Podcasts about bosnian muslims

Moazzam Begg was born in the suburbs of Birmingham in 1968, grew up in Moseley, and holds dual UK-Pakistani citizenship. During his secondary education, Begg became a member of the Birmingham Lynx street gang, which was formed to combat persecution by far-right anti-immigrant groups. Begg attended Solihull College and then the University of Wolverhampton, where he studied Law for two years before dropping out.Begg became interested in Islam during a family vacation to Saudi Arabia and Pakistan in his late teens. He returned to Pakistan in late 1993 and decided to cross the Pakistan–Afghan border to go to a camp where US-backed nationalist and Islamic insurgents were training to fight the Soviet-backed Afghan government. Begg admitted that he travelled to Bosnia in the early 1990s to support Muslims during the war after being inspired by the “mujahideen's” dedication. He stated that he was “terrified by some of the reports... of the horrors taking place there.” In 1994, he joined a foundation that dealt with Bosnian Muslims. Begg also attempted to visit Chechnya during its battle with Russia in the early 1990s. While he believed that “fighting wasn't out of the question,” he claims that he did not take part in the armed battle but did provide financial aid to foreign militants. At the time of his arrest in 1994, anti-terrorist police allegedly discovered night vision goggles, a flak jacket, and “extreme Islamist literature” in his residence. Begg argued that the goggles and flak jacket were from his charity work in Bosnia and Chechnya, and he denied having any “extremist Islamist material.” Begg, according to his father, has been collecting military memorials as a passion since childhood.According to the Pentagon, Begg received extensive training at three al-Qaeda-affiliated terrorist camps. Begg was identified as a “member of al-Qaeda and affiliated organisations” who was "engaged in hostilities against the United States and its coalition partners” in Afghanistan and “provided support to al-Qaeda terrorists, by providing shelter for their families,” according to the statement. Begg rejected all of these allegations, claiming that he “never planned, assisted, or participated in any assaults on Westerners.”

After the Second World War Yugoslavia and its six republics were unified under the communist rule of Josip Broz Tito. But by the early 1990s it all came undone. More than 100,000 people were killed in the Yugoslav wars for independence, many through deliberate campaigns of ethnic cleansing. What happened? Why did Serbs, Bosnian Muslims, and Croats descend into civil war? And what role exactly did UN peacekeepers have to play during an on-going war? Episode four of "Forgotten War" explores the history of the Yugoslav wars for independence along with guest Sandra Perron. She was Canada's first female infantry officer and deployed to both Bosnia and Croatia. Perron explains the difficulty of being a peacekeeper "when there is no peace to keep," the ethnic tensions that exploded throughout the region, and the personal battle she had within a military that wasn't ready to accept women in combat roles. This video was made in partnership with Canada Company. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

This Day in Legal History: Slobodan Milošević Charged with GenocideOn August 30, 2001, the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) announced that former Yugoslav President Slobodan Milošević would face charges of genocide, marking a pivotal moment in international law. This decision added to the existing charges of war crimes and crimes against humanity related to his role in the brutal conflicts that ravaged the Balkans in the 1990s. Milošević, who sought to prevent the breakup of the Yugoslav Federation through violent ethnic campaigns, was accused of orchestrating mass atrocities, particularly against Bosnian Muslims during the Bosnian War.The genocide charges centered on his alleged responsibility for the Srebrenica massacre, where over 8,000 Bosnian Muslim men and boys were systematically executed by Bosnian Serb forces. The ICTY's indictment of Milošević was historic, as it was the first time a sitting head of state was charged with genocide by an international tribunal. The trial, which began in 2002, was a complex and lengthy process, reflecting the gravity of the accusations and the challenges of prosecuting such high-level war crimes. Although Milošević died in 2006 before a verdict could be reached, the charges against him underscored the international community's commitment to holding leaders accountable for genocide and other severe human rights violations.Walt Disney and DirecTV are urgently negotiating to renew their distribution agreement before it expires on Sunday. Failure to reach a deal could result in DirecTV's 11 million subscribers losing access to Disney channels like ABC and ESPN just before the NFL season begins and during the U.S. Open tennis tournament. DirecTV is pushing for the option to offer smaller, lower-priced packages that exclude ESPN, catering to consumers' preferences in the streaming era. Disney, however, wants to preserve the value of its sports content, proposing a sports-centric package including ESPN and ABC. The negotiations are influenced by ongoing changes in the pay TV industry, where subscriber numbers have declined sharply due to the rise of streaming services. The companies are also dealing with the impact of sports streaming rights, which have been central to maintaining pay TV subscribers. A new sports-streaming service called Venu Sports, backed by Disney, Fox, and Warner Bros. Discovery, has been delayed by a legal dispute with FuboTV over antitrust claims related to content bundling practices. The dispute underscores the challenges facing traditional pay TV providers as they navigate the growing demand for streaming options. The outcome of these negotiations will have significant implications for the future of sports broadcasting and the pay TV industry.Disney and DirecTV aim to renew deal ahead of NFL season | ReutersThe DC Court of Appeals has revived a lawsuit against Coca-Cola, brought by Earth Island Institute, alleging the company made misleading claims about its sustainability efforts. The lawsuit challenges statements made by Coca-Cola, such as a tweet asserting that "business and sustainability are not separate stories" for the company. Initially, the Superior Court ruled in 2022 that these statements were merely aspirational and did not violate consumer protection laws. However, the appeals court disagreed, stating that Earth Island plausibly argued that Coca-Cola's statements could mislead consumers into believing the company is environmentally responsible, when it might not be. This case is part of a broader trend of "greenwashing" lawsuits, where companies are accused of overstating their environmental commitments. The Federal Trade Commission is also expected to provide more guidelines on environmental marketing claims through its updated "Green Guides."Coca-Cola Must Face Suit Over Sustainability Claims After AppealX (formerly Twitter) is bracing for a potential shutdown in Brazil following escalating tensions between Elon Musk and Supreme Court Judge Alexandre de Moraes. The conflict intensified when the court froze the bank accounts of Musk's Starlink satellite firm after X failed to appoint a legal representative in Brazil by a court-imposed deadline. The dispute stems from Moraes' orders to block certain accounts on X accused of spreading misinformation, which Musk condemned as censorship. Musk responded by criticizing Moraes publicly and offering free internet access to Brazilians via Starlink. The legal battle could result in X losing access to one of its major markets, as the company has already threatened to shut down operations in Brazil due to what it describes as censorship. The situation reflects broader concerns over freedom of speech versus compliance with local laws in digital platforms.Elon Musk's X braces for shutdown in Brazil as spat with judge intensifies | ReutersAmazon lost its bid to overturn a unionization vote at its Staten Island JFK8 warehouse, solidifying it as the company's first unionized facility in the U.S. The National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) dismissed Amazon's objections to the 2022 election, where workers voted 2,654-2,131 in favor of joining the Amazon Labor Union (ALU). This ruling certifies the election results, allowing the ALU to represent the facility's roughly 8,000 workers. However, Amazon plans to appeal the decision, arguing that both the ALU and the NLRB interfered with the election. Despite the ruling, Amazon may refuse to bargain with the union, potentially leading to further legal battles. The NLRB has already accused Amazon of stalling contract negotiations and retaliating against union supporters. The decision faced dissent from the NLRB's Republican member, who argued that the union's actions, including those by its founder Christian Smalls, illegally coerced workers into voting for the union.Amazon Staten Island Center Is Retailer's First to Unionize (1)AT&T has been fined $950,000 by the FCC for a 911 service outage in August 2023, which affected parts of Illinois, Kansas, Texas, and Wisconsin. This is the latest in a series of similar outages, including two earlier incidents in 2024 that disrupted 911 services across multiple states. The most recent outage was caused by an independent contractor who unintentionally disabled part of the network during unscheduled testing. Despite AT&T's vast revenues and close ties with the U.S. government, which includes significant tax breaks and deregulation, the company has struggled to maintain reliable 911 service. These issues come amid broader concerns about AT&T's network security, as recent hacks have compromised the data of over 73 million customers. Critics argue that the government's lenient oversight and generous financial support of AT&T have contributed to its ongoing performance problems, including these critical service failures.AT&T Has To Settle Over Another 911 Outage, This Time For $950k | TechdirtThis week's closing theme is by Georg Böhm.This week's closing theme brings us into the contemplative world of Georg Böhm, a prominent figure in the German Baroque era. Born on September 2, 1661, Böhm was a distinguished organist and composer whose works deeply influenced the musical landscape of his time. Perhaps best known for his contributions to organ music, Böhm held the prestigious position of organist at St. John's Church in Lüneburg, where he became a key figure in the development of the Northern German organ school. His music is marked by its expressive depth and innovative use of the chorale.Tonight, we turn our attention to his beautiful setting of the Lutheran chorale Vater Unser im Himmelreich, a piece that perfectly captures the devotional spirit of the Baroque period. This work is a chorale prelude for organ, where Böhm takes the familiar melody of the Lord's Prayer and weaves it into an intricate and reflective tapestry of sound. Through his masterful use of counterpoint and ornamentation, Böhm brings out the theological and emotional depth of the text, creating a piece that is both meditative and majestic. As we listen, we can appreciate Böhm's ability to transform a simple hymn tune into a profound musical meditation, making it a fitting choice for our closing theme. Enjoy the rich harmonies and spiritual resonance of Georg Böhm's Vater Unser im Himmelreich. This is a public episode. If you'd like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit www.minimumcomp.com/subscribe

Join Faheem Nasir & Salman Qamar for Thursday's show from 4-6pm where we will be discussing: ‘Remembering Srebrenica' and ‘Future Careers' Remembering Screbrenica Are you aware of the tragic history of Srebrenica, where over 8,000 Bosnian Muslim men and boys were brutally killed in 1995. We'll explore the ongoing quest for justice, the impact on survivors, and the global lessons in human rights and reconciliation. Future Careers There are lots of jobs around today that didn't exist ten or twenty years ago. With technology advancing rapidly, the world of work is going to look very different in the future. Join us LIVE at 5 pm to discuss the Future of Careers, exploring emerging fields like AI, renewable energy, and biotech. With 85% of jobs in 2030 not yet invented, discover how to prepare for the careers of tomorrow and stay ahead in a rapidly changing world Guests Include: Meliha Avdic- Involved with citizen action in Bosnia Safeta Cerimovic- Convert originally from Bosnia , Living in the USA Emina Mućaki- President of Ahmadiyya Muslim Women's Community in Bosnia Kentaro Toyama- Professor of Community Information and an author Producers: Faeza Syed and Noor us Sabah

Brown v. United States, No. 22-6389 (U.S. May 23, 2024)sentence enhancement; ACCA; Pennsylvania marijuana; Florida cocaine; categorical approach point of comparison Matter of M-N-I-, 28 I&N Dec. 803 (BIA 2024)choice of law; change of venue; Matter of Garcia; administrative control court; notice of hearing Tulung v. Garland, No. 23-2430 (1st Cir. May 21, 2024)changed country condition motion to reopen; Chinese Christian; Indonesia; cumulative evidence; point of comparison; new evidenceDurakovic v. Garland, No. 23-2430 (8th Cir. May 20, 2024)Bosnian Muslims; religion and nexus; police information; one central reason vs. a reason; asylum and withholding nexus standard Leger v. U.S. Att'y Gen., No. 22-10971 (11th Cir. May 20, 2024)sexual abuse of a minor aggravated felony; INA § 101(a)(43)(A); Said and marijuana; prior precedent rule; Fla. Stat. § 800.04(4); age differential; statutory rape; generic definition and statutory construction; deficient NTA; claims processing rule argument misconstrued by BIA as jurisdictionSponsors and friends of the podcast!Kurzban Kurzban Tetzeli and Pratt P.A.Immigration, serious injury, and business lawyers serving clients in Florida, California, and all over the world for over 40 years.Docketwise"Modern immigration software & case management"Filevine"Your Complete Legal Tech Stack, Supercharged by AI"Promo: Immigration.AI/ImmigrationReview Stafi"Remote staffing solutions for businesses of all sizes"Promo Code: stafi2024Get Started! Promo Code: FREEWant to become a patron?Click here to check out our Patreon Page!CONTACT INFORMATIONEmail: kgregg@kktplaw.comFacebook: @immigrationreviewInstagram: @immigrationreviewTwitter: @immreviewAbout your hostCase notesRecent criminal-immigration article (p.18)Featured in San Diego VoyagerDISCLAIMER & CREDITSSee Eps. 1-200Support the Show.

Chandra Levy, an intern in Washington, D.C., disappeared in May 2001. Her case made headlines when her voicemail was checked- a message from Gary Condit checking on her was heard. Condit represented California's 18th Congressional district in the house of Representatives. His extramarital affair with the young woman would cause a world sensation of press coverage. He was ruled out as a suspect- but never could get over the damage to his political aspirations. Serbian leader Slobodan Milosevic pushed an agenda of nationalism and promoted xenophobia toward other ethnicities in Yugoslavia. In the 1990s, some 100,000 Bosnian Muslims and Croation civilians were murdered. Some 50,000 children and women were raped. Mass killing sites are still being discovered today. Episode Series - Notorious Political Affairs If you enjoyed this episode, check out Barbara Newhall Follett Missing — Misdeeds & Intrigue (misdeedsandintrigue.com). Follow Misdeeds & Intrigue Podcast on Social Media Facebook: www.facebook.com/misintriguepod Instagram: www.instagram.com/misintriguepod Follow for Curated Collections of Articles Pinterest: https://www.pinterest.com/MisIntriguepod Flipboard: https://flipboard.com/@misintriguepod Watch Related Videos & Clips TikTok: @misintriguepod https://vm.tiktok.com/ZMeD9hE5u/ YouTube Channel: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCkBIxvkybymGErnYs-7XL0g IMDB Playlist: http://www.imdb.com/list/ls088470884/ This episode in general may contain certain copyrighted works that were not specifically authorized to be used by the copyrighted holder(s), but which we believe in good faith are protected by general law and the fair use doctrine for one or more of the purposes of criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship or research. Unscholarly References | 20/20 | ABC News | Al Jazerra | First 48 with Marcia Clark | Dr. Phil | ABC News Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

In her sparkling and splendid new book The Afterlife of Ottoman Europe: Muslims in Habsburg Bosnia Herzegovina (Stanford University Press, 2023), Leyla Amzi-Erdogdular presents a thorough and deeply layered account of the relationship between the Ottoman and Habsburg empires, and Muslims of Bosnia Herzegovina leading to and beyond the Berlin Treaty of 1878. At the heart of Erdogdular's project is an argument for taking seriously the significant continuities in the relationship between Ottoman imperial rule and the religious and political lives of Bosnian Muslims. This meticulously researched and beautifully written book makes a compelling and convincing case for disrupting the popular opinion that locates the beginning of modernity in Bosnia Herzegovina with the onset of Habsburg rule. It does so by showing the complex and fascinating histories and discourses on such critical questions as migration (hijra), the encounter of Islam and modernity, education, and the nation that highlight the important role and place of Bosnian Muslim intellectuals and other actors to this story. This outstanding book is a landmark publication in the study of Islam and Muslim societies that provides a critically significant avenue of learning about a region and history often missed in dominant historiographies. SherAli Tareen is Associate Professor of Religious Studies at Franklin and Marshall College. His research focuses on Muslim intellectual traditions and debates in early modern and modern South Asia. His book Defending Muhammad in Modernity (University of Notre Dame Press, 2020) received the American Institute of Pakistan Studies 2020 Book Prize and was selected as a finalist for the 2021 American Academy of Religion Book Award. His second book is called Perilous Intimacies: Debating Hindu-Muslim Friendship after Empire (Columbia University Press, 2023). His other academic publications are available here. He can be reached at sherali.tareen@fandm.edu. Listener feedback is most welcome. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/new-books-network

In her sparkling and splendid new book The Afterlife of Ottoman Europe: Muslims in Habsburg Bosnia Herzegovina (Stanford University Press, 2023), Leyla Amzi-Erdogdular presents a thorough and deeply layered account of the relationship between the Ottoman and Habsburg empires, and Muslims of Bosnia Herzegovina leading to and beyond the Berlin Treaty of 1878. At the heart of Erdogdular's project is an argument for taking seriously the significant continuities in the relationship between Ottoman imperial rule and the religious and political lives of Bosnian Muslims. This meticulously researched and beautifully written book makes a compelling and convincing case for disrupting the popular opinion that locates the beginning of modernity in Bosnia Herzegovina with the onset of Habsburg rule. It does so by showing the complex and fascinating histories and discourses on such critical questions as migration (hijra), the encounter of Islam and modernity, education, and the nation that highlight the important role and place of Bosnian Muslim intellectuals and other actors to this story. This outstanding book is a landmark publication in the study of Islam and Muslim societies that provides a critically significant avenue of learning about a region and history often missed in dominant historiographies. SherAli Tareen is Associate Professor of Religious Studies at Franklin and Marshall College. His research focuses on Muslim intellectual traditions and debates in early modern and modern South Asia. His book Defending Muhammad in Modernity (University of Notre Dame Press, 2020) received the American Institute of Pakistan Studies 2020 Book Prize and was selected as a finalist for the 2021 American Academy of Religion Book Award. His second book is called Perilous Intimacies: Debating Hindu-Muslim Friendship after Empire (Columbia University Press, 2023). His other academic publications are available here. He can be reached at sherali.tareen@fandm.edu. Listener feedback is most welcome. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/history

In her sparkling and splendid new book The Afterlife of Ottoman Europe: Muslims in Habsburg Bosnia Herzegovina (Stanford University Press, 2023), Leyla Amzi-Erdogdular presents a thorough and deeply layered account of the relationship between the Ottoman and Habsburg empires, and Muslims of Bosnia Herzegovina leading to and beyond the Berlin Treaty of 1878. At the heart of Erdogdular's project is an argument for taking seriously the significant continuities in the relationship between Ottoman imperial rule and the religious and political lives of Bosnian Muslims. This meticulously researched and beautifully written book makes a compelling and convincing case for disrupting the popular opinion that locates the beginning of modernity in Bosnia Herzegovina with the onset of Habsburg rule. It does so by showing the complex and fascinating histories and discourses on such critical questions as migration (hijra), the encounter of Islam and modernity, education, and the nation that highlight the important role and place of Bosnian Muslim intellectuals and other actors to this story. This outstanding book is a landmark publication in the study of Islam and Muslim societies that provides a critically significant avenue of learning about a region and history often missed in dominant historiographies. SherAli Tareen is Associate Professor of Religious Studies at Franklin and Marshall College. His research focuses on Muslim intellectual traditions and debates in early modern and modern South Asia. His book Defending Muhammad in Modernity (University of Notre Dame Press, 2020) received the American Institute of Pakistan Studies 2020 Book Prize and was selected as a finalist for the 2021 American Academy of Religion Book Award. His second book is called Perilous Intimacies: Debating Hindu-Muslim Friendship after Empire (Columbia University Press, 2023). His other academic publications are available here. He can be reached at sherali.tareen@fandm.edu. Listener feedback is most welcome. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/islamic-studies

In her sparkling and splendid new book The Afterlife of Ottoman Europe: Muslims in Habsburg Bosnia Herzegovina (Stanford University Press, 2023), Leyla Amzi-Erdogdular presents a thorough and deeply layered account of the relationship between the Ottoman and Habsburg empires, and Muslims of Bosnia Herzegovina leading to and beyond the Berlin Treaty of 1878. At the heart of Erdogdular's project is an argument for taking seriously the significant continuities in the relationship between Ottoman imperial rule and the religious and political lives of Bosnian Muslims. This meticulously researched and beautifully written book makes a compelling and convincing case for disrupting the popular opinion that locates the beginning of modernity in Bosnia Herzegovina with the onset of Habsburg rule. It does so by showing the complex and fascinating histories and discourses on such critical questions as migration (hijra), the encounter of Islam and modernity, education, and the nation that highlight the important role and place of Bosnian Muslim intellectuals and other actors to this story. This outstanding book is a landmark publication in the study of Islam and Muslim societies that provides a critically significant avenue of learning about a region and history often missed in dominant historiographies. SherAli Tareen is Associate Professor of Religious Studies at Franklin and Marshall College. His research focuses on Muslim intellectual traditions and debates in early modern and modern South Asia. His book Defending Muhammad in Modernity (University of Notre Dame Press, 2020) received the American Institute of Pakistan Studies 2020 Book Prize and was selected as a finalist for the 2021 American Academy of Religion Book Award. His second book is called Perilous Intimacies: Debating Hindu-Muslim Friendship after Empire (Columbia University Press, 2023). His other academic publications are available here. He can be reached at sherali.tareen@fandm.edu. Listener feedback is most welcome. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/eastern-european-studies

Dženita Karić's new book Bosnian Hajj Literature: Multiple Paths to the Holy (Edinburgh University Press, 2023) maps the diverse understandings of the hajj in relation to Islamic geography by Bosnian Muslim authors who wrote in different genres from the 16th to the 21st centuries. The study captures how hajj was imagined and constructed in relation to Islamic cosmology, rituals, Sufi saints, and political and temporal realities, while remaining unchanged in other ways. The book generatively theorizes geographies in relation to mobilities but also in relation to emotion, body, and embodiment, materiality, and the sacred. The book will be of interest to scholars of Bosnian studies, Islamic studies, and especially pilgrimage and ritual studies.  Shobhana Xavier is an Associate Professor of Religious Studies at Queen's University. More details about her research and scholarship may be found here and here. She may be reached at shobhana.xavier@queensu.ca. You can follow her on Twitter via @shobhanaxavier. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/new-books-network

Dženita Karić's new book Bosnian Hajj Literature: Multiple Paths to the Holy (Edinburgh University Press, 2023) maps the diverse understandings of the hajj in relation to Islamic geography by Bosnian Muslim authors who wrote in different genres from the 16th to the 21st centuries. The study captures how hajj was imagined and constructed in relation to Islamic cosmology, rituals, Sufi saints, and political and temporal realities, while remaining unchanged in other ways. The book generatively theorizes geographies in relation to mobilities but also in relation to emotion, body, and embodiment, materiality, and the sacred. The book will be of interest to scholars of Bosnian studies, Islamic studies, and especially pilgrimage and ritual studies.  Shobhana Xavier is an Associate Professor of Religious Studies at Queen's University. More details about her research and scholarship may be found here and here. She may be reached at shobhana.xavier@queensu.ca. You can follow her on Twitter via @shobhanaxavier. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/islamic-studies

Dženita Karić's new book Bosnian Hajj Literature: Multiple Paths to the Holy (Edinburgh University Press, 2023) maps the diverse understandings of the hajj in relation to Islamic geography by Bosnian Muslim authors who wrote in different genres from the 16th to the 21st centuries. The study captures how hajj was imagined and constructed in relation to Islamic cosmology, rituals, Sufi saints, and political and temporal realities, while remaining unchanged in other ways. The book generatively theorizes geographies in relation to mobilities but also in relation to emotion, body, and embodiment, materiality, and the sacred. The book will be of interest to scholars of Bosnian studies, Islamic studies, and especially pilgrimage and ritual studies.  Shobhana Xavier is an Associate Professor of Religious Studies at Queen's University. More details about her research and scholarship may be found here and here. She may be reached at shobhana.xavier@queensu.ca. You can follow her on Twitter via @shobhanaxavier. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/literary-studies

Dženita Karić's new book Bosnian Hajj Literature: Multiple Paths to the Holy (Edinburgh University Press, 2023) maps the diverse understandings of the hajj in relation to Islamic geography by Bosnian Muslim authors who wrote in different genres from the 16th to the 21st centuries. The study captures how hajj was imagined and constructed in relation to Islamic cosmology, rituals, Sufi saints, and political and temporal realities, while remaining unchanged in other ways. The book generatively theorizes geographies in relation to mobilities but also in relation to emotion, body, and embodiment, materiality, and the sacred. The book will be of interest to scholars of Bosnian studies, Islamic studies, and especially pilgrimage and ritual studies.  Shobhana Xavier is an Associate Professor of Religious Studies at Queen's University. More details about her research and scholarship may be found here and here. She may be reached at shobhana.xavier@queensu.ca. You can follow her on Twitter via @shobhanaxavier. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/geography

Dženita Karić's new book Bosnian Hajj Literature: Multiple Paths to the Holy (Edinburgh University Press, 2023) maps the diverse understandings of the hajj in relation to Islamic geography by Bosnian Muslim authors who wrote in different genres from the 16th to the 21st centuries. The study captures how hajj was imagined and constructed in relation to Islamic cosmology, rituals, Sufi saints, and political and temporal realities, while remaining unchanged in other ways. The book generatively theorizes geographies in relation to mobilities but also in relation to emotion, body, and embodiment, materiality, and the sacred. The book will be of interest to scholars of Bosnian studies, Islamic studies, and especially pilgrimage and ritual studies.  Shobhana Xavier is an Associate Professor of Religious Studies at Queen's University. More details about her research and scholarship may be found here and here. She may be reached at shobhana.xavier@queensu.ca. You can follow her on Twitter via @shobhanaxavier. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/eastern-european-studies

After the collapse of former Yugoslavia, Bosnian Serb forces laid siege to the Bosnian capital, Sarajevo, in 1992. More than a quarter of a million people lived under almost constant bombardment and sniper fire for more than four years. Over 10,000 were killed. Hunger and destitution took hold quickly. So, a small Jewish charity stepped in to provide essential food and medicine and evacuate elderly people and children from all sides of the conflict. In peace time, Sarajevo's Jewish community had maintained good relations with Bosnian Muslims, Serbs and Croats. This enabled them to provide a haven of peace for everyone. In this episode, Jacky Rowland hears from Jakob Finci, who was the vice president of the Jewish community at the time. Part of their motivation, he says, was that many Jews in Sarajevo had been sheltered by Bosnian Muslims during the Nazi occupation in the 1940s. This is a CTVC production for the BBC World Service. (Photo: members of the Jewish community being evacuated by bus to Croatia in 1993. Credit: Getty Images)

This week marked the 28th commemoration of the Srebrenica genocide. In this episode, Nihal speaks to Dr. Ermin Sinanović, a political scientist who is an expert on Bosnia and Herzegovina, and is also trained as an Islamic scholar from the International Islamic University of Malaysia. Nihal and Dr. Ermin discussed the state of Muslims in Bosnia after the break up of Yugoslavia, Serbian and Croat aggression against the Bosniak Muslim population, and what the future looks like for Bosnia. They also discussed the moral failing of the United Nations in safeguarding the Bosniak Muslims, and how the Dutch soldiers stationed in Bosnia allowed the genocide to occur. While this was a difficult episode to record, many Muslims either do not know what happened to Bosnian Muslims barely 30 years ago, or they have forgotten. As such, we must continue to keep their memory alive through such discussions. -- Ermin Sinanović is executive director of the Center for Islam in the Contemporary World (CICW) at Shenandoah University, where he is also Scholar in Residence. He holds a MA and PhD in Political Science from Syracuse University, two bachelor's degrees (Islam and Political Science) from the International Islamic University Malaysia, and a master's degree from the International Institute of Islamic Thought and Civilization (ISTAC) in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Follow him on Twitter @SinanovicErmin -- Faith in Fine Print is hosted by Nihal Khan and is the official podcast of Maktab Academy. ⁠www.maktabacademy.net

This episode is part of a mini series exploring forced displacement as one of the many legacies of conflict.  Alice interviews Dijana Muminovic, a Bosnian-American documentary photographer who focuses particularly on documenting war's aftermath. Dijana has personal experience of forced migration herself, having moved to the US from Bosnia as a refugee from the Bosnian War.  She now divides her time between working for Medica Zenica, an NGO that supports women and girls who have survived war rape, and her photography work, with a particular interest in telling refugee stories.Dijana starts the episode by recalling her memories of the war in Bosnia - the air raids, the lack of food, water and electricity, and the constant fear, which turned her into a peace campaigner as a child. She also recalls the moment when she first learnt the meaning of the word 'refugee', as groups of Bosnian Muslims began arriving in her town, fleeing the genocide in other parts of the country. In a few years, she would become a refugee herself, and she describes what it was like to leave behind her beloved grandmother and arrive in a country that looked so strange and functioned so differently from everything she was used to.  As Dijana reflects on the challenges she faced - from dirty accommodation to the difficulties of learning English - she helps us grasp the work involved in moving from a state of homelessness to belonging. She remembers how often she felt 'less' than everyone around her, as she struggled to fit in and keep up; and how being introduced as 'a refugee' or as someone who didn't 'speak good English' would reinforce the sense that she was different and had not yet 'made it'. For a long time, she hated being called a refugee; but more recently, she has come to embrace that part of her identity with pride.We discuss a range of Dijana's photography projects, which are all connected with war and displacement.  She talks us through some powerful images she has taken of the ongoing work to locate and identity victims of the Bosnian genocide; and we discuss several series of photographs that look at refugees in the US, on the Croatian-Hungarian border, and in Bosnia itself. Dijana reflects on the ethics of photographing displaced people and forced migration, and the challenges of balancing the duty to document with a more humanitarian role, to provide a welcome and offer support. Her approach revolves around taking time, establishing relationships and building trust, to avoid exploitation and to enable her to tell people's stories with integrity. Her primary audience, she explains, is people who cannot see past the label 'refugee' and who have been influenced by anti-immigration coverage in the press and in politics. As Dijana's work underlines, photography can play a powerful role in building empathy and deepening understanding of the causes and consequences of forced displacement.  We hope you enjoy the episode. You can read more about Dijana's work and see some of her photographs on her website; and we have also published blogs featuring some of her work here and here. You can find out more about our wider work on Visualising Forced Migration via our project website.Our theme music was composed by Jonathan Young.  The show was mixed by Zofia Guertin.  

Vedran ‘Maz' Maslic is the host of ‘The Voices Of War'. In this episode, Maz interviews Dejan Mujkanovic. An Australian Army officer with 19 years of military experience. He has completed several tours of Afghanistan and also deployed to East Timor. He was born in Bosnia in 1980 and experienced the full brunt of the civil war in the 90's. His hometown of Prijedor made global news due to the campaign of ethnic cleansing committed by the Bosnian Serb forces seeking to forcefully remove the Bosnian Muslim and Bosnian Croat populations from the area. As a result of these crimes, many of Dejan's extended family members were lost in concentration camps, which, sadly, includes his father Senad Mujkanovic who was killed in the Omarska concentration camp in 1992. In the ensuing chaos, Dejan was separated from his mother and his siblings, and they have lived apart ever since. During his journey, he was forced to spend over two years in various refugee camps in Croatia and Austria and in late 1995, he was fortunate to settle in Australia with his grandmother. Now, 25 years later, Dejan is married and a proud father to his son. Some of the topics covered are: his reason for joining the Army, how the war in Bosnia started for him, and what good soldiering looks like.

Chandra Levy, intern in Washington, D.C., disappeared in May 2001. Her case made headlines when her voicemail was checked- a message from Gary Condit checking on her was heard. Condit represented California's 18th Congressional district in the house of Representatives. His extramarital affair with the young woman would cause a world sensation of press coverage. He was ruled out as a suspect- but never could get over the damage to his political aspirations. Serbian leader Slobodan Milosevic pushed an agenda of nationalism and promoted xenophobia toward other ethnicities in Yugoslavia. In the 1990s, some 100,000 Bosnian Muslims and Croation civilians were murdered. Some 50,000 children and women were raped. Mass killing sites are still being discovered today.   Episode Series Political Affairs  If you enjoyed this episode, check out the story of Marlon Brando's son who went to prison for killing his sister's boyfriend on MisdeedsandIntrigue.com. Follow Misdeeds & Intrigue Podcast on Social Media Twitter: www.twitter.com/misintriguepod Facebook: www.facebook.com/misintriguepod Instagram: www.instagram.com/misintriguepod   Follow for Curated Collections of Articles Pinterest: https://www.pinterest.com/MisIntriguepod Flipboard: https://flipboard.com/@misintriguepod Watch Related Videos & Clips TikTok: @misintriguepod https://vm.tiktok.com/ZMeD9hE5u/ YouTube Channel: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCkBIxvkybymGErnYs-7XL0g IMDB Playlist: http://www.imdb.com/list/ls088470884/ This episode in general may contain certain copyrighted works that were not specifically authorized to be used by the copyrighted holder(s), but which we believe in good faith are protected by general law and the fair use doctrine for one or more of the purposes of criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship or research. Unscholarly References

An election in Bosnia is set to take place on October 2, as fear and uncertainty grip the country. Russia's invasion of Ukraine has only bolstered fears that Russia might try to use its good relations with Republika Srpska to prompt another conflict with Bosnian Muslims - to hit back at NATO. In this episode: Dr. Adnan Huskic, CSS Professor of International Relations and Politics at University Sarajevo School of Science and Technology Episode credits: This episode was produced by Khaled Soltan. Our host is Sami Zeidan. Our research was done by intern Nada Shakir. George Alwer is the sound designer. Aya Elmileik is the lead engagement producer and Munera AlDosari is the assistant engagement producer. Omar al-Saleh is the executive producer. Connect with us at:@AJEPodcasts on Twitter, Instagram, and Facebook

Part 1 of Blethered Live at SWG3 in Glasgow, with former MI6 Spy Aimen Dean. Aimen talks about his early life in Saudi Arabia and how religious clerics shaped his young mindset... His decision to go and fight in Bosnia at 16 years old, in defence of Bosnian Muslims, and the horrors that he saw... And about when his path first crossed with Osama bin Laden. And as always, there's plenty more. www.dontfretaboutdebt.net/blethered/ Contact: seanmcdonald.podcast@gmail.com Twitter: https://twitter.com/seanmcdonald01

This week, Matt & Alexis sit down with retired Army Colonel, author, TEDx speaker, and now social studies teacher, Fred Johnson. Fred is an Airborne and Ranger qualified infantryman who served 29 years in the United States Army.  He first went to war in 1991 during Desert Storm and participated in the liberation of Kuwait.  In 1996, he participated in Operation Joint Endeavor in Bosnia, which helped end the Serbian genocide of Bosnian Muslims.  In 2006-2007, during Operation Iraqi Freedom, and at the height of the Surge, Fred received the Bronze Star for Valor during Operation Arrowhead Ripper and the liberation of Baqubah from Al Qaeda.  In his last combat deployment, Fred was the advisor to the most senior military officer in the Afghan National Army. Upon his departure from the military, Col. Johnson found himself slipping into a deep sense of depression that led to a nearly attempted suicide. His experience led him to write his book, Five Wars.  Five Wars is a personal account of the psychological impact of combat, moral injury, and the struggle with PTSD. It describes one soldier's journey from the grand adventure of war to coming home where he finds himself on the brink of self-destruction. However, family, friends and mental health professionals enable the healing process where he discovers his place as a healthy member of the community and learns that service to one's nation does not end when the uniform is taken off for the final time.Show Links www.usacares.org FB - @usacaresorg Twitter - @USACares IG - @usacares YouTube - USA Cares YouTube Guest Links Col. Fred Johnson - https://www.linkedin.com/in/fred-johnson-12822786/?trk=nav_responsive_tab_profile_picFive Wars - http://fivewars.com/index.html  Sponsors Speakeasy Podcast Network - www.speakeasynetwork.com

In what could be described as Korea's ‘terracotta warrior' moment, a farmer digging in a vacant field discovered scores of stone statues depicting arhats – or disciples of the Buddha. Unearthed from their hiding place, the Arhats now part of a luscious display touring around the world. In Sydney, a Bosnian refugee describes how she fled war in her home country and built a new life for herself after coming to Australia.

This is a story about a Bosnian Muslim refugee turned radio icon. Or so we thought. In this next chapter of Rep, Noor examines the art of listening, how to revisit the stories we've told before, and what happens when you really get to know your friends. Transcripts are available at ays.media/rep Follow on Instagram: @noor and @ays or Twitter @ntagouri and @Zaron3See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Bosnia becomes part of the Austria-Hungary Kingdom in 1878. For the first time ever, Bosnian Muslims are under the authority of a non-Muslim government.

In this episode, Alex starts by going over an article from The Atlantic called “TRUMP'S NEXT COUP HAS ALREADY BEGUN” by Barton Gellman. The main point of the first half of the article is that “January 6 was practice. Donald Trump's GOP is much better positioned to subvert the next election.”  Alex then focuses on the more disturbing parts of the article. Gellman interviews a man who is furious about the 2020 election and still believes it was stolen. The man says “There ain't no f***** way we are letting go of 3 November 2020." When people think their livelihoods have been taken from them, whether it is perceived or real, it seems like people may be willing to do the unthinkable.  Alex turns to Robert Pape, who is at the University of Chicago. He focuses on national and international security affairs. He said that when he saw the storming of the capital, he immediately thought of Slobodan Milošević, the former president of Serbia. Pape says that “Milošević compared Muslims in the former Yugoslavia to Ottomans who had enslaved the Serbs six centuries before. He fomented years of genocidal war that destroyed the hope for a multiethnic democracy.” Basically, Milošević stoked grievance and anger for a changing, multiethnic country, and it led to a brutal genocide that killed close to 100,000 people, mainly Bosnian Muslims. This happened slowly because society and the institutions slowly became corrupted and radicalized against other groups. Alex goes into how this could have happened, and how leaders like Trump, Tucker Carlson, and some congressmen, are stoking the same ideas of replacement, historical grievances towards “the other”, and this idea of opposing a changing, multiethnic world. Alex sees the current escalation of real-world violence and hatred towards others as a disturbing escalation of affairs in the United States.  Later on, Alex talks about Interpol and its flaws. Interpol has a new president and his name is Ahmed Naser al-Raisi. He was previously the inspector general for the interior ministry in the United Arab Emirates and recently was elected to be the president. The head of ALQST for Human Rights, said: “Raisi's election sends a chilling message that Interpol has abandoned its human rights commitments.” There are numerous reports that al-Raisi was involved in torture and other brutal acts during his time in the UAE. Alex worries that al-Raisi may end up just helping autocrats abuse Interpol's “red notice” system. Over the last two decades, autocratic regimes have found that the red notices, or international warrants, can be used to persecute exiled dissidents. Alex then goes into a deeper look at Interpol, why it has become useful for autocrats, why it has lost credibility, and why these international organizations keep electing flawed individuals. 

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Dana Turkovic, Curator of Laumeier Sculpture Park, and Aida Šehović, Independent Artist stopped by to talk about Aida's exhibition ŠTO TE NEMA, which  runs through December 19, 2021. Aida Šehović is an artist and founder of the ŠTO TE NEMA nomadic monument. The project began as a one-time performance with a presentation of the first 923 collected porcelain cups (fildžani) in 2006. Since then, ŠTO TE NEMA has evolved into a participatory community art project organized in close collaboration with Bosnian diaspora communities in a different city each year. For the past 13 years, ŠTO TE NEMA has traveled throughout Europe and the United States, and currently consists of more than 7,500 donated cups (fildžani). This year Šehović worked with Bosnian diaspora communities in Switzerland to bring ŠTO TE NEMA to Helvetia Platz in Zürich on July 11, 2018. Aida Šehović was born in Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and like thousands of fellow Bosnian Muslims, fled her country due to threat of systematic violence and persecution in 1992. She lived as a refugee in Turkey and Germany before immigrating to United States in 1997. Šehović earned her BA from the University of Vermont in 2002 and her MFA from Hunter College in 2010. She received the ArtsLink Award in 2006, the Jacob K. Javits Fellowship in 2007, the Emerging Artist Fellowship from Socrates Sculpture Park in 2013, and the Fellowship for Utopian Practice from Culture Push in 2017. She was an artist-in-residence at the Santa Fe Art Institute, the Vermont Studio Center, the Grand Central Art Center, and the Lower Manhattan Cultural Council. Her work has been exhibited extensively including at Flux Factory, Socrates Sculpture Park, and Queens Museum in New York City, where the artist is based.    About ŠTO TE NEMA: When Bosnia and Herzegovina declared its independence from Yugoslavia in 1992, ethno-national divisions plunged the country into war. In July of 1995, Bosnian Serb forces invaded a United Nations Safe Area that included the town of Srebrenica, where thousands of Bosnian Muslims had sought refuge from the surrounding violence. While Bosnian Muslim women and girls were forcibly displaced from Srebrenica following the invasion, the remaining 8,373 men and boys were systematically executed. In 2006, the International Court of Justice officially ruled that these events qualified as genocide. Today, ethnic divisions still divide the region. Serbian and Bosnian Serb leaders continue to deny that the Srebrenica Genocide ever took place. In response to this denial, Bosnian-American artist Aida Šehović created ŠTO TE NEMA [lit. “Why are you not here?”], a nomadic monument commemorating the 8,373 Bosnian Muslims who died in the Srebrenica Genocide. Šehović has been collecting the porcelain cups traditionally used for coffee service in Bosnia and Herzegovina, with the goal of having one cup for each victim. For the past 13 years, on July 11th – the anniversary of the Srebrenica Genocide – Šehović partners with local communities around the world to organize the ŠTO TE NEMA monument in the public square of a new city.   Each successful annual rendition of the monument represents a triumph over the forces of rejection, exclusion, and denialism that encourage societies to look away from past atrocities and prevent vital communal remembrance and healing processes from taking place. Reflecting the inclusive and universal spirit of the monument, passersby are invited to participate in the construction of ŠTO TE NEMA by filling cups with Bosnian coffee and leaving them in the square, undrunk, in memory of the victims of the Srebrenica Genocide.   KDHX #Turkovic              

Mirsad Solakovic grew up in a Bosnian Muslim family during the 1980s, in a country where people from a range of different ethnic groups and religions lived side by side. This harmony was shattered for Mirsad at the age of 13, when his Serbian teacher turned up at school one day in military uniform and pointed a gun at him. As war descended on his town, he and his family were rounded up and Mirsad was singled out and tortured by that very same teacher. They were then sent to a concentration camp on the school grounds as part of a wave of ethnic cleansing. They escaped to England as refugees, but Mirsad was by now experiencing severe PTSD – Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. He found it hard to adjust, suffered bullying and wouldn't speak, until two of his new teachers asked if he would talk about his life in the school assembly. It would be a life-changing moment for Mirsad. He's written a book about his experiences called The Boy Who Said Nothing. Get in touch: outlook@bbc.com Presenter: Emily Webb Producer: Edgar Maddicott Picture: Mirsad Solakovic (left) with his family Credit: Mirsad Solakovic

Mirsad Solakovic grew up in a Bosnian Muslim family during the 1980s, in a country where people from a range of different ethnic groups and religions lived side by side. This harmony was shattered for Mirsad at the age of 13, when his Serbian teacher turned up at school one day in military uniform and pointed a gun at him. As war descended on his town, he and his family were rounded up and Mirsad was singled out and tortured by that very same teacher. They were then sent to a concentration camp on the school grounds as part of a wave of ethnic cleansing. They escaped to England as refugees, but Mirsad was by now experiencing severe PTSD – Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. He found it hard to adjust, suffered bullying and wouldn't speak, until two of his new teachers asked if he would talk about his life in the school assembly. It would be a life-changing moment for Mirsad. He's written a book about his experiences called The Boy Who Said Nothing. Get in touch: outlook@bbc.com Presenter: Emily Webb Producer: Edgar Maddicott Picture: Mirsad Solakovic (left) with his family Credit: Mirsad Solakovic

Boris leads TENE through the rise of the Bosniak national idea in the 19th and early 20th centuries to Muslim collaboration in the Second World War. Despite a multiplicity of identities and politics among Musilms in Bosnia, shifting imperial borders and modernizing land reforms spur a nationalist turn among Bosnian Muslim landowners. Enter Mehmed Spaho who attempts to create a single national identity through his Muslim Yugoslav Organization, leaving the project to Džafer-beg Kulenović after his death who will eventually become vice president of the fascist Independent State of Croatia. Boris discusses the on-again, off-again relationship between Ustashas and Muslim collaborationists leading both to the formation of the SS Handschar Division and, believe it or not, Muslim Chetniks. Fritz briefly narrates the Villefranche-de-Rouergue Mutiny of '43 of Muslim SS trainees and Boris recounts the nutty tale of independent warlord Husein "Huska" Miljković who went from the Commies to Fascists and back again. To top it all off, Rey discusses Husein Đozo, SS major, imam and buddy of Grand Mufti Amin al-Husseini and Boris discusses the slow momentum of Muslim involvement in the Partizan movement. Also, Fritz fails to differentiate 'đ' and 'dž', Muslim Goths, Rey re-considers serfdom, and hot cadastral stats! This is The Empire Never Ended, the Antifascist Amerikanski-Balkan podcast about (neo) fascist terror, the (deep) state and the alienation, nihilism and desperation produced by the capitalist system. And how to get rid of all that. Something like that... Subscribe to our Patreon for weekly premium episodes! And check out our social media for updates and whatnot: Twitter + Facebook + Instagram + YouTube

Aged 16 Amra Sabic El-Rayess was a grade-A student with a bright future ahead but then one day when she got to school almost all her ethnic Serb classmates were gone. This was Bihać in Bosnia Herzegovina in June 1992 and the city was soon surrounded by ethnic Serb forces. The remaining mainly Bosnian Muslims, which included Amra and her family, would face a three-year siege. But amidst the death and destruction Amra found a lucky charm, a 'refugee' cat called Maci who adopted her and who she credits with saving her life. Professor Amra Sabic El-Rayess now lives in the US and has written a book about her life called The Cat I Never Named. Get in touch: outlook@bbc.com Presenter: Andrea Kennedy Producer: Thomas Harding-Assinder Picture: Composite image with Amra Sabic El Rayess Credit: Courtesy of Amra Sabic El Rayess + Gian Luca Salis / EyeEm via Getty Images

Aged 16 Amra Sabic El-Rayess was a grade-A student with a bright future ahead but then one day when she got to school almost all her ethnic Serb classmates were gone. This was Bihać in Bosnia Herzegovina in June 1992 and the city was soon surrounded by ethnic Serb forces. The remaining mainly Bosnian Muslims, which included Amra and her family, would face a three-year siege. But amidst the death and destruction Amra found a lucky charm, a 'refugee' cat called Maci who adopted her and who she credits with saving her life. Professor Amra Sabic El-Rayess now lives in the US and has written a book about her life called The Cat I Never Named. Get in touch: outlook@bbc.com Presenter: Andrea Kennedy Producer: Thomas Harding-Assinder Picture: Composite image with Amra Sabic El Rayess Credit: Courtesy of Amra Sabic El Rayess + Gian Luca Salis / EyeEm via Getty Images

The court upheld the former Bosnian Serb leader's life sentence for 8,000 Bosnian Muslim deaths in 1995. Also: why astronauts get sick after being in space, and the woman who saved her twin sister from a crocodile attack by fighting back.

He is a comedian, born in Bosnia, came as a refugee to Sweden during the '90s. He grew up trying to juggle my identity as a Bosnian Muslim in a secular Swedish society. He grew up in something that would be considered a "ghetto"" to Swedish standards along with kids whose parents came from the Middle East, Latin America and the Balkans. He had to juggle growing up with cultural norms and expectations of two cultures, the Bosnian culture of his parents and the culture of Sweden. He is 29 and he started doing stand up when he was 23. His favorite comedians growing up were Dave Chappelle and Chris Rock, along with some Swedish comedians he grew up watching on TV. He prefers British and American comedy . For the past 2-3 years he started to perform more frequently and he has had the opportunity to do some open mic gigs in Austria and Portugal. One time when he was 17 he was walking home from a friend's place. He lived pretty far away from his apartment. It was during wintertime, and it gets extremely dark and cold in Switzerland during that time. Well, at least then it used to, due to global warming it isn't as cold. Due to the cold weather at the time he had covered his face with a shemagh (it's that red and white scarf that you usually see Palestinians wearing) and a purple cap on his head. This was during his hardcore hip hop phase, so he was wearing some Ecko Unlimited baggy jeans and a Ecko Unlimited tracksuit if he remembers it correctly. He decided to go for a stroll before taking the bus home. After around 10 minutes of walking, a police car pulls up next to him. Two police officers come out of the car; one of them being a tall blonde Swedish guy and the other one a short black guy. They asked him for his ID, and he gave it to them. They both checked his ears and eyes with a flashlight. They proceeded with checking his pockets, shoes and his hat. They asked him why he was covering his face and he said "because it's cold.". One of the officers typed his social security number into the police computer they had in their car and found nothing on him. Before they let him go, he asked them "Why did you stop me? Is it because of my Yugoslav origins?" The black police officer chuckled and replied "What? No. You looked like someone we were looking for. Plus, I'm a N-word, I can't be racist!". Facebook: Kerim Hrustanovic Instagram: kerimhrustanovic Tik Tok: kerimthebosnian --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/revisionarypodcast/support

We are pleased to bring you debut author Susan Ouellette, talking about her book "The Wayward Spy." Susan isn't just an author, her background in the CIA made her the perfect fit to become a writer. As a child, I wanted to be Nancy Drew, or even better – a spy! Technically speaking, I never became either, but for much of my career, I worked in intelligence and analysis. In the early 1990s, I worked as a CIA analyst covering the Soviet Union. I researched and wrote a variety of analytical pieces, including several items for the “President's Daily Brief.” I also earned a commendation for the work I did during the failed 1991 Soviet coup. After graduate school, I worked as a Professional Staff Member for the House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence (HPSCI). As a HPSCI staff member, I investigated allegations that the U.S. allowed Iran to funnel weapons to Bosnian Muslims. At the request of senior congressional leaders, I wrote several reports on the Intelligence Community's capability to collect and analyze information on threats to U.S. national security. I also wrote a study on the intelligence requirements process and assisted in the structure and development of the Committee's program, “IC21: The Intelligence Community in the 21st Century.” Since my time on the Hill, I've worked as a government contractor and freelance researcher, analyzing issues such as terrorism and weapons of mass destruction. In 2015, I was named a National Review Institute Washington Fellow. In my spare time, I write fiction. I've completed the first two novels in my espionage thriller trilogy, and am working on the third. "The Wayward Spy": The terrorist threat has changed. The consequences haven't. When her fiancé, a CIA operative accused of treason, is killed overseas, intelligence analyst Maggie Jenkins smells cover-up and sets out to clear his name. Maggie disobeys direct orders and travels to Tbilisi, Georgia, to follow a trail littered with secrets and lies, corruption and deceit, risking her own life to expose the terrorist threat at the intersection where the Russian Mafia, Chechen rebels, Al Qaeda and ... US government officials meet. From the halls of power in Washington, D.C. to the political chaos of the former Soviet Union, Maggie must confront players from the intelligence, political, and criminal worlds who will do anything to stop her. How far will Maggie go to uncover the truth? "Susan Ouellette has written a well-crafted page-turner that benefits not only from her imagination and way with words -- but from her experience. She has walked the halls of the House Intelligence Committee and the CIA and knows those institutions as very few novelists do." - Dr. Mark M. Lowenthal, Former CIA Assistant Director for Analysis; Former Staff Director, House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence.

My guest today is Dejan Mujkanovic. He is an Australian Army officer with 19 years of military experience. He has completed several tours of Afghanistan and also deployed to East Timor. He was born in Bosnia in 1980 and experienced the full brunt of the civil war in the 90's. His hometown of Prijedor made global news due to the campaign of ethnic cleansing committed by the Bosnian Serb forces seeking to forcefully remove the Bosnian Muslim and Bosnian Croat populations from the area. As a result of these crimes, many of Dejan's extended family members were lost in concentration camps, which, sadly, includes his father Senad Mujkanovic who was killed in the Omarska concentration camp in 1992. In the ensuing chaos, Dejan was separated from his mother and his siblings, and they have lived apart ever since. During his journey, he was forced to spend over two years in various refugee camps in Croatia and Austria and in late 1995, he was fortunate to settle in Australia with his grandmother. Now, 25 years later, Dejan is married and a proud father to his son. Some of the topics we covered are: - His reason for joining the Army - How the war in Bosnia started for him - The loss of his father and other members of his family - Fleeing the war and time as a child refugee - Issues of identity - Genocide and collective guilt - The idea of forgiveness - What good soldiering looks like - Settling in Australia - How his experience influenced his military service

Author Interview with Amra Sabic-El-Rayess on her YA MEMOIR “The Cat I Never Named.” Short listed for YA Non-Fiction YASLA Award for Best Non-Fiction Book for 2021. Amra never thought she’d live in a city under siege for four years. She never thought she’d be targeted, as a 16 year old Bosnian Muslim for genocide. But she was. And this is her story. Heartbreaking, full of beauty and love.

Frank goes on a Five Hour post election analysis marathon.  Guests include Dr. Judy Kuriansky, one of the finest sex therapists in the world, Frank's favorite second cousin, Andrea Sasso, who also happens to be a Pennsylvania Super Lawyer (live from PA), radio talk show host Wayne Allen Root (live from Nevada), Dr. Sabic-El-Rayess, a Bosnian Muslim, who lived through a genocide, Tom Kehoe and Erin Elmore.

In the days after the fall of Srebrenica, when the Bosnian Serb army was in total control of the lives of tens of thousands of Bosnian Muslim refugees, more than 8,000 Bosniak men and boys were killed in mass executions. In this episode, women and children remember the story of these days. For more information and resources visit: https://www.srebrenica.org.uk/podcast/ Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

The story of the last European genocide starts with the Bosnian War in 1992. Tens of thousands of Bosnian Muslims fleeing from persecution found their way to Srebrenica, a town where they were meant to be protected. And before genocide was carried out in that very town in 1995, the Muslims survived a siege that lasted for years. For more information and resources visit: https://www.srebrenica.org.uk/podcast/ Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In this bonus episode, Thomas introduces a new show from the producers of Conflicted about the Srebrenica genocide. Tune in to hear the first episode of Untold Killing in full. The story of the last European genocide starts with the Bosnian War in 1992. Tens of thousands of Bosnian Muslims fleeing from persecution found their way to Srebrenica, a town where they were meant to be protected. And before genocide was carried out in that very town in 1995, the Muslims survived a siege that lasted for years.To subscribe to Untold Killing: https://bit.ly/untoldpodFor more information and resources visit: https://www.srebrenica.org.uk/podcast/ See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

In this bonus episode, Thomas introduces a new show from the producers of Conflicted about the Srebrenica genocide. Tune in to hear the first episode of Untold Killing in full.   The story of the last European genocide starts with the Bosnian War in 1992. Tens of thousands of Bosnian Muslims fleeing from persecution found their way to Srebrenica, a town where they were meant to be protected. And before genocide was carried out in that very town in 1995, the Muslims survived a siege that lasted for years.   To subscribe to Untold Killing: https://bit.ly/untoldpod For more information and resources visit: https://www.srebrenica.org.uk/podcast/    

In this episode, CJ speaks with journalist Riada Asimovic Akyol about fears Bosnian Muslims hold regarding the re-emergence of Serb nationalism and Srebrenica genocide denialism, and how victims from the war of the early nineties struggle to find peace and acceptance. Please help this podcast by pledging as little as $1/month here: www.patreon.com/cjwerleman

Present and past world leaders have been addressing Bosnians and dignitaries gathered at Srebrenica, as part of ceremonies marking the 25th anniversary of the massacre of about 8,000 Bosnian Muslim men and boys. Also in the programme: President Trump commutes sentence of Roger Stone, longtime friend and adviser; and we hear from a front-line doctor about coronavirus in Yemen. Picture: Bosnian Muslim women mourn next to gravestones during a funeral ceremony at the Potocari Memorial Center and Cemetery, in Srebrenica, Bosnia and Herzegovina, 11 July 2020. Credit: EPA/FEHIM DEMIR.

As Turkey marks the fourth anniversary of the failed July 15 coup, members of the FETO terror network continue to be apprehended. So, where does the fight against the group stand today? Plus, In July 1995, Bosnian Serb forces killed more than 8,000 Bosnian Muslims. As the world marks 25 years since that genocide, what lessons have been learned? Guests: Waqar Azmi Founder and Chairman of Remembering Srebrenica Hariz Halilovich Professor at RMIT Melbourne University Ozden Zeynep Oktav Professor at Istanbul Medeniyet University Enes Bayrakli Brussels Coordinator of the SETA Research Centre

Saturday marks the 25th anniversary of the Srebrenica massacre, in which Bosnian Serb forces killed about 8,000 Muslim men and boys during the Bosnian War.It was the worst atrocity on European soil since World War II. Over the past few days, citizens of Bosnia and Herzegovina have been commemorating this tragedy and reminding the world that they're still seeking full justice. Some nations, including Serbia, deny the nature of these crimes.Last year, the remains of 33 newly identified victims of the massacre were buried at a memorial site near Srebrenica at a formal ceremony. Some war criminals had not faced justice until recent years, others are still free. Related: Thousands remember Srebrenica massacre victimsToday, war crimes continue to be perpetrated in major conflict zones such as Yemen and Syria. David Scheffer, who was the US ambassador-at-large for war crimes issues from 1997 to 2001, spoke with The World's host Carol Hills about Srebrenica's legacy and why it’s so difficult to prosecute those who have committed war crimes and crimes against humanity. Carol Hills: David, give us some more background on the Srebrenica massacre. Why is it so significant, and why is it so important that we remember what happened there?David Scheffer: Well, it's extremely important. The Srebrenica massacre was the final large atrocity of the Bosnian conflict of the early 1990s. It was not really supposed to happen. There were considerable efforts to reach a negotiated settlement between the Bosnian Serbs and the Bosnian Muslims. And so having suddenly a huge genocidal event ...On the one hand, it was horrific. And on the other hand, it was such a shock to the system, and it galvanized the West to finally use military power to bring the conflict to an end. It has sort of an ironic consequence at the end of the day that the atrocity itself actually brought the war to an end.Who was responsible for these atrocities?In Srebrenica, it was the Bosnian Serbs. And of course, there was complicity on the part of the Serbian government, which was supporting the Bosnian Serbs. And that has been proven in the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia, with the convictions of General Radislav Krstić, General Ratko Mladić and President Radovan Karadzić at the time. And did you have a role in getting any of these men prosecuted?Yes. As ambassador-at-large for war crimes issues in the late 1990s, I was responsible for helping bring as much evidence as possible to the Yugoslav tribunal in The Hague that would implicate senior leaders.Are there still war criminals who were involved in the Srebrenica massacre who roam free today?  Yes. These are mid-level and low-level individuals. Now, many of them have been brought to justice before the war crimes chamber, which sits in Sarajevo. That's a domestic Bosnian court. But others are living in Serbia, and some of them have been brought to justice, but many have not. So there's a large number of actual physical perpetrators of the genocidal acts at Srebrenica who continue to evade arrest or evade justice, depending on where they're living and what the authorities consider to be appropriate for bringing them to trial.Related: UN envoy calls on Turkey to prevent Srebrenica-style massacre in KobaniI want to jump to today. Unfortunately, war crimes and crimes against humanity are still happening across the globe, often in conflict zones and places like Yemen and Syria. What's being done about these crimes today?  Not enough is being done. But I think there are very brave and committed individuals and even governments around the world that are doing the best they can. For example, with Syria that the US and France and the UK on the Security Council have sought to have the whole Syrian situation referred to the International Criminal Court for investigation and prosecutions. But that referral has been vetoed by Russia, which of course is aligned with the Assad government in Syria. Frankly, why there has not been a referral of the Yemen situation to the International Criminal Court pretty much boggles my mind, although I can understand the politics of it.In the case of Yemen, who or what entity would be the one to bring that to court to make that an issue?  Well, because Yemen is not a state party to the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, you have to get a referral by the UN Security Council to the court. In the case of Yemen, of course, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates are prominent parties in the conflict in Yemen. And I can imagine that politically, the Trump Administration would not necessarily be the one to refer Yemen or bring it up in the Security Council, given its relationships with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates. But at the end of the day, you would have to get all five votes of the permanent members of the Security Council. But that's extremely difficult with Yemen because of the politics concerned.  You were the first US ambassador-at-large for war crimes issues. The current US ambassador-at-large for war crimes issues is Morse Tan. What's he been working on within this administration?    I am not conversant with that since I'm not in the government anymore. I do know that Ambassador Tan has a long background in understanding the crimes against humanity that have been committed and continue to be committed in North Korea. And so I would anticipate that his office, under his leadership, continues to look at that issue, that it was something the US could take the lead on and even if one fails in the Security Council, at least go on record of trying.This interview has been condensed and edited.

Only July 11, 1995, more than 8,000 Bosnian Muslim men and boys from the town of Srebrenica in eastern Bosnia and Herzegovina were rounded up, gunned down, and buried in mass graves by Bosnian Serb forces, in what was the worst mass killing in Europe since World War II. The brutality of the genocide at Srebrenica was compounded by the deliberate effort by those responsible to hide their crimes.  The use of mass graves and the subsequent movement of remains of the murdered using heavy machinery meant that the identification of the victims seemed nearly impossible at the time.  Ahead of the 25th anniversary of the Srebrenica genocide, Kathryne Bomberger, director general of the International Commission on Missing Persons, discusses how ICMP has helped families of the Srebrenica victims find closure and pursue justice. She also discusses the commission’s evolution from dealing with the conflict in the former Yugoslavia to its work worldwide—including in Syria, Colombia, and elsewhere—today.

China — the unnamed adversary in Australia’s defence review Last week the Morrison government launched its Defence Strategy and Force Structure Review, promising $270 billion over the next decade to enhance Australia’s defence capabilities. But is the money too much, or not enough?  Is it going to all the right places? And will it do enough to safeguard Australia from China’s increasing aggression and its rapidly growing military capabilities?  Also, Remembering Srebrenica In 1995 the small town of Srebrenica became the site of Europe’s worst massacre since the Holocaust. The town was supposed to be a UN protected safe haven for Bosnian Muslims who had been targeted in a campaign of ethnic cleansing by Bosnian Serbs. But UN troops failed to protect the civilians, and over eight thousand people were killed. The deaths of civilians galvanised the US into action. President Bill Clinton launched unilateral US strikes against Serbian forces.  

China — the unnamed adversary in Australia’s defence review Last week the Morrison government launched its Defence Strategy and Force Structure Review, promising $270 billion over the next decade to enhance Australia’s defence capabilities. But is the money too much, or not enough?  Is it going to all the right places? And will it do enough to safeguard Australia from China’s increasing aggression and its rapidly growing military capabilities?  Also, Remembering Srebrenica In 1995 the small town of Srebrenica became the site of Europe’s worst massacre since the Holocaust. The town was supposed to be a UN protected safe haven for Bosnian Muslims who had been targeted in a campaign of ethnic cleansing by Bosnian Serbs. But UN troops failed to protect the civilians, and over eight thousand people were killed. The deaths of civilians galvanised the US into action. President Bill Clinton launched unilateral US strikes against Serbian forces.  

Trashifada continues with a deep dive on the origin of the Koch-funded British anti-PC-hysteria-hysteria blog Sp!ked. We go through their origins in seventies Trotskyism to the bizarre posh ultraleftism in the eighties until they emerged as the magazine Living Marxism, famous for satirizing the nanny state and denying the genocide of Bosnian Muslims. From there they formed the Institute of Ideas, a collection of tiny front groups that have helped them along to mainstream media prominence. But to what ends? We offer a range of theories. Listen this Friday for a Bonus Real Sp!ked hours to hear some hot takes on goths, Karen-bashing, and Jimmy Saville. Support the show at http://patreon.com/theantifada Follow us on Twitch! Follow Alice and Riley and Trash Future Jenny Turner's fantastic essay on Institute of Ideas: https://www.lrb.co.uk/the-paper/v32/n13/jenny-turner/who-are-they Account of RCP's political shift in the eighties: https://hatfulofhistory.wordpress.com/2019/05/21/the-revolutionary-communist-party-living-marxism-and-the-road-to-free-speech-absolutism/ Brendan on Dave Rubin calling himself a Marxist Libertarian: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lHUjZd63z9U Songs: Whistling in the Dark and Come out Fighting by Easterhouse

Controversy surrounds this year's Nobel Prize for Literature; unusually there are two winners, Polish Olga Tokarczuk and Austrian Peter Handke. Handke has been vocally supportive of the Serbs during the 1990s Yugoslav war including accusing the Bosnian Muslims of staging attacks. Jonas Eklöf, Editor in Chief of Swedish literary magazine Vi Läser, reports on the presentation ceremony in Stockholm today. Traces is a forensic crime thriller set in Dundee based on an idea by Val McDermid and written by Amelia Bullmore. Molly Windsor (who starred in Three Girls) heads the cast as a technician in a forensic laboratory who is still coming to terms with a traumatic event in her past. Critic Stephanie Merritt reviews the six-part UKTV drama series. Mike Lew’s darkly comic take on Shakespeare’s Richard III - “Teenage Dick” - has its UK debut at the Donmar Warehouse in London. Samira talks to Michael Longhurst about his vision for the theatre after becoming Artistic Director earlier this year and to actor Daniel Monks about playing this canonical disabled character. After a century and a half the Vienna State Opera has this week staged its first work by a female composer. Olga Neuwirth's opera, Orlando, is based on Virginia Woolf’s novel about an Elizabethan poet who lives for centuries, never ages and switches gender. The director, the librettist and the costume designer are also all women and the star is a queer cabaret artist. Olga Neuwirth talks to Samira Ahmed about her opera, and its wider cultural significance. Presenter: Samira Ahmed Producer: Hannah Robins

Miroslav Volf is one of our best known contemporary theologians. He is Director of the Yale Center for Faith and Culture and Professor of Theology at Yale Divinity school. He grew up amidst ethnic tensions in Communist Yugoslavia, and lived through the civil war which pit historically Catholic Croats, Eastern Orthodox Serbs and Bosnian Muslims against each other. Much of his work as a scholar and activist has been trying to make sense of these experiences, including his books ‘Exclusion and embrace', ‘About reconciliation', and ‘Allah: A Christian response.' In this episode he talks about his sacred values of non-violence and freedom to self-determine, what it really takes to love people we perceive as enemies, and what civil war and contemporary British public debates might have in common.

For this week’s episode, Ali talked to Ado Mustafic, a refugee from Bosnia who lives in Twin Falls, Idaho. Fleeing the ethnic cleansing of Bosnian Muslims, his family embarked on a two-year journey crossing borders as refugees. Ultimately, they resettled in the U.S. and started over in Idaho. Ado talks about growing up amidst the war in Bosnia that tore his family apart and coming to the U.S. just two days before 9/11. He tells Ali about what it’s like living in Twin Falls, how he feels unsafe worshipping at local mosques in the U.S., and about the Americans in his community who have welcomed him.

In this talk, at the 24th anniversary of the Srebrenica Massacre of over 8,000 Bosnian Muslim men and boys--rightly classified as a genocide--Shaykh Faraz Rabbani shares reflections on some lessons for all believers: One: Faith and how we view tests and tribulations. Two. How we respond to tribulations, and how we ready ourselves to be able to respond. Three: The critical need to learn from history, past and recent. Four: The imperative of unity for Muslims, locally and globally.   Check out the SeekersGuidance Ramadan Portal: www.seekersguidance.org/ramadan Help SeekersGuidance reach millions around the world through reliable knowledge and guidance from qualified scholars, completely free: become a monthly supporter – www.seekersguidance.org/donate Help SeekersGuidance support deserving scholars and students this Ramadan: give your zakat and charity to the Global Islamic Scholars Fund — www.seekersguidance.org/donate

In this talk, at the 24th anniversary of the Srebrenica Massacre of over 8,000 Bosnian Muslim men and boys--rightly classified as a genocide--Shaykh Faraz Rabbani shares reflections on some lessons for all believers: One: Faith and how we view tests and tribulations. Two. How we respond to tribulations, and how we ready ourselves to be able to respond. Three: The critical need to learn from history, past and recent. Four: The imperative of unity for Muslims, locally and globally.   Check out the SeekersGuidance Ramadan Portal: www.seekersguidance.org/ramadan Help SeekersGuidance reach millions around the world through reliable knowledge and guidance from qualified scholars, completely free: become a monthly supporter – www.seekersguidance.org/donate Help SeekersGuidance support deserving scholars and students this Ramadan: give your zakat and charity to the Global Islamic Scholars Fund — www.seekersguidance.org/donate

Thursday, July 11, 2019 UK accuses Iran of trying to seize British tanker, and Japan space probe lands on asteroid to collect underground samples. This is TRT World’s Daily News Brief for Thursday, July 11th. UK: Iranian vessels tried to block British vessel in Gulf The UK said three Iranian vessels tried to impede the passage of a British commercial vessel in the Strait of Hormuz. Britain said the Iranian vessels only turned away after receiving "verbal warnings" from a UK navy vessel. Iran's Revolutionary Guard denied the allegations and said if it wanted to, it would have immediately seized the ships. UK ambassador to US quits after leaked cables crisis Britain's US envoy resigned after his leaked memos characterising Trump's administration as “inept” triggered Twitter rage by the US president. President Trump said he would no longer deal with career diplomat Kim Darroch, despite the US State Department saying otherwise. British Prime Minister May, whom Trump branded as "foolish", said Darroch had the government’s support and had served the UK well. Bosnia marks 24th anniversary of Srebrenica genocide Bosnia marks the 24th anniversary of the Srebrenica genocide, burying 33 newly-identified victims in a collective funeral. Every year on July 11, newly-identified genocide victims are buried in a memorial cemetery in Potocari. The massacre by Bosnian Serbs in eastern Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1995 killed more than 7,000 Bosnian Muslim boys and men. Twin accidents kill at least 24 people in Pakistan A passenger train rammed into a freight train in Pakistan’s Punjab province, killing at least 11 people, an official said. Hospitals declared an emergency, receiving casualties from the collision in which dozens were injured. Another 13 people were killed in another accident in the same province. Japan space probe lands on asteroid And finally, Japan's space agency said data transmitted from the Hayabusa2 spacecraft indicated it successfully landed on a distant asteroid. It completed its historic mission of collecting underground samples that scientists hope will provide clues to the origin of the solar system. Hayabusa2 is the first to successfully collect underground soil samples from an asteroid. And that’s your daily news brief from TRT World ... For more, head to TRTWorld.com.

Hate seems to be everywhere - whether it’s white supremacists marching on the streets of America, jihadists slaughtering Christians in Sri Lanka or the massacre of Muslims in New Zealand. In this five part series, BBC journalist Allan Little unpicks the mechanics of hatred and reveals how this dangerous emotion has been whipped up and disseminated throughout history. Allan Little begins with the hatred he witnessed on the killing fields of the Bosnian War, deconstructing how Serbian leaders like Slobodan Milosevic and Radovan Karadzic manipulated and weaponised history to inculcate a violent loathing that would lead to the massacre of thousands of Bosnian Muslims at Srebrenica. It's a hatred and an ideology that continues to inspire today's extreme far-right. Presenter: Allan Little Producer: Xavier Zapata Editor: Helen Grady

Episode 406with Dženita Karićhosted by Taylan GüngörDownload the podcastFeed | iTunes | GooglePlay | SoundCloudThis episode explores the post-World War II travelogues of Bosnian journalist Hasan Ljubunčić, who went on the Hajj pilgrimage to Mecca after the Second World War. His narrative showcases the entanglements between religion and politics, Bosnian Muslims and their contemporaries in Turkey and the broader Muslim world, and socialism and Islamic modernism. In the immediate aftermath of the Second World War, Bosnian Hajjis sought alliances within the Muslim world. The travelogues thus speak to multiple audiences: local Muslim populations, socialist authorities, and international interlocutors. On a broader level, this evolving Hajj discourse speaks to similarities between Islamic and socialist modernist projects and the practical ways these were used in postwar Bosnia. « Click for More »

Roxana Olsen has always dreamed of going to Paris, and after high school graduation finally plans to travel there on a study abroad program—a welcome reprieve from the bruising fallout of her parents’ divorce. But a logistical mix-up brings Roxana to Copenhagen instead, where she’s picked up at the airport by Søren, a twenty-eight-year-old guide who is meant to be her steward. Instantly drawn to one another, Roxana and Søren’s relationship turns romantic, and when he asks Roxana to accompany him to a small town in the north of Denmark for the rest of the summer, she doesn’t hesitate to accept. There, Roxana’s world narrows and opens as she experiences fantasy, ritual, and the pleasures of her body, a thrilling realm of erotic and domestic bliss. She is so enamored by her cohabitation and intense connection with Søren that at first, she almost doesn’t notice that he does not give her a key to the apartment, leaving her locked in each day while he works in the library on his African-Americanliterature thesis. As their relationship deepens, Søren’s temperament darkens, revealing his depression, anxiety and prejudices. Roxana finds herself increasingly drawn to a local outsider, in many ways Søren’s polar opposite, whom she learns is a Bosnian Muslim refugee from the Balkan War. When she decides to sneak out to find him her experiences open in a way she could never have imagined. An erotic coming-of-age like no other, Lisa Locascio's Open Me is a daringly original and darkly compelling portrait of a young woman discovering her power, her sex, and her voice; and an incisive examination of xenophobia, migration, and what it means to belong. Locascio is joined in conversation by Karolina Waclawiak, a screenwriter and author of two critically acclaimed novels, How to Get into the Twin Palms and The Invaders.

World figures have been paying tribute to the former UN secretary-general and Nobel laureate Kofi Annan, who has died at the age of 80. HARDtalk’s Zeinab Badawi spoke to him in April at a special event to mark his birthday and the tenth anniversary of the Kofi Annan Foundation. In a career spanning six decades at the United Nations, he held several senior positions including two terms as Secretary-General. There were high points such as the award of the Nobel Peace Prize as well as tragic events such as the Rwandan genocide and the Srebrenica massacre of Bosnian Muslims. But what were his biggest worries and did he have any regrets? Image: Kofi Annan (Credit: Getty Images)

World figures have been paying tribute to the former UN secretary-general and Nobel laureate Kofi Annan, who has died at the age of 80. HARDtalk’s Zeinab Badawi spoke to him in April at a special event to mark his birthday and the tenth anniversary of the Kofi Annan Foundation. In a career spanning six decades at the United Nations, he held several senior positions including two terms as Secretary-General. There were high points such as the award of the Nobel Peace Prize as well as tragic events such as the Rwandan genocide and the Srebrenica massacre of Bosnian Muslims. But what were his biggest worries and did he have any regrets? Image: Kofi Annan (Credit: Getty Images)

CJ's guest is Ismail Cidic, who is president of the Student Parliament at the International University of Sarajevo and former national debate champion. We speak about the growing unease Bosnian Muslims feel towards the Russian backed separist movement in the Serbian entity of Bosnia Herzegovina. Please help this podcast by donating as little as $1/month here: www.patreon.com/cjwerleman

On July the 11th every year, the bodies of those who Sasa helped to identify over the past 12 months are re-buried in a Muslim service and Anna will witness the ceremony at the sprawling Potocari Cemetery and meet the families on a pilgrimage to honour the ones they loved and lost. Anna Holligan has listened to the details of unspeakable terror as the BBC’s correspondent in The Hague and will travel to the scenes of Mladic’s crimes to meet the Muslim families still haunted by the war of 25 years ago and the massacre of thousands at Srebrenica. Sasa was four years old when soldiers drove into his home town of Mostar – his family was a mix of Bosnian Muslim and Serbian Orthodox and the war ripped it apart. He is now a translator, and recently worked at the trial of Ratko Mladic. Samir Chosić is shovelling earth, a job that stirs his own painful memories of fleeing for his life, as thirty-five freshly dug graves readied for fragments of bones to be laid to rest. An estimated 12,000 people of all faiths, Muslims, Christians, Jews and others are still missing - feared slaughtered - right across this troubled Balkan territory. As she travels around Bosnia-Herzegovina, Anna witnesses a country officially at peace, but more religiously divided than it was before the war. Presented by Anna Holligan Photo title: The 11th July memorial at Srebrenica, Bosnia-Herzegovina Credit: BBC

HARDtalk is in Geneva, the headquarters of the Kofi Annan Foundation which marks its tenth anniversary this year. Zeinab Badawi speaks to the former Secretary-General of the United Nations as he reaches his eightieth birthday, in front of an audience. In a career spanning six decades at the United Nations, he has held several senior positions including two terms as Secretary-General until 2006. There were high points such as the award of the Nobel Peace Prize as well as tragic events such as the Rwandan genocide and the Srebrenica massacre of Bosnian Muslims. What are his biggest worries today and does he have any regrets?

HARDtalk is in Geneva, the headquarters of the Kofi Annan Foundation which marks its tenth anniversary this year. Zeinab Badawi speaks to the former Secretary-General of the United Nations as he reaches his eightieth birthday, in front of an audience. In a career spanning six decades at the United Nations, he has held several senior positions including two terms as Secretary-General until 2006. There were high points such as the award of the Nobel Peace Prize as well as tragic events such as the Rwandan genocide and the Srebrenica massacre of Bosnian Muslims. What are his biggest worries today and does he have any regrets?

In this episode my wife, Carol joins me in interviewing an amazing brother named Cris Krusen. Cris is an award winning cinematographer who runs a ministry called, "Messenger Films". Cris has produced numerous acclaimed films such as the, "More than Dreams" series of testimony films of Muslims who have found Jesus through dreams and visions. More recently he produced a gospel feature length film for the Bosnian Muslims called, "Sabina K.". Many of his gospel films can be viewed and downloaded for free at www.indigitube.tv You won't want to miss this interview! Please visit our God Network News profile page. This is most likely the first page that you will see when you respond to any of my invitations or messages to you about new episodes of our podcast. For many of you this may be the first time you have heard of a podcast. A podcast is an audio or video file that is accessible through an RSS feed. Like a newspaper that is delivered to your front door, a podcast can be delivered to your computer once you subscribe to it. Each time a new episode is uploaded your computer will be notified that it is available for you to download. Simple, hey? Just subscribe in iTunes to the God Network News Podcast at: https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/god-network-news/id885322187 that’s all there is to it! Also, we want to remind you to visit an incredible website where you can view and download gospel films in over 100 different languages http://www.indigitube.tv This website also has a section where you can search for audio Bibles in over 1300 different languages! It is amazing, and it is all free! If you’re tired of listening to what the big news agencies are feeding you? Then check out, God Network News, and find out what He is doing in the world today in missions. You won’t hear this on CNN! (YWAM – Youth With A Mission) Like us on Facebook at www.facebook.com/GodNetworkNews * If you want to stay up to date on the latest technologies being used to share the gospel message around the world you need to subscribe in iTunes to the Gospel Gadget Podcast at: http://phobos.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?id=157335386 that’s all there is to it!

The International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia found Ratko Mladic guilty on a number of charges, including the genocide of Bosnian Muslims in Srebrenica. That's where more than 8,000 men and boys were slaughtered in 1995. Mladic will most likely spend the rest of his life behind bars. But what does the verdict mean for the victims' families? Will they find closure?

September 10, 2012 The war in Bosnia and Herzegovina (1992-95) was the most serious outbreaks of violence in Europe since World War II. The bloody conflict among ethnic Serbs, Croats, and Bosnian Muslims after the collapse of Yugoslavia left almost 100,000 dead and 2,000,000 displaced. Only the armed intervention of the United States and NATO brought the conflict to an end. Two decades later, what have we learned about the causes of the war and the challenges of reconciliation that followed? How have religious communities and civil society furthered the process of peacebuilding, and what obstacles remain? Several experts addressed these questions. The panel discussion coincided with the International Prayer for Peace, held in Sarajevo from September 9-11, 2012. The Prayer for Peace, organized by the Rome-based Community of Sant'Egidio, is the largest annual interfaith gathering in the world.

Rape has always been part of war, but in the 20th century as military technology increased the scale of warfare so did the rate of rape. During the 1990s, the Serb rape camps holding Bosnian Muslim women in sexual bondage and then the rape camps of the Rwandan Genocide galvanized international action. The ICC trials led to the declaration that rape in war constitutes a crime against humanity. Activists were elated, yet rape remains an authorized weapon of war. This talk will focus on the most alarming case of the 21st century: Islamic State and Fatwa 64, known as the Rape Handbook. miriam cooke is Braxton Craven Professor of Arab Cultures at Duke University. She has been a visiting professor in Tunisia, Romania, Indonesia, Qatar and Alliance of Civilizations Institute in Istanbul. She serves on several international advisory boards, including academic journals and institutions. Since coming to Duke University she has taught Arabic language and awide variety of courses on Arabic literature, war and gender, the Palestine-Israel conflict, postcolonial theory. She has directed several study abroad courses in Morocco, Tunisia, Cairo, and Istanbul. This presentation is sponsored by the John Hope Franklin Center for Interdisciplinary and International Studies and the Duke University Middle East Studies Center.

Ahmed talks with Arnesa Buljusmic-Kustura—an analyst, organizer, and author of Letters from Diaspora: Stories of War and its Aftermath—about drinking culture in Bosnian Muslim communities. They talk about that one uncle who would always let you try his beer, the double standard for men and women who drink, and Alcoholism and PTSD. Plus, all of the social pressure to drink or not drink as you get older. Follow Ahmed at @radbrowndads,  Follow Arnesa at @Rrrrnessa, You can pick up a copy of Letters from Diaspora: Stories of War and its Aftermath at https://www.amazon.com/dp/B01AK7OZOY, Follow the show at @seesomething and facebook.com/seesomethingpodcast, Subscribe to our newsletter buzzfeed.com/seesomethingsaysomething/newsletter, Find more episodes at buzzfeed.com/seesomethingsaysomething, Email us at saysomething@buzzfeed.com. Our music is by The Kominas. Follow them at @TheRealKominas and kominas.bandcamp.com Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

If you've ever thought one person couldn't make a difference, or that you can't make a difference in the world around you, then do we have the difference-making show for you! Today I'll be talking with one of the most heroic people I've ever met, even if she wouldn't call herself one. Her name's Sally Becker, aka the Angel of Mostar also occasionally known as ‘The Daughter of Mother Theresa'. She's a true hero of the Balkan conflicts and kids of war everywhere and has rescued and saved the lives of hundreds if not thousands of childen and victims of the tragic wars. She's also the author of an amazing book, Sunflowers and Snipers:Saving Children in the Balkan War Today we'll talk about what it means to step forward, take chances, and to work to make a difference. That plus we'll talk about the plight of children in warzones, and what we can do to help. That plus we'll talk about Selma and Mizra, Maja Kajazic, Elmir and Lela, Marigona, Why if you think your are too small to make a difference, try sleeping with a mosquito, what is maybe airlines, and what would happen if an arms manufacturer blew up next to a marmelade factory. Self-Help and Self-Improvement Notes Include: How Sally Becker carried the Olympic Torch into the stadium to Muhamad Ali What happened when Sally lived on a Kibbutz in Israel What happened in May of 1993 What happened in the Balkans and in parts of Yugoslavia after the fall of the Berlin Wall? How a small Jewish community in Mostar found out she was there How she helped save a UN convoy while helping Bosnian Muslim kids How she ended up saving the lives of children in Bosnia How she came under sniper fire while driving an ambulance How she began a long career in Humanitarian Aid What it means to suffer from ‘Jewish guilt' and how that's helped her save children's lives How she rescued 98 sick and wounded kids and there families How she became the “Angel of Mostar” How Sallybecker.co.uk was made by one of the children rescued by her Operation Angel The story of Maya Kazacich The story of Elmir and Lela What happened when she went to rescue children in Kosovo How she rescued children, was arrested, and was shot by an assassin in Kosovo What drives Sally Becker to help others What happened with the president of Albania What happened to Marigona What's happening in Sinjar and to the Yissidi's by Isis. To help visit: roadtopeace.org.uk or www.roadtopeaceglobal.org Supported by Scott LaStatey, a producer in LA And to find out more sallybecker.co.uk And check out the book Sunflowers and Snipers Sally Becker ‘Angel of Mostar' Shares How She Rescued & Saved Thousands of Children's Lives During the Bosnian Conflict & in Kosovo | Inspirational | Motivational | Spiritual | Spirituality | Self-Improvement | Inspiration | Motivation | Self-Help

In July 1995 Bosnian Serb troops murdered thousands of Bosnian Muslim men and boys in the worst atrocity in Europe since World War Two. The men had taken refuge in the UN 'safe area' of Srebrenica, but peacekeepers there were unable to protect them. One man whose brother, father and mother were among those killed describes what happened the day that Srebrenica fell. (Photo: Forensic experts unearth a mass grave containing the bodies of some of those killed at Srebrenica. Credit: AFP/Getty Images)

It's safe to say that nobody but genocidaires likes genocide. It's also safe to say that everyone but genocidaires wants to halt on-going campaigns of mass murder and prevent future ones. The question, of course, is how to do this in practice. Keith Pomakoy's significant new book Helping Humanity: American Policy and Genocide Rescue (Lexington Books, 2011) explores exactly this question by analyzing American responses to mass murder over the past 125 years. The results are surprising. Contra Samantha Power, Pomakoy demonstrates that the United States has been anything but indifferent to the suffering of genocide victims abroad. The U.S. has taken measures to stop genocidal campaigns against Cubans, Armenians, Ukrainians, Jews, Cambodians, Bantus, Tutsis, Bosnian Muslims, and Albanians. These measures were not uniform: they were sometimes military (as in the case of Cuba), sometimes humanitarian (as in the case of the Armenians), and sometimes purely diplomatic (as in the case of the Ukrainians). Neither were they always effective: the U.S. was able to halt the Spanish attack on Cubans, while it was unable to do anything of significance to ameliorate the suffering of the Ukrainians. The primary lesson of Pomakoy's book--and I hope it is a lesson that the Obama administration hears--is that the ability of the U.S. to halt genocidal campaigns is very limited. This is particularly true in cases in which a powerful and distant genocidal state is determined to kill. The U.S. simply could not have halted the Ottoman campaign against the Armenians, the Stalinist campaign against the Ukrainians, or the Nazi campaign against the Jews. But even in instances where the genocidal state is weak, there is not a lot the U.S. can do. Military intervention often does more harm than good in the long term (as in Iraq) and humanitarian intervention often difficult (as in North Korea). Diplomatic and economic pressure almost never works. Liberal internationalists like Power tell us that the U.S. must stop genocide by any means necessary. Fine. But American policymakers must recognize that we almost never have the means necessary to halt it. The most we can usually do is ease the suffering of the victims of genocide and pray for it to end quickly. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

It's safe to say that nobody but genocidaires likes genocide. It's also safe to say that everyone but genocidaires wants to halt on-going campaigns of mass murder and prevent future ones. The question, of course, is how to do this in practice. Keith Pomakoy's significant new book Helping Humanity: American Policy and Genocide Rescue (Lexington Books, 2011) explores exactly this question by analyzing American responses to mass murder over the past 125 years. The results are surprising. Contra Samantha Power, Pomakoy demonstrates that the United States has been anything but indifferent to the suffering of genocide victims abroad. The U.S. has taken measures to stop genocidal campaigns against Cubans, Armenians, Ukrainians, Jews, Cambodians, Bantus, Tutsis, Bosnian Muslims, and Albanians. These measures were not uniform: they were sometimes military (as in the case of Cuba), sometimes humanitarian (as in the case of the Armenians), and sometimes purely diplomatic (as in the case of the Ukrainians). Neither were they always effective: the U.S. was able to halt the Spanish attack on Cubans, while it was unable to do anything of significance to ameliorate the suffering of the Ukrainians. The primary lesson of Pomakoy's book--and I hope it is a lesson that the Obama administration hears--is that the ability of the U.S. to halt genocidal campaigns is very limited. This is particularly true in cases in which a powerful and distant genocidal state is determined to kill. The U.S. simply could not have halted the Ottoman campaign against the Armenians, the Stalinist campaign against the Ukrainians, or the Nazi campaign against the Jews. But even in instances where the genocidal state is weak, there is not a lot the U.S. can do. Military intervention often does more harm than good in the long term (as in Iraq) and humanitarian intervention often difficult (as in North Korea). Diplomatic and economic pressure almost never works. Liberal internationalists like Power tell us that the U.S. must stop genocide by any means necessary. Fine. But American policymakers must recognize that we almost never have the means necessary to halt it. The most we can usually do is ease the suffering of the victims of genocide and pray for it to end quickly. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

It’s safe to say that nobody but genocidaires likes genocide. It’s also safe to say that everyone but genocidaires wants to halt on-going campaigns of mass murder and prevent future ones. The question, of course, is how to do this in practice. Keith Pomakoy’s significant new book Helping Humanity: American Policy and Genocide Rescue (Lexington Books, 2011) explores exactly this question by analyzing American responses to mass murder over the past 125 years. The results are surprising. Contra Samantha Power, Pomakoy demonstrates that the United States has been anything but indifferent to the suffering of genocide victims abroad. The U.S. has taken measures to stop genocidal campaigns against Cubans, Armenians, Ukrainians, Jews, Cambodians, Bantus, Tutsis, Bosnian Muslims, and Albanians. These measures were not uniform: they were sometimes military (as in the case of Cuba), sometimes humanitarian (as in the case of the Armenians), and sometimes purely diplomatic (as in the case of the Ukrainians). Neither were they always effective: the U.S. was able to halt the Spanish attack on Cubans, while it was unable to do anything of significance to ameliorate the suffering of the Ukrainians. The primary lesson of Pomakoy’s book–and I hope it is a lesson that the Obama administration hears–is that the ability of the U.S. to halt genocidal campaigns is very limited. This is particularly true in cases in which a powerful and distant genocidal state is determined to kill. The U.S. simply could not have halted the Ottoman campaign against the Armenians, the Stalinist campaign against the Ukrainians, or the Nazi campaign against the Jews. But even in instances where the genocidal state is weak, there is not a lot the U.S. can do. Military intervention often does more harm than good in the long term (as in Iraq) and humanitarian intervention often difficult (as in North Korea). Diplomatic and economic pressure almost never works. Liberal internationalists like Power tell us that the U.S. must stop genocide by any means necessary. Fine. But American policymakers must recognize that we almost never have the means necessary to halt it. The most we can usually do is ease the suffering of the victims of genocide and pray for it to end quickly. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

It's safe to say that nobody but genocidaires likes genocide. It's also safe to say that everyone but genocidaires wants to halt on-going campaigns of mass murder and prevent future ones. The question, of course, is how to do this in practice. Keith Pomakoy's significant new book Helping Humanity: American Policy and Genocide Rescue (Lexington Books, 2011) explores exactly this question by analyzing American responses to mass murder over the past 125 years. The results are surprising. Contra Samantha Power, Pomakoy demonstrates that the United States has been anything but indifferent to the suffering of genocide victims abroad. The U.S. has taken measures to stop genocidal campaigns against Cubans, Armenians, Ukrainians, Jews, Cambodians, Bantus, Tutsis, Bosnian Muslims, and Albanians. These measures were not uniform: they were sometimes military (as in the case of Cuba), sometimes humanitarian (as in the case of the Armenians), and sometimes purely diplomatic (as in the case of the Ukrainians). Neither were they always effective: the U.S. was able to halt the Spanish attack on Cubans, while it was unable to do anything of significance to ameliorate the suffering of the Ukrainians. The primary lesson of Pomakoy's book--and I hope it is a lesson that the Obama administration hears--is that the ability of the U.S. to halt genocidal campaigns is very limited. This is particularly true in cases in which a powerful and distant genocidal state is determined to kill. The U.S. simply could not have halted the Ottoman campaign against the Armenians, the Stalinist campaign against the Ukrainians, or the Nazi campaign against the Jews. But even in instances where the genocidal state is weak, there is not a lot the U.S. can do. Military intervention often does more harm than good in the long term (as in Iraq) and humanitarian intervention often difficult (as in North Korea). Diplomatic and economic pressure almost never works. Liberal internationalists like Power tell us that the U.S. must stop genocide by any means necessary. Fine. But American policymakers must recognize that we almost never have the means necessary to halt it. The most we can usually do is ease the suffering of the victims of genocide and pray for it to end quickly. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/history

It's safe to say that nobody but genocidaires likes genocide. It's also safe to say that everyone but genocidaires wants to halt on-going campaigns of mass murder and prevent future ones. The question, of course, is how to do this in practice. Keith Pomakoy's significant new book Helping Humanity: American Policy and Genocide Rescue (Lexington Books, 2011) explores exactly this question by analyzing American responses to mass murder over the past 125 years. The results are surprising. Contra Samantha Power, Pomakoy demonstrates that the United States has been anything but indifferent to the suffering of genocide victims abroad. The U.S. has taken measures to stop genocidal campaigns against Cubans, Armenians, Ukrainians, Jews, Cambodians, Bantus, Tutsis, Bosnian Muslims, and Albanians. These measures were not uniform: they were sometimes military (as in the case of Cuba), sometimes humanitarian (as in the case of the Armenians), and sometimes purely diplomatic (as in the case of the Ukrainians). Neither were they always effective: the U.S. was able to halt the Spanish attack on Cubans, while it was unable to do anything of significance to ameliorate the suffering of the Ukrainians. The primary lesson of Pomakoy's book--and I hope it is a lesson that the Obama administration hears--is that the ability of the U.S. to halt genocidal campaigns is very limited. This is particularly true in cases in which a powerful and distant genocidal state is determined to kill. The U.S. simply could not have halted the Ottoman campaign against the Armenians, the Stalinist campaign against the Ukrainians, or the Nazi campaign against the Jews. But even in instances where the genocidal state is weak, there is not a lot the U.S. can do. Military intervention often does more harm than good in the long term (as in Iraq) and humanitarian intervention often difficult (as in North Korea). Diplomatic and economic pressure almost never works. Liberal internationalists like Power tell us that the U.S. must stop genocide by any means necessary. Fine. But American policymakers must recognize that we almost never have the means necessary to halt it. The most we can usually do is ease the suffering of the victims of genocide and pray for it to end quickly. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/american-studies

It's safe to say that nobody but genocidaires likes genocide. It's also safe to say that everyone but genocidaires wants to halt on-going campaigns of mass murder and prevent future ones. The question, of course, is how to do this in practice. Keith Pomakoy's significant new book Helping Humanity: American Policy and Genocide Rescue (Lexington Books, 2011) explores exactly this question by analyzing American responses to mass murder over the past 125 years. The results are surprising. Contra Samantha Power, Pomakoy demonstrates that the United States has been anything but indifferent to the suffering of genocide victims abroad. The U.S. has taken measures to stop genocidal campaigns against Cubans, Armenians, Ukrainians, Jews, Cambodians, Bantus, Tutsis, Bosnian Muslims, and Albanians. These measures were not uniform: they were sometimes military (as in the case of Cuba), sometimes humanitarian (as in the case of the Armenians), and sometimes purely diplomatic (as in the case of the Ukrainians). Neither were they always effective: the U.S. was able to halt the Spanish attack on Cubans, while it was unable to do anything of significance to ameliorate the suffering of the Ukrainians. The primary lesson of Pomakoy's book--and I hope it is a lesson that the Obama administration hears--is that the ability of the U.S. to halt genocidal campaigns is very limited. This is particularly true in cases in which a powerful and distant genocidal state is determined to kill. The U.S. simply could not have halted the Ottoman campaign against the Armenians, the Stalinist campaign against the Ukrainians, or the Nazi campaign against the Jews. But even in instances where the genocidal state is weak, there is not a lot the U.S. can do. Military intervention often does more harm than good in the long term (as in Iraq) and humanitarian intervention often difficult (as in North Korea). Diplomatic and economic pressure almost never works. Liberal internationalists like Power tell us that the U.S. must stop genocide by any means necessary. Fine. But American policymakers must recognize that we almost never have the means necessary to halt it. The most we can usually do is ease the suffering of the victims of genocide and pray for it to end quickly. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/genocide-studies

This 84th Episode of CS is titled Lost & is a brief review of The Church in the East.I encourage you to go back and listen again to episode 72 – Meanwhile Back in the East, which conveyed a lot of detail about the Eastern Church & how it fared under the Mongols and Muslim Expansion in the Middle Ages.Until that time, Christianity was widespread across a good part of the Middle East, Mesopotamia, Persia, & across Central Asia – reaching all the way to China. The reaction of Muslim rulers to the incipient Mongol affiliation with Christianity meant a systemic persecution of believers in Muslim lands, especially in Egypt, where Christians were regarded as a 5th Column. Then, when the Mongols embraced Islam, entire regions of Christians were eradicated.Still, even with these deprivations, Christianity continued to live on in vast portions of across the East.Let me insert a verbal footnote at this point. Much of what follows comes form the work of Philip Jenkins, whose book The Lost History of Christianity is a stellar review of the Church of the East. I heartily recommend it to all you hardcore history fans.Consider this . . .The news recently reported the attacks by ISIS on Assyrian Christians in Northern Iraq. This is a reprise of 1933, when Muslim forces in the new nation of Iraq launched assaults on Nestorian & Assyrians, in what had once been the Christian heartland of northern Mesopotamia. But now, government-sponsored militias cleansed most of the area of its Assyrian population, killing thousands, and eliminating dozens of villages.Although the atrocities weren't new, the arrival of modern media meant they reached the attention of the world, raising demands for Western intervention.These anti-Christian purges were shocked many & elicited a new legal vocabulary. Within months, the Jewish lawyer Raphael Lemkin referred to the Assyrians & Christian Armenians before them, to argue for a new legal category called crimes of barbarity, meaning “acts of extermination directed against the ethnic, religious or social collectivities whatever the motive; be it political or religious.” In 1943, Lemkin expanded this idea and coined a new word for such abhorrent behavior—Genocide.Yes = The modern concept of genocide as a horror calling for international sanctions has its roots in successful movements to eradicate Middle Eastern Christians.I mention this less than century old genocidal campaign against Assyrian Christians because we may tend to assume the Middle East has ALWAYS been dominated by Islam, or at least, it has since the 7th C. What we ought to understand instead is that it was only in the last Century that the Middle East wasn't understood as a home to a significant popular of Christians. Take ANY Middle Eastern person out of the 18th C and plant them in the Middle East of today and they would be stunned by the paucity of Christian presence.Until a century ago, the Middle East was a bewildering quilt of religious diversity in which Christians were a familiar part of the social and cultural landscape. Particularly startling for our time traveler would be modern-day Turkey as a Muslim land.Historically speaking, until very recently, Christians were as familiar a part of the Middle Eastern scene as Jews are in the United States, or Muslims are in Western Europe. At the dawn of the 20th C, Christians of the Middle East were about 11% of the population while American Jews are only about 2%!The destruction of the Middle Eastern Christian community is an historic transformation of the region.The decline of Christianity in the Near East occurred in two distinct phases.The first occurred during the Middle Ages and largely as a result of the Crusades. But even then, Christians suffered more or less regionally. The Syriac Church was virtually annihilated while the Egyptian Copts held their own. Reduced to a minority status, they entrenched & proved durable.But the second phase of hostility against Christians began about a century ago with the advent of a new & virulent form of Islamism. Now Christians are being systematically eradicated; either by aggressive assimilation or outright persecution. The 20th C saw the emergence of a form of Islam intolerant of any other faith.The Ottoman Turks began as a rather small power in Asia Minor. After the Mongol invasions destroyed the Seljuks, the Ottomans used the wars that followed to create a power base in Asia Minor. They gradually spread over what had been the Christian Byzantine Empire. By the time they took Constantinople, the Ottoman Empire included the Balkans, and by 1500 they controlled the Black Sea. By 1520 they ruled most of the Muslim world west of Persia, as far as Algiers, and became the main enemy for European Christians. Their European conquests advanced rapidly through the 16th C under such Selim I & Suleiman the Magnificent. In 1526, the Turks conquered Hungary, destroying what was at that time a major European power. Turkish advances weren't reversed until the their loss at Vienna in 1683.Selim I took the title of caliph, and took his role as head of Islam seriously. He ordered the confiscation of all churches, many of which were razed, and Ottoman authorities forced thousands of conversions. A century later, the sultan Ibrahim planned the total extermination of Christians. From the 15th C onward, the pressure to convert to Islam was massive. Throughout Christian territories held vassal by the Turks was levied the “tribute of children” by which Christian families had to give a number of their sons to be raised by the state as slaves, or as elite soldiers, called Janissaries. These janissaries became some of the most feared warriors in the Sultan's army against the Europeans.Ottoman warfare was extremely destructive because it drew on methods stemming from the Turkish heritage of Central Asia. Ottoman forces massacred entire Christian populations, targeting clergy and leaders. In 1480, the Turks destroyed the Italian city of Otranto, killing 12,000 and executing priests by sawing them in half. The destruction of Nicosia in Cyprus in 1570 was a crucial loss to Europe. Accounts of Ottoman warfare and punishment include such gruesome techniques as impaling, crucifixion, and flaying. When a Christian leader in Wallachia, named Vlad decided to use these very same tactics against the Turks, it gave rise to the legend of Dracula.From the 15th thru the 19th Cs, the Turks ruled over a large Christian population on European soil. They called Christians rayah, “the herd,” and treated them as animals to be sheared and exploited. A Bosnian Muslim song says >> “The rayah is like the grass; Mow it as much as you will till it springs up anew.”Though pressure to convert was strong, Christianity survived, and managed to recover in a few places like Greece & Bulgaria. But the Eastern Orthodox Church now followed the way of their earlier cousins, the Nestorian and Jacobite Churches & passed under Muslim rule.As the Near East fell under the control of Islamic states, Western European nations had an ever-greater incentive to find alternative trade routes. This they did by exploiting the seas. Well into the 15th C, explorers dreamed of linking up with the fabled Prester John, and renewing the alliance against Islam. In the mid–15th C, the Portuguese explored the Atlantic & shores of Africa. By the 17th C, Europeans were well on their way to global domination. Rising economic power led to urbanization, and the share of the world's population living in Europe and in European overseas colonies grew dramatically. Demographic expansion vastly increased the relative power of European Christianity.Expanding commercial horizons brought Europe's churches into contact with the tattered shreds of the ancient Eastern Christian groups. Tensions between European and non-European churches were of ancient origin. As early as 1300, Catholic missions in China had met sharp opposition from Nestorians, who naturally saw the newcomers making inroads on their ancient territories. Now, however, the Latin powers were far stronger than before, and better able to enforce their will. During the great period of Spanish and Portuguese empire building from the mid-16th to 17th C, the leading edge of Christian expansion was the Roman Catholic Church, fortified by the militancy of the Counter-Reformation. As Catholic clergy and missionaries roamed the world, they found the remnants of many ancient churches, which they determined to bring under papal control.So long-standing was the separation of Western and Eastern churches that the 2 sides never stood much chance of an alliance. As Christianity fell to such dire straits outside Europe, Catholics dismissed foreign traditions as marginal or even unchristian. After the fall of Constantinople, Pope Pius II wrote to the victorious sultan, effectively denying that the non-Catholic churches were Christian in any worthwhile sense: they were “all tainted with error, despite their worship of Christ.” He more or less explicitly asserted the identity of Christianity with the Catholic tradition and, even more, with Europe itself.As Western Christians traveled the world, many were skeptical about the credentials of other churches. In 1723, a French Jesuit reported that “the Copts in Egypt are a strange people far removed from the kingdom of God…although they say they are Christians they are such only in name and appearance. Indeed many of them are so odd that outside of their physical form scarcely anything human can be detected in them.”Latins were troubled by the pretensions of these threadbare Christians, who nevertheless claimed such grand titles. In 1550, a Portuguese traveler reported that the 40,000 Christians along the Indian coast owed their allegiance to a head in “Babylon,” someone they called the “catholicos.” Bafflingly, they had not so much as heard of a pope at Rome. Some years later, envoys dispatched by the Vatican were appalled to discover India's Nestorians called “the Patriarch of Babylon the universal pastor and head of the Catholic Church,” a title that in their view belonged exclusively to the Roman pontiff.For the first time, many Asian and African churches now found themselves under a European-based regime, and were forced to adjust their patterns of organization and worship accordingly.Around the world, we see similar attempts at harmonization. From the 1550s, factions in the Nestorian church sought Roman support, and much of the church accepted Roman rule under a new patriarch of the Chaldeans. Like other Eastern churches, the Catholic Chaldeans retained many of their customs and their own liturgy, but this compromise was not enough to draw in other Nestorians who maintained their existence as a separate church. The Jacobites split on similar lines, with an independent church remaining apart from the Catholic Syrians.The most controversial moment in this process of assimilation occurred in 1599, when Catholic authorities in southern India sought to absorb the ancient Syriac-founded churches of the region, the Thomas Christians. The main activist was Aleixo de Menezes, archbishop of the Portuguese colony of Goa, who maneuvered the Indian church into a union with Rome at a Synod in Diamper. In Indian Christian memory, de Menezes remains a villainous symbol of European imperialism, who began the speedy Romanization of the church, enforced by Goa's notoriously active inquisition. The synod ordered the burning of books teaching Nestorian errors as well as texts teaching practices Europeans deemed superstitious. A substantial body of Syriac and Nestorian tradition perished. Many local Christians reacted against the new policy by forming separate churches, and in later years the Thomas Christians were deeply fragmented.Yet despite this double pressure from Muslims and Catholics, Eastern Christian communities survived. At its height, the Ottoman Empire encompassed the Middle East, the Balkans, and North Africa, & in Europe included millions of subject Christians. Even in 1900, Muslims made up a little less than half the empire's overall population.This survival seems amazing when we think of the accumulated military catastrophes and defeats between 1300 and 1600, and the tyranny of sultans like Selim I. Yet for all these horrors, the Ottomans also found it in their interest to maintain a stable imperial order. After Sultan Mehmet II took Constantinople, he formally invested the new patriarch with his cross and staff, just as the Christian emperors had done previously. Christian numbers stabilized as the Ottomans granted them official status under a system dating back to the ancient Persians. They had their own patriarch who was both religious and civil head. This system endured into the 1920s.Within limits, Christians often flourished, to the puzzlement of western Europeans, who could not understand the distinctive Ottoman mix of tolerance and persecution. Particularly baffling was the extensive use the empire made of non-Muslims, who were in so many other ways denied the most basic rights. Sultans regularly used Christians and former Christians as administrators, partly because such outsiders would be wholly dependent on the ruler's pleasure: eight of the nine grand viziers of Suleiman the Magnificent were of Christian origin.Making their life under the new order more acceptable, Christians actively proved their loyalty. Above all, Orthodox believers were not likely to work with foreign Catholic powers to subvert Turkish rule. The Orthodox found the Muslims no more obnoxious than the Catholic nations, whose activities in recent centuries had left horrendous memories. Apart from the Latin sack of Constantinople in 1204, later Catholic invaders like the Venetians had been almost as tyrannical to their Orthodox subjects as were the Turks. Even in the last days of the empire, a Byzantine official famously declared, “Better the Sultan's turban than the Cardinal's hat!” Matters deteriorated further when the Orthodox saw how Catholics treated members of their own church in eastern Europe.By far the worst sufferers from the carnage of the 14th C were the old Eastern Syriac churches, precisely because they had once been so powerful and had posed a real danger to Muslim supremacy. Neither Jacobites nor Nestorians ever recovered from the time of Timur. If we combine all the different branches of these churches, we find barely half a million faithful by the early 20th C, scattered from Cyprus and Syria to Persia. This implosion led to a steep decline in morale and ambition. Instead of trying to convert the whole of Asia as they had originally envisioned and seemed within their grasp, the Syrian churches survived as inward-looking quasi-tribal bodies. Succession to the Nestorian patriarchate became hereditary, passing from uncle to nephew. Intellectual activity declined to nothing, at least in comparison with its glorious past. Most clergy were illiterate, and the church texts that do survive are imbued with superstition and folk magic.Well …That brings us now back to Europe and the monumental shift the Western Church had been moving toward for some time, as we've tracked over 8 episodes in our series, The Long Road to Reform.We'll pick it up there in our next episode.