Podcasts about tsimane

Richard Westcott talks to Jonathan Stieglitz, IAST and Martin White, University of Cambridge, about  the global health challenges related to diet and nutrition, the roles of public health policies, cultural practices, and lifestyle changes, while creating sustainable food systems that ensure access to healthy food for all and maintain economic viability.How do we address global health challenges, particularly in relation to diet and nutrition? What role do public health policies, cultural practices and lifestyle changes play in shaping our food choices? How can we create food systems that ensure everyone has access to healthy and sustainable food while maintaining economic viability?To explore these issues, Richard Westcott talks to Prof Martin White, Professor of population health research from the University of Cambridge,  and Prof Jonathan Stieglitz, IAST Scientific Director.Season 4 Episode 7 transcriptListen to this episode on your preferred podcast platformFor more information about the Crossing Channels podcast series and the work of the Bennett Institute and IAST visit our websites at https://www.bennettinstitute.cam.ac.uk/ and https://www.iast.fr/.Follow us on Linkedin, Bluesky and X. With thanks to:Audio production by Steve HankeyAssociate production by Burcu Sevde SelviVisuals by Tiffany Naylor and Aurore CarbonnelMore information about our host and guests:Richard Westcott is an award-winning journalist who spent 27 years at the BBC as a correspondent/producer/presenter covering global stories for the flagship Six and Ten o'clock TV news as well as the Today programme. His last role was as a science correspondent covering the covid outbreak, but prior to that he was the transport correspondent reporting on new technologies such as driverless cars, major accidents and large infrastructure projects. Last year, Richard left the corporation and he is now the communications director for Cambridge University Health Partners and the Cambridge Biomedical Campus, both organisations that are working to support life sciences and healthcare across the city. @BBCwestcottProf Jonathan Stieglitz is an anthropologist specializing in human health and aging.  He studies how evolved human biology interacts with variability in the environment to influence well-being over the life course. Since 2004 he has worked with indigenous Tsimane forager-farmers of the Bolivian Amazon, studying how environmental transition (for example, changes in infectious exposures, physical activity levels, or consumption of processed foods) influences diverse health indicators. He co-directs the Tsimane Health and Life History Project. Prof Martin White is an interdisciplinary scientist who leads research on food systems and public health, and has a particular interest in evaluation of population interventions to improve diet and health. He led the NIHR funded evaluation of the Soft Drinks Industry Levy and currently leads two UKRI interdisciplinary consortia on food system transformation (https://www.mandala-consortium.org/ and https://www.salientfoodtrials.uk). He was a visiting fellow at the Bennett Institute for Public Policy in 2020-22 and is a regular contributor to Cambridge University's Centre for Science and Policy (CSaP) Policy Fellows programme for civil servants.

En Amazonie bolivienne, la réserve naturelle du Pilon Lajas est menacée. Les mineurs travaillent dans les rivières pour y trouver de l'or et les contrebandiers y pratiquent le trafic de bois et d'animaux sauvages. Cette zone est également un territoire autochtone où vivent différentes communautés des peuples Tacana, Tsimane et Mosetene. Pour se protéger de l'avancée des mineurs, les communautés autochtones organisent chaque mois une patrouille le long des frontières du Pilon Lajas.  De notre envoyé spécial dans la région,Il est un peu plus de midi quand la patrouille quitte le port de Rurrenabaque, en Amazonie bolivienne. Au programme, un jour et demi à sillonner la rivière Beni, l'une des frontières naturelles du Pilon Lajas, à la recherche de potentiels chercheurs d'or illégaux. Madelín Guzmán fait partie de l'organisation autochtone du territoire. Elle nous explique la procédure quand ils rencontrent des mineurs : « Si c'est la première fois, on le rappelle à l'ordre et on le fait sortir de la zone. La deuxième fois, on le sanctionne en saisissant tout son matériel. Et au bout de la troisième fois, on porte plainte et on avertit les autorités. »Après quatre heures à remonter le Beni sans embûches, nous arrivons à l'un des campements des gardes forestiers du Pilon Lajas. Une petite réunion de coordination est organisée. La patrouille reprendra le lendemain matin avec au moins un garde forestier présent : « Ils protègent la zone et nous aussi, donc nous avons tout intérêt à collaborer. Et comme ils connaissent bien le secteur, ils peuvent aussi nous guider si besoin. »Pendant la soirée, Lander Veyuma, l'un des gardes forestiers, détaille le peu de moyens dont ils disposent pour empêcher l'arrivée de mineurs ou de contrebandiers. Un manque de ressources qui va parfois jusqu'à l'absence de carburant pour patrouiller aux frontières de la réserve : « Avant, nous étions 20 gardes forestiers. Maintenant, nous ne sommes plus que 11. Avec ces neuf effectifs en moins, c'est très dur de protéger les 400 000 hectares de la réserve naturelle du Pilon Lajas. »Le lendemain, nous atteignons la limite du Pilon Lajas. Aucune activité minière n'est détectée pendant le trajet. Pourtant, pour Hermindo Vies, vice-président du Conseil régional Tsimane Mosetene, la situation est préoccupante : « Nous nous trouvons devant le ruisseau Naranjani, qui est la limite du territoire. À peine un mètre de l'autre côté, nous avons constaté la présence de mineurs qui cherchent de l'or. »Bien que ces activités minières ne soient pas dans le territoire du Pilon Lajas, le mercure utilisé est rejeté dans le Beni, empoisonnant à petit feu l'eau, les poissons et les populations locales. Pour Madelín Guzmán, l'un des principaux responsables de cette situation n'est autre que l'État : « Ce que souhaite l'État, c'est développer l'industrie minière, quitte à mettre en péril nos territoires. C'est ce qu'il a toujours souhaité. Et si nous ne nous mobilisons pas, c'est sûr qu'il ne va pas nous écouter. Donc on lutte, on représente la voix de nos communautés et on ne baisse pas les bras. »Une détermination plus que nécessaire pour faire face aux incessantes tentatives d'intrusion des chercheurs d'or dans le Pilon Lajas, et surtout supporter le silence de l'État bolivien.

En Amazonie bolivienne, la réserve naturelle du Pilon Lajas est menacée. Les mineurs travaillent dans les rivières pour y trouver de l'or et les contrebandiers y pratiquent le trafic de bois et d'animaux sauvages. Cette zone est également un territoire autochtone où vivent différentes communautés des peuples Tacana, Tsimane et Mosetene. Pour se protéger de l'avancée des mineurs, les communautés autochtones organisent chaque mois une patrouille le long des frontières du Pilon Lajas.  De notre envoyé spécial dans la région,Il est un peu plus de midi quand la patrouille quitte le port de Rurrenabaque, en Amazonie bolivienne. Au programme, un jour et demi à sillonner la rivière Beni, l'une des frontières naturelles du Pilon Lajas, à la recherche de potentiels chercheurs d'or illégaux. Madelín Guzmán fait partie de l'organisation autochtone du territoire. Elle nous explique la procédure quand ils rencontrent des mineurs : « Si c'est la première fois, on le rappelle à l'ordre et on le fait sortir de la zone. La deuxième fois, on le sanctionne en saisissant tout son matériel. Et au bout de la troisième fois, on porte plainte et on avertit les autorités. »Après quatre heures à remonter le Beni sans embûches, nous arrivons à l'un des campements des gardes forestiers du Pilon Lajas. Une petite réunion de coordination est organisée. La patrouille reprendra le lendemain matin avec au moins un garde forestier présent : « Ils protègent la zone et nous aussi, donc nous avons tout intérêt à collaborer. Et comme ils connaissent bien le secteur, ils peuvent aussi nous guider si besoin. »Pendant la soirée, Lander Veyuma, l'un des gardes forestiers, détaille le peu de moyens dont ils disposent pour empêcher l'arrivée de mineurs ou de contrebandiers. Un manque de ressources qui va parfois jusqu'à l'absence de carburant pour patrouiller aux frontières de la réserve : « Avant, nous étions 20 gardes forestiers. Maintenant, nous ne sommes plus que 11. Avec ces neuf effectifs en moins, c'est très dur de protéger les 400 000 hectares de la réserve naturelle du Pilon Lajas. »Le lendemain, nous atteignons la limite du Pilon Lajas. Aucune activité minière n'est détectée pendant le trajet. Pourtant, pour Hermindo Vies, vice-président du Conseil régional Tsimane Mosetene, la situation est préoccupante : « Nous nous trouvons devant le ruisseau Naranjani, qui est la limite du territoire. À peine un mètre de l'autre côté, nous avons constaté la présence de mineurs qui cherchent de l'or. »Bien que ces activités minières ne soient pas dans le territoire du Pilon Lajas, le mercure utilisé est rejeté dans le Beni, empoisonnant à petit feu l'eau, les poissons et les populations locales. Pour Madelín Guzmán, l'un des principaux responsables de cette situation n'est autre que l'État : « Ce que souhaite l'État, c'est développer l'industrie minière, quitte à mettre en péril nos territoires. C'est ce qu'il a toujours souhaité. Et si nous ne nous mobilisons pas, c'est sûr qu'il ne va pas nous écouter. Donc on lutte, on représente la voix de nos communautés et on ne baisse pas les bras. »Une détermination plus que nécessaire pour faire face aux incessantes tentatives d'intrusion des chercheurs d'or dans le Pilon Lajas, et surtout supporter le silence de l'État bolivien.

Our destination is the remote Tsimane region of Bolivia in pursuit of the savage and powerful Golden Dorado with Marcelo Perez, founder, and CEO of Untamed Angler and the Tsimane Lodge.   The Tsimane region sits at the base of the Andes mountains, hundreds of miles from civilization, where mountain streams run clear and fast, and fly anglers can sight-cast for voracious Dorado reaching upwards of 40 lbs.    Marcelo grew up in Argentina fishing the jungles for Dorado and found his passion in building remote jungle fly fishing lodges.  Join us as Marcelo explains why Dorado should be on every fly angler's bucket list and the incredible story of how he created the Tsimane Lodge.  Also, stories of the native Tsimane people, giant Pacu, and hundred-pound Maturo on the fly.  Could this be the best Dorado fishing on the planet?  You be the judge!   With host, Steve Haigh Be the first to know about new episodes.  Become a subscriber  Destination Angler on YouTube Contact Marcelo:  https://tsimanelodge.com/  |info@tsimanelodge.com   Instagram | Facebook   Please check out our Sponsors: Angler's Coffee  Elevating the coffee experience for the fly-fishing community & anglers everywhere with small-batch coffee delivered to your doorstep.  Use code BREW20 and receive 20% off your first subscription order. Facebook & Instagram @anglerscoffeeco     Got Fishing  Crafting world-class fly-fishing adventures specially designed to your level of experience and budget.    Facebook @GotFishingAdventures Instagram @GotFishing TroutRoutes  The number one fishing app, helping trout anglers avoid the crowds and explore new public water. Download it and receive 20% off using Destination20 promo code in the app store today! Facebook @troutinsights Instagram @TroutRoutes    Adamsbuilt Fishing  THE trusted source for quality fly fishing gear, built to last at an affordable price. Waders, Nets, Outerwear.  Facebook & Instagram @Adamsbuilt Destination Angler Podcast:   Website YouTube Instagram & Facebook  @DestinationAnglerPodcast  Comments & Suggestions:  host, Steve Haigh, email shaigh@DestinationAnglerPodcast.com Available on Apple, Spotify, or wherever you get your podcasts. Recorded September 12, 2024.     

The discourse has once again turned to a feverish discussion of cognitive decline. Which 2024 US Presidential candidate has it worse? What does that mean for the campaign and for the Presidency in general?In this episode of The Studies Show, your rapidly-ageing hosts look at some of the research on cognitive ageing and cognitive decline. What happens when you give cognitive tests to people of different ages? Do those tests actually matter? They then ask whether there's a chance that the received wisdom about cognitive ageing is wrong, and that maybe they can hold onto their precious faculties for just a little longer…We're proud to be sponsored by Works in Progress magazine. If you've ever been interested in the process of science, the history of technology, and how to use policy to speed up human progress, then WiP is the magazine for you. Their new February 2024 issue is out now.Show notes* Example of a recent article on Joe Biden's cognitive decline; example of the same for Donald Trump* The above is Figure 1 from this 2019 review on cognitive ageing. The three panels show: levels of fluid reasoning ability at different ages; levels of crystallised knowledge at different ages; the prevalence rate of dementia in different age ranges* Yes, the Woodcock-Johnson Tests exist* 2016 study showing similar patterns of cognitive ageing in Tsimane forager-farmers in the Bolivian Amazon* 2012 review on cognitive ageing; see Figure 1 for the “Fortune 500 CEO” graph described in the podcast* Study on how IQ-type tasks and more practical tasks change together in old age* Study on cognitive ageing and susceptibility to scams* Tom's IEEE Spectrum article on how robots learn* Older (2004) article on cognitive ageing; Figure 1 is a useful comparion between cross-sectional and longitudinal studies* Book chapter with a useful discussion on when cognitive ageing begins* 2022 Nature article on “brain charts for the human lifespan”* Systematic review from 2010 on interventions for cognitive decline* 2019 meta-analysis of “real-world” intervention studies* Remarkably biased US politics interview about Biden and Trump and their respective mental capacitiesCreditsThe Studies Show is produced by Julian Mayers at Yada Yada Productions. This is a public episode. If you'd like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit www.thestudiesshowpod.com/subscribe

This episode is brought to you by Rupa Health, Cozy Earth, and Beekeepers. Our modern lifestyles and technology have led us to crave and consume with addictive tendencies and a hope of immediate gratification. Whether it's food, social media, news, gambling, or even alcohol, we know that people are struggling with moderation, balance and feeling fulfilled. Today on The Dhru Purohit Podcast, Dhru sits down with professor and journalist Michael Easter to discuss how our ancient brains lead us to the “scarcity brain.” Michael shares what he has learned through his research and travels about stopping cravings, learning and processing information in our daily lives, and reframing our thoughts on addiction. Michael Easter is an author, journalist, and professor known for his work on a wide range of topics, including fitness, nutrition, mental health, and environmental conservation. He is the author of a book titled The Comfort Crisis, where he explores the concept of embracing discomfort as a method to improve physical and mental resilience. His newest book is called Scarcity Brain, where he focuses on our ancient mindset and how it can lead us to have a scarcity mindset, crave more, and have addictive behaviors. In this episode, Dhru and Michael dive into (audio version / Apple Subscriber version):-Living in a world that is designed to take advantage of our brains (2:30 / 2:30)-Why is focusing on bad habits a key to unlocking longevity (4:00 / 4:00)-Michael's time with the Tsimane tribe in Bolivia and what he learned about scarcity mindset (5:44 / 5:44) -What is the scarcity loop (13:02 / 10:36)-How a routine and eating the same thing each day can lead people to make better food choices (20:18 / 17:54)-The history of ultra-processed foods and how the industry uses them to cause addiction (23:47 / 21:14)-Where does the scarcity loop live in the brain, and what it causes us to feel (26:40 / 24:19)-Michael's thoughts on addiction, what he has learned, and how it applies to various forms of addictions (32:00 / 28:14)-Certainty and what role it plays in your overall journey and goals (42:44 / 38:49)-Michael's time with Benedictine monks and what he learned (48:44 / 44:46) -How to prevent behaviors that operate within the scarcity loop (51:33 / 47:36)-Information overload and how to put in the effort to truly understand the information you are being (54:07 / 50:10)-How drinking alcohol at a later age can prevent addiction and how it is used to cope (1:04:00 / 1:00:06) Also mentioned in this episode:-2% NewsletterAccess more than 3,000 specialty lab tests with Rupa Health. You can check out a free, live demo with a Q&A or create an account at RupaHealth.com today.Right now, get 40% off your Cozy Earth sheets. Just head over to cozyearth.com and use code DHRUP.Go to beekeepersnaturals.com/DHRU and enter code “DHRU” to get Beekeeper's Naturals' exclusive offer of 20% off sitewide. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

KCSB's Zoha Malik interviews UCSB anthropology professor Michael Gurven about his research regarding the impact of COVID-19 on the remote, small-scale Tsimane indigenous group in Bolivia, and how such research could help better understand how to equip such groups with strategies and healthcare in the future.

Poblaciones cazadoras-recolectoras modernas como los Hadza o Tsimane tienen una prevalencia bajísima de las enfermedades que nos matan en occidente: cáncer, enfermedad cardiovascular y problemas metabólicos. El por qué no tiene nada que ver con su esperanza de vida (viven hasta los 70-75 años). Te lo cuento en este vídeo.

*"The average modal age of adult death for hunter-gatherers is 72 with a range of 68–78 years. This range appears to be the closest functional equivalent of an 'adaptive' human life span."Would you be surprised that humans evolved to live to 72 years old? Wait, isn't one of the greatest results of our technology and progress to advance human lifespan from 30 years old?How long do humans live naturally? Of course, the question and its answers is complicated, but I found Michael through a paper he co-wrote with Hillard Kaplan: Longevity Among Hunter-Gatherers: A Cross-Cultural Examination, that researched the question through populations all over the world. Read the paper for their full research, but the quote at the top suggesting 72 years resulted from extensive research and analysis.Michael lived among many cultures that live more traditionally than anyone you've probably met. Not France or Japan, but the Tsimane, Ache, and Mosetene, and researched a world of others. In this conversation he shares how a guy from Philadelphia ended up there, as well as running a lab at UC Santa Barbara. Then we talk about how much we don't know about how our distant ancestors used to live but also how much we do know.I don't think I downplay the richness and complexity of this subject to ask why we so commonly believe all our ancestors used to live to around 30 but we lived much longer, at least if we lived past childhood.How did 30 become old age? What does progress mean if the system and culture that restored our lifespan lowered it in the first place? What if that system and culture is now lowering our lifespans? It forces me to reevaluate the values my culture promotes. Our GDPR privacy policy was updated on August 8, 2022. Visit acast.com/privacy for more information.

This podcast looks at why some people think we need policies for happiness and what those might mean. Leading experts discuss how to define and measure happiness, the drivers of happiness in different countries and societies, and what we know about what works and what doesn't in terms of policy solutions and interventions.This episode is hosted by Rory Cellan-Jones, and features experts Anna Alexandrova, Professor in Philosophy of Science at the University of Cambridge and a Fellow of King's College Cambridge, and Dr Jonathan Stieglitz, Associate Professor of Anthropology at IAST and the University of Toulouse 1 Capitole.Listen to this episode on your preferred podcast platform.Episode 7 transcriptFor more information about the podcast and the work of the institutes, visit our websites at www.bennettinstitute.cam.ac.uk and www.iast.fr/.Tweet us with your thoughts at @BennettInst and @IASToulouse.Audio production by Steve Hankey.Podcast editing by Annabel ManleyMore information about our guests:Professor Anna AlexandrovaAnna Alexandrova is a Professor in Philosophy of Science at the University of Cambridge and a Fellow of King's College Cambridge. She researches how formal tools such as models and indicators enable scientists to navigate complex phenomena tinged with ethical and political dimensions. Her book A Philosophy for the Science of Wellbeing came out with Oxford University Press in 2017 and won the 2022 Gittler Book Prize of the American Philosophical Association. She previously taught at the University of Missouri St Louis and completed her PhD at the University of California San Diego. She was born and brought up in the southern Russian city of Krasnodar.Dr Jonathan StieglitzDr Jonathan Stieglitz is an Associate Professor of Anthropology at IAST and the University of Toulouse 1 Capitole. His main research interest is studying the health and well-being of individuals in small-scale subsistence societies, in part to gain broader insights into how humans may have lived in the past. He is Co-Director of the Tsimane Health and Life History Project, a longitudinal study of the evolution of the human life course; the project began in 2002 and currently focuses on better understanding the development of certain non-communicable diseases among two native South American populations - the Tsimane and Moseten of Bolivia. 

EVERY 67 SECONDS, SOMEONE IN AMERICA IS DIAGNOSED WITH ALZHEIMER'S… TRANSLATING TO 1 IN 9 AMERICANS WITH THIS DISEASE. Shrinkage of brain size is one of the earliest predictors of developing this disease… yet the Amazon's Tsimane tribe have 70% slower brain shrinkage than Americans. Why is this? In today's show, I'll share the latest brain health secrets of these isolated people✨Highlights 2:36     Mediterranean Diet + Low Carbs = Miracle results for women 4:35     Childhood trauma leads to increased rates of obesity 6:42     It's Not Your Fault! Researchers Found the Holy Grail for Obesity 8:33     Brain atrophy, memory loss, physical decline, increased risk of dementia9:01     How to Beat the Alzheimer's statistics Using Epigenetics12:22  Sedentary lifestyle + inflammation = the root of most disease13:46 Are You Struggling with chronic, nagging health challenges and looking for answers?

This week I'm talking with Melanie Martin, a biological anthropologist investigating evolutionary and ecological influences on growth and development, and the implications of those relationships for public health. Her research, conducted with two indigenous populations—the Tsimane of Bolivia and the Qom of Argentina—combines field research with laboratory analysis of non-invasive biomarkers and mixed-modeling approaches. We discuss child rearing in remote villages and breast feeding practices across cultures. We also get into the Hygiene Hypothesis and Immune System Functions and Auto Immune Disorders. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

This week I'm talking with Melanie Martin, a biological anthropologist investigating evolutionary and ecological influences on growth and development, and the implications of those relationships for public health. Her research, conducted with two indigenous populations—the Tsimane of Bolivia and the Qom of Argentina—combines field research with laboratory analysis of non-invasive biomarkers and mixed-modeling approaches. We discuss child rearing in remote villages and breast feeding practices across cultures. We also get into the Hygiene Hypothesis and Immune System Functions and Auto Immune Disorders. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

To start the new year off right, Chris and Cara chat with Dr. Helen Davis, a research associate at Harvard University. In this episode, Dr. Davis talks about her work on cognition and learning among the Tsimane, Twa, Zemba, and Himba. She also discusses her nonprofit and how she and her team contribute to their research communities through the One Pencil Project. Contact Dr. Davis at helendavis@fas.harvard.edu, on Twitter @Helen_E_Davis and on her website https://helen-elizabeth-davis.com Read her recent publication " Cultural Change Reduces GenderDifferences in Mobility and Spatial Ability among Seminomadic Pastoralist-Forager Children in Northern Namibia" with Jonathan Stack and Elizabeth Cashdan in Human Nature here: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12110-021-09388-7 Get incolved with the One Pencil Project through Website: https://www.onepencilproject.org email: info@onepencilproject.org Twitter: @1PencilProject Facebook: @TheOnePencilProject Instagram: onepencilproject Contact the Sausage of Science Podcast and Human Biology Association: Facebook: www.facebook.com/groups/humanbiologyassociation Website:humbio.org/, Twitter: @HumBioAssoc Cara Ocobock, Website: sites.nd.edu/cara-ocobock/, Email:cocobock@nd.edu, Twitter:@CaraOcobock Chris Lynn, HBA Public Relations Committee Chair, Website: cdlynn.people.ua.edu/, Email: cdlynn@ua.edu, Twitter:@Chris_Ly Delaney Glass, Website: dglass.netlify.app/, Email: dglass1@uw.edu, Twitter: @GlassDelaney Alexandra Niclou, Email: aniclou@nd.edu, Twitter: @fiat_Luxandra

Assistant Professor of Gerontology Andrei Irimia joins Professor George Shannon to discuss brain imaging and brain health, including his work to determine who is most at risk for Alzheimer's disease after suffering a concussion or traumatic brain injury. Quotes from the episode On who is at risk for traumatic brain injury or TBI and adverse impacts from them Usually, injuries sustained early in life are the least likely to cause issues down the road during the aging process. And in fact, the brain is most robust to brain injuries in the first and second decades of life and injuries sustained during that period have typically the best outcomes and the best rates of recovery. And as we age, it becomes more and more difficult for the brain to recover after a traumatic brain injury. So, older adults, especially those over the age of 65, are at the highest risk for a poor outcome after a concussion or a more severe traumatic brain injury. After the age 40 or 45,  there is a little bit of an increase in the risk for degenerative disease, including Alzheimer's disease. And that risk really increases after age 65. We have a preliminary study where we found that the biological age of the brain increases dramatically after a traumatic brain injury sustained after the age of 65, whereas for concussions sustained before that time, the biological age of the brain does not increase substantially at all. On sex differences in traumatic brain injury impacts It appears that in males, there is a higher risk for sequelae down the road up to about age 65, but for persons who are injured after the age of 65, there's actually a greater risk for atrophy of the brain in females, which is interesting because, as you already know, the risk for Alzheimer's disease is higher in females. And also the onset of Alzheimer's disease is typically after the age of 60 or 65. So one thing that my lab is very interested in is how exactly sex interacts with hormonal changes with the rates of biological brain aging and with other factors in determining the risk for Alzheimer's disease. There have been studies indicating without a doubt that there is an increase in the risk for Alzheimer's disease after traumatic brain injury, especially moderate to severe brain injuries.   On identifying patients at risk for cognitive impairment after brain injury We've done a number of studies that have been funded by the National Institutes of Health and the Department of Defense on how we might be able to predict the risk for cognitive decline after traumatic brain injury. And we have studied cohorts of patients with Alzheimer's disease and compared them to healthy control adults who are age and sex match, who did not have a history of neurological disorders or have mental health disease. And, we found that it is actually possible using some tools that involve machine learning to predict the rate of cognitive decline based on acute imaging findings shortly after the injury. And we were able using these techniques to determine that the fact that we can actually identify the patients who are most likely to, uh, be at the highest risk for accelerated cognitive impairment six months or even one year or further after injury based on imaging scans. So this value, I believe is very valuable because it can identify patients who might benefit from additional monitoring and supervision by their clinicians and who might benefit from tailored therapies and from lifestyle changes that might decelerate the rate of cognitive impairment and might decrease the risk for Alzheimer's disease or other neurodegenerative diseases.   On studying the brain and heart health of the Tsimane This is a very interesting and very important project that's been ongoing for essentially 20 years now. And I'm very fortunate to be part of a very large and talented group of interdisciplinary researchers who study the Tsimane people of the lowland Amazon basin in Bolivia. The Tsimane are a group of forager horticulturalists who live a very traditional lifestyle that does not rely on electricity or any of the amenities that we are used to in the industrialized world. They live in villages located in the forest of lowland areas in Bolivia very far from, uh, electricity from paved roads from modern medicine. And the reason they are very interesting to study is because they have profiles, especially pertaining to their cardiovascular health, to their neurological health and to their inflammatory profile that is very similar to that of our ancestors, many thousands of years ago. And here's a lot of interest in whether, Alzheimer's disease, whether cardiovascular disease and, and many other disorders are perhaps, at least in part, the result of a modern industrialized environment, where we have a large amount of processed foods being used, especially here in the United States where we have air pollution, water pollution where we have a lifestyle involving sedentarianism, which is, uh, very common in the United States and elsewhere in industrial life countries. And by contrast that Tsimane live a very active lifestyle and they live off the land. So, the men go hunting in the forest with bow and arrow. Their cooking does not involve trans fats or a lot of the unhealthy fats that are included in many of the processed foods here in the United States. So it's a very interesting natural experiment so to say, because their example allows us to study how Alzheimer's disease and cardiovascular disease might be in fact, predicated on some of the environmental factors that we have here in the United States and in other industrialized countries. And, my part of this collaboration is focused again, on the brain. And we had a study recently in the Journal of Gerontology where we showed that the brain of the Tsimane people after adjusting for head size, have a rate of volume decrease, which is considerably slower than in populations from the United States and Europe. And we found this to be a significant result because the rate of brain atrophy is very highly correlated with the rate of cognitive decline and with the rate of Alzheimer's disease risk. And, in addition to that, the Tsimane have a very low prevalence of cardiovascular disease. And in fact, a couple of years ago, our group published a paper in the Lancet showing that the Tsimane are the population at the lowest risk for cardiovascular disease out of all populations that have been studied by science. So this is a very unique group who seemed to have excellent cardiovascular health. And now with our study on the brain, we have shown that they also have a very slow rate of brain atrophy, which raises the question as to whether our lifestyle here in the United States and in other countries that are industrialized, where we have unhealthy diets and a sedentary lifestyle might actually increase the risk of Alzheimer's and risk of cardiovascular disease to extent that are highly significant.

Amazon indigenous group's lifestyle may hold a key to slowing down aging Tsimane people are unique for their healthy brains that age more slowly   University of Southern California, May 27, 2021 A team of international researchers has found that the Tsimane indigenous people of the Bolivian Amazon experience less brain atrophy than their American and European peers. The decrease in their brain volumes with age is 70% slower than in Western populations. Accelerated brain volume loss can be a sign of dementia.  The study was published May 26, 2021 in the Journal of Gerontology, Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences.  Although people in industrialized nations have access to modern medical care, they are more sedentary and eat a diet high in saturated fats. In contrast, the Tsimane have little or no access to health care but are extremely physically active and consume a high-fiber diet that includes vegetables, fish and lean meat.  "The Tsimane have provided us with an amazing natural experiment on the potentially detrimental effects of modern lifestyles on our health," said study author Andrei Irimia, an assistant professor of gerontology, neuroscience and biomedical engineering at the USC Leonard Davis School of Gerontology and the USC Viterbi School of Engineering. "These findings suggest that brain atrophy may be slowed substantially by the same lifestyle factors associated with very low risk of heart disease."  The researchers enrolled 746 Tsimane adults, ages 40 to 94, in their study. To acquire brain scans, they provided transportation for the participants from their remote villages to Trinidad, Bolivia, the closest town with CT scanning equipment. That journey could last as long as two full days with travel by river and road.  The team used the scans to calculate brain volumes and then examined their association with age for Tsimane. Next, they compared these results to those in three industrialized populations in the U.S. and Europe.  The scientists found that the difference in brain volumes between middle age and old age is 70% smaller in Tsimane than in Western populations. This suggests that the Tsimane's brains likely experience far less brain atrophy than Westerners as they age; atrophy is correlated with risk of cognitive impairment, functional decline and dementia.  The researchers note that the Tsimane have high levels of inflammation, which is typically associated with brain atrophy in Westerners. But their study suggests that high inflammation does not have a pronounced effect upon Tsimane brains.  According to the study authors, the Tsimane's low cardiovascular risks may outweigh their infection-driven inflammatory risk, raising new questions about the causes of dementia. One possible reason is that, in Westerners, inflammation is associated with obesity and metabolic causes whereas, in the Tsimane, it is driven by respiratory, gastrointestinal, and parasitic infections. Infectious diseases are the most prominent cause of death among the Tsimane.  "Our sedentary lifestyle and diet rich in sugars and fats may be accelerating the loss of brain tissue with age and making us more vulnerable to diseases such as Alzheimer's," said study author Hillard Kaplan, a professor of health economics and anthropology at Chapman University who has studied the Tsimane for nearly two decades. "The Tsimane can serve as a baseline for healthy brain aging."  Healthier hearts and -- new research shows -- healthier brains  The indigenous Tsimane people captured scientists' -- and the world's -- attention when an earlier study found them to have extraordinarily healthy hearts in older age. That prior study, published by the Lancet in 2017, showed that Tsimane have the lowest prevalence of coronary atherosclerosis of any population known to science and that they have few cardiovascular disease risk factors. The very low rate of heart disease among the roughly 16,000 Tsimane is very likely related to their pre-industrial subsistence lifestyle of hunting, gathering, fishing, and farming.  "This study demonstrates that the Tsimane stand out not only in terms of heart health, but brain health as well," Kaplan said. "The findings suggest ample opportunities for interventions to improve brain health, even in populations with high levels of inflammation."   Tai chi about equal to conventional exercise for reducing belly fat in middle aged and older adults University of Hong Kong, May 31, 2021 A randomized controlled trial found that tai chi is about as effective as conventional exercise for reducing waist circumference in middle-aged and older adults with central obesity. Central obesity, or weight carried around the midsection, is a major manifestation of metabolic syndrome and a common health problem in this cohort. The findings are published in Annals of Internal Medicine.  Tai chi is a form of mind-body exercise often described as "meditation in motion." It is practiced in many Asian communities and is becoming increasingly popular in Western countries, with more than 2 million people practicing it in the United States. While it is known to be a suitable activity for older people including those who are not active, there previously has been little evidence on tai chi's health benefits.  Researchers from the University of Hong Kong randomly assigned more than 500 adults over 50 with central obesity to a regimen of tai chi, conventional exercise, or no exercise over 3 months. Participants in the tai chi and exercise groups met for instructor-led workouts for 1 hour 3 times a week for 12 weeks. The tai chi program consisted of the Yang style of tai chi, the most common style adopted in the literature, and the conventional exercise program consisted of brisk walking and strength training activities. Waist circumference and other indicators of metabolic health were measured at baseline, 12 weeks, and 38 weeks. The researchers found that both the tai chi intervention and conventional exercise intervention group had reductions in waist circumference, relative to control. The reduction in waist circumference had a favorable impact on HDL cholesterol, or so-called good cholesterol, but did not translate into detectable differences in fasting glucose or blood pressure.  According to the study authors, their findings are good news for middle-aged and older adults who have central obesity but may be averse to conventional exercise due to preference or limited mobility.   Prenatal exposure to paracetamol associated with ADHD and autism symptoms in childhood Study of more than 70,000 European children bolsters the findings of previous research Barcelona Institute for Global Health (Spain), May 31, 2021 An epidemiological study of more than 70,000 children in six European cohorts has linked symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum conditions (ASC) to the mothers' use of paracetamol (acetaminophen) during pregnancy. The study, published in the European Journal of Epidemiology, was led by the Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), a centre supported by the "la Caixa" Foundation.  In total, the researchers analysed 73,881 children for whom data were available on prenatal or postnatal exposure to paracetamol, at least one symptom of ASC or ADHD, and main covariates. Depending on the cohort, 14% to 56% of the mothers reported taking paracetamol while pregnant.  The study found that children exposed to paracetamol before birth were 19% more likely to develop ASC symptoms and 21% more likely to develop ADHD symptoms than children who were not exposed.  "Our findings are consistent with previous research," explained ISGlobal researcher Sílvia Alemany, lead author of the study. "We also found that prenatal exposure to paracetamol affects boys and girls in a similar way, as we observed practically no differences."  "Our results address some of the weaknesses of previous meta-analyses," commented Jordi Sunyer, researcher at ISGlobal and last author of the study. "Considering all the evidence on the use of paracetamol and neurological development, we agree with previous recommendations indicating that while paracetamol should not be suppressed in pregnant women or children, it should be used only when necessary."  At some point during pregnancy, an estimated 46%-56% of pregnant women in developed countries use paracetamol, which is considered the safest analgesic/antipyretic for pregnant women and children. However, mounting evidence has linked prenatal paracetamol exposure to poorer cognitive performance, more behavioural problems, and ASC and ADHD symptoms. Those previous studies have been criticised for their heterogeneity. In the new study, therefore, "an effort was made to harmonise the assessment of ADHD and ASC symptoms and the definition of paracetamol exposure," explained Alemany. "The sample is large," she added, "and it includes cohorts from multiple European countries: the United Kingdom, Denmark, the Netherlands, Italy, Greece and Spain. We also used the same criteria for all of the cohorts, thereby reducing the heterogeneity of criteria that has hampered previous studies."  The study also analysed postnatal exposure to paracetamol and found no association between paracetamol use during childhood and ASC symptoms. Nevertheless, the research team concluded that further studies are needed, given the heterogeneity of postnatal paracetamol exposure among the various cohorts, which ranged from 6% to 92.8%. The six cohorts included the study were as follows:   1. Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) 2. Danish National Birth Cohort (DNBC)  3. Gene and Environment: Prospective Study on Infancy in Italy (GASPII)  4. Generation R Study 5. INMA (including four subcohorts) 6. Mother-Child Cohort in Crete (RHEA)     Waking just one hour earlier cuts depression risk by double digits University of Colorado, May 28, 2021 Waking up just one hour earlier could reduce a person's risk of major depression by 23%, suggests a sweeping new genetic study published May 26 in the journal JAMA Psychiatry. The study of 840,000 people, by researchers at University of Colorado Boulder and the Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, represents some of the strongest evidence yet that chronotype--a person's propensity to sleep at a certain time --influences depression risk.  It's also among the first studies to quantify just how much, or little, change is required to influence mental health.  As people emerge, post-pandemic, from working and attending school remotely-- a trend that has led many to shift to a later sleep schedule--the findings could have important implications.  "We have known for some time that there is a relationship between sleep timing and mood, but a question we often hear from clinicians is: How much earlier do we need to shift people to see a benefit?" said senior author Celine Vetter, assistant professor of integrative physiology at CU Boulder. "We found that even one-hour earlier sleep timing is associated with significantly lower risk of depression." Previous observational studies have shown that night owls are as much as twice as likely to suffer from depression as early risers, regardless of how long they sleep. But because mood disorders themselves can disrupt sleep patterns, researchers have had a hard time deciphering what causes what. Other studies have had small sample sizes, relied on questionnaires from a single time point, or didn't account for environmental factors which can influence both sleep timing and mood, potentially confounding results.  In 2018, Vetter published a large, long term study of 32,000 nurses showing that "early risers" were up to 27% less likely to develop depression over the course of four years, but that begged the question: What does it mean to be an early riser? To get a clearer sense of whether shifting sleep time earlier is truly protective, and how much shift is required, lead author Iyas Daghlas, M.D., turned to data from the DNA testing company 23 and Me and the biomedical database UK Biobank. Daghlas then used a method called "Mendelian randomization" that leverages genetic associations to help decipher cause and effect.  "Our genetics are set at birth so some of the biases that affect other kinds of epidemiological research tend not to affect genetic studies," said Daghlas, who graduated in May from Harvard Medical School.  More than 340 common genetic variants, including variants in the so-called "clock gene" PER2, are known to influence a person's chronotype, and genetics collectively explains 12-42% of our sleep timing preference.  The researchers assessed deidentified genetic data on these variants from up to 850,000 individuals, including data from 85,000 who had worn wearable sleep trackers for 7 days and 250,000 who had filled out sleep-preference questionnaires. This gave them a more granular picture, down to the hour, of how variants in genes influence when we sleep and wake up.  In the largest of these samples, about a third of surveyed subjects self-identified as morning larks, 9% were night owls and the rest were in the middle. Overall, the average sleep mid-point was 3 a.m., meaning they went to bed at 11 p.m. and got up at 6 a.m. With this information in hand, the researchers turned to a different sample which included genetic information along with anonymized medical and prescription records and surveys about diagnoses of major depressive disorder.  Using novel statistical techniques, they asked: Do those with genetic variants which predispose them to be early risers also have lower risk of depression? The answer is a firm yes.  Each one-hour earlier sleep midpoint (halfway between bedtime and wake time) corresponded with a 23% lower risk of major depressive disorder. This suggests that if someone who normally goes to bed at 1 a.m. goes to bed at midnight instead and sleeps the same duration, they could cut their risk by 23%; if they go to bed at 11 p.m., they could cut it by about 40%. It's unclear from the study whether those who are already early risers could benefit from getting up even earlier. But for those in the intermediate range or evening range, shifting to an earlier bedtime would likely be helpful. What could explain this effect? Some research suggests that getting greater light exposure during the day, which early-risers tend to get, results in a cascade of hormonal impacts that can influence mood. Others note that having a biological clock, or circadian rhythm, that trends differently than most peoples' can in itself be depressing. "We live in a society that is designed for morning people, and evening people often feel as if they are in a constant state of misalignment with that societal clock," said Daghlas. He stresses that a large randomized clinical trial is necessary to determine definitively whether going to bed early can reduce depression. "But this study definitely shifts the weight of evidence toward supporting a causal effect of sleep timing on depression."  For those wanting to shift themselves to an earlier sleep schedule, Vetter offers this advice: "Keep your days bright and your nights dark," she says. "Have your morning coffee on the porch. Walk or ride your bike to work if you can, and dim those electronics in the evening."     Olive oil nutrient may help prevent brain cancer University of Edinburgh, June 2, 2021 A compound found in olive oil may help to prevent cancer developing in the brain, a study shows. Research into oleic acid – the primary ingredient in olive oil – has shown how it can help prevent cancer-causing genes from functioning in cells. The oily substance – one of a group of nutrients known as fatty acids – stimulates the production of a cell molecule whose function is to prevent cancer-causing proteins from forming. The study team says it is too soon to say whether dietary consumption of olive oil may help prevent brain cancer. Their findings, however, point towards possible therapies based on the oil to prevent brain cancer from occurring. Scientists from the University analysed the effect of oleic acid on a cell molecule, known as miR-7, which is active in the brain and is known to suppress the formation of tumours. They found that oleic acid prevents a cell protein, known as MSI2, from stopping production of miR-7. In this way, the olive oil component supports the production of miR-7, which helps prevent tumours from forming. Researchers made their discoveries in tests on human cell extracts and in living cells in the lab. The study, published in the Journal of Molecular Biology, was funded by the Medical Research Council and the Wellcome Trust. "While we cannot yet say that olive oil in the diet helps prevent brain cancer, our findings do suggest that oleic acid can support the production of tumour-suppressing molecules in cells grown in the lab. Further studies could help determine the role that olive oil might have in brain health," says Dr Gracjan Michlewski.   Study: Boosting selenium intake can help reduce osteoporosis risk Central South University (China), May 29, 2021 Researchers from China have found that increased selenium intake may reduce a person’s risk for osteoporosis. In their report, experts from Central South University in Changsha recruited over 6,200 participants and measured the bone mineral density in the middle phalanges of the second to fourth fingers of their non-dominant hand. The team then assessed the participants’ dietary patterns, particularly their selenium intake, through a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire which the subjects answered twice within three weeks. After analyzing the participants’ bone mineral density using a compact radiographic absorptiometry system, the team discovered that 9.6 percent of the subjects have osteoporosis. The majority of the cases were reported among women, with 19.7 percent having been diagnosed with the disease. Among men, only 2.3 percent were diagnosed with osteoporosis. The researchers also compared the dietary data of those diagnosed with osteoporosis to those who were not. They found that there are significant differences between the participants in terms of age, gender, smoking and drinking habits, BMI, blood pressure levels, physical activity levels, nutrient supplementation, dietary calcium intake, dietary fiber intake and dietary energy intake. The factors above were measured as they are considered to be vital for the development and prevention of osteoporosis. But most of all, the team observed a significant difference between the subjects with osteoporosis and those who don’t have the disease in terms of dietary selenium intake. The researchers found that those who have osteoporosis also have lower levels of dietary selenium consumption. A person can increase his selenium intake by eating Brazil nuts, fish, shellfish, beef, turkey, chicken, fortified cereals, whole-wheat bread, beans, lentils and eggs. The recommended dietary allowance for selenium is 55 micrograms per day for adult men and women above 19 years old. For pregnant and lactating women, the recommended intake is between 60 to 70 micrograms per day. However, in the study, which involved Chinese citizens, the participants’ selenium intake averaged only 43.5 micrograms per day. This is comparable to the average daily selenium intake of Europeans, which is 40 micrograms per day. The low selenium intake of both populations could be due to the low-selenium content of the soil in both areas. Selenium and thyroid hormones Selenium primarily functions in the body as an essential component of selenoproteins, composed of various enzymes and proteins that help protect the cells from damage and infections. Selenoproteins are also needed in producing DNA and in the metabolism of thyroid hormones. The thyroid glands have the highest concentration of selenium in the body. In connection to thyroid hormones, the researchers postulated that low selenium levels might have increased the level of thyroid hormones in the blood, which may have caused an accelerated bone loss and osteoporosis in the subjects with low dietary selenium intake. Thyroid problems have indirect correlations with osteoporosis and are considered as secondary causes. This means that elevated thyroid hormone levels don’t directly cause osteoporosis, but they can influence how the body maintains a healthy mineral bone density. In addition, hyperthyroidism, a thyroid disorder characterized by too much production of a thyroid hormone thyroxine, is considered as having a close link to the development of osteoporosis. This is because elevated levels of thyroxine accelerate the process of bone degradation, which is conducted by the osteoclasts. Osteoclasts are the cells that dissolvethe bones, initiating new bone production, which is conducted by another cell — the osteoblasts. Excessive thyroxine levels make the osteoclasts work faster than the osteoblasts, causing the bones to be fragile or brittle. However, the researchers in the study did not confirm a causal relationship between dietary selenium intake and osteoporosis, but future studies are underway to provide support to their findings.   Juvenile selenium deficiency impairs cognition and energy homeostasis  University of Hawaii, May 26, 2021 According to news originating from Honolulu, Hawaii, by NewsRx correspondents, research stated, “Selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient of critical importance to mammalian life.” The news reporters obtained a quote from the research from University of Hawaii: “Its biological effects are primarily mediated via co-translational incorporation into selenoproteins, as the unique amino acid, selenocysteine. These proteins play fundamental roles in redox signaling and includes the glutathione peroxidases and thioredoxin reductases. Environmental distribution of Se varies considerably worldwide, with concomitant effects on Se status in humans and animals. Dietary Se intake within a narrow range optimizes the activity of Se-dependent antioxidant enzymes, whereas both Se-deficiency and Se-excess can adversely impact health. Se-deficiency affects a significant proportion of the world’s population, with hypothyroidism, cardiomyopathy, reduced immunity, and impaired cognition being common symptoms. Although relatively less prevalent, Se-excess can also have detrimental consequences and has been implicated in promoting both metabolic and neurodegenerative disease in humans.” According to the news editors, the research concluded: “Herein, we sought to comprehensively assess the developmental effects of both Se-deficiency and Se-excess on a battery of neurobehavioral and metabolic tests in mice. Se-deficiency elicited deficits in cognition, altered sensorimotor gating, and increased adiposity, while Se-excess was surprisingly beneficial.”

Wie sicher sind Pandemie-Prognosen? (10:59) - So lebt das gesündeste Volk der Welt (17:19) // dailyquarks@wdr.de --> schreibt uns!

Wie sicher sind Pandemie-Prognosen? (10:59) - So lebt das gesündeste Volk der Welt (17:19) // dailyquarks@wdr.de --> schreibt uns!

Wie sicher sind Pandemie-Prognosen? (10:59) - So lebt das gesündeste Volk der Welt (17:19) // dailyquarks@wdr.de --> schreibt uns!

El fiscal de San Borja, Jaime Malala, informa sobre el caso del joven quemado vivo en una comunidad Tsimane, tras ser acusado de un asesinato. --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/erboldigital/message

Have you been prey to justifications from people that said women should never fast because it damages their metabolism? Or that paleo women had a super-healthy physique because they used to eat less and exercise more? If yes, get ready to be surprised as Dr. Jade tells you why everything you know about metabolism is wrong! In this episode, he talks about female metabolism, how and why it differs from that of the paleo women, the metabolic governor effect, and the importance of disassociating from the myths circling the same. He uses case studies of the Hadza women and the Tsimane women to explain why the Eat Less, Exercise Less, Move More model is what you should strive for. Listen in!   Also, Dr. Jade is launching the first-ever female-specific fat loss certification program called The Metabolic Female for professionals. This course is a guide through everything he has done in the realm of metabolism, plus all the latest and greatest information on female metabolism in particular. Check out the links below, you cannot miss out on this opportunity!   Related Links:  Workout system Metabolic Renewal The Metabolic Female Certification Program   Check out the new Next Level Human sponsor! For anyone who has trouble eating fruits & vegetables, OR knows someone who does, check out the line up at organifi.com! Use code NEXTLEVEL for 15% off.   --- Connect with Dr. Jade Teta Website: www.jadeteta.com Instagram: @jadeteta

This week Chris and Cara chat with Dr. Michael Gurven on a variety of topics, ranging from advice on finding a field site that matches your research interests, the long and challenging process of establishing a successful longitudinal study, the importance of true collaborative work with indigenous populations (especially in response to the COVID-19 pandemic), and the need to move beyond “WEIRD” populations and consider health and human biology in more diverse groups. Learn more about Dr. Gurven’s work at his website: https://gurven.anth.ucsb.edu/ Email him at: gurven@anth.ucsb.edu and follow him on Twitter @MGurven You can learn more about the Tsimane Health and Life History Project here: http://tsimane.anth.ucsb.edu/ Read the Tsimane team’s paper on responding to COVID-19 within indigenous populations here: https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(20)31104-1/fulltext The paper “WEIRD bodies: mismatch, medicine and missing diversity” can be found here: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1090513820300465 Contact the Sausage of Science and Human Biology Association: Facebook: www.facebook.com/groups/humanbiologyassociation Website:humbio.org/, Twitter: @HumBioAssoc Cara Ocobock, Website: sites.nd.edu/cara-ocobock/, Email:cocobock@nd.edu, Twitter:@CaraOcobock Chris Lynn, HBA Public Relations Committee Chair, Website:cdlynn.people.ua.edu/, Email:cdlynn@ua.edu, Twitter:@Chris_Ly Caroline Owens, Email: cowens8@emory.edu, Twitter: @careowens Theresa Gildner, Email: Theresa.E.Gildner@dartmouth.edu, Twitter: @TEGildner

Welcome to our 10th episode! Today’s show is another in our ‘mini minds’ series. We’ve been experimenting with different formats for our minis, as you may have noticed, but today we’ve got another in the classic blogpost style. The topic is the acronym WEIRD—maybe you’ve heard it used. It stands for Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, and Democratic. It’s become a shorthand for the idea that people in WEIRD societies are a bit unusual relative to the rest our species. The term was first introduced 10 years ago. On this episode I talk about its origins and the far-reaching influence it’s had since. As with all episodes, be sure to check out the show notes for a smorgasbord of links and tidbits. There was a lot I had to leave on the cutting room floor with this one. But I swept some of it up and put it in the notes for anyone who’s interested. Enjoy!   A text version of this "mini" is readable here.    Notes and links 2:00 – The birthplace of the acronym: ‘The weirdest people in the world?’ 2:44 – A 2008 paper by Jeffrey Arnett that provided key support for the first part of Henrich et al.’s two-part argument. 3:35 – The visual illusion in question is the Müller-Lyer Illusion. 3:52 – These cultural differences in spatial conceptualization were first widely reported by Stephen Levinson and colleagues. See his book for the full story (or see a popular article of mine for a much shorter version). 4:33 – See the commentary by Meadon and Spurrett titled ‘It’s not just the subjects – there are too many WEIRD researchers.’ 4:45 – See the commentary by Rozin titled ‘The weirdest people in the world are a harbinger of the future of the world.’ For an expansion of Rozin’s argument, with more examples, see my article on “global WEIRDing”. 5:45 – See David F. Lancy, The Anthropology of Childhood. (Note that only the second edition came out after the WEIRD article was published.) One part of child development that proves unexpectedly variable across cultures is learning to walk and other motor milestones. 6:30 – The intersection of smell and WEIRD-ness is discussed in a recent special issue—see the editorial introduction here. Long-standing ideas about the impoverished nature of human olfaction are discussed here. 6:48 – A study comparing olfactory sensitivity in Tsimane people and Germans. 6:55 – For discussion of the idea that odors are ineffable, see this article. The same article was also among the first to characterize the elaborated and consistently applied odor lexicon of a hunter-gatherer group. Other papers have since built on this work. 7:23 – See the paper titled ‘WEIRD bodies: Mismatch, medicine, and missing diversity.’ Foot flatness and flexibility in “conventionally shod” populations are discussed in this paper. 8:10 – The researchers behind the original WEIRD paper—and their students—have kept busy themselves, exploring and expanding many related themes. See papers on theodiversity, the possible influence of the Catholic Church on WEIRD psychology, and the use of a new tool for mapping degrees of cultural distance. 8:22 – For a variety of articles raising issues of sample diversity, see: the 2014 opinion piece on the exclusion of left-handers from studies in cognitive neuroscience; another piece on diversity issues in cognitive neuroscience, focusing on issues of racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic homogeneity; an article on “anglocentrism” in linguistics; and a commentary on “missing diversity” in genetics. 9:11 – For the idea that our understanding of primates may be skewed by a focus on captive primates, see ‘The Mismeasure of Ape Social Cognition.’ For the STRANGE framework, see here. 10:00 – For recent critiques, see here and here. The quote about the “homogeneous West” comes from the Broesch et al. (2020) paper; the quote about treating humans as “endangered butterflies” comes from Barrett (2020). Conducting research on sensitive populations is a major theme of Broesch et al. (2020). 11:15 – The analysis of persistent sampling problems in developmental psychology is here. The analysis of the journal Psychological Science is here. Patricia Bauer’s editorial is here.   Many Minds is a project of the Diverse Intelligences Summer Institute (DISI) (https://www.diverseintelligencessummer.com/), which is made possible by a generous grant from the Templeton World Charity Foundation to UCLA. It is hosted by Kensy Cooperrider, with creative support from DISI Directors Erica Cartmill and Jacob Foster, and Associate Director Hilda Loury. Our artwork is by Ben Oldroyd (https://www.mayhilldesigns.co.uk/). Our transcripts are created by Sarah Dopierala (https://sarahdopierala.wordpress.com/). You can subscribe to Many Minds on Apple, Stitcher, Spotify, Pocket Casts, Google Play—or wherever you like to listen to podcasts. We welcome your comments, questions, and suggestions. Feel free to email us at: manymindspodcast@gmail.com. For updates about the show, follow us on Twitter: @ManyMindsPod.

Marcelo Perez is the founder and CEO of Untamed Angling–one of South America's largest fly-fishing lodge collectives, and also one of the only organizations that splits its profits with the native tribes with whom it works.

The coronavirus was late to arrive in Bolivia, which gave anthropologist Hillard Kaplan time to implement a self-protection program for the 16,000 members of the Tsimane indigenous group.  So far, although the outbreak is raging in the nearest town to Tsimane country, their self-imposed quarantine seems to be working. 

Alan Schultz's research takes him deep into the Amazon rainforests of Bolivia, where he studies the Tsimane', an indigenous people group who have lived a pre-industrial forager-farmer lifestyle for generations. In this Baylor Connections, Schultz, an assistant professor of anthropology, examines the forces of change on the Tsimane'. As the outside world encroaches on their traditional lifestyle, he shares the impact on community, health, families and more.

This Week In Wellness a Bolivian hunter gatherer tribe famous for its impeccable heart health has seen an increase in their levels in recent years as their levels of cooking oil intake have gone up. The Tsimane’ isolated population have traditionally eaten a whole food omnivorous diet including lean meats, fish, fruits and vegetables and Listen In The post TWIW 49: Cooking oils lead to increased obesity in hunter gatherers appeared first on The Wellness Couch.

Brian Sanders is the filmmaker behind the documentary, Food Lies, and the host of the Peak Human Podcast. Brian’s background is in mechanical engineering and technology, and he’s driven to help others reverse chronic disease using ancestral health and wellness principles. Brian has recently partnered with a physician as a health coach and is building technology to help people communicate with their doctors, track their health, and implement a healthy diet.  In this podcast, Brian and I talk about his film, which touts the benefits of a nutrient-dense whole food diet and debunks myths about eating meat and saturated fat. We discuss the many aspects of his ancestral-health outreach, including his Nose to Tail farm that ships 100% grass-fed meat and the SAPIEN diet plan he makes freely available to everyone. Here’s the outline of this interview with Brian Sanders: [00:00:19] Documentary: Food Lies (still being crowdfunded). [00:00:28] Brian's background; family health problems. [00:02:17] Mark Sisson. [00:03:21] Documentary: What the Health. [00:03:55] Food in Hawaii. [00:05:48] Weston A Price. [00:11:03] Veganism in LA. [00:12:48] Vinnie Tortorich; FAT: A Documentary. [00:15:26] Carnivore vs vegan as a business model. [00:16:45] SAPIEN Diet. [00:20:38] Denise Minger; Kitavans, Tsimane in Bolivia. [00:24:30] Calories do matter. [00:26:35] Ted Naiman. [00:26:59] Amber O'Hearn; Podcast: A Carnivore Diet for Physical and Mental Health. [00:27:09] Bioavailability of zinc from oysters when eating corn tortillas and beans: Solomons, Noel W., et al. "Studies on the bioavailability of zinc in man. II. Absorption of zinc from organic and inorganic sources." Journal of laboratory and clinical medicine (1979). [00:31:35] Paul Saladino. [00:32:15] Book: The Good Gut: Taking Control of your Weight, Your mood, and Your Long-Term Health, by Justin Sonnenburg. [00:32:49] Gary Taubes. [00:33:07] Bill Lagakos on animal fibre.  Podcast with Bill: Why You Should Eat Breakfast (and Other Secrets of Circadian Biology). [00:34:59] Top priority: Get yourself fat adapted. [00:36:54] Mike T Nelson; Podcasts: 1. High Ketones and Carbs at the Same Time? Great Performance Tip or Horrible Idea…, 2. The Importance of Strength Training for Endurance Athletes, 3. How to Assess an Athlete: The Best Principles, Methods, and Devices to Use. [00:41:00] Dr. Gary Shlifer.  [00:41:25] Virta Health. [00:42:48] Nose to Tail; US Wellness Meats. [00:44:48] Dr. Frank Mitloehner. [00:45:29] Diana Rodgers, RD, Sacred Cow film; Podcast with Diana Rodgers: Kale vs Cow: The Case for Better Meat. [00:45:45] Savory Institute; Robb Wolf on sustainable meat farming. [00:45:55] Book: War on Carbs, by Mark Bell. [00:48:45] Peak Human Podcast guests: Prof. Tim Noakes, Jeff Volek, Mark Sisson, Paul Saladino. USDA scientist Dr. David Klurfeld.

Western ears consider a pitch at double the frequency of a lower pitch to be the same note, an octave higher. The Tsimane’, an indigenous people in the Bolivian Amazon basin, do not.

Western ears consider a pitch at double the frequency of a lower pitch to be the same note, an octave higher. The Tsimane’, an indigenous people in the Bolivian Amazon basin, do not.

Epstein Conspiracies and Amazon fires (00:30)Vegans using Amazon fires to promote anti-beef movement (04:30)Tsimane diet- Amazonian tribe eat 70% carbs, 15%protein, 15% fats. Lowest heart problems. (10:10)authority vs obedience experiment (15:00)test results of 750 Tsimane (18:00)high inflammation due to high intake of carbs? (22:30)Eskimo diet high fats and protein, 2-8% carbs (26:00)processed food is the true enemy (29:00)baby fed strict vegan diet gone wrong (31:00)what are rickets? (34:45)70% of Americans have a nutrient deficiency (37:00)talking about a balanced diet with your clients (43:30)be easy with add ons like cream cheese (46:25)Yeufre’s progress after 26 weeks dieting (51:20)SLEEP is key for progress (54:20)macros breakdown (56:20)fasting (57:00)Articles https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/health/2019/08/20/most-common-nutritional-deficiencies/39976101/https://www.businessinsider.com/harvard-nutrition-expert-suggests-a-high-fat-high-carb-breakfast-2019-8https://draxe.com/health/anti-aging/tsimane-diet/https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2013/jun/19/japanese-diet-live-to-100https://www.bbc.com/news/world-australia-49430857Support the show (http://Patreon.com/revivalfitness)

Científicos europeos  y grupos indígenas presionan para que el presidente Jair Bolsonaro  respete el medio ambiente y los derechos. Una Vuelta al Mundo dialogó de este tema con  Victoria Reyes-García, una antropóloga española que vivió 4 años entre los cazadores-recolectores de Tsimane en el Amazonas. También en el programa de esta semana: * En Nigeria liberaron 900 niños de las milicias civiles que combaten a los yihadistas de Boko Haram. *  Radio Francia  Internacional entrevista a la autora del libro  “La Guerra del Paraguay y la constitución de la identidad nacional”. * Se cumplen  50 años de la llegada del hombre a la luna. Radio Nacional de España recuerda este hecho histórico. Una Vuelta al Mundo recorre durante media hora las noticias internacionales más destacadas de la semana junto a  nuestras emisoras asociadas Radio Nacional de España, Radio Francia Internacional, Radio Nacional de Paraguay. El programa es un espacio de encuentro entre todas estas radios y con ellas analiza lo que pasó con una mirada distinta, fuera de la agenda dura y urgente. Staff: ·         Cecilia Diwan, en la conducción ·         Christian Brennan, en la producción general ·         Diego Rosato, en la operación

USC University Professor Caleb Finch is working to understand the relationships between aging, genes and the environment through his studies of ancient mummies and premodern societies. Quotes from this episode How people in ancient times may have had heart disease, currently the world’s leading cause of death:  “The oldest individual may be the Tyrolean iceman, Ötzi, as he's called, who is... 3000 BC, living in the Copper Age. And, both of his carotid arteries were calcified. He died because of a wound from a weapon. But, I think it's a conclusion that's fairly robust. Is that they're, at least in the last 10,000 years in the Neolithic area era, people have had some level of atherosclerosis. Although, it may not have been a major cause of death or disability.”  On the paradox of how the Tsimane population lives with high levels of inflammation but low levels of heart disease, even at older ages: “So, what has turned out to my cardiologist's surprise, when they actually started imaging the older Tsimane that they have almost no vascular disease, and stroke and heart attack are very rare causes of death. They're mostly...death is caused by infections, or associated with infections. And, it's a wonderful mystery as to how the rate of blood vessel aging is so much slower in this population than in North America and Western Europe. So we're studying this in terms of diet, in terms of stress, in terms of disease load, and, of course, we are looking at their individual genetics. … And, that's why the Tsimane project is so fascinating because they have lifelong high inflammation, and we all would have predicted and did that they would have had faster aging for these same diseases. But it's not the case, at least for that heart disease.” On the surprises that come with scientific research: “So, that's one of the great pleasures in science. As you put your best thoughts together and let them be challenged, looking at different varieties of lifestyle and it turns up that there are things that seem paradoxical that give deeper insights into basic mechanisms of aging.” Learn more about Professor Finch and his work at gero.usc.edu/faculty/finch

Music Theorist Daniel Shanahan recommends "Indifference to dissonance in native Amazonians reveals cultural variation in music perception" by Josh H. McDermott, Alan F. Schultz, Eduardo A. Undurraga, and Ricardo A. Godoy, published in Nature Letters in 2016. Dan and Finn interview Josh about the musical culture of the Tsimane people, adapting music cognition experiments for cross-cultural studies, and what the absence of preference for consonant intervals (over dissonant intervals) in the people of one culture means for theories of music cognition more broadly. Time Stamps [0:00:00] Introduction with Dan [0:13:16] Interview with Josh and introduction to the Tsimane and their music culture [0:22:41] Experiment Design on Preference for Consonance and Dissonance [0:28:04] Experiment results and the distinction between melodic and harmonic intervals [0:32:53] Cross-culture study methodologies and follow up studies [0:38:39] Implications of results on experiences of western music listeners [0:42:04] Relationship of these results to other studies of preference for consonance [0:48:16] Closing with Dan   Show notes Recommended article: McDermott, J. H., Schultz, A. F., Undurraga, E. A., & Godoy, R. A. (2016). Indifference to dissonance in native Amazonians reveals cultural variation in music perception. Nature, 535(7613), 547. Interviewee: Prof. Josh McDermott, Associate Professor, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Co-host: Prof. Dan Shanahan, Assistant Professor of Music Theory and Cognition at Ohio State University Works cited in the discussion: Trainor, L. J., Tsang, C. D., & Cheung, V. H. (2002). Preference for sensory consonance in 2-and 4-month-old infants. Music Perception: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 20(2), 187-194. Chiandetti, C., & Vallortigara, G. (2011). Chicks like consonant music. Psychological science, 22(10), 1270-1273. McDermott, J., & Hauser, M. (2004). Are consonant intervals music to their ears? Spontaneous acoustic preferences in a nonhuman primate. Cognition, 94(2), B11-B21. Polak, R., London, J., & Jacoby, N. (2016). Both isochronous and non-isochronous metrical subdivision afford precise and stable ensemble entrainment: a corpus study of malian jembe drumming. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 10, 285. Jacoby, N., & McDermott, J. H. (2017). Integer ratio priors on musical rhythm revealed cross-culturally by iterated reproduction. Current Biology, 27(3), 359-370.   Credits The So Strangely Podcast is produced by Finn Upham, 2018. Audio samples of Tsimane singing and experiment stimuli are taken form the Supplementary materials (samples 3, 4, 8, and 1) to the recommended article. Included with permission from Prof. McDermott. The closing music includes a sample of Deutsch's Speech-Song Illusion Sound Demo 1.

“The Sausage of Science Podcast with Cara & Chris” From the Public Relations Committee of the Human Biology Association SoS23- When it Rains, It Floods: A Chat with Asher Rosinger In episode 23, we talk with Dr. Asher Rosinger, a member of the Human Biology Association and Assistant Professor of Biobehavioral Health and Anthropology at Penn State. At Penn State, Rosinger examines human response to changing nutritional and economic environments through water and dietary intake and the significance of mismatches in these relationships for short/long-term health, nutrition, and disease. In this episode, he discusses his path to anthropology, as well as stories from his dissertation work with the Tsimane, work at the CDC, and life as a new parent (including a few well-deserved “Dad Jokes”). With several publications presently in the works, Rosinger takes some time to shares his tips for collaborative work, big data analysis, and publication success. Opportunities for secondary data analysis grant funding through the NIH are detailed on the NIH website: https://grants.nih.gov/grants/funding/r03.htm. He is also seeking a graduate student in the Department of Biobehavioral Health, and is happy to chat with any interested candidates! More information about his research can be found at his faculty page: http://anth.la.psu.edu/people/axr579, and can be reached via email at axr579@psu.edu or on twitter @asher_rosinger. The Sausage of Science is produced by Cara Ocobock and Chris Lynn, with assistance from Junior Service Fellow Caroline Owens for the Public Relations Committee of the Human Biology Association. The song in the soundbed is “Always Lyin’” by the Morning Shakes. Contact the Sausage of Science and Human Biology Association: Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/groups/humanbiologyassociation Website:http://humbio.org/, Twitter: @HumBioAssoc Michaela Howells, Public Relations Committee Chair, Email: howellsm@uncw.edu Cara Ocobock, Website: https://sites.nd.edu/cara-ocobock/, Email:cocobock@nd.edu, Twitter:@CaraOcobock Chris Lynn, Website:http://cdlynn.people.ua.edu/, Email:cdlynn@ua.edu, Twitter:@Chris_Ly Caroline Owens, Email: cowens8@emory.edu, Twitter: @careowens

Why do we sleep? Why did sleep evolve? How much is enough? Do we die if we don’t get enough? Kate Rusk, Joe Alcock, Coffee Brown and special guest Gandhi Yetish discuss these topics in this episode of the EvolutionMedicine podcast. Gandhi has studied the Tsimane, a hunter horticulturalist group in Bolivia. This group, as well as hunter gatherers in Africa - the Hadza and the San - sleep about the same as us: just over 6 hours. What does that result mean for us iPhone gazing city dwellers?

The golden dorado of Tsimane in Bolivia attract anglers from all over the...

Researchers find the Tsimane people in the forests of Bolivia to have the healthiest hearts in the world. Why?

Ben Trumble, antropólogo, es un investigador que lleva años con los Tsimane, un grupo de indígenas que vive en la selva de Bolivia, en condiciones similares a las de nuestros ancestros, hace miles de años. Los Tsimane son cazadores, recolectores y cultivan pequeños terrenos. Trumble, que estudia sus hábitos y enfermedades, comparándolas con las de las sociedades industrializadas, se centró en el estudio del gen ApoE4, llamado el gen del Alzheimer. En los Tsimane, a muchos de quienes tienen una copia del gen, ¡se les dan mejor las pruebas de habilidades cognitivas! La razón de tal mejora podría estar en los parásitos que los aquejan.

Ben Trumble, antropólogo, es un investigador que lleva años con los Tsimane, un grupo de indígenas que vive en la selva de Bolivia, en condiciones similares a las de nuestros ancestros, hace miles de años. Los Tsimane son cazadores, recolectores y cultivan pequeños terrenos. Trumble, que estudia sus hábitos y enfermedades, comparándolas con las de las sociedades industrializadas, se centró en el estudio del gen ApoE4, llamado el gen del Alzheimer. En los Tsimane, a muchos de quienes tienen una copia del gen, ¡se les dan mejor las pruebas de habilidades cognitivas! La razón de tal mejora podría estar en los parásitos que los aquejan.

John Freemuth, Boise State Univ on Western land management. Jeff Smith and David Berdish of Virginia Commonwealth Univ explain how pervasive human trafficking is. Brian Moon of the Univ of Arizona on the algorithms that choose your playlist. Joe Conrad created Man Therapy campaign to combat mental health care stigma. The Tsimane people of the Amazon can teach us about ourselves, with Michael Gurven, UC Santa Barbara. Robert Carr of Northwestern Univ discusses how the military leads millennials.

The headlines on Friday 17th March were effectively “Call off the search – we’ve found the healthiest hearts in the world.” They had been found in the Tsimane people of Bolivia. The headlines came from a study in The Lancet.

No episódio de hoje iremos tratar principalmente de 2 assuntos recentes: Estudo mostra que os corações mais saudáveis do mundo estão na tribo Tsimane que vive na Bolívia e tem sua dieta composta de 72% carboidratos, segundo estudo. Como é possível? Estudo mostra que o consumo de ovos e laticínios integrais está associado a menor risco de diabetes. Veremos mais sobre isso... O que comemos na última refeição. Espero que aproveite este episódio

Sign up for our highlights email and each week we’ll send you: An interesting scientific paper we've read with actionable advice. Nonsense we read/heard this week and why it's nonsense. Something awesome we read/listened to this week and why it's awesome. I was inspired to record this podcast by a discussion that took place on the Lower Insulin Facebook group. I love the conversation that goes on over there, but like many of debates we see around the Internet, the conversation is somewhat one-dimensional. Low-carb, high-fat, moderate protein, intermittent fasting and you'll be okay. After working with close to 1,000 athletes to improve their health, performance and longevity, we know that's not always true, and we’re confident that a complete solution must give consideration to everything we outline in this episode. The five things (in no particular order): 1. Eat a minimally processed diet food free of added sugar and vegetable oils (processed fats). Because processed foods: Are less nutrient-dense. Are designed to make you overeat. Increase insulin responses due to processing. Alter the gut microbiota unfavourably. Translocate endotoxins such as LPS across the gut wall. This induces inflammation and hyperinsulinaemia. Induce leptin and insulin resistance centrally which leads to overeating. 2. Get sufficient sleep and Sunlight! 3. Appropriately manage stress, social connectedness and purpose. Consider stress of dieting. 4. Move like a human, i.e. walk, stand, and occasionally lift heavy things. 5. Consider magnesium and zinc deficiency (especially in athletes). If you’re an athlete and you’re doing all of the above (and I mean doing not knowing) and you’re still not meeting your goals then we should talk! Book a free consultation online. Here’s the outline of this interview with Dr Tommy Wood, MD, PhD: [00:00:34] Tommy's PhD defence. [00:04:32] Low Carb Breckenridge 2017. [00:04:43] Dr Jeffry N. Gerber, MD, FAAFP. [00:06:07] LPS (endotoxin) translocation across the gut wall. [00:07:28] Coronary artery calcium score, see The Widowmaker movie. [00:09:12] Functional Blood Chemistry Presented by: Dr Bryan Walsh. [00:10:32] Lower Insulin Facebook group. [00:11:49] Minimally processed diet free of added sugar and processed fats. [00:15:46] The gut microbiome, insulin and leptin resistance. [00:16:11] Emulsifiers. [00:16:47] Gluten, dairy, soy and eggs. [00:18:06] Food sensitivity testing. [00:19:14] Podcast with Dr Ellen Langer, PhD: How to Think Yourself Younger, Healthier, and Faster. [00:19:58] ALCAT and MRT food sensitivity tests. [00:22:21] Nutrition, Paleolithic. "A consideration of its nature and current implications." New England Journal of Medicine 312.5 (1985): 283-9. [00:22:35] Sleep. [00:25:33] Podcast: How to Get Perfect Sleep with Dr Kirk Parsley, MD. [00:26:51] Breaking the vicious sleep cycle. [00:27:08] Podcast with Dr Chris Masterjohn, PhD: Why We Get Fat and What You Should Really Do About It. [00:27:20] Photoperiod: go the fuck outside already. [00:28:43] F.lux et al. [00:29:01] Yoon, In-Young, et al. "Luteinizing hormone following light exposure in healthy young men." Neuroscience letters 341.1 (2003): 25-28. [00:30:57] Stress. [00:31:09] Podcast with Dr Bryan Walsh: Social Isolation: The Most Important Topic Nobody is Talking About. [00:32:05] Purpose. [00:35:54] Sir Ken Robinson, PhD: books and TED Talk. [00:36:34] Book: Why Zebras Don't Get Ulcers by Dr Robert M. Sapolsky, PhD. [00:38:20] Headspace, Calm. [00:39:30] Movement, especially walking. [00:40:34] Podcasts with Katy Bowman and Dr Kelly Starrett. [00:41:02] Getting a dog. [00:43:07] Ivor Cummins: magnesium and zinc deficiency. [00:44:31] Highlights email sign-up. [00:47:38] Testing. See podcast with Dr Bill Shaw: Surviving in a Toxic World: Nonmetal Toxic Chemicals and Their Effects on Health. [00:48:17] Podcast with Todd Becker: Getting Stronger. [00:48:36] Smoke from wood stove. [00:49:12] Advanced glycation end products (AGEs). [00:49:49] Allostatic load. [00:50:11] Vlassara, Helen, et al. "Oral AGE restriction ameliorates insulin resistance in obese individuals with the metabolic syndrome: a randomised controlled trial." Diabetologia 59.10 (2016): 2181-2192. And Uribarri, Jaime, et al. "Restriction of advanced glycation end products improves insulin resistance in human type 2 diabetes." Diabetes care 34.7 (2011): 1610-1616. [00:52:34] Helko Vario 2000 Heavy Log Splitter (maul). [00:53:30] Podcast with Joshua Fields Millburn: Love People and Use Things (Because the Opposite Never Works). [00:53:36] The Fireplace Delusion by Sam Harris. Naeher, Luke P., et al. "Woodsmoke health effects: a review." Inhalation toxicology 19.1 (2007): 67-106. [00:53:59] Carmella, Steven G., et al. "Effects of smoking cessation on eight urinary tobacco carcinogen and toxicant biomarkers." Chemical research in toxicology 22.4 (2009): 734-741. [00:55:33] Tommy's personal blog. Trumble, Benjamin C., et al. "Age-independent increases in male salivary testosterone during horticultural activity among Tsimane forager-farmers." Evolution and Human Behavior 34.5 (2013): 350-357. [01:00:43] Personal care products, see the EWG’s Skin Deep database. [01:01:36] Stool testing. [01:01:47] GI-MAP. [01:02:43] Blastocystis parasite blog. [01:03:20] Rajič, Borko, et al. "Eradication of Blastocystis hominis prevents the development of symptomatic Hashimoto’s thyroiditis: a case report." The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 9.07 (2015): 788-791. [01:05:31] Doctor's Data test. [01:05:40] Cyclospora parasite. [01:06:52] Jones, Kathleen R., Jeannette M. Whitmire, and D. Scott Merrell. "A tale of two toxins: Helicobacter pylori CagA and VacA modulate host pathways that impact disease." Frontiers in microbiology 1 (2010): 115. [01:08:22] Biocidin liquid. [01:09:18] Book a free consultation. [01:10:47] If I don’t have the answer, then Tommy will, and if he doesn’t then someone I’ve interviewed will, so if you work with me you know you’re going to get fixed no matter what.

This week Ashley, Brian and A discuss if one's appreciate of music is a cultural or instinctive trait.

The dinosaurs met their end with a massive bang when, 66 million years ago, a 6 mile-wide rock crashed into the Gulf of Mexico. This was bad news for the dinosaurs, and consequently good news for the mammals left behind. Thomas Halliday is a palaeontologist, who specialises on the rise of the mammals, and his new work unpicks what happened to survivors after 75% of the species on earth died. The Neanderthals were found in Gibraltar back in 1848. Ever since then, teams have been exploring the caves systems on that rocky outcrop of Europe. It's known as Neanderthal City and researchers think it was home to the very last of these people, some 30,000 years ago. BBC science reporter Melissa Hogenboom has just returned from Gibraltar and talks to Adam about the recent findings of abstract art, which suggest that Neanderthals are much more like us than previously thought. We generally find the combination of notes in a consonant chord more pleasant to our ears than a dissonant one. The question is whether that reaction is learnt or simply part of our biology. It's a tricky thing to test because music is culturally ubiquitous. Neuroscientist Josh McDermott has found a way around this, by playing those tunes to members of a very remote Bolivian tribe - the Tsimane - and gauging their reactions. One year on since the New Horizons probe zoomed past Pluto, Kathy Olkin, one of the chief scientists behind the mission talks to Adam about how the team have dealt with the new data. Noah Hammond from Brown University explains how he has used photographic data from New Horizons to examine the cracks in the surface of Pluto, and has suggested how they came to be. Presenter: Adam Rutherford Producer: Adrian Washbourne.

Is more more, or is more less? We look at two very different experiments about quantity, quality, and sex. How does the type and amount of porn a man views influence how much semen he produces? And do women from around the world prefer a taller or a shorter man? Download the MP3 Participate in my research! The psychology of fail videos (women only) How do you help others? Rate me! Rate, review, or listen in iTunes or in Stitcher. Read the transcript! Do Women Always Prefer Taller Men? President Coolidge and Semen Quality Shaq is over 2ft taller than his on-off girlfriend, reality TV star "Hoopz". This difference in height is larger than in most couples, but Western women do seem to prefer taller men. Do women from non-Western societies share their predilection?The articles covered in the show: Joseph, P. N., Sharma, R. K., Agarwal, A., & Sirot, L. K. (in press). Men ejaculate larger volumes of semen, more motile sperm, and more quickly when exposed to images of novel women. Evolutionary Psychological Science. Read summarySorokowski, P., Sorokowska, A., Butovskaya, M., Stulp, G., Huanca, T., & Fink, B. (2015). Body height preferences and actual dimorphism in stature between partners in two non-Western societies (Hadza and Tsimane’). Evolutionary Psychology, 13(2), 455-469. Read summary

Mission Fatima, Bolivia. After 8 days of hunting and fishing in the jungles of central Bolivia with the Tsimane people, Steven Rinella talks with Phillip Baribeau, Dan Doty, and Janis Putelis from the MeatEater crew. Subjects discussed include: the moral complexities of eating a monkey; the pain of getting stung by bullet ants; fishing for dorado, maturo, surubi, and sabalo; western influences on indigenous South American tribes; dugout canoes; the late Mississippi comedian and storyteller Jerry Clower; various guns and bows; 19th Century fat cats; trying to determine the meaning of inscrutable hand gestures given by indigenous hunters; how much the Tsimane love monkey meat. Mentioned links and notes: -Watch: MeatEater Crew Eats Monkey Stew -Jerry Clower reference "too much like folks" -Interview with Marco about his jaguar's story will be posted at a later date. -MeatEater airs on Sportsman Channel Thursdays at 8pm e/p -To watch episodes of MeatEater instantly, use code MEATEATERPODCAST at checkout to get $5 off any volume on meateater.vhx.tv