Podcasts about Laurasia

The sauropodomorph Ahvaytum is several million years older than any previously known dinosaur from Laurasia. And there are some even older tracks. Plus the results of the sweet sixteen round of our dino duels bracket.For links to every news story, links to our new book, and our fun fact check out https://iknowdino.com/200_years_of_dinosaurs-Episode-531/Join us at www.patreon.com/iknowdino for dinosaur requests, bonus content, ad-free episodes, and more.200 years of dinosaurs, our book titled I Know Dino! will be published soon with National Geographic Kids! Pre-order your copy at https://bit.ly/ikdbook2025 if you tell us you ordered it at https://bit.ly/iorderedthebook we'll send you an addendum with a dozen more dinosaurs we had to cut from the book.In dinosaur news this week:A new sauropodomorph shows that dinosaurs were living in the northern hemisphere way earlier than previously thought This episode is brought to you by the Colorado Northwestern Community College. Join them for two weeks digging up dinosaur bones from the Jurassic Period in Northwest Colorado this summer. For details go to CNCC.edu/dinodigSee Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

Thanks to Pranav for suggesting this week's massive topic! Further reading: When did the Isthmus of Panama form between North and South America? Florida fossil porcupine solves a prickly dilemma 10-million years in the making Evidence for butchery of giant armadillo-like mammals in Argentina 21,000 years ago Glyptodonts were big armored mammals: The porcupine, our big pointy friend: Show transcript: Welcome to Strange Animals Podcast. I'm your host, Kate Shaw. This week, at long last, we're going to learn about the great American interchange, also called the great American biotic interchange. Pranav suggested this topic ages ago, and I've been wanting to cover it ever since but never have gotten around to it until now. While this episode finishes off 2024 for us, it's the start of a new series I have planned for 2025, where every so often we'll learn about the animals of a particular place, either a modern country or a particular time in history for a whole continent. These days, North and South America are linked by a narrow landmass generally referred to as Central America. At its narrowest point, Central America is only about 51 miles wide, or 82 km. That's where the Panama Canal was built so that ships could get from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific and vice versa without having to go all around South America. It wasn't all that long ago, geologically speaking, that North and South America were completely separated, and they had been separated for millions of years. South America was part of the supercontinent Gondwana, while North America was part of the supercontinent Laurasia. We've talked about continental drift before, which basically means that the land we know and love on the earth today moves very, very slowly over the years. The earth's crust, whether it's underwater or above water, is separated into what are called continental plates, or tectonic plates. You can think of them as gigantic pieces of a broken slab of rock, all of the pieces resting on a big pile of really dense jelly. The jelly in this case is molten rock that's moving because of its own heat and the rotation of the earth and lots of other forces. Sometimes two pieces of the slab meet and crunch together, which forms mountains as the land is forced upward, while sometimes two pieces tear apart, which forms deep rift lakes and eventually oceans. All this movement happens incredibly slowly from a human's point of view--like, your fingernails grow faster than most continental plates move. But even if a plate only moves 5 millimeters a year, after a million years it's traveled 5 kilometers. Anyway, the supercontinent Gondwana was made up of plates that are now South America, Africa, Australia, Antarctica, and a few others. You can see how the east coast of South America fits up against the west coast of Africa like two puzzle pieces. Gondwana actually formed around 800 million years ago, then became part of the even bigger supercontinent Pangaea, and when Pangaea broke apart around 200 million years ago, Gondwana and Laurasia were completely separate. North America was part of Laurasia. But Gondwana continued to break apart. Africa and Australia traveled far away from South America as molten lava filled the rift areas and helped push the plates apart, forming the South Atlantic Ocean. Antarctica settled onto the south pole and India traveled past Africa until it crashed into Eurasia. By about 30 million years ago, South America was a gigantic island. It's easy to think that all this happened just like taking puzzle pieces apart, but it was an incredibly long, complicated process that we don't fully understand. To explain just how complicated it is, let's talk for a moment about marsupials. Marsupials are mammals that are born very early and finish developing outside of the mother's womb, usually in a special pouch. Kangaroos, wallabies, koalas, wombats, and Tasmanian devils are all marsupials, and all from Australia.

Comment trouver et gérer des retours quand on écrit un roman ? Camille est une autrice de science-fiction qui travaille dans le développement de logiciels, spécialisée dans l'agilité. Elle partage son expérience autour de la bêta-lecture : comment elle s'est lancée et pourquoi, les règles à suivre, la diversité des interactions. Vous pouvez retrouver Camille sur Instagram et lire le début de son roman uchronique "Laurasia" sur Wattpad.Mon lien Nextory : https://ybx.fr/lesmotsraturesDevenir sponsor du podcast : margotdessenne.fr/les-mots-ratures-sponsors/Cliquez ici pour vous découvrir le programme "Auteurs du Web" pour créer son site internet d'auteur en moins de 30 joursDécouvrez le template Notion pour organiser l'écriture de votre roman et accéder aux vidéos de l'Anatomie du Scénario (avec retranscription !)Retrouvez-moi sur InstagramRecevez chaque mardi matin de nouveaux conseils écriture et marketing grâce à ma Newsletter Hébergé par Acast. Visitez acast.com/privacy pour plus d'informations.

Thanks to Richard from NC for suggesting Titanomyrma! Further reading: 'Giant' ant fossil raises questions about ancient Arctic migrations A fossilized queen Titanomyrma ant with a rufous hummingbird (stuffed) for scale: Show transcript: Welcome to Strange Animals Podcast. I'm your host, Kate Shaw. This week we have a suggestion from Richard from North Carolina, who sent me an article about an extinct giant ant called Titanomyrma. This episode is short, but I think you'll find it interesting. We've talked about ants in previous episodes, most recently episode 185. Most ant colonies consist of a single queen ant who lays all the eggs for her colony, seasonally hatched males with wings who fly off as soon as they're grown, and worker ants. The worker ants are all female but don't lay eggs. Army ants have another caste, the soldier ant, which are much larger than the worker ants and have big heads and strong, sharp mandibles. In many species of ant, the worker ants are further divided into castes that are specialized for specific tasks. The biggest species of ant alive today is probably the giant Amazonian ant. The workers can grow over 1.2 inches long, or more than 3 cm, which is huge for an ant. It lives in South America in small colonies, usually containing less than 100 workers, and unlike most ants it doesn't have a queen. Instead, one of the workers mates with a male and lays eggs for the colony. The giant Amazonian ant can sting and its sting contains venom that causes intense pain for up to two days. Fortunately, you will probably never encounter these giant ants, and even if you do they're not very aggressive. Another contender for the biggest species of ant alive today is the Dorylus genus of army ants, also called driver ants, which we talked about in episode 185. It lives in Africa in colonies that have millions of members, and the queen is the largest ant known. A queen army ant can measure 2.4 inches long, or 63 millimeters, but worker ants are much smaller. Around 50 million years ago, giant ants related to modern driver ants lived in both Europe and North America. The genus is Titanomyrma and three species are known so far, found in Germany, England, Canada, and the American states of Tennessee and Wyoming. The Wyoming ant fossil was discovered years ago and donated to the Denver Museum of Nature and Science, where it was stored in a drawer and forgotten about. In 2011 a curator found it and showed it to a paleoentomologist named Bruce Archibald. Dr. Archibald recognized it immediately as a fossilized queen ant even though it was the size of a hummingbird. He also realized it was very similar to a type of giant ant that once lived in Germany. The German discovery was the first Titanomyrma species discovered, and it's also the biggest known so far. The queen Titanomyrma gigantea grew up to 2.8 inches long, or 7 centimeters. Males grew up to 1.2 inches long, or 3 cm. The fossilized queen ants found have wings, with a wingspan of over 6 inches, or 16 cm. The other two known species are generally smaller, although still pretty darn big for ants.While they're not that much bigger than the living Dorylus queens, most of the size of a queen Dorylus ant comes from her enlarged abdomen. Titanomyrma ants were just plain big all over. Titanomyrma didn't have a stinger, so it's possible it used its mandibles to inflict bites, the way modern army ants do. It might also have sprayed formic acid at potential predators, as some ants do today. The biggest ants alive today all live in tropical areas, so researchers thought Titanomyrma probably did too. During the Eocene, the world was overall quite warm and parts of Europe were tropical. The northern hemisphere supercontinent Laurasia was in the process of breaking up, but Europe and North America were still connected by the Arctic. Even though the Arctic was a lot warmer 50 million years ago than it is now,

YouTube is a place where most people go to learn about new things and new ideas. Laurasia Andrea understood that and started filming herself. She made a bold decision to replace her 9-5 job with content creation and transitioned into giving knowledge and awareness to her audience while earning more.In today's episode, Laurasia shares with Grant her decision-making process of using content creation on Youtube to replace her day job completely. She talks about the current status of her channel and her content transitions over the years and provides strategic ways of repurposing content on different platforms to earn double. Laurasia also shares how she keeps herself organized and feels less stressed out.Laurasia Andrea's YouTube channel started in 2010 and has over 500K subscribers with content about hair and beauty. As for the recording of this episode, her content is present on different platforms like Facebook and Instagram, with a mix of content about hair, beauty, and wellness. Episode Highlights01:34   The mindset behind Laurasia's content transition05:48   What is PCOS (Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome) exactly08:43   Laurasia's process in working with a team12:44   Posting videos on Facebook vs. YouTube17:04   Where and how to get help to manage while still having creative control20:22   Laurasia's career before being an influencer29:44   How to collaborate with a company to earn more in commissions34:07   The dream moment of becoming your own boss40:13   How to effectively schedule filming days and tune in with your audience44:56   Laurasia's advice for people who want to succeed on YouTube50:18   How to release the pressure of presenting your best life54:27   What's next for Laurasia and her content creationLinks & Resources MentionedCheck out Laurasia Andrea's FacebookFollow Laurasia Andrea's InstagramFollow Laurasia Andrea's TwitterCheck out Laurasia Andrea's TikTokLaurasia Andrea's YouTube channelSubscribe to the Video Creatr Youtube channel Check out Grant and Augie's Channels below:Grant Ball - TreesicleAugie JohnstonVidchopsBaller Boot Camp

Los dinosaurios acorazados forman el suborden de los tireóforos, que significa “portadores de escudo” en griego. Los tireóforos evolucionaron de pequeños dinosaurios herbívoros bípedos corredores. Aparecieron en el continente septentrional de Laurasia, que más tarde dio origen a Eurasia y Norteamérica. Hoy hablamos de Scutellosaurus, que vivió en Arizona durante el Jurásico inferior, hace alrededor de 196 millones de años. Emausaurus, que vivió en el norte de Alemania quince millones de años más tarde, y representa la transición de la bipedia a la cuadrupedia. Mejor conocido es Scelidosaurus, de cuatro metros de longitud y poco menos de trescientos kilos de peso, que vivió hace 190 millones de años en lo que hoy son las islas Británicas.

Los dinosaurios acorazados forman el suborden de los tireóforos, que significa “portadores de escudo” en griego. Los tireóforos evolucionaron de pequeños dinosaurios herbívoros bípedos corredores. Aparecieron en el continente septentrional de Laurasia, que más tarde dio origen a Eurasia y Norteamérica. Hoy hablamos de Scutellosaurus, que vivió en Arizona durante el Jurásico inferior, hace alrededor de 196 millones de años. Emausaurus, que vivió en el norte de Alemania quince millones de años más tarde, y representa la transición de la bipedia a la cuadrupedia. Mejor conocido es Scelidosaurus, de cuatro metros de longitud y poco menos de trescientos kilos de peso, que vivió hace 190 millones de años en lo que hoy son las islas Británicas.

A slightly crunchier than usual Wednesday crossword, aided and abetted by a colorful, circular theme. There were not a lot of cultural references in today's grid, although Mike found much to admire in 59A, ______ mountains, formation made by the collision of the continents Laurasia and Kazakhstania, URAL, and Jean relished 49D, Test taken in a tube, MRI.For our American listeners, tomorrow is Thanksgiving, and we wish all of you the very best; for our Canadian listeners, the same, with apologies for being approximately a month late; and for everyone else, we hope you have an awesome Thursday!Contact Info:We love listener mail! Drop us a line, crosswordpodcast@icloud.com.Also, we're on FaceBook, so feel free to drop by there and strike up a conversation!

This week we are getting into al things meditation, mindfulness, paving your path (and so much more!) with certified meditation and mindfulness instructor, author, speaker and fashion designer, Laurasia Mattingly.After experiencing debilitating anxiety as a teen and depression after the loss of her mother Laurasia found mindfulness and meditation and used it to help transform her life, and now she shares the magic of meditation with others through her own virtual meditation platform The Sit Society. In addition to her online offerings, Laurasia shares her practice internationally on retreats, with companies and corporations like Nike, Soho House, Lululemon, and Moët and Chandon to name a few. She is the author of two meditation books and featured as a meditation expert in publications such as Good Housekeeping, Well + Good, The Today Show, Health Magazine and Self Magazine.Connect with Laurasia✨ Instagram: @laurasiamattingly & @thesitsociety Website: www.laurasiamattingly.com Connect with Shayla✨ Instagram: @shaylaquinn YouTube: www.youtube.com/shaylaquinn TikTok: @shayla.quinn Website: www.shaylaquinn.com Learn more about TYIL Program ✨ Shop My Amazon Favorites 

Welcome to the Instant Trivia podcast episode 404, where we ask the best trivia on the Internet. Round 1. Category: "R"Rrrrrrrrr 1: Sometimes it's necessary to do this, meaning to reload your computer's operating system. reboot. 2: 3 points on one throw in horseshoes. ringer. 3: The stems of these Asian palms are used to make wicker furniture. rattan. 4: In a memorable 1982 TV movie, Jean Stapleton played this first lady. Eleanor Roosevelt. 5: Ionesco play that ends, "I'm the last man left, and I'm staying that way until the end. I'm not capitulating!". Rhinoceros. Round 2. Category: Breaking Up Is Hard To Do 1: In 1970 the world said "Hello, Goodbye" to this group whose film "Let It Be" documented their breakup. The Beatles. 2: After it broke up in 1991, 11 of its former republics joined the Commonwealth of Independent States. Soviet Union/U.S.S.R.. 3: In 1982 this communications giant agreed to divest itself of its Baby Bells. AT and T. 4: In 1938 2 Germans became the first to split this, producing barium and krypton from uranium. an atom. 5: Ancient supercontinent that many believe broke up, creating Laurasia and Gondwanaland. Pangaea. Round 3. Category: Gorilla My Dreams 1: The first gorilla born in captivity was Colo, who debuted in 1956 in this Ohio capital. Columbus. 2: Gorillas belong to this order of mammals which also includes monkeys, lemurs and man. Primates. 3: There are 3 types of gorillas: eastern lowland, western lowland and this one that lives at altitudes up to 13,000 feet. Mountain gorilla. 4: This zoologist founded the Karisoke Research Center in Rwanda where she studied gorillas for 18 years. Dian Fossey. 5: This fully adult male with a colorful name may weigh twice as much as the adult females in his group. Silverback. Round 4. Category: Actors Onstage 1: In 1980 Jane Seymour played Mozart's wife on Broadway in this play. Amadeus. 2: In 1977 Anne Bancroft returned to Broadway to play this Mideast leader. Golda Meir. 3: Raquel Welch made her Broadway debut in this musical, replacing Lauren Bacall. Woman of the Year. 4: Jack Klugman sang with Ethel Merman in this musical, but he kept his clothes on. Gypsy. 5: Before "Roots" Levar Burton's only sizable role was as Ali Hakim in this musical at USC. Oklahoma!. Round 5. Category: Car Names 1: This wild horse is also called a cayuse or a bronco. a Mustang. 2: Quicksilver. Mercury. 3: An agreement. an Accord. 4: English seaport from which the Mayflower set sail in 1620. the Plymouth. 5: An insect of the order Coleoptera. a Beetle. Thanks for listening! Come back tomorrow for more exciting trivia!

Laurasia mattingly full interview --- This episode is sponsored by · Anchor: The easiest way to make a podcast. https://anchor.fm/app Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/leo-black6/support

Episode 35 To close out another wonderful season, Season 3, we here at Geology on the Rocks decided to dive deep into all things about the geology of our home state, Texas. While we planned on talking about the specifics of North Texas, it evolved into a broader historical approach. Discussed is the evolution of the Lone Star State from the Precambrian times all the way through to the Cenozoic. The Texas we know and think of today, began as thick sequences of coarse sediment dumped into an ancient sea bordering Laurasia that was eventually buried, squeezed, and heated. Collisions with subsequent mobile belts eventually led to mountains forming, producing metamorphic schists and gneisses along with generating molten magma. The plutons cooled to form the granitic Llano Province around 1.3 to 1.1 billion years ago during the Mesoproterozoic. These Precambrian rocks are seen today in the Llano Uplift in central Texas and in the Franklin Mountains in west Texas. Throughout the Phanerozoic Eon, Texas saw a multitude of marine transgressions and regressions that led to most of Texas' history being submerged by shallow, epeiric seas. This undoubtedly led to the vast expanse of limestones and fossil assemblages we see throughout the state. We also see that during the Carboniferous Period Ouchita Mobile Belt is responsible for the distinctive S-shaped feature seen in geologic maps that spans across Texas. The Permian is responsible for a lot of the red bed formations we see up in the panhandle in the Quartermaster formation and the Dockum Group at Caprock Canyon State Park in Palo Duro Canyon. Near-shore evaporation flats produced deposits of bright red shales along with salt and gypsum deposits. As the supercontinent Pangaea began rifting apart, the Gulf of Mexico began opening allowing for sediment accommodation of the weathering of the uplifted Ouchita Mountains to the southeast. Early restriction of the gulf allowed for multiple evaporative phases that is represented by the famous Louann Salt deposits. During the Cretaceous, sandy shorelines and mudflats record the majestic presence of dinosaurs, most famously seen in the Paluxy River in Glen Rose. You name it, Texas probably has it, geologically speaking. Between the bars of our main discussion we bring to you another Mineral Minute and close things out with Leaves, Driving Slow Motion's latest single from their upcoming album. Sit back and enjoy the Geology of Texas in this final episode of the season! We look forward to starting anew sometime in late August. Until next time, be cool, stay tuned, and keep it on the rocks! --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/geology-on-the-rocks/support

Episode 34 Well, we did it. We went full throttle and geeked out discussing all things Devonian. Have you ever found yourself saying the Devonian was SOOO boring? Nothing was going on besides something about fish and that is about it! If this sounds like you, boy do we have an episode for you! When was the Devonian you ask? The Geologic Period of the Devonian Period is part of the Late Paleozoic Era that follows the Silurian Period and precedes the Carboniferous Period, spanning between about 419.2 million and 358.9 million years ago. The developments of the Earth system during the Early Devonian to Middle Permian interval record the dynamic interplay of its geo-, hydro-, bio-, and atmospheric systems. Most of the Devonian Period was a time of exceptionally high sea-level stand and inferred widespread equable climates, but glaciations occurred immediately before its end in the south polar areas of Gondwana (South America, Central, and South Africa). There is even evidence for contemporaneous mountain glaciers in tropical latitudes (in the Appalachians of eastern North America). The Early Devonian, really to the Middle Permian, 260 Ma, was an interval of major tectonic, climatic, oceanic, and biotic changes. The collision of Laurasia and Gondwana led to global-scale tectonic activity and the formation of the supercontinent Pangea, and the spread of vascular land plants resulted in a huge increase in organic carbon burial and atmospheric CO2 drawdown. There was a Late Paleozoic Ice Age (LPIA) that commenced with short-lived glaciations at the Frasnian-Famennian boundary (FFB) and the Devonian-Carboniferous boundary (DCB) that coincided with two first-order mass extinctions, although many minor biocrises also occurred during this interval. Most present-day continental areas and shelves were grouped in one hemisphere, creating a giant “Proto-Pacific” or Panthalassa Ocean, whose margins are poorly preserved in allochthonous terrains. Allochthonous just means sediment or rock that originated at a distance from its present position. And, following the tectonic events of the Caledonian Orogeny of Laurasia, many “Old Red Sandstone” terrestrial deposits formed. Sit back and enjoy as we stumble our way through all the difficult words and the world of the Devonian. Until next time remember to… Be Cool, Stay Tuned, and Keep It On The Rocks!! --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/geology-on-the-rocks/support

One of the most delightful palaeontologists to grace our Earth was José Fernando Bonaparte (14 June 1928 – 18 February 2020). He was an Argentinian paleontologist who you'll know as the discoverer of some of Argentina's iconic dinosaurs — Carnotaurus (the "Bull" dinosaur we've talked about in a previous episode), along with Amargasaurus, Abelisaurus, Argentinosaurus and Noasaurus. His first love was mammals and over the course of his career, he unearthed the remains of some of the first South American fossil mammals from the Mesozoic. Between 1975 and 1977, Bonaparte worked on excavation of the Saltasaurus dinosaur with Martín Vince and Juan C. Leal at the Estancia "El Brete." Bonaparte was interested in the anatomy of Saltasaurus, particularly the armored plates or osteoderms embedded in its skin. Based on this discovery, together with twenty examples of Kritosaurus australis and a lambeosaurine dinosaur found in South America, Bonaparte hypothesized that there had been a large-scale migration of species between the Americas at the end of the Mesozoic period. The supercontinent of Pangea split into Laurasia in the north and Gondwana in the south during the Jurassic. During the Cretaceous, South America pulled away from the rest of Gondwana. The division caused a divergence between northern biota and the southern biota, and the southern animals appear strange to those used to the more northerly fauna. Bonaparte's finds illustrate this divergence. His work is honoured in his moniker given to him by paleontologist Robert Bakker — "Master of the Mesozoic"

"People & Plants on the Move, Together" feat. Zach Elfers Zach Elfers was raised in the piedmont of the mid-Atlantic but has travelled widely around the lower 48. He is a student of the plants who has learned from mentors, elders, and most importantly, from living outside spending as much time as possible with the more-than-human world. His areas of interest include ancestral ways of subsisting, living, and knowing, and his work is focused on growing and promoting bioregional plants as food, medicine, and the foundations of our subsistence economies, rather than the imported and ecologically destructive colonial agriculture. In this episode, I am joined by co-host, Nikki Hill. Nikki has a degree in environmental science and has worked in restoration and agriculture. Currently she invests her energy in wildtending efforts. We co-authored a zine together called, "The Troubles of 'Invasive' Plants," which you can download for free at my blog: https://macskamoksha.com/2019/01/invasive-zine We discussed ecological concepts that are popular but flawed; the racist origins of anthropology; the forests of Laurasia and the Arcto-Tertiary Geoflora; prehistoric and pre-agricultural human relationships with edible plants; the Wilderness Act; anthropogenic fire; the question of whether fire is good or bad; disconnection from nature in mind and in reality; the conceit that science is absent of value judgments; and his nursery work. Future Forest Plants: https://www.futureforestplants.com/ Nomad Seed Project: https://www.nomadseed.com/ Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/heyzach Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/woodlandrambler/ Episode introduction music is "Mastermind 07" by DaveJF https://freesound.org/people/DaveJf/sounds/542200/ RADIO FREE SUNROOT: Podcasting by Kollibri terre Sonnenblume https://radiofreesunroot.com KOLLIBRI'S BLOG & BOOKSHOP: https://macskamoksha.com/ ONE-TIME DONATION: http://paypal.me/kollibri https://venmo.com/Kollibri KOLLIBRI'S PATREON: Get access to members-only content https://www.patreon.com/kollibri Support Voices for Nature & Peace by donating to their Tip Jar: https://tips.pinecast.com/jar/voices-for-nature-and-peace This podcast is powered by Pinecast. Try Pinecast for free, forever, no credit card required. If you decide to upgrade, use coupon code r-a50345 for 40% off for 4 months, and support Voices for Nature & Peace.

This week we jam with Laurasia Mattingly about the power of mindfulness and meditation. Following the loss of her mother, Laurasia began exploring her own spirituality as a means of working through her grief to find peace in the uncertainty of life. Laurasia shares with us how meditation can transform our lives. Join us as we explore how we, through mindfulness and meditation, can overcome our stress and free up the space for us to deepen our relationship with ourselves and our intuition. Find more on Laurasia on her website www.laurasiamattingly.com or on Instagram. You can grab a copy of her book here. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Learn about whether there’s such a thing as “single A” batteries; 5 surprising ways volunteering improves your physical health; and how duckbill dinosaurs may have crossed an ocean to reach Africa. Single-A batteries? by Ashley Hamer (Listener question from Julien and his son Phelix) Boolish, M., DeJager, J., O’Beirne, T., Runkles, R. (2002, November 21). A Brief History of the Standardization of Portable Cells and Batteries in the United States. American National Standards Institute Accredited Standards Committee C18 on Portable Cells and Batteries.  https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20120802183313/http://www.swe.com/admin/FILES/ANSI%20Battery%20Standardization%20History.pdf A Look at Cell Formats and How to Build a Good Battery – Battery University. (2013). BatteryUniversity.com. https://batteryuniversity.com/learn/article/a_look_at_cell_formats_and_how_to_build_a_good_battery  Linden, D., Reddy, T.B. (2002). Handbook of Batteries, Third Edition. McGraw Hill. http://dl.icdst.org/pdfs/files/b334382400c223631bea924f87b0a1ba.pdf  Lithium Batteries in All Sizes & Brand Names. (2020). Megabatteries.com. https://www.megabatteries.com/?cat1=31  5 Surprising Ways Volunteering Improves Your Physical Health by Joanie Faletto Poulin, Michael J. "Volunteering predicts health among those who value others: Two national studies." Health Psychology 33.2 (2014): 120. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Michael_Poulin/publication/236137739_Volunteering_Predicts_Health_Among_Those_Who_Value_Others_Two_National_Studies/links/00b495179591abfff5000000.pdf  Schroeder, D. A., Graziano, W. G., Piliavin, J. A., & Siegl, E. (2015). Health and Well-being Consequences of Formal Volunteering. The Oxford Handbook of Prosocial Behavior. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195399813.013.024  Schreier, H. M. C., Schonert-Reichl, K. A., & Chen, E. (2013). Effect of Volunteering on Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease in Adolescents. JAMA Pediatrics, 167(4), 327. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2013.1100  Okun, M. A., Yeung, E. W., & Brown, S. (2013). Volunteering by older adults and risk of mortality: A meta-analysis. Psychology and Aging, 28(2), 564–577. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0031519  Brown, W. M., Consedine, N.S., Magai, C. (2005) "Altruism relates to health in an ethnically diverse sample of older adults." The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences 60.3 : P143-P152. https://academic.oup.com/psychsocgerontology/article/60/3/P143/559390  Renter, E. (2015). What Generosity Does to Your Brain and Life Expectancy. US News & World Report; U.S. News & World Report. https://health.usnews.com/health-news/health-wellness/articles/2015/05/01/what-generosity-does-to-your-brain-and-life-expectancy  These duckbill dinos may have crossed an ocean to reach Africa by author Steffie Drucker McRae, M. (2020, November 10). The fossil of a duckbill dinosaur has been found on the “wrong” continent. Livescience.com; Live Science. https://www.livescience.com/duckbill-dinosaur-fossil-found-wrong-continent.html  ‌Goodyer, J., & Science, P. (2020, November 5). Duckbilled dinosaurs crossed oceans to reach Africa, fossil reveals. BBC Science Focus Magazine; BBC Science Focus Magazine. https://www.sciencefocus.com/news/duckbilled-dinosaurs-crossed-oceans-to-reach-africa-fossil-reveals/     ‌The first duckbill dinosaur fossil from Africa hints at how dinosaurs once crossed oceans. (2020). EurekAlert! https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2020-11/uob-tfd110420.php  ‌Longrich, Nicholas R., et al. "The first duckbill dinosaur (Hadrosauridae: Lambeosaurinae) from Africa and the role of oceanic dispersal in dinosaur biogeography." Cretaceous Research (2020): 104678. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2020.104678.  Cretaceous Period | Definition, Climate, Dinosaurs, & Map | Britannica. (2020). In Encyclopædia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/science/Cretaceous-Period  Episode about monkeys on rafts: https://www.curiositydaily.com/why-we-get-warning-fatigue-prehistoric-monkeys-crossed-the-atlantic-on-rafts-and-why-new-lovebirds-feel-so-familiar/ Subscribe to Curiosity Daily to learn something new every day with Cody Gough and Ashley Hamer. You can also listen to our podcast as part of your Alexa Flash Briefing; Amazon smart speakers users, click/tap “enable” here: https://www.amazon.com/Curiosity-com-Curiosity-Daily-from/dp/B07CP17DJY  See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Hallo ihr Lieben! Heute haben wir einen englischsprachigen Gast und es lohnt sich reinzuhören. Laurasia Mattingly gibt Meditations- und Achtsamkeits-Kurse in Hollywood. Sie ist kein selbsternannter Guru und hält nichts von Moralpredigten. Bis vor kurzem war auch Laurasia noch auf der Suche nach sich selbst, denn ihr Leben war nicht immer einfach: der frühe Tod ihrer Mutter, Partys und Alkohol um sich von Dingen abzulenken und jede Menge Boys. Sie erzählt auf authentische und positive Art über ihre Erfahrungen und teilt dabei fantastische Tipps für mehr Gelassenheit, Gesundheit und Glückseligkeit. Laurasia´s Motto: jeden Moment bewusst erleben! Das Schöne daran ist, dass wir alle jederzeit und überall genau dies üben können. #achtsamkeit #byebyegedankenkarussell und #ohlala denn um Sex Therapie geht es auch! https://laurasiamattingly.com/Today´s guest is the wonderful Laurasia Mattingly, a meditation and mindfulness teacher at the famous DEN Meditation studio in Hollywood.

Meditation is more important than ever as we navigate the monumental shifts of 2020! I’m so honored to bring you this episode with Laurasia Mattingly, meditation teacher, reiki master, & founder of The Sit Society. I love her brilliant Virgo mind & stunning aesthetic, it brings me so much peace! We explore the power of mindfulness & how it brings us peace, self-love, & equanimity amidst change & challenge. ✨We talk about: How meditation transformed Laurasia’s life The deep importance of mindfulness during the epic shifts of 2020How meditation heals anxiety, overwhelm, & disconnection The negativity bias in our brains + how to overcome itThe power of self-compassion Laurasia’s wisdom about healing after lossHow Laurasia launched a conscious business during quarantine Laurasia leads us through a magical 2-minute mindfulness practice! ***We dedicate this episode to the beautiful energy & legacy of the late Psalm Isadora. Resources: Check out the books we mentioned in the episode: Game Changers by Dave Asprey Word Up: Little Languaging Hacks for Big Change by Dani KatzHardwiring Happiness by Dr. Rick Hanson Love Hurts by Lodro Rinzler Follow Laurasia:https://laurasiamattingly.com/ @laurisamattingly Upcoming with NB ✨Want to step into Conscious Leadership & become a Self-Empowerment Coach with me? The waitlist is open for NBCC 2021: the Natalia Benson Coaching Certification: https://www.nataliabenson.com/new-page Heal, upshift, & empower your relationship with money! Opt-in for the Magical Women & Money Membership starts tomorrow, July 27th! https://www.nataliabenson.com/magical-women-membership-2 Magical Women and Money Course DiscountI am offering my signature Magical Women and Money Course for only $49! Enter Code UGOTTHIS at checkout and get $200 off: https://bit.ly/2WYBNyn Only available through 7/28/2020More magic at nataliabenson.com Stay in touch! @natalia_benson on Instagram Support the show (http://www.nataliabenson.com/shop)

....Geoeducator: So we've got an activity there that's actually a puzzle. So let me start at the beginning. Long time ago, back in the Triassic, which is very long time ago. We're talking, you know, 200 odd million years ago, there was a continent called Pangea. Now Pangea was the land masses of the world and then that separated up into two separate supercontinents. There's Laurasia, which is mostly the northern hemisphere continents of today (there are some exceptions of course), and Gondwana, which is mainly the southern continents (of course there are a couple of exceptions there as well). And so that broke up into those two continents, and New Zealand formed off the edge of Gondwana. So that's part of the southern continents. Now, Gondwana was in a different area on the globe than New Zealand is today. Now, Gondwana itself, then started to break up in the Jurassic. So round about 160 odd million years ago, it started to break up. And New Zealand then started to break away from Gondwana around about 80 million years ago. Now, you know, this took a very, very, very long time. So we're talking millions of years to break away and it's slowly opened up, scissor like, separating from Australia and Antarctica. And actually, interesting fact, Zealandia (which is the continent that New Zealand sits on) is only separated from Australia by a trough called the Cato trough, and it's only 25 kilometres across. Believe it or not. So pretty narrow when you're looking at the actual continental crust as opposed to what's sticking up above the land (sea). So this activity that we've got is all the different puzzle pieces, if you like, that make up Gondwana. So you can print it out, colour them and cut them at the edges of the continents and then try and piece them back together to get an idea of what Gondwana looked like. Have a go identifying the various countries that are there as well. How does it relate to the Geopark? Well, Gondwana is reflected in the Geopark through our basement rock. So we've got our greywackes (which is the Torlesse Terrane), and we've got our Otago schists, which I like to call, you know, the stripy metamorphic rocks. They are schists. And so they were formed before New Zealand broke away from Gondwana. And then all of our subsequent sediments and marine sediments terrestrial sediments, our fossils, all that were deposited after New Zealand broke away from Gondwana. So the GeoPark has this wonderful history that we've got recorded in the rocks and the landscape right from Gondwana time right through to the present day. What's happening now is we've got a lot of erosion happening, we've still got deposition happening in the rivers. So we've got this huge record right here to see. And when we travel around the Geopark at different sites, you're seeing different parts of that history. So in some areas you might see more recent, like the glaciation and some areas you'll see older, like the limestone or the volcanism. So you can get snapshots, different periods of time of our history that's linked to Gondwana. So cool activity, cool way to find out some new facts about our Geopark and how it links to the past right through to the present. Radio Announcer: And that's all on the website at www.whitestonegeopark.nz.....

Laurasia Mattingly sits down with me to talk about her journey into spirituality and how to help yourself heal through mindfulness and meditation. We discuss everything from what it truly means to come home to yourself to having compassion for all living beings.

Fascinan tanto a mayores como a pequeños: los dinosaurios. Para ello, viajamos al pasado, a la época en la que los continentes estaban reunidos en uno solo, hace millones de años. Y para hablarnos del tema, qué mejor que recibir en Escala en París a una de las paleontólogas que más sabe sobre este periodo: la argentina Julia Desojo. Julia Desojo es paleontóloga, investigadora del CONICET, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas y profesora en la Universidad de la Plata. Cuando era pequeña, le gustaban los cocodrilos, pero terminó dedicándose a los arcosaurios. Esta especie que dominaba Pangea en el Triásico. Un periodo de la existencia de la Tierra que no deja de fascinar "porque los dinosaurios fueron súper diversos y abundantes. Fueron los reyes 150 millones de años en toda esa Pangea, esa tierra. Fueron los más diversos, con cuatro patas, con dos patas, pequeños, grandes, herbívoros, carnívoros, totalmente los reyes”. Los orígenes de los dinosaurios La paleontóloga explica que los dinosaurios vivieron sobre todo en el periodo Jurásico y Cretácico. Pero el anterior, el Triásico, (desde hace 245 hasta 208 millones de años), del que ella es especialista, se originan todos los linajes de los vertebrados que llegan hasta nuestros días: las tortugas, los lagartos, los cocodrilos y también los primeros dinosaurios. Julia Desojo precisa que todo esto ocurrió en Pangea, un mega continente que se había formado en el paleozoico. "Sufre una extinción masiva de origen volcánico que afecta sobre todo a los animales marinos y al 70% de los continentales. En el periodo triásico, Pangea comienza a fragmentarse entre un continente sur que es Gondwana, formado por América del Sur, África e India, Australia, Antártida y Nueva Zelanda, y el continente del norte, Laurasia, formado por Europa, Asia y América del Norte. A finales del Triásico, la Pangea empieza a abrirse, incluso el Atlántico sur. No había polos, era un momento de 'greenhouse' (de efecto invernadero), una temperatura de 10 grados superior a la de ahora, con temperaturas de unos 40 grados. La formación de los polos es posterior”. Argentina, cuna de arcosaurios Si la paleontóloga ha podido especializarse en este periodo tan singular es porque tiene a los arcosaurios a domicilio. En Argentina, se encuentran los yacimientos más importantes del Triásico. “También hay en India, Estados Unidos, Marruecos, Sudáfrica y en Argentina y Brasil", nos dice. "En Argentina lo que pasa es que están descubiertos, no están cubiertos por vegetación como suele suceder en Brasil o por ciudades como ocurre en India. Nosotros tenemos preservados yacimientos de ese momento y tenemos la suerte también de tener las secuencias temporales completas. Por ejemplo, desde el Triásico inferior hasta el Triásico tardío. Los tenemos en dos grandes cuencas, en San Juan y la Rioja y luego en Mendoza, que son muy ricas a nivel faunístico”. Los primeros dinosaurios, los más antiguos como el Eoraptor o el Herrerosaurus provienen todos de Ischigualasto Villa Unión, en San Juan. El cambio climático tiene también efectos en el trabajo de Julia Desojo : "Nosotros vamos al campo y de un año al otro, el mismo lugar, empezamos a encontrar huesos que el año anterior no vimos, porque la misma erosión trabaja sobre el sedimento”.  ¿Jurassic Park o no Jurassic Park? No podíamos irnos sin preguntar a Julia Desojo si reactuar la película de Steven Spielberg era una buena idea: “No sé si la íbamos a pasar bien si los resucitamos porque fueron super dominantes y de hecho nosotros estamos acá probablemente porque ellos se extinguieron. Ellos se extinguieron a finales de la era mesozoica y es entonces cuando los mamíferos y las aves, que provienen de los dinosaurios y que ya se habían originado, pueden diversificarse y de hecho hoy los mamíferos ocupan todos esos nichos ecológicos en el ambiente terrestre que ocupaban los dinosaurios. Así que no sé si estaría bueno para nosotros tener a un Espinosaurio de 13 metros, carnívoro andando por aquí”. “Científicamente es un desafío, concluye. Actualmente no lo veo tan probable porque cuesta mucho preservar todas las cadenas de ADN, creo que la tecnología todavía no nos alcanza para eso ni las preservaciones son tan excepcionales pero uno nunca sabe”. Escala en París también está en Facebook. Un programa coordinado por Florencia Valdés, realizado por Souheil Khedir, Vanessa Loiseau y Fabien Mugneret.   

*In this episode :* * Saturn Return * Tarot and Emmas Upbringing * When life FLICKS you out of a timeline * Healing Mother Wounds * Family and Spirituality * Wounds from Childhood * Abusive relationships * Being triggered * Mental and Emotional Health * Listening to our inner voice * Surrendering to change * Tapping into what Spirit has planned for us * Letting go of expectation * Being in the flow * Embracing what IS Mexico Yoga/Meditation + Boxing Retreat With Gab, Laurasia and Louis! ( https://www.revampretreats.com/events/warrior ) Brooke and Kori will guide you through the process of signing up! *Join Gab, Laurasia & Louis in Mexico, where the lush jungle meets the emerald ocean, to cultivate the warrior within. During this five day awakening retreat, we will meditate and learn the compassionate inner warrior practice, while embodying the outer warrior, by gaining physical strength and empowerment through boxing.* *Links:* Emma's IG ( https://www.instagram.com/evolvewithemma/ ) Emma's Easy for Readings ( https://www.etsy.com/shop/readingsbyemma555 ) Gabs Youtube Video : "My First Float Tank Experience" ( https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t67r82267ak ) *Support the podcast:* *My NEW COURSE !* Modern Meditations is now AVAILABLE! limited quantity available. *CLICK HERE to check it out!* ( https://www.etsy.com/listing/745526053/modern-meditations-a-series-of-guided?ref=listing_published_alert ) Use Code *Mercuryretrograde* for a discount through February! *Fusion CBD* ( https://www.fusioncbd.com ) use coupon code *gypsylove* for *10% off* your first order + spend $100 or more get FREE shipping + choose a FREE hemp soap or mint at checkout. Blue Ridge Hemp Company ( https://blueridgehempco.com ) *Use Code Gypsylove* *Columbus Botanical Depot* ( https://cbdhemphealth.com ) *use discount code : CBD10* Tonic CBD Website ( https://www.tonicvibes.com ) Use code *Gypsylove* for a discount Tonic CBD Instagram ( https://www.instagram.com/tonic_cbd/ ) Freshcap Mushroom powders ( https://freshcapmushrooms.com ) Gab uses these in her coffees, teas, and smoothies Thoughtcloud CBD ( https://www.instagram.com/thoughtcl0ud/ ) Use code *GYPSYLOVEFLOW* for a discount *EVEN on SALE items!!* Thoughtcloud Website ( https://thoughtcloud.net ) Sunbright CBD ( https://www.instagram.com/sunbright_cbd/ ) Sunbright CBD Website ( https://sunbrightcbd.com ) Use code *Gypsylove* for a discount Foursigmatic Mushroom Powders ( http://www.us.foursigmatic.com/#_a_gypsylove%20 ) *Use the above link for a discount !* *To support this podcast:* *you can shop cool items from supplements to spiritual goodies through* *Gabs Amazon Store* ( https://www.amazon.com/shop/gypsyloveflow ) To get in touch with Gab Gabs Instagram ( https://www.instagram.com/gypsyloveflow/ ) Email your questions and longer messages to her email at *Gabbcohen@gmail.com* ( Gabbcohen@gmail.com ) *SUPPORT THE PODCAST =)* *Shop Gabs personal Amazon Store* ( https://www.amazon.com/shop/gypsyloveflow ) *where she has specially curated a variety of rad lists for your easy showing needs. From books, to spiritual swag, to home decor.* If you would like to personally support Gab with the funds of this podcast, *you can donate to her* *Venmo* ( https://venmo.com/Gab-Cohen ) *or ZELLE -* *gabbcohen@gmail.com* ( gabbcohen@gmail.com ) ** ** To support this podcast, you can donate to Gabs GoFundMe ( https://www.gofundme.com/helpgabshealing ) *This podcast is a one woman show,* everything you see and read, is created, edited, and paid for by Gab Cohen. If you would like to help her podcast thrive, please: * *SUBSCRIBE!* -By subscribing to your favorite podcasts, they will automatically be saved in your library, so when a new episode comes out, there is no need to search! * * * *RATE!-* Please leave a Rating so that this podcast can truly thrive and be seen at a larger scale! * * * *LEAVE A REVIEW!* Reviews are the most important part of a thriving podcast! and since this is a newer podcast, reviews are what keeps the fire going! If you leave a review, take a screen shot and tag *@* *gypsyloveflow* ( https://www.instagram.com/gypsyloveflow/ ) so Gab can see and she will show you some LOVE on your IG account. * * * *SHARE WITH A FRIEND/ FAMILY MEMBER!* Sharing is caring. The more we share podcasts that we love, the more healing and good vibes are spread to people who need it the most. Support this podcast at — https://redcircle.com/the-vibe-within/donations Advertising Inquiries: https://redcircle.com/brands Privacy & Opt-Out: https://redcircle.com/privacy

*In this episode :* * I dive deep into the part of depression that people don't talk about * What the depression voice sounds like * The lies and the stories that depression will tell us * Getting UN STUCK. * Spiritual awakening vs Depression and how they are similar * Waking up to our personalities * Self Sabotage * How to navigate out of a negative head space and what has helped me in my experience * Masks we wear as a person who is suffering with mental illness * 2020 focusing on Health and Mental Wellness * Manifesting what we desire doesn't mean shit if we have  poor physical health. Mexico Yoga/Meditation + Boxing Retreat With Gab, Laurasia and Louis! ( https://www.revampretreats.com/events/warrior ) Brooke and Kori will guide you through the process of signing up! *Join Gab, Laurasia & Louis in Mexico, where the lush jungle meets the emerald ocean, to cultivate the warrior within. During this five day awakening retreat, we will meditate and learn the compassionate inner warrior practice, while embodying the outer warrior, by gaining physical strength and empowerment through boxing.* *Links:* Gabs Youtube Video : "My First Float Tank Experience" ( https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t67r82267ak ) *Support the podcast:* *My NEW COURSE !* Modern Meditations is now AVAILABLE! limited quantity available. *CLICK HERE to check it out!* ( https://www.etsy.com/listing/745526053/modern-meditations-a-series-of-guided?ref=listing_published_alert ) Use Code *Mercuryretrograde* for a discount through February! *Fusion CBD* ( https://www.fusioncbd.com ) use coupon code *gypsylove* for *10% off* your first order + spend $100 or more get FREE shipping + choose a FREE hemp soap or mint at checkout. Blue Ridge Hemp Company ( https://blueridgehempco.com ) *Use Code Gypsylove* *Columbus Botanical Depot ( https://cbdhemphealth.com )* *use discount code : CBD10* Tonic CBD Website ( https://www.tonicvibes.com ) Use code *Gypsylove* for a discount Tonic CBD Instagram ( https://www.instagram.com/tonic_cbd/ ) Freshcap Mushroom powders ( https://freshcapmushrooms.com ) Gab uses these in her coffees, teas, and smoothies Thoughtcloud CBD ( https://www.instagram.com/thoughtcl0ud/ ) Use code *GYPSYLOVEFLOW* for a discount *EVEN on SALE items!!* Thoughtcloud Website ( https://thoughtcloud.net ) Sunbright CBD ( https://www.instagram.com/sunbright_cbd/ ) Sunbright CBD Website ( https://sunbrightcbd.com ) Use code *Gypsylove* for a discount Foursigmatic Mushroom Powders ( http://www.us.foursigmatic.com/#_a_gypsylove%20 ) *Use the above link for a discount !* *To support this podcast:* *you can shop cool items from supplements to spiritual goodies through Gabs Amazon Store ( https://www.amazon.com/shop/gypsyloveflow )* To get in touch with Gab Gabs Instagram ( https://www.instagram.com/gypsyloveflow/ ) Email your questions and longer messages to her email at *Gabbcohen@gmail.com* *SUPPORT THE PODCAST =)* *Shop Gabs personal Amazon Store ( https://www.amazon.com/shop/gypsyloveflow ) where she has specially curated a variety of rad lists for your easy showing needs.  From books, to spiritual swag, to home decor.* If you would like to personally support Gab with the funds of this podcast, *you can donate to her* *Venmo* ( https://venmo.com/Gab-Cohen ) *or ZELLE - gabbcohen@gmail.com * To support this podcast, you can donate to Gabs GoFundMe ( https://www.gofundme.com/helpgabshealing ) *This podcast is a one woman show,* everything you see and read, is created, edited, and paid for by Gab Cohen.  If you would like to help her podcast thrive, please: * *SUBSCRIBE!* -By subscribing to your favorite podcasts, they will automatically be saved in your library, so when a new episode comes out, there is no need to search! * *RATE!-* Please leave a Rating so that this podcast can truly thrive and be seen at a larger scale! * *LEAVE A REVIEW!* Reviews are the most important part of a thriving podcast! and since this is a newer podcast, reviews are what keeps the fire going! If you leave a review, take a screen shot and tag *@ gypsyloveflow ( https://www.instagram.com/gypsyloveflow/ )* so Gab can see and she will show you some LOVE on your IG account. * *SHARE WITH A FRIEND/ FAMILY MEMBER!* Sharing is caring. The more we share podcasts that we love, the more healing and good vibes are spread to people who need it the most. Support this podcast at — https://redcircle.com/the-vibe-within/donations Advertising Inquiries: https://redcircle.com/brands Privacy & Opt-Out: https://redcircle.com/privacy

*In this episode :* * The last time I saw the girls at their event in Miami * Slowing Down + Creating space to attract more + Listening to intuition * Analyzing their business and when to say Yes and No * Checking in with overwhelm * Depression and Anxiety as a child and adult * How men don't express themselves * Therapy and Lindsey's fave style of therapy * Drinking + leaning into a more soberish lifestyle * The masks we wear in friendship and relationships with alcohol * How to evolve with your family * Healing the mother wound * the different realities of life. moving and stepping stones * synchronicities and how Krista and Lindsey met * Meditation and Breathing Mexico Yoga/Meditation + Boxing Retreat With Gab, Laurasia and Louis! ( https://www.revampretreats.com/events/warrior ) Brooke and Kori will guide you through the process of signing up! *Join Gab, Laurasia & Louis in Mexico, where the lush jungle meets the emerald ocean, to cultivate the warrior within. During this five day awakening retreat, we will meditate and learn the compassionate inner warrior practice, while embodying the outer warrior, by gaining physical strength and empowerment through boxing.* *Links:* Almost 30 Website ( WEBSITE ) *Social media:* Almost 30 Instagram ( https://www.instagram.com/almost30podcast/ ) Kristas IG ( https://www.instagram.com/itskrista/ ) Lindseys IG ( https://www.instagram.com/lindseysimcik/ ) Your podcast pro ( https://www.yourpodcastpro.com/ ) Gabs Youtube Video : "My First Float Tank Experience" ( https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t67r82267ak ) *Support the podcast:* *My NEW COURSE !* Modern Meditations is now AVAILABLE! limited quantity available. *CLICK HERE to check it out!* ( https://www.etsy.com/listing/745526053/modern-meditations-a-series-of-guided?ref=listing_published_alert ) Use Code *Mercuryretrograde* for a discount through February! *Fusion CBD* ( https://www.fusioncbd.com ) use coupon code *gypsylove* for *10% off* your first order + spend $100 or more get FREE shipping + choose a FREE hemp soap or mint at checkout. Blue Ridge Hemp Company ( https://blueridgehempco.com ) *Use Code Gypsylove* *Columbus Botanical Depot* ( https://cbdhemphealth.com ) *use discount code : CBD10* Tonic CBD Website ( https://www.tonicvibes.com ) Use code *Gypsylove* for a discount Tonic CBD Instagram ( https://www.instagram.com/tonic_cbd/ ) Freshcap Mushroom powders ( https://freshcapmushrooms.com ) Gab uses these in her coffees, teas, and smoothies Thoughtcloud CBD ( https://www.instagram.com/thoughtcl0ud/ ) Use code *GYPSYLOVEFLOW* for a discount *EVEN on SALE items!!* Thoughtcloud Website ( https://thoughtcloud.net ) Sunbright CBD ( https://www.instagram.com/sunbright_cbd/ ) Sunbright CBD Website ( https://sunbrightcbd.com ) Use code *Gypsylove* for a discount Foursigmatic Mushroom Powders ( http://www.us.foursigmatic.com/#_a_gypsylove%20 ) *Use the above link for a discount !* *To support this podcast:* *you can shop cool items from supplements to spiritual goodies through* *Gabs Amazon Store* ( https://www.amazon.com/shop/gypsyloveflow ) To get in touch with Gab Gabs Instagram ( https://www.instagram.com/gypsyloveflow/ ) Email your questions and longer messages to her email at *Gabbcohen@gmail.com* ( Gabbcohen@gmail.com ) *SUPPORT THE PODCAST =)* *Shop Gabs personal Amazon Store* ( https://www.amazon.com/shop/gypsyloveflow ) *where she has specially curated a variety of rad lists for your easy showing needs. From books, to spiritual swag, to home decor.* If you would like to personally support Gab with the funds of this podcast, *you can donate to her* *Venmo* ( https://venmo.com/Gab-Cohen ) *or ZELLE -* *gabbcohen@gmail.com* ( gabbcohen@gmail.com ) ** ** To support this podcast, you can donate to Gabs GoFundMe ( https://www.gofundme.com/helpgabshealing ) *This podcast is a one woman show,* everything you see and read, is created, edited, and paid for by Gab Cohen. If you would like to help her podcast thrive, please: * *SUBSCRIBE!* -By subscribing to your favorite podcasts, they will automatically be saved in your library, so when a new episode comes out, there is no need to search! * *RATE!-* Please leave a Rating so that this podcast can truly thrive and be seen at a larger scale! * *LEAVE A REVIEW!* Reviews are the most important part of a thriving podcast! and since this is a newer podcast, reviews are what keeps the fire going! If you leave a review, take a screen shot and tag *@* *gypsyloveflow* ( https://www.instagram.com/gypsyloveflow/ ) so Gab can see and she will show you some LOVE on your IG account. * *SHARE WITH A FRIEND/ FAMILY MEMBER!* Sharing is caring. The more we share podcasts that we love, the more healing and good vibes are spread to people who need it the most. Support this podcast at — https://redcircle.com/the-vibe-within/donations Advertising Inquiries: https://redcircle.com/brands Privacy & Opt-Out: https://redcircle.com/privacy

Coronavirus, preguntas y respuestas. Os contamos la truculenta historia de Mary Tifoidea y sus aportaciones a la ciencia. Además, entrevistamos a Lola González, directora de la Feria Genera, sobre las energías renovables más punteras y nos acercamos a dos proyectos tecnológicos europeos que buscan reducir la huella ecológica de las ciudades y contener el calentamiento global, para terminar sumergiéndonos en un ecosistema marino lleno de burbujas. TITULAR 1: El 76% de los españoles han cambiado sus hábitos para luchar contra el cambio climático España ocupa el octavo puesto mundial en el ranking de países donde sus ciudadanos han realizado cambios en su día a día para ser más responsables con el medio ambiente. Los países donde menos habitantes admiten haber hecho alguna modificación en su forma de consumir son Japón, Estados Unidos, Países Bajos y Rusia. Cifras de un estudio de Ipsos y el Foro Económico Mundial. TITULAR 2: Una única tortuga primitiva resistió a la extinción masiva en el hemisferio norte Hace 66 millones de años, en las tierras emergidas de Laurasia –en la actualidad, el hemisferio norte–, una tortuga terrestre primitiva de unos 60 cm logró sobrevivir al evento que mató a los dinosaurios. Fue la única en lograrlo en esta zona del mundo, según confirma un paleontólogo español que ha analizado sus peculiares fósiles hallados en Francia. TITULAR 3; Atlántico y Mediterráneo intercambian masas de agua acidificadas Un equipo de científicos del CSIC confirma la alta concentración de CO2 de origen humano en masas de agua intercambiadas en el estrecho de Gibraltar. El estudio revela que el océano Atlántico es muy vulnerable a la acidificación y que algunas masas de agua del Mediterráneo acumulan altos niveles de dióxido de carbono. TITULAR 4:  El mapa más completo del genoma del cáncer abre la puerta a su detección preventiva La revista Nature ha publicado 23 estudios sobre el genoma del cáncer. Entre los resultados se describe el catálogo de 38 tipos de tumor y la identificación de mutaciones años antes de que se produzca la enfermedad, lo que apunta hacia mejores diagnósticos y tratamientos. España ha formado parte de este proyecto. TITULAR 5: Obtienen por primera vez en España niobio y tántalo, el oro negro de los teléfonos móviles Un equipo liderado por el CSIC ha desarrollado un procedimiento para recuperar estaño de una mina de la provincia de Orense y extraer, de la escoria resultante, dos de los metales que más valora la industria tecnológica por sus propiedades químicas: niobio y tántalo. Se trata de los primeros compuestos de esas materias primas sintetizados en España en la primera y única mina para su extracción de toda Europa. TITULAR 6: El entorno de Orce fue el ‘Silicon Valley' de la Prehistoria Los últimos estudios sobre los yacimientos de Orce, en Granada, desvelan que los primeros pobladores del continente europeo, hace 1,4 millones años, desarrollaron técnicas innovadoras que no se volvieron a utilizar hasta 400.000 años después. En concreto, unas piedras talladas, 'futuristas' para la época, denominadas esferoides.

Fascinan tanto a mayores como a pequeños: los dinosaurios. Para ello, viajamos al pasado, a la época en la que los continentes estaban reunidos en uno solo, hace millones de años. Y para hablarnos del tema, qué mejor que recibir en Escala en París a una de las paleontólogas que más sabe sobre este periodo: la argentina Julia Desojo. Julia Desojo es paleontóloga, investigadora del CONICET, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas y profesora en la Universidad de la Plata. Cuando era pequeña, le gustaban los cocodrilos, pero terminó dedicándose a los arcosaurios. Esta especie que dominaba Pangea en el Triásico. Un periodo de la existencia de la Tierra que no deja de fascinar "porque los dinosaurios fueron súper diversos y abundantes. Fueron los reyes 150 millones de años en toda esa Pangea, esa tierra. Fueron los más diversos, con cuatro patas, con dos patas, pequeños, grandes, herbívoros, carnívoros, totalmente los reyes”. Los orígenes de los dinosaurios La paleontóloga explica que los dinosaurios vivieron sobre todo en el periodo Jurásico y Cretácico. Pero el anterior, el Triásico, (desde hace 245 hasta 208 millones de años), del que ella es especialista, se originan todos los linajes de los vertebrados que llegan hasta nuestros días: las tortugas, los lagartos, los cocodrilos y también los primeros dinosaurios. Julia Desojo precisa que todo esto ocurrió en Pangea, un mega continente que se había formado en el paleozoico. "Sufre una extinción masiva de origen volcánico que afecta sobre todo a los animales marinos y al 70% de los continentales. En el periodo triásico, Pangea comienza a fragmentarse entre un continente sur que es Gondwana, formado por América del Sur, África e India, Australia, Antártida y Nueva Zelanda, y el continente del norte, Laurasia, formado por Europa, Asia y América del Norte. A finales del Triásico, la Pangea empieza a abrirse, incluso el Atlántico sur. No había polos, era un momento de 'greenhouse' (de efecto invernadero), una temperatura de 10 grados superior a la de ahora, con temperaturas de unos 40 grados. La formación de los polos es posterior”.Argentina, cuna de arcosaurios Si la paleontóloga ha podido especializarse en este periodo tan singular es porque tiene a los arcosaurios a domicilio. En Argentina, se encuentran los yacimientos más importantes del Triásico. “También hay en India, Estados Unidos, Marruecos, Sudáfrica y en Argentina y Brasil", nos dice. "En Argentina lo que pasa es que están descubiertos, no están cubiertos por vegetación como suele suceder en Brasil o por ciudades como ocurre en India. Nosotros tenemos preservados yacimientos de ese momento y tenemos la suerte también de tener las secuencias temporales completas. Por ejemplo, desde el Triásico inferior hasta el Triásico tardío. Los tenemos en dos grandes cuencas, en San Juan y la Rioja y luego en Mendoza, que son muy ricas a nivel faunístico”. Los primeros dinosaurios, los más antiguos como el Eoraptor o el Herrerosaurus provienen todos de Ischigualasto Villa Unión, en San Juan. El cambio climático tiene también efectos en el trabajo de Julia Desojo : "Nosotros vamos al campo y de un año al otro, el mismo lugar, empezamos a encontrar huesos que el año anterior no vimos, porque la misma erosión trabaja sobre el sedimento”. ¿Jurassic Park o no Jurassic Park?No podíamos irnos sin preguntar a Julia Desojo si reactuar la película de Steven Spielberg era una buena idea: “No sé si la íbamos a pasar bien si los resucitamos porque fueron super dominantes y de hecho nosotros estamos acá probablemente porque ellos se extinguieron. Ellos se extinguieron a finales de la era mesozoica y es entonces cuando los mamíferos y las aves, que provienen de los dinosaurios y que ya se habían originado, pueden diversificarse y de hecho hoy los mamíferos ocupan todos esos nichos ecológicos en el ambiente terrestre que ocupaban los dinosaurios. Así que no sé si estaría bueno para nosotros tener a un Espinosaurio de 13 metros, carnívoro andando por aquí”. “Científicamente es un desafío, concluye. Actualmente no lo veo tan probable porque cuesta mucho preservar todas las cadenas de ADN, creo que la tecnología todavía no nos alcanza para eso ni las preservaciones son tan excepcionales pero uno nunca sabe”.Escala en París también está en Facebook. Un programa coordinado por Florencia Valdés, realizado por Souheil Khedir, Vanessa Loiseau y Fabien Mugneret.  

Tuesday Breakfast August 21st7.00 am  Acknowledgement of Country7.05 am  News headlines  7.15 am  Rena and Katie join us in the studio from Empowered Together, a consent education program for schools. We discuss how to have conversations around consent with young people, the role of social media and what needs to change to address the prevalence of sexual assault  7.30 am   Hang Do, chairperson of Open Table, joins us to talk about Open Table's initiative to combat food waste, food insecurity, and a lack of community connection in suburbs around Melbourne.  7.45 am  Charlotte Laurasia Raymond, a Melbourne poet who uses poetry to explore identity, joins us to talk about her work and her upcoming appearance at the Melbourne Writer's Festival's 'Sunday Salon'.8.00 am  Alternative news: The team discusses a recent episode of ABC's Q&A, screening on 20 August 2018, and the implications of frank conversations about race on mainstream television.  Songsartist: Tirzahsong: Devotion (feat. Coby Sey)artist: Janelle Monae song: Django Janeartist: M.I.A song: Bad Girls artist: Bic Runga song: Sway artist: The Clashsong: I Fought The Law

0:00:00 Introduction Richard Saunders 0:06:40 Interview with Dr Pamela Gay We find out how Dr Pamela Gay and you can help NASA analyze more than 1.5 million images taken by astronauts on the International Space Station! They need your help analyzing these images – this is a task only a human like you can accomplish. Please join them in enhancing NASA’s extensive catalogue of astronaut images that can be used for science and enjoyed for their beauty. https://cosmoquest.org/x/beta/ 0:23:14 SHONKY Awards CHOICE's annual awards name and shame the shonkiest products and companies taking advantage of Australian consumers. - SHONKY: (adjective) Australian slang meaning "unreliable, unsound, dishonest, poor or of dubious quality; shoddy". https://www.choice.com.au/shonky-awards 0:30:55 Maynard's spooky action... at a distance Billie and the Dinosaurs Interviews with Tim Ferguson, Geoff and David Willis Three hundred million years ago, the world of the dinosaurs was called Pangea - a landmass that covered half the Earth until it broke into two supercontinents - Laurasia and Gondwanaland, which then broke into even more pieces, the largest of which was the island continent of Australia. Then, a great asteroid smashed into the Earth. And this started the Ice Age! And just like that, the dinosaurs were gone. Extinct. At least that’s what Mrs Chalkmore taught her Year 4 class; and only one of her students knew that she was completely and utterly wrong - a girl called Billie. http://www.billieandthedinosaurs.com 0:40:07 A Grain of Salt with Eran Segev This week Eran chats to Massimo Polidoro and James Randi at the European Skeptics Congress. 0:45:50 Susan Gerbic on tour in Germany Susan chats to Holm Gero Hümmler who has been active in the German skeptics' group GWUP since 1990s. He was a regional spokesman and convenor for the Frankfurt area. For several years he was an editor of The Skeptiker magazine http://guerrillaskepticismonwikipedia.blogspot.com.au Also... Australian Skeptics - Late night radio segment with Mike Williams http://www.2gb.com/podcast/richard-saunders-from-australian-skeptics-society/ Australian Skeptics - Breakfast with John Stanley and Garry Linnell https://www.talkinglifestyle.com.au/?s=skeptics Maynard and Bunga Bunga http://www.maynard.com.au CSI Con - Las Vagas http://csiconference.org QED - Manchester http:https://www.talkinglifestyle.com.au/?s=skepticss//www.qedcon.org QED - Skepticamp Manchester http://www.skepticamp.co.uk SITP Organiser Survey - http://glasgowskeptics.com/sitp Skepticon Sydney http://www.skeptics.com.au

This episode discusses Chapter XIV where Darwin applies his ideas of evolution and descent with modification to explain the developing "natural system" of classification, the unity of embryos and why organisms have rudimentary or vestigial organs.  Classification From the most remote period in the history of the world organic beings have been found to resemble each other in descending degrees, so that they can be classed in groups under groups. This classification is not arbitrary like the grouping of the stars in constellations. The existence of groups would have been of simple significance, if one group had been exclusively fitted to inhabit the land, and another the water; one to feed on flesh, another on vegetable matter, and so on; but the case is widely different, for it is notorious how commonly members of even the same sub-group have different habits.Cuvier in 1817 proposed a system of classification that recognized animals as belonging to one of four forms  - Vertebrata, Mollusca, Articulata (arthropods) and radially shaped animals (Radiata). image from http://www.buffalolib.org/content/milestones-science/georges-cuvierDarwin argues that the hierarchical system of classification mirrors his idea that new species formation mirrors the pattern of inheritance and genealogy we see in family tree.   A nice example is the phylogeny of placental mammals, those are mammals different from marsupial mammals (kangaroos, opossums, etc.) and monotremes (egg laying mammals like platypus)  in that they retain the embryo internally in a placental sac where they feed and protect the developing embryo. Placental mammals represent the majority of extant species of mammals today and seem to have evolved from three major geographical locations - Africa, Laurasia and South America. This is a a beautiful artistic representation of the placental mammal phylogenetic tree.http://eurwentala.deviantart.com/art/Eutheria-345487389A comparison of early development of placental mammals from the Afrotheria clade (left most branch) shows similarities and divergences in the different types of mammals. [A.. Tenrec [tenrecoidea], B. Golden mole [Chrysochloridae] C. Elephant shrew [Macroscelididae] D. aardvark [Tubulidentata] E. Bush elephant [Proboscidae] F. dugong [Sirenia] G. hyrax [Hyracoidea] Image from Hautier, Lionel, et al. "Patterns of ossification in southern versus northern placental mammals." Evolution 67.7 (2013): 1994-2010.Modern phylogeny and classification is based on Darwin's ideas of descent with modification and we now use DNA, RNA, and protein sequences to expand and improve our understanding of the relatedness of organismsEmbryology We have seen that the members of the same class, independently of their habits of life, resemble each other in the general plan of their organisation. This resemblance is often expressed by the term "unity of type;" or by saying that the several parts and organs in the different species of the class are homologous. The whole subject is included under the general term of Morphology. This is one of the most interesting departments of natural history, and may almost be said to be its very soul. What can be more curious than that the hand of a man, formed for grasping, that of a mole for digging, the leg of the horse, the paddle of the porpoise, and the wing of the bat, should all be constructed on the same pattern, and should include similar bones, in the same relative positions? Homologous bone structure of tetrapod limbsJames attempted to differentiate homologous structures from analogous structures but showed how complicated it can be when discussing flying adaptations in mammals. As you can see in the figure above, the limbs of birds, bats, humans, seals and turtles contain the same bones in the same configuration making them homologous in morphology. What changes in the relative size to each other not their relative position. In vertebrates, the evolution of powered flight occurred independently three times - in Pterosaurs (reptiles), bats (mammals), and birds (again reptiles) so their wings are functionally analogoussince they are wings constructed of different specific materials. James erroneously said that the pterodactyl wing was from a super elongated index finger but in fact it is the 4th digit what we associate with the pinky finger.  We colored the figure below of a pterodactyl wing to conform to the color legend in the figure above. Embryology Earnst Haeckel was a famous scientist in Darwin's time who applied Darwin's idea of the evolution of organisms in his studies of the embryonic stages of chordatesAs Sarah mentioned this set of illustrations were updated but the overall conclusion does not differ. Follow this link to read a wonderful summary of the Haeckel embryo controversy with modern drawings and interpretation. Overall embryo development does show that chordates exhibit very similar and distinct stages of development whereas the adult forms can be quite different in form.Rudimentary Organs Humans exhibit a number of traits, that we see in other mammals, but are degraded or rudimentary in their form. Some classic examples we discussed were the coccyx (tail bone), wisdom teeth and appendix but failed to mention the degrading nictating membrane in the corner of our eyes. In other chordates it is semitransparent film that can over the eye to clean and protect it. Ours is reduced to a little nubbin in the corner of our eye.http://www.bio.miami.edu/dana/pix/nictitans.jpgThe opening and closing theme to Discovering Darwin is "May" by Jared C. Balogh. http://freemusicarchive.org/music/Balogh/Revitalized_Eyes/MAY interlude music is Otrov by Black Bear Combo http://freemusicarchive.org/music/Black_Bear_Combo/

Bereits zu Beginn des 20. Jahrhunderts entwickelte Alfred Wegener seine allgemein bekannte Rekonstruktion der Kontinente, indem er die Fragmente kontinentaler Kruste durch Schließung der großen Ozeane entlang ihrer heutigen Küstenlinien zusammenfügte, so dass alle Kontinente zu einer Landmasse vereint waren. Den resultierenden Superkontinent nannte er "Pangäa" (Wegener, 1920). In dieser Rekonstruktion liegen sich Nord- und Südamerika gegenüber und Nordwestafrika grenzt an die Südostküste Nordamerikas. Lange Zeit nahm man an, dass die Paläogeographie dieses Superkontinents sich im Laufe seiner Existenz nicht bedeutend verändert hat, sondern dass die Kontinente sich im Jura im Wesentlichen aus der gleichen Konfiguration heraus voneinander gelöst haben, zu der sie sich ursprünglich im Paläozoikum zusammengefunden hatten. In der Tat gibt es vielfältige geologische, paläontologische und geophysikalische Hinweise dafür, dass Wegeners Pangäa-Konfiguration von der späten Trias bis in den frühen Jura Bestand hatte. In den späten Fünfzigerjahren des vergangenen Jahrhunderts entwickelte sich mit der Paläomagnetik eine Methode, die es ermöglicht, die Bewegungen der Kontinente über das Alter des ältesten bekannten Ozeanbodens hinaus zu rekonstruieren. Aufgrund des Dipolcharakters des Erdmagnetfeldes gilt das jedoch nur für die Rekonstruktion von paläogeographischen Breitenlagen, die Lage bezüglich der Längengrade kann mit Hilfe des Erdmagnetfeldes nicht eindeutig bestimmt werden. Eine nicht unerhebliche Anzahl paläomagnetischer Studien hat gezeigt, dass Wegeners Pangäarekonstruktion, auch Pangäa A genannt, mit globalen paläomagnetischen Daten in prä-triassischer Zeit nicht kompatibel ist. Zwingt man die Nord- und Südkontinente Pangäas, Laurasia und Gondwana für diese Zeit in die Pangäa A Konfiguration, so ergibt die auf paläomagnetischen Daten basierende paläogeographische Rekonstruktion ein signifikantes Überlappen kontinentaler Krustenanteile (siehe z. B. Van der Voo (1993); Muttoni et al. (1996, 2003) und darin zitierte Werke). Ein solches Überlappen lässt sich jedoch mit grundlegenden geologischen Prinzipien nicht vereinen. Im Lauf der Jahrzehnte wurden vielfältige alternative prä-triassische paläogeographische Pangäarekonstruktionen erstellt, die im Einklang mit den paläomagnetischen Daten sind. Der Hauptunterschied im Vergleich dieser Rekonstruktionen zur klassischen Pangäa A Konfiguration liegt in der Lage der Südkontinente relativ zu den Nordkontinenten. Um den kontinentalen Überlapp zu vermeiden, werden die Südkontinente unter Beibehaltung ihrer Breitenlage um ca. 30 Längengrade relativ zu den Nordkontinenten weiter im Osten platziert, so dass Nordwestafrika gegenüber Europa zu liegen kommt (Pangäa B, Irving (1977)). Da - wie erwähnt - der Dipolcharakter des Erdmagnetfeldes keine Aussagen über die Position der Kontinente bezüglich der Längengrade zulässt, ist dies mit den paläomagnetischen Daten vereinbar. Die alternativen Konfigurationen müssen jedoch alle vor dem Auseinanderbrechen Pangäas im Jura wieder in die für diesen Zeitraum allgemein akzeptierte Wegener-Konfiguration zurückgeführt werden. Dies geschieht - wiederum im Einklang mit den paläomagnetischen Daten - unter Beibehaltung der Breitenlage der Kontinente entlang einer postulierten kontinentalen dextralen Scherzone. Der Versatz von 2000 bis 3000 km fand laut Muttoni et al. (2003) in einem Zeitraum von ca. 20 Ma im frühen Perm statt. Dadurch ergibt sich eine entsprechend hohe Versatzrate von 10 bis 15 cm/a. Diese Arbeit befasst sich im Rahmen mehrerer paläomagnetischer Studien mit der Suche nach dieser großen Scherzone, deren Existenz seit Jahrzehnten umstritten ist. Der große Versatz wurde vermutlich von mehreren Störungssegmenten aufgenommen, die eine mehrere hundert Kilometer breite diffuse und segmentierte Scherzone bildeten. Paläogeographische Rekonstruktionen legen nahe, dass die Scherzone unter Anderem den Bereich des heutigen Mittelmeerraumes umfasst hat (Arthaud and Matte, 1977). Die Tizi-N'-Test-Verwerfung und ihre westliche Fortsetzung, die Süd-Atlas-Störung, sowie Verwerfungen entlang der nördlichen Pyrenäen und innerhalb des Armorikanischen Massivs (Bretagne) bilden demnach die Hauptblattverschiebungssysteme, die die Scherzone begrenzen. Krustenblöcke, die in entsprechend großen Störungssystemen liegen, können um vertikale Achsen rotieren (Nelson and Jones (1987) und darin zitierte Werke). Diese Rotationen können mit Hilfe der Paläomagnetik quantifiziert werden. Kapitel 1 leitet in die vorstehend beschriebene Problematik ausführlich ein und beleuchtet insbesondere die einzelnen Abschnitte dieser Arbeit. Somit wird deutlich, wie die Ergebnisse der Studien, aus denen sich die vorliegende Arbeit zusammensetzt, aufeinander aufbauen und einen konsistenten Lösungsansatz für die eingangs beschriebene Diskrepanz zwischen den Polwanderkurven Laurasias und Gondwanas entwickeln. Kapitel 2 beschreibt eine paläomagnetische Studie, die im Toulon-Cuers Becken, Südfrankreich durchgeführt wurde. Das Toulon-Cuers Becken entstand während einer Phase der Extension im südlichen variszischen Gürtel Europas, und ist sukzessive mit Sedimenten verfüllt worden. Außer mächtigen permo-triassischen Sedimentpaketen finden sich hier auch Laven und Pyroklastika als Produkte eines extensionsgetriggerten Vulkanismus, die ebenfalls Gegenstand der hier durchgeführten Studie sind. Die Ergebnisse der Untersuchungen können sehr gut mit bereits vorhandenen Literaturdaten in Einklang gebracht werden und zeigen, dass es zur fraglichen Zeit durchaus Bewegungen zwischen klar definierten Krustenblöcken gab, die Zeugen einer generellen Mobilität der Kruste in diesem Bereich sind. Es handelt sich hierbei um Blockrotationen um vertikale Achsen, so wie sie im Spannungsfeld einer kontinentalen Transformstörung zu erwarten sind. Dabei werden Rotationen im und gegen den Uhrzeigersinn dokumentiert, woraus eine komplexe Geometrie und Anordnung der Krustenblöcke abgeleitet werden kann. Hieraus wird ein tektonisches Modell entwickelt, welches mit gängigen Modellen (siehe McKenzie and Jackson (1983) in Nelson and Jones (1987)) in Einklang gebracht wird. Die triassischen paläomagnetischen Daten aus dem Gebiet belegen im Gegensatz dazu keine Rotationen und legen daher den Schluss nahe, dass die Krustenmobilität in dem Bereich zu Beginn des Mesozoikums zum Erliegen gekommen war. Somit belegt diese Studie deutlich, dass es im von Muttoni et al. (2003) postulierten zeitlichen Rahmen Hinweise für eine generelle Mobilität innerhalb Pangäas gibt. Unter Berücksichtigung dieser Ergebnisse wurde die folgende Studie an magmatischen Ganggesteinen ("Dykes") in Sardinien (Italien) durchgeführt, um die laterale räumliche Dimension der Scherzone besser abschätzen zu können. Kapitel 3 stellt die Ergebnisse dieser Studie vor. Die Dykes treten schwarmförmig auf und sind in einem Zeitraum zwischen 298 ± 5Ma und 270 ± 10Ma in den Korsika-Sardinien-Batholith intrudiert (Atzori and Traversa, 1986; Vaccaro et al., 1991; Atzori et al., 2000). Zusätzlich zu den Rotationen, die auch hier mittels paläomagnetischer Daten nachgewiesen werden konnten, gibt die Orientierung der einzelnen Dykeschwärme Aufschluss über das tektonische Spannungsfeld, das während der Platznahme der Dykes vorherrschte. Diese kombinierten Ergebnisse bestätigen und ergänzen die Ergebnisse der vorhergehenden Studie in Südfrankreich. Ergänzend zu den Untersuchungen an den Ganggesteinen Sardiniens werden Daten von permischen Sedimenten und Vulkaniten präsentiert, die in verschiedenen Regionen Sardiniens beprobt wurden (Kapitel 4). Die paläomagnetischen Daten belegen, dass Sardinien in mindestens zwei Krustensegmente zerlegt war, welche relativ zueinander und auch relativ zur europäischen Polwanderkurve rotiert sind. Auch hier wiederholt sich das Muster von Rotationen im und gegen den Uhrzeigersinn. In dieser Studie werden die Ergebnisse aus den vorangehenden Kapiteln sowie aus der weiterführenden Literatur zusammengefasst, so dass ein zeitlich und räumlich verfeinertes Bild der Krustenblöcke im westlichen Mittelmeerraum zur Zeit des frühen Perm entsteht. Durch die verbesserte Definition der Geometrie der einzelnen Blöcke kann das in Kapitel 2 beschriebene tektonische Modell bestätigt werden. Kapitel 5 befasst sich abschließend mit dem zeitlichen Rahmen der Aktivität entlang der fraglichen Scherzone. Ausgehend von der Annahme, dass sich die Kontinente im Jura bereits in einer Pangäa A Konfiguration befunden haben, sollten die paläomagnetischen Daten von jurassischen Gesteinen keine Hinweise auf Scherbewegungen geben. Hierzu wird eine Studie an jurassischen Sedimenten Sardiniens vorgestellt. Die paläomagnetischen Daten der untersuchten Krustensegmente belegen, dass es in post-jurassischer Zeit in Sardinien keine Blockrotationen der einzelnen Segmente relativ zueinander gab und Sardinien somit ab jener Zeit als tektonisch einheitlicher Block behandelt werden muss. Des Weiteren zeigen die paläomagnetischen Pole, die aus den paläomagnetischen Richtungen für eine Referenzlokalität berechnet wurden, keine signifikante Abweichung von der Polwanderkurve des europäischen Kontinents nach Besse and Courtillot (2002). Diese Kohärenz der paläomagnetischen Daten bestätigt die weithin akzeptierte Beobachtung, dass sich Pangäa zur Zeit des Jura bereits in der Wegener Konfiguration (Pangäa A) befunden hat und untermauert die Aussagekraft paläomagnetischer Studien in diesem Zusammenhang. Zugleich kann anhand dieser Daten ausgeschlossen werden, dass die alpidische Orogenese die Ursache für bedeutende Krustenblockrotationen in dieser Region gebildet hat. Die Ergebnisse der oben genannten Studien werden in dieser Arbeit zusammengeführt. Im Verbund mit Daten aus der Literatur untermauern sie, dass es zwischen dem frühen Perm und der frühen Trias entlang eines ausgedehnten Gürtels, der mindestens vom französischen Zentralmassiv über Südfrankreich bis nach Korsika- Sardinien reichte, bedeutende Krustenbewegungen in Form von Blockrotationen innerhalb Pangäas gab. Die vorliegende Synthese schafft somit ein konsistentes Bild der generellen Krustenmobilität zwischen den nördlichen Teilen Pangäas (Laurasia) und den Südkontinenten (Gondwana). Der durch die präsentierten Studien abgesteckte zeitliche Rahmen korreliert mit den Abschätzungen von Muttoni et al. (2003) zur Transformation zwischen verschiedenen Pangäakonfigurationen. Diese Arbeit bestätigt außerdem, dass das mittlere Perm eine Zeit großräumiger Reorganisation der kontinentalen Platten war, die von anhaltender magmatischer Aktivität begleitet war (Deroin and Bonin, 2003; Isozaki, 2009). Anhand der hier vorgestellten neuen Daten in Kombination mit bereits bekannten paläomagnetischen Daten aus der Region ergibt sich ein klares Muster von Rotationen im und gegen den Uhrzeigersinn von einzelnen störungsbegrenzten Krustenblöcken. Diese Arbeit belegt, dass die Paläomagnetik ein hervorragendes Instrument zur Quantifizierung jener Krustenblockrotationen ist, die oftmals die einzigen verbleibenden Indizien für ehemals großräumige Scherzonen bieten, nachdem die Störungen selbst aufgrund vielfältiger Prozesse nicht mehr aufgeschlossen sind (Umhoefer, 2000). Die tektonischen Modelle von McKenzie and Jackson (1983) in der Interpretation nach Nelson and Jones (1987) werden als Erklärungsgrundlage für die beobachteten Rotationen herangezogen und erweitert.

This dissertation addresses the biogeographic history of the Araceae family and of one of its largest genera, Alocasia. With >3300 species, Araceae are among the largest families of flowering plants. It is the monocot lineage with the deepest fossil record, reaching back to the Early Cretaceous. Araceae are distributed worldwide, but >3100 species occur in the tropical regions of the Americas, Asia, Africa, and Australia; most fossils from the Late Cretaceous and many younger ones come from the temperate zone in the northern hemisphere, implying much extinction and range expansion. Most subfamilies are pantropically distributed, and almost all genera are restricted to one continent. Alocasia comprises 113 species, many as yet undescribed, making it the 7 th -largest genus of the Araceae. Many species are ornamentals, and two species are of interest for man, either for food (giant taro) or in local cultures (Chinese taro). The origin of these species was not known. Alocasia is distributed in Southeast Asia from India to Australia, with species occurring on all islands of the Malay Archipelago. This region has a complex geologic history shaped by the collision of the Eurasian, the Pacific, and the Indo-Australian plate. The Malesian flora and fauna comprises Laurasian and Gondwanan elements, reflecting the influence of changing sea levels, uplift and submergence of islands, and other tectonic movement. In this thesis, I used molecular phylogenetics, Bayesian divergence dating, ancestral area reconstruction to understand the past distribution of the Araceae family and the Alocasia clade in the context of past continent movements and climate history. For the family analysis, existing chloroplast DNA matrices were augmented so that all Araceae genera were represented by one or more species, with a focus on covering geographic disjunctions, especially between continents. Divergence dating relied on seven confidently assigned fossil constraints, comparing uniform and gamma-shaped prior distributions on fossil ages, as well as several molecular clock models. Biogeographic analyses were performed in a model-based likelihood framework that took into account past dispersal routes based on continent connectivity and climate. I also integrated fossils into the ancestral area reconstruction, either simulating extinct or still existing ranges, and then compared results to those obtained from analyses without fossils. To study the morphology and ecology of Alocasia, fieldwork was conducted in Malaysia and herbarium work in Germany, the Netherlands, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Singapore. Maximum likelihood phylogenies were inferred based on chloroplast and nuclear loci, sequenced for 71 species of Alocasia plus 25 outgroup species from 16 genera. Bayesian divergence dating of the nuclear phylogeny relied on one fossil constraint and ancestral areas were reconstructed using parsimony- and likelihood-based methods. The Araceae diverged from the remaining Alismatales in the Early Cretaceous (ca. 135 Ma ago), and all eight subfamilies originated before the Cenozoic. The earliest lineages are inferred to have occurred in Laurasia (based on fossils and tree topology), and most lineages reached Africa, South America, Southeast Asia, and Australia during the Paleogene and Neogene. Many clades experienced extinction in the temperate regions of the northern hemisphere during the Oligocene climate cooling. Two continentally disjunct genera (Nephthytis and Philodendron) are polyphyletic and need taxonomic rearrangement. Plastid substitution rates are exceptionally high in free-floating and water-associated Araceae. Ancestral area reconstructions obtained when fossil (no longer occupied) ranges where included in the analyses were more plausible than those without fossil ranges. This is not a trivial result because only in a quantitative (computer-based) analysis is it possible for fossil ranges to influence results (here areas) at distant nodes in the phylogenetic tree. The nuclear and plastid phylogenies of Alocasia revealed the polyphyly of the two genera Alocasia and Colocasia; to achieve monophyly, two species (Alocasia hypnosa and Colocasia gigantea) have to be moved to other genera. There were strong incongruencies between phylogenies from the two partitions: The chloroplast data reflect geographical proximity, the nuclear morphological similarity. This may indicate hybridization events followed by chloroplast capture. Based on the nuclear tree, Alocasia split from its sister group by the end of the Oligocene (ca. 24 Ma) and colonized the Malay Archipelago from the Asian mainland. Borneo played a central role, with 11–13 of 18–19 inferred dispersal events originating there. The Philippines were reached from Borneo 4–5 times in the late Miocene and early Pliocene, and the Asian mainland 6–7 times during the Pliocene. The geographic origin of two domesticated species could be resolved: Giant taro originated on the Philippines and Chinese taro on the Asian mainland.

Includes Loving Kindness Self Compassion Meditation.This week we are excited to sit down with one of our very own DEN teachers, Laurasia Mattingly. Laurasia started out at The DEN as a volunteer at the front desk and through determination to grow and follow her joy, she became a certified meditation/mindfulness teacher and reiki master and now teaches regularly at The DEN. In this episode, we talk about what drew her to develop her spiritual practice and the series of events that brought her to the DEN after studying for a career in broadcast journalism. She shares with us how the loss of her mother unconsciously lead her down a path of reckless behavior and self numbing and how discovering meditation and mindfulness brought awareness to what she was doing so she could begin the healing process. We talk more about the experience of losing a loved one and how to support someone going through it, as well as her philosophy on manifestation and intention setting, and her experience with adoption and the expectation that comes with labels. If you’re looking for ideas on how to manifest and practice gratitude in the midst of personal struggles, or even just hear more insight from one of your favorite DEN instructors, then this is a great episode for you! Stay tuned after the episode as Laurasia leads us into a Loving Kindness/Self Compassion meditation. Want more from Laurasia but don’t live in Los Angeles? Check out her Intention Setting Workshop on https://www.denanywhere.com/workshops and learn how to set Intentions from the comfort of your own home.Show Notes: www.DENtalksPodcast.comDENanywhere: www.DENanywhere.comDEN Meditation: www.DENmeditation.comSupport this podcast at — https://redcircle.com/dentalks-powered-by-den-meditation7294/donations