Podcasts about stanford medical center

Join Kristin, Toni and Melinda for a deep dive into the world of Autism, ADHD, and neurodivergence experiences in Buddhist communities. Toni Boucher started working with individuals on the spectrum over 35 years ago as a foster care and emergency respite provider.  As the director of the CARE Clinic where she provided autism evaluations and determined eligibility for The South Carolina Department of Disabilities and Special Needs- Autism Division, she discovered the need for further research and information about females on the spectrum and began training professionals how to identify and support neurodivergent women. Her book Autism Translated is the result of the wisdom and insights her clients have shared with her throughout these years. Today Toni is a speaker, writer and consultant. She runs numerous social groups and programs for teens and adults on the spectrum and coaches high-achieving adults. She is the founder of The Creative Community and Career Center for Autism, where members help each other thrive in a safe, sensory friendly environment. www.toniboucher.net and www.neurodiverse.com MELINDA EDWARDS, MD is a mother, writer and physician in Charleston, South Carolina. She attended medical school at the Medical University of South Carolina and completed her residency in psychiatry at Stanford Medical Center. She has studied complementary and alternative medicine with Andrew Weil, MD, researched the effects of MDMA on PTSD with Michael Mithoefer, MD, and is a columnist for Autism Parenting Magazine. Dr. Edwards is the author of the amazon best-seller Psyche & Spirit: How a Psychiatrist Found Divinity Through Her Lifelong Quest for Truth and Her Daughter's Autism.As a child of medical missionaries, Dr. Edwards grew up in a Mayan Indian village in Guatemala, Central America. Early in life she experienced an inner pull to a deeper truth. Her journey has taken her through various spiritual practices, including meditation retreats, guidance from spiritual teachers, travel to India, and living in spiritual communities. Her quest led to the ongoing discovery of the sacred in all. Inspired by her journey with her daughter Saachi, Dr. Edwards founded the 501c3 nonprofit organization Living Darshan to foster a deeper understanding of autism in the world.www.melindaedwardsmd.comwww.livingdarshan.orgBecome a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/mental-health-news-radio--3082057/support.

Join Kristin, Toni and Melinda for a deep dive into the world of Autism, ADHD, and neurodivergence within Buddhist communities. Toni Boucher started working with individuals on the spectrum over 35 years ago as a foster care and emergency respite provider.  As the director of the CARE Clinic where she provided autism evaluations and determined eligibility for The South Carolina Department of Disabilities and Special Needs- Autism Division, she discovered the need for further research and information about females on the spectrum and began training professionals how to identify and support neurodivergent women. Her book Autism Translated is the result of the wisdom and insights her clients have shared with her throughout these years. Today Toni is a speaker, writer and consultant. She runs numerous social groups and programs for teens and adults on the spectrum and coaches high-achieving adults. She is the founder of The Creative Community and Career Center for Autism, where members help each other thrive in a safe, sensory friendly environment. www.toniboucher.net and www.neurodiverse.com MELINDA EDWARDS, MD is a mother, writer and physician in Charleston, South Carolina. She attended medical school at the Medical University of South Carolina and completed her residency in psychiatry at Stanford Medical Center. She has studied complementary and alternative medicine with Andrew Weil, MD, researched the effects of MDMA on PTSD with Michael Mithoefer, MD, and is a columnist for Autism Parenting Magazine. Dr. Edwards is the author of the amazon best-seller Psyche & Spirit: How a Psychiatrist Found Divinity Through Her Lifelong Quest for Truth and Her Daughter's Autism.As a child of medical missionaries, Dr. Edwards grew up in a Mayan Indian village in Guatemala, Central America. Early in life she experienced an inner pull to a deeper truth. Her journey has taken her through various spiritual practices, including meditation retreats, guidance from spiritual teachers, travel to India, and living in spiritual communities. Her quest led to the ongoing discovery of the sacred in all. Inspired by her journey with her daughter Saachi, Dr. Edwards founded the 501c3 nonprofit organization Living Darshan to foster a deeper understanding of autism in the world.www.melindaedwardsmd.comwww.livingdarshan.org

Dr. Shelly Bar is a highly qualified and experienced physician with double board certification in Internal Medicine and Adolescent Medicine. Dr. Bar completed her Fellowship at Stanford Medical Center and worked as a Clinical Assistant Professor of Medicine at Stanford Medical Center. She provides expert care around the medical complications of malnutrition, eating disorders and disordered eating, with a compassionate and specialized, well rounded approach. Dr. Bar is committed to improving patients' overall mental and physical well being.    We discuss topics including: Understanding Family Based Treatment (aka: FBT) and formally known as Family Based Therapy What are the three phases of FBT? How the physician cna support the team The registered dietitian's role in FBT Understanding refeeding syndrome The dangers of “electrolyte shifts”   SHOW NOTES: https://www.shellybarmd.com @shellybarmd ____________________________________________ If you have any questions regarding the topics discussed on this podcast, please reach out to Robyn directly via email: rlgrd@askaboutfood.com You can also connect with Robyn on social media by following her on Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, and LinkedIn. If you enjoyed this podcast, please leave a review on iTunes and subscribe. Visit Robyn's private practice website where you can subscribe to her free monthly insight newsletter, and receive your FREE GUIDE “Maximizing Your Time with Those Struggling with an Eating Disorder”. Your Recovery Resource, Robyn's new online course for navigating your loved one's eating disorder, is available now! For more information on Robyn's book “The Eating Disorder Trap”, please visit the Official "The Eating Disorder Trap" Website. “The Eating Disorder Trap” is also available for purchase on Amazon.

In this episode of the Exceptional Girls podcast, I'm thrilled to be joined by Dr. Melinda Edwards. As the mother of an autistic daughter and a practicing physician, Dr. Edwards' views on autism may surprise you. Listen in as Dr. Edwards shares:How her initial feelings of grief and loss about her daughter's diagnosis shifted in a dramatic wayThe profound insights she's learned about being autistic from her daughter SaachiHow she rectifies the typical medical definition of autism with her own spiritual understanding of itHer comforting advice for those who are still coming to terms with an autism diagnosisAbout Dr. Melissa Edwards, MD:Dr. Edwards is a practicing physician in Charleston, South Carolina. She's also mom to Saachi, her autistic daughter, and the founder and president of Living Darshan, a non-profit organization that's fostering a deeper understanding of autism in the world.Dr. Edwards attended the Medical University of South Carolina and completed her residency in psychiatry at Stanford Medical Center. Also a writer, Dr. Edwards is a columnist for Autism Parenting Magazine, as well as the author of the Amazon bestselling book PSYCHE & SPIRIT: How a Psychiatrist Found Divinity Through Her Lifelong Quest for Truth and Her Daughter's Autism.To learn more about Dr. Edwards, visit www.melindaedwardsmd.com.  About the Exceptional Girls podcastIf you know and care deeply about a girl who learns, thinks, and experiences the world differently, I invite you to journey with me as we learn how we as parents, adults, and role models can help her understand, self-advocate, accept, and love herself — just as she is. To learn more, visit www.exceptionalgirlspodcast.com.

Melinda Edwards, MD is a mother, writer and physician in Charleston, South Carolina, providing psychiatric care for underserved adults. She attended the Medical University of South Carolina and completed her residency in psychiatry at Stanford Medical Center. She has studied complementary and alternative medicine with Andrew Weil, MD, researched the effects of MDMA on PTSD with Michael Mithoefer, MD, and is a columnist for Autism Parenting Magazine. Dr. Edwards is the author of PSYCHE & SPIRIT: How a Psychiatrist Found Divinity Through Her Lifelong Search for Truth and Her Daughter's Autism. As a child of medical missionaries, Melinda grew up in a Mayan Indian village in Guatemala, Central America. Early in life she experienced an inner pull to a deeper truth. Her journey has taken her through various spiritual practices including meditation retreats, guidance from spiritual teachers, travel to India, and living in spiritual communities. Her quest led to the ongoing discovery of the sacred in all. Inspired by her journey with her daughter Saachi, Dr. Edwards founded the 501c3 nonprofit organization Living Darshan to foster a deeper understanding of autism in the world. Website: melindaedwardsmd.com Discussion of this interview in the BatGap Community Facebook Group Interview recorded July 20, 2024

When Dr. Akil Palanisamy recounts his recovery from a debilitating illness during medical school, he says it began with two words: "bone broth." In hindsight, this may not sound so surprising, because Akil (or "Dr. Akil," as his patients know him) has been a doctor, author, and educator at the forefront of the food-as-medicine movement for the past 20 years. Dr. Akil has been described by leading integrative doctor Mark Hyman as "a unique triple threat in the field," combining expertise in functional medicine, Ayurveda, and the Paleo diet and ancestral lifestyles. At the time that bone broth was given to him as a "prescription," however, Dr. Akil was a vegetarian. He had renounced meat a few years earlier "for ethical, environmental, and spiritual reasons" and had become an active member of the San Francisco Vegetarian Society while in medical school there, having completed his undergraduate work at Harvard. The Ayurvedic practitioner he had sought out for his ailment -- because conventional medicine and physical therapy did not help -- was well aware of this. But she saw it as a necessary means to nourish his depleted body and rebalance his excess "vata" (or "air" energy). Dr. Akil was torn. What had started out as a repetitive stress injury to his wrist -- while writing his senior thesis in biochemistry at Harvard University -- had now escalated into chronic pain, severe fatigue, and a weight loss of 30 pounds (from his already lean baseline of 138). He had to take a prolonged leave of absence from medical school. In his desperation, he turned to the story of the Buddha. After practicing an extreme form of asceticism that left the Buddha weak and near death, he was visited by a milkmaid who offered some milk. Despite the taboos, he accepted the offer and eventually regained his health. The Buddha would go on to teach about "The Middle Way," living by neither indulgence nor deprivation. Dr. Akil reached a similar turning point. He started with bone broth, which he could rationalize as being "animal bones that were to be discarded." Eventually, after more stalled periods of healing, he decided to experiment with eating meat again. "I could not fulfill my dream of becoming a doctor without a healthy body." With a nutrient-dense diet that supported his individual constitution, Dr. Akil tried other alternative and complementary therapies, including a holistic chiropractor who practiced functional medicine -- or root-cause medicine. He would heal his gut, regain his weight, and eliminate the pain for a full recovery, allowing him to graduate from the University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, then complete a residency program at Stanford Medical Center. He went on to receive a fellowship in integrative medicine with Dr. Andrew Weil at the University of Arizona, study Ayurveda in Southern India at the Arya Vaisya Chikitsalayam, and certify in mind-body medicine from the Georgetown University Center. With this breadth and depth of knowledge, Dr. Akil has treated thousands of people living with chronic diseases and conducts clinical research studies. He serves as the Department Chair for Integrative Medicine at the Sutter Health Institute for Health and Healing (IHH) and as IHH Physician Director for Community Education. Dr. Akil has also served as a consultant with the Medical Board of California for many years. A widely known speaker and educator, he is the author of two books, The Paleovedic Diet: A Complete Program to Burn Fat, Increase Energy, and Reverse Disease -- a customized Paleo diet that incorporates spices, specific fruits and vegetables, intermittent fasting, and an Ayurvedic lifestyle -- and most recently, The Tiger Protocol: An Integrative 5-Step Program to Treat and Heal Your Autoimmunity. Dr. Akil lives in Sacramento, CA. In his free time, he enjoys playing tennis, traveling, and spending time with his wife and daughter. Originally from India, he grew up in Singapore before immigrating to America. Join us in conversation with this "Middle Way" practitioner of medicine and healing who is skillfully weaving East and West, ancestral and novel.

Welcome to Episode 168 of Autism Parenting Secrets. This week, we dive into the spiritual nature of the journey to support a child on the spectrum.  Our guest is Melinda Edwards.  She's a mother, writer, and physician in Charleston, SC.  Her journey took her through various spiritual practices, including meditation, guidance from spiritual teachers, travel to India, and living in spiritual communities. She currently works with underserved adults in South Carolina and is completing a book, Psyche & Spirit: How a Psychiatrist Found Divinity Through Her Lifelong Quest for Truth and Her Daughter's Autism.  Melinda's daughter Saachi is the source of her greatest joy and her deepest spiritual unfolding. This discussion dives into several ways you, the parent, can see your role and what's happening with your child differently.The secret this week is…Your Child Is Your MIRRORYou'll Discover:A Psychiatrist's Journey To Help Her Daughter (4:04)The Medical Paradigm You Don't Want To Buy Into (12:36)Kids Are More Connected (and Advanced) Than You Think (18:06)What It All Comes Back To (23:07)The Thing That CAN'T Be Bypassed (28:46)The Ways A Child Mirrors Back To The Parent (32:58)A New, More Powerful Objective (37:12)A Great Opportunity To Nourish Your Soul (40:46)About Our Guest:Melinda is a mother, writer, and physician in Charleston, SC. She attended medical school at the Medical University of South Carolina and completed her residency at Stanford Medical Center. As a child of medical missionaries, Melinda grew up in a Mayan Indian village in Guatemala, Central America. Early in life, she experienced an inner pull to a deeper truth. Her journey took her through various spiritual practices, including meditation, guidance from spiritual teachers, travel to India, and living in spiritual communities. Her quest led to the ongoing discovery of the divinity in all. She currently works with underserved adults in South Carolina and is completing a book, Psyche & Spirit: How a Psychiatrist Found Divinity Through Her Lifelong Quest for Truth and Her Daughter's Autism.  Melinda's daughter Saachi is the source of her greatest joy and her deepest spiritual unfolding. The visions for the 501c3 nonprofit organization Darshan and the annual Awaken Through Autism Conference were born out of their journey together.https://www.melindaedwardsmd.com/https://livingdarshan.org/References in The Episode:Awaken Through Autism Conference  Additional Resources:Take The Quiz: What's YOUR Top Autism Parenting Blindspot?To learn more about Cass & Len, visit us at www.autismparentingsecrets.comBe sure to follow Cass & Len on InstagramIf you enjoyed this episode, share it with your friends.

Josh Berry is the Managing Director and Co-Founder of Econic, an innovation, transformation, and strategy consulting company and Certified B Corporation. Along with his team, Joshua has partnered with US Bank, John Deere, Procter & Gamble, Nelnet, Farm Credit Services of America, and Blue Cross Blue Shield, among others. He is dedicated to practicing unlearning, identifying limiting beliefs, and shifting business practices. He is also the author of the forthcoming book, Dare to Be Naive: Thinking Bigger to Create Business Success and Joy. Prior to starting Econic, Joshua worked in global talent management consulting for clients like The Ritz-Carlton Hotel Company, H&R Block, Stanford Medical Center and Mercedes-Benz USA, as well as mentoring and leading workshops for early stage startups at seed-stage accelerators on topics like Lean Startup, Design Thinking, Change Management, Innovation Accounting and Business Model innovation. He was the previous co-host of the nationally recognized “Inside/Outside Innovation” Podcast. As the challenges we face in business become increasingly more complex, the transformative power of doing good in business creates a flywheel effect that impacts both Return on Investment (ROI) and Ripples of Impact (ROI). Joshua challenges business leaders to think bigger and more intentionally to discover the expansive value of using business for good.Buzzsprout - Let's get your podcast launched! Start for FREEDisclaimer: This post contains affiliate links. If you make a purchase, I may receive a commission at no extra cost to you.Support the showRebel HR is a podcast for HR professionals and leaders of people who are ready to make some disruption in the world of work. Please connect to continue the conversation! https://twitter.com/rebelhrguyhttps://www.facebook.com/rebelhrpodcasthttp://www.kyleroed.comhttps://www.linkedin.com/in/kyle-roed/

Dr Eric Topol and Dr Robert Harrington interview Dr Abraham Verghese about his fiction writing methods and Oprah's enthusiasm for his latest novel. This podcast is intended for US healthcare professionals only. To read a full transcript of this episode or to comment please visit: https://www.medscape.com/features/public/machine Eric J. Topol, MD, Director, Scripps Translational Science Institute; Professor of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California; Editor-in-Chief, Medscape Abraham Verghese, MD, Physician, author, and educator; Professor and Vice Chair, Theory & Practice of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California The Covenant of Water, Abraham Verghese, MD; https://www.abrahamverghese.org/books/ Robert A. Harrington, MD, Arthur L. Bloomfield Professor; Chair, Department of Medicine, Stanford University; Chair, Department of Medicine, Stanford Medical Center, Stanford, California Discussions on topics at the core of cardiology and the practice of medicine with Dr Robert A. Harrington and guests on The Bob Harrington Show https://www.medscape.com/author/bob-harrington You may also like: Medscape's Chief Cardiology Correspondent Dr John M. Mandrola's This Week In Cardiology https://www.medscape.com/twic For questions or feedback, please email: news@medscape.net

So you've clearly listened to part 1 of Dr. Schnittger's descriptions, definitions and requirements of ascertainment to identify you're bridge and that's all well and good. But the syptoms as damn near killing you, debilitating you, maybe even incapacitating you. Something has to be done. But what? What do you do? Dr. Schnittger and I discuss next steps, things to expect and be aware of. Questions to ask. Expectations from treatment that may not always be surgery. What if it is surgery? What type? Sternotomy, thoractaomy, maybe even robotic? You'll get more clarification and another opportunity to take notes in this episode as we walk through the variety of considerations you'll get to make in the process of your treatment. Is there an opportunity to reduce the unpleasant effects the bridge is causing? The answer more often than not is a resounding "yes". Learn what you must do on your MB journey for repair as the conversation outlines the process. I hope you get as much from this discussion as I did as I know I wish this was something I would have had prior to my surgery to help ease some of the anxiety of uncertainty. For more information about Myocardial Bridges and to get the FAQ's as well as a list of Doctors known to do the "unroofing" procedure, visit the website: www.myimperfectheart.com To learn more about Stanford Medical Center and the Myocardial Bridge Clinic visit: https://med.stanford.edu/ctsurgery/clinical-care/adult-cardiac-surgery-services/myocardial-bridge-unroofing.html

Should our nation's academic institutions rein in faculty who amplify conspiracy theories and spread potentially harmful falsehoods? This podcast is intended for US healthcare professionals only. To read a full transcript of this episode or to comment please visit: https://www.medscape.com/features/public/machine Eric J. Topol, MD, Director, Scripps Translational Science Institute; Professor of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California; Editor-in-Chief, Medscape Abraham Verghese, MD, Physician, author, and educator; Professor and Vice Chair, Theory & Practice of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California Robert A. Harrington, MD, Arthur L. Bloomfield Professor; Chair, Department of Medicine, Stanford University; Chair, Department of Medicine, Stanford Medical Center, Stanford, California You may also like: Discussions on topics at the core of cardiology and the practice of medicine with Dr Robert A. Harrington and guests on The Bob Harrington Show   https://www.medscape.com/author/bob-harrington Medscape's Chief Cardiology Correspondent Dr John M. Mandrola's This Week In Cardiology   https://www.medscape.com/twic For questions or feedback, please email: news@medscape.net

7 Dead, 1 Injured in Half Moon Bay Mass Shooting; Suspect in Custody.According to the San Mateo County Sheriff's Office, seven people were killed in a mass shooting that spanned two separate scenes in Half Moon Bay Monday afternoon.The sheriff's office said that four victims with gunshot wounds were found dead at about 2:22 p.m. at a nursery along the 12700 block of San Mateo Road (Highway 92). Another shooting victim was taken to Stanford Medical Center with life-threatening injuries.The shootings in Half Moon Bay come on the heels of a weekend mass shooting in the Southern California city of Monterey Park that left 11 people dead."This kind of shooting is horrific," Corpus said. "It's a tragedy that we often hear about, but today it's hit home here in San Mateo County."

Join Dr. Stephanie Holmes and Dr. Edwards as they discuss the gift of autism and strengths of those on the autism spectrum.Bio:Dr. Edwards is a mother and physician in Charleston, SC. She attended medical school at the Medical University of South Carolina and completed her residency in psychiatry at Stanford Medical Center. As a child of medical missionaries, Melinda grew up in a Mayan Indian village in Guatemala, Central America. Early in life she experienced an inner pull to a deeper truth. Her journey included various spiritual practices including meditation and inquiry, guidance from spiritual teachers, travel to India and living in spiritual communities. Her quest led to the ongoing discovery of the divinity in all. She currently works with underserved adults and individuals on the autism spectrum in South Carolina and is completing a book, Psyche & Spirit: How a Psychiatrist Found Divinity Through Her Lifelong Search for Truth and Her Daughter's Autism.Melinda's daughter Saachi is the source of her greatest joy and her deepest spiritual unfolding. The visions for the 501c3 nonprofit organization Darshan and the annual Awaken Through Autism Conference were born out of their journey together. https://www.melindaedwardsmd.com/

Il Dr. Keith Taylor, gastroenterologo presso lo Stanford Medical Center, afferma che gli spuntini a tarda notte possono essere dannosi, soprattutto se una persona va ripetutamente a dormire un'ora circa dopo aver mangiato. Perché? Spiega che la maggior parte delle funzioni del corpo, compresa la digestione, sono rallentate durante il sonno. Pertanto, come riportato da Parade Magazine, l'eccesso di acido prodotto “spesso ritorna nell'esofago mentre si è sdraiati, causando irritazione”. Le persone che già soffrono di ulcere allo stomaco o al duodeno probabilmente soffriranno di un disagio ancora maggiore. Il Dr. Taylor suggerisce di mangiare almeno 2 o 3 ore prima di andare a dormire. Il latte non è raccomandato per i pazienti con ulcera; infatti, i ricercatori sostengono che, piuttosto che essere un neutralizzante per rivestire lo stomaco, il latte stimola la produzione di acido. --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/corgiov/message

In today's podcast, Tony Schwartz shares with us how to be a transformational leader. Tony shares that in order to have big impact in this world, we need to fully accept all aspects of ourselves — "you see more, feel more and be more." This approach allows us to avoid wasting energy defending and instead have more energy to create impact. Take a listen to the whole episode to learn more about energy and mindset regulation.    ***** Tony Schwartz is the founder and CEO of The Energy Project, a consulting firm that helps individuals and organizations more skillfully manage their energy so they can thrive in a world of relentlessly rising demand and complexity. Tony began his career as a journalist and he has been a reporter for the New York Times, a writer for Newsweek, and a contributing writer to New York Magazine and Esquire. At the Energy Project, Tony has coached many CEOs and senior leaders. He has also delivered keynotes and trainings to companies around the world, including Google, Unilever, Apple, PWC Facebook, Whole Foods, EY, Microsoft, Kaiser Permanente, Stanford Medical Center, the National Security Agency, and Save the Children. He has also written extensively about leadership, transformation and the modern workplace for The New York Times, the Washington Post, Forbes and the Harvard Business Review. Tony is the author of six books, including “The Power of Full Engagement: Managing Energy Not Time” which spent 28 weeks on the New York Times Bestseller List and “The Way We're Working Isn't Working,” also a New York Times and Wall Street Journal bestseller. Tony graduated with honors from the University of Michigan. He is married to Deborah Pines, a psychoanalyst, and they have two grown daughters, and four grandchildren.

Date: 5/31/22Name of podcast: Dr. PatientEpisode title and number: 8 Medical Errors Episode summary:This is a three part episode: part 1 is a story about a medical error with devastating consequences, part 2 is a minor medical records error that has much larger ripple effects and part 3 is my own story of a medical error.  Medical errors are unfortunately not that uncommon, and range from medication errors, hospital acquired infections, missed diagnoses, delays in treatment and more.  Guest(s):Eve from ChicagoRandi from Florida Key Terms:[01:27] Preeclampsia – complication of pregnancy characterized by high blood pressure, protein in the urine and more[01:39] HELLP syndrome – life threatening pregnancy complication which is a variant of preeclampsia, defined by the breakdown of red blood cells, low platelets (easy bruising and bleeding) and elevated liver tests[05:29] – Braxton Hicks – mild, irregular contractions during pregnancy, not the same as actual labor contractions References:Study Suggests Medical Errors Now Third Leading Cause of Death in the U.S. – study by Johns HopkinsMedical errors may stem more from physician burnout than unsafe health care settings – study by Stanford Medical Center

My goal in this podcast — Christian meditation for a bigger life — is to help 21st century Christians in the always distracted digital age — to connect with God with our whole being and sense that embodied connection in each present moment throughout our day. And I think most of us as Christians are often living these unconsciously anxious and tense lives with a kind of bifurcated connection with our own soul and a fragmented connection with God. Where our “Christian faith” has become primarily about certain beliefs about our future rather than an embodied experience right now with the real God who created this entire universe. My story 6 years ago… I read a book by a psychologist that worked at Stanford Medical Center that led to my attending a 6-day clinic in Northern California with the author and his team, along with 10 other attendees, where, among other things, we learned and practiced his protocol for meditation and relaxation.  His method of meditation was not tied to any kind of spirituality. Mainly just focusing on relaxing your entire body at once and focusing your mind on feeling your entire body relax as you continue a slow rhythm of breathing. Pretty basic, but effective in rebooting the central nervous system from a sympathetic (limbic system fight or flight) to a parasympathetic (calm and free of tension and stress). But since then, I've also read lots of books by various neurologists on the brain and body connection and other books by Buddhist authors on meditation, and I've used lots of various audio meditations by all kinds of meditation instructors — lots of Progressive Relaxation or body scan techniques. Almost all of them are tied to a Buddhist spirituality. Buddhists have discovered something real and beneficial, but they've misinterpreted the meaning of it. It's not dissolving the illusion of the self and becoming one with the collective consciousness or Being of the universe, but rather helping our mind re-integrating our soul with our body. There is a transcendence to that that is felt as a mystical experience because we are spiritual beings.  But all of these techniques for meditation, while still helpful, were missing the kind of true spiritual experience in meditation and contemplation that the Bible talks about when it talks about meditation.  So I decided to try to integrate the two. Which I've been doing now for about two years. Taking the best of the non-spiritual kind of meditation protocol I learned in California, along with the best of various mindfulness or Buddhist meditation techniques — and integrating those with previous ways I've meditated on Biblical images of my connection with God. And it has made a huge difference in my life. And it's what I want to help you do in these podcast episodes.  I want to give you the basic structure I use for this kind of Christian meditation. Eventually — once you learn the basic structure — you can even do it for a three to five-minute meditation to do easily and quickly at home, at work, before an important meeting, when you're stuck in traffic, or anytime you have a pain or anxiety flare.  You can do it lying flat on your back, or sitting in a chair or sometimes I do it even while walking. It works. Although not in the same way as if I'm lying down. But something is always better than nothing. And it's a great practice to learn to do whenever you can, wherever you are. I'm going to do it longer in this episode by explaining and giving you more time to learn what to focus on. So I'm going to record this episode and then the next episode will be a shorter Christian meditation without much explanation that you can use whenever.  But with practice you can do it as quickly as you need to in any moment. But setting aside a longer time to do it each day (20-30 min) will make a much bigger difference not only in your central nervous system but in your sense of walking with God...

My goal in this podcast — Christian meditation for a bigger life — is to help 21st century Christians in the always distracted digital age — to connect with God with our whole being and sense that embodied connection in each present moment throughout our day. And I think most of us as Christians are often living these unconsciously anxious and tense lives with a kind of bifurcated connection with our own soul and a fragmented connection with God. Where our “Christian faith” has become primarily about certain beliefs about our future rather than an embodied experience right now with the real God who created this entire universe. My story 6 years ago… I read a book by a psychologist that worked at Stanford Medical Center that led to my attending a 6-day clinic in Northern California with the author and his team, along with 10 other attendees, where, among other things, we learned and practiced his protocol for meditation and relaxation.  His method of meditation was not tied to any kind of spirituality. Mainly just focusing on relaxing your entire body at once and focusing your mind on feeling your entire body relax as you continue a slow rhythm of breathing. Pretty basic, but effective in rebooting the central nervous system from a sympathetic (limbic system fight or flight) to a parasympathetic (calm and free of tension and stress). But since then, I've also read lots of books by various neurologists on the brain and body connection and other books by Buddhist authors on meditation, and I've used lots of various audio meditations by all kinds of meditation instructors — lots of Progressive Relaxation or body scan techniques. Almost all of them are tied to a Buddhist spirituality. Buddhists have discovered something real and beneficial, but they've misinterpreted the meaning of it. It's not dissolving the illusion of the self and becoming one with the collective consciousness or Being of the universe, but rather helping our mind re-integrating our soul with our body. There is a transcendence to that that is felt as a mystical experience because we are spiritual beings.  But all of these techniques for meditation, while still helpful, were missing the kind of true spiritual experience in meditation and contemplation that the Bible talks about when it talks about meditation.  So I decided to try to integrate the two. Which I've been doing now for about two years. Taking the best of the non-spiritual kind of meditation protocol I learned in California, along with the best of various mindfulness or Buddhist meditation techniques — and integrating those with previous ways I've meditated on Biblical images of my connection with God. And it has made a huge difference in my life. And it's what I want to help you do in these podcast episodes.  I want to give you the basic structure I use for this kind of Christian meditation. Eventually — once you learn the basic structure — you can even do it for a three to five-minute meditation to do easily and quickly at home, at work, before an important meeting, when you're stuck in traffic, or anytime you have a pain or anxiety flare.  You can do it lying flat on your back, or sitting in a chair or sometimes I do it even while walking. It works. Although not in the same way as if I'm lying down. But something is always better than nothing. And it's a great practice to learn to do whenever you can, wherever you are. I'm going to do it longer in this episode by explaining and giving you more time to learn what to focus on. So I'm going to record this episode and then the next episode will be a shorter Christian meditation without much explanation that you can use whenever.  But with practice you can do it as quickly as you need to in any moment. But setting aside a longer time to do it each day (20-30 min) will make a much bigger difference not only in your central nervous system but in your sense of walking with God...

My goal in this podcast — Christian meditation for a bigger life — is to help 21st century Christians in the always distracted digital age — to connect with God with our whole being and sense that embodied connection in each present moment throughout our day. And I think most of us as Christians are often living these unconsciously anxious and tense lives with a kind of bifurcated connection with our own soul and a fragmented connection with God. Where our “Christian faith” has become primarily about certain beliefs about our future rather than an embodied experience right now with the real God who created this entire universe. My story 6 years ago… I read a book by a psychologist that worked at Stanford Medical Center that led to my attending a 6-day clinic in Northern California with the author and his team, along with 10 other attendees, where, among other things, we learned and practiced his protocol for meditation and relaxation.  His method of meditation was not tied to any kind of spirituality. Mainly just focusing on relaxing your entire body at once and focusing your mind on feeling your entire body relax as you continue a slow rhythm of breathing. Pretty basic, but effective in rebooting the central nervous system from a sympathetic (limbic system fight or flight) to a parasympathetic (calm and free of tension and stress). But since then, I've also read lots of books by various neurologists on the brain and body connection and other books by Buddhist authors on meditation, and I've used lots of various audio meditations by all kinds of meditation instructors — lots of Progressive Relaxation or body scan techniques. Almost all of them are tied to a Buddhist spirituality. Buddhists have discovered something real and beneficial, but they've misinterpreted the meaning of it. It's not dissolving the illusion of the self and becoming one with the collective consciousness or Being of the universe, but rather helping our mind re-integrating our soul with our body. There is a transcendence to that that is felt as a mystical experience because we are spiritual beings.  But all of these techniques for meditation, while still helpful, were missing the kind of true spiritual experience in meditation and contemplation that the Bible talks about when it talks about meditation.  So I decided to try to integrate the two. Which I've been doing now for about two years. Taking the best of the non-spiritual kind of meditation protocol I learned in California, along with the best of various mindfulness or Buddhist meditation techniques — and integrating those with previous ways I've meditated on Biblical images of my connection with God. And it has made a huge difference in my life. And it's what I want to help you do in these podcast episodes.  So I want to give you the basic structure I use for this kind of Christian meditation. Eventually — once you learn the basic structure — you can even do it for a three to five-minute meditation to do easily and quickly at home, at work, before an important meeting, when you're stuck in traffic, or anytime you have a pain or anxiety flare.  You can do it lying flat on your back, or sitting in a chair or sometimes I do it even while walking. It works. Although not in the same way as if I'm lying down. But something is always better than nothing. And it's a great practice to learn to do whenever you can, wherever you are. I'm going to do it longer in this episode by explaining and giving you more time to learn what to focus on. So I'm going to record this episode and then the next episode will be a shorter Christian meditation without much explanation that you can use whenever.  But with practice you can do it as quickly as you need to in any moment. But setting aside a longer time to do it each day (20-30 min) will make a much bigger difference not only in your central nervous system but in your sense of walking with God

My goal in this podcast — Christian meditation for a bigger life — is to help 21st century Christians in the always distracted digital age — to connect with God with our whole being and sense that embodied connection in each present moment throughout our day. And I think most of us as Christians are often living these unconsciously anxious and tense lives with a kind of bifurcated connection with our own soul and a fragmented connection with God. Where our “Christian faith” has become primarily about certain beliefs about our future rather than an embodied experience right now with the real God who created this entire universe. My story 6 years ago… I read a book by a psychologist that worked at Stanford Medical Center that led to my attending a 6-day clinic in Northern California with the author and his team, along with 10 other attendees, where, among other things, we learned and practiced his protocol for meditation and relaxation.  His method of meditation was not tied to any kind of spirituality. Mainly just focusing on relaxing your entire body at once and focusing your mind on feeling your entire body relax as you continue a slow rhythm of breathing. Pretty basic, but effective in rebooting the central nervous system from a sympathetic (limbic system fight or flight) to a parasympathetic (calm and free of tension and stress). But since then, I've also read lots of books by various neurologists on the brain and body connection and other books by Buddhist authors on meditation, and I've used lots of various audio meditations by all kinds of meditation instructors — lots of Progressive Relaxation or body scan techniques. Almost all of them are tied to a Buddhist spirituality. Buddhists have discovered something real and beneficial, but they've misinterpreted the meaning of it. It's not dissolving the illusion of the self and becoming one with the collective consciousness or Being of the universe, but rather helping our mind re-integrating our soul with our body. There is a transcendence to that that is felt as a mystical experience because we are spiritual beings.  But all of these techniques for meditation, while still helpful, were missing the kind of true spiritual experience in meditation and contemplation that the Bible talks about when it talks about meditation.  So I decided to try to integrate the two. Which I've been doing now for about two years. Taking the best of the non-spiritual kind of meditation protocol I learned in California, along with the best of various mindfulness or Buddhist meditation techniques — and integrating those with previous ways I've meditated on Biblical images of my connection with God. And it has made a huge difference in my life. And it's what I want to help you do in these podcast episodes.  So I want to give you the basic structure I use for this kind of Christian meditation. Eventually — once you learn the basic structure — you can even do it for a three to five-minute meditation to do easily and quickly at home, at work, before an important meeting, when you're stuck in traffic, or anytime you have a pain or anxiety flare.  You can do it lying flat on your back, or sitting in a chair or sometimes I do it even while walking. It works. Although not in the same way as if I'm lying down. But something is always better than nothing. And it's a great practice to learn to do whenever you can, wherever you are. I'm going to do it longer in this episode by explaining and giving you more time to learn what to focus on. So I'm going to record this episode and then the next episode will be a shorter Christian meditation without much explanation that you can use whenever.  But with practice you can do it as quickly as you need to in any moment. But setting aside a longer time to do it each day (20-30 min) will make a much bigger difference not only in your central nervous system but in your sense of walking with God

Robert Harrington, MD, interviews Ziyad Al-Aly, MD, about his recent paper in Nature Medicine focused on the long-term cardiovascular effects of COVID-19. This podcast is intended for healthcare professionals only. To read a transcript or to comment, visit https://www.medscape.com/author/bob-harrington Robert A. Harrington, MD, Arthur L. Bloomfield Professor; Chair, Department of Medicine, Stanford University; Chair, Department of Medicine, Stanford Medical Center, Stanford, California Ziyad Al-Aly, MD, Chief of Research and Development, VA St. Louis Health Care System, St. Louis, Missouri COVID-19 and Long-term Health Long-Term Cardiovascular Outcomes of COVID-19 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-022-01689-3 High-Dimensional Characterization of Post-acute Sequelae of COVID-19 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03553-9 Risks of Mental Health Outcomes in People With COVID-19: Cohort Study https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj-2021-068993 Kidney Outcomes in Long COVID https://doi.org/10.1681/ASN.2021060734 I'm 26. Coronavirus Sent Me to the Hospital. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/23/opinion/coronavirus-young-people.html You may also like: Medscape editor-in-chief Eric Topol, MD, and master storyteller and clinician Abraham Verghese, MD, on Medicine and the Machine https://www.medscape.com/features/public/machine Hear John Mandrola, MD's summary and perspective on the top cardiology news each week, on This Week in Cardiology https://www.medscape.com/twic Questions or feedback, please contact news@medscape.net

Tony Schwartz is the founder and CEO of The Energy Project, a consulting firm that helps individuals and organizations more skillfully manage their energy so they can thrive in a world of relentlessly rising demand and complexity. Tony began his career as a journalist and he has been a reporter for the New York Times, a writer for Newsweek, and a contributing writer to New York Magazine and Esquire. At the Energy Project, Tony has coached many CEOs and senior leaders. He has also delivered keynotes and training to companies around the world, including Google, Unilever, Apple, PWC Facebook, Whole Foods, EY, Microsoft, Kaiser Permanente, Stanford Medical Center, the National Security Agency, and Save the Children. He has also written extensively about leadership, transformation and the modern workplace for The New York Times, the Washington Post, Forbes, and the Harvard Business Review. Tony is the author of six books, including “The Power of Full Engagement: Managing Energy Not Time” which spent 28 weeks on the New York Times Bestseller List and “The Way We're Working Isn't Working,” also a New York Times and Wall Street Journal bestseller. Tony graduated with honors from the University of Michigan. He is married to Deborah Pines, a psychoanalyst, and they have two grown daughters and four grandchildren.

Tony Schwartz is the founder and CEO of The Energy Project, a consulting firm that helps individuals and organizations more skillfully manage their energy so they can thrive in a world of relentlessly rising demand and complexity. Tony began his career as a journalist and he has been a reporter for the New York Times, a writer for Newsweek, and a contributing writer to New York Magazine and Esquire. At the Energy Project, Tony has coached many CEOs and senior leaders. He has also delivered keynotes and training to companies around the world, including Google, Unilever, Apple, PWC Facebook, Whole Foods, EY, Microsoft, Kaiser Permanente, Stanford Medical Center, the National Security Agency, and Save the Children. He has also written extensively about leadership, transformation and the modern workplace for The New York Times, the Washington Post, Forbes, and the Harvard Business Review. Tony is the author of six books, including “The Power of Full Engagement: Managing Energy Not Time” which spent 28 weeks on the New York Times Bestseller List and “The Way We're Working Isn't Working,” also a New York Times and Wall Street Journal bestseller. Tony graduated with honors from the University of Michigan. He is married to Deborah Pines, a psychoanalyst, and they have two grown daughters and four grandchildren.

Tony Schwartz is the founder and CEO of The Energy Project, a consulting firm that helps individuals and organizations more skillfully manage their energy so they can thrive in a world of relentlessly rising demand and complexity. Tony began his career as a journalist and he has been a reporter for the New York Times, a writer for Newsweek, and a contributing writer to New York Magazine and Esquire. At the Energy Project, Tony has coached many CEOs and senior leaders. He has also delivered keynotes and training to companies around the world, including Google, Unilever, Apple, PWC Facebook, Whole Foods, EY, Microsoft, Kaiser Permanente, Stanford Medical Center, the National Security Agency, and Save the Children. He has also written extensively about leadership, transformation and the modern workplace for The New York Times, the Washington Post, Forbes, and the Harvard Business Review. Tony is the author of six books, including “The Power of Full Engagement: Managing Energy Not Time” which spent 28 weeks on the New York Times Bestseller List and “The Way We're Working Isn't Working,” also a New York Times and Wall Street Journal bestseller. Tony graduated with honors from the University of Michigan. He is married to Deborah Pines, a psychoanalyst, and they have two grown daughters and four grandchildren.

Welcome to the NeurologyLive Mind Moments podcast. Tune in to hear leaders in neurology sound off on topics that impact your clinical practice. In this episode, we spoke with Gregory W. Albers, MD, director, Stanford Stroke Center, Coyote Foundation Professor of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford Medical Center; and founder, RapidAI. He shared his insight into the development and clinical use of RapidAI, a platform that leverages artificial intelligence to create enhanced, high-quality images from noncontrast CT, CT angiography, CT perfusion, and MRI diffusion and perfusion data, aiming to expedient diagnoses, treatment, and transfer decisions Episode Breakdown: 1:15 – Background on RapidAI and its development 3:30 – Findings from the pivotal DIFFUSE clinical program of the system 9:15 – Immediate future plans for RapidAI's capabilities and use 15:55 – Neurology News Minute 18:50 – RapidAI as a complement to the physician in diagnosis 22:00 – Integrating the RapidAI system across the United States 24:50 – The future use of AI in stroke and neuroimaging 28:00 – Closing thoughts The stories featured in this week's Neurology News Minute, which will give you quick updates on the following developments in neurology, are further detailed here: Lecanemab Rolling Submission for Alzheimer Disease Initiated by Eisai, Biogen Fenfluramine sNDA Submitted for Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome Atogepant Approved for Episodic Migraine Prevention Thanks for listening to the NeurologyLive Mind Moments podcast. To support the show, be sure to rate, review, and subscribe wherever you listen to podcasts. For more neurology news and expert-driven content, visit neurologylive.com.

Dr. Meredith Broderick is a triple board-certified sleep physician and founder of Sound Sleep Guru, a telehealth sleep clinic serving WA, CA, and AK.  She attended medical school at The Ohio State University, completed a neurology residency at Case Western Reserve University, and a sleep medicine and behavioral sleep medicine fellowship at Stanford Medical Center. She is board certified in neurology, sleep medicine, and behavioral sleep medicine.  She is one of the only physicians in the country to hold this combination of board certifications. Dr. Broderick practices the full scope of sleep medicine treating conditions such as insomnia, narcolepsy, circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders, restless legs syndrome, and sleep-disordered breathing, including all forms of sleep apnea.  She has a special interest in treating insomnia without medications utilizing a state-of-the-art treatment also known as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia (CBT-I).In this episode we discuss:What is a medical-grade sleep disorder Common sleep disorders: insomnia, circadian sleep disorders, narcolepsy, restless leg syndromeWhy men have a higher risk of developing sleep apneaWhat are some solutions to solve the problem of snoringThe factors that perpetuate insomniaHow cognitive behavior therapy helps cure insomniaWhy sleep aids don't give you the sleep your body actually needsWhy not everyone needs 8 hours of sleepWhat is lucid dreaming and how it worksWhy most doctors don't know how to treat insomniaConnect with Meredith:Website: www.soundsleepguru.comInstagram: @soundsleepguruConnect with Ashley:Website: www.ashleyrivard.comInstagram: @intothedawnpodcast

Reiki has played a huge role in my sense of self-worth and my overall well-being. Yet it's been one of my best-kept secrets. Not any more! Today I'm discussing everything you need to know to tap into this healing energy you didn't know you needed in your life. What is Reiki? How does it work? Can it be done remotely or only in person? And what are my clients saying about working with me as a Karuna Reiki Master? Mrs. Takata, a trailblazer in the Reiki community, once said, “I want Reiki to be as common as aspirin.” And that's my mission as well. I have a deep desire to introduce this tool to as many people as possible. I also want to expand the number of practitioners by offering more classes. That's why starting in October I'll be teaching monthly Reiki I/II classes for the remainder of 2021 so that my students can learn how to use this healing energy for themselves in less than 48 hours.For those who may think this is too woo-woo or not for them, I encourage you to shift your mindset. There are plenty of studies on the power of Reiki. It's also widely used in major hospitals like the Mayo Clinic, Stanford Medical Center, John-Hopkins Medicine, and many more well-known medical centers. Yet, sadly it's still this amazing healing secret that many in the Black and brown community have never heard of until today. Let's continue to spread the word and the healing in our community! Book a session with me: https://calendly.com/hellawellwithdanielle/45-min-reiki-sessionsShow notes: https://hellawellwithdanielle.com/podcast/im-about-that-reiki-lifeBe sure to also join the Hella Well With Danielle newsletter for my biggest ah-ha moments from each episode and special announcements. Sign up at http://hellawellwithdanielle.com/join-wellness-revolution/.Thanks so much for listening! If you like this episode, please subscribe, rate, and review. 

Welcome to BCEN and Friends and meet our latest guest Dylan McCloud-Lewis. This episode is titled “Lessons from a new nurse”. In this podcast episode meet our BCEN friend Dylan McCloud-Lewis. Dylan is a critical care nurse who is just about to start his second year of nursing. Dylan and his wife just moved from Portland, Oregon to San Francisco so he could start a job on the Medical Oncology ICU at Stanford Medical Center. He is a third-generation nurse who happened to stumble upon a love of nursing in his late 20's and is deeply passionate about caring for the critically ill. He got involved with BCEN in nursing school and his ultimate dream job is to become a flight nurse. Outside of work, he loves pretty much anything that gets him out in nature. So, listen as Janie Schumaker and Mark Eggers talk with Dylan about being a new nurse and what it means to him. Also find out some of the places he has traveled with his wife and the adventures they have had. Feel free to follow our latest guest, Dylan McCloud-Lewis, on social media: LinkedIn: www.linkedin.com/in/dylan-mccloud-lewis-622298176    

On this episode of the RAISE podcast, Brent talks to a long-time innovator, friend, and Advancement Services Great, Caroline Chang. After a varied career during which she “took the cookies as they were passed” (she'll explain what that means), Caroline landed as the Vice President of Community and Product Engagement at UC Innovation. Caroline has worked extensively as an internal and external partner with almost every CRM system in the advancement space, so she knows the ecosystem of traditional alumni databases and what each of them can and can't provide to fundraisers. Caroline was an early believer that if we can connect the digital engagement signals that alumni give us on social media with all the rich data that lives deep within alumni databases, we'll have the recipe for fundraising success in a modern advancement shop. Besides being a techie, innovator, and expert integrator, Caroline is also a cat-lover, a knitter, a breast cancer survivor, the chair of the CASE Summer Institute for Advancement Services, and a larger-than-life friend with so much personal and professional wisdom to share. Thank you, Caroline, for being a star guest on the RAISE podcast.About CarolineCaroline brings over 30 years of advancement experience to UC Innovation. As the former associate vice president for advancement services at Santa Clara University, she oversaw gift and biographic processing, reporting and technical services, training, and research and prospect management. She started her advancement career at Stanford University as director of young alumni and student development, then transitioned to director of annual giving for the Stanford Medical Center. She became Stanford's managing director of development operations in April 2003 and director of operations in November 2006. Outside of higher education, Caroline is passionate about animals and often thinks of becoming a veterinary technician as her next career. She is president and co-founder of The Catz Meow, an all-volunteer cat transport organization started in May 2016. She was recognized for excellence in teaching with the CASE Crystal Apple in 2016. Caroline holds both a bachelor's and master's degree from Stanford University, and a master's degree in business administration from Santa Clara University.

COVID-19 has worsened the tension, putting physicians' well-being and mental health in jeopardy. Just like any individual, medical practitioners feel the pressure, stress, and fear because they’re also human beings.Isolation, the added stress of working long hours as front liners, the pressure, lack of support, and not having enough time to seek help or therapy all lead to depression and burnout. As physicians, we are under pressure from all kinds of sources from expectations of patients, organizations where we work, from our managers, our loved ones, and even from ourselves. In today’s episode, we will be joined by three amazing guests: Dr. Rebecca Smith-Coggins, Dr. Barr Taylor, and Dr. Mira Zein, and discussed a hugely important topic in this generation. We’ll be tackling pressure, burnout, depersonalization, the importance and effects of lack of sleep, campaign for self-compassion, and de-stigmatizing mental health in general.As medical students and doctors, we always believe that there’s no room for failure but we should also think about our physical and mental well-being to be able to take care of our patients as well. Reflect on this episode and together let’s create a supportive environment to stop the stigma on mental health.Memorable Quotes:US physicians have one of the highest rates of suicide of any profession. It is estimated that 300 to 400 doctors kill themselves each year. -Dr. Julieta GabiolaPhysicians are trained to feel a little bit invulnerable and sleep is seen as a usable commodity. - Dr. Barr TaylorStress will cause sleep dysregulation, which will then lead to more stress. Dr. Mira ZeinBurnout is a triad of symptoms. It's emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, distancing yourself from things, and a sense of low personal accomplishment. - Dr. Rebecca Smith-CogginsDepersonalization is the replacement of empathy with cynicism and the result is emotional numbness. You get numb to what the patient is experiencing. -Dr. Julieta Gabiola There are higher rates of burnout for nurses compared to other healthcare workers in particular because they're oftentimes at the first line in COVID wards. - Dr. Mira ZeinA person looking after themselves is a sign of health, not stigma. - Dr. Barr TaylorFear contributes to the stigma in seeking help. -Dr. Julieta Gabiola Suicide can be very impulsive. It can be done in the context of an acute stressor that happens when someone doesn't have the coping skills to deal with it. - Dr. Mira ZeinThe meditation of love and kindness is very strong for self-compassion. - Dr. Rebecca Smith-CogginsAcceptance and commitment therapy is accepting without judgment where you are at this time because this is just where you are and it doesn't have to be permanent. -Dr. Mira ZeinAbout the Guest/s:Dr. Rebecca Smith-Coggins is Professor of Emergency Medicine and Associate Dean for Medical Student Advising at Stanford University. She started the Office of Medical Student Wellness in 2013 at Stanford as well as the Stanford Emergency Medicine Residency program in 1990. Her research focuses on physician/med student wellbeing and has done several studies looking at the power of naps on night shifts.Dr. Barr Taylor is a Professor of Psychiatry, Emeritus, at Stanford Medical Center, and Research Professor and Director of the Center for m2Health at Palo Alto University. He was an adult psychiatry training director in the Stanford Department of Psychiatry for many years and recently has been developing and evaluating digital mental health approaches to populations.Dr. Mira Zein is a Clinical Assistant Professor of Psychiatry at Stanford University. She specializes as a consult-liaison psychiatrist, working in the Emergency department, medical and surgical floors in the hospital, as well as in primary care, where she has been developing an Integrated Behavioral Health model to provide improved access to mental health care. She also leads the e-consult program for the Department of Psychiatry. About the Host:Dr. Jette is a Clinical Professor of Medicine at Stanford University and the President & CEO of ABCs for Global Health. Click here for her full profile or read her full interview here.Click here for the FULL TRANSCRIPT. See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

About Dr. Jose Bolaños MD: Jose Bolanos MD is CEO of Nimbus-T Global inc, focused on Secure Healthcare Identity Management and Authentication. His consulting practice has provided strategic development and positioning of many healthcare startup companies. He is a speaker on funding healthcare startup companies and is passionate about innovation. He trained at Stanford Medical Center as an Ob/Gyn specialist and served in clinical practice for over 20 years. Current CEO of Nimbus Technologies focused on securing healthcare information and network security. * Past researcher at UC Davis in human sperm cryopreservation and fertilization. * Past Chief Strategist for LifeMed ID which focused on patient identity management using Smart Card technologies and Cloud based infrastructure. * His emphasis on managing patient healthcare data for hospitals, HIEs and ACOs. * Past CEO of New Americas Medical Group, a physician IPA dealing with managed care solutions for Hispanic patient healthcare delivery. Speaking Engagements: – Sept 2014 – Healthcare Transformation Group (10 IDNs) Kaiser Sponsored Garfield Innovation Center, Oakland CA – “The Future in Healthcare Transformation.” – May 2014 – Dialogue on Disparity, Washington DC – “Advances in Technology to Bridge the Cultural Disparity Gap.” – March 2014 – National Hispanic Medical Association, Washington DC – “Best Practices for Technology to Engage Hispanic Patients.” – January 2014 – N. California HIMSS, San Francisco, CA – Innovation and Technology Summit | Moderator of a panel including Prentice Tom MD, CMO CEP America, Michael Arratow MD, CMO San Mateo Medical Center and Aenor Sawyer MD, Director of Digital Health at UCSF. – August 2013 – UBM – Med Device San Diego – “Successful Funding Strategies for Startups.” http://venture-med.com http://nimbus-t.com Check out Nimbus-T Telegram Channel. https://t.me/nimbus_t --- This episode is sponsored by · Anchor: The easiest way to make a podcast. https://anchor.fm/app

Dr. Lungren is the Co-Director of the Stanford Center for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine and Imaging, @Stanford AIMI and an Associate Professor at @Stanford Medical Center. His research interest is in the field of AI and deep learning in medical imaging, precision medicine, and predictive health outcomes.About the Host:Jay is a PhD student at Arizona State University, doing research on building Interpretable AI models for Medical Diagnosis.Jay Shah: https://www.linkedin.com/in/shahjay22/You can reach out to https://www.public.asu.edu/~jgshah1/ for any queries.Stay tuned for upcoming webinars!***Disclaimer: The information contained in this video represents the views and opinions of the speaker and does not necessarily represent the views or opinions of any institution. It does not constitute an endorsement by any Institution or its affiliates of such video content.***

We do a light excavation of the newly passed (yet to be signed into law) "HEROES Act" (H.R. 133). Stanford Medical Center gives vaccines to each and every more deserving "elite" in their ranks while 1,342 frontline medical workers are left empty handed. As the vaccines roll out (and slowly trickle down from Mt. Olympus, where all our godlike ruling class reside) the UK is exploding with a new, highly infectious, strain of COVID-19, which Boris Johnson's insane, homicidal, "herd immunity" policies 1000% created the conditions for. But, on the other hand, Saturn and Jupiter have aligned in a way not seen since 1226, so, everything's lookin' up. General RecommendationsJD's Recommendations: 1) Don't Celebrate Christmas 2) Use Electric BlanketsJNM's Recommendation: Grizzly ManFurther Reading, Viewing, ListeningHEROES Act to give $350 million in coronavirus aid to 50 of the richest communities From racehorse owners to business lunch goers: Here's who got a tax breakDemocrats urged to fight for bigger relief checksStanford hospital erupts in protest after vaccine plan leaves out residentsStanford frontline health care workers slam chaos in COVID-19 vaccine rolloutStanford apologizes after doctors protest vaccine planBritain’s dangerous new COVID-19 strainProtest in front of Jeff Bezos' $165 million Beverly Hills mansion Protesters set up a guillotine outside Jeff Bezos' mansionJupiter and Saturn in rare celestial ‘Great Conjunction’Locationless Locationsheatdeathpod.comEvery show-related link is corralled and available here.Heat Death of the Universe - @heatdeathpodJD Newland - @jdnewlandJoshua Nomen-Mutatio - @ImbalancingActPlease send all Letters of Derision, Indifference, Inquiry, Mild Elation, et cetera to: heatdeathoftheuniversepodcast@gmail.comOutro MusicDavid Bowie"Heroes"Heroes

Dr. Chaand Ohri, community doctor, joins us to discuss the latest developments regarding COVID-19 vaccines, including where in line you may find yourself to receive a shot, as a second vaccine is released on the US market. We'll also discuss the protests at Stanford Medical Center, where medical students took direct action on Friday morning, holding signs and demanding answers from Stanford's leadership about why just seven of its more than 1,300 residents were selected to receive the vaccine in the first round of 5,000 doses.Levi Rickert, editor or Native News Online, joins us to discuss the complicated relationship between energy and the US Department of the Interior. Rep. Deb Haaland (D-NM), who was recently named as US President-elect Joe Biden's nominee for the post of interior secretary, has said she opposes fracking on public lands, but New Mexico remains an oil and gas producer, and fracking is a very big part of that. What has been her record on energy and the environment so far, and how is she going to work within Biden's oft-repeated promise not to ban fracking?Ted Rall, syndicated columnist and political cartoonist, joins us to discuss the state of Pennsylvania, which didn’t actually spend about $108 million of the $175 million it got through the CARES Act for rent relief and mortgage help. The money was supposed to help landlords and tenants, but the way the state devised the program to distribute it made it either too burdensome or too unappealing to take part. It also made tenants jump through hoops to prove they were unemployed or had lost at least 30% of their income, which is hard to do when your employer has closed up shop temporarily or permanently. The Pennsylvania Housing Finance Agency flagged these issues in July, but nothing was done. What's really going on here?

Stanford Medical Center Residents Protest Vaccine Administration Plan https://arstechnica.com/science/2020/12/stanford-hospital-erupts-in-protest-after-vaccine-plan-leaves-out-residents/ #peoplearerevolting twitter.com/peoplerevolting Peoplearerevolting.com movingtrainradio.com

More than 100 Stanford Medical Center doctors held a raucous protest Friday, accusing the university of prioritizing the wrong health care workers to receive coronavirus vaccines ahead of residents and fellows who work directly with COVID-19 patients. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Greg Hammer MD is a pediatric intensive care physician, pediatric anesthesiologist, Stanford University Medical Center professor, student of Buddhism and author of GAIN Without Pain: The Happiness Handbook for Health Care Professionals.  Greg talks about the impact of chronic stress and the wide variety of stressors affecting health care workers as well as those isolated at home.  He also introduces the four pillars of his GAIN strategy-- gratitude, acceptance, intention and non-judgment-- and how he incorporates these principles into his own life. @greghammerMD #COVID19 GregHammerMD.com Listen to the podcast here

Greg Hammer MD is a pediatric intensive care physician, pediatric anesthesiologist, Stanford University Medical Center professor, student of Buddhism and author of GAIN Without Pain: The Happiness Handbook for Health Care Professionals.  Greg talks about the impact of chronic stress and the wide variety of stressors affecting health care workers as well as those isolated at home.  He also introduces the four pillars of his GAIN strategy-- gratitude, acceptance, intention and non-judgment-- and how he incorporates these principles into his own life. @greghammerMD #COVID19 GregHammerMD.com Download the transcript here

Today we will talk about special education and COVID-19 with Dr. Simon Tan and journalist Joy Diaz.Texas Standard reporter Joy Diaz has amassed a lengthy and highly recognized body of work in public media reporting. Prior to joining Texas Standard, Joy was a reporter with Austin NPR station KUT on and off since 2005. There, she covered city news and politics, education, healthcare and immigration.Originally from Mexico, Joy moved to the U.S. in 1998 when her husband Luis was transferred from his job in Mexico City to Virginia. While there, Joy worked for Roanoke NPR station WVTF.Joy speaks English and Spanish (which is a plus in a state like Texas). She graduated from Universidad de Cuautitlán Izcalli in Mexico City with a degree in Journalism. In 2008 she took a break to devote herself to her two young children, before returning to the KUT studios. She loves reading, painting and spending time engaging with the community.Simon Tan is a clinical neuropsychologist and Clinical Associate Professor of Neurology at Stanford Medical Center in Palo Alto, CA specializing in the evaluation and diagnosis of geriatric populations with dementia associated disorders such as Alzheimer's disease and stroke and movement disorders such as Parkinson's Disease and ALS.  He sees patients with psychiatric disturbances such as depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, and somatization disorders.  Outside of Stanford, he does teaching and supervision at a number of local graduate schools with programs in Clinical Psychology and Clinical Neuropsychology.  In his private practice, he sees adolescents and adults with neurodevelopmental disorders such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, learning disorder, and autism spectrum disorder.  

* COVID cases in hardest-hit states declining Data indicates it's receding in the South as it did in Northeast - Dr. Scott Atlas, a Hoover Institution senior fellow and former chief of neuroradiology at Stanford Medical Center, confirmed the data shows that even in Texas, Florida and Arizona, "the trends are stable or even coming down." * Dutch government suggests masks could increase COVID risk due to incorrect wear. * Government officials in the Netherlands will not ask citizens to wear masks, they say there is no clear evidence that doing so would slow the spread of the coronavirus - Reuters. * Trump Campaign Touts Face Coverings: Patriots Wear Face Masks. * DC Mayor Says Attendees of Lewis Funeral Exempt From COVID Restrictions. * Gym owners break into their own business, open shop despite governor's orders. * Llama antibodies used to create 'nanobodies' that neutralize coronavirus - 'We are hopeful that we can push this breakthrough on into pre-clinical trials'. * THE BABE IN THE BUNKER Trader Joe's wins one for sanity! - Barbara Simpson - lauds company for its 'spine of steel' & refusal to bow to PC demand. * Steve Scalise forces Fauci to admit Trump saved lives with his COVID response. * Big Tech censors debate on hydroxychloroquine. 'An epidemiology professor at Yale isn't a real doctor?' * Britain to roll out millions of 90-minute coronavirus tests.

Hour 1 * COVID cases in hardest-hit states declining Data indicates it’s receding in the South as it did in Northeast – Dr. Scott Atlas, a Hoover Institution senior fellow and former chief of neuroradiology at Stanford Medical Center, confirmed the data shows that even in Texas, Florida and Arizona, “the trends are stable or even coming down.” * Dutch government suggests masks could increase COVID risk due to incorrect wear. * Government officials in the Netherlands will not ask citizens to wear masks, they say there is no clear evidence that doing so would slow the spread of the coronavirus – Reuters. * Trump Campaign Touts Face Coverings: Patriots Wear Face Masks. * DC Mayor Says Attendees of Lewis Funeral Exempt From COVID Restrictions. * Gym owners break into their own business, open shop despite governor’s orders. * Llama antibodies used to create ‘nanobodies’ that neutralize coronavirus – ‘We are hopeful that we can push this breakthrough on into pre-clinical trials’. * THE BABE IN THE BUNKER Trader Joe’s wins one for sanity! – Barbara Simpson – lauds company for its ‘spine of steel’ & refusal to bow to PC demand. * Steve Scalise forces Fauci to admit Trump saved lives with his COVID response. * Big Tech censors debate on hydroxychloroquine. ‘An epidemiology professor at Yale isn’t a real doctor?’ * Britain to roll out millions of 90-minute coronavirus tests. Hour 2 * Guest: Rachel Alexander – The Editor of The Intellectual Conservative – TownHall.com. * The House Ethics Committee ordered Republican Arizona Rep. David Schweikert to pay a $50,000 fine after it found that he had violated 11 House rules on campaign finance and congressional budgets. * Rachel Gets Hit With BLM Lies and Harassment! * Progressives Get Conservative Catholic Teacher Fired Over Black Lives Matter Tweet. * The Left’s Brilliantly Deceptive Documentary ‘Alt-Right: Age of Rage’. * The Left Jussie Smolletted Me. * The Vicious Fighting Between People Over Masks. * Corrupt DOJ Finally Caught For Going After Little Guys During Subprime Mortgage Crisis. --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/loving-liberty/support

On this episode: If we take care of ourselves, we can take care of others We can reconnect with who we are by reconnecting with Earth Our bodies are the greatest gift to do our life’s work Remove all the layers to get to the core Unlearning the process Our current symptoms aren’t connected to spirituality All of our answers lie in nature We get to blend the science and nature for the ultimate health to create energy in our bodies Ask yourself: What are your food stories? What do you rely on for energy? Are they processed? Are they coming from nature? Are you addicted to it?   Your body has the possibility to create it – sun, soil, air, plants   Fruits – highest source of energy on Earth 70-80% is the content of water in our bodies When you eat something ask yourself how much water it contains?   Regenerative foods Grown from Earth High in hydration   Our bodies work with Sun Mornings to detox to power yourself Celery Juice on empty stomach Grounding foods throughout the day We need carbs so we can create our own proteins in our own liver Critical clean carbs - • Fruit • Raw Honey • Potatoes and sweet potatoes • Winter squash • Coconut water The critical glucose we get from CCC: • Protects the nervous system • Stops the brain from shrinking • Builds muscles • Protects the heart • Is vital for liver function • Protects the adrenals • Helps you cope with stress • Is critical for healing • Feeds every cell in the body   Also remember, veggies are filled with protein.   The One thing she wants people to know about her: I am love (my name Amy means BELOVED)   Daily Rituals: What works for me changes with seasons I am in. Celery, lemon water, sweet potatoes Master your morning Last thing that’s on my heart: Reconnect to your body. Your body loves you.   Amy Zhou: A certified Health Coach and Medicine Woman that specializes in teaching women (and men) how to heal their body, mind and spirit naturally at home.  While attending Stanford University, she worked with some of the best physicians, researchers, and doctors at the Stanford Medical Center. After graduation, Amy worked as an engineer at a breast cancer medical device startup. During her time in the medical field, many of her encounters revealed to me that while Western medicine is extremely effective for emergencies and surgeries, there has been very little breakthroughs in healing chronic illnesses.  With this in mind, she switched career paths and became one of the youngest, and most highly recruited executives for multi-million and billion dollar e-commerce startups. I worked for Rent The Runway, Shoedazzle, Justfab, and more.  While working as a female executive, the pressure and stress started to lower her immunity. For over the last decade, Amy suffered from chronic eczema, acne, psoriasis, anxiety, hair loss, and allergies.  In 2017, she decided that I've had enough. So she enrolled myself into IIN, got her health coach certification, and started to view and love her body from a whole different perspective.  Through this journey, she is ever so grateful for her mentors and guides, especially the works from Edgar Cayce, and Anthony William. They have opened her eyes to the truth behind our own healing abilities.  Today, her mission is to create programs, products, and services that will easily share this healing wisdom to anyone who is seeking.   Ps: Have you join my free private FB group yet? It’s only high vibe ladies who are supporting each other thrive in life. Excited to see you there! http://bit.ly/FBtocoaching  

Start of Interview [1:51]How is a16z dealing with COVID-19, plus its new Talent & Opportunity Fund [2:31]Scott's professional background [3:48]The shift from traditional VC firm to Registered Investment Advisor (to pursue investment opportunities beyond traditional equity, such as crypto) [6:00]The governance chapters of his book The Secrets of Sand Hill Road. Distinctions between public and private venture-backed boards [12:11]:The contrast in board composition in the private and public board context [12:38]Dual fiduciary duties owed by VC directors [13:48]"Common controlled" boards vs "preferred controlled" boards [14:50]Andreessen Horowitz' different approach to support its portfolio CEOs post-investment (institutionalizing the network) [17:03]Number of boards seats held by VC investors (and why it's different to public boards) [20:33]Scott's take on dual-class shares, and distinctions in the private and public company context [25:13]Scott's take on tenure-voting ("rethinking what's fair in corporate governance") [29:10]Why a16z invested in the Long Term Stock Exchange [32:35]Scott's recommendations to boards of venture-backed companies in down-rounds and M&A [36:09]Trends of independent directors in venture-backed companies [40:00]The rise of private markets in the tech financing ecosystem [42:46]The new governance challenges of late stage private companies [44:20]The Purpose of the Corporation and the Governance of Cryptonetworks [47:06]Two of his favorite books: "The Lost Lawyer" by Anthony Kronman, and "The Master of the Senate: the Years of Lyndon Johnson" by Robert Caro [54:06]His mentors: Marc Andreessen, Ben Horowitz. Early (informal mentor): Armin Weinberg [55:38]His favorite quote “In the long run, we are all dead” by John Maynard Keynes. [57:13]Scott Kupor is the managing partner at Andreessen Horowitz where he is responsible for all operational aspects of running the firm. He has been with the firm since its inception in 2009 and has overseen its rapid growth, from three employees to 180 and from $300 million in assets under management to more than $12 billion.Scott is chairman of the board of Genesys Works; cofounder and co-director of the Stanford Venture Capital Director’s College; Executive in Residence at Haas School of Business and Boalt School of Law; and a Lecturer at Stanford Law School. He is vice-chair of the investment committee of St. Jude’s Children’s Cancer Research Hospital and also serves as a member of the investment committees for Stanford Medical Center, the Silicon Valley Community Foundation, and Lick Wilmerding High School.Scott served as Chairman of the Board of the National Venture Capital Association (2017-2018). He is the author of the national bestselling book Secrets of Sand Hill Road: Venture Capital and How to Get It, published by Portfolio, a division of Penguin.___Music/Soundtrack (found via Free Music Archive): Seeing The Future by Dexter Britain is licensed under a Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 United States License 

* Guest: Lowell Nelson - CampaignForLiberty.org - RonPaulInstitute.org. * The Flu: Lessons from 1918. Book: Vaccination Condemned, Eleanor McBean. * Death by Fear and Germs: Unless the Government Kills You First - Gary D. Barnett. "germs are our friends." Barnett's closing statement: "Population control through higher mortality and sterilization is evident in the government’s agenda, and distancing, isolation, forced vaccination, and undue stress are sought in order to facilitate this plan." * The data is in — stop the panic and end the total isolation - Scott W. Atlas, MD - senior fellow at the Hoover Institution at Stanford University, and the former chief of neuroradiology at Stanford Medical Center. Facts: The overwhelming majority of people do not have any significant risk of dying from COVID-19. Protecting older, at-risk people eliminates hospital overcrowding. Vital population immunity is prevented by total isolation policies, prolonging the problem. People are dying because other medical care is not getting done due to hypothetical projections. We have a clearly defined population at risk who can be protected with targeted measures. "The appropriate policy, based on fundamental biology and the evidence already in hand, is to institute a more focused strategy like some outlined in the first place: Strictly protect the known vulnerable, self-isolate the mildly sick and open most workplaces and small businesses with some prudent large-group precautions. This would allow the essential socializing to generate immunity among those with minimal risk of serious consequence, while saving lives, preventing overcrowding of hospitals and limiting the enormous harms compounded by continued total isolation. Let’s stop under-emphasizing empirical evidence while instead doubling down on hypothetical models. Facts matter." * Arrest of Idaho mother Sara Brady, at Public Playground. * Breaking the Tenth Amendment. * Hilarious Video: ReOpen California.

* Guest: Lowell Nelson – CampaignForLiberty.org – RonPaulInstitute.org. * The Flu: Lessons from 1918. Book: Vaccination Condemned, Eleanor McBean. * Death by Fear and Germs: Unless the Government Kills You First – Gary D. Barnett. “germs are our friends.” Barnett’s closing statement: “Population control through higher mortality and sterilization is evident in the government’s agenda, and distancing, isolation, forced vaccination, and undue stress are sought in order to facilitate this plan.” * The data is in — stop the panic and end the total isolation – Scott W. Atlas, MD – senior fellow at the Hoover Institution at Stanford University, and the former chief of neuroradiology at Stanford Medical Center. Facts: The overwhelming majority of people do not have any significant risk of dying from COVID-19. Protecting older, at-risk people eliminates hospital overcrowding. Vital population immunity is prevented by total isolation policies, prolonging the problem. People are dying because other medical care is not getting done due to hypothetical projections. We have a clearly defined population at risk who can be protected with targeted measures. “The appropriate policy, based on fundamental biology and the evidence already in hand, is to institute a more focused strategy like some outlined in the first place: Strictly protect the known vulnerable, self-isolate the mildly sick and open most workplaces and small businesses with some prudent large-group precautions. This would allow the essential socializing to generate immunity among those with minimal risk of serious consequence, while saving lives, preventing overcrowding of hospitals and limiting the enormous harms compounded by continued total isolation. Let’s stop under-emphasizing empirical evidence while instead doubling down on hypothetical models. Facts matter.” * Arrest of Idaho mother Sara Brady, at Public Playground. * Breaking the Tenth Amendment. * Hilarious Video: ReOpen California. --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/loving-liberty/support

UCLA Geneticist Steve Horvath has led a small clinical study that effectively reversed the participant's epigenetic clock for what appears to be about 2.5 years as reported in Nature. The study involved a combination of drugs and growth hormones. Patients were treated with a combination of growth hormone and two diabetes medications which appeared to have worked—also rejuvenating the participant's immune systems. The participating scientists found themselves surprised by the results. The Study The study actually started back in 2015 when Gregory Fahy, the chief scientific officer and co-founder of Intervene Immune in Los Angeles, the study sponsor. An immunologist by profession, Fahy requested that Horvath analyze the results to assess the impact on the patients' epigenetic clock or biological age reported Newsweek. The study went on for a year and involved nine healthy participants. They were administered a cocktail of three common drugs—growth hormone and two diabetes medications. Called the Thymus Regeneration, Immunorestoration and Insulin Mitigation (TRIIM) trial, 9 white men participated—between the ages of 51 and 65 years of age. The study was approved by the FDA in May 2015. It was conducted at Stanford Medical Center in Palo Alto, CA. To reach out to Dr. Fahy at Intervene Immune go here   For more information about Dr. Fahy and his work go here and here

Dr Carolyn Lam:                Welcome to Circulation on the Run, your weekly podcast summary and backstage pass to the journal and its editors. We're your cohosts. I'm Dr Carolyn Lam, associate editor from the National Heart Center and Duke National University of Singapore. Dr Greg Hundley:             And I'm Greg Hundley, associate editor from the Pauley Heart Center at VCU Health in Richmond, Virginia. Dr Carolyn Lam:                In just a moment, we will be discussing further results from the CREDENCE trial. That's canagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease, this time focusing on the cardiovascular outcomes as well as both primary and secondary prevention groups. Really exciting stuff, huh, Greg? Dr Greg Hundley:             Absolutely, Carolyn. Got any papers you want to have a coffee chat about? Dr Carolyn Lam:                Absolutely. So my first pick really tells us that allele-specific RNA silencing of human alleles may be effective in treating inherited cardiomyopathies. Want to hear more? Dr Greg Hundley:             You bet. Dr Carolyn Lam:                So, this is a study from Dr Ashley and colleagues from Stanford University School of Medicine who performed a selective allele-specific silencing of the human restrictive cardiomyopathy, a specific mutation of asparagine to lysine in the regulatory light chain, which is encoded by MYL2. So they did this in a humanized transgenic mouse model using an adeno-associated virus RNA interference approach. Using this approach, they showed that an interfering RNA treatment ameliorated disease phenotypes by specifically reducing the cardiac expression of the mutated allele, hypertrophic carb biomarkers and intramyocardial fibrosis. In fact, isolated cardiomyocytes from the treated animals showed normalization of contraction and relaxation dynamics with partial restoration of calcium re-uptake dynamics. Dr Greg Hundley:             Boy, Carolyn, sounds like improvement in cardiovascular function, but were there any adverse effects? Dr Carolyn Lam:                Great question. Well, they also performed cardiac genome-wide transcriptome profiling, which showed a reduction in the hypertrophic program without significant off-target effects, so that's important. So in summary, these results show the feasibility, efficacy, and safety of RNA interference therapeutics directed at human restrictive cardiomyopathy. A really promising step towards targeted therapy for a prevalent disease. Dr Greg Hundley:             Very nice. Carolyn. So I'm going to start my discussion also with a basic science paper that's going to focus on ischemia reperfusion injury and looking at the mechanism by which mitochondrial dysfunction can be avoided. So, the paper emanates from Dr Yu-Lin Li from Beijing Anzhen Hospital at the Capital Medical University in Beijing. The study from Dr Li identifies an important mechanism of this myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in a mouse model and found, in human subjects, a biomarker that was predictive of adverse cardiovascular events after those individuals had sustained an MI. Dr Carolyn Lam:                Oh, interesting. So tell us more, Greg. Dr Greg Hundley:             Yeah, so the authors utilized a dynamic transcriptome analysis of mouse hearts exposed to various myocardial ischemia-reperfusion periods to identify a new inflammatory molecule that they termed S100A8/A9, and it was an early mediator. And then they measured this new inflammatory molecule level in patients, human subjects, after myocardial infarction, before and after they had undergone percutaneous intervention. So this S100A8/A9 was identified as the most significantly up-regulated gene during the early reperfusion stage and knockout of that molecule markedly decreased cardiomyocyte death and improved heart function, whereas hematopoietic overexpression of the molecule exacerbated myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury.                                                 The authors then demonstrated that the levels in patients significantly increased day one post-PCI in anterior MI patients and elevated molecule levels were associated with the incidents of future MACE. So perhaps, in the future, targeting this molecule-initiated signaling may represent a novel therapeutic intervention for myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Dr Carolyn Lam:                Interesting and very nicely explained. Now my next paper, the title says it all. Three Public Health Interventions Could Save 94 Million Lives in 25 Years. So we know that preventable noncommunicable diseases, which are mostly cardiovascular diseases, are responsible for 38 million deaths annually. So, these authors who are Dr Danaei and colleagues from Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health in Boston, Massachusetts, quantified the global mortality impact of three high-impact and feasible interventions. One, scaling up treatment of high blood pressure to 70%, two, reducing sodium intake by 30% and, three, eliminating the intake of artificial trans fatty acids.                                                 So, they used global data on mean blood pressure levels and sodium and trans-fat intake by country, age and sex from a pooled analysis of population health surveys and regional estimates of current coverage of antihypertensive medications as well as cause-specific mortality rates in each country, along with projections from 2015 to 2040. They used the most recent meta-analysis of epidemiologic studies to derive the relative risk reductions for each intervention.                                                 And, in summary, they found that the combined effect of the three interventions delayed 94.3 million deaths during 25 years. Increasing the coverage of antihypertensive medications to 70% alone would delay 39.4 million deaths, whereas reducing sodium intake by 30% would delay another 40 million deaths and eliminating trans-fat would delay an additional 14.8 million deaths. Dr Greg Hundley:             Aha. So controlling blood pressure, cutting salt, eliminating trans fats, but are there any regional differences around the world, Carolyn, your part of the world versus United States? Dr Carolyn Lam:                Good question as always. So the authors also estimated the impact in different parts of the world and found that the estimated impact of trans fat elimination was largest in South Asia. Sub-Saharan Africa had the largest proportion of premature delayed deaths out of all delayed deaths. National and international efforts therefore need to scale up these interventions and this should be a focus of cardiovascular disease prevention programs. Dr Greg Hundley:             Oh, my. Really interesting. Well, I'll tell you what, Carolyn, my next article is going to take us to space, the unified efforts of all these countries in the world trying to examine the effects of prolonged space flight. So this article, it's headed up by Dr Ben Levine at University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, but it has a very large group of coauthors and examines the impact of prolonged space flight on orthostatic tolerance as those astronauts return to earth.                                                 So, as we know, astronauts returning to earth usually demonstrate reduced orthostatic tolerance, especially when you assess them on a tilt table. But no studies to date have evaluated sort of the post-flight return to earth effects of orthostatic on activities of daily living, and those are most clinically relevant. So in this study, ambulatory blood pressure variability, that's already been known to be associated with orthostatic intolerance in other patient populations and can capture clinically significant orthostatic hypertension during activities of daily living. So, in the study, ambulatory beat-to-beat blood pressure was recorded using a portable device for multiple 24-hour time periods before, during, and after six months of space flight in 12 astronauts, four women, age averaged 48 plus or minus five years. Dr Carolyn Lam:                Fascinating. What a clever study. So what did happen to the astronauts when they returned to earth? Dr Greg Hundley:             So, in contrast to previous studies which employed the tilt tables or the stand test, no astronaut experienced orthostatic intolerance or hypertension during activities of daily living before or after space flight. 24-hour systolic blood pressure decreased in space as we might expect, but it returned to normal upon landing and diastolic blood pressure was unchanged during and following space flight. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure variability remained the same before, during, and after space flight. Given the current countermeasures that include exercise, training in flight, volume resuscitation on return, no astronauts experienced orthostatic hypertension or intolerance during routine, for landing day, activities in the initial 24 hours after landing, following six months in space. And prolonged exposure to space fight, therefore, had little impact on systolic blood pressure variability and its distribution. Though the latter showed just a transient change in space and that might be expected. It returned, however, to preflight values when we got back to earth. Very nice work. Dr Carolyn Lam:                Yes, indeed. Very clever. But let's carry on with our feature discussion, shall we? Dr Greg Hundley:             You bet. Welcome everyone to our featured article discussion, and we're going to learn more about primary and secondary cardiovascular-related events from the CREDENCE trial and we have with us, Dr Ken Mahaffey from Stanford Medical Center in California and our associate editor, Professor Naveed Sattar from Glasgow in the United Kingdom. Welcome to you both and we feel very honored to be able to discuss this paper today with you, Ken.                                                 Can you just refresh our memories a little bit about the CREDENCE trial? What were its primary results? I understand they had patients with diabetes and chronic kidney disease. Maybe tell us a little bit about how that was defined and then transition to what were the hypotheses in your study that you were going to test? Dr Kenneth Mahaffey:   So, the CREDENCE trial was a trial of an SGLT2 inhibitor, canagliflozin, in patients with diabetes who had chronic kidney disease with albuminuria. And it was the first of any of the SGLT2 inhibitor trials that was done in a dedicated renal population with a primary outcome that was a composite of renal outcomes along with cardiovascular death, and the trial was stopped early by the data safety monitoring board on an interim analysis when they found overwhelming efficacy. And, at the end of the day, the final results showed that canagliflozin compared with placebo showed a 30% reduction in the composite renal outcome as well as important reductions in cardiovascular outcomes without any evidence of increase in amputations.                                                 Now, the study that we're talking about today is a pre-specified, pre-planned subgroup analysis from CREDENCE where we wanted to look at how canagliflozin worked in people or participants who had known cardiovascular or cerebrovascular or peripheral vascular disease and those who did not. And one of the reasons this was an important analysis was that in previous studies of SGLT2 inhibitors, there has not been a consistency in the message about whether the drug worked in both primary and secondary-prevention populations.                                                 And what we found here in this analysis was that in the primary-prevention participants, which actually was 50% of the overall trial recruitment, had very similar reductions in renal outcomes and cardiovascular outcomes compared with those who were a secondary-prevention cohort. So a very different results and a very important result in this patient population. Dr Greg Hundley:             Really interesting. So in terms of the patients that you evaluated in this sub study, were they any different than the whole cohort and, in terms of participants and compliance with the therapy, was there any difference with the placebo versus the study drug that you noticed and can you infer from that any particular groups of patients that may benefit more or be able to take the therapy more? Just more about compliance. Dr Kenneth Mahaffey:   First of all, you asked how the primary and secondary-prevention groups in the study were different and they were, as one would expect. Those participants who did not have prior atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease tended to be younger. They were more often women. They had shorter durations of diabetes and they were less often treated with cardiovascular preventive medications, in terms of staph and antiplatelet therapies. All the patients were on an ACE or an ARB.                                                 In terms of overall compliance with canagliflozin, it was very good. Now, the SGLT2 inhibitors, as a class, have a number of important side effects including genital mycotic infections in both men and women. They do cause some hypovolemia and volume depletion, but we found overall in the CREDENCE trial that fewer participants stopped the study drug prematurely in the canagliflozin arm than in placebo arm. So we feel that we had a very, very good comparison of the two therapies in the overall trial and in the primary and secondary-prevention analyses. Dr Greg Hundley:             And so just general thoughts of how do you think this might impact the results of your study, or treatment, when we see patients with diabetes and chronic kidney disease? Dr Kenneth Mahaffey:   I think there's potentially a big impact moving forward. Now, the SGLT2 inhibitor classes were approved based on the early cardiovascular outcome trials, did not enroll participants with lower EGFRs. So once these data are reviewed by the FDA and if they accept these findings and change the label, then the proportion of patients with diabetes who also have EGFRs down to 30 would be potential candidates for this therapeutic intervention. And it's important to point out that the CREDENCE trial that showed this reduction in renal events in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease, this is the first positive trial in 20 years of an intervention and 20 years ago we had both ACEs and ARBs based on large outcome trials, but we've had nothing since then that could be a therapeutic intervention to improve outcomes in this very important patient population. Dr Greg Hundley:             Thank you so much, Ken. And, Naveed, I would like to just turn to you and ask you a couple things. One, can you put this study on the SGLT2 inhibitors with all the other information that's coming out related to potential benefits, not only in controlling blood sugar, but impacting cardiovascular disease-related events? How does this fit in to all of the other studies that we're learning about in such rapid fashion? Dr Naveed Sattar:            This comes on the back of the three major trials and extends the evidence based so that, yes, I think we now show clear evidence that these drugs work in people with impaired renal function down to a level of 30 which I think is very important, so that will extend the guidelines. Yes, they seem to work in primary prevention. Of course. I think Dr Mahaffey would accept that these are probably high-risk primary prevention individuals because you also have evidence for chronic kidney disease and I suspect a lot would probably have subclinical cardiovascular disease if we went to look for it.                                                 Nevertheless, I think it will extend the guidelines in the sense that physicians are not only going to be potentially using these drugs in people with existing cardiovascular disease but also patients like those in CREDENCE with chronic kidney disease or a very high risk of cardiovascular disease without having had an event. So I think that's also very reassuring as well and exciting. And I think also the benefits of kidney outcomes is, as we said beautifully, that this is a game changer. Over the last few decades we've not really had any major trials to excite the renal community. But now we have. This trial extends the promise that we saw in the three previous trials and takes it a bit further, that these drugs have substantial and meaningful benefits in prevention of important kidney outcomes in our patients with diabetes. It looks like those benefits appear across the spectrum of diabetes. Whether they've existing disease, chronic kidney disease, or even a primary prevention when previous colleagues looked at it in a meta-analysis.                                                 So, I think that's exceptionally exciting and I think, therefore, given the profile of these drugs and as we're improving our safety in the sense we're able to use these drugs better in groups and also advise how to reduce side effects. I think really they're changing the paradigm of how we care for many of our patients with diabetes and I'd be interested to see what Dr Mahaffey thinks about those comments. My sense is this is really exciting. Dr Greg Hundley:             Ken, any thoughts? Dr Kenneth Mahaffey:   I think it was nicely articulated, some of the important observations here. I do agree that the patient population here that has chronic kidney disease but no known atherosclerotic disease and therefore primary prevention, it had higher risk. The event rates in CREDENCE were much higher than event rates in the CANVAS trial where the mean eGFR was much higher and so I agree that these patients may have some subclinical atherosclerotic disease, but they are clearly at higher risk of developing it. Dr Naveed Sattar:            Again, this would be interesting to take Ken's take. But if people have chronic kidney disease, they are, in a sense, revealing themselves to have evidence of end organ damage or be at the level of the kidney but not necessarily the heart. So my sense is there's still people with evidence of disease and it's just that we're seeing it in a different way. I don't know what Ken thinks about that as a kind of interpretation. Dr Kenneth Mahaffey:   Again, I think they're at high risk and we know that people who have kidney disease often are at higher risk of having cardiovascular disease during their lifetime and where we are in the spectrum of those new disease processes. We don't necessarily have the data in CREDENCE to understand that at a very granular level, but I think it's an important area that we need to evaluate sooner and it raises that issue of treatment for primary prevention should occur earlier and what we're seeing now is that when people develop type 2 diabetes and we notice that they have chronic kidney disease with microalbuminuria, that is the time to intervene, intervene soon. We now have a single therapy that's safe and effective and reduces the metabolic derangements with improved glucose control, improved blood pressure control, improved weight. It also has an important impact on the renal outcomes and important impact on cardiovascular outcome. So it's really a trifecta from a single therapy that can be prescribed easily. Dr Naveed Sattar:            I agree. And all those means of treatments were very, very favorable as well across the board, which I think is also important. Dr Greg Hundley:             So, Ken, what are some key clinical aspects related to your study that you feel we need to address? Dr Kenneth Mahaffey:   What we need to think about carefully is we now have a new therapy. These types of patients are actually seen by a whole host of clinicians in our healthcare systems, at least in the United States. They're seen by diabetologists, cardiologists, nephrologists, and primary care. And we need to think of ways that we can educate all four of those groups of clinicians about these important data and provide learning and other mechanisms to integrate these therapies into clinical care. It's a message I've been trying to get out. Dr Greg Hundley:             Well, listeners, what a great discussion between Ken and Naveed on this very important topic, the emergence of SGLT2 inhibitors and the results of these primary and secondary cardiovascular prevention group analyses from CREDENCE.                                                 We want to thank each of you for listening with us this week. Carolyn and I look forward to talking with you next week. Take care now. Dr Carolyn Lam:                This program is copyright American Heart Association 2019.  

Episode 73: Dr. Geoffrey Gurtner Geoffrey Gurtner, MD, is the Johnson & Johnson Distinguished Professor and Vice Chair of Surgery for Innovation within the Department of Surgery and the Division of Plastic Surgery at Stanford Medical Center. In April he visited Madison to give a Grand Rounds Talk on “Entrepreneurship: Getting Real About Bench to Bedside.” He says that clinical experience plays a critical role in the business world.

Scott Kupor is the managing partner at Andreessen Horowitz where he is responsible for all operational aspects of running the firm. He has been with the firm since its inception in 2009 and has overseen its rapid growth, from three employees to 150+ and from $300 million in assets under management to more than $7 billion. Prior to joining Andreessen Horowitz, Scott worked as vice president and general manager of Software-as-a-Service at Hewlett Packard. Scott joined HP in 2007 as part of the Opsware acquisition, where he was senior vice president of Customer Solutions. In this role, he had global responsibility for customer interaction, including professional services, technical pre-sales, and customer support. Scott joined Opsware shortly after the company’s founding and held numerous executive management positions including vice president, financial planning and vice president, corporate development. In these roles, he led the company’s private financing activities as well as its initial public offering in 2001. Scott also started the company’s Asia Pacific operations and led the execution of the company’s multiple acquisitions. Prior to Opsware, Scott represented software companies in both financing and mergers and acquisitions transactions at Credit Suisse First Boston and Lehman Brothers. He graduated Phi Beta Kappa from Stanford University with a bachelor’s degree in public policy with honors and distinction. Scott also holds a law degree with distinction from Stanford University and is a member of the State Bar of California. Scott is chairman of the board of Genesys Works; cofounder and co-director of the Stanford Venture Capital Director’s College; co-founder and co-director of the Stanford Rock Center’s Guide to Venture-Backed Board Membership; Executive in Residence at Haas School of Business and Boalt School of Law; and a Lecturer at Stanford Law School. He is vice-chair of the investment committee of St. Jude’s Children’s Cancer Research Hospital and also serves as a member of the investment committees for Stanford Medical Center, the Silicon Valley Community Foundation, and Lick Wilmerding High School. Scott served as Chairman of the Board of the National Venture Capital Association (2017-2018). He is the author of the forthcoming book (June 2019), published by Portfolio, a division of Penguin, on Secrets of Sand Hill Road: Venture Capital and How to Get It. https://a16z.com https://a16z.com/book/secrets-of-sand-hill-road https://twitter.com/skupor

Joy Stephenson-Laws opens up about her humble beginnings, changing her career path from healtcare to law and how she is impacting the world in the most amazing ways. Kudos to you & your team Joy Stephenson-Laws! You're doing amazing work! Follow: @sacfirm Web: http://phlabs.com https://www.betternutrition.com https://www.sacfirm.com Joy Stephenson-Laws is founding and managing partner of Stephenson, Acquisto & Colman (SAC), the healthcare industry's premier litigation firm. In this role, Ms. Stephenson-Laws leads a diverse team of more than 100 professionals that includes attorneys, doctors, nurses, technology and healthcare provider operations specialists. This interdisciplinary approach to representing clients such as Stanford Medical Center, UCLA Medical Center and UC Irvine Medical Center has resulted in SAC's recovering more than $1 billion for its clients while consistently receiving high marks for client satisfaction for innovations such as SACLINK, a proprietary, interactive, paperless document management system. Ms. Stephenson-Laws, who earned a Bachelor of Arts from Loma Linda University and a Juris Doctor from Loyola University, has spent her entire legal career addressing public benefit issues with a special emphasis on healthcare. Prior to starting her own firm in 1989, which was subsequently joined by Vince Acquisto and George Colman to form SAC, Ms. Stephenson-Laws was a staff attorney at the U.S Department of Health and Human Services. She was also a supervising attorney at Inland Counties Legal Services where she specialized in healthcare litigation. She is a member of the American Bar Association, Consumer Attorneys of Los Angeles, California State Bar Association, U.S. District Court-Central/Eastern and the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals. In addition to her role with SAC, Ms. Stephenson-Laws is committed to enhancing consumer health and positively impacting the healthcare industry, and this goes beyond her work as a healthcare attorney. Both her professional and personal lives have been dedicated to improving healthcare in the United States through consumer education, advocacy for healthcare providers and starting a healthcare-related philanthropy to encourage others to get involved in their communities. As part of this commitment, she co-founded The Bili Project Foundation, a nonprofit organization that drives funding and research for identifying markers of biliary cancers. The foundation's goal is to more effectively diagnose and treat biliary cancers, which are the leading cause of cancer deaths in the United States. She is co-founder and president of MoJo Marketing & Media, a company dedicated to developing ways for individuals and companies to give back to their communities through sports and entertainment. She has also worked to introduce golf to inner city kids in Jamaica and is active in several local area philanthropies. Ms. Stephenson-Laws is an avid golfer, who also enjoys tennis and traveling. Joy Stephenson-Laws is founding and managing partner of Stephenson, Acquisto & Colman (SAC), the healthcare industry's premier litigation firm. In this role, Ms. Stephenson-Laws leads a diverse team of more than 100 professionals that includes attorneys, doctors, nurses, technology and healthcare provider operations specialists. This interdisciplinary approach to representing clients such as Stanford Medical Center, UCLA Medical Center and UC Irvine Medical Center has resulted in SAC's recovering more than $1 billion for its clients while consistently receiving high marks for client satisfaction for innovations such as SACLINK, a proprietary, interactive, paperless document management system. Ms. Stephenson-Laws, who earned a Bachelor of Arts from Loma Linda University and a Juris Doctor from Loyola University, has spent her entire legal career addressing public benefit issues with a special emphasis on healthcare. Prior to starting her own firm in 1989, which was subsequently joined by Vince Acquisto and George Colman to form SAC, Ms. Stephenson-Laws was a staff attorney at the U.S Department of Health and Human Services. She was also a supervising attorney at Inland Counties Legal Services where she specialized in healthcare litigation. She is a member of the American Bar Association, Consumer Attorneys of Los Angeles, California State Bar Association, U.S. District Court-Central/Eastern and the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals. In addition to her role with SAC, Ms. Stephenson-Laws is committed to enhancing consumer health and positively impacting the healthcare industry, and this goes beyond her work as a healthcare attorney. Both her professional and personal lives have been dedicated to improving healthcare in the United States through consumer education, advocacy for healthcare providers and starting a healthcare-related philanthropy to encourage others to get involved in their communities. As part of this commitment, she co-founded The Bili Project Foundation, a nonprofit organization that drives funding and research for identifying markers of biliary cancers. The foundation's goal is to more effectively diagnose and treat biliary cancers, which are the leading cause of cancer deaths in the United States. She is co-founder and president of MoJo Marketing & Media, a company dedicated to developing ways for individuals and companies to give back to their communities through sports and entertainment. She has also worked to introduce golf to inner city kids in Jamaica and is active in several local area philanthropies. Ms. Stephenson-Laws is an avid golfer, who also enjoys tennis and traveling. About the show: ►Website: http://www.ashsaidit.com ► Visit http://www.pinnertest.com and use Promo Code: ashsaidit ►Become A Podcast Legend: http://ashsaidit.podcastersmastery.zaxaa.com/s/6543767021305 ►Review Us: https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/ash-said-it/id1144197789 ►SUBSCRIBE HERE: http://www.youtube.com/c/AshSaidItSuwanee ►Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/1loveash ►Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/ashsaidit ►Twitter: https://twitter.com/1loveAsh ►Google Plus: https://plus.google.com/u/0/+AshSaidItMedia ►Blog: http://www.ashsaidit.com/blog ►Pinterest: https://www.pinterest.com/1LoveAsh/ ►Newsletter: http://ashsaidit.us11.list-manage1.com/subscribe?u=2a2ca3b799467f125b53863c8&id=a6f43cd472 ►Casper Commercial Music Courtesy of http://www.BenSound.com #ashsaidit #ashsaidthat #ashblogsit #ashsaidit® Ash Brown is a gifted American producer, blogger, speaker, media personality and event emcee. The blog on AshSaidit.com showcases exclusive event invites, product reviews and so much more. Her motivational podcast "Ash Said It Daily" is available on major media platforms such as iTunes, iHeart Radio & Google Play. This program has over half a million streams worldwide. She uses these mediums to motivate & encourage her audience in the most powerful way. She keeps it real!

Joy Stephenson-Laws opens up about her humble beginnings, changing her career path from healtcare to law and how she is impacting the world in the most amazing ways. Kudos to you & your team Joy Stephenson-Laws! You're doing amazing work! Follow: @sacfirm Web: http://phlabs.com https://www.betternutrition.com https://www.sacfirm.com Joy Stephenson-Laws is founding and managing partner of Stephenson, Acquisto & Colman (SAC), the healthcare industry's premier litigation firm. In this role, Ms. Stephenson-Laws leads a diverse team of more than 100 professionals that includes attorneys, doctors, nurses, technology and healthcare provider operations specialists. This interdisciplinary approach to representing clients such as Stanford Medical Center, UCLA Medical Center and UC Irvine Medical Center has resulted in SAC's recovering more than $1 billion for its clients while consistently receiving high marks for client satisfaction for innovations such as SACLINK, a proprietary, interactive, paperless document management system. Ms. Stephenson-Laws, who earned a Bachelor of Arts from Loma Linda University and a Juris Doctor from Loyola University, has spent her entire legal career addressing public benefit issues with a special emphasis on healthcare. Prior to starting her own firm in 1989, which was subsequently joined by Vince Acquisto and George Colman to form SAC, Ms. Stephenson-Laws was a staff attorney at the U.S Department of Health and Human Services. She was also a supervising attorney at Inland Counties Legal Services where she specialized in healthcare litigation. She is a member of the American Bar Association, Consumer Attorneys of Los Angeles, California State Bar Association, U.S. District Court-Central/Eastern and the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals. In addition to her role with SAC, Ms. Stephenson-Laws is committed to enhancing consumer health and positively impacting the healthcare industry, and this goes beyond her work as a healthcare attorney. Both her professional and personal lives have been dedicated to improving healthcare in the United States through consumer education, advocacy for healthcare providers and starting a healthcare-related philanthropy to encourage others to get involved in their communities. As part of this commitment, she co-founded The Bili Project Foundation, a nonprofit organization that drives funding and research for identifying markers of biliary cancers. The foundation's goal is to more effectively diagnose and treat biliary cancers, which are the leading cause of cancer deaths in the United States. She is co-founder and president of MoJo Marketing & Media, a company dedicated to developing ways for individuals and companies to give back to their communities through sports and entertainment. She has also worked to introduce golf to inner city kids in Jamaica and is active in several local area philanthropies. Ms. Stephenson-Laws is an avid golfer, who also enjoys tennis and traveling. Joy Stephenson-Laws is founding and managing partner of Stephenson, Acquisto & Colman (SAC), the healthcare industry's premier litigation firm. In this role, Ms. Stephenson-Laws leads a diverse team of more than 100 professionals that includes attorneys, doctors, nurses, technology and healthcare provider operations specialists. This interdisciplinary approach to representing clients such as Stanford Medical Center, UCLA Medical Center and UC Irvine Medical Center has resulted in SAC's recovering more than $1 billion for its clients while consistently receiving high marks for client satisfaction for innovations such as SACLINK, a proprietary, interactive, paperless document management system. Ms. Stephenson-Laws, who earned a Bachelor of Arts from Loma Linda University and a Juris Doctor from Loyola University, has spent her entire legal career addressing public benefit issues with a special emphasis on healthcare. Prior to starting her own firm in 1989, which was subsequently joined by Vince Acquisto and George Colman to form SAC, Ms. Stephenson-Laws was a staff attorney at the U.S Department of Health and Human Services. She was also a supervising attorney at Inland Counties Legal Services where she specialized in healthcare litigation. She is a member of the American Bar Association, Consumer Attorneys of Los Angeles, California State Bar Association, U.S. District Court-Central/Eastern and the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals. In addition to her role with SAC, Ms. Stephenson-Laws is committed to enhancing consumer health and positively impacting the healthcare industry, and this goes beyond her work as a healthcare attorney. Both her professional and personal lives have been dedicated to improving healthcare in the United States through consumer education, advocacy for healthcare providers and starting a healthcare-related philanthropy to encourage others to get involved in their communities. As part of this commitment, she co-founded The Bili Project Foundation, a nonprofit organization that drives funding and research for identifying markers of biliary cancers. The foundation's goal is to more effectively diagnose and treat biliary cancers, which are the leading cause of cancer deaths in the United States. She is co-founder and president of MoJo Marketing & Media, a company dedicated to developing ways for individuals and companies to give back to their communities through sports and entertainment. She has also worked to introduce golf to inner city kids in Jamaica and is active in several local area philanthropies. Ms. Stephenson-Laws is an avid golfer, who also enjoys tennis and traveling. About the show: ►Website: http://www.ashsaidit.com ► Visit http://www.pinnertest.com and use Promo Code: ashsaidit ►Become A Podcast Legend: http://ashsaidit.podcastersmastery.zaxaa.com/s/6543767021305 ►Review Us: https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/ash-said-it/id1144197789 ►SUBSCRIBE HERE: http://www.youtube.com/c/AshSaidItSuwanee ►Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/1loveash ►Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/ashsaidit ►Twitter: https://twitter.com/1loveAsh ►Google Plus: https://plus.google.com/u/0/+AshSaidItMedia ►Blog: http://www.ashsaidit.com/blog ►Pinterest: https://www.pinterest.com/1LoveAsh/ ►Newsletter: http://ashsaidit.us11.list-manage1.com/subscribe?u=2a2ca3b799467f125b53863c8&id=a6f43cd472 ►Casper Commercial Music Courtesy of http://www.BenSound.com #ashsaidit #ashsaidthat #ashblogsit #ashsaidit® Ash Brown is a gifted American producer, blogger, speaker, media personality and event emcee. The blog on AshSaidit.com showcases exclusive event invites, product reviews and so much more. Her motivational podcast "Ash Said It Daily" is available on major media platforms such as iTunes, iHeart Radio & Google Play. This program has over half a million streams worldwide. She uses these mediums to motivate & encourage her audience in the most powerful way. She keeps it real!

Dr. Mark Welton, Chief of Colorectal Surgery at Stanford Medical Center shares his experiences after a severely traumatic accident and how it changed himself as a surgeon, leader and family man. This is a must listen.

Michael Roster was Managing Partner of Morrison & Foerster’s Los Angeles office as well as co-chair of the firm’s Financial Services Practice Group worldwide, resident in both Los Angeles and Washington, D.C. He subsequently served as General Counsel of Stanford University and Stanford Medical Center and then of Golden West Financial Corporation.Mike has been a director and chair of the Association of Corporate Counsel, an outside director and vice chair of Silicon Valley Bank, chair of the Stanford Alumni Association, and chair of two start-up companies: Insert Therapeutics and Encirq. He also is a former director of the California Bankers Association and the Federal Home Loan Bank of San Francisco. Mike is currently the steering committee co-chair of the Association of Corporate Counsel’s Value Challenge, a project that is promoting fundamental reforms in how law firms and in-house counsel serve clients. He also is a director of MDRC, a nonprofit corporation based in New York that that evaluates the effectiveness of government and other programs affecting lower income families and individuals, and he chaired several years ago a project funded by two foundations that developed a private sector approach to eliminate abuses in consumer credit cards in the U.S. The past five years, Mike also has been teaching an upper division contracts course at the University of Southern California Gould School of Law where the goal is for students to be at a second-year attorney level or higher in contracts by the end of the course. He also served on two faculty task forces looking at reforms in the law school’s curriculum.

Bruce Cryer has spent the past thirty years researching and teaching innovative approaches to maximizing health and organizational performance. He was named President and CEO of HeartMath LLC in 2000, having helped launch the non-profit Institute of HeartMath with founder Doc Childre in 1991. Mr. Cryer was the key architect of programs that incorporate HeartMath's innovative biomedical research into practical tools and strategies to enhance health, performance, creativity, innovation, and productivity for both the individual and the organization. He has successfully guided HeartMath programs at organizations such as Mayo Clinic, Duke University Health System, Stanford Medical Center, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center to just name a few. In 2007, Mr. Cryer was named one of the Top 50 Thought Leaders in Personal Excellence by Leadership Excellence magazine. Mr. Cryer is co-author, with Doc Childre, of the book From Chaos to Coherence: The Power to Change Performance.

Amy Herr's research focuses on bioinstrumentation innovation to improve quantitative measurements in life sciences and translating that work to provide better clinical diagnostics. Amy is Professor of Bioengineering at UC Berkeley.TranscriptSpeaker 1: Spectrum's next. Speaker 2: Mm MM. Speaker 3: Yeah. Speaker 1: Welcome to spectrum the science and technology show on k a l x [00:00:30] Berkeley, a biweekly 30 minute program bringing you interviews featuring bay area scientists and technologists as well as a calendar of local events and news. Speaker 4: Good afternoon. My name is Renee Rao and I'll be hosting today's show. Our guest this week is Amy, her associate professor of bioengineering at UC Berkeley. Amy is a teacher and a researcher. Her research focuses on bioinstrumentation innovation to improve quantitative measurements in life sciences [00:01:00] and how to translate that work to provide better clinical diagnoses. She is a pioneer in the new field of proteomics. Brad swift and I interview Amy, her. Speaker 5: Amy, her. Thanks very much for coming on spectrum and welcome. Thank you. I'm very happy to be here. How did you become interested in bioengineering? So I am actually a trained mechanical engineer and I think what really peaked my interest in bioengineering was during graduate study in mechanical engineering. I realized that a lot of [00:01:30] the measurement and instrument challenges that exist that face engineering today really are in the life sciences. So this messy area where things are not necessarily tractable or well-described protein measurement is an area that I've been interested in for some time and I've been working on. And it's especially challenging from the perspective of designing instrument technology, measurement technology. What are protein biomarkers and what makes them elusive? Yeah. So protein biomarkers really is just sort of a catch [00:02:00] all phrase for indicators of disease state, um, indicators of living, organisms, response to treatment, just sort of indicators of what's going on in the organism at a particular time. Speaker 5: So there's many different types of biomarkers. You may have heard quite a bit about this genomics revolution and our use and understanding of information that's coming from nucleic acids. And what we're really looking for in Dow is building on what we've learned from our understanding of nucleic acids. How can we try [00:02:30] to understand proteins, which are the effectors of function, if you will, in living organisms and really try to use that information from proteins to understand all of these questions surrounding disease. So who has a disease, who might respond to specific treatments, who might not respond to specific treatments? How you are responding to specific treatments and in our mind it's released the next phase of what genomics has laid the groundwork for an area that we call proteomics. Can you give us a quick run through [00:03:00] of how molecular diagnosis works now and what new things you are trying to detect and what new information we can get from those? Speaker 5: I guess it has been striking to me as an instrument designer, innovator developer. If you take a look at our understanding of the role of proteins in disease right now, there's a treasure trove I would say, of information that's come out of basic discovery. So trying to understand what proteins are upregulated or downregulated or modified in [00:03:30] response to disease or treatment of disease. Right. So I would say there's definitely more effort that needs to be done in discovery, but we've done a lot of great work in discovery. A huge challenge and unmet need to use the engineering design terminology that exists right now is we have these potential indicators of disease or response to disease or prognosis, but very, very few of them have made it into a clinical setting into a diagnostic. Right now there are less than a hundred [00:04:00] different biomarkers that are being used for diagnostics. Speaker 5: That includes nucleic acids of DNA, RNA and proteins as well, just metabolites as well, right? So very, very few of the known existing bio molecules are being used in any way as a diagnostic measurement. And so there's really a huge gap right now between all of these promising markers that have been identified and those that are currently being used to make a diagnosis. So one of the things that we're [00:04:30] trying to do is to just build a basic framework for measurements that will allow people to make many, many, many measurements of a particular biomarker of potential interest so that you can look at many, many different patients' samples, many, many different disease states. We won't be really data limited. So the technologies that we use right now for a lot of these protein biomarkers to see whether or not the promising ones actually answer a clinical question, they're really rate limiting. Speaker 5: [00:05:00] They're really slow or they require a lot of material and in some cases this biospecimens these materials from patients are precious, hugely limited, right there, sparingly available. So we're just trying to think about ways that we can use these microfluidic architectures that require just tiny amounts of sample to run one measurement. How we can use those to scale up to make thousands of measurements. We're right now tens of measurements can be difficult and to make those measurements on, you know, a [00:05:30] microliter of sample from a patient as opposed to tens to hundreds of microliters. So that for us, this so-called biomarker validation question getting from yet this might work too. Okay, here are the clinical questions this marker can or cannot answer as the gap that we're trying to fill. Are you building these instruments? A major focus of my research group is looking at innovating new instrumentation, new technologies. Speaker 5: So by understanding the underlying physical principles [00:06:00] of the types of transport that we use. So electrophoresis and diffusion and by understanding unmet clinical or life sciences needs. So questions or challenges that currently exist out in life sciences laboratories or in clinical laboratories. We're basically trying to bring those two aspects together to develop new tools. All of the new tools that we develop are developed really to meet an unmet need either in the clinical setting or the life sciences setting and they're built with an understanding these underlying principles, but they all [00:06:30] have to be validated. So when we make a measurement with a new tool, we have to have some confidence in how well our measurement reflects our current understanding of the systems. And we typically do that by using conventional gold standard measurement technologies where appropriate. I think recently we've just come into this really interesting and exciting gray zone where we can make measurements that there really are no existing tools to be able to validate whether our measurement makes sense or not. And so we've had to put some effort and careful thought [00:07:00] into how do we validate our measurements using maybe indirect approaches so that we can say with some confidence the limits and the benefits of the tools that we're introducing. Speaker 4: You said earlier that a lot of your research comes from trying to meet the unmet needs of both the life sciences and the technological aspects. How do you go about picking which needs to meet? Do you find ones that you think, okay, well this is doable, or do you find ones that you think, maybe no one else can do this? I'm going to work on it? Speaker 5: Right. [00:07:30] That's a great question. So as an engineer, as an engineering designer, one of the first things that we do is really try to understand the world around us and try to understand how people approach existing problems, how they define those problems, why they approach them in a particular way. But I think this is one of the most exciting aspects of the work that we do. It's certainly true that if you get this first stage, this identification and understanding of unmet needs wrong, you're going to go down the wrong path, but if you get it right, you can make a huge difference in terms [00:08:00] of how people are approaching either science or medicine and our work is really translational in that way. So we're engineers and we're passionate about making excellent measurements and as you say, measurements that are currently not possible are the measurements that we're really looking to impact. Speaker 5: Measurements that are currently possible but needs significant improvement. We do focus on those as well, but when you can find a measurement that when you're talking to a biologist and explaining kind of what you can do and they look at you and say, oh my gosh, there's no [00:08:30] way I could do that right now, then you know you've hit upon something that's really important to at least consider further to fill a gap and unmet need that's out there at the present time. In many ways, I think it reminds many of us of why we chose to be engineers in the first place. I mean, certainly I can speak for myself and say I'm really excited about being able to make measurements that no one else can make. And understanding how those measurements, how good they are, how much more improvement they need, and maybe trying to understand the physics and think about [00:09:00] is something possible that we've discounted to date. But I think in many ways connecting with the end user also adds another layer of excitement and passion and motivation because you can really see how your work in the lab can make a difference in the world around us. Speaker 6: Aw. [inaudible] you're listening to spectrum k A. L. Alex Berkeley. Our guest today is Amy her in the next segment, [00:09:30] Amy talks about her lab at UC Berkeley. [inaudible] Speaker 5: how long has your lab been up and running? So my lab has been a, at Berkeley six years before I came to UC Berkeley. So I did my doctoral research at Stanford in mechanical engineering and then I loved a research and I wanted to continue doing research and so I worked for five years at a national lab and then coming to UC Berkeley was a big change in many ways, but I think [00:10:00] I'm working with an excellent team of, in many cases, junior colleagues here now, training them, postdocs and students just being invigorated every year with the fresh approaches that students, the frust questions that students ask about why are we doing some things in the way that we're doing them, or why is our understanding limited in this way as a faculty member? Just a huge source of inspiration and motivation over the six years. Has Your approach within the lab changed much? Speaker 5: Our lab has certainly changed. Yeah, [00:10:30] and I think as an individual, you as a researcher over the course of six years, certainly I will have also changed. You learn as you go and you learn on a technical level for sure. Absolutely. I would also say I've learned a lot from my groom to the students and the postdocs and the way that they approach problems. It's been just a fantastic honor to be able to work in bioengineering here at UC Berkeley with an amazing group of people who all come with different perspectives. And I've really pushed the research directions [00:11:00] in my group in ways that I couldn't have imagined six years ago. And they also come from very different disciplines as well, don't they? And has that mix changed for you over the six years? Yeah, that is absolutely true. So bioengineering, when I was in graduate school, which I'd like to think was in a long time ago, but it was, I finished almost a decade ago now. Speaker 5: It didn't even really exist. Right. It was just kind of starting and the graduate level widely at universities around the u s and globally as well. So most of the faculty, if you look at bio engineering, our formal training is [00:11:30] not in bio engineering. We're too old for that, I guess. And so the students who currently come to do doctoral study at UC Berkeley and with our partner institution, University of California, San Francisco, they all come with different backgrounds. More and more of them are coming with a biomedical or bio engineering undergraduate degree. But we certainly, you know, in my group alone have had students who have come from uh, aeronautics, chemical engineering, electrical engineering, chemistry, just a wide range of backgrounds. As someone who essentially [00:12:00] witnessed the genesis of an entire field of engineering and especially one that is so connected to the world. Can you tell us what that was like and how that's affected you? Speaker 5: Yeah. Seeing bioengineering starts really and become just the huge discipline in the really impactful area of research and study that it is today has been really inspiring. It's also does raise a lot of questions, questions about what is the appropriate curriculum for undergraduates who are studying. Bioengineering is something that [00:12:30] the faculty in my department, we talk about all the time. We try to refine our approach to this really, really important basic study that students undertake in their undergraduate years. Right? So there's that aspect of it wanting to make sure that we help them prepare themselves to be the best engineers possible when they leave UC Berkeley on the other hand, just seeing the huge advances that engineering is making in medicine and the way that it's changing the lives of people and has been for some time [00:13:00] for the better is really inspiring. I will say I often notice that students that I come into contact with here, they're really driven to make a positive impact in the world around them. Speaker 5: And I think that is really at the core of what engineers want to do. We want to understand, but we also want to make something, we want to make a positive impact with what we're doing and maybe I think in a very practical sense that's what an engineer is. I wanted to ask you a little [00:13:30] bit about what you've referred to the engineering mindset and I think it's a really interesting perspectives to want to maybe put us in that mind frame. Yeah, I think the engineering approaches to really just question question what you're observing, question what people are telling you. And so the engineering mindset I think is to be skeptical and to be observant, to not listen to necessarily what people tell you, but to use your own eyes and to discuss with peers or mentors [00:14:00] to try to understand and make sense of all of the different perspectives you're going to get when you're trying to understand the problem. Speaker 5: And so as engineers, we're always challenged with getting into kind of one way of thinking and that can push you down a path that could be productive. But if you really step outside and try to integrate a really holistic view of the world or the problem you're trying to understand, you might happen upon new approaches that users would never have dreamed of. Right? So there's that aspect. I think the engineering mindset is also to be objective. And in [00:14:30] our case in bio engineering, trying to be as quantitative as possible and to understand the limits and the advantages of being quantitative. And then certainly in bioengineering, there is a huge aspect of our mindset, which is to translate our solutions out into the world around us so that we can have a positive impact on society and the world more broadly. Spectrum is a public affairs show on k l x Berkeley. [00:15:00] Our guest today is [inaudible] Speaker 6: Amy her in the next segment, Amy offers advice to students interested in bio engineering. Speaker 5: Can you explain how you're using mathematics to reveal biological systems and create new medical applications? Yeah. One of the big things that we've seen lacking in instruments to make protein level measurements is any sort of quantitation, so a lot of the technologies [00:15:30] are just qualitative. You can see the presence of a particular protein of interest or okay, maybe it's higher presence in one sample versus another, but inherently in the way a lot of the conventional approaches, the conventional assays are run, there's very little confidence in being able to pull out exactly how many micrograms and material are present in a sample two it's hard to do comparisons between different samples except in a very qualitative way. What we're working on are technologies that are quantitative. [00:16:00] So that can allow you to pull out absolute mass level or concentration level information about how much protein is present in a particular sample. Speaker 5: And the hope there is that by doing that we can allow ourselves to create large databases of quantitative information about how much protein or particular form of protein is present under specific conditions. So you can imagine if you were doing a study, for example, on a particular biomarker [00:16:30] of interest, so prostate specific antigen, let's take, right. So if you knew that a particular isoform of this protein was present in certain cases, you could actually quantify how much is there. Enter that information in a database and a researcher say in Norway, who's also making similar measurements, but maybe on a different patient cohort could also upload their information. You can compare head to head. So these data sets could get bigger and bigger and bigger. And then potentially looking at questions of cell signaling [00:17:00] and in proteins that carry that signaling information. Perhaps integrating those quantitative levels of these particular proteins back into bioinformatics models that have been developed would lend insight into the exact response of a protein signaling pathway to a particular stimulation and give those bioinformatics models some actual numbers to work with as opposed to just relationships between specific proteins and are you building some of those models? Speaker 5: So a lot of what we do is collaboration with [00:17:30] specialists in protein signaling pathway models. So my lab is into bioinformatics lab, so we don't do a lot of that ourselves. But through our collaborations with the bioinformatics community, we know that quantitative levels of proteins at particular times is really important to these dynamic models. And so that's a major focus of our work as well. Speaker 4: It's interesting that you bring their PSA test up because I think that's been getting a lot of attention lately. I'd say look at more data. They're realizing it's not quite the silver bullet that people thought it was. [00:18:00] Are there any other examples like that that waste have completely overturned people's ideas of what we were seeing once we look at this large scale data? Yeah, Speaker 5: in particular a very striking example that you bring up the test for free versus total prostate specific antigen in blood. Right. And that's been used for many years as an indicator of prostate cancer. I think there are just three beautiful studies that have come out in the last year, one from UCF that have really pointed to the fact [00:18:30] that actually some of these PSA tests are really good at finding prostate cancer. They're just really bad at telling us if it's an aggressive or a slow moving prostate cancer. Right? So the prognostic information, how the patient is going to fare in the long run is just not there. So we're finding the prostate cancer, but we're not able to determine whether we should just watch full weights and see what happens or if we should actually embark upon some treatment. That's been a big interest of our group is looking [00:19:00] at specific diagnostic questions. Speaker 5: Who in the case of prostate cancer, can we improve prognostic information and trying to look at specific forms of the protein. So in this case, working with the researcher at Stanford Medical Center looking at different glyco forms of prostate specific antigen that may be more indicative of longterm outcomes for the patient. That in particular is a really interesting one for me because we started working with this researcher maybe six years ago before these big studies came out that showed the prognostic usefulness of the PSA [00:19:30] test was not so good and I definitely remember us submitting several proposals to funding agencies and basically getting the comments back that will we have an indicator for prostate cancer right now, we don't need another one. And so just even over the short time that we've been working on it, seeing that just turned on its head because of this ability to integrate all of this patient level information across countries and across different sites to try to understand how good is this test really have led us to realize it's not, as you [00:20:00] said, the silver bullet that we once hoped or thought that it was. I think that's a really good example. I think in some of those same studies, mammograms have also come out yet, right, is not necessarily answering the diagnostic questions that they hoped that that diagnostic would answer. What advice would you give to a young person thinking about bioengineering, about preparing for work in a multi disciplinary lab? Speaker 5: I think major advice that I would give to a young [00:20:30] person who's thinking about working in an interdisciplinary lab like those that you'll find in bioengineering, but also across the campus for sure. I know this interdisciplinary focus is something that permeates engineering right now and I think rightly so on many levels. Many of the problems that we're trying to solver so big are complex. That having these different inputs is just critical. I honestly think that is part of our community. We've not done a great job of communicating to either new engineers or people who are thinking about going into engineering and just this idea that [00:21:00] I can work on these really big challenges with teams of amazing people trying to have a positive impact through my work. I can get paid to do that. I can travel the world to do that. I can work on many different types of problems over the lifetime of my career. Speaker 5: Just an amazing career path really for anyone to consider. It's certainly very exciting and it certainly challenges you and it allows you to operate in these spheres that you would never imagine you could. So either with [00:21:30] different teams of people or just on problems that you maybe never even imagined you would come across. I think some of the advice I would give a undergraduate here at UC Berkeley, I would definitely urge them to seek out opportunities, clearly urge them to seek out mentors, so people who are maybe several years older than them, so people who are role models, who they might want to be like when they quote grow up. Right? We all have those people that we look for no matter how old we are. Look also for people around you who are maybe just a couple years [00:22:00] older than you, who have gone through a programmer or embarked upon research in a particular field and pick their brain about what worked for them and what didn't. Speaker 5: If they went back in time, what would they do differently or what are they so glad that they did? I think just finding these resources and making use of them and then paying it forward when your time comes and you have the experience to share insight with other people and advice is advice. You don't have to take it. But I do think it's certainly in my own career really helped me to listen to it and then weigh it for myself. [00:22:30] I think in an interdisciplinary field like bioengineering focusing on getting the rigorous fundamental understanding of engineering and the particular area that you're interested in is really key. Certainly advisees, I urge them to consider either a minor or some sort of emphasis material science, mechanical or electrical engineering cause it might help them out a little bit. But just making use of the resources that are around you and finding those resources is something I would urge students to do. I'd love to [00:23:00] know your favorite protein. Oh my favorite protein. I think actually right now it would be prostate specific antigen. Yes. Because there is so much controversy around it for sure. Yeah. So it was a good question. Sure. Amy, her. Thanks very much for coming on spectrum. Great. It was a pleasure. Thank you so much. Speaker 6: [inaudible] [inaudible] [inaudible] [00:23:30] [inaudible] Speaker 5: on the webcast of spectrum, we've chosen to include a new section of Amy's interview suitable. The more technologically inclined among us, she would discuss her exciting work inventing novel means of biological measurement. One other term I wanted to have you weigh in on is the term scale dependent physics and chemistry, and how is that important to your work? So [00:24:00] we are a bioengineering lab. We're an instrument innovation and development lab. So what we look at, or are there new ways to make protein level measurements that can inform our understanding or our approaches to disease? Right. And that's through this portal of proteins is indicators of disease. It's really interesting as you look at some of the basic fluid and material transport phenomenos. So things like diffusion or things like, in our case, we're interested in electro migration, so charged analytes. If you apply an electric field, [00:24:30] they're going to migrate, right? Speaker 5: They're going to go towards the cathode or the anode depending on their charge. These sorts of physical transport phenomena can really benefit from shrinking link scales. So in our case, we're interested in using tiny channels, so channels that hold fluids, liquids in particular channels that have a dimension about the size of a human hair. So they're very small. As you scale down channels to that size, you start to get some really beneficial properties that come out about the fluids. And then in particular, the use of [00:25:00] the electric fields benefits from those tiny channels because the channels have a very high surface area to volume ratio. So as you shrink a channel down, you get more and more surface area for a tiny volume. And that essentially means that if we apply a field, an electric field along a fluid that's in that channel, we can apply a very, very high fields and those high fields are going to make the fluid start heating something that's called jewel heating. Speaker 5: So in the electric circuits you have in your computer, for example, if you apply a field, you're moving electrons, not liquids, [00:25:30] but you're still getting this jewel heating because of the motion of those particles. As we have these really high surface areas, we can dissipate heat really effectively. So we can apply high, higher and higher fields than you could even say a millimeter diameter channel. Now we have channels that are microns in diameter, so orders of magnitude smaller and they cool very effectively. So that allows us to access a transport spaces that aren't accessible kind of in the macro scale. Speaker 5: So my [00:26:00] lab is really focused on taking fabrication approaches that have been developed for the semiconductor industry. So moving electrons around in tiny channels, if you will, and applying that with those sorts of approaches to now, not moving electrons but moving fluids, right liquids around. Um, and the reason we do that is because as we scaled the channels down, the channels that hold the liquids, we get beneficial properties. So heat dissipation is one of those beneficial phenomena. It really starts to [00:26:30] become more and more efficient as we scaled it. The dimensions, the cross section of the channel down. So in our case we like to use these tiny structures, these tiny fluid channels. Again, diameter of about if human here in cross section because it allows us to operate under really, really harsh conditions if you will. So at very, very high field strengths. In addition to that, another beneficial aspect of scaling down is much of the transport that happens inside these tiny channels really ends up relying on diffusion [00:27:00] as being the major mechanism of transport and diffusion a is very efficient over short distances, over long distances. Speaker 5: The scaling is not necessarily favorable and it might take you a long time for a molecule to diffuse a long distance, but as we use these techniques, these fabrication techniques to develop micro and Nano fluidic channels, those distances in those channels are tiny. So microns or nanometers and that means diffusion all the sudden becomes a very effective transport mechanism. [00:27:30] So we use these effective transport scalings these beneficial scalings to allow us to do things like mixing. So we can bring two analytes or two reagents in contact with each other and just rely on diffusion to get them to mix. Whereas in the macro scale we would want to stir or agitate the fluid in some way so we can use passive approaches and rely on diffusion to get effective mixing. Whereas on the macro scale we would have to have some sort of active stirring in order to get those, those species [00:28:00] to come together and react. Speaker 5: So are these techniques being applied to both your understanding of biological systems and in your applications that you're trying to build? It's a great question. So I think primarily a lot of the physical phenomena that we're using are really trying to drive towards efficient assays, efficient measurement technologies for specific applications. So for example, we might be looking at a particular protein mediated signaling pathway [00:28:30] and we might be really interested in different isoforms or different versions of proteins, the same protein, but maybe it has some sort of phosphorylation modification on it. Um, and by using these really efficient separation mechanisms like electrophoresis on the micro scale, it's electro migration properties, we can actually start to resolve species or separate them when if we were to use a less efficient architecture, we might not be able to separate them basically and tell them apart. So it allows us to in some ways [00:29:00] access information that sometimes is not accessible using conventional methodologies, conventional assays. Speaker 5: Um, but it also lets us get at looking at reactions for example, on timescales that you just can't do using macro scale techniques. So being able to look at very fine time points because we have really precise control of fluids using these micro architectures, these microfluidic channels. So there's kind of two answers. One, we want to look at specific proteins as related to clinical [00:29:30] questions. So those applications and in many cases we can do that more efficiently. But on the flip side, the fundamental understanding of biology, we might want to look at timescales that we can't measure box systems as well. Have you discovered anything really new and exciting with this novel level of precision? We have started to move into an area that's a little bit unknown and recently some of the work that's being generated in my lab and we're excited to be preparing now for communication to the broader technical [00:30:00] community is being able to look at protein signaling pathways on a single cell level. Speaker 5: So flow cytometry is one example of technology that exists that allows you to look at literally millions of individual cells and you've basically stained those cells with antibodies to a particular protein. So the cell is going to glow a particular color because the antibody has a floor for conjugated to it. The cell is going to glow as particular color of the antibody binds to an analyte of interest of a protein of interest in that cell. But the [00:30:30] problem is with flow cytometry, if you're looking for proteins that we don't have antibodies that are specific to them. So some of these isoforms for example, there's not an antibody that's just specific to a particular isoform. It's very difficult to to make a flow cytometry measurement or there's other cases, for example, with stem cell research or circulating tumor cells. We have so few starting cells that if you use flow cytometry, you're basically going to lose all of the material before you can make the measurement. Speaker 5: [00:31:00] So using these microfluidic architectures, we can um, do separations of single cells and be able to look at isoforms of particular proteins even if we don't have antibodies specific to one of the isoforms. If we have an antibody that's specific to all of the isoforms but we can resolve them from each other before we use an antibody to probe for them. Or if we have such a tiny starting population of cells like circulating tumor cells, we're going to be able to make measurements of the protein signaling pathways on those, you know, 10 or a hundred cells [00:31:30] that are of interest that we just can't do using conventional technologies. I should say. One of the major methods that my group has been working on over the last couple of years is this idea of western blotting. And this is a really powerhouse work horse analytical technique that's used in clinical and research labs all over the world. Speaker 5: Basically it's an assay that allows you to separate the protein contents of a particular sample, so to resolve species proteins by differences in molecular weight, for example, and [00:32:00] then it allows you to come in with an antibody that's specific to a target of interest and see at a particular molecular weight. Does this antibody recognize that protein? If so, most likely that is the protein that I'm looking for, that's my target or the candidate that I'm looking for. And so we've pushed in several different lines of inquiry, new ways to make this specific measurement. It's two measurements, molecular weight and this binding to an antibody or an immune regent of interest. We've really benefited from materials design, so developing [00:32:30] materials that we can change basically from molecular sieving matrices that are useful for the separation stage. Two materials that actually immobilize the of interest upon exposure to light and after we immobilize the proteins, we can come in with the antibody and probe to see if that particular band at that specific molecular weight is the target of interest. This is, I think, been really informative from the perspective of allowing us to design these systems to operate, say, at the single cell level [00:33:00] or to operate on clinical samples that are difficult to analyze using conventional technologies. Speaker 2: Mm MM. Speaker 3: Okay. Speaker 1: The music heard during this show was written in, produced by Alex Simon. Thank you for listening to spectrum. If you have comments about the show, please send them to [00:33:30] us via email. Our email address is spectrum dot k a l x hit yahoo.com join us into Speaker 7: [inaudible]Speaker 3: [00:34:00] probably. See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

Amy Herr's research focuses on bioinstrumentation innovation to improve quantitative measurements in life sciences and translating that work to provide better clinical diagnostics. Amy is Professor of Bioengineering at UC Berkeley.TranscriptSpeaker 1: Spectrum's next. Speaker 2: Mm MM. Speaker 3: Yeah. Speaker 1: Welcome to spectrum the science and technology show on k a l x [00:00:30] Berkeley, a biweekly 30 minute program bringing you interviews featuring bay area scientists and technologists as well as a calendar of local events and news. Speaker 4: Good afternoon. My name is Renee Rao and I'll be hosting today's show. Our guest this week is Amy, her associate professor of bioengineering at UC Berkeley. Amy is a teacher and a researcher. Her research focuses on bioinstrumentation innovation to improve quantitative measurements in life sciences [00:01:00] and how to translate that work to provide better clinical diagnoses. She is a pioneer in the new field of proteomics. Brad swift and I interview Amy, her. Speaker 5: Amy, her. Thanks very much for coming on spectrum and welcome. Thank you. I'm very happy to be here. How did you become interested in bioengineering? So I am actually a trained mechanical engineer and I think what really peaked my interest in bioengineering was during graduate study in mechanical engineering. I realized that a lot of [00:01:30] the measurement and instrument challenges that exist that face engineering today really are in the life sciences. So this messy area where things are not necessarily tractable or well-described protein measurement is an area that I've been interested in for some time and I've been working on. And it's especially challenging from the perspective of designing instrument technology, measurement technology. What are protein biomarkers and what makes them elusive? Yeah. So protein biomarkers really is just sort of a catch [00:02:00] all phrase for indicators of disease state, um, indicators of living, organisms, response to treatment, just sort of indicators of what's going on in the organism at a particular time. Speaker 5: So there's many different types of biomarkers. You may have heard quite a bit about this genomics revolution and our use and understanding of information that's coming from nucleic acids. And what we're really looking for in Dow is building on what we've learned from our understanding of nucleic acids. How can we try [00:02:30] to understand proteins, which are the effectors of function, if you will, in living organisms and really try to use that information from proteins to understand all of these questions surrounding disease. So who has a disease, who might respond to specific treatments, who might not respond to specific treatments? How you are responding to specific treatments and in our mind it's released the next phase of what genomics has laid the groundwork for an area that we call proteomics. Can you give us a quick run through [00:03:00] of how molecular diagnosis works now and what new things you are trying to detect and what new information we can get from those? Speaker 5: I guess it has been striking to me as an instrument designer, innovator developer. If you take a look at our understanding of the role of proteins in disease right now, there's a treasure trove I would say, of information that's come out of basic discovery. So trying to understand what proteins are upregulated or downregulated or modified in [00:03:30] response to disease or treatment of disease. Right. So I would say there's definitely more effort that needs to be done in discovery, but we've done a lot of great work in discovery. A huge challenge and unmet need to use the engineering design terminology that exists right now is we have these potential indicators of disease or response to disease or prognosis, but very, very few of them have made it into a clinical setting into a diagnostic. Right now there are less than a hundred [00:04:00] different biomarkers that are being used for diagnostics. Speaker 5: That includes nucleic acids of DNA, RNA and proteins as well, just metabolites as well, right? So very, very few of the known existing bio molecules are being used in any way as a diagnostic measurement. And so there's really a huge gap right now between all of these promising markers that have been identified and those that are currently being used to make a diagnosis. So one of the things that we're [00:04:30] trying to do is to just build a basic framework for measurements that will allow people to make many, many, many measurements of a particular biomarker of potential interest so that you can look at many, many different patients' samples, many, many different disease states. We won't be really data limited. So the technologies that we use right now for a lot of these protein biomarkers to see whether or not the promising ones actually answer a clinical question, they're really rate limiting. Speaker 5: [00:05:00] They're really slow or they require a lot of material and in some cases this biospecimens these materials from patients are precious, hugely limited, right there, sparingly available. So we're just trying to think about ways that we can use these microfluidic architectures that require just tiny amounts of sample to run one measurement. How we can use those to scale up to make thousands of measurements. We're right now tens of measurements can be difficult and to make those measurements on, you know, a [00:05:30] microliter of sample from a patient as opposed to tens to hundreds of microliters. So that for us, this so-called biomarker validation question getting from yet this might work too. Okay, here are the clinical questions this marker can or cannot answer as the gap that we're trying to fill. Are you building these instruments? A major focus of my research group is looking at innovating new instrumentation, new technologies. Speaker 5: So by understanding the underlying physical principles [00:06:00] of the types of transport that we use. So electrophoresis and diffusion and by understanding unmet clinical or life sciences needs. So questions or challenges that currently exist out in life sciences laboratories or in clinical laboratories. We're basically trying to bring those two aspects together to develop new tools. All of the new tools that we develop are developed really to meet an unmet need either in the clinical setting or the life sciences setting and they're built with an understanding these underlying principles, but they all [00:06:30] have to be validated. So when we make a measurement with a new tool, we have to have some confidence in how well our measurement reflects our current understanding of the systems. And we typically do that by using conventional gold standard measurement technologies where appropriate. I think recently we've just come into this really interesting and exciting gray zone where we can make measurements that there really are no existing tools to be able to validate whether our measurement makes sense or not. And so we've had to put some effort and careful thought [00:07:00] into how do we validate our measurements using maybe indirect approaches so that we can say with some confidence the limits and the benefits of the tools that we're introducing. Speaker 4: You said earlier that a lot of your research comes from trying to meet the unmet needs of both the life sciences and the technological aspects. How do you go about picking which needs to meet? Do you find ones that you think, okay, well this is doable, or do you find ones that you think, maybe no one else can do this? I'm going to work on it? Speaker 5: Right. [00:07:30] That's a great question. So as an engineer, as an engineering designer, one of the first things that we do is really try to understand the world around us and try to understand how people approach existing problems, how they define those problems, why they approach them in a particular way. But I think this is one of the most exciting aspects of the work that we do. It's certainly true that if you get this first stage, this identification and understanding of unmet needs wrong, you're going to go down the wrong path, but if you get it right, you can make a huge difference in terms [00:08:00] of how people are approaching either science or medicine and our work is really translational in that way. So we're engineers and we're passionate about making excellent measurements and as you say, measurements that are currently not possible are the measurements that we're really looking to impact. Speaker 5: Measurements that are currently possible but needs significant improvement. We do focus on those as well, but when you can find a measurement that when you're talking to a biologist and explaining kind of what you can do and they look at you and say, oh my gosh, there's no [00:08:30] way I could do that right now, then you know you've hit upon something that's really important to at least consider further to fill a gap and unmet need that's out there at the present time. In many ways, I think it reminds many of us of why we chose to be engineers in the first place. I mean, certainly I can speak for myself and say I'm really excited about being able to make measurements that no one else can make. And understanding how those measurements, how good they are, how much more improvement they need, and maybe trying to understand the physics and think about [00:09:00] is something possible that we've discounted to date. But I think in many ways connecting with the end user also adds another layer of excitement and passion and motivation because you can really see how your work in the lab can make a difference in the world around us. Speaker 6: Aw. [inaudible] you're listening to spectrum k A. L. Alex Berkeley. Our guest today is Amy her in the next segment, [00:09:30] Amy talks about her lab at UC Berkeley. [inaudible] Speaker 5: how long has your lab been up and running? So my lab has been a, at Berkeley six years before I came to UC Berkeley. So I did my doctoral research at Stanford in mechanical engineering and then I loved a research and I wanted to continue doing research and so I worked for five years at a national lab and then coming to UC Berkeley was a big change in many ways, but I think [00:10:00] I'm working with an excellent team of, in many cases, junior colleagues here now, training them, postdocs and students just being invigorated every year with the fresh approaches that students, the frust questions that students ask about why are we doing some things in the way that we're doing them, or why is our understanding limited in this way as a faculty member? Just a huge source of inspiration and motivation over the six years. Has Your approach within the lab changed much? Speaker 5: Our lab has certainly changed. Yeah, [00:10:30] and I think as an individual, you as a researcher over the course of six years, certainly I will have also changed. You learn as you go and you learn on a technical level for sure. Absolutely. I would also say I've learned a lot from my groom to the students and the postdocs and the way that they approach problems. It's been just a fantastic honor to be able to work in bioengineering here at UC Berkeley with an amazing group of people who all come with different perspectives. And I've really pushed the research directions [00:11:00] in my group in ways that I couldn't have imagined six years ago. And they also come from very different disciplines as well, don't they? And has that mix changed for you over the six years? Yeah, that is absolutely true. So bioengineering, when I was in graduate school, which I'd like to think was in a long time ago, but it was, I finished almost a decade ago now. Speaker 5: It didn't even really exist. Right. It was just kind of starting and the graduate level widely at universities around the u s and globally as well. So most of the faculty, if you look at bio engineering, our formal training is [00:11:30] not in bio engineering. We're too old for that, I guess. And so the students who currently come to do doctoral study at UC Berkeley and with our partner institution, University of California, San Francisco, they all come with different backgrounds. More and more of them are coming with a biomedical or bio engineering undergraduate degree. But we certainly, you know, in my group alone have had students who have come from uh, aeronautics, chemical engineering, electrical engineering, chemistry, just a wide range of backgrounds. As someone who essentially [00:12:00] witnessed the genesis of an entire field of engineering and especially one that is so connected to the world. Can you tell us what that was like and how that's affected you? Speaker 5: Yeah. Seeing bioengineering starts really and become just the huge discipline in the really impactful area of research and study that it is today has been really inspiring. It's also does raise a lot of questions, questions about what is the appropriate curriculum for undergraduates who are studying. Bioengineering is something that [00:12:30] the faculty in my department, we talk about all the time. We try to refine our approach to this really, really important basic study that students undertake in their undergraduate years. Right? So there's that aspect of it wanting to make sure that we help them prepare themselves to be the best engineers possible when they leave UC Berkeley on the other hand, just seeing the huge advances that engineering is making in medicine and the way that it's changing the lives of people and has been for some time [00:13:00] for the better is really inspiring. I will say I often notice that students that I come into contact with here, they're really driven to make a positive impact in the world around them. Speaker 5: And I think that is really at the core of what engineers want to do. We want to understand, but we also want to make something, we want to make a positive impact with what we're doing and maybe I think in a very practical sense that's what an engineer is. I wanted to ask you a little [00:13:30] bit about what you've referred to the engineering mindset and I think it's a really interesting perspectives to want to maybe put us in that mind frame. Yeah, I think the engineering approaches to really just question question what you're observing, question what people are telling you. And so the engineering mindset I think is to be skeptical and to be observant, to not listen to necessarily what people tell you, but to use your own eyes and to discuss with peers or mentors [00:14:00] to try to understand and make sense of all of the different perspectives you're going to get when you're trying to understand the problem. Speaker 5: And so as engineers, we're always challenged with getting into kind of one way of thinking and that can push you down a path that could be productive. But if you really step outside and try to integrate a really holistic view of the world or the problem you're trying to understand, you might happen upon new approaches that users would never have dreamed of. Right? So there's that aspect. I think the engineering mindset is also to be objective. And in [00:14:30] our case in bio engineering, trying to be as quantitative as possible and to understand the limits and the advantages of being quantitative. And then certainly in bioengineering, there is a huge aspect of our mindset, which is to translate our solutions out into the world around us so that we can have a positive impact on society and the world more broadly. Spectrum is a public affairs show on k l x Berkeley. [00:15:00] Our guest today is [inaudible] Speaker 6: Amy her in the next segment, Amy offers advice to students interested in bio engineering. Speaker 5: Can you explain how you're using mathematics to reveal biological systems and create new medical applications? Yeah. One of the big things that we've seen lacking in instruments to make protein level measurements is any sort of quantitation, so a lot of the technologies [00:15:30] are just qualitative. You can see the presence of a particular protein of interest or okay, maybe it's higher presence in one sample versus another, but inherently in the way a lot of the conventional approaches, the conventional assays are run, there's very little confidence in being able to pull out exactly how many micrograms and material are present in a sample two it's hard to do comparisons between different samples except in a very qualitative way. What we're working on are technologies that are quantitative. [00:16:00] So that can allow you to pull out absolute mass level or concentration level information about how much protein is present in a particular sample. Speaker 5: And the hope there is that by doing that we can allow ourselves to create large databases of quantitative information about how much protein or particular form of protein is present under specific conditions. So you can imagine if you were doing a study, for example, on a particular biomarker [00:16:30] of interest, so prostate specific antigen, let's take, right. So if you knew that a particular isoform of this protein was present in certain cases, you could actually quantify how much is there. Enter that information in a database and a researcher say in Norway, who's also making similar measurements, but maybe on a different patient cohort could also upload their information. You can compare head to head. So these data sets could get bigger and bigger and bigger. And then potentially looking at questions of cell signaling [00:17:00] and in proteins that carry that signaling information. Perhaps integrating those quantitative levels of these particular proteins back into bioinformatics models that have been developed would lend insight into the exact response of a protein signaling pathway to a particular stimulation and give those bioinformatics models some actual numbers to work with as opposed to just relationships between specific proteins and are you building some of those models? Speaker 5: So a lot of what we do is collaboration with [00:17:30] specialists in protein signaling pathway models. So my lab is into bioinformatics lab, so we don't do a lot of that ourselves. But through our collaborations with the bioinformatics community, we know that quantitative levels of proteins at particular times is really important to these dynamic models. And so that's a major focus of our work as well. Speaker 4: It's interesting that you bring their PSA test up because I think that's been getting a lot of attention lately. I'd say look at more data. They're realizing it's not quite the silver bullet that people thought it was. [00:18:00] Are there any other examples like that that waste have completely overturned people's ideas of what we were seeing once we look at this large scale data? Yeah, Speaker 5: in particular a very striking example that you bring up the test for free versus total prostate specific antigen in blood. Right. And that's been used for many years as an indicator of prostate cancer. I think there are just three beautiful studies that have come out in the last year, one from UCF that have really pointed to the fact [00:18:30] that actually some of these PSA tests are really good at finding prostate cancer. They're just really bad at telling us if it's an aggressive or a slow moving prostate cancer. Right? So the prognostic information, how the patient is going to fare in the long run is just not there. So we're finding the prostate cancer, but we're not able to determine whether we should just watch full weights and see what happens or if we should actually embark upon some treatment. That's been a big interest of our group is looking [00:19:00] at specific diagnostic questions. Speaker 5: Who in the case of prostate cancer, can we improve prognostic information and trying to look at specific forms of the protein. So in this case, working with the researcher at Stanford Medical Center looking at different glyco forms of prostate specific antigen that may be more indicative of longterm outcomes for the patient. That in particular is a really interesting one for me because we started working with this researcher maybe six years ago before these big studies came out that showed the prognostic usefulness of the PSA [00:19:30] test was not so good and I definitely remember us submitting several proposals to funding agencies and basically getting the comments back that will we have an indicator for prostate cancer right now, we don't need another one. And so just even over the short time that we've been working on it, seeing that just turned on its head because of this ability to integrate all of this patient level information across countries and across different sites to try to understand how good is this test really have led us to realize it's not, as you [00:20:00] said, the silver bullet that we once hoped or thought that it was. I think that's a really good example. I think in some of those same studies, mammograms have also come out yet, right, is not necessarily answering the diagnostic questions that they hoped that that diagnostic would answer. What advice would you give to a young person thinking about bioengineering, about preparing for work in a multi disciplinary lab? Speaker 5: I think major advice that I would give to a young [00:20:30] person who's thinking about working in an interdisciplinary lab like those that you'll find in bioengineering, but also across the campus for sure. I know this interdisciplinary focus is something that permeates engineering right now and I think rightly so on many levels. Many of the problems that we're trying to solver so big are complex. That having these different inputs is just critical. I honestly think that is part of our community. We've not done a great job of communicating to either new engineers or people who are thinking about going into engineering and just this idea that [00:21:00] I can work on these really big challenges with teams of amazing people trying to have a positive impact through my work. I can get paid to do that. I can travel the world to do that. I can work on many different types of problems over the lifetime of my career. Speaker 5: Just an amazing career path really for anyone to consider. It's certainly very exciting and it certainly challenges you and it allows you to operate in these spheres that you would never imagine you could. So either with [00:21:30] different teams of people or just on problems that you maybe never even imagined you would come across. I think some of the advice I would give a undergraduate here at UC Berkeley, I would definitely urge them to seek out opportunities, clearly urge them to seek out mentors, so people who are maybe several years older than them, so people who are role models, who they might want to be like when they quote grow up. Right? We all have those people that we look for no matter how old we are. Look also for people around you who are maybe just a couple years [00:22:00] older than you, who have gone through a programmer or embarked upon research in a particular field and pick their brain about what worked for them and what didn't. Speaker 5: If they went back in time, what would they do differently or what are they so glad that they did? I think just finding these resources and making use of them and then paying it forward when your time comes and you have the experience to share insight with other people and advice is advice. You don't have to take it. But I do think it's certainly in my own career really helped me to listen to it and then weigh it for myself. [00:22:30] I think in an interdisciplinary field like bioengineering focusing on getting the rigorous fundamental understanding of engineering and the particular area that you're interested in is really key. Certainly advisees, I urge them to consider either a minor or some sort of emphasis material science, mechanical or electrical engineering cause it might help them out a little bit. But just making use of the resources that are around you and finding those resources is something I would urge students to do. I'd love to [00:23:00] know your favorite protein. Oh my favorite protein. I think actually right now it would be prostate specific antigen. Yes. Because there is so much controversy around it for sure. Yeah. So it was a good question. Sure. Amy, her. Thanks very much for coming on spectrum. Great. It was a pleasure. Thank you so much. Speaker 6: [inaudible] [inaudible] [inaudible] [00:23:30] [inaudible] Speaker 5: on the webcast of spectrum, we've chosen to include a new section of Amy's interview suitable. The more technologically inclined among us, she would discuss her exciting work inventing novel means of biological measurement. One other term I wanted to have you weigh in on is the term scale dependent physics and chemistry, and how is that important to your work? So [00:24:00] we are a bioengineering lab. We're an instrument innovation and development lab. So what we look at, or are there new ways to make protein level measurements that can inform our understanding or our approaches to disease? Right. And that's through this portal of proteins is indicators of disease. It's really interesting as you look at some of the basic fluid and material transport phenomenos. So things like diffusion or things like, in our case, we're interested in electro migration, so charged analytes. If you apply an electric field, [00:24:30] they're going to migrate, right? Speaker 5: They're going to go towards the cathode or the anode depending on their charge. These sorts of physical transport phenomena can really benefit from shrinking link scales. So in our case, we're interested in using tiny channels, so channels that hold fluids, liquids in particular channels that have a dimension about the size of a human hair. So they're very small. As you scale down channels to that size, you start to get some really beneficial properties that come out about the fluids. And then in particular, the use of [00:25:00] the electric fields benefits from those tiny channels because the channels have a very high surface area to volume ratio. So as you shrink a channel down, you get more and more surface area for a tiny volume. And that essentially means that if we apply a field, an electric field along a fluid that's in that channel, we can apply a very, very high fields and those high fields are going to make the fluid start heating something that's called jewel heating. Speaker 5: So in the electric circuits you have in your computer, for example, if you apply a field, you're moving electrons, not liquids, [00:25:30] but you're still getting this jewel heating because of the motion of those particles. As we have these really high surface areas, we can dissipate heat really effectively. So we can apply high, higher and higher fields than you could even say a millimeter diameter channel. Now we have channels that are microns in diameter, so orders of magnitude smaller and they cool very effectively. So that allows us to access a transport spaces that aren't accessible kind of in the macro scale. Speaker 5: So my [00:26:00] lab is really focused on taking fabrication approaches that have been developed for the semiconductor industry. So moving electrons around in tiny channels, if you will, and applying that with those sorts of approaches to now, not moving electrons but moving fluids, right liquids around. Um, and the reason we do that is because as we scaled the channels down, the channels that hold the liquids, we get beneficial properties. So heat dissipation is one of those beneficial phenomena. It really starts to [00:26:30] become more and more efficient as we scaled it. The dimensions, the cross section of the channel down. So in our case we like to use these tiny structures, these tiny fluid channels. Again, diameter of about if human here in cross section because it allows us to operate under really, really harsh conditions if you will. So at very, very high field strengths. In addition to that, another beneficial aspect of scaling down is much of the transport that happens inside these tiny channels really ends up relying on diffusion [00:27:00] as being the major mechanism of transport and diffusion a is very efficient over short distances, over long distances. Speaker 5: The scaling is not necessarily favorable and it might take you a long time for a molecule to diffuse a long distance, but as we use these techniques, these fabrication techniques to develop micro and Nano fluidic channels, those distances in those channels are tiny. So microns or nanometers and that means diffusion all the sudden becomes a very effective transport mechanism. [00:27:30] So we use these effective transport scalings these beneficial scalings to allow us to do things like mixing. So we can bring two analytes or two reagents in contact with each other and just rely on diffusion to get them to mix. Whereas in the macro scale we would want to stir or agitate the fluid in some way so we can use passive approaches and rely on diffusion to get effective mixing. Whereas on the macro scale we would have to have some sort of active stirring in order to get those, those species [00:28:00] to come together and react. Speaker 5: So are these techniques being applied to both your understanding of biological systems and in your applications that you're trying to build? It's a great question. So I think primarily a lot of the physical phenomena that we're using are really trying to drive towards efficient assays, efficient measurement technologies for specific applications. So for example, we might be looking at a particular protein mediated signaling pathway [00:28:30] and we might be really interested in different isoforms or different versions of proteins, the same protein, but maybe it has some sort of phosphorylation modification on it. Um, and by using these really efficient separation mechanisms like electrophoresis on the micro scale, it's electro migration properties, we can actually start to resolve species or separate them when if we were to use a less efficient architecture, we might not be able to separate them basically and tell them apart. So it allows us to in some ways [00:29:00] access information that sometimes is not accessible using conventional methodologies, conventional assays. Speaker 5: Um, but it also lets us get at looking at reactions for example, on timescales that you just can't do using macro scale techniques. So being able to look at very fine time points because we have really precise control of fluids using these micro architectures, these microfluidic channels. So there's kind of two answers. One, we want to look at specific proteins as related to clinical [00:29:30] questions. So those applications and in many cases we can do that more efficiently. But on the flip side, the fundamental understanding of biology, we might want to look at timescales that we can't measure box systems as well. Have you discovered anything really new and exciting with this novel level of precision? We have started to move into an area that's a little bit unknown and recently some of the work that's being generated in my lab and we're excited to be preparing now for communication to the broader technical [00:30:00] community is being able to look at protein signaling pathways on a single cell level. Speaker 5: So flow cytometry is one example of technology that exists that allows you to look at literally millions of individual cells and you've basically stained those cells with antibodies to a particular protein. So the cell is going to glow a particular color because the antibody has a floor for conjugated to it. The cell is going to glow as particular color of the antibody binds to an analyte of interest of a protein of interest in that cell. But the [00:30:30] problem is with flow cytometry, if you're looking for proteins that we don't have antibodies that are specific to them. So some of these isoforms for example, there's not an antibody that's just specific to a particular isoform. It's very difficult to to make a flow cytometry measurement or there's other cases, for example, with stem cell research or circulating tumor cells. We have so few starting cells that if you use flow cytometry, you're basically going to lose all of the material before you can make the measurement. Speaker 5: [00:31:00] So using these microfluidic architectures, we can um, do separations of single cells and be able to look at isoforms of particular proteins even if we don't have antibodies specific to one of the isoforms. If we have an antibody that's specific to all of the isoforms but we can resolve them from each other before we use an antibody to probe for them. Or if we have such a tiny starting population of cells like circulating tumor cells, we're going to be able to make measurements of the protein signaling pathways on those, you know, 10 or a hundred cells [00:31:30] that are of interest that we just can't do using conventional technologies. I should say. One of the major methods that my group has been working on over the last couple of years is this idea of western blotting. And this is a really powerhouse work horse analytical technique that's used in clinical and research labs all over the world. Speaker 5: Basically it's an assay that allows you to separate the protein contents of a particular sample, so to resolve species proteins by differences in molecular weight, for example, and [00:32:00] then it allows you to come in with an antibody that's specific to a target of interest and see at a particular molecular weight. Does this antibody recognize that protein? If so, most likely that is the protein that I'm looking for, that's my target or the candidate that I'm looking for. And so we've pushed in several different lines of inquiry, new ways to make this specific measurement. It's two measurements, molecular weight and this binding to an antibody or an immune regent of interest. We've really benefited from materials design, so developing [00:32:30] materials that we can change basically from molecular sieving matrices that are useful for the separation stage. Two materials that actually immobilize the of interest upon exposure to light and after we immobilize the proteins, we can come in with the antibody and probe to see if that particular band at that specific molecular weight is the target of interest. This is, I think, been really informative from the perspective of allowing us to design these systems to operate, say, at the single cell level [00:33:00] or to operate on clinical samples that are difficult to analyze using conventional technologies. Speaker 2: Mm MM. Speaker 3: Okay. Speaker 1: The music heard during this show was written in, produced by Alex Simon. Thank you for listening to spectrum. If you have comments about the show, please send them to [00:33:30] us via email. Our email address is spectrum dot k a l x hit yahoo.com join us into Speaker 7: [inaudible]Speaker 3: [00:34:00] probably. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

David Cumes, M.D. was born in South Africa and received his medical training at the Witwatersrand Medical School in Johannesburg. Specializing in urology, Dr. Cumes was trained and has previously taught on the staff at Stanford Medical Center. He has published extensively in professional journals and currently has a private practice in Santa Barbara, CA. […] The post Wilderness Rapture: The Ancestral Roots of Healing appeared first on Future Primitive Podcasts.

Thomas Kirsch, MD The Red Book: Reflections on Jung and the Jungians Join Michael Lerner in a conversation with Thomas Kirsch about The Red Book, Carl Jung’s richly illustrated record of his descent into his inner world, created in a period of personal crisis following his break with Sigmund Freud. Published in 2009 for the first time, The Red Book has been a surprise best seller and reviewed in major periodicals around the world. Thomas Kirsch has a deep knowledge of Jung and the Jungian movement. Born to two first generation Jungian analysts, Kirsch knew Jung as a child. He has served as president of the C.G. Jung Institute of San Francisco and the International Association of Analytical Psychology. He taught Jungian psychology in the Department of Psychiatry at Stanford Medical Center for many years, and is the author of an acclaimed study of the Jungian movement, The Jungians. Thomas Kirsch, MD Thomas is the son of two first generation Jungian analysts, James and Hilde Kirsch, who began their analytic work with Jung in 1929. Through his family he met many of the first generation of Jungian analysts. He is a graduate of Yale Medical School (1961) and completed his psychiatric residency at Stanford Medical Center in 1965. A graduate of the C.G. Jung Institute of San Francisco, he has served there in many capacities, including being president from 1976 – 1978. Author of many papers on dreams, history of analytical psychology, and the analytic relationship, and editor of Jungian sections in encyclopedias and psychoanalytic dictionaries, he has now written a book on the history of analytical psychology. Find out more about The New School at tns.commonweal.org.

Bruce Cryer has spent the past thirty years researching and teaching innovative approaches to maximizing health and organizational performance. He was named President and CEO of HeartMath LLC in 2000, having helped launch the non-profit Institute of HeartMath with founder Doc Childre in 1991. Mr. Cryer was the key architect of programs that incorporate HeartMath's innovative biomedical research into practical tools and strategies to enhance health, performance, creativity, innovation, and productivity for both the individual and the organization. He has successfully guided HeartMath programs at organizations such as Mayo Clinic, Duke University Health System, Stanford Medical Center, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center to just name a few. In 2007, Mr. Cryer was named one of the Top 50 Thought Leaders in Personal Excellence by Leadership Excellence magazine. Mr. Cryer is co-author, with Doc Childre, of the book From Chaos to Coherence: The Power to Change Performance.