Podcasts about 1V

Dagens avsnitt bjuder på uppdatering kring fölis, för det verkar som att det är på G! Nervösa är vi, och längtar förstås mycket också. Vi bjuder på både en veckans Hans, men också veckans Samuel. Dessutom har Anna varit på dubbel tävlingshelg med Focus och Gina!Vi gästar Sadelväxeln Hallå! https://open.spotify.com/episode/7JyalfsFMqv0W4KIs4fQa6?si=4fY9Ma-LQUeF73SXmCc_7wNi hittar oss på Instagram: @systrarnaelfstrand @emmaelfstrand @annaelfstrand Vår TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@elfstrands?_t=ZN-8wH0W5fzlPm&_r=1Vår Youtubekanal: https://www.youtube.com/user/EmmaElfstrandEftersnacksgruppen på Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/groups/2188017021356231Länk till vår merch: https://shirtpod.se/collections/systrarna-elfstrands-hastpodd/Systrarna-Elfstrands-H%C3%A4stpodd?fbclid=IwAR1tE0cWUz5YGnsO-FxwapBXitw_Cim-cC6mKU7zy3RT6HlBOrK3j3khFX4Vår kollektion hos ZacZess: https://zaczess.com/collections/zaczess-x-elfstrand Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Vi känner oss oerhört ärade att återigen välkomna Therese Nilshagen till podden! Vi pratar om Dantes pension och hur Therese känner kring den. Hur ser hennes liv ut idag, och kan vi räkna med henne i toppen framöver igen? Vi snackar också lite allmänt om nervositet, prestationsångest och framridning inför en dressyrstart.Länk till HayHay i Google Play: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.hayhay.chatappLänk till HayHay på App Store: https://apps.apple.com/se/app/hayhay-f%C3%B6r-h%C3%A4st-ridning/id1581968582Ni hittar oss på Instagram: @systrarnaelfstrand @emmaelfstrand @annaelfstrand Vår TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@elfstrands?_t=ZN-8wH0W5fzlPm&_r=1Vår Youtubekanal: https://www.youtube.com/user/EmmaElfstrandEftersnacksgruppen på Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/groups/2188017021356231Länk till vår merch: https://shirtpod.se/collections/systrarna-elfstrands-hastpodd/Systrarna-Elfstrands-H%C3%A4stpodd?fbclid=IwAR1tE0cWUz5YGnsO-FxwapBXitw_Cim-cC6mKU7zy3RT6HlBOrK3j3khFX4Vår kollektion hos ZacZess: https://zaczess.com/collections/zaczess-x-elfstrand Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Avsnitt 277 är här och vi har varit i Tyskland! Men det höll på att inte bli någon resa... Pebban skrittar på och gammelmannen Tage har fått haka på, och vi pratar om senaste ridpasset med de andra hästarna. Vi tar upp en stor ick vi har, och avslutar med några roliga hästannonser.Länk till KRAFFT Direct: https://www.kraffthastfoder.se/radgivning/Ni hittar oss på Instagram: @systrarnaelfstrand @emmaelfstrand @annaelfstrand Vår TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@elfstrands?_t=ZN-8wH0W5fzlPm&_r=1Vår Youtubekanal: https://www.youtube.com/user/EmmaElfstrandEftersnacksgruppen på Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/groups/2188017021356231Länk till vår merch: https://shirtpod.se/collections/systrarna-elfstrands-hastpodd/Systrarna-Elfstrands-H%C3%A4stpodd?fbclid=IwAR1tE0cWUz5YGnsO-FxwapBXitw_Cim-cC6mKU7zy3RT6HlBOrK3j3khFX4Vår kollektion hos ZacZess: https://zaczess.com/collections/zaczess-x-elfstrand Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

I dagens avsnitt har vi två lite sämre nyheter, och vi planerar för fullt inför vår jobbresa till Tyskland som vi är iväg på när ni lyssnar på detta! Vi funderar på vart flugorna tar vägen när det blir dåligt väder på sommaren och vi avslutar avsnittet med två lyssnarfrågor.Länk till HayHay i Google Play: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.hayhay.chatappLänk till HayHay på App Store: https://apps.apple.com/se/app/hayhay-f%C3%B6r-h%C3%A4st-ridning/id1581968582Ni hittar oss på Instagram: @systrarnaelfstrand @emmaelfstrand @annaelfstrand Vår TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@elfstrands?_t=ZN-8wH0W5fzlPm&_r=1Vår Youtubekanal: https://www.youtube.com/user/EmmaElfstrandEftersnacksgruppen på Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/groups/2188017021356231Länk till vår merch: https://shirtpod.se/collections/systrarna-elfstrands-hastpodd/Systrarna-Elfstrands-H%C3%A4stpodd?fbclid=IwAR1tE0cWUz5YGnsO-FxwapBXitw_Cim-cC6mKU7zy3RT6HlBOrK3j3khFX4Vår kollektion hos ZacZess: https://zaczess.com/collections/zaczess-x-elfstrand Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

I dagens avsnitt har vi en liten dipp i motivationen. Sånt som händer ibland ju! Vi pratar om ett föl som fötts med 8 ben, gör en liten uppdatering kring tävlingen i Norge vi pratade om förra veckan och tar upp lite roliga översättningar.Länk till HayHay i Google Play: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.hayhay.chatappLänk till HayHay på App Store: https://apps.apple.com/se/app/hayhay-f%C3%B6r-h%C3%A4st-ridning/id1581968582Ni hittar oss på Instagram: @systrarnaelfstrand @emmaelfstrand @annaelfstrand Vår TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@elfstrands?_t=ZN-8wH0W5fzlPm&_r=1Vår Youtubekanal: https://www.youtube.com/user/EmmaElfstrandEftersnacksgruppen på Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/groups/2188017021356231Länk till vår merch: https://shirtpod.se/collections/systrarna-elfstrands-hastpodd/Systrarna-Elfstrands-H%C3%A4stpodd?fbclid=IwAR1tE0cWUz5YGnsO-FxwapBXitw_Cim-cC6mKU7zy3RT6HlBOrK3j3khFX4Vår kollektion hos ZacZess: https://zaczess.com/collections/zaczess-x-elfstrand Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Avsnitt 274 är här och vi har haft en minst sagt händelserik vecka. Pebban har varit hos veterinären, vi har varit med om en ridtur som slutade med skenande hästar och Gina har slagit till med sin första vinst! Dessutom har det varit lite drama på sociala medier.Länk till HayHay i Google Play: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.hayhay.chatappLänk till HayHay på App Store: https://apps.apple.com/se/app/hayhay-f%C3%B6r-h%C3%A4st-ridning/id1581968582Ni hittar oss på Instagram: @systrarnaelfstrand @emmaelfstrand @annaelfstrand Vår TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@elfstrands?_t=ZN-8wH0W5fzlPm&_r=1Vår Youtubekanal: https://www.youtube.com/user/EmmaElfstrandEftersnacksgruppen på Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/groups/2188017021356231Länk till vår merch: https://shirtpod.se/collections/systrarna-elfstrands-hastpodd/Systrarna-Elfstrands-H%C3%A4stpodd?fbclid=IwAR1tE0cWUz5YGnsO-FxwapBXitw_Cim-cC6mKU7zy3RT6HlBOrK3j3khFX4Vår kollektion hos ZacZess: https://zaczess.com/collections/zaczess-x-elfstrand Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

For our RP2350 Bones boards, we might not use the built-in DC/DC converter on some variants—and it's not required! We could use an external 1.1V regulator, if it can source 200mA. This affects low-power usage, but that might not be important in some cases. If we can source a tiny regulator, this could shave a bit of space off. See the chosen part on DigiKey https://www.digikey.com/short/h95z024d ----------------------------------------- Visit the Adafruit shop online - http://www.adafruit.com LIVE CHAT IS HERE! http://adafru.it/discord Subscribe to Adafruit on YouTube: http://adafru.it/subscribe New tutorials on the Adafruit Learning System: http://learn.adafruit.com/ -----------------------------------------

New RP2350 chips are here, and we're building fresh "Bones" boards—starting with the Adalogger RP2350. We also fixed Sparkle Motion's power issue and designed a Stick version. Plus, we're exploring tiny 1.1V regulators to optimize future boards.

WinTech and JRN - Live from The Head of The CharlesJoin Fergus and Camilla live from the Head of The Charles as they dive deep into the stories and narratives unfolding at the world's largest rowing event.On tonight's episode:Tune-in for conversations with Olli Zeidler and Sofia Meakin, the victorious Washington women's 1V, the Irish-Swiss composite four, and much, much more. This episode is sponsored by WinTech & King Racing.WinTech & King Racing have established themselves as the largest and foremost sustainable boat builder, producing over 2000 boats annually. They are dedicated to expanding the reach of the sport by making it accessible to all through the integration of cutting-edge technology and the use of the highest quality materials. Drawing on the combined expertise of US engineering and German and Australian design, WinTech & King craft exceptional racing shells that set new standards for performance and durability.  WinTech and King's  unwavering commitment to sustainability, affordability, and innovation drives them to propel the sport of rowing into a more inclusive and exciting future, where excellence knows no boundaries.WinTech & King Racing shells are available worldwide through their network of distributors. Learn more about how you can get a fair price and unfair advantage by finding your local distributor: www.wintechking.comSend us a text

With a spike in antisemitism around the world since the October 7th attack in Israel and the horrible scenes of Palestinian suffering in Gaza, Jews in the U.S. are wrestling with what it really means to be pro-Israel. Phil and Skye are joined by Holy Post pundit Mike Erre to discuss a thought-provoking sermon by American Rabbi Sharon Brous. She asks, is it possible to support one's own tribe without diminishing the human dignity of others? And how does this relate to Christian communities who feel “under siege” in America? Then, former State Department official, Todd Deatherage, shares about his 15-year effort to help Americans understand that the Israeli-Palestinian situation is not a zero-sum conflict. He says evangelicals need to stop viewing Israel as a “lucky rabbit's foot,” and embrace a vision for biblical peacemaking in the region that is both pro-Israeli and pro-Palestinian.   Holy Post Plus Holy Post Office - When to take a Bible verse literally vs metaphorically https://www.patreon.com/posts/93694179/   0:00 - Intro   1:38 - Show starts   4:46 - Theme Song   5:02 - Sponsor - With God Daily   6:46 - Rise of anti-semitism   13:42 - Oppressors or Oppressees    51:14 - Sponsor - Aura Frames -  Visit www.AuraFrames.com and get 30 dollars off their best-selling Carver Mat frame with the code HOLYPOST   52:20 - Sponsor - AG1 - Get your FREE 1 year supply of Vitamin D AND 5 free travel packs with your first purchase, go to athleticgreens.com/HOLYPOST   53:53 - Interview Intro   1:03:19 - American Evangelical's relationship with Israel   1:14:34 - Pro Israel and Pro-Palestine   1:35:19 - End Credits Links mentioned in news segment:   ‎The Ezra Klein Show: The Sermons I Needed to Hear Right Now on Apple Podcasts https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-ezra-klein-show/id1548604447?i=1000635157164   Bari Weiss' speech at The Federalist Society https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1V-kyy2zoz4 Other resources:   The Telos Group - https://www.telosgroup.org/   Voxology podcast - https://voxologypodcast.com/   Holy Post website: https://www.holypost.com/   Holy Post Plus: www.holypost.com/plus   Holy Post Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/holypost   Holy Post Merch Store: https://www.holypost.com/shop The Holy Post is supported by our listeners. We may earn affiliate commissions through links listed here. As an Amazon Associate, we earn from qualifying purchases.  

Hi, ich bin Jules und das hier ist die Audiospur meines Videos auf dem YouTube Kanal „Reise ohne Wiederkehr“. https://www.youtube.com/@ReiseOhneWiederkehr Wir schreiben das Jahr 2016. Die Australierin Elly liebt das Leben, ihre Familie und ihren Freund und ist neugierig auf die Welt. Sie ist begeisterte Taucherin und hat sich mit ihren 20 Jahren fest vorgenommen noch vor ihrem 30. Geburtstag in allen Meeren der Welt zu tauchen. Einige hat sie schon abgehakt und nun steht der indische Ozean auf dem Plan. Es geht für 6 Wochen nach Mosambik. Doch dort wartet nicht nur der weiße Strand und die vielen Meeresbewohner auf Elly, sondern auch der Tod. #Dokumentation #Doku #TrueCrime #truecrimestories #EllyWarren CRIME MAP https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?mid=1aRlgNhTwqoLB1gi8C0JKsghGbgmwkyo&ll=-3.81666561775622e-14%2C-60.74788220000005&z=2&entry=yt DISCLAIMER: · Dieses Video dient der Information, der Sensibilisierung und Prävention. · Alles in diesem Video habe ich selbst recherchiert und erarbeitet. · Alle genannten Informationen sind im Internet frei zugänglich (siehe Quellenangabe) und wurden von mir gesammelt und in einem Video zusammengefasst. Ich verweise hiermit auf das Zitatrecht: https://dejure.org/gesetze/UrhG/51.html · trotz gründlichster Recherche besteht keine Garantie, dass alle genannten Fakten zu 100% korrekt sind · Alle persönlichen Ansichten, Meinungen und Kommentare sind ausschließlich meine eigenen und spiegeln in keiner Weise die Meinungen der im Video gezeigten oder genannten Personen wider. QUELLEN https://docs.google.com/document/d/1V... MUSIK · Intro | “Heros” by Fuzzeke |    / @fuzzeketrailermusic   · Trailer | Reise ohne Wiederkehr by me (Eigenkomposition) | umgesetzt und eingespielt von: www.fiverr.com/kastoriusergi

This week's EYE ON NPI stands alone as a fantastic new solution for high power charging of large battery packs and also power boosting from battery to system: it's ADI/Maxim's MAX77789 Standalone 3.15A Charger (https://www.digikey.com/en/product-highlight/a/analog-devices/max77789-standalone-3-15a-charger), an all-in-one power management IC that lets you ditch DC power plugs and simplifies your BOM, at an excellent price. We'll also be covering the MAX77787 (https://www.digikey.com/short/wzv7095b) which is the fraternal-twin-sister product: using I2C instead of resistor settings for configuration. We've been covering USB Type C PD sinks and supplies for about a year here on EYE ON NPI & The Great Search, they're an excellent way to ditch those DC barrel jack power supplies (https://learn.adafruit.com/usb-pd-hacks/) and allow folks to use a single connector and standard power supply (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C90UnNAlCFQ) for various voltages, from 5V-20V at up to 5A. There's plenty of chips that will connect to a PD source and negotiate that voltage for you (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yQea9IEmf28) but now we can start to take advantage of USB PD for battery charging as well! This week's dynamic duo does pretty much everything for battery management. As devices get more complex, and battery cost goes down, the packs included in products are getting bigger. If you're trying to charge a 5Ah battery at standard 5V/1A rates, it will take at least 5-8 hours to do so, when folks really want 1-2 hour charge rates. The MAX77789 and MAX77787 have a buck converter that will deliver up to 3A to the battery for 3x faster charging. But, if you try to draw 3A from a USB 5V power cable, that built-in resistance will cause a voltage droop - remember we need at least 4.5V to have the headroom for charging up to 4.2V or 4.35V Lithium batteries. Thus, these chips use USB PD (https://learn.adafruit.com/understanding-usb-type-c-cable-types-pitfalls-and-more) to request higher voltages when available: 9V or 12V means that we can draw less current to get the same amount of power, which means less resistance loss over the cabling. For pre-C chargers, such as Samsung or Apple or Quick Charge (https://learn.adafruit.com/understanding-usb-type-c-cable-types-pitfalls-and-more) the USB D+/D- pins are used. In such cases where you want to have the data pins available for USB data/sync, you'll need something like the MAX20334 (https://www.digikey.com/short/p8b23vf3) data line switch to flip the pins back to your MCU. The MAX77789 uses resistors on the IFAST, ISET and INLIM lines to set the charge rate, timeout, and pack float voltage, the MAX77787 uses I2C. Both have a couple configuration pins, and LEDs for status monitoring. Both have the ability to also be turned into a boost converter - you can't use both charging and boosting at the same time, but since you can use the SYS voltage when connected to USB, you'll have at least 5V either way. The booster is fixed to 5.1V output. On the '89 the boost is enabled by GPIO, the '87 enables it over I2C. Both chips are available in 0.4mm pitch BGA - which means pad-in-via and multi-layer boards in order to pass the inner configuration traces out. Many of the traces are tripled-or-quadrupled to provide the current carrying capability of 3A charge and 6A peak discharge. An eval board is also available (https://www.digikey.com/short/4dc80hwz) which makes quick verification easy. For the I2C configuration version there's also desktop software to try out various settings - the standalone version has jumpers so you can attach any resistor value. Both the ADI/Maxim MAX77789 (https://www.digikey.com/short/j7zhtj4h) and MAX77787 (https://www.digikey.com/short/wzv7095b) Standalone/I2C 3.15A Chargers are in stock right now at DigiKey for immediate shipment. It's great to see forward momentum in chip design releases now that the shortages have abated: only a year ago we were scrambling for diodes and op-amps and now we have a wealth of great new products to choose from! Order one of these powerful Lithium battery management chips today and you'll have it shipped immediately so that you can start integrating it into your new design by tomorrow afternoon.

Monte is joined by Sarah Hower to discuss her approach to automating grading and the types of assignments that are best graded automatically versus those that are best graded by the teacher. Show Notes More info on MCP Webinars (https://www.modernclassrooms.org/webinars) and Scholarships (https://www.modernclassrooms.org/scholarships) Upcoming MCP Events: Register for Shades of Excellence (https://modernclassrooms.zoom.us/webinar/register/WN_LoY-z92nRcCUDqA1J8gMWw) (Monday, September 25th at 7:00 PM Eastern) Register for The Science of Reading (https://modernclassrooms.zoom.us/webinar/register/WN_MivhCptISgGfNWIxse9vtw) (Tuesday, September 26th at 6:00 PM Eastern) Register for our Kami Webinar (https://modernclassrooms.zoom.us/webinar/register/WN_-hgQ1JBsRK-GM0D9rzT3wQ) (Thursday, September 28th at 6:00 PM Eastern) Check out MCP's new podcast, Catalyzing Classroom Change (https://catalyzingclassroomchange.fireside.fm/)! Grading for Equity (Joe Feldman) (https://gradingforequity.org/) – Amazon Link (https://www.amazon.com/Grading-Equity-Matters-Transform-Classrooms/dp/1506391575) MCP Podcast Episode 133 - Providing Effective Feedback (https://podcast.modernclassrooms.org/133) Edutopia Articles about Multiple Choice Tests: 5 Tips for Designing Multiple-Choice Quizzes (https://www.edutopia.org/article/5-tips-designing-multiple-choice-quizzes/) What Does the Research Say About Testing? (https://www.edutopia.org/article/what-does-research-say-about-testing/) Sarah's Test Revisions Sheet (https://docs.google.com/document/d/1A1dVuvlhen30HtVY-_VSz1rkgcf2HaWpUXUzG0gtswA/edit?usp=sharing) Hower's Mastery Check Revision Sheet (https://docs.google.com/document/d/1V-ub_IMHPfW30xAYl88m94w-0ZSs5MfrJeBpKt3_7Iw/edit?usp=sharing) Hower's Back to School Night Slides (https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1l3E64szU-qm9w4rIjKRWESxwJx252M_ePI20totbvBk/edit?usp=sharing) (for 11-12th grade Anatomy & Physiology) ChatGPT (https://chat.openai.com/) How ChatGPT Can Help With Grading (https://blog.tcea.org/chatgpt-grading/) (TCEA TechNotes Article) Email Sarah at sarah.hower@modernclassrooms.org (mailto:sarah.hower@modernclassrooms.org) Contact us, follow us online, and learn more: Email us questions and feedback at: podcast@modernclassrooms.org (mailto:podcast@modernclassrooms.org) Send us an audio note (https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSffmqSsaaU7M0MTXowApIOt-wace2tD6LPct73oEQOlaFp4vQ/viewform?usp=sf_link) and we'll include it on a future episode! Modern Classrooms: @modernclassproj (https://twitter.com/modernclassproj) on Twitter and facebook.com/modernclassproj (https://www.facebook.com/modernclassproj) (remember you can tweet us questions by using the hashtag #askMCP) Kareem: @kareemfarah23 (https://twitter.com/kareemfarah23) on Twitter Toni Rose: @classroomflex (https://twitter.com/classroomflex) on Twitter and Instagram (https://www.instagram.com/classroomflex/?hl=en) The Modern Classroom Project (https://www.modernclassrooms.org) Modern Classrooms Online Course (https://learn.modernclassrooms.org) Take our free online course, or sign up for our mentorship program to receive personalized guidance from a Modern Classrooms mentor as you implement your own modern classroom! The Modern Classrooms Podcast is edited by Zach Diamond: @zpdiamond (https://twitter.com/zpdiamond) on Twitter and Learning to Teach (https://www.learningtoteach.co/) Special Guest: Sarah Hower.

The Joule Thief is a delightfully simple circuit that can light an LED that requires 2V or more from a battery that is depleted to 1V or less. There are three components in addition to the battery and LED: an NPN transistor, a resistor and a double wound inductor. The key thing about the inductor is that the same core shares two windings but in opposite directions. The explanation of how it works is simple enough, as long as you already understand how inductors and transistors work. In other words, it isn't simple at all! In short, the double wound inductor and transistor conspire to generate a transient high voltage spike and so turn LED on and off so rapidly that the human eye cannot perceive it. The idea of such a circuit is approaching its centenary but the name itself is only around 20 years old. I recommend you check out Big Clive's web site as it was he who came up with the name "Joule Thief". I also recommend this video in which he constructs a circuit using some ninja-level soldering skills.

No episódio 24, basicamente bebemos da mesma fonte na escolha das pepitas. É quase um “variações sobre um mesmo tipo de som”, por assim dizer.Seja através de um seriado de vampiros adolescentes, de um duo inglês de nome familiar aos brasileiros, ou de mais um artista australiano, este episódio fala muito sobre a essência dos criadores deste podcast.Com: Stateless, Aquilo e Fractures.Dica da Semana:O Som do Silêncio (Sound of Metal): https://app.primevideo.com/detail?gti=amzn1.dv.gti.feba7620-5120-322f-4512-9d635983c0f3&territory=BR&ref_=share_ios_movie&r=webEpisódio do podcast “Segundo Corte”, sobre o filme: https://open.spotify.com/episode/0EfLBdNMhI1Jdf4O0KVRCQ?si=lC0k-xRQQF2ADjgGQ41hMwSérie “The Night Of”, em que o protagonista do filme, o ator Riz Ahmed, também participa: https://hbogo.com.br/content/2639f0ef-4b46-45d5-8d2e-e2bad3236c0dLinks:Playlist Oficial do Pepitas Sonoras:Spotify: https://bit.ly/PlaylistPepitasSonorasNoSpotifyApple Music: https://bit.ly/PlaylisPepitasSonorasNoAppleMusicCanal do Pepitas Sonoras no Telegram: https://t.me/joinchat/TxzUk41WFVsTdJv3Versão de “Bloodstream”, do Stateless, com quarteto de cordas:Áudio: https://open.spotify.com/track/0C2e2P3et5TBl4dLcHTERo?si=_l2xBNnmTxiebIfIQHMmuw&dl_branch=1Vídeo: https://youtu.be/aI-xzNLfnlIVídeo do “Aquilo” tocando “Silhouette”: https://youtu.be/kJbku6iSQ1kPrint do tweet onde o pessoal do “Aquilo” nos diz como pronunciar o nome deles

Antariksh Matters #1: Spying on Spy Satellites— Pranav R SatyanathIn February this year, the United States launched a nondescript satellite simply designated as NROL-87. Those who keep a close of space launches know that the NROL designation stands for national security satellites operated by the National Reconnaissance Office. The satellite likely entered a 284 x 425 km Sub-synchronous orbit with an inclination of 97.25 degrees. The NROL-87, also designated as USA 326, is suspected to be a new generation of electro-optical imaging satellite. This spy satellite, one among many operated by the US, kept to itself with nothing to bother its mission. Until now.Earlier this month, Russia launched a nondescript satellite on board a Soyuz-2.1V from the Plesetsk launch site. The secret satellite, Kosmo-2558, was launched just as NROL-87 passed above the Russian launch complex. Space watchers like Jonathan McDowell quickly predicted that Kosmos-2558 would likely reach the planar orbit of NROL-87 within 80 km of the American spy satellite’s range. The orbital behaviour of the Kosmos-2558 resembles that of an ‘inspector satellite’, which, in other words, means that Russia launched a satellite to spy on another satellite.Of course, the presence of inspector satellites in space is not a new phenomenon. Classified under the category of Rendezvous and Proximity Operations (RPO), satellites have been launched to either inspect or potentially attack other satellites in the past. Not all RPO satellites have malign intentions. For example, in the 1990s, Canada proposed using inspector satellites to verify arms control agreements in outer space. More recently, however, RPOs have been viewed with suspicion. The sharp increase in the number of satellites being placed in orbit has made it all the more difficult to predict the purpose of satellites which may or may not have military utility. Since countries do not disclose details of the satellites they launch, the lack of transparency does little to decrease uncertainties. Policymakers and policy analysts have considered several possible solutions to the problem of transparency. Some scholars propose a pre-launch notification mechanism under which countries not only notify others of the launches of rockets and ballistic missiles that are set to take place but also provide details about the nature of the launch vehicle or ballistic missile.Pre-launch notification agreements concerning ballistic missiles have been signed in bilateral settings in the past. The United States and Russia signed such an agreement in 1988. India and Pakistan signed a similar agreement in 2005. No attempt has been made to craft similar agreements for space launch vehicles. One reason might be that providing pre-launch notifications might be because countries fear that adversary countries might take countermeasures against potential spy satellites. Such concerns were expressed as far back as 1958, as seen in the memorandum from the Arms Control and Disarmament Agency (ACDA) to the President of the United States.Another solution that has been proposed to avoid the risk of RPOs is to implement a keep-out zone for satellites. While such an agreement does not require a verification mechanism, countries could choose to use space situational awareness (SSA) capabilities to enforce a keep-out zone agreement. SSA capabilities have their limitations as no single national system can currently provide full coverage of Low-earth orbit (LEO) and geosynchronous Earth orbit (GEO). Establishing a global SSA network is also challenging and expensive.Although RPOs have not been a problem till date, they may become a problem in the future. Analysts have already begun to take notice of the increase in RPOs in recent years. If countries wish to mitigate the risks associated with RPOs, they must start preliminary negotiations sooner rather than later.(The author would like to thank Aaron Bateman for providing access to declassified documents related to the US space progaramme.)Antariksh Matters #2: The Indian Army’s ‘Skylight’ Exercise— Aditya RamanathanIt would be unusual for readers of this newsletter to find an entry describing an exercise conducted by the Indian Army. However, there was much about the recently concluded Exercise Skylight that was unusual, and that warranted an entry in Technopolitik. What little is known about the exercise comes from scant official information and a few news stories. The Army’s official Twitter handle described it as a satellite communication exercise. It went on to add:“100% satellite communication assets were activated to ensure operational readiness of hi-tech satellite systems and exercise various contingencies.”The tweet would indicate Exercise Skylight tested all of the Army’s orbital communications (which are scattered across multiple satellites) and that these systems were tested for ‘contingencies’. What might be these contingencies? ThePrint cited an anonymous source who indicated the Army wanted to validate its ability to use space-based communications as a redundancy during wartime:“Conflict situations demand space-based communication because we are going by the assumption that the primary means of communication — terrestrial media — gets disrupted”.Of course, the Army understands the vital advantages space-based communications provide. This is especially evident in the Himalayas along the Line of Actual Control (LaC) with China, where satellites can enable tactical communication well beyond the line-of-sight. The Russia-Ukraine war also seems to loom over Exercise Skylight. The Times of India cited an anonymous source as saying the Army was carefully following the use of cyber and electronic warfare in that conflict. In particular, the Army appears to be impressed by the resilience of the SpaceX Starlink satellite internet constellation, which Ukrainian forces have been using to coordinate operations against Russia. In the coming years, the Army is expected to look to acquire easily portable satellite phones and “satellite high speed data backbone,” which would likely require a constellation of low earth orbit  (LEO) satellites link Starlink.Before it turns to LEO, the Army will be most eager to get its own communications satellite in geostationary orbit. In March, Defence Minister Rajnath Singh cleared the path for developing the GSAT-7B satellite for the Indian Army. At present, the Army shares satellites with the other services and civilian organisations. If the GSAT-7B is put into orbit by the planned date of 2025, the Army will join the Indian Navy (which already operates the GSAT-7A) and the Indian Airforce (which operates the GSAT-7C) in having its own dedicated communications satellites parked over the most suitable spot of orbital real estate.Matsyanyaaya: How can the US-India iCET Succeed?— Arjun GargeyasA couple of months ago, the United States (US) and India decided to enhance cooperation in the technology domain. President Biden and Prime Minister Modi’s meeting resulted in the Initiative on Critical and Emerging Technologies (iCET) announcement to expand the existing partnership between the two states in specific strategic technology sectors. One interesting aspect of the iCET remains the departments spearheading the initiative. Both states' National Security Councils have been responsible for driving forward outcome-oriented projects related to the iCET. The defence and national security angle behind the technology cooperation is clearly visible through this initiative. With certain technology sectors attaining a strategic status, the iCET has the ability to help the two states focus on technologies that might have a massive impact on the security and military side. These agreements, when announced can create a flutter of conversation and remain exciting on paper. But what are the actual policy implementations under the iCET which can actually translate into on ground impact for both the states? Are there areas of focus which can improve the effectiveness of the initiative itself is something to look at. A People-Centric Approach The single point of focus in the initiative should be the human capital model to achieve the desired outcomes. Technical knowledge is central to the overall development of emerging technology areas such as 5G, quantum computing and semiconductors. With human capital being the biggest strength for both India and US, the iCET will thrive if it is made individual-centric. The governments should facilitate this exchange of ideas and foster the talent pool that exists in both countries. One of the goals set by the initiative as per the Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) was to forge better linkages between government, academia and industry in specific technology areas. This would entail cross-border human capital movement being essential to achieving those goals. Scientists, engineers and other researchers in both countries who are involved in working on critical technologies can have access to research facilities in both countries under the initiative. The exchange of STEM researchers between universities across both countries and industrial leaders and technology entrepreneurs engaged in developing strategic tech can help translate lab-level research into potential applications. An important area in the people-centric approach are the students and academic researchers studying in each other’s universities. Although this is heavily skewed towards Indians in the US academic institutions, this initiative can introduce academic fellowships for scholars to work and contribute to specific emerging technology sectors. This would help in IP creation and dissemination across borders as well as cultivate a thriving set of scientists and engineers who can contribute to technology collaboration at the government level.Focus on Funding Specific Research ProjectsAs per the White House Press Release, the US-India iCET will involve the scientific government departments from both states. As per the press statement, the National Science Foundation (NSF) of the US, along with the Department of Science and Technology (DST) will drive forward the implementation of research projects under the initiative. The statement also mentioned that the US has agreed to join six of India’s Technology Innovation hubs. This is in the hope of spearheading over 25 projects across emerging domains such as artificial intelligence and data science. This sets the foundation for another area of focus for the success of the initiative. One of the main objectives of the iCET must be to secure funding (for research and product development) for outcome-driven projects that employ critical and emerging technologies. Enhancing technological cooperation between the two states and improving the efficiency of the initiative can be done when government bodies would indulge in funding crucial research projects on emerging technologies. The iCET must put its resources into funding and supporting specific research projects that can provide a solid output and outcome. The focus must be on emerging technology areas that have the potential to use said technology to create different applications and products to tackle some of the biggest challenges faced by both countries. Improving agriculture output, mitigating climate change effects and similar research can be prioritised for funding. Another aspect would be to identify areas of technology that might dominate in the near future and focus on them. Developing state-of-the-art quantum computer systems, and building telecommunication networks using 6G are just a few among the plethora of technology areas on which the iCET can spend its resources on. Our Reading Menu[Book] A Technological History of Cold-War India, 1947–⁠1969: Autarky and Foreign Aid by William A.T. Logan.[Article] Wargame of Drones: Remotely Piloted Aircraft and Crisis Escalation by Erik Lin-Greenberg.[Report] Securing Semiconductor Supply Chains: An Affirmative Agenda for International Cooperation by William Alan Reinsch et. al. This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit hightechir.substack.com

Aviso ao ouvinte: este episódio tem todos os ingredientes para lhe criar um sério problema de segurança.Tudo aquilo que alguma vez ouviu ou pensou de que o ser humano é perfeito do ponto de vista biológico, não é verdade.Um fim de semana em plena selva sem os recursos que inventámos para nos assistir, estaria longe de ser uma aventura e muito mais próximo de nos transportar directamente para outra vida que não esta.Na sua estreia no IN PERTINENTE, Inês Lopes Gonçalves e Paulo Gama Mota contam com todas as letras esta triste realidade: NÃO SOMOS PERFEITOS. Está psicologicamente preparado para ouvir?REFERÊNCIAS E LINKS ÚTEIS:Richard Dawkins 1999. A escalada do monte improvável. Gradiva, Lisboa.https://www.gradiva.pt/catalogo/14078/a-escalada-do-monte-improvavelNathan Lentz. 2018. Human errors: A panorama of our glitches, from pointless bones to broken genes. HMH Books.https://www.amazon.es/gp/product/1328974693/ref=ppx_yo_dt_b_asin_title_o04_s00? ie=UTF8&psc=1Vídeo com a dissecação do nervo vago numa girafa.https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cO1a1Ek-HD0Ver o ponto cego do olho:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=27vUFAI3NLMhttps://www.weshigbee.com/blind-spot-examples/BIOSINÊS LOPES GONÇALVESInês Lopes Gonçalves é uma pessoa, função que acumula com as de radialista, locutora e apresentadora de televisão. Na rádio é actualmente uma d'As Três da Manhã da Rádio Renascença, na televisão é a anfitriã do talk show Traz Pr'á Frente, na RTP e RTP Memória.Fez rádio na Antena 3, foi apresentadora do 5 Para a Meia Noite na RTP e desde 2017 que é uma das caras do Festival da Canção. O seu percurso começou na informação como jornalista na Rádio Renascença, passou pela Sport Tv, Canal Q, e colaborou com as revistas Time Out, Sábado e semanário Expresso. PAULO GAMA MOTAPaulo Gama Mota é biólogo, doutorado pela Universidade de Coimbra, Professor Associado do Departamento de Ciências da Vida da FCTUC e investigador do CIBIO. Investiga o comportamento animal e a compreensão das suas causas evolutivas, incluindo a comunicação animal e selecção sexual. É docente em áreas relacionadas com a evolução e a evolução do comportamento. Mantém um grande interesse pela comunicação de ciência, tendo sido Director de vários museus e responsável pelo projecto e Director do Museu da Ciência da Universidade de Coimbra (2006-2015). Comissariou várias exposições de ciência e coordenou vários projectos de ciência cidadã, sempre com a preocupação de aproximar os cidadãos da ciência.

If you haven't listened to part 1 yet, head over to season 10 episode 11. Part 1 focused on the thoughts we have. Todays episode is part 2, by focusing on planning, and whether you should change the plan for every session. Today we explore:  --> Does the plan need to change every time? --> Logical progression --> Variables, intensity and the 5R and 1V  --> Training systems and order of exercises --> STEP acronym --> and more Once you've listed to today's episode share with your friends by tagging us into your Facebook or Instagram stories and posts using @ParallelCoaching You can also send us a message here https://m.me/parallelcoaching Or post in the Inner Circle Facebook group to tell us your big Takeaway from today's episode  https://www.facebook.com/groups/parallelcoachinginnercircle Dedicated to more Parallel Coaching P.S. You can also find us on the following platforms: Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/parallelcoaching Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/ParallelCoaching Twitter: https://twitter.com/ParallelCoach YouTube: http://bit.ly/2F1Z1bs :) --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/fitpro-sessions/message

De como usar nuestro hardware de podcasters para amenizar las fiestas y que vuestros vecinos os odien profundamente. Como bonus conseguireis que la Policia Local os visite en casa sin necesidad de cometer delitos mayores.Conversor fibra a RCA en Amazon: https://www.amazon.es/gp/product/B09CPXDR2R/ref=ppx_yo_dt_b_asin_title_o01_s00?ie=UTF8&psc=1Vídeo sobre karaoke con Voicemeeter: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wxz0ZTW-i84Video sobre karaoke con hardware de podcaster: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MOKMxSQ-7aIPodcast asociado a la red de SOSPECHOSOS HABITUALES. Suscríbete con este feed: https://feedpress.me/sospechososhabituales

De como usar nuestro hardware de podcasters para amenizar las fiestas y que vuestros vecinos os odien profundamente. Como bonus conseguireis que la Policia Local os visite en casa sin necesidad de cometer delitos mayores.Conversor fibra a RCA en Amazon: https://www.amazon.es/gp/product/B09CPXDR2R/ref=ppx_yo_dt_b_asin_title_o01_s00?ie=UTF8&psc=1Vídeo sobre karaoke con Voicemeeter: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wxz0ZTW-i84Video sobre karaoke con hardware de podcaster: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MOKMxSQ-7aIPodcast asociado a la red de SOSPECHOSOS HABITUALES. Suscríbete con este feed: https://feedpress.me/sospechososhabituales

If you've ever been in a good position you felt undeserving of, or that you are incapable of a responsibility entrusted to you, or unworthy of the positive praise and acknowledgement of others towards you, then you might be experiencing 'imposter syndrome.'Tune in to this episode where we discuss imposter syndrome and self-image. We talk about what it is, why so many of us experience it, and what we can do to combat feeling like an imposter.Creators:  Maisa Lacevic and Madhu Ashwin.With credits to Farah Abdulrahman for editing and publishing.ReferencesChrisman, S. M., Pieper, W. A., Clance, P. R., Holland, C. L., and Glickauf-Hughes, C. (1995). Validation of the Clance imposter phenomenon scale. J. Pers. Assess. 65, 456–467. doi: 10.1207/s15327752jpa6503_6Clance, P. R., & Imes, S. A. (1978). The impostor phenomenon in high achievement women: Dynamics and therapeutic intervention. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice, 15, 241–247.Dasgupta, N. (2013). Implicit attitudes and beliefs adapt to situations: A decade of research on the malleability of implicit prejudice, stereotypes, and the self-concept. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 47, 233–279.http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-407236-7.00005-XParkman, A. (2016). The imposter phenomenon in higher education: Incidence and impact. Journal of Higher Education Theory and Practice, 16,51–61.1V. Tajfel, H., & Turner, J. C. (1979). An integrative theory of intergroup conflict. In W. G. Austin, & S. Worchel (Eds.), The social psychology of intergroup relations (pp. 33-37). Monterey, CA: Brooks/Cole.VI. Vygotsky, L. S. (1978). Mind in society: The development of higher psychological processes Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.VII. What selfies are doing to girls' self-esteem. (2019, June 3). Child MindInstitute.https://childmind.org/article/what-selfies-are-doing-to-girls-self-esteem/ Does social media cause depression? (2021, May 10). Child Mind Institute. https://childmind.org/article/is-social-media-use-causing-depression/ The bandwagon effect is why people fall for trends. (n.d.). Verywell Mind. https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-the-bandwagon-effect-2795895

Rotating LED Warning Light with Adjustable Volume Buzzer Alarm (0:05) https://www.adafruit.com/product/5134?utm_source=youtube&utm_medium=videodescrip&utm_campaign=newproducts Tri-Color USB Controlled Tower Light with Buzzer (2:15) https://www.adafruit.com/product/5125?utm_source=youtube&utm_medium=videodescrip&utm_campaign=newproducts Monochrome 1.3" 128x64 SH1106G SPI OLED Monochrome Display (4:15) https://www.adafruit.com/product/5228?utm_source=youtube&utm_medium=videodescrip&utm_campaign=newproducts LSM9DS0 9-DoF IMU Sensor Chip (5:18) https://www.adafruit.com/product/5158?utm_source=youtube&utm_medium=videodescrip&utm_campaign=newproducts SMT 5-Way Directional Joystick / Navigation Switch - 10.5mm x 10mm x 7mm (6:05) https://www.adafruit.com/product/5223?utm_source=youtube&utm_medium=videodescrip&utm_campaign=newproducts TLC551 IC Timer - CMOS 555 with 1V to 15V power, up to 1.8MHz - TLC551CP (6:42) https://www.adafruit.com/product/5222?utm_source=youtube&utm_medium=videodescrip&utm_campaign=newproducts FTDI FT232BL USB to UART Chip - 10 pack (7:40) https://www.adafruit.com/product/5227?utm_source=youtube&utm_medium=videodescrip&utm_campaign=newproducts Adjustable Power Supply w/ 2.1mm / 5.5mm DC - 3V to 24V at 2 Amp (8:28) https://www.adafruit.com/product/5130?utm_source=youtube&utm_medium=videodescrip&utm_campaign=newproducts ANO Directional Navigation and Scroll Wheel Rotary Encoder (9:45) https://www.adafruit.com/product/5001?utm_source=youtube&utm_medium=videodescrip&utm_campaign=newproducts Adafruit ANO Rotary Navigation Encoder Breakout PCB (9:45) https://www.adafruit.com/product/5221?utm_source=youtube&utm_medium=videodescrip&utm_campaign=newproducts ----------------------------------------- Shop for all of the newest Adafruit products: http://adafru.it/new Visit the Adafruit shop online - http://www.adafruit.com Adafruit on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/adafruit LIVE CHAT IS HERE! http://adafru.it/discord Subscribe to Adafruit on YouTube: http://adafru.it/subscribe New tutorials on the Adafruit Learning System: http://learn.adafruit.com/ -----------------------------------------

Rotating LED Warning Light with Adjustable Volume Buzzer Alarm (0:05) https://www.adafruit.com/product/5134?utm_source=youtube&utm_medium=videodescrip&utm_campaign=newproducts Tri-Color USB Controlled Tower Light with Buzzer (2:15) https://www.adafruit.com/product/5125?utm_source=youtube&utm_medium=videodescrip&utm_campaign=newproducts Monochrome 1.3" 128x64 SH1106G SPI OLED Monochrome Display (4:15) https://www.adafruit.com/product/5228?utm_source=youtube&utm_medium=videodescrip&utm_campaign=newproducts LSM9DS0 9-DoF IMU Sensor Chip (5:18) https://www.adafruit.com/product/5158?utm_source=youtube&utm_medium=videodescrip&utm_campaign=newproducts SMT 5-Way Directional Joystick / Navigation Switch - 10.5mm x 10mm x 7mm (6:05) https://www.adafruit.com/product/5223?utm_source=youtube&utm_medium=videodescrip&utm_campaign=newproducts TLC551 IC Timer - CMOS 555 with 1V to 15V power, up to 1.8MHz - TLC551CP (6:42) https://www.adafruit.com/product/5222?utm_source=youtube&utm_medium=videodescrip&utm_campaign=newproducts FTDI FT232BL USB to UART Chip - 10 pack (7:40) https://www.adafruit.com/product/5227?utm_source=youtube&utm_medium=videodescrip&utm_campaign=newproducts Adjustable Power Supply w/ 2.1mm / 5.5mm DC - 3V to 24V at 2 Amp (8:28) https://www.adafruit.com/product/5130?utm_source=youtube&utm_medium=videodescrip&utm_campaign=newproducts ANO Directional Navigation and Scroll Wheel Rotary Encoder (9:45) https://www.adafruit.com/product/5001?utm_source=youtube&utm_medium=videodescrip&utm_campaign=newproducts Adafruit ANO Rotary Navigation Encoder Breakout PCB (9:45) https://www.adafruit.com/product/5221?utm_source=youtube&utm_medium=videodescrip&utm_campaign=newproducts ----------------------------------------- Shop for all of the newest Adafruit products: http://adafru.it/new Visit the Adafruit shop online - http://www.adafruit.com Adafruit on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/adafruit LIVE CHAT IS HERE! http://adafru.it/discord Subscribe to Adafruit on YouTube: http://adafru.it/subscribe New tutorials on the Adafruit Learning System: http://learn.adafruit.com/ -----------------------------------------

Short update review of the legendary Casio DW-290-1V digital watch from the Casio Youth Series. Check out the full comparison review of the "Mission Impossible" DW-290 Vs DW-291H World Time, https://youtu.be/9oOK1eaqvJo * Best deals for Casio DW-290 available on Amazon $37! https://amzn.to/3BAamg9 A fantastic affordable watch you will love in any watch collection. Thanks for listening, Michael, Cool Watch Reviews.

This episode of 1V is anchored on the evolution of a song, music giving life, and a dose of Calif. chron

This week we celebrate the return of sports at Bates after a two-week layoff. Join us as we talk about strong performances from our tennis, rowing and golf programs! Interviews this episode: 1:34 -- Hannah Sweeney '21, Women's tennis captain (Female Bobcat of the Week). 11:26 -- Nick Forester '23, Men's tennis (Male Bobcat of the Week). 25:04 -- Evan Saltman '22, Men's rowing coxswain. 33:29 -- Elizabeth Folsom '21, Women's rowing 1V coxswain. 40:29 -- Alex Voight-Shelley '24, Women's golf medalist at the Bobcat Invitational.

The Idiots talk about surveillance in the US! Where did it come from and when did it get so extensive? Even in the late 20th Century they were worried, but didn't seem to do anything about it. It seems like we're past the snowball and in the avalanche, with companies like Boston Dynamics working with the Intelligence Community and social media being info mines. We'd also like to add the disclaimer in the description as well that what we mean by Deep State may not coincide with what you may think hearing that phrase! We are very specific in that we mean parts of the Military Industrial Complex, the Intelligence Agencies, the politicians in the pockets of these communities, etc. We very much do NOT mean the anti-Semitic, racist, white supremacist definition used by crazy conspiracy theorists to justify their abhorrent and disgusting views. It may not seem like this needs to be said, but we do not want those types of people associating with our content in any way. Thanks for watching! Episode 7 Resource Doc: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1V...​ Nathan: - Twitter @Reincarn_a_t_e - Instagram @NathanielRJ Will: - Twitter @SummyWilliam - Instagram @will_nomorepuns --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/toidiotstalk/support

This week’s reading is Imperialism, the Highest Stage of Capitalism, part 7by Vladimir Ilyich LeninAvailable online here: https://www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1916/imp-hsc/imperialism.pdf[Part 1]I. Concentration of Production and Monopolies[Part 2]II. Banks and Their New Role[Part 3]III. Finance Capital and the Financial Oligarchy[Part 4]IV. Export of CapitalV. Division of the World Among Capitalist Associations[Part 5]VI. Division of the World Among the Great Powers[Part 6]VII. Imperialism as a Special Stage of Capitalism[Part 7 – This Week]VIII. Parasitism and Decay of Capitalism[Part 8]IX. Critique of ImperialismX. The Place of Imperialism in HistoryFigures:1 – 15:22“Population in England and Wales, millions of workers in basic industries and percentage of the population that they make up.”Footnotes:1. 03:52Hobson, op. cit., pp. 59, 62. —Lenin2. 05:40Schulze-Gaevernitz, Britischer Imperialismus, S. 320 et seq. —Lenin3. 05:57Sartorius von Waltershausen, Das volkswirtschaftliche System, etc., Berlin, 1907, Buch IV. —Lenin4. 06:15Schilder, op. cit., S. 393. —Lenin5. 07:00Schulze-Gaevernitz, op. cit., S. 122. —Lenin6. 07:27Die Bank, 1911, 1, S. 10-11. —Lenin7. 12:14Hobson, op. cit., pp. 103, 205, 144, 335, 386. —Lenin8. 13:49Gerhard Hildebrand, Die Erschütterung der Industrieherrschaft und des Industriesozialismus, 1910, S. 229 et seq. —Lenin9. 16:40Schulze-Gaevernitz, Britischer Imperialismus S. 301. —Lenin10. 18:12Statistik des Deutschen Reichs, Bd. 211. —Lenin11. 18:28Henger, Die Kapitalsanlage der Franzosen, Stuttgart, 1913. —Lenin12. 18:42Hourwich, Immigralion and Labour, New York, 1913. —Lenin13. 20:46Briefwechsel von Marx und Engels, Bd. II, S. 290; 1V, 433—Karl Kautsky, Sozialismus und Kolonialpolitik, Berlin, 1907, S. 79; this pamphletwas written by Kautsky in those infinitely distant days when he was still a Marxist. —Lenin14. 23:21Russian social-chauvinism in its overt form, represented by the Potresovs, Chkenkelis, Maslovs, etc., and its covert form (Chkeidze, Skobelev, Axelrod, Martov, etc.) also emerged from the Russian variety of opportunism, namely, liquidationism. —Lenin

Using these 6 Training Variables To Progress Client Workouts, will guarantee their GOAL Many FitPros focus on the tactics of exercises and training systems, but in doing so they totally forget that EFFECTIVE adaptation comes from manipulation of variables. These 6 variables are summed up with the alliteration rule 5Rs and 1V, which makes it super easy to remember In today’s podcast episode Neale and I discuss all 6 training variables and clarify which ones you would focus on changing for specific client goals. Grab the FitPro Sessions Podcast show notes: https://parallelcoaching.co.uk/episode-039-six-training-variables-to-progress-client-workouts Timestamps: 0:30 Introduction to Episode 039 of the FitPro Sessions Podcast 1:00 How to progress client workouts with training variables 2:20 The Principles will never change LISTEN to podcast 024 3:20 The 6 Resistance Training Variables via 5Rs and 1V 4:00 Most people change resistance first, and forget about the others 7:05 Changing the rate of each repetition for more time under tension 8:45 Applying training variables intraset to guarantee overload 10:13 How low can you go? Range of Movement as a training variable 12:55 Manipulating Rest between sets and workouts 15:00 “If he’s not reaching overload you need to change one of the variables” 18:00 Applying rests as a progression to HIIT workouts 18:30 “Training variables can’t be progressed on every session as adaptation hasn’t been achieved” 19:40 Avoid changing too much too soon 21:20 Progressing client workouts using repetitions but staying in the required rep range for the goal 23:48 Volume of training in Kg lifted, number of sets and number of sessions 26:00 Reach out to us and join us in our Inner circle Facebook Group for more guidance and support 27:00 Learning and understanding training variables that progress client workouts are not easy Add structure to your client workouts with our done-for-you templates To help you plan your client sessions, and manage their progress, we have prepared over 34 pre-made document templates. All The Documents & Forms You Need To Set Up & Start Training Clients Immediately (Without The Hassle Of Creating Them From Scratch) https://revision.parallelcoaching.co.uk/fitpro-start-up-kit-details Dedicated to More Hayley “Variables are Key” Bergman Parallel Coaching P.S. You can also find us on the following platforms: Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/parallelcoaching Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/ParallelCoaching Twitter: https://twitter.com/ParallelCoach YouTube: http://bit.ly/2F1Z1bs Download all FitPro Session Shownotes: HERE Listen on Itunes: http://bit.ly/itunes-fitpro-sessions Download on Spotify: http://bit.ly/spotify-fitpro-sessions --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/fitpro-sessions/message

AK Thompson is an author, activist, and social theorist. Over the summer, he came to Interference Archive to speak about his newest book, Premonitions. Drawing on that material, he explored the relationship between citation and social movements and brought out a new understanding of the political role of archivists. For accompanying slides, visit: docs.google.com/presentation/d/1V…/edit?usp=sharing Music: Better Things by Cool Runnings Produced by Interference Archive

We've got Dr Ralph Esposito (or Dr Espo as we like to call him) back on the pod today. We're stoked to have this legend on the show with us again, especially as we're celebrating the bro's this month for Brovember. Today Dr Espo shares his insights on men's health, particularly in areas of prostate care, men's hormones and men's mental health. With his extensive experience as a naturopath, licensed acupuncturist and functional medicine practitioner, Dr Espo is an absolute weapon of knowledge in his field of expertise, so strap yourself in and enjoy the ride.  Mason and Dr Espo bro down on: The link between cortisol and prostate health. High insulin as a driving factor of dis-ease. The risk factors involved in prostrate cancer. Keeping up to date with your GP for regular prostrate exams.  The male hormonal cascades. Testosterone and oestrogen. How the liver supports hormonal balance. The diet and lifestyle interventions a man can embody to prevent testosterone aromatisation. The importance of men's mental health and the shame that often surrounds it. Male "man-o-pause, aka andropause.   Who is Dr Espo? Dr. Esposito is a naturopathic physician, licensed acupuncturist and functional medicine practitioner specializing in Hormones, Integrative Urology and Men's Health. His precise and personalized style embodies a progressive approach to medicine. He has been published and is a peer reviewer in well-respected medical journals. Furthermore, Dr. Esposito has authored several medical textbook chapters and has designed education modules for health professionals specifically on urological conditions, fertility, male and female hormone dysfunction, Low Testosterone, exercise, fitness, men’s health and sexual dysfunction. He has trained at NYU Integrative and Functional Urology Center. Dr. Esposito also holds a position as adjunct professor at New York University where he lectures on integrative medicine.   Resources: Dr Espo Instagram  SuperFeast Deer Antler  SuperFeast Ashwagandha   Q: How Can I Support The SuperFeast Podcast?   A: Tell all your friends and family and share online! We’d also love it if you could subscribe and review this podcast on iTunes. Or  check us out on Stitcher :)! Plus  we're on Spotify!   Check Out The Transcript Here:   Mason:   Dr. Espo, welcome back, man. Dr. Espo:    Wow, thanks so... I can't believe I'm back for almost, what is it, a third time? Mason:    Yeah.... I've never said this before, but you're a friend of the show. Dr. Espo:   Yes. [crosstalk 00:00:19]... I'm the best friend. Mason:   Was it three years ago when we first had our chat over on my old podcast? Yeah, a second time having you here, and we're recording a little bit before, but now we're in Brovember. We're celebrating men's health, I was going to talk to you anyway, but one of the reasons I really wanted to have you on again is because in the last year for Movember... I don't know if everyone knows Movember. I think it's pretty synonymous with November now, you shave off, you grow Mo, and it's all about raising awareness and money for prostate health essentially. Is that right? Dr. Espo:   Yeah, for cancers that impact men. So testicular cancer, prostate cancer, and also male mental health. Mason:   Yeah. Nice. But I'm really awesome, and I learned a lot from you, so if you're not on the Instagram we're doing a lot of sharing of Ralph's posts especially through that last year, November and all the way up until currently. So get over there and look at those because there's heaps of juicy stuff, but we're going to be going into it today as well. And with Brovember, of course, we are going to be focusing, yes, and including those particular cancers that are affecting men, especially going to be looking at prostate health, but we're blowing it out into men's health. Mason:   We're going to be of course talking about mental health as well, but blowing out into like all areas of health that are affecting men. So bro, let's start diving in. Now, of course, prostate health is something that is... I feel we just had a little conversation before about how you're still working in that clinic that you mentioned in the last podcast, which is awesome. And we were saying how, it's a little bit easier for you to get the patient's history, but often it's so incomplete and just how it's one of those things where when you're a bit younger you just don't value your medical history and how it's like, you don't value getting your taxes and finances in order until stuff starts hitting the fan. You go, "Oh shit, yeah, I really got to get on top of this." Mason:   I mean, it's like that with prostate health is one of those things. All we need to do is just get a little bit of insight now, especially if you're a bit older, but when you're young, ideally start really understanding your physiology in your anatomy. So let's dive into prostate health. Do you want to just go start with just jamming with us about what it is and its function? Dr. Espo:   Yeah. So the prostate is a gland that sits beneath the bladder. And if you're a man over the age of 40 or 45, sometimes 50, your doctor has probably stuck his finger in your rectum and did a prostate exam. And it's probably one of the most exciting things that men love to look forward to once they reach 50. But no, and in all honesty, it's an important test to get done because the prostate has... its primary function is for sexual function. It creates a fluid that allows your semen and your sperm to survive to inseminate or to impregnate an egg. Dr. Espo:   Now, it's there your whole life, but as you get older, your prostate can start to enlarge and it also is susceptible to cancer. Now, the great thing about prostate cancer is that most men will die with prostate cancer than from prostate cancer. And the great thing is that it's also typically a very slow growing type of cancer. So what I usually tell men is by the time you're 65, 70 years old, you probably will have some type of prostate cancer cells in your body. That doesn't necessarily mean that they're going to kill you and it doesn't necessarily mean that they're going to be a malignant. Dr. Espo:    But I want to make sure that I'm protecting my body and preventing any type of cancer cells, especially prostate cancer, but any cancer from growing, because it seems to be one of the most prominent cancers in men. So it's a really important cancer to get on top of. And also it's easily to, well I don't want to call it easy, but it's one of the cancers that can be treated rather well compared to other types of cancers like pancreatic. Mason:   And especially, just with lifestyle you mean? Dr. Espo:   Yeah. So for prostate cancer, prostate cancer is largely a cancer of lifestyle. So there are genetic causes that contribute to it. So there is the BRCA gene, which is often associated with breast cancer, but in fact there are individuals who do have a BRCA mutation that can increase their risk of prostate cancer. So whenever I asked a man, speaking of family history, I say, "Hey, what's your family history of prostate cancer?" He might say, "Oh, I had an uncle had prostate cancer. And then I say, "Well what was your family history of breast cancer or ovarian cancer?" Dr. Espo:   And they tell me, "Oh yeah, my mom had breast cancer or my sister had breast cancer." I'm like, okay, that tells me that it's a possibility, although it's not entirely likely not for certain that if your sister had breast cancer, she had a BRCA gene, but if she had a BRCA gene, it's possible that you too, you do as well. And that makes me super vigilant in making sure that your prostate cancer or your potential for prostate cancer is very low to minimum. Dr. Espo:   So we know there's a lot of lifestyle things that increase the risk of prostate cancer. And we know that a plant-based diet, which is really hard to define, but we know that those who eat more leafy greens, berries, fruits like pomegranates, tomatoes, those are the foods that you want to have to protect your prostate and staying away from charred meats. And then you come into the conversation of sleep and then exercise, right? So all of these things together will reduce your risk. And there's a bunch of men who may have the BRCA but don't necessarily get prostate cancer. And I think that's where the lifestyle come into play. Mason:   All right. So then with prostate cancer, you mentioned family. I just wanted to just throw in that, I remember there was a post too about brothers and if your brother has prostate cancer, the percentage going up. And so I obviously in the same family of that, but that was a pretty, that percentage was quite high. It's just worth knowing, I guess. Then let's stay in the preventative world, I guess like everything we've talked about, especially on that last podcast, we've talked a lot about herbs for men's health. Obviously you're not going to be able to focus on any area, whether it's testosterone optimization, sleep, the inclusion of certain herb's and adaptogens like Ashwagandha and Mucuna without largely affecting the prostate gland, I imagine. Is that just, obviously because you've created an environment where harmony can somewhat ensue or is prostate effected by high levels of stress as well or is there no real link there? Dr. Espo:   No. No, no. okay. So a really good follow up question to this is what do you mean by stress? Mason:   Yeah, well that's really great. Are we talking like what in terms of clinical markers, are we talking about hormonal markers with stress, are we talking about like a stealth stress that's in the mind? And that's really, really good distinction there. And I'd love for you to just take it in any way you feel is relevant. Dr. Espo:   Yeah. So when it comes to stressors and prostate cancer, it's almost an arguable to say stress in an umbrella form is not going to be harmful. So in other words, stress is harmful for prostate cancer. And the reason why and most of the time what we see is that individuals who are highly stressed, which is often measured by cortisol because it's one of the major stress hormones. The other ones are the catecholomines like epinephrine, norepinephrine, adrenaline, noradrenaline those are basically our stress hormones. And then you have stress markers like interleukin-1, interleukin-1V, interleukin-6, et cetera, TNF, right? So all of these are markers, they fall within the umbrella of stress. And then they cause inflammation, right? Dr. Espo:   So chronically elevated levels of cortisol can impair your immune system. And there's one immune cell that we know that is super helpful to protect against prostate cancer and those are NK cells, also known natural killer cells. And you're going to love this because mushrooms significantly improve the production of NK cells. It's one of the ingredients in there called AHC C, which is found mostly in mushrooms that increases the synthesis of and NK cells, which are targeted towards cancers and one of the cancers that has most effect on his prostate cancer. So- Mason:   So good. Dr. Espo:   Yeah, so if you wanted to develop an environment for prostate cancer to grow, to thrive, suppress the immune system, throw a bunch of inflammatory markers at it, and then feed it a diet full of sugar and you created a soup that prostate cancer will certainly love. I'm not sure exactly, it's actually hyperinsulinemia. Very, very high insulin levels for long periods of time, which will cause increase in IGF levels will cause prostate cancer cells to grow. It's not just the red meat, charred red meat, it's not just the stress. What I think is the catalyst is the insulin triggered by increased blood sugar, but also insulin can be triggered by increased cortisol levels. Mason:   Can we just jump down the IGF a little bit? I mean, that insulin growth factor is something I've looked into. Especially when I got ask questions because it's obviously in existence in deer antler. A little bit different for us because we're using a deer antler velvet that isn't isolated yet here are a lot of there are a lot of isolated supplements out there with IGF in there. And I saw that it was pretty non conclusive with deer antler at least. But I was like, I couldn't say in terms of whether it was going to be an aggravator in those instances where... Even if there's a susceptibility and women asking as well in terms of having that same gene that makes them prone to breast cancer. I don't know if you've got any take on it? Dr. Espo:   So is the question, does IGF, or exogenous IGF cause or is a major contributing factor to cancers? Mason:   Even if it's just like a suspect? Yeah. Something like... Whether you know that or whether it's something you suspect? Dr. Espo:   Yeah. So I think it's not just the IGF. Right... So a measure of IGF is growth hormone.... sorry. IGF is a measure of growth hormone. So you can measure growth hormone in the blood. It's highly inaccurate because it's pulsatile, which basically means growth hormone releasing hormone that tells your pituitary to release growth hormone. And that happens at various times throughout the day. So if you were to just take a random check of your growth hormone, that doesn't give you much information because it's just what was your growth hormone on November 2nd at 8:24 AM in the morning, right? Mason:   Yeah. Dr. Espo:   But IGF has a longer half-life and last longer. So by looking at IGF, you can look at growth hormone. And by understanding what growth hormone does to certain cancer cells, obviously causes them to grow, but there's a curve on it and it's we're at very low growth hormone levels the risk of Alzheimer's and cancers increase or high as you increase growth hormone, those things decrease. So the risk of cancers and Alzheimer's and chronic diseases decrease as you start giving more growth hormone. It's a super physiologic level. So very high levels of growth hormone, the risk goes up again. Mason:   Got ya. Dr. Espo:   It's like a U-shaped curve. Mason:   Okay. Dr. Espo:    And so when you tell me, does IGF cause cancer, number one, I'll never tell you that something causes cancer, but can it promote? Well, it depends on the environment that you are in. So there's a lot of bodybuilders who just take straight up insulin. I would say that is a higher risk for certain types of cancers. Actually, we know insulin can increase the risk of cancers. So I would say when you have to weigh the risk per verses benefit and really understand what is the relative risk, let's just put it into perspective of having a Snickers bar, it's probably more likely to increase your risk of developing a cancer promoting environment than deer antler or taking an exogenous type of supplement that might increase your own endogenous production. Mason:   Yeah, man. Then that's the getting a like a... I always like to play around in the buffer of having a herb or is this a much an extent even like supplementation and minerals and all that kind of stuff within the whole form, majority of the time it gives you that buffer. But I like that man. It's cool. Thanks for giving me that perspective on that. And so with prostate health and when we get into testing, can you just jam a little bit about the PSA testing and just any myths around that and how we can actually be grounded and levelled and responsible in terms of how we're testing and then managing enlarged prostates or prostate cancer. If we get to that point at which we hopefully obviously don't because we're on the prevention bandwagon. Dr. Espo:   Right. I was just having this conversation with a colleague the other day and a patient, and they're like, "Well, my doctor said I shouldn't test PSA." So okay, so you're 54 years old, your insulin levels at 18, which is high, your fasting insulin is that 18 typically it could be less than like 10 or nine. That's micro units per milliliter, and your doctor's telling me that there's really no point of testing PSA. So what else are you going to do to screen this guy to make sure he doesn't get prostate cancer? I'll just do a rectal exam. Those are highly insensitive. So basically the risk or the chance of you catching a prostate cancer on a rectal exam, if you are not a urologist is close to like 40% or 50% of the time. Mason:   What have you got?... Obviously you've just got specialized training with urology. What are you particularly looking for? Just the feel? Dr. Espo:   Just what you're feeling for. Mason:   Yes. Dr. Espo:   Right. So what's your feeling for is a nodule, you're feeling... So what I usually tell people is like if you make a fist, right, a normal- Mason:   Don't tell me that's how you test? (laughing) Then you're doing it wrong. Dr. Espo:   What kind of medical school did you go to? Okay. So if you are a urologist or a doctor and what's your feeling for is if you make a fist with your left hand, the palm, the left part of your hand, like at the bottom of your thumb, your femur eminence is a normal prostate. If you go on the opposite side of the culture to your pinky side, that's a boggy prostate. That's usually an enlarged prostate. And then you feel your knuckle. That's prostate cancer. So really hard is prostate cancer, normal buoyancy is.. Normal prostate and then really like just soft and mushy is more, more like an enlarged prostate. So that's when you do a DRE, what we call a DRE was a digital rectal exam. Dr. Espo:   You're trying to see, number one, what is the size? Is it large or small? Do I feel any nodules? Is the median sulcus there? Which is like a little indentation, like a Walnut is that there? If that's not there, then that means the process is getting bigger. And then you obviously check for tenderness. So if I press it, does it hurt? Prostate cancer typically doesn't hurt, but prostatitis will. So if you're telling me that your PSA is elevated at seven, but you're telling me a burns on your pee and when you ejaculate, you're having pain, probably a prostatitis probably an infection or a chronic non bacterial prostatitis I'm less inclined to think that that's a prostate cancer also depends on your age. Mason:   How would you, [crosstalk 00:17:56]. Dr. Espo:   So let's say you had. Mason:   Sorry. Dr. Espo:   Had- Mason:   No, no, no, I was just going to say with prostatitis, in terms of treatment do you go about that with just a different, you're just like case by case or do you have a protocol? Dr. Espo:   It depends on the type of bacteria that's found. So you can do a.. Basically you could do a urine test or you can do a prosthetic massage test. So you'll get a urine test, test that then you palpate the prostate. So you basically press the prostate, try to get a sample from that and then see if there's any type of bacteria that are growing there. Mason:   Right. Got you. Dr. Espo:   So then that'll determine what the therapy will be. Now, look, you don't always have to go with antibiotics, but it depends on the duration and how bad it is. Now sometimes you'll find the bacteria with a person who is asymptomatic. And I would say, I don't know if we really need to go ahead and aggressively go after this, but it depends on the individual. My concern with a non-treated prostatitis or a prostate infection, is it becoming a chronic non-bacterial infection. And I see that all the time because you have a lot of urologists are, a lot of men won't go to the doctor. So if you're listening to this podcast, please, if you take nothing else from this, just go to the doctor and get a checkup. Just have your doctor examine you. Dr. Espo:   So men won't go to the doctor, at the end when it's all resolved or they're feel like they're okay two months later, they're in chronic pain and there's no bacteria there because that bacteria has caused so much inflammation to the nerves and the prostate tissue that they can't recover. So as a naturopathic physician, my last option is an antibiotic, but it doesn't necessarily mean I'm completely opposed to it. Right. Because we then have to consider, like for example, if you're a 95-year-old woman who has a BMI of 17, and you have the pneumonia, I'm not giving you, oregano oil, go on antibiotics because your risk of dying is very high. So I take that approach with it. But certainly there are herbs that can be used that are natural antibacterial, antifungal, antiparasitic herbs that can help fight a prostate infection. The issue is that the prostate is such a hard area to reach. Mason:   Yeah. Have you looked at other ways besides orally like have you in terms of suppositories or enemas or anything like that? Dr. Espo:   Yeah. So those antibacterial herbs will not cross the colon or the rectum to get to the prostate. But there is research showing that the probiotics that colonize your colon will also colonize your prostate. Mason:   Like bifidus? Dr. Espo:   It depends on, I'm not sure which strain it was, but I know that when they gave individuals, whatever strains that they were giving them as a probiotic, it changed the flora in their prostate as well. Mason:   Okay. Wow. Dr. Espo:   So they do communicate and those nerves also communicate. So the nerves that impact your prostate also are impacting your rectum and your colon. So the first thing I ask men, well, who have our prostate chronic prostatitis. I asked them, "Well, are you eating dairy and are you constipated?" I look at those two things. I say, well, you're probably, if you're constipated, you're probably causing irritation to those nerves, which will also cause irritation to the prostate. Mason:   Yeah. Right. Okay. So you get that colon connection there. Big time with the prostate. Right. Okay. Well let's- Dr. Espo:   Speaking of the PSA, yes you can... I would check PSA. I checked PSA density, so I check how high is the PSA compared to the prostate? So just put it in comparison. A small prostate should make very little PSA and the large prostate will probably make a little bit more. But if you have a small prostate and your PSA is high, I'm more concerned than if you have a big prostate and your PSA is high. Mason:   Okay. What ages are you recommending going and getting checked? Dr. Espo:    It depends. So you know, you were discussing if you have a brother your risk of prostate cancer goes up. Typically, if a man has a first degree family member with prostate cancer, I'm screening them at about 40. Mason:   Okay. Dr. Espo:   Right. And that is only to get a baseline. Mason:   Yeah. Right. Dr. Espo:   Especially 40 if they're black or African American. All right. Mason:   Yeah. African Americans are really prone to prostate cancer, right? Dr. Espo:   They are more prone to prostate cancer than- Mason:   African, like those African genetics. Dr. Espo:   African or African American or black will typically have a higher risk of prostate cancer. They actually have a higher risk of aggressive prostate cancer. And that's the prostate cancer that you want to kill. Mason:   Is that because I know that folks.. African folks are a little bit more susceptible to kidney deficiencies as well. Dr. Espo:   Kidney again, so... Mason:   Kidney deficiency in general. I mean, and I don't know if that's obviously in proximity might be a little bit of a connection. I don't know? Dr. Espo:   Yeah. I haven't thought about it in that aspect. It's something that I think you should look into. I haven't thought about it that way. Mason:   I mean, I haven't really either. That's kind of like just a little bit of a hobby looking at the elemental deficiency, constitutional stuff that comes out of Taoism and classical Chinese medicine. But I'll look into it. I'll put it on the list Ralph. Mason:   And then when once you get past those inflammatory conditions and you start edging towards the realms of their being prostate cancer, how do you then gauge, when is it time to intervene using whether it's palpitation, PSA levels, age, so on and so forth. When is the surgeries rife? Right? People are getting rushed into prostate surgery. And there's like a lack of appropriateness. It's like none of you ever like practice much martial arts, but there's one thing you'd learn is an appropriate reaction to the stimulus, right? So if it's just a drunk friend, it's just like, cool, we'll just get him down. It's not an appropriate time to be breaking arms or choking out or anything like that. Mason:   And that seems like the word cancer is thrown in someone's face and it's like no matter what type it is, it's like that same reaction having a very intense reaction to just a drunk friend that just needs to be cuffed a little bit. And I know some prostate cancers could definitely be aggressive. I'm obviously curious, I'm not an expert in the area, but what's appropriate action? Is rushing into surgery necessary? Are the levels of surgeries going on necessary. Is everyone getting hysterical about it? Let's dive in. Dr. Espo:   I am so happy you asked that question because I don't if your viewers, obviously your viewers can't see the smile on face right now because I love that question. And you should actually just take a screenshot and just say, this is how Ralph is smiling. Mason:   Oh, don't worry. We've got the video recording as well. So guys, you can jump over on Instagram TV or YouTube and catch the video. Dr. Espo:   Let me make sure my hair's good. Mason:   Yeah. I should've told you that. Dr. Espo:   Okay. So I love this question because there are different types or grades or ratings of prostate cancer. So we usually rate prostate cancer based on something we call a Gleason, right? So a Gleason is a score that a pathologist will take a prostate tissue and say this patient has a Gleason. So the Gleason score is one to five, and you get two scores, so to a some of 10. So the pathologist can look at one set of cells and say this is a Gleason five, like that's really aggressive, poorly differentiated, this is a bad looking cancer. And then they can look at another one and say, well this one's also a Gleason five. This is also really poorly differentiated, really aggressive. You are a Gleason 10. Dr. Espo:   I've seen a dozen of those where it's just like there is no option here. You have to have your prostate removed because this is really, really bad. So now the AUA, the American Urological Association suggest that prostatectomy or prostate surgery should be considered when you have a Gleason six or above... I'm sorry, a Gleason seven or above is when you should start considering that. A Gleason six is borderline. So I'm a little bit of the thought that you should really take in the totality of the presentation. So number one is how quickly has the prostate level been increasing? So if you went from prostate level of one to two to three to four over four years, I'm concerned, that's increasing quite, quite rapidly. Or if you're going to one to two, to four to eight, that's a doubling time. That's extremely risky. So that's something you take into consideration. Dr. Espo:   Then you do something called The 4KScore and a 4KScore takes into consideration four different types of PSA. So when you get a regular PSA scores, you're giving you total PSA, you could also do free PSA and then The 4K add two more PSAs. And those, you have an algorithm, when you take into consideration and you include all of them, you get a score and if the score is above seven, your risk of having an aggressive prostate cancer is high. But if your score is less than seven, 7%, then your risk of having an aggressive prostate cancers is lower. So I used that as a consideration as well. Dr. Espo:   Then you look at family history and then you look at diet and lifestyle. Like if you smoked and if you drank and if you ate like crap and you have this family history and you had a Gleason six, I'm probably going to tell you, you know what, let's be very, very aggressive with this. Then I would say we should do MP-MRI, which is called a Multi-parametric MRI, which is a very, very specific and very advanced MRI that can look at your prostate and identify nodules very, very clearly and then also identify how risky they are for prostate cancer. Dr. Espo:   So your question was very simple, but it's a very complex scenario and algorithm. And essentially what it comes down to is urologists are a little bit more, they're really a bit more excited to do surgery because look, their thought is, well, if I see a sign of cancer, let me just get rid of it so there's very little to no risk. Rather than saying, Oh, let me just watch it. But a lot of men don't want to have prostatectomies, they don't want their prostate removed because it can lead to incontinence. It can lead to erectile dysfunction. It can lead to chronic pain and it's not a cure.... Dr. Espo:   If you miss a little bit of your prostate during the surgery, there's a risk of it coming back. Now, it depends on if it's spread or not, but I've seen men who get a prostate removed, their PSA is zero and then two years later their PSA is at like 0.8 and I'm like, huh. Point eight is low, but it's high if you don't have a problem with prostate. There are some breast cancers that can cause a PSA to increase, but that's like a canary in a coal mine. So you have to take all of these things into consideration. Dr. Espo:   What I usually tell men is see two urologists and then see a integrative naturopathic functional medicine doctor who understands urology, who understands prostate cancer so they can really just be your quarterback and show you, "This is the whole picture. I'm not here to remove your prostate and I'm also not here. I'm also here to make sure you live forever. I have your best interests in mind. I don't have your pros... You know, the surgery is not my best. It's not in my best interest. So let me give you my, you know, 40,000 foot view." Mason:   Are urologists often surgeons as well? Dr. Espo:   Yes. Most of the time they are, there are urologists who don't do surgery, but most of the time they do. Mason:    [inaudible 00:31:07] Yeah. So what do they call them? Scalp jockeys. Dr. Espo:   I can't remember that. Mason:   I get it. If you've got a particular skill and you've been trained in a particular way, you want to play the safe game, but is it the safe game longterm, they don't have to be there 20 years from now with you when you don't have a prostate, so. Dr. Espo:   Right. Mason:   So man, thanks for that. Such good information. Really good. It's bringing up a lot of reminders for me, I can make sure I'm staying onto it, but especially, just being able to have this information to share with like family members fathers and all that. So it's like, yeah. Awesome. Now testosterone levels in general we've talked about in the last pod how we don't necessarily, we're not necessarily aiming to just have like through the roof testosterone levels that, having it in levels we can't even prove that increased levels are going to relate to like super increased output and it's generally just making sure that it's not bottomed out or super excessive. Is there an association between testosterone levels and prostate issues? First of I'll ask you that quick snappy question Dr. Espo:   Prostate issues as a totality of prostate cancer? Mason:   Well, just as a totality. Dr. Espo:   So increased dihydrotestosterone and its metabolites can increase your risk of enlarged prostate and some type of prostate cancers, but it's not the testosterone that is the issue. So I answered your short question with a short answer, but if you really want me to go in, I can. Mason:   Yeah. Well let's go. What's the issue there? Because obviously beyond prostate health, this is going to have a huge effect on our overall health. Dr. Espo:   Yeah. So what we've found is that the dihydrotestosterone, there's a beta and an alpha metabolite we call 3 alpha diol and 3 beta diol. And those are metabolites of DHT, and DHT alone can bind to androgen receptors, it binds to androgen receptors with a significantly increased affinity compared to testosterone. That's why a lot of men who take testosterone and they get acne or they get alopecia. So they lose their hair. That's because of the androgen gen receptors. So it has all to do androgen receptor sensitivity. Mason:   Really? They get alopecia from testosterone therapy? Dr. Espo:   Yeah, they certainly can. Yep. But then you have to look at the DHT and its metabolites. And the literature shows that the metabolites, these alpha and beta dial metabolics of DAC combined two estrogen receptors, and if the estrogen receptors that can cause the prostate to become poorly differentiated. So there's SGO receptors that cause the prostate to grow largely, but not maliciously. And then there's estrogen receptors that cause the prostate to grow maliciously. And it's the metabolites of the HT that bind to those receptors that cause it to grow maliciously, malignantly cause it to grow, what we say poorly differentiated, which then will cause the prostate to be more prone to prostate cancer. Mason:   So is it estrogen mimicking? Dr. Espo:   It's not estrogen mimic? Well, that an interesting question. Is it estrogen mimicking? I guess if you had defined estrogen mimicking as the ability to bind to estrogen receptors, then yes, it would. Mason:   All right. Are those are the same... I don't know much about these pathways, but always what sticks in my head is 16 alpha hydroxy estrone being one that is turning on that I don't know if this is like a bit generalized, but the genes that can lead to prostate and breast cancer, is that kind of in that realm of those receptors that have been here? Dr. Espo:   Different, actually a little bit different. So it's the four hydroxy metabolite of estrogen, so the 4OH estrogone that is more detrimental. And what it does, it causes DNA adducts. So actually, it does bind to estrogen receptors, but it actually goes into the nucleus, bind to your DNA and breaks up these DNA bonds and causes DNA adducts. So it genuinely destroys your DNA directly, whereas the two hydroxy estrogone is less likely to do that, is a little bit more protective and is has a lower affinity to make DNA adducts. Dr. Espo:   And a great way to get rid of four hydroxy estrogone and two hydroxy estrogone is with methylation. And as you know with the Dutch test, which I just think it's an exceptional test, you can test those metabolites in your urine and you can also see how much of that is be converted to the methylated forms. And that'll tell you, are you capable of getting rid of these things if and when you are exposed to them. Mason:   Cool. Okay, great. I mean, yeah, like we love Carrie. And I think the ladies have had it. We've recommended Dutch tests a lot, but of course, guys, and I'm really feeling it. I don't know, I'd love to get in there myself and get some actual, there's some real live panels going, so worth going and doing. But so I mean, this is something that comes around to springtime at the moment here. It's liver season and we just naturally go in there and just increase those methylators and whether it's just the B12 and betaine''ss and broccoli's and MSM, methylsulfonylmethane and so on and so forth. Just I guess really good to just get in there and clean house as well. The cruciferous vegetables. Right? Dr. Espo:   Absolutely. And I think beyond that is why not just get it at the source and prevent your body from aromatizing all of this testosterone into estrogen, into E1. Mason:   So then we do go into the conversation of aromatase inhibitors. I mean, I know a favorite is nettle root? I guess like a passion flower kind of fits in there. Dr. Espo:   Passion flower has crisen in it. Yep. Mason:   Okay. And that's, and that's what's causing that action? Dr. Espo:   Yes, it is. Doses have to be very high, however. A high dose will be- Mason:   On which level? Dr. Espo:   Of crisen. Mason:   Of crisen, okay. Dr. Espo:   Of crisen. So the doses have to be higher because it's absorbed pretty poorly. So there is one company, I don't know the name of it but they do like liposomal and- Mason:   Livon it. Is it those guys, the little satchels? The little- Dr. Espo:   I don't remember. What was it called? Mason:   L-I-V-O-N. Livon. Dr. Espo:   I don't remember. That might be them. I don't use very much. What I do is I try to establish a lifestyle that prevents you from aromatizing because I think that has a larger impact. It's kind of like taking a piss in the ocean. If you.. If you try to take a piss in the ocean, it feels like you're doing something, but in the grand scheme of things, you're really not doing too much. So I think making sure you're having a low insulin type of diet or diet that is not conducive to hyperinsulinemia and I bet is void or limited and alcohol because alcohol will induce aromatase enzyme. You exercise and keep body fat down and weight train and keep your anaerobic activity high so that you can induce growth hormone and testosterone and keep cortisol levels down because those are the things that will push you to aromatase. Mason:   Speaking of training, man, you're looking good. Dr. Espo:   Oh yeah. I actually injured my shoulder recently. So my- Mason:   So you're like this is nothing? Dr. Espo:   You don't look so big anymore. I said, yeah, because all I could do is work out my legs. So I said, "Give me till the summer. I'll have a bottom just like J-Lo. Mason:   I notice how jacked curves we're looking. In terms of training, just briefly... your life revolves around the optimization often, and therefore you've been a men's health specialist. It's like a very, very relevant for us to take a peak into the routine. What type of training you're doing, and then off the back of that, just have you got any supplements and things that you've taking around your training routine would just be like really nice to just get an insight. And you say a lot on the Instagram, so I'll say it for you. You don't say that what you take, everyone should take. So this is just Dr.Espo's routine. Dr. Espo:   Yeah, this is my own personal routine. So my type of training revolved around weight training with very little rest. I don't do a lot of power lifting. I'm not trying to be the world's strongest man. And my goal of training is to induce an anaerobic response to increase lactic acid in a very short period of time in order to induce an optimal hormonal response. Because we do know that lactic acid in a very short burst will cause your body and your lighting cells to make more testosterone. That we know that is the mechanism by which we think weight training increases testosterone. So that's number one. Dr. Espo:   I don't do endurance exercise, so you won't catch me running a half marathon. The most, I'll probably run it as a five K because you know, beyond 45 minutes of endurance high intensity or high zone, zone four, zone five or zone, yeah, zone three, zone four type of wei.. Endurance training, you will start increasing cortisol levels at approximately the 45 to 60 minute Mark. So you won't catch me doing that. Instead, I do short bursts of exercise that allow me to increase my aerobic capacity. So that would be like the Airdyne or I'll do like the Tabata type of training as part of my cardio. And then my downtime is yoga and stretching. Dr. Espo:   So I am not a yoga expert. I would love to be because my mobility is crap. But beyond the mobility part, I find that we do need a little bit of... I mean, I live in New York, man. It's intense. It's stimulating. And I think yoga is a great way to just zone yourself out. Mason:   What style of yoga's are you doing? Dr. Espo:   Yeah.And then my supplements are, I do creatine monohydrate. I do beta alanine, I do some branch chain amino acids because I do time restricted feeding. So I typically only eat for about six to eight hours of the day. And if I work out fasting, I want to make sure that I'm optimizing my muscle synthesis. So branching amino acids helped me do that. And then all my other... my herbs, I do rhodiola, ashwagandha I actually do some deer antler as well. I actually, honestly, I love yours. I've noticed the best impact with that. I know a few other companies, I've used it I'm not saying that to brown nose, I actually find your product to be very good. Mason:   Thanks man. Yeah, it's a really good product. I'm really proud of that one. Dr. Espo:   Yeah. And surprisingly, I kind of liked the taste of it, so don't [inaudible 00:43:28]. A lot of people are like, "I hate the taste." I'm like, "Oh, it's actually not that bad." Mason:   Yeah, I agree. Dr. Espo:   And then yeah, that's pretty much it. And then B vitamins and et cetera and fish oil. Mason:   On the fish oil as well. You got to get those omega's in. Dr. Espo:   Yes, absolutely. I do a lot of flax and chia, but I like to get my EPA and DHA straight, so I do that. Mason:   Yeah, of course, man. So good. Hey before, you know, we've gone on for a little bit here, but we've got a while longer for possibly the most important conversation we'll be having in Brovember is around mental health. Suicide levels have been crazy high. Unacceptably high in men, in the Western world. I might just like open... Let's just open that book and dive down. Do you want to just like start us off in this conversation and your work around it? Dr. Espo:   Yeah, I think this is a really important conversation to have because a lot of men don't really realize that one of major killers in men under the age of 30 is suicide or accidents or homicide. And it's really important to discuss because approximately 20% of all accidents and injuries are due to suicide in men, depending on your age. So usually from like 20 to about 35 is when you're at the highest risk. And as you get older, that risk tends to decrease. But I really want to emphasize the fact that mental health is super important and it's important because you need to know when you're not well, and it's okay to say when you're unwell. I think there's a little bit of a stigma around saying you're mentally fatigued or anxious or depressed or moody, right? Dr. Espo:   It's like, no, only women can be moody around their period. Like, no, that's bullshit. Number one, not all women are moody around their period and men can be moody too. So it's okay to say that you're feeling that way. And certainly it's a life risk factor for young men. And I actually see it a lot more because I see more men, but you see young men who have the pressures of being like their dad or being like they're superheroes, right? And they want to do performance enhancing drugs and they want to take testosterone and they want to do all these things to improve their appearance or the way they appear to social media, right? But in the inside, all that shit is fake. Mason:   It's all fake. Dr. Espo:   It's all fake. My Instagram feed when you go into the search has bunch of guys like with six pack abs, eat this, not that have this to lose body fat. Like not everybody is like that. Mason:   Well, and that's the thing about training. I mean... Dan Sipple, who introduced us, he was on the podcast and we were talking around about the shame sometimes that we have around building testosterone at this point. And really coming into this place where we're really potentiating ourselves, especially if you are aware of just how stupidly superficial and boofy, the #Gains Instagram fitness world is that doesn't necessarily seem to have much intention. Mason:   And I think the other thing around these physical trainings is they're not embedded in a philosophy that has any ancient roots or any genuine intention that a human, a healthy human would have towards being just a beautiful person for themselves and community and have longevity in the way that they are, that they can continue just to, right up into the end, be able to have a chuckle and stay you know, contributing beautiful person. Mason:   And so I think it's always important to realize how detrimental all that stuff is to mental health. And then where I found myself in when having my identity crisis. I wasn't in the bodybuilding kind of world, but I was definitely in the excessive health world that leads you down towards more orthorexia in obsession with what I was eating. But then you start getting into this like exasperation of like, if it's not about that identity crisis, if it's not about that, what is it about? Mason:   And if there is that, well if they're, there's is, as I said, there's a that quagmire, which seems to not be, you can't on the mesh that desire to potentiate your physicality and be a robust human without associating with that part of yourself that historically had the identity wrapped so far up and in high up in those gains equaling you being a quality human or being someone that is worthy. And so I feel like that conversation is being had more and more. But not real question, I'll throw it back over to you now. I'm not necessarily the answer or anything, but yeah, you just brought that reflection up in me. Dr. Espo:   Yeah. I mean I don't think there is an answer. I think the answer is just make sure you take care of yourself. You do need self care. You can't be macho and tough all the time. I meditate every morning. If I'm feeling down, I tell my girlfriend or I tell my family, "I'm not feeling well right now. Like I'm not doing okay." "Well why?" "Because I'm not sleeping or I'm stressed out over this." It's okay to say those things because they're there to help you and you need help sometimes. We can't be expected... just piggybacking on what you said, humans, we are social animals, we are group animals, and we do well when we have support and that's just how we've evolved. And we've seen this for centuries of just human culture and it's typically when we become supporting each other as when we can achieve the most. Dr. Espo:   No one person has basically taken credit for the greatest inventions in the world, right? It's always been a collaborative process. And your health should be viewed the same way. If you want optimal health, it should be a collaborative process. So make sure you have the right social support, make sure you have the right access to foods, make sure you have the right access to doctors and physicians and therapists and acupuncturists and trainers and all of those, whatever you need. But build your clan so that it can support you. Don't expect to do this on your own. Dr. Espo:   And I think that's the most important part about mental health is like, we do see a lot of mental health issues in today's society and we do see a lot of gun shootings. And whether that's a result of media or whatever it is, it doesn't matter. It's still exists and we should aware that it's manageable before it gets to that point. Mason:   Couple of things just in terms of you talking to your family and just kind of say like, I'm not doing so well, not sleeping, not doing. I think the whole stigma around when men finally get to that point where they have to go down. It's like with the man flu, it's like tough and burly, hold on tough, tough, tough, tough. She'll be right, mate. And then if you do need to really go down, if you get the flu, the only way you can justify it as a lot of the time is to go into like victim and really sooky mode. Mason:   And what you're talking about and just like has been really significant in my life is when you are asked like how you're doing, people who are close to you, of course you have to go around to saying it to strangers. But not needing it to be like really super charged and not necessarily needing to so much significance and victim- hood into it. Mason:   Just being kind of like, how healthy it is just to release the pressure and just be like, "Yeah, not so great at the moment. I've just been like sad and I've been going down every now and then and not feeling like I have much motivation. I can't really see a point, whatever you know of. Although those are very significant feelings and you go and talk to someone. Even if it is like if it's not like a massive, big thing, just having like a real, it's almost a nonchalant sharing with your family. It doesn't have to come from like victimhood, but you don't have to do anything with them. You don't have to solve anything. It's just that gentle sharing consistently what you're feeling is really significant Dr. Espo:   And it can make you feel better. Mason:   Yeah. Dr. Espo:   And that's really what we want. We just want you to be well, and just by saying it, "I'm not feeling so great right now." It's like, Oh, okay. I've been able to come to terms with that. Well, that's what meditation is, right? But I meditate every day. I'm thinking about a million different things while I'm meditating. But I still come back to my thought. I'm like, okay, I am thinking about those things, therefore I can overcome them and overthink them. Same thing about expressing your feelings. Mason:   Yeah, that's significant in terms of many different styles of meditation, many different ways that you can practice and have reflection in the morning. But what you are speaking to is very simple, yet profound and almost can't be captured in one particular practice because it's synonymous with a healthy human who's giving yourself space to be like, ah, you know what? You would've just gone and distracted yourself all day. However, that obviously is very important to me and it's triggering a pattern and it's going to be playing out through my day. Maybe I can grab it and do something about it. That's so good, man. Hey, is there anything else you wanna say on that? Dr. Espo:   No, I think we've hit all the right points. I just want men to know, you know, it's, we all feel that. Mason:   Oh yeah, we do. I just went and had a recently at a good psychological little clean out to put it in a jovial sense. But I just went and had a week offline doing a bit of that work and feel all better for us and all the benefit of not having to do it on the sly and in the shadows. Dr. Espo:   Absolutely. Mason:   I'll let you go in a second. I just wanted to just quickly end on andropause. I know this is probably a huge conversation, but I know we probably have a somewhat of a handle on what it is, but can I just ask you from your perspective, what is andropause and what is it in very much if you want to get like energetic and spiritual about what it is for human, I'd kind of feel in that way. It's obviously a bridging, but physiologically I assume everything we've talked about is going to help us maintain an easy transition. But what can we prepare for and look out for in ourselves or when we're observing family members going through it? Dr. Espo:   Yeah. I think in essence andropause or mano-pause or whatever you want to call it, is the point at which men start experiencing a change in their hormones. Similar to female menopause except female menopause typically happens sometimes like this, just like your hormones drop. Whereas men, I think after the age of 30, they lose about 1.1 to like 1.6% of their testosterone per year. All right. So it seems very slow progress and essentially it's a point in which a man feels less like his 20 or 30-year-old self. And it's a psychological experience. It's a physiological experience. Sex drive is lower. They don't recover from poor sleep as well. They don't recover from poor diet as well. They have more aches and pains from weight training. They're really sore after and they have sexual dysfunction and things like that. Dr. Espo:   That is what... and then obviously they have low testosterone levels. They don't have low testosterone levels to be in menopause or andropause. So it's essentially a period in a man's life as to which they are experiencing these things, which can be contributed to low testosterone, but it doesn't have to happen when you're 50. So it can happen younger, but that we just call that hypogonadism or low testosterone or testosterone deficiency. But it can happen when you're like 70, and that's a normal response because over time your fertility does decrease and your brain does become fatigued if you're under the chronic stress of 70 years. Dr. Espo:   So it's something that occurs frequently, but it's not necessarily normal. Like menopause, female menopause is a normal physiologic response. But with men, that doesn't have to be that way. And I think it's largely a lifestyle issue that's comorbid with obesity and metabolic syndrome and high insulin levels and weight gain and et cetera. Mason:   Wow. So, yeah. Right. So it's like, it's just a little bit of a wake up call away then. Dr. Espo:   Yeah. It's like, Hey, something's wrong here. The first thing I usually come in, the first thing to go is your sexual dysfunction. And when you notice that your penis isn't working as well, that should be a sign to say, all right, let me get on top of this because something's wrong. Mason:   So I mean, it's almost like at that, when you kind of exit that lifespan and enter into that death span, right? Like I imagine it's that same like you've in a Taoist perspective, you've basically burned through your Jing and you therefore don't have the ability to maintain and manage, the function of the skeletal system, bone marrow and androgens. Right? Dr. Espo:   Right. Exactly. So, in Chinese medicine, it's a Jing deficiency. Mason:   All right. I love it. And it just the fact that andropause is a wake up call and you can start getting on top of your health now integrating all these things that we're talking about and not have to go through that process. You can give yourself a wake up calls in other ways that aren't as intense. Dr. Espo:   Right. Mason:   All right. Man, I love it. I really appreciate you coming on for Brovember and laying all this down. I know everyone else does. But let's tune in. Obviously you've got areas that you're deeply researching. Make sure you let me know when you start cracking into something like really new and juicy. Hit me up and we'll go for around four. Dr. Espo:   You got it, man. Mason:   I recommend everyone go and follow you on Insta. You really rocking it even just going back to your story highlights, you've got like a heaps of really deep information on there. Are you Dr. Ralph Espo, is that right? Dr. Espo:   It's dr.ralphesposito. Mason:   All right, Doc, I will put it in the show notes as well. And website? Dr. Espo:   Right now it's just Instagram. That is under development. Mason:   Okay. Sweet. Thanks so much, bro. Dr. Espo:   (Thanks man. Thanks for having me. 

Juan F. Valtierra is a choreographer/dancer, photographer, videographer, hip hop artist, and producer known as 1V on the TRACK. http://1vonthetrack.comhttps://soundcloud.com/1vonthetrackhttps://facebook.com/1VONTHETRACKhttps://instagram.com/1vonthetrackhttps://youtube.com/channel/UC8WkRe3YgCW6GEPQC4HAEzg https://mobqc.comhttps://facebook.com/mobqchttps://instagram.com/mobqchttps://twitter.com/mobqc_ Intro/Outro Song: "Closed Circuit Karma" by Mill City Mob© Minds Obliterating Boundaries LLC

El ADS1115 es un convertidor analógico digital ADC de 16-bit que puede resultar muy útil para ciertos proyectos con Arduino y ESP8266.Aunque las placas de Arduino suelen tener algún convertidor analógico digital ADC incorporado, el ADS1115 tiene más funcionalidades y más resolución.Por ejemplo, el Arduino UNO incorpora 6 ADC de 10-bit sin embargo el ADS1115 tiene una resolución de 16-bit.Por otro lado, al utilizar un convertidor analógico digital ADC externo, conseguirás liberar al procesador.En el caso del ESP8266, sólo incorpora un convertidor analógico digital de 10-bit que mide en el rango de 0V y 1V. Esto hace que la conversión dependa de las resistencias que se utilicen para hacer el divisor de tensión.Utilizando el ADS1115 ganarás bastante en precisión y calidad de conversión.La comunicación entre el convertidor analógico digital externo ADS1115 y Arduino o ESP8266 es a través de I2C.Todo esto es lo que irás viendo en este tutorial pero antes, déjame que te muestre qué es analógico, digital y el convertidor analógico digital.Más información en https://programarfacil.com/blog/arduino-blog/ads1115-convertidor-analogico-digital-adc-arduino-esp8266/

#794 Uma outra dimensaoLeitura: Marcos 9:1Vídeo: https://youtu.be/5P6uW-AlJagQuando Jesus diz aos discípulos que alguns deles “de modo nenhum experimentarão a morte, antes de verem o Reino de Deus vindo com poder” (Mc 9:1), eles devem ter achado que o Reino seria estabelecido ainda no tempo de vida deles. Por isso encontramos outros dois discípulos desapontados caminhando para Emaús, sem reconhecerem Jesus ressuscitado caminhando ao lado deles. Lucas 24:15-21 conta como foi:“[Jesus] lhes perguntou: ‘Sobre o que vocês estão discutindo enquanto caminham?’. Eles pararam, com os rostos entristecidos... ‘O que aconteceu com Jesus de Nazaré... Os chefes dos sacerdotes e as nossas autoridades o entregaram para ser condenado à morte, e o crucificaram; e nós esperávamos que era ele que ia trazer a redenção a Israel’.”.Ao dizer que alguns veriam “o Reino de Deus vindo com poder” Jesus não disse que o fato em si aconteceria no tempo de vida deles na terra. Se eu digo que vi cenas da 2ª Guerra Mundial isto não significa que eu já existia quando elas aconteceram. Na época eu nem tinha nascido, mas a tecnologia permite que eu veja as batalhas numa tela em três dimensões.Ao falar daquele que teme a Deus, Isaías diz: “Seus olhos verão o Rei em seu esplendor” (Is 33:17). O apóstolo Pedro, um dos três presentes na transfiguração de Jesus, contaria mais tarde como viu “o Rei em seu esplendor”, como se a cortina do tempo e do espaço tivesse sido rasgada diante deles para mostrar outra dimensão. Em 2 Pedro 1:17-18 ele escreve: “Ele recebeu honra e glória da parte de Deus Pai, quando da suprema glória lhe foi dirigida a voz que disse: ‘Este é o meu filho amado, em quem me agrado’. Nós mesmos ouvimos essa voz vinda do céu, quando estávamos com ele no monte santo.”.João, que esteve no monte, voltaria a ver Cristo glorificado, como conta em Apocalipse 1:16-18: “Sua face era como o sol quando brilha em todo o seu fulgor. Quando o vi, caí aos seus pés como morto. Então ele colocou sua mão direita sobre mim e disse: ‘Não tenha medo. Eu sou o primeiro e o último. Sou aquele que vive. Estive morto mas agora estou vivo para todo o sempre!’”. Será possível ver esse mesmo Cristo fulgurante agora mesmo? Sim, com os olhos da fé, como diz em Hebreus 2:9: “Vemos, todavia, aquele que por um pouco foi feito menor do que os anjos, Jesus, coroado de honra e glória por ter sofrido a morte.” Mas só se você crer que Jesus pagou por todos os seus pecados quando ele morreu naquela cruz. See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

#793 Que Reino e' esse?Leitura: Marcos 9:1Vídeo: https://youtu.be/yzHqgc9KmicO capítulo 9 do Evangelho de Marcos traz uma afirmação curiosa de Jesus aos discípulos: “ ‘Garanto-lhes que alguns dos que aqui estão de modo nenhum experimentarão a morte, antes de verem o Reino de Deus vindo com poder’.” (Mc 9:1). Estariam hoje aqueles discípulos vivos esperando pelo estabelecimento do Reino na terra? Não, Jesus não disse que o Reino seria estabelecido no tempo de vida deles, mas apenas que veriam o Reino.Entenda que reino não é um lugar, mas um sistema de governo. Entenda também que as expressões “Reino dos Céus” e “Reino de Deus”, ou simplesmente “Reino”, não são o céu. Se o Reino fosse o céu, Jesus não teria dito que “o Reino dos Céus é como um homem que semeou boa semente em seu campo. Mas enquanto todos dormiam, veio o seu inimigo e semeou o joio no meio do trigo e se foi.” (Mt 13:24). Não existe joio no céu, portanto esse Reino que contêm falsos e verdadeiros é na terra.Outro ponto importante é que o Reino tem mais de um aspecto. Quando Jesus, o Rei prometido a Israel, estava na terra, ele podia dizer: “O Reino de Deus não vem de modo visível, nem se dirá: ‘Aqui está ele’, ou ‘Lá está’; porque o Reino de Deus está entre vocês" (Lc 17:20-21). As versões que trazem “o Reino está dentro de vocês” estão erradas. Naquele momento o Reino estava entre os discípulos porque o Rei estava no meio deles.Mas e depois da morte, ressurreição e ascensão de Jesus? O Reino continuaria na terra por meio de uma representação ou embaixada. Onde estiverem os representantes de um Reino eles são o Reino, por isso uma representação diplomática de qualquer país no Brasil é reconhecida como seu país de origem. Quando você entra num consulado ou embaixada está entrando no país que ela representa e ali vigoram as leis daquele país.Quando acompanhei minha filha ao consulado do Brasil em Nova Iorque para cuidar do registro de seu bebê, uma mulher protestou em voz alta: “ELA ESTÁ FURANDO FILA!”. Expliquei à mulher que mães com bebês têm preferência, mas ela respondeu que a lei vigorava só no Brasil, não nos Estados Unidos. Respondi: “Minha senhora, eu e você não estamos nos Estados Unidos, estamos no Brasil. Isto aqui é território brasileiro”.Após subir ao céu Cristo deixou aqui uma representação formada pelos nascidos de novo que vivem num Reino em mistério, como Jesus o descreveu nas várias parábolas dos capítulos 13 ao 25 do Evangelho de Mateus. O que Jesus está prestes a fazer é mostrar como é o Reino visível. See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

David Blake and Scott Compton give personal opinions about three of today's more popular all-in-one entry level EMF meters, the Trifield 2, (TF2) the Cornet ED88T and the ENV RD10 plus cover mitigation strategies using all in one EMF low frequency/high-frequency meters. When purchasing meters we encourage our members to support knowledgeable resellers that support end users with ‘how to’ videos and online troubleshooting guidelines with email support. Below are the main pros and cons to consider before purchasing an entry level meter. Trifield 2 http://www.radmeters.com/Trifield-TF2... The TF2's pros are it has a tri-axis magnetic sensor for more accurate and simplified low-frequency magnetic field readings, the ED88T and ENV RD10 are only single axis. The meter is very simple to operate with its huge LCD screen and large easy to read digits. Has a highly practical large rotary style nob for selecting modes. Solid build, although the LCD screen could be easily damaged. Priced at only $169 (USD) The cons with the TF2 is its high-frequency RF mode reads from 20 MHz to 6GHz which is an ideal range. However with a meter that measures this low it will pick up all your analog FM radio stations which can cause higher readings and without any audio demodulation mode, like the ED88T has, you won't be able to differentiate between your analog and digital signals. Digital signals are far more biology disruptive than analog signals, so it's important to know which ones you are dealing with. RF accuracy various throughout its specified RF spectrum range. Cornet ED88T http://www.radmeters.com/Cornet-ED88T... The Cornets Pros are the informative LCD screen with histogram function and an RF frequency counter. Has a host of other handy features along with a peak hold function. Best pro with this meter is the RF audio demodulation and the headphone jack with built-in speaker. (Not as clear as the Acoustimeter or the Esmog Spion) Also has USB connectivity for RF limited data logging. Solid build and well priced at $219. (USD) Cons are the ED88T loses massive ground to the TF2 and ENV-RD10 in the low-frequency department as this meter can only measure down to 10V/m. The TF2 and ENV RD10 measures down to 1V/m. The ED88T also struggles to give accurate readings below 0.5 mG/50nT whereas the other two meters go much lower. The ED88T is by far the most complicated meter to use. RF accuracy greatly various throughout its specified RF spectrum range of 100MHz to 8GHz as expected for entry-level meters. The ENV-RD10 http://www.radmeters.com/ENV-RD-10.html The ENV-RD10 is extremely small, thin and lightweight. Has accurate 50/60 A/C magnetic field readings and capable of measuring right down to below 0.05mG/5nT. Very simple unlimted data logging and monitoring software on all three field modes, electric/magnetic/RF, via its active USB cable when used in combination with a Windows PC or Android device. The software has a well laid out and intuitive display with field strength, a detailed histogram, time and date along with magnetic and electric field frequency counting which is handy when you need to know the frequency of what you are measuring in order to know what magnetic shielding material to use, or for identifying electrical/electronic faults. The ENV RD10 has extra sensitive readings when used in combination with a PC or Android device. The meter can be purchased for $140 USD without the active USB cable or for $159 (USD) with the cable. Cons, Will give false readings if you forget to hold the meter in the tips of your fingers in electric field mode and RF mode. The ENV-RD10’s software is only compatible with Windows and Android devices, although this is of no concern if you don’t intend on using the data logging/monitoring software. RF accuracy greatly various throughout its specified RF spectrum range of 100MHz to 8GHz as expected for entry-level meters. Note: These meters are not professional meters and are called entry level meters for a reason. Ultra-sensitive individuals will need to purchase semi-professional meters that are capable of measuring ultra-low levels of non-native EMF’s along with a dirty electricity meter and a digital multi meter for measuring body voltage.

Stream on demand from www.bitesz.com (mobile friendly). *Dark Matter keeps its secrets Astronomers are back in the dark about what dark matter might be, after new observations have shown that it’s not interacting with forces other than gravity after all. The findings add more mystery to the enigma of dark matter – an invisible substance which makes up over 80 percent of all the matter in the universe. *New lightning study about to begin A new suite of European Space Agency instruments aboard the International Space Station are about to begin studying mysterious upper atmospheric lightning events from orbit Every second, around 45 lightning strikes jolt Earth’s atmosphere, where powerful reactions in thunderstorm clouds alter the chemical composition of the air inside and around them. *The truth behind NASA’s twins study In what may be a perfect example of what happens when news editors get journalists who usually chase fire engines or politicians to cover a science story -- media outlets have been busy issuing corrections after reporters wrongly claimed that seven percent of the DNA of an astronaut had changed following a year-long space flight – compared to his identical twin who remained on Earth. *Moscow launches top secret experimental satellite Moscow has launched what may be a new experimental spy satellite. The top secret flight was launched on a Soyuz 2-1V rocket from the Plesetsk Cosmodrome in northern Russia. *China launches three more spy satellites China has launched another trio of what it euphemistically calls remote sensing satellites. The Yaogan Weixing-31-01 spacecraft are part of China’s latest generation of military surveillance and reconnaissance satellites. *China’s sat nav system takes shape China has successfully launched two more Beidou navigation satellites into orbit. *The Science Report Up to one in five people may show signs of a synesthesia. Arctic mountain glaciers are melting at an unprecedented rate. Two types of contagious cancer affecting Tasmanian devils may have similar origins. A rare 700-year-old Byzantine bronze ring discovered by a gardener in Northern Israel. Teaching an autonomous car who to kill and who to save. For enhanced Show Notes including photos to accompany this episode, visit: http://www.bitesz.com/spacetimeshownotes Subscribe, rate and review SpaceTime at all good podcasting apps…including Apple Podcasts (formerly iTunes), Google Podcasts, Stitcher, PocketCasts, Podbean, Radio Public, Tunein Radio, google play, Spreaker, Spotify, Deezer etc Would you prefer to have access to the special commercial free version of SpaceTime? Help support the show, subscribe at Patreon....and share in the rewards. Details at www.patreon.com/spacetimewithstuartgary Help support SpaceTime : The SpaceTime with Stuart Gary merchandise shop. Get your T-Shirts, Coffee Cups, badges, tote bag + more and help support the show. Check out the range: http://www.cafepress.com/spacetime Thank you. Plus: As a part of the SpaceTime family, you can get a free audio book of your choice, plus 30 days free access from audible.com. Just visit www.audibletrial.com/spacetime or click on the banner link at www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com Email: SpaceTime@bitesz.com Join our mailing list at http://www.bitesz.com/join-our-mailing-list  Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support this show http://supporter.acast.com/spacetime. See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

There are a couple good use-case scenarios for making a secret knock detector using an Arduino. You are a spy who needs to authenticate your cohorts You are a super hero who wants a secret knock to open the entrance to your lair Whatever the reason - by the end of this tutorial you will know how to use an Arduino, a piezo transducer and a couple other cheap components to make secret knock detector. Here is an overview of exactly what we will talk about in this lesson: The components you will need and how to set up this simple circuit. The concept of operation of this secret knock detector A thorough description of each block of code in the Arduino sketch Why North American grizzly bears love piezo transducers For this secret knock detector circuit you need: Arduino (I use the Arduino Uno) [1] Solderless breadboard [1] 1 Mohm Resistor [1] Piezo transducer (aka buzzer) [1] Jumper wires [4] 5.1V Zener diode (for extra protection) [1] No spill stopper for a “to-go” coffee cup How to set up the Circuit: This is a really simple circuit to setup, below are step-by-step instructions and a breadboard diagram. Place the piezo transducer on the breadboard, with the positive lead and the negative lead on separate rails. Connect the positive lead to pin A0 on the Arduino and the other lead to ground. Finally, use the 1Mohm resistor to connect the leads of the piezo transducer. As an additional level of protection, you might consider adding a 5.1V zener diode between the leads to protect against high voltage spikes from frying your input pin - you might call it a cheap insurance policy. An Overview of this Secret Knock Detectors operation Here is the basic concept of how this will work. We want something to happen when you tap out a secret code. We will create a sequence of soft and hard taps - this will be our secret code which will be represented as 0’s and 1’s in an array. For example: secretKnock[secretKnockLength] = {0, 0, 1, 0}; The code above represents a secret code of soft , soft , hard, soft . The piezo transducer will turn the mechanical pressure created by the tap into a signal that the Arduino analog pin can read. The level of the signal will determine whether a tap gets characterized as soft or hard. The threshold of a soft vs hard tap need to be determined empirically, once you have the circuit built - it will depend on what you have the piezo transducer attached to - I have mine taped to a piece of paper. You should start with the default threshold values provided in the sketch and change them to suit your specific setup. Once a tap signal is picked up by the Arduino, the sketch will compare the entered sequence of taps to the secret code, one tap at a time. If the code is entered correctly, then we will trigger an action on the output pin. In this code below, we trigger an LED to turn on for a couple seconds - but you could trigger a servo arm, a pump, or whatever you might need. If the code is entered incorrectly - nothing happens. Here is the code for your hacking enjoyment: /* A simple sketch to detect a secret knock using a piezo transducer Created JUL 2015 by Michael James http://www.programmingelectronics.com/ This code is in the public domain */ const int outputPin = 6; // led indicator connected to digital pin const int knockSensor = A0; // the piezo is connected to an analog pin const int thresholdHIGH = 150; // threshold value to decide when the detected knock is hard (HIGH) const int thresholdLOW = 120; // threshold value to decide when the detected knock is gentle (LOW) const int secretKnockLength = 4; //How many knocks are in your secret knock /* This is the secret knock sequence * 0 represents a LOW or quiet knock * 1 represents a HIGH or loud knock * The sequence can be as long as you like, but longer codes increase the difficulty of matching */ const int secretKnock[secretKnockLength] = {0, 0, 1, 0}; int secretCounter = 0; //this tracks the correct knocks and allows you to move through the sequence int sensorReading = 0; // variable to store the value read from the sensor pin void setup() { //Set the output pin as an OUTPUT pinMode(outputPin, OUTPUT); //Begin Serial Communication. Serial.begin(9600); } void loop() { // read the piezo sensor and store the value in the variable sensorReading: sensorReading = analogRead(knockSensor); // First determine is knock if Hard (HIGH) or Gentle (LOW) //Hard knock (HIGH) is detected if (sensorReading >= thresholdHIGH) { //Check to see if a Hard Knock matches the Secret Knock in the correct sequence. if (secretKnock[secretCounter] == 1) { //The Knock was correct, iterate the counter. secretCounter++; Serial.println("Correct"); } else { //The Knock was incorrect, reset the counter secretCounter = 0; Serial.println("Fail - You are a spy!"); }//close if //Allow some time to pass before sampling again to ensure a clear signal. delay(100); //Gentle knock (LOW) is detected } else if (sensorReading >= thresholdLOW) { //Check to see if a Gentle Knock matches the Secret Knock in the correct sequence. if (secretKnock[secretCounter] == 0) { //The Knock was correct, iterate the counter. secretCounter++; Serial.println("Correct"); } else { //The Knock was incorrect, reset the counter. secretCounter = 0; Serial.println("Fail - You are a spy!"); }//close if //Allow some time to pass before sampling again to ensure a clear signal. delay(100); }//close if else //Check for successful entry of the code, by seeing if the entire array has been walked through. if (secretCounter == (secretKnockLength) ) { Serial.println("Welcome in fellow Illuminante!"); //if the sececret knock is correct, illuminate the LED for a couple seconds digitalWrite(outputPin, HIGH); delay(2000); digitalWrite(outputPin, LOW); //Reset the secret counter to 0. secretCounter = 0; }//close success check }//close loop If you enjoyed this lesson, you should join our free Arduino Crash Course - it has 19 Video Training lessons all about using Arduino (you can sign up below).

Engineered with patented conductance technology, the Snap-on EECS550 detects discharged batteries down to 1V and tests 6, 8, 12 and 24V systems. Productivity and wireless freedom; all in one package.

Después de unas semanas de vacaciones en este periodo estival, vuelvo a la carga con un nuevo capítulo del podcast La Tecnología Para Todos. Hoy voy a hablarte de cómo eliminar el ruido en Arduino.Tarde o temprano te verás expuesto a esta señal parasitaria que se acopla a tu señal útil y perturba tus mediciones. Por eso es necesario saber qué es el ruido, cuáles son las fuentes que lo producen y como podemos atajarlo.Al igual que en muchos factores involucrados en la electrónica y en la programación, no hay una fórmula mágica para la eliminación del ruido, pero si que podemos aplicar ciertas técnicas que nos ayuden a mitigarlo en la medida de lo posible.Eliminar el ruido en ArduinoAntes de comenzar con tema que voy a tratar hoy, decirte que el 14, 15 y 16 de Octubre, estaré en las XI JPOD (Jornadas de Podcasting) en Málaga. En este evento nacional realizaré un directo junto a Gabriel Viso del podcast Pitando. Si vas a estar por allí, espero verte.¿Qué es el ruido?, conocerlo nos ayudará a eliminar el ruido en ArduinoPodemos encontrar muchos artículos, libros e incluso vídeos sobre el ruido en Internet. El objeto de este capítulo no es profundizar hasta tal detalle, solo quiero dejar claro cómo afecta a nuestros proyectos y cómo podemos eliminar el ruido en Arduino.El ruido no deja de ser una señal eléctrica, al igual que las señales de Arduino, normalmente una señal continua de 5V, y de otros sistemas eléctricos que trabajan con señales alternas que pueden ir, por ejemplo, de 220V a -220V.Por lo tanto, el ruido es una señal de interferencia que se añade o se suma a nuestra señal útil produciendo efectos perjudiciales. Vamos a verlo con un ejemplo. Imagínate un sensor de temperatura cuya relación temperatura-voltaje es de 1º-10mV. Esto quiere decir que cada grado, se incrementa en 10mV la tensión obtenida. Si medimos la temperatura en algún lugar donde sabemos que hay 20ºC exactamente, el resultado será 200mV. Al conectar el sensor a Arduino comprobamos que el voltaje obtenido es de 220mV, lo que equivale a una temperatura de 22ºC. Esos 20mV de más ¿qué son? Precisamente eso es el ruido, una señal parasitaria que se añade a nuestra señal útil y por lo tanto la altera.Diseñamos con casos ideales que no contemplan el ruido en nuestros proyectosCuando estamos diseñando nuestro proyecto, utilizamos la típica Ley de Ohm o Leyes de Kirchhoff. Estas leyes se basan en desarrollos matemáticos que no tienen en cuenta el efecto del ruido. Podemos probar a crear un circuito muy sencillo con una resistencia y un LED. Si hacemos los cálculos y obtenemos los voltajes, comprobaremos con un multímetro que aunque se parezcan, el resultado no es el mismo. Esto es debido al ruido inherente de la propia placa de Arduino, los componentes e incluso el multímetro. En consecuencia debemos contemplar esta señal perjudicial y por lo tanto eliminar el ruido en Arduino.La señal de ruido no afecta de igual manera a las señales analógicas que digitalesYa hemos visto el ejemplo de un sensor de temperatura con una señal analógica. Pero no afecta en igual medida a las señales digitales, dependerá de la amplitud del ruido. En términos generales, la señales analógicas son más sensibles al ruido.Si en el ejemplo anterior del sensor de temperatura, la señal de ruido tuviera 0.3mV en vez de 20mV, no afectaría a nuestras medidas. Por lo tanto la amplitud de la señal es importante. En el caso de las señales digitales, la amplitud también es importante, pero solo afectará si dicha amplitud es lo suficientemente grande para cambiar de estado de alto a bajo o de bajo a alto.Cómo funcionan las señales digitalesHagamos un paréntesis para ver cómo funcionan las señales digitales en Arduino. Estamos acostumbrados a hablar de alto y bajo y relacionarlo con 0V y 5V. Pero eso no es realmente lo que sucede dentro de la placa. Existen unos márgenes para identificar si la señal está en estado alto o bajo.Precisamente este es uno de los puntos fuertes de Arduino, gracias a la amplitud de ese rango la señal digital soporta una gran cantidad de ruido. A continuación puedes ver la imagen donde se representan esos márgenes para el microcontrolador ATmega328 del Arduino UNO.Niveles lógicos digital ArduinoComo comprobamos, de 0V a 1,5V se considera un estado bajo. De 3V a 5V se considera un estado alto. Por último de 1,5V a 3V se considera una indeterminación. Supongamos que tenemos un nivel bajo en la señal digital con un valor de 0,5V. Para que se produzca un cambio a una indeterminación necesitaremos que la amplitud del ruido sea de más de 1V y para que cambie a estado alto más de 2,5V.Por lo tanto, el ruido no afecta en la misma medida a las señales digitales eso sí, cuando afecta los resultados pueden ser "catastróficos". Vamos a verlo con un ejemplo de la vida realEn el año 2010 se produjo el apagón analógico, se pasó de emitir la televisión en analógico a digitalRecordarás que antes la televisión se veía de diferente manera. Antes del año 2010, se emitía con una señal analógica. A partir de ese año se empezó a emitir en digital a través de la TDT (Televisión Digital Terrestre).Con la televisión analógica, cuando había interferencias por ruido, la señal se distorsionaba y se producía el típico efecto nieve. Aún así se conseguía ver la televisión, aunque sin calidad. Con la TDT se consiguieron varias cosas entre ellas una mejor calidad, la necesidad de menor potencia para emitir y la optimización del ancho de banda. El gran problema de este tipo de señales es que si le afecta el ruido, la televisión se deja de ver. Seguramente te habrá pasado alguna vez donde la televisión se ha quedado en negro. Esto sucede por lo anteriormente comentado, la señal de ruido tiene tanta amplitud que hace cambiar de estado a los bit digitales.En resumen, el ruido es otra señal que interfiere con nuestra señal útil. Afecta en mayor medida a señales analógicas que digitales, pero cuando estas últimas son afectadas, su recuperación es complicada. Si queremos eliminar el ruido en Arduino, debemos conocer las fuentes y factores que lo producen.

Hoy vamos a hablar de cómo podemos leer la temperatura ambiente. Para ello vamos a utilizar un sensor de temperatura en Arduino UNO, más concreto el sensor analógico LM35. Como ya hablamos en el capítulo donde tratábamos la API, necesitamos la función analogRead para capturar el valor que nos proporciona el sensor.Si tienes alguna duda sobre Raspberry Pi o algún otro tema de tecnología puedes contactar con nosotros a través del formulario de contacto, en Twitter y en Facebook. También tenemos a tu disposición una lista de distribución.SorteoComo queremos premiar a todos nuestros seguidores fieles y también que os iniciéis en el maravilloso mundo de Arduino, vamos a sortear un KIT DE INTRODUCCIÓN A ARDUINO para que podáis empezar. El sorteo se realizará con todos aquellos que estén suscritos a la lista de distribución hasta el día 27 de Octubre de 2015 a las 24H (hora peninsular española). Si todavía no estás suscrito, a qué esperas.Antes de meternos en faena, recordemos como funcionan las entradas analógicas en Arduino. Aunque estemos hablando de un valor analógico, Arduino discretiza en 1024 valores (0 a 1023). Esto quiere decir que si tenemos un rango de valores de entre 0 V y 5 V, cuando el sensor nos de un valor de 0 V con analogRead tendremos un valor de 0 y cuando nos de 5 V tendremos 1023. Si nos da un valor de 2,5 V simplemente tenemos que hacer una regla de 3 y calcular que valor nos proporcionará dicha función.LM35 sensor de temperaturaEn este artículo vamos a utilizar el sensor LM35. Este sensor, como cualquier otro sensor, tiene unas características de funcionamiento las cuales se pueden ver en su ficha técnica. Este documento es el punto de partida para utilizar cualquier sensor en Arduino. Nos aportará la información necesaria para trabajar con él y es indispensable consultarlo antes de empezar.Lo primero que debemos tener claro es el conexiado. Si nos vamos a la página 3 veremos que el sensor tiene 3 patillas, hay que fijarse en el gráfico que pone LP Package 3-Pin TO-92. Si miramos de frente el sensor, por la parte plana veremos algo parecido a la siguiente imagen.lm35-sensorDonde Vs es la alimentación, normalmente a 5 V que es lo que nos da la placa de Arduino salvo que especifiquemos lo contrario, GND es la toma de tierra y Vout es la salida que proporciona el sensor.Por lo tanto de aquí podemos sacar como debemos conectar el sensor con Arduino. Antes de hacerlo tenemos que estar seguro que el rango de trabajo de este sensor soporta los 5V que nos va a proporcionar nuestra placa. En caso contrario deberíamos hacer algo para reducir esos 5V. En la página número 1 encontramos un apartado que pone Features (características). De aquí podemos sacar mucha información. Si miramos en el apartado que pone Operates from 4 V to 30 V, nos está diciendo que funciona con voltajes de 4 V a 30 V así que estamos dentro del rango permitido.Ahora vamos a fijarnos en la salida que nos proporciona el LM35. Las dos primeras líneas dicen:Calibrated Directly in Celsius (Centigrade)Linear + 10-mV/ºC Scale FactorLa primera línea nos dice que el sensor está calibrado en grados centígrados con lo cual no hará falta realizar ninguna transformación si queremos saber la temperatura en estas unidades. La segunda línea nos viene a decir que los cambios de temperatura son lineales con un factor de escala de 10mV por ºC (grado centígrado) es decir, para 1 ºC tendremos una tensión de 10 mV. Esto es muy importante ya que hay una regla de proporción entre el voltaje de salida y los grados.Si nos fijamos un poco más abajo en las Features (características) encontramos el rango completo de temperaturas de -55 ºC a 150 ºC. Esto quiere decir que a -55 ºC tendremos -550 mV y a 150 ºC tendremos 1.500 mV. Esto también lo puedes ver en la ficha técnica en la primera página el gráfico que pone Full-range Centigrade Temperature Sensor.Por último hay fijarse también en las Features, donde nos dice 0.5°C Ensured Accuracy (at 25°C) que quiere decir que para garantizar la precisión hay que trabajar en este rango de temperaturas de 0.5ºC a 25ºC.Así que ya has podido ver lo importante que son las fichas técnicas de los sensores y dispositivos. Hay que remitirse siempre a la web del fabricante y obtener dicha ficha para sacar el máximo partido a los sensores.Calcular la temperaturaLlega la hora de los cálculos. Como buen programador debes hacer uso de las matemáticas y la lógica y cuando trabajamos con Arduino, debemos hacer exactamente lo mismo. No estoy hablando de hacer ecuaciones diferenciales ni derivadas, aunque en algún caso esta operación matemática nos pueda salvar, estamos hablando que lo más complicado que haremos por el momento será una simple regla de 3.Si os acordáis de cuando hablamos de la API de Arduino, hay una función que se llama analogRead donde le pasamos como parámetro el número de pin que queremos leer y nos da un valor entre 0 y 1023 osea, 1024 valores. Esto quiere decir que si en el pin tenemos 0V nos dará 0 y si tenemos 5V o 3.3V (depende de a que voltaje esté funcionando nuestro Arduino) nos dará 1023, así de sencillo.Por lo tanto si queremos saber que voltaje tenemos en la entrada analógica solo debemos de multiplicar por 5/1024 (0.0048V de precisión). Esto nos da el voltaje de nuestro sensor, ahora hay que transformar los voltios en grados. Ya hemos averiguado, gracias a la ficha técnica, que 1ºC equivale a 10mV (0.01V) por lo tanto solo debemos de dividir el valor de voltaje obtenido antes entre 0.01 y nos dará la temperatura. Para que os quede más claro os dejo aquí la formula que deberíamos aplicar.Temperatura = (Valor * 5 / 1024) / 0.01 = Valor * 5 * 100 / 1024Y con esta fórmula tendríamos la temperatura que nos está facilitando el sensor LM35.Aumentar la precisiónComo ya hemos visto en la ficha técnica, si queremos garantizar la precisión debemos trabajar en el rango de valores de 0.5ºC y 25ºC. Esto no quiere decir que nos tengamos que ceñir a estas temperaturas pero si que nos da una idea de con que precisión deberíamos trabajar. Para estos dos valores de grados corresponden 5mV y 250mV.¿Cómo podemos aumentar la precisión? Ya hablamos en su día de la función analogReference que nos permite establecer el valor de referencia para el valor 1023 en los pines analógicos. Esta función puede tomar tres posibles valores:DEFAULTToma como referencia el valor interno de la placa 3.3V o 5V.INTERNALToma como referencia un voltaje interno de 1.1V.EXTERNALToma como referencia lo introducido en el pin AREF.Si dejamos la primera opción, DEFAULT, utilizaremos la fórmula que hemos visto antes pudiendo detectar temperaturas de hasta 500ºC. No tiene ningún sentido ya que el rango máximo será 150ºC. Así que podemos aumentar la precisión de nuestro sensor utilizando la configuración INTERNAL. Esto nos permite medir hasta un rango de 110ºC. Al cambiar el valor de la referencia, la fórmula cambia, ahora para obtener la temperatura debemos de utilizar la siguiente:Temperatura = (Valor * 1.1 / 1024) / 0.01 = Valor * 1.1 * 100 / 1024Concluyendo, es muy importante fijarse en la ficha técnica de cualquier dispositivo, nos dará información de la precisión, el rango de valores, amperaje y voltaje y factor de escala. Con toda esta información podemos obtener la temperatura de nuestro sensor con simples operaciones matemáticas.En el capítulo hablamos de los siguientes enlacesAll datasheetBases del sorteo Kit de iniciación de ArduinoRecurso del díaCodebenderEs un entorno de desarrollo online para Arduino. Se ejecuta en la nube y te permite programar para cualquier sensor o dispositivo conectado. Tiene modo depuración y cuenta con casi 500 librerías a tu disposición. Puedes trabajar online desde diferentes máquinas manteniendo las cofiguraciones establecidas. Además del entorno de desarrollo, te permite guardar tus proyectos en la nube y poder compartir para que la gente colabore.Muchas gracias a todos por los comentarios y valoraciones que nos hacéis en iVoox, iTunes y en Spreaker, nos dan mucho ánimo para seguir con este proyecto.