Podcasts about in h

Radio Vatican hằng ngày của Vatican News Tiếng Việt. Nội dung chương trình hôm nay: - 0:30 Kinh Truyền Tin - 7:18 Sinh hoạt Giáo hội : Bốn đặc điểm nổi bật trong cuộc đời thánh Inhã, mẫu gương cho giới trẻ ngày nay - 17:43 Giáo hội tuần qua --- Liên lạc và hỗ trợ Vatican News Tiếng Việt qua email: tiengviet@vaticannews.va Đăng ký nhận tin tức qua email: https://www.vaticannews.va/vi/newsletter-registration.html Theo dõi / follow Kênh Vatican News Tiếng Việt tại: - Website: https://vaticannews.va/vi.html Mạng xã hội: - Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/c/VaticanNewsVI - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/vaticannews.vi - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/vaticannews.vi - Twitter: https://twitter.com/vaticannewsvi Podcast: Vatican News Tiếng Việt - Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/0CPs2j2U9FGs6ktulHKcEn?si=F7LRAlscQdeYzxiGXirn6w - Google Podcast: https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9hbmNob3IuZm0vcy80YWM3MWQ4MC9wb2RjYXN0L3Jzcw - Apple Podcast: https://podcasts.apple.com/vn/podcast/vatican-news-ti%E1%BA%BFng-vi%E1%BB%87t/id1551917143 --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/vaticannews-vi/message Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/vaticannews-vi/support

Episode 60: Variety of Topics.  Gabrielle Robinson (MS3) discusses with Dr Arreaza these topics: IsoPSA, 3HP for LTBI, shingles vaccine, and DELC.Introduction: You will hear a conversation between Gabrielle Robinson, a 3rd year medical student, and Hector Arreaza. They discussed 4 articles about topics that are relevant to current clinical practice in family medicine.This is Rio Bravo qWeek, your weekly dose of knowledge brought to you by the Rio Bravo Family Medicine Residency Program from Bakersfield, California. Our program is affiliated with UCLA, and it's sponsored by Clinica Sierra Vista, Let Us Be Your Healthcare Home.Variety of Topics. By Gabrielle Robinson, MS3, Ross University School of Medicine, and Hector Arreaza, MD.  The IsoPSA testH: Cleveland Clinic published this article in July 2020[1]. G: According to that article, the IsoPSA test is a new clinically relevant screen for prostate cancer. The data suggests that ISoPSA can potentially decrease unnecessary prostate biopsies by 45%. The IsoPSA evaluates changes in the structure of PSA rather than measuring the concentration of PSA.  G: IsoPSA is meant to be used in patients who are over 50 years old with PSA > 4ng/mL that have not had a previous diagnosis for prostate cancer or are under surveillance.H: Is PSA a bad screening test?G: Measuring the concentration of PSA has proven to be a less sensitive screening tool because PSA is specific for tissues and nonspecific for cancer. This means that a high PSA does not necessarily mean cancer is present.  The PSA can be elevated due to a multitude of reasons including but not limited to prostatitis, benign prostatic hyperplasia, etc.  Unfortunately, this has led to the overdiagnosis of low-grade cancers that were in fact benign conditions. However, PSA is an effective tool for monitoring of recurrence of prostate cancer and it reduces the need for treatment of metastatic disease.H: As a reminder, screening for prostate cancer in asymptomatic individuals by using PSA is a grade D recommendation from the USPSTF. D means “Do not do it!” However, IsoPSA is not included in that recommendation. We'll see if evidence suggests IsoPSA as an alternative in the future.  3HP for latent TB infection treatmentH: This information was published by CDC on June 28, 2018. G: Previously, the treatment for latent TB included 3–9 months of DAILY Isoniazid (INH) or Rifampin (RIF), either alone or combined.  Now, new data according to CDC recommends that INH-RPT (isoniazid-rifaPENtine) treatment once a week for 12 weeks (AKA 3HP regimen) is adequate in controlling the reactivation of latent TB[2].H: RifaPEntine is not Rifampin.G: It is also worth mentioning that this treatment is also approved for patients 2-11 years of age as well as patients who have HIV/AIDS who are currently taking anti-retroviral.H: Currently, the regimens for LTBI treatment are: -Monotherapy with INH for 6-9 months-Monotherapy with Rifampin daily for 4 months-Combinations: INH-Rifampin daily for 3 months (3HR therapy), and INH-RifaPENTINE weekly for 3 months (3HP therapy). Shingles vaccine may reduce risk of strokeG: Why do we think having shingles increases risk of stroke in the first place? The mechanism is not well understood but there is a strong index of suspicion that the inflammation resulting from the outbreak plays a significant role.  H: So, you read a study, a chart review published by the American Heart Association, tell us about it.In this study, patients who received the shingles vaccine (live vaccine) were compared to patient who did NOT receive the vaccine. The results showed that getting the shingles vaccine decreased the risk of stroke by 16%.  The types of strokes that were decreased included hemorrhagic stroke which was decreased by 12% and ischemic stroke that was decreased by 18%.  The age range for which this was most effective is 66 to 79 years of age and is worth mentioning that patients under 80 years of age had a decreased risk in stoke by 20% while the patients over 80 years old were decreased by about 10%[3]. Diagonal Ear Lobe Crease: An Association with CADH: Last week we got this information from Dr Cobos, a Kern Medical hematologist. G: Diagonal Ear Lobe Crease (DELC) also known as Frank's sign, is a crease in the ear lobe that is associated with increased risk of coronary artery disease, peripheral vascular disease, and cerebrovascular disease. Although the pathophysiology of this sign is not yet understood, there has been a grading system set in place that is linked to the incidence of cardiovascular events based on length, depth, bilateralism, and inclination according to Stanford Medicine. The classifications are as follows:Unilateral incomplete – least severeUnilateral completeBilateral complete – Most severe Other classification (not associated with increased cardiovascular events):Grade 1 – wrinklingGrade 2a – Superficial crease (floor of sulcus visible)Grade 2b – crease greater than 50% across earlobeGrade 3 – deep cleft across whole earlobe (floor of sulcus not visible) H: As a curious fact, Steven Spielberg and Mel Gibson have the DELC.  Conclusion: Now we conclude our episode number 60 “Variety of Topics.” Future Dr Robinson presented a summary of four interesting articles she read. She explained that IsoPSA may be an alternative for screening for prostate cancer in the future, and she reminded us of the weekly treatment of latent tuberculosis infection with INH and rifaPENtine (also known as 3HP treatment for LTBI). There was a decrease in stroke risk in patients who received shingles vaccine, according to a study published by the American Heart Association in 2020, and the Diagonal Ear Lobe Crease sign was mentioned as a possible association with cardiovascular risk. Even without trying, every night you go to bed being a little wiser. Thanks for listening to Rio Bravo qWeek. If you have any feedback about this podcast, contact us by email RBresidency@clinicasierravista.org, or visit our website riobravofmrp.org/qweek. This podcast was created with educational purposes only. Visit your primary care physician for additional medical advice. This week we thank Hector Arreaza and Gabrielle Robinson. Audio edition: Suraj Amrutia. See you next week! ____________________________References:  The IsoPSA Test Is Available, and It Could Change the Diagnostic Paradigm for Prostate Cancer, Consult QD, Cleveland Clinic, Jul 7, 2020, https://consultqd.clevelandclinic.org/the-isopsa-test-is-available-and-it-could-change-the-diagnostic-paradigm-for-prostate-cancer/ CDC Releases Updated Recommendations for Treatment of Latent TB Infection, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, June 28, 2018, https://www.cdc.gov/nchhstp/newsroom/2018/treatment-of-latent-TB-infection.html Shingles vaccine may also reduce stroke risk, American Heart Association, February 12, 2020, https://newsroom.heart.org/news/shingles-vaccine-may-also-reduce-stroke-risk Frank's Sign - Diagonal earlobe crease (DELC), Stanford Medicine 25, July 2, 2015, https://stanfordmedicine25.stanford.edu/blog/archive/2015/what-is-the-name-of-this-sign.html 

Gudrun spricht in dieser Folge mit Mathis Fricke von der TU Darmstadt über Dynamische Benetzungsphänomene. Er hat 2020 in der Gruppe Mathematical Modeling and Analysis bei Prof. Dieter Bothe promoviert. Diese Gruppe ist in der Analysis und damit in der Fakultät für Mathematik angesiedelt, arbeitet aber stark interdisziplinär vernetzt, weil dort Probleme aus der Verfahrenstechnik modelliert und simuliert werden. Viele Anwendungen in den Ingenieurwissenschaften erfordern ein tiefes Verständnis der physikalischen Vorgänge in mehrphasigen Strömungen, d.h. Strömungen mit mehreren Komponenten. Eine sog. "Kontaktlinie" entsteht, wenn drei thermodynamische Phasen zusammenkommen und ein komplexes System bilden. Ein typisches Beispiel ist ein Flüssigkeitströpfchen, das auf einer Wand sitzt (oder sich bewegt) und von der Umgebungsluft umgeben ist. Ein wichtiger physikalischer Parameter ist dabei der "Kontaktwinkel" zwischen der Gas/Flüssig-Grenzfläche und der festen Oberfläche. Ist der Kontaktwinkel klein ist die Oberfläche hydrophil (also gut benetzend), ist der Kontaktwinkel groß ist die Oberläche hydrophob (schlecht benetzend). Je nach Anwendungsfall können beide Situationen in der Praxis gewollt sein. Zum Beispiel können stark hydrophobe Oberflächen einen Selbstreinigungseffekt aufweisen weil Wassertropfen von der Oberfläche abrollen und dabei Schmutzpartikel abtransportieren (siehe z.B. https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lotoseffekt). Dynamische Benetzungsphänomene sind in Natur und Technik allgegenwärtig. Die Beine eines Wasserläufers nutzen eine ausgeklügelte hierarchische Oberflächenstruktur, um Superhydrophobie zu erreichen und das Insekt auf einer Wasseroberfläche leicht stehen und laufen zu lassen. Die Fähigkeit, dynamische Benetzungsprozesse zu verstehen und zu steuern, ist entscheidend für eine Vielzahl industrieller und technischer Prozesse wie Bioprinting und Tintenstrahldruck oder Massentransport in Mikrofluidikgeräten. Andererseits birgt das Problem der beweglichen Kontaktlinie selbst in einer stark vereinfachten Formulierung immer noch erhebliche Herausforderungen hinsichtlich der fundamentalen mathematischen Modellierung sowie der numerischen Methoden. Ein übliche Ansatz zur Beschreibung eines Mehrphasensystems auf einer makroskopischen Skala ist die Kontinuumsphysik, bei der die mikroskopische Struktur der Materie nicht explizit aufgelöst wird. Andererseits finden die physikalischen Prozesse an der Kontaktlinie auf einer sehr kleinen Längenskala statt. Man muss daher das Standardmodell der Kontinuumsphysik erweitern, um zu einer korrekten Beschreibung des Systems zu gelangen. Ein wichtiges Leitprinzip bei der mathematischen Modellierung ist dabei der zweite Hauptsatz der Thermodynamik, der besagt, dass die Entropie eines isolierten Systems niemals abnimmt. Dieses tiefe physikalische Prinzip hilft, zu einem geschlossenen und zuverlässigen Modell zu kommen. Die größte Herausforderung in der kontinuumsmechanischen Modellierung von dynamischen Benetzungsprozessen ist die Formulierung der Randbedingungen für die Navier Stokes Gleichungen an der Festkörperoberfläche sowie am freien Rand zwischen Gas und Flüssigkeit. Die klassische Arbeit von Huh und Scriven hat gezeigt, dass die übliche Haftbedingung ("no slip") an der Festkörperoberfläche nicht mit einer bewegten Kontaktlinie und damit mit einem dynamischen Benetzungsprozess verträglich ist. Man kann nämlich leicht zeigen, dass die Lösung für die Geschwindigkeit in diesem Fall unstetig an der Kontaktlinie wäre. Weil das Fluid (z.B. Wasser) aber eine innere Reibung (Viskosität) besitzt, würde dann mit einer unendlichen Rate ("singulär") innere Energie in Wärme umgewandelt ("dissipiert"). Dieses Verhalten ist offensichtlich unphysikalisch und zeigt dass eine Anpassung des Modells nötig ist. Einer der wesentlichen Beiträge von Mathis Dissertation ist die qualitative Analyse von solchen angepassten Modellen (zur Vermeidung der unphysikalischen Singularität) mit Methoden aus der Geometrie. Die Idee ist hierbei eine systematische Untersuchung der "Kinematik", d.h. der Geometrie der Bewegung der Kontaktlinie und des Kontaktwinkels. Nimmt man das transportierende Geschwindigkeitsfeld als gegeben an, so kann man einen fundamentalen geometrischen Zusammenhang zwischen der Änderungsrate des Kontaktwinkels und der Struktur des Geschwindigkeitsfeldes herleiten. Dieser geometrische (bzw. kinematische) Zusammenhang gilt universell für alle Modelle (in der betrachteten Modellklasse) und erlaubt tiefe Einsichten in das qualitative Verhalten von Lösungen. Neben der mathematischen Modellierung braucht man auch numerische Werkzeuge und Algorithmen zur Lösung der resultierenden partiellen Differentialgleichungen, die typischerweise eine Variante der bekannten Navier-Stokes-Gleichungen sind. Diese nichtlinearen PDE-Modelle erfordern eine sorgfältige Auswahl der numerischen Methoden und einen hohen Rechenaufwand. Mathis entschied sich für numerische Methoden auf der Grundlage der geometrischen VOF (Volume-of-Fluid) Methode. Die VOF Methode ist eine Finite Volumen Methode und basiert auf einem diskreten Gitter von würfelförmigen Kontrollvolumen auf dem die Lösung des PDE Systems angenähert wird. Wichtig ist hier insbesondere die Verfolgung der räumlichen Position der freien Grenzfläche und der Kontaktlinie. In der VOF Methode wird dazu für jede Gitterzelle gespeichert zu welchem Anteil sie mit Flüssigkeit bzw. Gas gefüllt ist. Aus dieser Information kann später die Form der freien Grenzfläche rekonstruiert werden. Im Rahmen von Mathis Dissertation wurden diese Rekonstruktionsverfahren hinsichtlich Ihrer Genauigkeit nahe der Kontaktlinie weiterentwickelt. Zusammen mit komplementären numerischen Methoden sowie Experimenten im Sonderforschungsbereich 1194 können die Methoden in realistischen Testfällen validiert werden. Mathis hat sich in seiner Arbeit vor allem mit der Dynamik des Anstiegs einer Flüssigkeitssäule in einer Kapillare sowie der Aufbruchdynamik von Flüssigkeitsbrücken (sog. "Kapillarbrücken") auf strukturierten Oberflächen beschäftigt. Die Simulation kann hier als eine numerische "Lupe" dienen und Phänomene sichtbar machen die, z.B wegen einer limitierten zeitlichen Auflösung, im Experiment nur schwer sichtbar gemacht werden können. Gleichzeitig werden die experimentellen Daten genutzt um die Korrektheit des Modells und des numerischen Verfahrens zu überprüfen. Literatur und weiterführende Informationen Fricke, M.: Mathematical modeling and Volume-of-Fluid based simulation of dynamic wetting Promotionsschrift (2021). de Gennes, P., Brochard-Wyart, F., Quere, D.: Capillarity and Wetting Phenomena, Springer (2004). Fricke, M., Köhne, M., Bothe, D.: A kinematic evolution equation for the dynamic contact angle and some consequences. Physica D: Nonlinear Phenomena, 394, 26–43 (2019) (siehe auch arXiv). Fricke, M., Bothe, D.: Boundary conditions for dynamic wetting – A mathematical analysis. The European Physical Journal Special Topics, 229(10), 1849–1865 (2020). Gründing, D., Smuda, M., Antritter, T., Fricke, M., Rettenmaier, D., Kummer, F., Stephan, P., Marschall, H., Bothe, D.: A comparative study of transient capillary rise using direct numerical simulations, Applied Mathematical Modelling (2020) Fricke, M., Marić, T. and Bothe, D.: Contact line advection using the geometrical Volume-of-Fluid method, Journal of Computational Physics (2020) (siehe auch arXiv) Hartmann, M., Fricke, M., Weimar, L., Gründing, D., Marić, T., Bothe, D., Hardt, S.: Breakup dynamics of Capillary Bridges on Hydrophobic Stripes, International Journal of Multiphase Flow (2021) Fricke, M., Köhne, M. and Bothe, D.: On the kinematics of contact line motion, Proceedings in Applied Mathematics and Mechanics (2018) Fricke, M., Marić, T. and Bothe, D.: Contact line advection using the Level Set method, Proceedings in Applied Mathematics and Mechanics (2019) Huh, C. and Scriven, L.E: Hydrodynamic model of steady movement of a solid/liquid/fluid contact line, Journal of Colloid and Interface Science (1971) Bothe, D., Dreyer, W.: Continuum thermodynamics of chemically reacting fluid mixtures. Acta Mechanica, 226(6), 1757–1805. (2015). Bothe, D., Prüss, J.: On the Interface Formation Model for Dynamic Triple Lines. In H. Amann, Y. Giga, H. Kozono, H. Okamoto, & M. Yamazaki (Eds.), Recent Developments of Mathematical Fluid Mechanics (pp. 25–47). Springer (2016). Podcasts Sachgeschichte: Wie läuft der Wasserläufer übers Wasser? G. Thäter, S. Claus: Zweiphasenströmungen, Gespräch im Modellansatz Podcast, Folge 164, Fakultät für Mathematik, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), 2018 M. Steinhauer: Reguläre Strömungen, Gespräch mit G. Thäter im Modellansatz Podcast, Folge 113, Fakultät für Mathematik, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), 2016

Episode 58: Transaminitis.  Elevated aminotransferases can be caused by intrahepatic and extrahepatic causes, Dr Martinez and Dr Civelli explain the workup of transaminitis, distribution of Chantix was stopped by Pfizer, smoking cessation updates Introduction: Smoking Cessation UpdatesBy Hector Arreaza, MD, Valeri Civelli, and Yosbel Martinez, MD On June 25, 2021, Pfizer stopped distribution of some badges of Chantix(r) after high levels of the carcinogen N-nitroso-di-methyl-amine (NDMA) were found in some lots of the pills. “Pfizer told Reuters the distribution pause was ordered out of abundance of caution while further testing is conducted.”The FDA approved Varenicline in 2006, and there is evidence that Chantix is the most effective anti-smoking medication.USPSTF Grade A recommendations:1. All adults should be asked about their tobacco use. Then, if determined to be smokers or tobacco users, advise them to quit, and provide behavioral interventions and FDA-approved medications for cessation. This applies to all adults who are not pregnant and use tobacco.2. All pregnant patients should be asked about their tobacco use, advised to quit using tobacco, and offer behavioral interventions for cessation. USPSTF Grade I (I stands for “I don't know”):1. The USPSTF does not endorse or discourages the use of pharmacotherapy for smoking cessation in pregnant patients because there is insufficient evidence.2. E-cigarettes have insufficient evidence to be recommended as an effective way to stop smoking in adults. This is Rio Bravo qWeek, your weekly dose of knowledge brought to you by the Rio Bravo Family Medicine Residency Program from Bakersfield, California. Our program is affiliated with UCLA, and it's sponsored by Clinica Sierra Vista, Let Us Be Your Healthcare Home.___________________________Transaminitis. By Yosbel Martinez, MDTransaminitis (Also known as Elevated Aminotransferases). “itis” normally means inflammation in medical terms, and for that reason transaminitis is not etymologically correct, but it's easy to use and everyone understands what it means. What are aminotransferases?Aminotransferases are intracellular enzymes are sensitive indicator of liver cell injury (necrosis vs inflammation) ALT (alanine aminotransferase) more specific measure of liver injury because AST (aspartate aminotransferase) also found in striate muscle, heart, brain, kidney and Red and white blood cells.-There is poor correlation between degree of liver cell damage and level of aminotransferases. General Approach of Chronic Transaminitis Chronic > 6 months (Often asymptomatic patient)Initial evaluation for most common liver conditions.-Drugs (herbal or recreational drugs) or medications (acetaminophen, INH, amiodarone, statins)-Hepatitis A, B, C-Alcohol Hepatitis AST/ALT ratio above 2:1-Fatty Liver AST/ALT < 1, RUQ Ultrasound- Hemochromatosis Iron/TIBC > 45% Hereditary hemochromatosis is an autosomal recessive disorder that disrupts the body's regulation of iron. It is the most common genetic disease in whites. Men have a higher risk of iron-overload disease compared with women. Hemochromatosis symptoms are absent in the early stages. If present, symptoms may include weakness, lethargy, arthralgias, and impotence. Later manifestations include arthralgias, osteoporosis, cirrhosis, hepatocellular cancer, cardiomyopathy, dysrhythmia, diabetes mellitus, and hypogonadism. Diagnosis requires confirmation of increased serum ferritin levels and transferrin saturation, with or without symptoms. Treatment of hereditary hemochromatosis requires phlebotomy, and the frequency is guided by serial measurements of serum ferritin levels and transferrin saturation. Dietary modification is generally unnecessary. Screen: Testing should be performed in first-degree relatives of patients with classical HFE-related hemochromatosis, those with evidence of active liver disease, and patients with abnormal iron study results. Screening for hepatocellular carcinoma is reserved for those with hereditary hemochromatosis and cirrhosis. Statins: Statins are very important in prevention of treatment of cardiovascular disease. They are safe.“The risk of hepatic injury caused by statins is estimated to be about 1 percent, similar to that of patients taking a placebo.”Patients with transaminase levels no more than three times the upper limit of normal can continue taking statins; often the elevations will resolve spontaneously. Coexisting elevations of transaminase levels from nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and stable hepatitis B and C viral infections are not contraindications to statin use Dosing: Hepatic Impairment: AdultContraindicated in active liver disease or in patients with unexplained persistent elevations of serum transaminases. Further evaluations to Determine likely source-Hepatic source (less common liver conditions)-Autoimmune Hepatitis (women, SPEP, ANA, ASMA)-Wilson disease (ceruloplasmin, slip lamp exam for Kayser- Fleischer rings)-Alfa 1- antitrypsin deficiency (emphysema out of proportion, obtain AA-1 level)-Other viral Hepatitis D, E, CMV, EBV, HSV,VZV. Non-Hepatic source.-Muscle disorder (CK, aldolase)-Thyroid disease (FT4, TSH)-Celiac/IBD (IgA anti-tissue transglutaminase, Calprotectin,CRP, P-ANCA, MRCP/ERCP.-Adrenal insufficiency (8 am cortisol level and plasma ACTH)-Anorexia nervosa (Psychiatric evaluation, BMI, electrolytes and Echo or TTE) Final step of evaluation.Liver biopsy (for diagnostic, staging and grading of liver disease)Now we conclude our episode number 58 “Transaminitis”. Dr Martinez and Dr Civelli explained what to do when we find elevated aminotransferases. Remember you can have intra-hepatic and extra-hepatic causes. If you cannot determine what's causing transaminitis, you may need to ask for a liver biopsy.  Even without trying, every night you go to bed being a little wiser.Thanks for listening to Rio Bravo qWeek. If you have any feedback about this podcast, contact us by email RBresidency@clinicasierravista.org, or visit our website riobravofmrp.org/qweek. This podcast was created with educational purposes only. Visit your primary care physician for additional medical advice. This week we thank Hector Arreaza, Yosbel Martinez, and Valerie Civelli. Audio edition: Suraj Amrutia. See you next week!_____________________References:Pfizer Halts Distribution of Stop-Smoking Pill Chantix, WebMD, webmd.com, accessed on Jul 6, 2021. https://www.webmd.com/smoking-cessation/news/20210625/chantix-distribution-halted-pfizer. Tobacco Smoking Cessation in Adults, Including Pregnant Persons: Interventions, United States Preventive Services Taskforce, uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org, accessed on Jul 6, 2021. https://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/tobacco-use-in-adults-and-pregnant-women-counseling-and-interventions Uworld Boards Family Medicine Qbank.Harrison's Manual of Medicine 20th Edition.Pocket Medicine 7th Edition by Marc S. Sabatine.      

durée : 00:07:42 - L'invité de 7h50 - Woodkid, auteur-compositeur-interprète, est l'invité de 7h50. Il a composé un morceau pour le passage de relai entre les JO de Tokyo et Paris, dont il présente un extrait sur France Inter ce vendredi matin. - invités : WOODKID - Woodkid : Artiste auteur-compositeur-interprète, musicien, réalisateur, graphiste

Sinh ra và lớn lên tại Hội An.     Đã in:  Những cánh bướm phượng (Tập truyện ngắn - NXB Trẻ 1999),  Về phố (Tập truyện ngắn - NXB Kim Đồng 2003, tái bản 2006),  Như chẳng hề quen (Tập truyện ngắn - NXB Kim Đồng 2005),  Lạc giữa chốn quen (Tập truyện ngắn - NXB Văn hóa Sài Gòn 2005),  Lụy tình (Tập truyện ngắn- NXB Hội Nhà Văn 2009),  Những chuyến đi một mình (Tạp văn- NXB Văn hóa - Văn nghệ 2014),  Đừng hôn ở Hội An (Tập truyện ngắn & tạp văn- NXB Hội Nhà Văn 2015) --- This episode is sponsored by · Anchor: The easiest way to make a podcast. https://anchor.fm/app --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/tim926/message Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/tim926/support

Hambrunas, plagas, un aire irrespirable, migraciones masivas y colapso económico. Son tan solo algunos de los aterradores pronósticos que hace el autor David Wallace-Wells si no actuamos decisivamente contra el cambio climático. Conozca la magnitud del daño que ya hemos provocado a nuestro planeta y cómo se podría transformar nuestro mundo en tan solo una generación.  Learn more about your ad-choices at https://www.iheartpodcastnetwork.com

Esta semana en Planeta Educativo, nos vestimos de gala para recibir al superstar y autodenominado “director-lover”, Felipe Aravena. Conversamos sobre dos publicaciones en las que trabajó con otra superstar, Romina Madrid, acerca de cómo los directivos manejan los conflictos con los apoderados y las familias. Además, anticipamos la batalla Pokémon de Sergio en Villa Alemana y el misterioso resfrío que padece Álvaro luego que re-abrieran el liceo cerca de su casa. Referencias del capítulo Aravena, F., & Madrid, R. (2021). Los apoderados, los enemigos: perspectivas de directores escolares en Chile sobre los conflictos escolares. Pensamiento Educativo: Revista de Investigación Educacional Latinoamericana, 58(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.7764/PEL.58.1.2021.5 Aravena, F., & Madrid, R. (2020). The shock absorbers: school principals and their conflicts in Chile. Journal of Educational Administration and History, 52(4), 417–431. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220620.2020.1793739 Otras referencias López, V., Madrid, R., & Sisto, V. (2012). “Red Light” in Chile: Parents Participating as Consumers of Education Under Global Neoliberal Policies. In H. Cuadra-Montiel (Ed.), Globalization - Education and Management Agendas (pp. 45–74). InTech. https://doi.org/10.5772/50305 Madrid Miranda, Romina. (2016). Choosing By Habitus: Multi-Case Study of Families & Schools in the Context of School Choice. https://conservancy.umn.edu/handle/11299/181772

We all renounce racism because it causes harm to other people, and in some extreme cases, it has led to murder. This is something that the Encyclopedia of Human Rights states succinctly: “Racism is completely inconsistent with the core of human rights and antithetical to the realization of all human rights. Racism represents a danger to all human life. It creates intolerance, social divisions, strife, and violence, and can be a social symptom of genocidal tendencies.”[1] [1] Quotes & key text excerpts. (2017). In H. V. Conde, Human rights and the United States (3rd ed.). Amenia, NY: Grey House Publishing. Retrieved from http://ezproxy.libproxy.db.erau.edu/login... Order your resources: https://www.iemapproach.com/books --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/dr-eric-tangumonkem/support

Sukupuolten taistelussa mentiin tänään rintarinnan, kun kisassa kohtasivat Hanna Kajaanista ja Mika Turusta. Soiko tänään Supernaiset vai Ukkometso? Mikko on loppuviikon pois ja kisassa uhoaa Ari.

Xuất phát từ Nhật Bản và dần phát triển vượt ngoài lãnh thổ, haiku là một thể loại thơ không hề mới với những người yêu thơ trên toàn thế giới, tuy vậy có lẽ với độc giả Việt Nam không nhiều người biết đến thể thơ này. Haiku truyền thống có niêm luật gì, haiku hiện đại đã thay đổi các niêm luật đó ra sao, và các nhà thơ haiku trong nước đã Việt hoá thể thơ này như thế nào? Trong Radio ngày hôm nay, xin mời các bạn cùng lắng nghe buổi trò chuyện với nhà thơ Đinh Trần Phương về thơ haiku nói chung và thực hành thơ của anh nói riêng. #TrạmRadio #RadioVănHọc #ĐinhTrầnPhương __________ Để cam kết với bạn nghe đài dự án Trạm Radio sẽ chạy đường dài, chúng tôi cần sự ủng hộ của quý bạn để duy trì những dịch vụ phải trả phí. Mọi tấm lòng đều vô cùng trân quý đối với ban biên tập, và tạo động lực cho chúng tôi tiếp tục sản xuất và trau chuốt nội dung hấp dẫn hơn nữa. Mọi đóng góp cho Trạm Radio xin gửi về: Nguyen Ha Trang STK 19034705725015 Ngân hàng Techcombank. Chi nhánh Hà Nội

Radio Vatican hằng ngày của Vatican News Tiếng Việt. Nội dung chương trình hôm nay: - 0:30 Thánh Lễ & Kinh LNVTĐ - 14:53 Giáo hội tuần qua - 20:12 Sinh hoạt Giáo hội : Năm Inhã, kỷ niệm 500 năm cuộc hoán cải của vị thánh thành Loyola --- Liên lạc và hỗ trợ Vatican News Tiếng Việt qua email: tiengviet@vaticannews.va Đăng ký nhận tin tức qua email: https://www.vaticannews.va/vi/newsletter-registration.html Theo dõi / follow Kênh Vatican News Tiếng Việt tại: - Website: https://vaticannews.va/vi.html Mạng xã hội: - Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/c/VaticanNewsVI - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/vaticannews.vi - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/vaticannews.vi - Twitter: https://twitter.com/vaticannewsvi Podcast: Vatican News Tiếng Việt - Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/0CPs2j2U9FGs6ktulHKcEn?si=F7LRAlscQdeYzxiGXirn6w - Google Podcast: https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9hbmNob3IuZm0vcy80YWM3MWQ4MC9wb2RjYXN0L3Jzcw - Apple Podcast: https://podcasts.apple.com/vn/podcast/vatican-news-ti%E1%BA%BFng-vi%E1%BB%87t/id1551917143 --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/vaticannews-vi/message Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/vaticannews-vi/support

Công khai điện thoại cá nhân, Giám đốc Công an An Giang nhận hàng trăm cuộc gọi, tin nhắn mỗi ngày. Ông xem đây là cách nhanh nhất để phát hiện, xử lý tội phạm.

Đinh Bộ Lĩnh sinh năm Giáp Thân (924), là con trai của Đinh Công Trứ - giữ chức Thứ sử châu Hoan (vùng Nghệ An, Hà Tĩnh ngày nay), thân mẫu là Đàm Thị (không rõ tên), theo dân gian bà còn được gọi là Thiềm Nương.

El editorial de Víctor Hugo Morales en La Mañana

Kim talks about her upcoming show, America's Veteran's Stories, continuing the interviews of Vietnam Veterans profiled in the book, Echoes of Our War: Vietnam Veterans Reflect 50 Years Later. The show airs on KLZ at 3pm this Sunday. The electorate needs to be informed and ask the six Rudyard Kipling questions: What? Why? When? How? Where? Who  Censorship is a great danger to our country. The southern border is anything but compassionate to the children. HB21-1246 PERA Public Employees’ Retirement Association Divestment From Fossil Fuel Companies is full of force words such as “exclusion” and “require.” This bill forcibly excludes capital investment opportunities in fossil fuel companies in an attempt to starve the industry.    Hal Van Hercke. owner of Castlegate Knife and Tool, has the largest retail knife store in the western states. Visit his website, castlegate.com, to view his complete inventory. Hal discusses with Kim the $1 billion deficit in the state unemployment fund. Colorado is borrowing from the federal government to cover this deficit and additional expenses incurred each week. The state is looking at placing a surcharge on already financially stressed businesses. Hal and Kim ask the compelling question, “If the state has received multiple billions of dollars in COVID-19 stimulus money, why is the money not being used to pay off this deficit instead of radical left pet projects?” Kim talks about a upcoming “miracle.” Polis states that the virus should be gone by mid-June and all seats will be occupied for the MLB All Star game in July. Jason McBride, Senior Vice President with Presidential Wealth Management, chimes in with Kim and remarks the definition of “miracle” has reached a new low. The stock market is holding steady and behaving cautiously  NASDAQ is once again above its 50-day average. Give Jason a call at 303-964-1600 to establish a plan that will chart a financial course looking at where you are today and how to get to your financial goals in the future. Guest Alma Tucker, founder and President of International Network of Hearts (inhearts.org), explains how human traffickers are looking for the most vulnerable, children, to exploit. With families streaming to the southern border from many Central American countries, many running away from difficult situations in their own country, parents willingly allow traffickers to take their children over the border thinking this will be their “ticket” into America, the land of Opportunity. The smugglers, cartels and organized crime use the children for selling drugs, sexual exploitation or labor. Alma started INH in 2010 to prevent human trafficking and to provide services to those who have been exploited. Alma tells the heart wrenching story of a twelve old girl. Border crossings are rising way beyond any resemblance of control.

Loạt bài điều tra của nhóm phóng viên kênh VOVGT tại TPHCM về thực trạng đinh tặc và phá xe dọc tuyến quốc lộ 1A qua địa bàn huyện Bình Chánh đã nhận được rất nhiều sự ủng hộ từ bạn đọc cả nước. Không thể phủ nhận rằng, đây là một thực trạng nhức nhối kéo dài hàng chục năm trời gây ra nhiều bức xúc trong dư luận.

Analizamos lo aplicable conforme el Código Tributario y su relación para ejercer derechos y obligaciones

Arun and Patricia discuss: Happy Easter To Everyone! Mehdi Hasan: "The Republican Party, American politics today, is defined not by right vs left or liberal vs conservative... it's the dumb and the not-dumb.” What's In H.R 4 (the John Lewis Voting Rights Act)? March 31st The Day Mario Died. Trailer: Space Jam: A New Legacy. 20 Years Since Sega Left The Console Business. More Spongebob Squarepants Pulled Over Storyline Concerns. Reggie Retiring From GameStop Board. Metroid Prime 2D Demo released. RECAP: In Search of the Crystal Skull Hidden Gems Month.

En este episodio hablamos de 6 lugares mas inhóspitos del planeta.

Có bao giờ trong một buổi sáng đang khi đang nhâm nhi ly cà phê, bạn chợt nghĩ đến có những con người đang hy sinh thời gian hưởng thụ đó, để giúp đỡ mọi người.

Giữa những kẻ rải đinh và những tiệm phá xe thật khó chứng minh mối quan hệ. Song, những gì PV VOVGT thu thập và người bị hại đều thấy rõ được cả hai đối tượng này song trùng lợi ích đang “kí sinh” trên đường quốc lộ, kiếm lợi từ việc bòn rút tiền của người đi đường. Các đối tượng phá xe có thủ đoạn rất ma mãnh, có nghiên cứu về luật để làm khó cơ quan chức năng trong xử lý hành chính lẫn hình sự.

Ghé Shop ủng hộ nhà Nhện thôi các bạn ơi: http://b.link/youtube-shop-spiderum ______________ Bài viết: 5 VỊ TƯỚNG TÀI BA NHẤT LỊCH SỬ VIỆT NAM (P3) Được viết bởi: Dũng Phan Link bài viết: https://b.link/youtube-5-VI-TUONG-TAI-BA-NHAT-LICH-SU-VIET-NAM-P3 --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/spiderum/message Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/spiderum/support

Ngày 22/3, ngày thứ 81 trong năm Xin được chúc các bạn những điều tốt đẹp nhất. Hy vọng các bạn sẽ luôn tỏa sáng như một bông hướng dương. Loài hoa quật cường một mực chạy về hướng mặt trời, mặc kệ bản thân bị đốt nóng đến bỏng rát. Thế những cũng vì thế mà nó luôn tỏa ra một hào quang rực rỡ ------------------------------ Tặng các bạn câu danh ngôn như thế này: “Đừng thương tiếc hôm qua, đừng đợi ngày mai, đừng lảng tránh hôm nay”. Đừng thương tiếc hôm qua, bởi những chuyện hôm qua, là của hôm qua. Nó đã xảy ra và ta không thể nào lật ngược nó lại được. Dù cho có tiếc nuối ỉ ôi với cuộc đời, thì chuyện hôm qua vẫn là những chuyện đã qua. Thế nên có tiếc thương cũng chẳng được gì, chuyện cũ không thể quay lại còn tâm hồn ta thì sẽ chịu nhiều tổn thương hơn Đừng lảng tránh ngày hôm nay. Mỗi người chúng ta đều có quỹ thời gian như nhau, cũng có 24h mỗi ngày, 168h mỗi tuần và 365 ngày mỗi năm để sống, học tập và làm việc. Vậy nên nếu không muốn thụt lùi so với số đông thì hãy mau mau gạt bỏ suy nghĩ kia đi ngay lập tức. Đừng bao giờ có suy nghĩ rằng, thôi để ngày mai. Việc của hôm nay, thì hãy giải quyết trong ngày hôm nay, đừng lảng tránh chúng. Hãy đối mặt với chúng. Tại sao lại như vậy ư? Bởi nếu ta cứ “để ngày mai, để ngày mai” thì vấn đề của chúng ta vẫn nằm ở đó, nó vẫn cứ đè nén chúng ta như này hôm nay vậy. Vậy thì tại sao không giải quyết trong ngày hôm nay mà lại cứ phải đợi ngày mai? Tương lai là điều khó nắm bắt nhất, chúng ta chỉ có thể mong muốn tương lai chứ không thể quyết định tương lai. Bởi thế hãy cứ sống trọn vẹn cho hiện tại. Những cố gắng của ta sẽ được đền đáp. ---------------------------------------- Sự kiện ngày 22/03: 1, Đinh Tiên Hoàng - hoàng đế sáng lập triều đại nhà Đinh 2, Album đầu tay của ban nhạc The Beatles là Please Please Me phát hành tại Anh Quốc 3, Trương Tử Lâm, hoa hậu thế giới 2007 người Trung Quốc ★ Mọi thông tin xin liên hệ: ngaynaynamay1501@gmail.com

Cựu Bộ trưởng Giao thông Vận tải Đinh La Thăng và cựu lãnh đạo ngành dầu khí Trịnh Xuân Thanh vừa nhận thêm án tù nhiều năm vì gây thất thoát hàng trăm tỷ đồng tại Dự án Ethanol Phú Thọ. Xem thêm: http://bit.ly/3bQElXh Các tin khác: Nga tặng vaccine Sputnik cho Việt Nam. EMA: Vaccine của AstraZeneca lợi nhiều hơn hại. Moderna thử nghiệm vaccine lên trẻ em dưới 12 tuổi. WHO khuyến cáo cẩn trọng với ‘hộ chiếu vaccine’. Ngoại trưởng Mỹ cảnh cáo TQ chớ ‘uy hiếp và hung hãn’. Triều Tiên khuyến cáo Mỹ ‘chớ kiếm chuyện’.

Sách nói: Chúng tôi rao giảng một Đức Kitô bị đóng đinh

Sharon Pak and Jordynn Wynn are the co-founders of Insert Name Here. INH burst onto the beauty scene in 2018 with their premium, affordable line of hair pieces and wigs. Combining extensive product research with their experience in cosmetics and beauty, their ponytails become instant bestsellers. With a focus on quality and building a following through social media, INH is just getting started. Visit INHhair.com for more and follow @insertnamehere on Instagram. NOTE: Due to current circumstances, the sound quality of this episode is not up to normal standards. --- This episode is sponsored by · Anchor: The easiest way to make a podcast. https://anchor.fm/app

Networking with Big Wigs Carole writes Howie At 08:52 AM 1/29/03 -0500:   Have fun at golf.  I had a great time last night.  I went to volunteer for the Frank Sanchez campaign and ended up at the Mayoral debates sponsored by The Organization of Black Affairs.  In a room of about 200 people, I was one of only maybe 5 white people.  Blacks are not traditionally crazy about big cats and I can honestly say I only have one die hard supporter in the black community and who should I walk up and sit next to but him?  I now have tons of friends in the black community, including key contacts at the St. Pete Times and WMNF who says they will do a program on us.   James Ransom, my friend, serves the county as sort of the ethics police and from what I saw in the room is loved by everyone.  Frank Sanchez came over to hug him and James reintroduced me with a glowing rendition of my life's accomplishments to date.   When James told Frank that I had just signed up as a volunteer on his behalf he hugged me with such emotion that I thought he was crying when he said "Bless you!"  I took advantage of the moment this morning by asking Frank to sit on my Advisory Board because we have 4276 families in Tampa that support us.  In H.C. there are 390,000 households and over 500,000 dogs and cats, so the pet vote is a big one and his association with us could only help.   They took a straw vote last night and Frank had 40% of the vote with the next highest being Pam Iorio at 27%.  I liked her and she seems to be a highly ethical person, but she doesn't have the business skills and experience that he has.  Did you know he was from Harvard?  I don't live in the City limits, so I can't vote, but I think he is just what Tampa needs and will be a great advocate for us whether he is willing to serve on the board or not.  It is warming up here.  I have to give a tour this morning, then lunch with Mom, Jamie and Daniel.  I miss you and look forward to your return.   Carole writes Howie:  29 Jan 2003 22:16:50 EST    Dear Howie,  Today was a great day.  Scott gave a tour to a guy who turned out to be worth 160 million and who is the Nascar driver you see on the cola machines all over the place.  He supports a road side zoo and the greyhound rescue groups and we are his new favourite place.  (He never did donate) I met with Alexandria and Beth today for a 3 hour tour.  Alex helps raise funds for Shambala and Exotic Cat Breeding Facility and says she's never seen anyplace run as well as ours and wants to help us from Michigan.  I am meeting with her tomorrow as well.  Beth is the significant other to one of the Detroit Tigers and is trying to get them to do something public with or for us.  It was her second time here.  She came last year when the Tigers were here for training and did the Big Cat Expedition.   Tomorrow I meet with Catherine from MOSI who has the hot air balloon company.  She wants to show me plans she wants to develop into a joint venture in which she picks people up for a balloon ride and then delivers them to us for the safari (our Big Cat Expedition) and then back to her for the evening ride.  She says she has plans to advertise it on the balloon which would give us a lot more exposure.  Scott has been working on that lead and just invited me to see what she is presenting tomorrow.   The guy from James Auto Body, who wants to do the billboard for us, has been missing me all day in telephone tag, but that should be resolved soon.   I made a 100k offer on a house in Carrollwood but haven't heard from the bank.  I think I could make a quick 20k on it.  The bank has two offers of 115k each, but the people have to get financing and I can't imagine a bank financing it in it's current condition.  The bank that owns it says they won't.  Probably the best news in all of that is that I reconnected with Mel Bermudez of 3Palaces Realty.  He used to be a competitor of mine, and told me he was injured badly a couple years ago and couldn't do the fix up on foreclosures any more, so he would toss them my way as he ran things that need a lot of work.  He is very active as a Realtor in Tampa, so that was very fortuitous.   Jamie is just too swamped to deal with the web site, so I decided to move it back to my computer.  That took several hours and just about had me beat, but I finally was able to open it and all 2100 pages are not only there, but in the right order.  Yahoo!  Now, I can go to bed and dream of you.  - Carole   Howie writes to Carole:  29 Jan 2003 16:34:20 -0500   Sounds like VERY successful networking to me!  Wow!  Played a fantastic front 9 holes today, after which Alan turned to me and said "It looks Carole and I bring out the best in you."   Thought that was cute.  I sucked on the back 9, which had the silver lining of letting him win although I would never do it intentionally.   Frank sounds like a great candidate and I'd enjoy knowing more.  I am pretty ignorant about local politics and have never gotten involved at all, and only know of Pam from the press about the voting job and had a good overall impression, versus no impression of Frank.  But he sounds great.  Of course anybody smart enough to bless you is bound to be good!   Odds are I won't be arriving in Tampa until 9pm or so tomorrow, but if happen to get on the road early to arrive before 8, do you have plans or should I call to see if you'd like to have late dinner?  Don't change anything - odds are against.  Just a thot.   Wow.  Not only did you pack so much into your day, but every part of it seemed to have major positive implications.  Wonderful!  And I'm flattered that after all that, you still had a thought of me at the end.  Thanks.  Really look forward to seeing you.   Your earlier email said you weren't feeling well - very stiff.  I hope that eased up.  Jacuzzi help?  If I can help with that laser thing let me know. - Howie     I've been writing my story since I was able to write, but when the media goes to share it, they only choose the parts that fit their idea of what will generate views.  If I'm going to share my story, it should be the whole story.  The titles are the dates things happened. If you have any interest in who I really am please start at the beginning of this playlist: http://savethecats.org/   I know there will be people who take things out of context and try to use them to validate their own misconception, but you have access to the whole story.  My hope is that others will recognize themselves in my words and have the strength to do what is right for themselves and our shared planet.     You can help feed the cats at no cost to you using Amazon Smile! Visit BigCatRescue.org/Amazon-smile   You can see photos, videos and more, updated daily at BigCatRescue.org   Check out our main channel at YouTube.com/BigCatRescue   Music (if any) from Epidemic Sound (http://www.epidemicsound.com) This video is for entertainment purposes only and is my opinion.

We at Full Coverage have been fans of Sharon Pak and Jordynn Wynn ever since their days running the Instagram game at Colourpop Cosmetics, so we were beyond excited to chat with them about their newest venture, Inset Name Here. INH is a super cool brand all about democratizing wigs, hair extensions, faux ponies and just about everything in the hair space. We hopped on Zoom to discuss their careers to date, what inspires them as entrepreneurs and beauty lovers, and what's next for them and their brand.There's also New News from Elemis, Charlotte Tilbury, Nars, Gucci and JLo Beauty and is that a Highlight of the Week from The Body Shop?! Listen in to find out more...Find out more about Insert Name Here here:https://inhhair.com/https://www.instagram.com/insertnamehere/And follow Sharon & Jordynn:https://www.instagram.com/immbunny/https://www.instagram.com/jordynn.wynn/——————————————————————————Full Coverage is a podcast for beauty lovers, by beauty lovers. Join professional makeup artist, Harriet Hadfield and unprofessional beauty lover, Lindsey Kelk as they discuss everything happening in the world of makeup, skincare, haircare and beyond.Lindsey Kelk is an internationally bestselling author, lipstick lover and pro-wrestling obsessive who can be found all over social media @lindseykelk and at lindseykelk.comhttp://www.instagram.com/lindseykelkHarriet Hadfield is a professional make-up artist and planner addict, and can be found on her blog and YouTube channel, HarryMakesItUp.com and on Instagram at @harrymakesitup and @hmiuacademyhttp://www.instagram.com/harrymakesitupFull Coverage is edited & produced by Lindsey KelkContact us: hello@fullcoveragepodcast.com—————————————————————————–You can support Full Coverage on Patreon!https://www.patreon.com/fullcoveragepodcastAnd join the Full Coverage conversationhttp://www.facebook.com/groups/140899483207977http://www.facebook.com/FullCoveragePodcasthttp://www.instagram.com/FullCoveragePod See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

Tinh tế radio 4/1: Galaxy S21 ấn đinh ngày ra mắt; Những mong chờ với điện thoại Samsung

BGVV-656_Đêm Giao Thừa Năm Đinh Mão_Sydney_29-01-1987 Podcast ChannelsVô Vi Podcast-Vấn ĐạoVô Vi Podcast-Bài GiảngVô Vi Podcast-Nhạc Thiền

En este episodio de nuestro podcast DE TERAPIAS Y TERAPEUTAS hablamos sobre 6 investigaciones que presentan diferentes tipologías de violencia domestica y conducta agresiva en las relaciones íntimas o relaciones intrafamiliares. La conducta violenta puede ser motivada por diferentes razones. Sin embargo, sobre el tema de qué causa la violencia, siempre han prevalecido los postulados de la Teoría Feminista vs. los postulados de la Teoría de Violencia Intrafamiliar. Aquí te presento el modelo del Continuo de Conflicto y Control, propuesto por Carlson y Jones (2010), donde integran los postulados de ambas teorías, basados en la investigación de las Tipologías de Violencia en las Parejas Intimas. REFERENCIAS: - Carlson, R.G., & Jones, K.D. (2010). Continuum of conflict and control: A conceptualizarion of intimate partner ciolence typologies. The Family Journal: Counseling and Therapy for Couples and Families, (18)3, 248-254. - Gondolf, E.W. (1988). Who are these guys? Toward a behavioral typology of batterers. Violence and Victims, 3, 187-203. - Gottman, J.M., Jacobson, N.S., Rushe, R.H., Shortt, J.W., Babcock, J., La Taillade, J.J., & Waltz, J. (1995). The relationship between heart rate reactivity, Emotionally aggresive behavior, and general violence in batterers. Journal of Family Psychology, 9, 227-248. - Hamberger, L.K., Lohr, J.M., Bonge, D., & Tolin, D.F. (1996). A large sample empirical typology of male spouse abusers and its relationship to dimensions of abuse. Violence Victims, 11, 277-292. - Holtzworth-Munroe, A., & Stuart, G.L. (1994). Typologies of male batterers: Three subtypes and the differences among them. Psychological Bulletin, 116, 476-497. - Johnson, M.P. (1995). Patriarchal terrorism and common couple violence: Two forms of violence against women. Journal of Marriage and Family, 57, 283-294. - Johnson, M.P. (2008). A typology of domestic violence: Intimate terrorism, violent resistance, and situational couple violence. Boston, MA: Northeastern University Press. - Johnson, M.P. (2009). Differenciating among types of domestic violence: Implications for healthy marriages. In H. Elizabeth Peters & Claire M. Kamp Dush (Eds.),Marriage and femily: Perspectives and complexities (pp. 281-297). New York, NY: Columbia University Press. - Simpson, L.E., Doss, B.D., Wheeler, J., & Christensen, A. (2007). Relationship violence among couples seeking therapy: Common couple violence or battering? Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 33, 270-283. --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/mary-ann-martinez/message

Đinh Bôm là một em trai người dân tộc ở Mái ấm khiếm thị Đà Lạt. Em đang học lớp 4 phổ thông cùng các bạn sáng mắt. Em được cô giáo khen học giỏi văn. Trong các bài văn miêu tả của em, thế giới đầy màu sắc. Món ăn thích nhất của em là sushi và đùi gà. Hai năm rồi em chưa ăn lại kể từ khi được khách thăm mua cho. Môn học sợ nhất là Toán vì em phải rờ từng con số để tính, vì viết bằng chữ nổi em không nhớ vị trí của nó. Em tự mày mò sáng tác được 12 bản nhạc nhưng sợ không dám khoe. Nhạc em viết khá hay.

Xin hãy yêu tôi, những lòng thiếu nữ! Tôi chép thơ ca tụng miệng hoa cười Ôi những nàng như liễu, mắt xa xôi! Yêu tôi nhé, tôi vốn người mê đắm! Xin hãy yêu tôi, những lòng hoa thắm! Xuân đã hồng, thu biếc, tôi làm thơ Cửa phòng tôi giăng lưới nhện mong chờ Buồn phơ phất mới trông chiều, ngóng gió Tôi vẫn ở một phòng sầu bé nhỏ Riêng một đèn, một gối, một tình yêu Đời của tôi là giấc mộng ban chiều Tôi lấy bút vẽ con đường vũ trụ - Xin hãy yêu tôi | Đinh Hùng Trong Radio văn Việt Nam tuần trước, chúng ta đã cùng lắng nghe một số bài thơ trong tập Mê Hồn Ca của tác giả Đinh Hùng, một nhà thơ có lẽ không còn xa lạ gì với những độc giả yêu thơ ca Việt Nam giai đoạn tiền chiến. Trong số Radio tuần này, mời các bạn cùng đến với một buổi thảo luận và trò chuyện thú vị với một khách mời quen thuộc của Trạm Radio để cùng hiểu thêm về nhà thơ Đinh Hùng. #TrạmRadio #RadioVănHọc #ĐinhHùng __________ Để cam kết với bạn nghe đài dự án Trạm Radio sẽ chạy đường dài, chúng tôi cần sự ủng hộ của quý bạn để duy trì những dịch vụ phải trả phí. Mọi tấm lòng đều vô cùng trân quý đối với ban biên tập, và tạo động lực cho chúng tôi tiếp tục sản xuất và trau chuốt nội dung hấp dẫn hơn nữa. Mọi đóng góp cho Trạm Radio xin gửi về: Nguyen Ha Trang STK 19034705725015 Ngân hàng Techcombank. Chi nhánh Hà Nội.

Đinh Hùng, con người kỳ lạ xuất hiện trên thi đàn Việt Nam với vóc dáng quái dị của ngôn ngữ làm mê hoặc người yêu thơ. Đinh Hùng, tượng hình cô độc trên vòm trời thi ca Việt Nam vào năm 1940 đến 1945. Tiếng thơ của Đinh Hùng không thuộc về thứ tình cảm chung chung, mà toát ra từ ngôn ngữ ánh sáng diễm ảo, ở trong đó, từng nỗi băn khoăn, từng niềm ước vọng chạy xôn xao như tiếng thời gian đuổi nhau trên rừng cây trút lá. Mê hồn ca xuất hiện trên thi đàn giữa thời loạn ly, đất nước chia đôi nên việc phát hành có phần hạn chế. Tuy vậy, ai đã đọc tác phẩm cũng đều bị cuốn hút, ám ảnh bởi hình ảnh liêu trai, ám ảnh bởi sự sống đầy mộng mị của trần gian và chốn âm cảnh và, cảm phục trí tưởng tượng bay bổng đầy sáng tạo của Đình Hùng. Suốt thi tập, với 40 bài là những bản ngợi ca tình yêu cuồng nhiệt. Những điệp khúc ái ân đắm lòng, cao độ của một tâm hồn lạc lõng, ngơ ngác giữa chợ người, muốn tìm về núi rừng, nguyên thủy. Được sự cho phép của Nhã Nam, Trạm Radio xin trích đọc một số bài thơ của Đinh Hùng trong tập thơ “Mê hồn ca” do Nhã nam xuất bản. Bản quyền sách thuộc về Nhã Nam. #TrạmRadio #RadioVănHọc #ĐinhHùng __________ Để cam kết với bạn nghe đài dự án Trạm Radio sẽ chạy đường dài, chúng tôi cần sự ủng hộ của quý bạn để duy trì những dịch vụ phải trả phí. Mọi tấm lòng đều vô cùng trân quý đối với ban biên tập, và tạo động lực cho chúng tôi tiếp tục sản xuất và trau chuốt nội dung hấp dẫn hơn nữa. Mọi đóng góp cho Trạm Radio xin gửi về: Nguyen Ha Trang STK 19034705725015 Ngân hàng Techcombank. Chi nhánh Hà Nội.

Michael Filler and Matthew Realff discuss Fundamental Manufacturing Process innovations. We explore what they are, dig into historical examples, and consider how we might enable more of them to happen. Michael and Matthew are both professors at Georgia Tech and Michael also hosts an excellent podcast about nanotechnology called Nanovation. Our conversation centers around their paper Fundamental Manufacturing Process Innovation Changes the World. If you’re in front of a screen while you’re listening to this, you might want to pull up the paper to look at the pictures. Key Takeaways Sometimes you need to go down to go back up The interplay between processes and paradigms is fascinating We need to spend more time hanging out in the valley of death Links Fundamental Manufacturing Process Innovation Changes the World(Medium)(SSRN) Michael on Twitter Matthew Realff's Website Michael Filler's Website Nanovation Podcast Topics - The need for the innovator to be near the process - Continuous to discrete shifts - Defining paradigms outlines what progress looks like - Easy to pay attention to artifacts, hard to pay attention - Hard to recreate processes - The 1000x rule of process innovations - Quality vs price improvements - Process innovation as a discipline - Need to take a performance hit to switch paradigms - How to enable more fundamental manufacturing process innovations Transcript [00:00:00] this conversation, I talked to Michael filler and Matthew Ralph about fundamental manufacturing process innovations. We explore what they are, dig into historical examples and consider how we might enable more of them to happen. Michael and Matthew are both professors at Georgia tech and Michael also hosts an excellent podcast about nanotechnology called innovation. Our conversation centered around their paper called fundamental [00:01:00] manufacturing process. Innovation changes the world, which I've looked to in the show notes and highly recommend the fact that they posted it on medium. In addition to more traditional methods, give you a hint that they think a bit outside the normal academic box. However, I actually recommend the PDF version on SSRN, which is not behind a paywall only because it has great pictures for each process that I found super helpful. If you're in front of a screen, while you're listening to this, I suspect that having them handy, it might enhance the conversation. And here we go. the, the place that I'd love to start is, to sort of give everybody a, get them used to both of your voices and sort of assign a personality, a personality to each of you. so if each of you would say a bit about yourselves, and the. The, the sort of key bit that I've loved you to say is to, to focus on something that you believe that many people in your discipline would sort [00:02:00] of cock an eyebrow at because clearly by publishing this piece on medi you sort of identify yourself as not run of the mill professors.   Oh boy. Okay. So we're going to start juicy, real juicy. So I guess I'll go since I'm speaking, this is Mike filler speaking. Great to be here. so I've been a professor of chemical engineering at Georgia tech for a little over 10 years now. my research group works in nanoscale materials and device synthesis and scale up. So for say electronics applications, Yeah. I mean, this article, which we'll talk about emerged from, you know, can I say a frustration that I had around electronics really is where it started for me, at least, that. We have all this focus on new materials or new device physics or new circuit. And I know your listeners are probably thinking about morphic computing or quantum computing, and these are all very cool things, but it seemed to me [00:03:00] that we were entirely missing the process piece. The, how do we build computers? and, and, and circuitry. And, and so that's where this started for me was, starting to realize if we're not dealing with the process piece, that we're, we're missing a huge chunk of it. And I think one of the things is that people, people miss that where within working within the context of something developed 50 or 60 years ago, in many cases, and it's it's was really hidden to a lot of people. And so that, that was where I came at this. Great. All right. So, yeah, so I'm, also a professor of chemical and biomolecular engineering at Georgia tech. my background is actually in process systems engineering. And, if you go back to the late 1960s, early 1970s, actually frankly, before I was a much more than in shorts, there was a, that was a real push towards. The role of process systems engineering in [00:04:00] chemical engineering in it really arose with the, with the advent of computing and the way that computing could be used to help in chemical engineering. And then slowly over time, the, the role of process systems engineering has become, I think, marginalized within the chemical engineering community, it's gone much over towards. What I call science and engineering science in a way from the process systems piece of it. And so, you know, as Mike would, would berate me with the, with his travails over, over what he was trying to do with nano integration and nanotechnology, I realized that what he was doing was describing a lot of the same frustrations I felt with the way that process systems engineering was being marginalized and pushed to the edges of chemical engineering with the. Focus more around fundamental discoveries rather than actually how we translate those fundamental discoveries, into, functioning, processes that then lead to outcomes that affect society. So for me, it, it, it [00:05:00] was a, it was a combination of, talking to Mike and then my own frustrations around how my own field was somewhat marginalized within the context of chemical engineering. Got it. And, sort of to, to anchor everybody and, and start us off. could you just explain what a fundamental manufacturing process innovation it's. So the way we think of fundamental process innovation or manufacturing process innovation is actually rethinking how the steps in a process are organized and connected together. And so that has become the paradigm which we have. we have set for fundamental manufacturing process innovation, and these innovations come in in different categories that enable us to put these processes together. And one of the examples of which for example, is. I'm factoring taking something that has been done together at one process step and separating it into two different steps that occur maybe at different [00:06:00] times or in different places. And by so doing, we actually enable us to make, a tremendous change in the way that that process operates. So it's really around. The strategy for organizing and executing the manufacturing steps and using a set of schema is to sort of understand how over history we have been able to do that. Do you want to add to that mic? Yeah. I want to take a step back outside of manufacturing. So one of the examples we give at the outset of the piece is not in manufacturing, but in shopping something that every single person listening to this can wrap their mind around, I think. and I still love the example cause it just kind of. I miss it every single day. and this is all pre COVID thinking of course, but the idea that say a hundred years ago, and a lot or Western societies, you would go to let's call it the general store. and you'd walk in, go up to the counter. And, if I have a list maybe, and you'd handle lists to the purveyor, and they would go [00:07:00] in the back rows of shelves and they'd pull off what was on your list and they'd bring it out to you, you pay for it and you go on your Merry way. And then, you know, several decades ago, this started to change, probably half century my ex ex ex. Exactly sure. The timing, but, to, to a model, where instead of a single shop keeper, having to interface with many individual, shoppers, it was now many shoppers who did the traversing of those aisles themselves, right? This is at least in Western society is what we are familiar with today as the grocery store or the target or the Walmart. And what you do is you. Trade one thing for another in doing that right. Instead of, the person, the, the purveyor, getting things for you, which from a customer's perspective is very nice. Right? you, you, you no longer have that, right. You're being told. Okay. He used to, yeah, he or she used to get it for you now. You're going to go and traverse the ALS yourself. But you do get something in return as the [00:08:00] shopper. And that is a lower costs because now one store at the same time can be, open to many, many people stopping shopping simultaneously. So, selection goes up, costs go down and there's a benefit for the customer, and the shopkeeper. So this is an example of a process innovation it's the it's still shopping, but it, it takes the old process paradigm and inserts a new one. Excellent. And so you, in your paper, you illustrate eight major historical, fundamental process innovations. And I would love to sort of frame the conversation by walking through them so that, a just because they're great history and B, so that everybody can sort of be anchored on the very concrete, examples while at the same time, I'll, I'll sort of poke at, The, the more sort of abstract questions and ideas around this. so the, the first, [00:09:00] the first one you talked about is the shift from the new Komen to the watt steam production process. So like, what was that? And, and why was that important? it was important because, what it did was it changed fundamentally how we could make power. So the newcomer engine had, the condensation of steam in the same vessel, as, as the, as what was being the vacuum was being pulled to enable the, Pulling of water up from the coal mines in Britain, turns out it's actually 10 mines rather than coal mines, where this was first developed. And what, what did was to factor that's one of a fundamental process schema factor, the two pieces so that the vacuum pulling and the condensation happened in different vessels. And as a result of that, he was able to increase the efficiency of the steam engine by, an order of magnitude. and, and through other innovations that then followed from that. The steam engine became [00:10:00] significantly more efficient. Now, what did that do? Well, the first thing it did was is it meant that you could pump water out of deeper mines, so you could actually now get coal out of deeper mines and so you can increase coal production significantly. The other thing it did, of course, it meant that for the same amount of power, the engine could actually get quite a bit smaller. In fact, it could get small enough that he could actually move itself on rails. And so what that also then enabled was. Stevenson and essentially the invention of railways without the steam engine. You wouldn't have railways with railways. Now, suddenly you can bring the coal, which you've now enabled yourself to dig out of Deepa mines. You can now bring that to manufacturing sentence. So there's a whole follow on set of innovations. And in fact, a complete reorganization it's called the industrial revolution. That is, that is based on these kinds of process innovations. And this was one of the most central ones, right? To that actual outcome was the idea of factoring these students. [00:11:00] Two steps leading to much greater efficiency in the way that a steam engine could be used. And, and that, there's actually two pieces that I think are fascinating about that. And one is, this phenomenon that you see over and over again, where what I would sort of call a continuous efficiency increases, right? Where it's. It was, it was like a fairly steady, increase of efficiency. But then, because as you point out, it eventually got efficient enough that it could power, a rail car that all of a sudden made this like discrete difference in what the process was actually capable. and I feel like you see this in school, many of the examples that you give, and I like, I just love that. And then the other piece. That I believe is the case. Is that, what was, what was, new Cummins apprentice, right? That I'm not sure about that actually. I mean, I think he was familiar with new [00:12:00] comes work. but I don't know if he was actually his apprentice or not in that particular context. W w and the reason that I ask is that, like, do you think that what would have been able to. Create this, this process innovation, if he hadn't been like, sort of actively working with the new Komen engine in the first place. No, I think the answer is, is that without that he, he, you know, you have that you had to have a starting point. And I think he understood, once, once he sold the starting point that, yeah, that was a, there was a way in which he could make this more efficient. the other thing about the, the, the efficiency and the scanning of efficiency is what we see in a lot of these fundamental process innovations is that there is a step change, but not only that, it shows how then off to that fundamental process innovation has happened. That, that can be this continuous increase, right? So there is, it unlocks an enormous potential to suddenly change the game in terms of the efficiency. So, [00:13:00] so the point being that say the original engine was maybe less than, than 3%. Maybe one, 2% efficient. And what, what did with the sort of next version was increased that by an order of magnitude, and then suddenly with that innovation now by better manufacturing, higher pressure vessels, et cetera, you could actually then go into an even higher level of, of efficiency. Not only that, but it drove the development of the sort of discipline of thermodynamics. Now you have to analyze the engines on their efficiencies and understand what could lead to greater efficiency in the future. And so, and you know, entirely scientific discipline was built on top of the, of innovations that were occurring in heat engines. Yeah. Well, I think there's an important point here in the efficiency discussion, right? And Matthew and I have chatted about this. A fair amount is that you kind of have the efficiency piece and as you're pointing out, Ben, it's really critical. Look it up for some threshold with a lot of these, but efficiency is kind of zero to a hundred, [00:14:00] right? And then you have the whole cost throughput piece. And as we show in the piece, you have many orders of magnitude possible gains on that side of the equation. and some of it goes hand in hand with efficiency, but I sometimes think that that is there's an overemphasis, often on efficiency.   you gotta get through the threshold and then recognize that the driving down of costs or increasing of throughput can happen, you know, a million X, you know, as, as for example, the planar process of integrated circuit shows it's more than a million X decrease in cost over time. Yeah. And, and this, this idea is that, that you point out about almost sort of like the process innovation, defining a paradigm that then sort of sets the pack for things is, is a theme that we'll like, let's, let's almost like poke it that as we, as we go through through everything else. and, before we move on, I guess the last piece, [00:15:00] sort of going back to. like Watts familiarity with the process in the first place. And sort of tying it back to to today is, I guess what, what's your take on sort of like the, the, the familiarity that the people who are working on cross as possible process innovations have with the processes now, Let's see, I probably phrased that a little bit weird, but, I guess my concern is that there's, there's more of a separation between the people that we expect to do the innovating and the people who are working on the processes. So, so yeah, this is a really critical point. I mean, what we have done in the modern innovation enterprise right, is we've split, so-called fundamental research with applied research. and, these examples, many, the ones that we give are really squarely between the two and they need both [00:16:00] to function. And so this is, for this kind of innovation or real. I think a real issue with the current way, things are set up, because it requires some knowledge of the science that's kind of emerging. It requires some knowledge of some engineering, and it's a matter of integrating these things. And it's not, so much, I think what the prevailing view of the world is, which is fundamental innovation gets developed and leads to some specific technology. It happens between the two. and so that's, that is, that is, That is a theme I think, and these innovations and it's something that I think today is harder to do. we could talk for a long time about why it's harder to do, but it's harder to do today. Cool. Well, we'll, we'll we'll. Circle back on that, as, as we get sort of closer to the present. so can I say one more thing? This is such a good example, but everyone knows the, the watt engine and we are very careful to call it, the watt, what do we call it? We call it the [00:17:00] walk process, right? We call it the what process, what process for energy generation or something like that. But yeah, we focus on the process and I think this is one of the reasons why these kinds of manufacturing innovations are missed all the time is that you focus on the engine, the physical thing that carries out the process and you're missing that. Oh, actually, what, what did was he factored these two steps? It's still a machine like new Coleman's machine, but in the end, what made it so powerful was the underlying process that. It carried out. And I think that that is one of the reasons why these manufacturing innovations are missed in manufacturing versus in other areas where process is talked about much more frequently. So I wanted to make sure, well, actually, as long as we're on that topic, I want to, sort of the talk like the. call out the sort of obsession with novelty in academia, where like, [00:18:00] if like, it's, it's really important to call out the, the process innovation. Because if you look at it just as like steam power, then you could sit, like you could sit a lot, like what's novel, like near your dinner, your power from steam, new colon generated power from steam. and so, so we, like, we need to. Really sort of pay attention to what's going on on the inside and like how that really different, even though on the outside, it does not look that different. For sure. And, and I think the point that we arrived at there is, is, is when we went back into deep history and asked ourselves, well, what do we call the ages of the past? And we call them things like the INH. We don't call it the smelting age. Right. Right, right. We could, we could call it by the process, but we don't, we call it by the thing that was made. you know, we don't, we don't talk, we talk about Flint's and we talk about Flint arrows. We don't talk about the ways in [00:19:00] which those flints were shaped into arrowheads, the flaking and the, and the, and the. But essentially those kinds of processes, which we don't even know in many cases how to reproduce and they lose that knowledge for, for many, many years. In fact centuries, the one example we use in the paper is that a Roman concrete, you know, we were able to, to look at Roman buildings, but we were not able to reproduce them because we had lost the, the recipe. We lost the recipe for making, concrete, with the, with the sort of dissipation of the Roman empire. And so in fact, we couldn't reproduce these buildings, so we could look at them, but we couldn't reproduce them because we had lost the process. Well, I think that that's so key to point out because it's almost what, like similar to the, the streetlight effect where, it's, it's so much easier to look at and point out and talk about the, the artifact. but it's, it's, not as legible what work went into making and even, even now, like, even [00:20:00] now, when you like, literally when everybody's writing everything down, it's still, there are so many little things that go into these processes, that are sort of illegible. and I think that it's. Easy to forget about that and think like, Oh, well, you know, someone wrote it up. Therefore we know everything that can be known about it. Yeah. History is kind of similar, right? The history. Yeah. We, we, we look back on history and we don't see the generator of the history. Yeah. So it's, it's often very hard to get our true handle on what it was that led to certain phenomenon. We, we, we look back and we start to come up with theories. and I mean maybe sometimes they're right. Sometimes they're wrong. We don't have, we have some ways of knowing and other areas. We have no way of knowing because it's, what happened is lost to time. Yeah. Sorry. This is kind of very similar in terms of the fleeting nature of processes. Yeah. And, and, and the fact that it's not easy, I think it should be born out [00:21:00] by anybody who's ever tried to read the materials and methods, sections of academic papers, because you will discover that very rarely do the researchers actually document the materials and methods in sufficient detail to actually reproduce them. There's a, there's a, there's something that they do in the lab that they just forget to write down. That's actually absolutely critical to make the, the, the, the material process work. you'll just discover that they, Oh yeah, we soaked it in methanol for 60 minutes. Oh, I'm sorry. We left that out. you know, there's, there's there are, there are easy to leave out these steps that turn out to be crucial, but they're not the final artifact that's being exhibited in the paper. Yeah. Yeah, there's this, there's this, sorry, there's this, this kind of discussion in, today in science about irreproducibility and we have this reproduction crisis and okay. Maybe we can be doing a better job, but I think a lot of it it's just, as Matthew's describing it's stuff that is not obvious you, as the experimenter are doing the experiment. You, even, if you wrote [00:22:00] down absolutely everything you thought you did. There are things you didn't even realize you were doing that were central to the process and it gets lost. And that, that to me is likely the main source of a lot of these, these issues. Yeah. I wonder what would happen if we actually had a system where you just videoed, literally everything that someone did in a process and then, like captured every key stroke on their computer and it would be it. Yeah, but , I wonder, I wonder whether it would just be completely, unintelligible or  whether there'd be something useful that came out of it. Just for the sake of time. I love, yeah, let's move on the second of eight. so, the, the, the second process you talk about is, the, the, the foreigner process for continuous papermaking, which I did not know anything about before I read this. so yeah, like what, what was that, why was it important? So, so here is it's a lot like, what,   Gutenberg good with the press. but, [00:23:00] paper prior to this innovation was Preston single sheets and dried as single sheets. basically a fully integrated process on one sheet of paper. And, what, continuous papermaking did was it took each of those steps and separated them into individual components. So that's a factoring schema, as we describe in the paper, where you first throw down the slurry of pulp. Right. And then, there's a section where you let the water drain. you consolidate the Pope down into something that's like a sheet, and then you push that sheet through rollers. and then you dry it, but each of those steps are different, right? The pulp deposition, the rolling and the drying are separated in space and time now. Whereas before they were more or less in the same space. And so that, that factoring allows you to scale up by orders and orders of magnitude, that production rate of paper. And so we talk a lot about Gutenberg's press, being central to mass literacy and it clearly [00:24:00] was. But, and, and we're not the first people to point this out, Tim Harford, who I like a lot who writes for the financial times and his own books, has talked about this where, you need to have the continuous paper. Manufacturing piece so that you could get those books to so many more people. And it was really both of those together that, that led to that. The other point I was going to make about that is, is it also revealed that we, that we were going to that as soon as we were able to, you know, produce, paper at large rates, we needed some sort of raw material that could also be produced. At large rates. And so this idea that you are going to continue to use rags as the, as the input, suddenly became difficult. And so people had to scout around for other forms of fiber that you could use. And that's really what led to the whole, you know, creation of, of the pulping industry that, that takes what. Well on the face of it, a tree doesn't exactly. Look like paper, takes a tree and turns it into something that you can make a make paper out of. [00:25:00] So again, it's this upstream and downstream it's the, the downstream effect is, is. The societal mass literacy, the upstream effect is, is the, is the creation of a, of an entire industry around, you know, turning trees into, into pulp. and so some people might disagree with doing that, but, but the bottom line is, is that's what enabled, the, those two pieces to be driven was the creation of the, of the, of, of papermaking in the, in the middle of that. Yeah. And something that. So, did you have a sense of how people were thinking about papermaking? Oh, for, before for generic came up with process that is like, did, did they realize that it should be possible to make paper more efficiently? Or was it just like, just that's the way it wants? because I feel like so many of these process innovations. [00:26:00] There are people just sort of accept whatever level of whatever process we have. And we're like, Oh, like that's the way it is. Yeah. Maybe we can make it a little better until something new comes along. One of the things we were careful to do in the piece. And I'll be honest because we're not historians is to, to try to stay away a little bit from like the, the, the driving forces. Right. And kind of what people were thinking. I'm really focused on the mechanisms. And that's one of the things, you know, I've really enjoyed learning from people who are in the, the progress studies community, that emerging community. in general, I find that they really know a lot about history and that's great. and we really wanted to make sure we could pay attention to mechanism at the, at the actual innovation level. and so I guess I'm saying that as a long winded answer to say, I don't know how they thought about it. but, you know, but I think that there's kind of been a shift over time. you know, Matthew was sending me, show me something from scientific American recently. [00:27:00] They just, what was their anniversary? Matthew? A 175th. I can't remember what that is in Latin, but, but it's, it's a very long and complicated word. Yeah. But  DECA. Yes, exactly. Quickie and no versary. Yes. It's something like that. I buy, if I pumped up, I could go get my issue and they have it in there, but, but it is, it's quite a complicated word. That's all I remember. And they have a article in there talking about the shift in how people speak, spoke about science and engineering. And, h hundred years ago, there was this kind of more engineering processing, which that was far more common. And then around at the time of world war two, it kind of shifted, be more about science and the emphasis on science. At least as far as that magazine goes, but I think the magazine is probably fairly representative of the endeavor as a whole. And so, yeah, that's, that's kind of fascinating. You're saying, did they appreciate, whether the process could be [00:28:00] better? And my gut feeling is they maybe in, in the 18 hundreds, they appreciated that it could be better, more. Did they have an appreciation for how much better that's that's probably dubious. Right? I think most of these, if you went back and asked the original innovator. Did you know, you were setting us on a pathway or a trajectory that led to, you know, the world, as we know it today, I think they'd probably be like, wow, no, I did not expect that. I just was trying to make an extra buck. Yeah. But I think it's like, it's actually almost like a powerful, admonition people to sort of like, keep in mind the different schemas that you lay out and just to like walk around the world. Saying like, Oh, like, could this, could this apply here? and it almost like gives you a bit of humility that it might be possible that like these could always happen. that's for us, that's kind of [00:29:00] emerging from doing this and we're, we're continuing to work on, on, on next pieces basically is a kind of a thousand X heuristic. Whereas you have a two D technology today and you ask yourself, can I do it a thousand X cheaper or a thousand X faster? with the way we do it today? if the answer is yes. Okay, great. And you're really competent that if the answer is no, it may be time for a process innovation. Maybe to us a thousand X is, is sufficiently beyond someone,   you know, giving you the pop out answer. Of course, we've made progress in the last 10 years and I expect more progress. Well, that's kind of a cop out answer. A thousand X is quite a bit faster or quite a bit a higher throughput. So that's, I think that's a good metric for anyone working on any technology. and I think COVID COVID is a great example of what we've been experiencing in the last, however many months. It feels like two years, and you know, we needed rapid vaccine [00:30:00] manufacturing. We needed rapid testing, basically a thousand X faster. And we didn't really have that capability in hand and people have done tremendous work right in the, in the intervening months to try and get us a lot closer. I know Matthew has done some work on this. but when the whole thing started, we hadn't really thought about it so much yet. How could we speed up this a thousand X? And so for us, it's a pretty good heuristic is that, is I like that a lot. That is a very powerful heuristic. and it's also like it's, it's aggressively ambitious, which really, really does speak to me. cool. And so, let's, let's talk about the, the Bessemer process for steel manufacturing, which, His age is really cool. everybody listening, go check out the pictures. so, so what is that and why was it important? So again, I think it was important because what it led to obviously was a, was a, a better steel and, steel that you could make. Again, as Mike has pointed out, you could [00:31:00] make,   the steel significantly faster than the existing processes. and what it came down to was was, was a recognition that actually to remove the impurities from the steel, you, you could blow air through the steel. That that would cause a reaction that would cause the steel to heat up. Whereas if you think about blowing edge generally, if you blow on things, it makes things colder. So this idea that you would blow air through something to make it hotter was was, was obviously a, you know, something you do in bellows and had been at. Had been thought about in terms of bellows, but actually literally blowing the air through the steel was, was not something that had been done and, and combined with that idea was also this idea that by removing all the impurities and making essentially something that was, that was pure. And then adding back dosing back impurities after you've purified. So that you had control over the composition instead of attempting to stop right at the moment when you had exactly the [00:32:00] right amount of carbon, for example, in the steel, that, that was then another powerful idea that came about. So, so the Bessemer process really. Had a profound impact, both in terms of, again, how much steel you could make in a given amount of time, because it increased the rate by this heating, and then also the control of quality by this site, this very counterintuitive idea of removing all the impurities and then adding something back in order to get to the, to the final product that you wanted. That led then to, to much stronger steels than had been capable of being produced previously and much higher quality control too. I mean, that was a key piece of that. And so actually on that point, you, you, you, you note that the, the best word process led to, three order magnitude, three orders of magnitude increase in, in steel production. And, I'm not, this is something that I, I always wonder about with the, these process innovations that both make it cheaper and [00:33:00] increase the quality, Do you have a sense of whether the order of magnitude increase was primarily due to sort of like moving down the supply demand curve, where there was just like people, you know, because the see was cheaper, they would consume more of it or was it primarily driven by, by new applications of the higher quality steel? obviously it was both, but it's interesting to think about like, which of those. Ends up being, I think the high quality in this case was a, was a very critical factor in the, in the, in the equation poly, because one of the things that opened up was is it opened up the idea of making steel rights, as opposed to what was made from iron rails and steel rails were able to bear a huge, a significant amount, more weight. And because of the fact that they could bear more weight. Now, suddenly again, you could increase the distances and volumes of which trade could happen. And so this, this was one of the reasons why, for example, you could spread [00:34:00] all the way across the United States because you could connect the resource rich West to the, population rich East. with, you know, now a much more powerful, communications network driven by, you know, the steel rails that you were able to produce. So I think that a lot of it was, was, was, you know, bound up with this idea that suddenly now this new application came, came about, that you could do much as the steam engine sort of. When you were able to move the steam engine with its fuel, you now actually could even start that whole process going. So, so again, it's this knock on effect, here, follow up on that and just make the connection for everyone that the efficiency threshold we talked about with watt is very similar to the strength threshold Matthew's talking about with steel. Right. And cross that threshold to a new material, a new strength threshold, but then it was really this driving up production, driving down costs by orders of magnitude. And yeah, we, we got better [00:35:00] higher stress, but you're not going to change the strength of something by a million times. Right. Right. So again, it's, it's kind of these two columns, the efficiency or performance column, and then the manufacturing scale column. Right. And, and going on to the next process in the, in that, in that, in our list, the calorie cracking process, again, you have that same, juxtaposition. You have the fact that by factoring the catalyst regeneration from the production of the fuel, you enabled yourself now to have a continuous process. which enabled you to increase the throughput in terms of the barrels of oil that you could, you could bring through this process, you enabled it to be increased significantly, but also this innovation was happening at a, at a time period where aviation in war was a significant factor and the quality of the fuel that you actually produced. Out of the, out of the catalytic cracking process was higher than the quality of fuel you [00:36:00] produced just by distilling off a certain fraction of the, of the crude oil. And so what you were able to do essentially was, was have a higher performance aircraft engine that was quite significant in terms of its power to, to wait. A ratio in terms of what it could deliver. And so that gave a, you know, allied aircraft, actually a significant boost in performance by having this fuel available to them. And again, provided a significant driving force to scale up the process, which again, went up by a factor of at least a thousand, over the course of, two or three years. Yeah. It's these numbers like whatever, would it be? Say these numbers it's still sort of crazy because it feels like. So many things, focus on like getting, you know, like 10% more efficiency. whereas like, like truly getting to a thousand thousand Xs is like mind boggling. So, I believe this was the case for catalog cracking, and I know that it's the case for many process innovations, [00:37:00] where, at first the, the innovation actually makes the process less efficient like wall while you sort of are figuring out how to get everything working. And then, once you do that, then it makes the whole thing skyrocket. and so I, I guess, The question is like, do you have a sense of how people sort of got past got out of these, like these local equilibria where, you know, if you went to someone you're like, Hey, I want to think less efficiently so that eventually it will become more efficient. so like how, how these, these things even got through. I'm not sure I have any great answers except perseverance. I mean, I think a lot of this stuff comes down to, to the inventor, really, you know, from their experience from their early work on, innovation recognizing in themselves and in their work, that there is the potential, even if right now it's not quite there. you know, [00:38:00] Bessemer was the same thing where, you know, you first,   licensed the patent to people and they could reproduce what he did. So the separation of full separation of impurities came later, so that people could reproduce it. So that was a reproducibility problem in the beginning, not so much a strength problem. and, yeah, I don't know. I think a lot of this just comes down to the person, saying I see it just like any of today's, you know, visionaries we talk about in the innovation space and then just keep hammering on it. Yeah, right. I mean, there's counterfactuals, right? So sorry, Matthew. I mean, it was just, we can't, we don't know the ones where the person didn't hammer on it and it never came to fruition. So it's hard to know. Right. I'm going to string together, you know, a few thousand laptop batteries and stick them on the bottom of, of a, of a car. And that is going to create a company called Tesla. Right. so, so, so the answer is, is, is it's very hard to predict, obviously a and B the T's about a lot of it is about [00:39:00] perseverance and certainly Elon Musk will we'll talk at length about the fact that he, he. He's thinks his quality is perseverance. And that it's, that that's, that's very important in this context or I'm going to have a rocket that goes up into the air and then eventually pirouettes and lands on a, on a platform floating in the middle of the seat. so these, these are, these are, you know, innovations where, where certainly the, the individual involved has plays a pretty signature. If you can, too, to the perseverance necessary to get it to that stage. But, but it's also important to recognize, right. That it's not perseverance along the existing trajectory. Right. It's stepping aside trying to establish a brand new trajectory and pushing on that. And I think sometimes those, those two are missed a lot. When you use the word perseverance people, miss that. It's it's, it's also this stepping outside of the existing trajectory. Yeah. I I'm, I'm particularly interested in whether we can like. Create Mehta innovations in sort of [00:40:00] roadmapping out what that stepping aside looks like. So instead of just, I'm saying like, okay, we're gonna go this other way. Like really sort of saying, we'd go this other way. And like, this is what it will take to get this too. Do that, that thousand X to hopefully make it easier for, these individuals too. So just convince other people that they're not crazy, when, when they don't maybe have a couple of million dollars to go off and like blow up rockets on an Island. Yeah. It's I think it's, it's, it's hard to figure out. I mean, look at, look at the bottleneck that emerged that Matthew was talking about and continuous paper manufacturing. I, you know, I think I'm pretty sure when they started, developing that process, they didn't expect that to be the next roadblock. Right. but it was, and so, so again, this comes back to the perseverance thing. I think, I think you can try and outline it stuff, but there's going to be roadblocks. And you probably should. Right? Don't just, this is not just serendipitous. I think there's a certain kind of [00:41:00] force that comes with these things that people push on the innovations. but you know, recognizing that there's going to be one new bottlenecks that emerge, but not to let those discourage you and that, you know, this, they think of them as, you know, motivating new science and engineering and, and that's how I view a lot of this stuff. And, and yeah, that's what I would say, Matthew. Yeah. And, and actually on the note of sort of unexpected bottlenecks, I think that that's another key point is that, like so much science and engineering does come out of trying to implement things and then running into bottlenecks that you can't even expect. Right. Like, instead of trying to like, imagine everything through,   cool. So just in it for the sake of time, let's talk about the, the planar process for integrated circuitry, which like arguably, has been the driving force of at least the second half of the 20th century. [00:42:00] Yeah, and I think it's often a missed, right. We talk about the integrated circuit and information technology, and miss the fact that there's this process underlying it, that has enabled us to interconnect. I mean, it's in certain settings, it's hundreds of billions of transistors now. Right. And so, in the early days, everything was discreet. just like everything else, everything was modular and discrete components. Yeah, transistors were all sold as single tracks. I would tell them that way. Yeah, exactly. No, no. Yeah. I'll, I'll take three. And, they, P people have the idea of interconnecting them. We, we were building computers. We recognized how hard it was to take these modular components with the technology of the time and integrate them. the other thing that was happening at the same time was some science. And actually, this is one of the cool things about the planar process was that there was science going on. Where there was a recognition that embedding these electronic devices all the way inside a single crystal, Silicon wafer gave you much better performance. [00:43:00] And so it was kind of the realization that you could jam these things inside the top surface of a wafer. There was also surface passivation, for those who are familiar with this process, that was key to making the devices good once they were embedded, but then once they were inside the wafer, the top surface remained flat. but they were embedded. Right. but the, the technology before that was what they used to call Mesa technology, where the transistors were kind of built on top, like mesas and Utah or Arizona, but putting them in, okay. The wafer left the top surface flat and much easier to interconnect using this development of photo lithography. And then it went from there. and, and so that, that was the key innovation, was this extreme parallelization basically. of embedding, not just a single transistor, but thousands and then millions and billions of transistors. And I want to also point out, you know, The, the, the trajectory that, that set us on as described by Moore's law, [00:44:00] this idea that we, decrease the size, increase the number at a, at a rate that's, gives us Moore's law and, and potentially that's slowing down. that's another one of the features of process innovations in many cases is that they, they eventually will run out of steam. and, I, I think we're starting to see this with the planar process, where it's had a tremendous runway. but we're getting to the point where the underlying assumptions of it may no longer not, they're not going to go away, but that we may benefit from an alternative way of building circuitry. Yeah. The, these processes they're, their effects tend to fall as you point out, tend to follow S-curves. Right. So that's, we're sort of, you see it when you start to like hit the top of that. S-curve that's when you need to think about like these fundamental process innovations. I think we've been at the top of the S curve for a long time, the processing, I mean the prediction of the [00:45:00] end of Moore's law. And I say that in quotes, it has been around for decades and, always been able to get around it. and that's impressive. It's a Testament to the scientists and engineers that work in the industry. But, you know, you can only get so small. yeah, that was an interesting thing here about biases also that, the planar process biased us towards miniaturization, right. biased us. But one of the central tenants of the planar process is perfection at every step. Once you put transistors in the solid wafer and you can't pull them out very easily, or really you can't, if they're defective, You're now in a world where every transistor up to these tens of billions, we're talking about better, be really close to. Perfect. And, so what that drives you towards it incentivizes you to, not change too much about the process and find a trajectory that allows you to still increase performance. And that trajectory was just shrinking thing. Don't change the materials too much. Don't change the [00:46:00] processes by a large amount to shrink stuff. And that was very synergistic, right? That's Moore's law and it's a tremendous success, but it did incentivize us down that pathway. And it's a bias that process innovation set up and that other innovations would set us up to go in a different direction. Yeah. Yeah. That's the, the counterfactuals are fascinating. And, and, and another thing that I think is really interesting about the, the planet process. and, and it happens in other places where,   horny, who, who came up with it happened to have had experience with printing, if I remember correctly. And so you tend to see these, these situations where like someone who has experienced in like a completely different discipline. Just so happens to be interacting with the process and say like, Oh, Hey, perhaps this thing from this other discipline can be applied in this process. and I wonder if there are that, like, do you have an incentive, like sort of better ways to get that to [00:47:00] happen? well I do, which is to create a specific, discipline around, this. So, so I, you know, if I'm going to take a very strong position here, I would say we need, we need a discipline of process studies. where we do try to lead, you know, young minds because ours have too inflexible at this point, across these different kinds of examples and allow them to see the connections between the different processes in different technological domains. And that may be, although that's not a, not a, a pedagogical, certainly that will be this opportunity. They will then connect these ideas in some other manufacturing domain, or even across. for example, service domains, I do see that there is this general principle around process innovation, manufacturing, so potentially, possibly founded on the schema that we've, that we've outlined that could enable people to see these [00:48:00] connections and start to use ideas from one process discipline in another. And so factoring could be sunny appears as we've said, in, in services. And it could appear in other manufacturing domains as well. So, so I would advocate for a borough, sort of a discipline that's built around this, these ideas so that we could lead people to make this more efficient in terms of our discovery. Wait, Mike's refraining. No. I, I, I agree. I think probably the things we're talking about or the discipline Matthew's talking about, I would liken it a lot to the role mathematics plays, right? Mathematics is its own discipline. it's separate, but all of the engineering and sciences use it. and so this is kind of similar and we were very careful, to pick out to process innovations that span the gamut. We really, we think, I think it's hard to argue that any of the eight we picked, were not really impactful. but they, they really [00:49:00] span a whole variety of, of disciplines kind of showing that it really is everywhere, but we don't recognize it as, so as pervasive as something like mathematics. and, I, I don't want to be heard as saying, well, we're as important as mathematics. mathematics has been along around a long time, but it's something akin to that. Right? I think the one place that I think it's different and would need to be adjusted somehow is that there's there isn't a ton. I mean, there are some, but like there isn't a whole lot of feedback loops between. Matt and the, all the other disciplines that math, enables. so the, so like occasionally you'll see like a mathematical problem. That's been inspired by a, a sort of more applied problem. whereas I imagine in some kind of, process innovation discipline, you really do need to have these, like these feedback [00:50:00] loops. Between, the, the discipline and the, and the sort of like the effective disciplines and sort of like setting up those, those feedback loops seems, important and harder. Yeah. Discipline is hard. Yes, absolutely. And I think with mathematics, we may have been doing it for so long that we don't see it. Right. I think, I think, you know, if you think about astronomy, for example, astronomy uses uses mathematics falling objects, is one of the inspirations for a lot of, a lot of mathematics. And so sometimes I think we know that mathematics has become the problems in mathematics have become so embedded with each other in some sense that we don't see that we need to create that, that, that feedback loop. Right. whereas, you know, geometry, for example, is another one, where, whereas in, in process, I agree with you. It's still something that I think is despite us having, you know, used [00:51:00] processes since we were, you know, since we were time in Memorial, right. We haven't really set up that as a formal means of, of analyzing the way we, the way we do things, right? I mean, that's, that's, if you like, it's the science of the way we do things. and that's what we need to, we need to think about and actually put that out. I'm going to argue against myself and, and there's, there's tons of examples of math, being inspired by, by applications where like, look at information theory, right? Like the whole reason that. We have information theories because they wanted to see how much information they could cram in a single copper wire. So, so I will actually rescind that really. Yes, I think so. And I, and I think the other thing there is, is look how impactful, what is the impactful mathematics? It is actually, I mean, in some sense, almost by default, but it is the sorts of things where now, you know, where information theory was obstructed away from the app, from the original idea. And [00:52:00] now has come back to influence a whole range of. Of of applications beyond that. And that's, that's the, the value. And I think that's the same thing with process innovation, right? If we could abstract away find the, find the, the, the core of that as a discipline that could then come back and influence a whole range of, of the way that we do things. Yeah. And, and so, so I do want to be respectful of both of your times. so, what I will do is encourage people, listening to go look, read, like, read the paper, to discover, the, the last three, fundamental process innovations. And the way I'd love to close is, sort of beyond reading this paper, like, how do you think that we could. Get beyond, reading the paper and Vicky about a new discipline. Like what, what are ways to get more of more fundamental process innovations? Well, I think we, we, at least in some, [00:53:00] some amount of our innovation sequence, need to recognize that there are things that happen. Within the Valley of death. So, you know, we talk a lot about the Valley of death as something to cross. first of all, Valley death is very manmade because we've split fundamental science and applied science and processes. An example where the splits are really bad thing. And instead of crossing it, we should look at at it as we want to go into it and hang out in it. Yeah, right. I think this is one of the issues with it. This course is it's all about something bad versus no, it's actually where we need to be. for, for certain innovations. you know, I think you think about the Nobel prize from this last week for CRISPR like that, that is squarely in my mind, that is a discovery. It's a fundamental discovery and it'll be translated that that's kind of the conventional view of things, but there we are not doing ourselves any favors by. By having the scale too [00:54:00] much on the fundamental side and that we should at least rebalance a little bit and force ourselves down into that Valley. Just hang out. Yeah. Love it. Matthew, what do you think. Yes. I think the, the stepping away from some of the things that we take for granted, like electronics manufacturing, and, and considering Mike's question around what would make this a thousand X,   better in some dimension. Is is, is really the way that we can, that we can make progress. And again, your point was very well taken, which is sometimes when we get better at something, we're going to get worse at something else. Right. And, and it could be that we're going to have to accept that we will not have circuitry that behaves as, as, as well, or as fast as it did previously. But now we may have gained in some other dimension. So again, it's about taking the blinkers off and not saying, okay, we have to have these particular metrics [00:55:00] always be improving, but think about how through processes. We may take some other metric and now make that significant it'd be better than it was previously. And then. Hang out and see what happens as Mike said, because by doing so, we may in fact then lead ourselves to improve other areas as well. And that, that could then lead to the kinds of scalings we saw with making steel, making paper or making energy. And so that's what we really need to think about. Here are my key takeaways. Sometimes you need to go down, go back up. The interplay between processes and paradigms is absolutely fascinating. And we don't talk about it enough. And finally, we need to spend more time hanging out in the Valley of death. [00:56:00]

Je reçois et à distance, Valentin Blanchot, le co-fondateur de Siècle Digital . Sa devise : "Les sujets inhérents au numérique doivent être compris de tous !" Siècle digital, c'est quoi ?  A la base, c'est un un blog créé par deux étudiants, devenu un média tendance incontournable de vulgarisation du numérique et de la tech qui fête aujourd’hui ses 6 ans. Nous avons parlé de son aventure entrepreneuriale pour faire de ce média une référence. De la prise de risque pour créer son entreprise qui est une aubaine lorsque l'on a moins de trente ans, des erreurs qui permettent d'apprendre, des coulisses des réseaux sociaux et en particulier de la guerre entre chine et US autour de TikTok.

inh tế radio 11/7: Đề xuất cấm loa kéo; trên tay TV đỉnh cao nhất hiện nay

Tuberculosis Meds. Rifampin, INH, isoniazid, Pyrazinamide, Ethambutol Free quiz & full course at https://Simplenursing.com/nursing-school  Pharmacology Master Class - 100 videos not on YouTube - Try it for Free!    Pharmacology Master Class - Try it for Free: https://Simplenursing.com/nursing-school  100 videos not on YouTube    FREE Access to new app + 1,000 videos not on youtube!  https://Simplenursing.com/nursing-school   NCLEX FREE TRIAL:  https://simplenursing.com/NCLEX   STAY IN TOUCH

Horrorpitchuana! El Miedo do Montezuma! Deseperocaplak! Pânicoquatzuplack! Michael Jordan Anão! Inhácaraio! No episódio desta semana nos reunimos para falar sobre o longa metragem Projeto Solo (SOLO - 1996) estrelado pelo Mario Van Peebles, filho do Melvin Van Peebles o famoso Bad Baaaad Asssssss! E além de nossa resenha habitual você ouvirá o Exumador se acabando na ópera e muito papo sobre outros filmes de ciborgues. Então aumentem seus iPods porque mais um Podtrash está no ar! Duração: 94'55''Média TD1P: 2,6 ELENCO Almighty, o Estagiário de Chinelos!Bruno "Gunfree" GunterDemétrius "Anjo Negro" Santos Douglas Fricke, o ExumadorShin Koheo, o Maratonista nu!Edson Oliveira ARTE DO BANNER Shin Koheo EXTRAS DESTE PODTRASH Projeto Solo no IMDbTrailer do Solo (IMDb)Assista o Solo (em Inglês) Escute esta playlist no Spotify! FEEDS E LINKS DO PODTRASH Podtrash na iTunes StorePodtrash no SpotifyFeed completo do PodtrashFeed sem os Lado BFeed do Lado BCanal do Podtrash no YoutunerParticipe do Grupo “Esse Merece um Podtrash” lá no Facebook!Participe do grupo do Telegram dos Ouvintes do PodtrashConheça a Loja de Camisetas As Baratas! CONTATOS DO PODTRASH podtrash@td1p.com@podtrashFacebook do PodtrashCaixa Postal 34012 – Rio de Janeiro, RJ - CEP 22460-970 CAPA DESTE PODTRASH

Hoy hablamos de La Perra, la novela breve de Pilar Quintana.

In Episode 2 of Earned, Tribe Dynamics co-founder Conor Begley chats with Jordynn Wynn, co-founder of rising hair extensions brand Insert Name Here (yes, that's the name!) and marketing director at ColourPop. Raised in a small Montana town, Jordynn reveals how she wound up becoming the first official hire at ColourPop at age 21, and pulls back the curtain on the brand's humble beginnings. Jordynn also shares why she, alongside former Pepperdine classmate and ColourPop colleague Sharon Pak and entrepreneur Kevin Gould, decided to enter the hair space and found wig, ponytail, and extensions brand Insert Name Here. We unpack how Jordynn's learnings from ColourPop inform INH's marketing strategy, and discuss the active role social media influencers have played in the hair brand's initial success.

Listen H.E.R. play "Going" (Interlude), "Feel A Way", "Hard Place" and "Focus" at the Tiny Desk. --- It's been said that you only get one chance to make a first impression. In H.E.R.'s case, you get two. She stunned us as a special guest for Daniel Ceasar's Tiny Desk concert earlier this year, in an appearance that showcased her vocal mastery. That earned her an invite to play again, front-and-center. She attacked her second go 'round with more fervor than the first, highlighting her skills as a multi-instrumentalist, maneuvering between acoustic and electric guitars, then the Fender Rhodes. --- Team UNPLUGGED.

In the first of two podcasts, Dr. Tara McMichael, a board certified Internist with Lakeview Clinic, and hospitalist with Ridgeview Medical Center, discusses liver function tests, and presents a few cases she has seen in her practice. Enjoy the podcast! Objectives:     Upon completion of this podcast, participants should be able to: Identify the appropriate next steps when discovering abnormal liver function tests. Identify how to diagnose cirrhosis, autoimmune hepatitis, and cholecystitis. Address appropriate 2nd and 3rd line testing for abnormal LFTs. CME credit is only offered to Ridgeview Providers for this podcast activity. Complete and submit the online evaluation form, after viewing the activity.  Upon successful completion of the evaluation, you will be e-mailed a certificate of completion within 2 weeks.  You may contact the accredited provider with questions regarding this program at  rmccredentialing@ridgeviewmedical.org. Click on the following link for your CME credit: CME Evaluation: "Abnormal Liver Function Tests (LFTs) - Part 1" (**If you are listening to the podcasts through iTunes on your laptop or desktop, it is not possible to link directly with the CME Evaluation for unclear reasons. We are trying to remedy this. You can, however, link to the survey through the Podcasts app on your Apple and other smart devices, as well as through Spotify, Stitcher and other podcast directory apps and on your computer browser at these websites. We apologize for the inconvenience.)  The information provided through this and all Ridgeview podcasts as well as any and all accompanying files, images, videos and documents is/are for CME/CE and other institutional learning and communication purposes only and is/are not meant to substitute for the independent medical judgment of a physician, healthcare provider or other healthcare personnel relative to diagnostic and treatment options of a specific patient's medical condition.”    FACULTY DISCLOSURE ANNOUNCEMENT  It is our intent that any potential conflict should be identified openly so that the listeners may form their own judgments about the presentation with the full disclosure of the facts. It is not assumed any potential conflicts will have an adverse impact on these presentations. It remains for the audience to determine whether the speaker’s outside interest may reflect a possible bias, either the exposition or the conclusions presented. Planning committee members and presenter(s) have disclosed they have no significant financial relationship with a pharmaceutical company and have disclosed that no conflict of interest exists with the presentation/educational event. SHOW NOTES: INTRODUCTION: Dr. Tara McMichael is joining us today, who is a board certified internist with Lakeview Clinics, as well as a hospitalist at Ridgeview Medical Center. She did her internal medicine residency at Abbott Northwestern Hospital in Minneapolis.  Today, we will discuss abnormal liver tests. What to do with them and what's causing them. In the first of two podcasts, Dr. McMichael will walk through a few cases she has seen in her practice. First, she's going to give us an overview, though, about liver "function" tests. So ditch the parka, come in from the cold and hop on that rowing machine you've been resolving to use again. It's time for Ridgeview podcast, CME series with Dr. Tara McMichael. PART-1: A quick recap on the overall approach to abnormal liver tests. The name liver "function tests" is a bit of a misnomer. Many of these transaminase tests are actually liver biochemistries or more simply, liver tests, as opposed to an actual "function test" of the liver. PT/INR and albumin are more accurately termed "function tests", because they are a true proxy for the functional status of the liver. These tests are ordered frequently, and often come back somewhat abnormal in otherwise healthy or asymptomatic people. In our medical system, the online subscription health reference, UpToDate, is used, and it turns out this is one of the most commonly searched topics. While the tests are commonly ordered, they are not supposed to be part of routine screening in the otherwise healthy patient. In general, these are tested for in symptomatic patients, or if patients are on certain medications that can cause liver damage. The AGA and the ACG have specific guidelines for testing liver serologies. If tests come back mildly elevated, in other words, two times upper normal or less, the tests should be rechecked in 2-to-4 weeks. If not escalating in that amount of time, they can be rechecked in 6-months. If there is escalation, referral to GI is appropriate. Checking LFTs is appropriate if taking statins, INH, methotrexate and the like. Social history is also important, besides alcohol. Travel, occupational and recreational exposure (i.e. drug abuse). Stay tuned as Dr. McMichael launches into her first liver case. CASE 1:64-yo male with 10 days of diarrhea, nausea, fevers and chills. He claims to not drink "too much". Diarrhea increases over the course of the illness and the temp has gone to 100.8. Oh, by the way, some old cephalexin laying around at home seemed like a good idea to the patient, so he began taking it. No better or worse with this. It turns out, after further teasing, he drinks 7 to 10 drinks in a setting. PMH includes HTN, DM type-2, hyperlipidemia and chronic LE edema with recurrent cellulitis. Also has psoriasis with psoriatic arthritis. He's obese and a non-smoker. Meds include baby ASA, vit D, methotrexate for the past 5-years, cephalexin preventatively and lisinopril. His social and family hx is unremarkable. Vital signs are unremarkable, and his overall appearance and exam is unremarkable. Except that he has a protuberant abdomen, a BMI of 37 (morbidly obese), and an unchanged swollen left lower limb. Labs were done: CMP, CBC, CRP, sed rate, blood cultures and a chest x-ray. Chest x-ray was unremarkable. However, lab work revealed the following positives; AST slightly up at 59. ALT normal. ALP 148, also slightly elevated. Total bili elevated and low total protein was also noted. Remember that direct bilirubin is conjugated bilirubin. It is conjugated in the liver. And when it is high enough, it spills into the urine. Indirect is actually found more often than direct. Such as Gilbert and hemolysis. Thus far we are thinking acute gastroenteritis. These are mildly elevated LFTs after all. However, in follow-up, Treatment so far includes hydration, and possibly testing the stool for enteric pathogens. Hepatitis seems unlikely due to minimally elevated LFTs. One must also consider his likely underreported alcohol intake. But what about his methotrexate? No imaging was done in the preliminary work up. His symptoms progressively improved. Repeat LFTs are done in a follow-up about 10-days later. His AST, ALT, ALP and bili are all just a little bit more now. Albumin is also a little lower now. He does drink while continuing to take methotrexate. NASH or NAFLD are synonymous. Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Liver biopsy at this point is the gold standard, however, there are non-invasive options that some hepatologists employ, such as fibroscan and elastography. Coupled with abnormal labs and history, the liver biopsy may in some cases be averted. In our patient, and abdominal ultrasound was performed, that reveals hepatomegaly, mild ascites and a coarsened liver parenchyma that is suspicious for cirrhosis. In addition, this patient also has a liver biopsy that reveals cirrhosis, and not NAFLD. What exactly is cirrhosis? It is the late stage of progressive liver fibrosis. It can be reversible in its earlier presentation, but is not reversible in its more advance stages. Alcohol, but also as we will find out, other factors can cause this. Cirrhosis from all causes comprises 80% of the liver transplant list. In our patient, Is he drinking too much? Probably. But there may be other factors. Regarding alcohol, 210 grams or 15 standard sized drinks for a male per week is considered significant alcohol intake and for women 140 g or 10 standard drinks per week. Be sure to specify with patients what their standard pour is per drink. Is it a 12 oz beer or 40 oz beer, etc. Other labs are helpful as well in cirrhosis in terms of monitoring and diagnosis. These patients are often hyponatremic, due to impaired ADH and thrombocytopenic due to sequestration of platelets as opposed to decreased production. AST is typically twice the value of the ALT, although you may also see this in NAFLD. In this patient, there is probable interplay between alcohol and methotrexate. We must also think about Hepatitis B and C. So hepatitis serologies are important. Autoimmune hepatitis, Wilson's disease, hemochromatosis (think family history here), right heart failure, hepatorenal syndrome, primary biliary sclerosis and primary sclerosing cholangitis should be considered. Other important physical findings can include palmar erythema, limb atrophy, telangiectasias, caput medusa (prominent veins on a protuberant abdomen) and gynecomastia. Dr. McMichael prefers to refer these patients to GI and hepatology earlier than later. Often a tertiary center where they can be comanaged. The MELD score of MELD sodium score is a compilation of criteria that predicts the 3-month mortality rate in end stage liver disease. This helps the hepatologist or intensivist to determine when to consider putting the patient on the transplant list. Going back to drugs causing liver damage, there are literally hundreds of possible culprits. Supplements as well. Some of these drugs and supplements include statins, INH, methotrexate, aminodarone, various antibiotics, black kohash, wild mushrooms, weight reduction medications, antifungals and many others. Cirrhosis is associated with a lot of stigma, so take this into consideration when approaching the diagnosis in your patients. Remember, while it is often is the alcohol, there may be other issues causing this disease process. Hopefully this podcast was helpful and informative. Cirrhosis is an all too common problem. Again liver test abnormalities can be subtle, and the cause is not always just alcohol. The life expectancy in compensated cirrhosis is 12-years or more, but uncompensated cirrhosis is less than 6-months. This would involve complications like variceal bleeding, ascites, hepatorenal syndrome, hepatocellular carcinoma, SBP and hepatopulmonary syndrome. That's all for now, folks! Be sure to tune into Abnormal Liver Tests - Part 2 with Dr. McMichael.

BGVV-292_Đêm Giao Thừa Năm Đinh Mão_Bankstown, New South Wales, Australia_29-01-1987  Podcast ChannelsVo Vi Podcast-Van DaoVo Vi Podcast-Bai GiangVo Vi Podcast-Nhac Thien

Join Athrabeth's Discord!References, Notes and Useful LinksBrackmann, Rebecca. “‘Dwarves Are Not Heroes’: Antisemitism and The Dwarves in J.R.R. Tolkien's Writing.” Mythlore, vol. 28, no. 3, 10 Apr. 2010. 109/110 Spring/Summer.https://dc.swosu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1172&context=mythloreTolkien reciting namarie: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6de_SbVUVfATolkien singing namarie: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RkuHrD_xlJYHostetter, Carl F. “Elvish as she is spoke” http://www.elvish.org/articles/EASIS.pdfhttp://www.elvish.org/gwaith/movie_elvish.htmConvenient condensed writeups of the various Tolkien languages coveredFauskanger, Helge K. “Valarin - like the Glitter of Swords.” Ardalambion, folk.uib.no/hnohf/valarin.htm (accessed 8 September 2019)Fauskanger, Helge K. “Various Mannish Tongues - the sadness of Mortal Men?” Ardalambion, folk.uib.no/hnohf/mannish.htm (accessed 8 September 2019)Fauskanger, Helge K. “Quenya - the Ancient Tongue” Ardalambion, folk.uib.no/hnohf/quenya.htm (accessed 8 September 2019)Fauskanger, Helge K. “Sindarin - the Noble Tongue” Ardalambion, folk.uib.no/hnohf/sindarin.htm (accessed 8 September 2019)Fauskanger, Helge K. “Adûnaic - the vernacular of Númenor” Ardalambion,folk.uib.no/hnohf/adunaic.htm (accessed 8 September 2019)Fauskanger, Helge K. “Orkish and the Black Speech - base language for base purposes” Ardalambion, folk.uib.no/hnohf/orkish.htm (accessed 8 September 2019)SourcesJ.R.R. Tolkien, "The Qenya Phonology", in Parma Eldalamberon XII (edited by Christopher Gilson), p. 22J.R.R. Tolkien, "Quenya Phonology", in Parma Eldalamberon XIX (edited by Christopher Gilson), p. 22J.R.R. Tolkien, "Quenya Grammar", in Parma Eldalamberon XIX (edited by Christopher Gilson), p. 28-34J.R.R. Tolkien, "Words, Phrases and Passages", in Parma Eldalamberon XII (edited by Christopher Gilson), p. 12Letter 176. In H. Carpenter and C. Tolkien (Eds.), The Letters of J. R. R. Tolkien.New York, NY: Houghton MifflinGilson and Wynne, ‘The Growth of Grammar in the Elven Tongues’ 1992Gilson, Christopher, “Narqelion and the Early Lexicons. Some Notes on the First Elvish Poem”, in Vinyar Tengwar 40 (edited by Carl F. Hostetter), p. 6Tolkien, J.R.R. The Lost Road and Other Writings. Ed. Christopher Tolkien. Vol. 5. Boston & New York: Houghton Mifflin, 1987. Print. History of Middle­ earth.Tolkien, J.R.R. Sauron Defeated. Ed. Christopher Tolkien. Vol. 9. Boston & New York: Houghton Mifflin, 1992. Print. History of Middle­ earth.Tolkien, J.R.R. War of the Jewels. Ed. Christopher Tolkien. Vol. 10. Boston & New York: Houghton Mifflin, 1993. 301­66. Print. History of Middle ­earth.Tolkien, J. R. R. “Appendices” in The Lord of the Rings. Allen & Unwin.

Al talks to Michael Mann, Nobel Prize-winning climatologist for his work with the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). We cover a lot of ground. How to talk about climate change to your crazy right-wing climate-denying uncle. “Uncle Hal, sea level is rising. For two reasons. Ice is melting. And water expands when it gets warmer.” If Uncle Hal insists sea level is rising because of all the rocks falling into the ocean, then just give up. We talk about how climate used to be a bipartisan issue, but since Citizens United, the Koch Brothers have threatened to primary any Republican who acknowledges the science. Addressing climate change has become a victim of our tribal politics. The answer right now? Win.