barb's Recipe for Lifelong Intimacy'. She discusses sound medical advice that empower women to remain as sexually active as they wish for as long as they choose and will share real stories of her patients and the challenges they have faced, not only with menopause but other health conditions as well.

Although Temple worship is not mandatory in Hinduism, from a very early age, Tamil Hindu/Saiva children go to the Temple with their parents, older siblings, grandparents and other family members to pray. They become socialised into Temple worship during these recurring visits as well as on auspicious festivals. By observing and imitating other more competent faith community members, children cultivate age-appropriate routines, practices, embodied dispositions and emotional responses as they strive to become expert members of the Hindu/Saiva faith community. This paper draws upon data from our project "Becoming Literate in Faith Settings: Language and Literacy Learning in the Lives of New Londoners" (Gregory et al. 2009), a three-year multi-site collaborative team ethnography whose aim was to examine how sixteen children aged between four and twelve from Bangladeshi Muslim, Ghanaian Pentecostal, Polish Catholic and Tamil Hindu/Saiva communities become literate through faith activities in London.

Please join host Frankie Picasso on Thursday, October 22nd at 1:00 pm EST as she goes on a Mission Unstoppable with guest Lucia Weitzman a child survivor of the holocaust. As Hitlers armies began to gather up the Polish Jews, Lucia’s parents feared for her safety and rightly so. In their attempt to escape, they decided it best to leave Lucia behind, hidden in plain site. They gave her to a childless Polish Catholic couple to raise as their own, always hoping that they might meet again after the war, but Poland was hardest hit by the Nazis. There were no survivors left behind. Lucia was born in Bochnia, Poland in 1940. Her Jewish parents perished in the Holocaust and Lucia was raised in the Catholic Church by her adopted parents the Swiateks. Lucia loved the church and had deep and spiritual faith. When she learned that she too was a Jew, she really had no idea what that meant, beyond knowing that everyone hated the Jews. As she grew older, Lucia began suffering anti semitism as a lone Jew in Bochnia, and eventually concluded that she would never be able to marry or have children if she stayed. After escaping detention by Communist authorities in 1961, she immigrated to the United States and married Herman Weitzman, a Holocaust survivor and businessman raised in a traditional Jewish family Lucia’s life has been documented in her new book The Rose Temple , written by her son Mitchell, which tells an incredible tale of survival, loss, and a love for God that would spur a spiritual search  across the world , not once but several times as she sought answers to life’s most pressing questions.

Please join host Frankie Picasso on Thursday, October 22nd at 1:00 pm EST as she goes on a Mission Unstoppable with guest Lucia Weitzman a child survivor of the holocaust. As Hitlers armies began to gather up the Polish Jews, Lucia’s parents feared for her safety and rightly so. In their attempt to escape, they decided it best to leave Lucia behind, hidden in plain site. They gave her to a childless Polish Catholic couple to raise as their own, always hoping that they might meet again after the war, but Poland was hardest hit by the Nazis. There were no survivors left behind. Lucia was born in Bochnia, Poland in 1940. Her Jewish parents perished in the Holocaust and Lucia was raised in the Catholic Church by her adopted parents the Swiateks. Lucia loved the church and had deep and spiritual faith. When she learned that she too was a Jew, she really had no idea what that meant, beyond knowing that everyone hated the Jews. As she grew older, Lucia began suffering anti semitism as a lone Jew in Bochnia, and eventually concluded that she would never be able to marry or have children if she stayed. After escaping detention by Communist authorities in 1961, she immigrated to the United States and married Herman Weitzman, a Holocaust survivor and businessman raised in a traditional Jewish family Lucia’s life has been documented in her new book The Rose Temple , written by her son Mitchell, which tells an incredible tale of survival, loss, and a love for God that would spur a spiritual search  across the world , not once but several times as she sought answers to life’s most pressing questions.

Please join host Frankie Picasso on Thursday, October 22nd at 1:00 pm EST as she goes on a Mission Unstoppable with guest Lucia Weitzman a child survivor of the holocaust.As Hitlers armies began to gather up the Polish Jews, Lucia’s parents feared for her safety and rightly so. In their attempt to escape, they decided it best to leave Lucia behind, hidden in plain site. They gave her to a childless Polish Catholic couple to raise as their own, always hoping that they might meet again after the war, but Poland was hardest hit by the Nazis. There were no survivors left behind.Lucia was born in Bochnia, Poland in 1940. Her Jewish parents perished in the Holocaust and Lucia was raised in the Catholic Church by her adopted parents the Swiateks. Lucia loved the church and had deep and spiritual faith. When she learned that she too was a Jew, she really had no idea what that meant, beyond knowing that everyone hated the Jews. As she grew older, Lucia began suffering anti semitism as a lone Jew in Bochnia, and eventually concluded that she would never be able to marry or have children if she stayed. After escaping detention by Communist authorities in 1961, she immigrated to the United States and married Herman Weitzman, a Holocaust survivor and businessman raised in a traditional Jewish familyLucia’s life has been documented in her new book The Rose Temple , written by her son Mitchell, which tells an incredible tale of survival, loss, and a love for God that would spur a spiritual search  across the world , not once but several times as she sought answers to life’s most pressing questions.

Thanks for joining me for episode #68 of the podcast. My guest today is Michele Wierzgac, who I’m so glad shared her story with me and now you. Michele’s journey is an interesting one; from the volleyball court to the main stage there’s never been a dull moment. She offers amazing insight into how to be authentically successful, as well as some of the best advice she’s ever received. She and I also shared a laugh about how unfamiliar we are with being bored – how many of you feel the same? I would love to hear feedback and/or questions. Drop me a line or comment below! Enjoy the show! Links mentioned in today’s episode www.micheleandco.com   Listen to the episode by clicking the play button below. Would you prefer to read the transcript than listen to the episode? No problem! Read the transcript below. AUDIO TITLE:  Jenn T Grace – Ep 68 Jenn T. Grace: Let’s dive right in and tell the audience a little bit about yourself, your story, and essentially what your path looked like that led you to the place that you are today. Michele Wierzgac: Well I was born in Chicago, one of six children. My mom had eight brothers and sisters, and my dad had eight brothers. Can you imagine just being the baby of eight older brothers? Jenn T. Grace: That is a lot. No thank you. Michele Wierzgac: So you can get a sense that I grew up on the south side of Chicago with a big family, Polish Catholic family, and tons of cousins, aunts and uncles. And as a young child I played volleyball, softball and ice hockey with my brothers and friends in the neighborhood. And during this entire time while I was playing sports, my dad always yelled at me, "A woman's place is in the home to cook and clean and raise the kids. Stop playing sports!" So my mother always said then, "Okay you can go out and play, only after you do the dishes." So I had all these rules and regulations I had to live by these traditional 'social values.' And then my grammar school coach who was my friend's mother discovered that I had a talent for volleyball, and she talked my mother into allowing me to go to practice after dinner. And that's how everything started for me, and I had somebody believing in me- my mom and my volleyball coach. So in high school I was involved in everything from journalism to band, I played the flute, the piano, I refereed for basketball and played for softball, teaching volleyball clinic. And again, my mom told me to focus, you can't be good at everything, you need to focus on just a few things. So I dropped off journalism and band and everything, and I made room for volleyball and I discovered I had a natural talent again, for volleyball even at the high school level. We went to state, took second in state, I was the captain in All-State, All-American, and my high school coach called me as the season was over and said, "Michelle, you need to sit down, you need to take a look at this. There are eleven scholarship offers sitting her." At that time they contacted the coaches. And I said, "Oh, college?" And she said, "Yeah, college." And she said, "You really need to think about which college you're going to," and I said, "Oh no, my father would never allow me to go to college. There's just no way." She says, "Oh well I need to talk to your mother." My mother and my high school coach conspired. My father said, "There's no way. A woman's place is cook and clean and stay at home and raising babies." And mother said, "Like hell. She's going off to college. I never had an opportunity like this, and she's going." And I think really focusing on one sport really helped me out, and her wisdom really helped me out. So anyway, I chose Illinois State University and my mom and dad asked the question, "Why did you pick that?" And I said, "It's a great teaching school, look how they're rated." I did my homework, that's another thing that I learned to do.

In 2004, the traditionally Polish-Catholic community of Hamtramck Michigan became the site of a debate over the Muslim call to prayer. Members of the Hamtramck community engaged in a contest about the appropriateness of sound and its intrusion into public space. In Religion Out Loud: Religious Sound, Public Space, and American Pluralism (NYU Press, 2014), this example is one of three cases that Isaac Weiner studies in order to investigate the role of sound in the American religious public sphere. Weiner, Assistant Professor of Religion and Culture in the Department of Comparative Studies at the Ohio State University, offers a rich and eminently readable account of how sound matters to religion in public life. We learn that debates over noise have a long history in the American religious landscape. These debates change as the constitution of American religious life changes, and as jurisprudence opens new questions about the nature of religion and its expressions. In our conversation, Professor Weiner and I discuss this history, how he came upon it, and what it can teach us about the future of American religious pluralism. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In 2004, the traditionally Polish-Catholic community of Hamtramck Michigan became the site of a debate over the Muslim call to prayer. Members of the Hamtramck community engaged in a contest about the appropriateness of sound and its intrusion into public space. In Religion Out Loud: Religious Sound, Public Space, and American Pluralism (NYU Press, 2014), this example is one of three cases that Isaac Weiner studies in order to investigate the role of sound in the American religious public sphere. Weiner, Assistant Professor of Religion and Culture in the Department of Comparative Studies at the Ohio State University, offers a rich and eminently readable account of how sound matters to religion in public life. We learn that debates over noise have a long history in the American religious landscape. These debates change as the constitution of American religious life changes, and as jurisprudence opens new questions about the nature of religion and its expressions. In our conversation, Professor Weiner and I discuss this history, how he came upon it, and what it can teach us about the future of American religious pluralism. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In 2004, the traditionally Polish-Catholic community of Hamtramck Michigan became the site of a debate over the Muslim call to prayer. Members of the Hamtramck community engaged in a contest about the appropriateness of sound and its intrusion into public space. In Religion Out Loud: Religious Sound, Public Space, and American Pluralism (NYU Press, 2014), this example is one of three cases that Isaac Weiner studies in order to investigate the role of sound in the American religious public sphere. Weiner, Assistant Professor of Religion and Culture in the Department of Comparative Studies at the Ohio State University, offers a rich and eminently readable account of how sound matters to religion in public life. We learn that debates over noise have a long history in the American religious landscape. These debates change as the constitution of American religious life changes, and as jurisprudence opens new questions about the nature of religion and its expressions. In our conversation, Professor Weiner and I discuss this history, how he came upon it, and what it can teach us about the future of American religious pluralism. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In 2004, the traditionally Polish-Catholic community of Hamtramck Michigan became the site of a debate over the Muslim call to prayer. Members of the Hamtramck community engaged in a contest about the appropriateness of sound and its intrusion into public space. In Religion Out Loud: Religious Sound, Public Space, and American Pluralism (NYU Press, 2014), this example is one of three cases that Isaac Weiner studies in order to investigate the role of sound in the American religious public sphere. Weiner, Assistant Professor of Religion and Culture in the Department of Comparative Studies at the Ohio State University, offers a rich and eminently readable account of how sound matters to religion in public life. We learn that debates over noise have a long history in the American religious landscape. These debates change as the constitution of American religious life changes, and as jurisprudence opens new questions about the nature of religion and its expressions. In our conversation, Professor Weiner and I discuss this history, how he came upon it, and what it can teach us about the future of American religious pluralism. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In 2004, the traditionally Polish-Catholic community of Hamtramck Michigan became the site of a debate over the Muslim call to prayer. Members of the Hamtramck community engaged in a contest about the appropriateness of sound and its intrusion into public space. In Religion Out Loud: Religious Sound, Public Space, and... Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In 2004, the traditionally Polish-Catholic community of Hamtramck Michigan became the site of a debate over the Muslim call to prayer. Members of the Hamtramck community engaged in a contest about the appropriateness of sound and its intrusion into public space. In Religion Out Loud: Religious Sound, Public Space, and American Pluralism (NYU Press, 2014), this example is one of three cases that Isaac Weiner studies in order to investigate the role of sound in the American religious public sphere. Weiner, Assistant Professor of Religion and Culture in the Department of Comparative Studies at the Ohio State University, offers a rich and eminently readable account of how sound matters to religion in public life. We learn that debates over noise have a long history in the American religious landscape. These debates change as the constitution of American religious life changes, and as jurisprudence opens new questions about the nature of religion and its expressions. In our conversation, Professor Weiner and I discuss this history, how he came upon it, and what it can teach us about the future of American religious pluralism. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Children develop language and literacy skills in all sorts of settings, but perhaps one of the most overlooked settings is the church, the temple, the mosque -  especially for communities who have recently settled in the UK. Focusing on four groups who have come to London in the last 50 years - the Ghanaian Pentecostal community, the Polish Catholic community, the Bangladeshi Muslim community and the Tamil Hindu community - the three year long ESRC funded BeLIFS project (Becoming Literate in Faith Settings) of the Education Department at Goldsmiths, University of London found that the places of worship, services, classes and home lives of the children, centring around their faith, were important not just for literacy, but for the children's multi-lingual identity. In this podcast, anthropologist Dr Sarah Winkler Reid talks to  Professor Eve Gregory, who headed up the project.  [You can also see and hear Eve Gregory talk about the project in this video] Here is the Transcript: Becoming literate in faith settings: Language and literacy learning in the lives of new Londoners (BeLIFS) Sarah Winkler Reid: Faith plays an important part in the lives of many children in Britain, but as Eve Gregory, Professor of Language and Culture in Education at Goldsmith’s University told me, very little research has focused on language and literacy learning in faith settings. Eve’s three year long project aimed to find out about the sorts of learning that happens as children take part in faith activities in places of worship, in faith classes or at home. The project focused on four groups of ‘New Londoners’, communities of shared origins and faith who have come to live in London in the last fifty years. The Ghanaian Pentecostal community, Catholic Polish community, the Bangladeshi Muslim community and the Tamil Hindu community. The project was a collaborative ethnography, Eve’s team of eleven conducted participant observation in the faith settings and the children and their families had video cameras so they could record their activities at home. Having recently completed the project Eve told me what had surprised her and her team most about their research findings. Eve Gregory:  Generally we were very surprised by the scope of learning going on in children lives, we were surprised that in many families, because we’re convinced that our families were not exceptional that actually faith permeates children’s everyday lives. Not only are many children involved in regular worship at the Temple or Mosque or the Church, but they are on a daily basis referring to their faith, using text, narratives, hymns, songs, art work from their faith. So we were surprised at the extent of learning and the way in which faith does interpenetrate lots and lots of different learning. We were surprised that you couldn’t really separate language and literacy learning. Although the original intention of our project was to focus on language and literacy learning we realised you couldn’t separate them from cultural learning, from aesthetic learning, artistic learning, creative learning and moral learning as well. And all of the formed becoming part of a community, because that was the crucial thing, all of that gave children a framework, a sort of guide book for their lives actually. [Audio of children singing as part of Children’s day at the Ghanaian Pentecostal Church]. SWR: Can you give some descriptions of the settings the children were learning in? EG: Yes there were lots of different contexts; maybe I could just take a couple of contrasting ones. The Polish children were all very fluent Polish speakers. [Audio of Polish children speaking in Polish in their Catholic faith class] EG: Now we found out that was not necessarily because the children had come to the country more recently but indeed there is a history behind all of that. Indeed there is a history behind each of the groups. And the Polish children,

It’s Easter Sunday and Val made a butter lamb, a Polish Catholic tradition, which also happens to be super cute.  If I were at my grandmother’s house in India I would be full from lots of appam and stew, after … Continue reading →

The presidency of the United States is not just an American issue: Freedom lovers around the world are holding their collective breath. Michael Voris was interviewed by Paweł Chmielewski of Polonia Christiana, a Polish Catholic website with the mission of building God's order in the world and awakening the consciences of Poles. Interview was recorded on 11/12/2020. Click here to watch the full interview.