Podcasts about hebraic jews

Challenges of Church Growth Multiplication and Division Acts Focus Passage: Acts 6:1-5 1. The Importance of Unity in the Church     * Acts 6:1: “But as the believers rapidly multiplied, there were rumblings of discontent. The Greek-speaking believers complained about the Hebrew-speaking believers, saying that their widows were being discriminated against in the daily food distribution.”     * Growth often brings healthy challenges, and with challenges come opportunities for solutions shaped by God's wisdom. As leaders, we must remember that the same God who brings increase also provides answers. Rather than succumbing to panic, we are called to seek His guidance with faith, trusting that His hand will resolve difficulties when we ask, seek, and knock.     * The tension between the Hellenistic Jews and Hebraic Jews regarding the daily distribution of food underscores the importance of addressing cultural and community-specific needs within the church. This conflict wasn't just logistical—it revealed the more profound need for sensitivity, understanding, and intentional inclusion.     * The Holy Spirit equips us to be witnesses to all people (Acts 1:8), and He also empowers us with grace to bridge cultural differences, relate to diverse perspectives, and find Spirit-led solutions. Unity is not just a goal; the Church needs to embody the fullness of God's presence. As Jesus prayed in John 17:21, "that all of them may be one, Father, just as you are in me and I am in you," unity is the key to effective witness and sustained growth. 2. Spirit-Led Delegation and qualifications for leadership.     * (Acts 6:2-4).2 So the Twelve called a meeting of all the believers. They said, “We apostles should spend our time teaching the word of God, not running a food program. 3 And so, brothers, select seven men who are well respected and are full of the Spirit and wisdom. We will give them this responsibility. 4 Then we apostles can spend our time in prayer and teaching the word.”     * Every leadership role in the body of Christ should require spirit-filling. Spiritual wisdom is needed to discern God's will and make decisions according to God's heart, not man's.     * The Apostles understood their primary responsibility with the early church was prayer and teaching of the Word, especially with the rapid growth, so other vital tasks like assisting widows had to be designated to others who had to be spirit-filled.     * In Christ, all we do is go unto Him, in the power of the Spirit. Nothing should be seen as less a duty than something else just because of one's title. 3. The Power of Spirit-Filled Ministry     * Acts 6:5-8
"Everyone liked this idea, and they chose the following: Stephen (a man full of faith and the Holy Spirit), Philip, Procorus, Nicanor, Timon, Parmenas, and Nicolas of Antioch (an earlier convert to the Jewish faith). These seven were presented to the apostles, who prayed for them as they laid their hands on them. So, God's message continued to spread. The number of believers significantly increased in Jerusalem, and many of the Jewish priests were converted, too."     * The power of God is not reserved for a select few but is available to all believers. As Jesus declared in Mark 16:17, the signs accompanying those who believe in Him include casting out demons, laying hands on the sick, and more. The early church leaders, like Stephen and the others chosen, exemplified the qualifications required for leadership: being full of faith and the Holy Spirit. Without these essential traits, we are unprepared to represent Jesus effectively and bring glory to His name.     * Furthermore, the act of elders laying hands on new leaders serves as a vital moment of consecration and empowerment, setting them apart for their God-given role. This practice reinforces the spiritual significance of stepping into leadership with prayerful preparation.     * When more believers rise to accept their calling and step into leadership, the Lord multiplies His work. As each vessel contributes to the mission, the Kingdom advances, and the message of God continues to spread powerfully, just as it did in the early church. 4.  Opposition to Spirit-Filled Witness     * Acts 6:9-14
"But one day, some men from the Synagogue of Freed Slaves, as it was called, began to debate with Stephen. These were Jews from Cyrene, Alexandria, Cilicia, and the province of Asia. Yet, none of them could stand against the wisdom and the Spirit with which Stephen spoke. So they persuaded others to lie about Stephen, claiming, 'We heard him blaspheme Moses and even God.' This stirred up the people, elders, and teachers of religious law. As a result, they arrested Stephen and brought him before the high council. The false witnesses testified, 'This man constantly speaks against the holy Temple and the law of Moses. We even heard him say that this Jesus of Nazareth will destroy the Temple and change the customs Moses handed down to us.'"     * No one can stand against the wisdom of God. When we operate as Stephen did—full of faith and the Spirit—we are empowered to answer any question, speak boldly, and remain unmoved by human opposition, aligning ourselves with God's purpose. However, this does not guarantee that others will respond positively. Some hearts are so hardened and consumed by evil that nothing we say or do will move them.     * Opposition may come, often in the form of lies, schemes, and attempts to stop us at any cost. But we must remember that we are not wrestling against flesh and blood but against spiritual forces and principalities of darkness (Ephesians 6:12). Because of this, we should not take persecution personally. Instead, we are called to rejoice when we suffer for Christ's sake. By doing so, we share in the fellowship of His suffering and stand in solidarity with all the saints who have endured before us. 5. A Glimpse of Glory Amid Trials     * Acts 6:15: “At this point, everyone in the high council stared at Stephen because his face became as bright as an angel's.”     * Final Charge:
We are called to shine like the sun's rays, reflecting the light of the Son's presence. When our eyes are fixed on Jesus, no earthly opposition or suffering can diminish the glory of God radiating through us. Stephen's face, shining like an angel's, was a testament to his communion with the Lord, even in the face of persecution.     * With suffering comes glory! Let us boldly pursue the Lord and His will, keeping our gaze fixed on Him. No matter what happens on earth, we walk in the reality of Heaven. May our lives bear witness to His name, reflecting His light and His love, even in the darkest moments. -- Praise Tabernacle Dr. Joshua Kennedy,  Pastor 2235 Ocean Heights  Egg Harbor Township, NJ 08234 pastorjosh@praisetabernacle.com praisetabernacle.church  (609) 927-4560(w),

2-12-2025Will DyerThe Challenge of Acts By N.T. WrightThe discussion covers Acts chapters five through eight, focusing on the themes of mission and martyrdom. ​ The speaker, Will Dyer, begins with a personal anecdote about a communication mishap with the Richmond County School System, which transitions into a deeper exploration of the early church's experiences as described in Acts. Key points include the story of Ananias and Sapphira, who were punished for lying about their donation, highlighting the seriousness of treating holy things with reverence. The narrative continues with Peter's miraculous healings, the apostles' imprisonment and subsequent release, and their defiance of temple authorities by continuing to preach about Jesus. ​ The internal conflict between Hellenistic and Hebraic Jews over the distribution of resources is addressed by appointing deacons, emphasizing the church's dual role of internal care and external evangelism. Stephen's martyrdom is discussed, noting his radical act of forgiveness and the broader implications for the church's mission. ​ The spread of the gospel to Samaria and the story of Simon the magician underscore the challenges and corrupting influence of money on the church's witness. The session concludes with reflections on the church's purpose, the importance of financial stewardship, and a call to live out the gospel with integrity and generosity.

The Church from its beginning has been a place that meets needs. If you are hungry, thirsty, in need of help in another form, or simply searching, the Church is the place to become a part of and get what you need. It is an expansive calling. The truth is, however there is nothing like the Church. Only the Church is called to work and help everyone who enters our doors. It is what makes us unique and Jesus wouldn't have it any other way. Extra Mile: There is a bit of strategy in the Scripture passage today, Acts 6:1-7. A complaint emerged between Hellenistic and Hebraic Jews in a feeding ministry for widows. Some thought the other group was getting more food. In response, the Disciples appoint a team that is a combination of both groups to lead the ministry. We know that from the names - some are Jewish, some are Greek .The Disciples offered a smart and holy solution that allowed everyone to work together! Scripture: Acts 6:1-7 Pastor: Rev. Andy Nixon

The Church from its beginning has been a place that meets needs. If you are hungry, thirsty, in need of help in another form, or simply searching, the Church is the place to become a part of and get what you need. It is an expansive calling. The truth is, however there is nothing like the Church. Only the Church is called to work and help everyone who enters our doors. It is what makes us unique and Jesus wouldn't have it any other way. Extra Mile: There is a bit of strategy in the Scripture passage today, Acts 6:1-7. A complaint emerged between Hellenistic and Hebraic Jews in a feeding ministry for widows. Some thought the other group was getting more food. In response, the Disciples appoint a team that is a combination of both groups to lead the ministry. We know that from the names - some are Jewish, some are Greek .The Disciples offered a smart and holy solution that allowed everyone to work together! Scripture: Acts 6:1-7 Pastor: Rev. Andy Nixon

In those days when the number of disciples was increasing, the Hellenistic Jews among them complained against the Hebraic Jews because their widows were being overlooked in the daily distribution of food. So the Twelve gathered all the disciples together and said, “It would not be right for us to neglect the ministry of the word of God in order to wait on tables. Brothers and sisters, choose seven men from among you who are known to be full of the Spirit and wisdom. We will turn this responsibility over to them and will give our attention to prayer and the ministry of the word.” This proposal pleased the whole group. They chose Stephen, a man full of faith and of the Holy Spirit; also Philip, Procorus, Nicanor, Timon, Parmenas, and Nicolas from Antioch, a convert to Judaism. They presented these men to the apostles, who prayed and laid their hands on them. So the word of God spread. The number of disciples in Jerusalem increased rapidly, and a large number of priests became obedient to the faith. Now Stephen, a man full of God's grace and power, performed great wonders and signs among the people. (Acts 6.1-8, NIV)

Acts 6:1–7 NIVIn those days when the number of disciples was increasing, the Hellenistic Jews among them complained against the Hebraic Jews because their widows were being overlooked in the daily distribution of food.

Acts 6:1–7 NIVIn those days when the number of disciples was increasing, the Hellenistic Jews among them complained against the Hebraic Jews because their widows were being overlooked in the daily distribution of food.

Title: Imperfect Perfection Text: Acts 10:1-8 FCF: We often struggle with the tension of works and faith. Prop: Because Christ is well-pleasing to God, we can live in imperfect obedience and be counted righteous by faith in Christ, so we must seek out and trust in the righteousness of Christ. Scripture Intro: [Slide 1] Turn in your bible to Acts chapter 10. In a moment I'll be reading starting in verse 1 from the NET which you can follow in the pew bible on page 1242 or in whatever version you prefer. Chapter 10 of the book of Acts represents a rather pivotal point in the expansion of the gospel of Jesus. In keeping with its significance, this next narrative episode is quite lengthy. From start to finish it encompasses a chapter and a half, 66 verses. That is the longest narrative episode we've seen yet in the book of Acts. Because it is so long it is difficult to know exactly where to break it up. At first, I had verses 1-23. Then I narrowed it down to 1-20. Then I went 1-16. I finally settled for 1-8. In this way I hope to build each detail of the narrative, one block at a time, as Luke does. The narrative as a whole is somewhat of a puzzle. We have several pieces handed to us, but until they are assembled, we won't see the full picture. So, let's begin with the first detail of the story… lets start with a man from Caesarea named Cornelius. Please stand with me to focus on and show respect for The Word of God. Transition: [Slide 2] Has this ever happened to you. You are standing in the line at the grocery store. It is a very busy day. Snow's coming tomorrow so people are out in droves to make sure they have their bread milk and toilet paper. You are waiting and waiting, the line is moving slowly. Finally, you are getting close to the front. The magazines in the rack distract you… ok being honest it is the candy in the line that is distracting. All of a sudden you hear those wonderful words… “I can help you in line 3. You look up hoping to meet the gaze of the cashier only to find that this cashier had said this to the person who literally just got in line. Makes you a little hot right? Like, HEY! I've been here this whole time. What would justice be? Would it be that they have to wait the same amount you do, or more? We all kinda feel this way about short cuts don't we. But Jesus taught a parable of men being hired for work at various times of the day and still getting paid the same amount. The employer couldn't be accused of being stingy because he paid everyone a day's wage. But to the one who worked less, it seemed like he got more. Jesus' point was that it was the employer's prerogative to be generous in the way He wished to be generous. Today, we will see the abundant graciousness and generosity of our Lord to offer the Jewish Messiah to a gentile. Let's look at verse 1. I.) No matter how good man is perceived to be, he is not good enough by God's standards, so we must seek out and trust in the righteousness of Christ. (1-2) a. [Slide 3] 1 – Now there was a man in Caesarea i. [Slide 4] Caesarea as we can see on our map, is the furthest Northwest that the gospel has ever gone in the book of Acts. ii. Damascus represents the furthest northeast. iii. Caesarea is almost at the furthest north border of Samaria. iv. In short, the gospel is spreading far and wide throughout all of Judea and Samaria. It doesn't appear to be slowing down anytime soon. b. [Slide 5] named Cornelius, a centurion of what was known as the Italian Cohort. i. Cornelius is a Latin name meaning Of the horn. Cornucopia means horn of plenty. ii. Having a Latin name is not the only indication that this man is a gentile. iii. He is also a centurion. Meaning he is the leader of about 100 men within the Roman army. iv. He was also part of a larger Italian division of the Roman army called a Legion or a Cohort. v. A legion or Cohort consisted of 600 men. Meaning that Cornelius was no doubt one of 6 military leaders within this particular division of the military. vi. All this establishes Cornelius not only as a gentile but also a prominent one at that. vii. The question arises, if this man was in the Italian Cohort, why was he in Caesarea? viii. Caesarea is a highly valued port city on the Mediterranean and it would not be unthinkable for the Roman Emperor to keep a Legion station here. Especially in the wake of the political upheaval of Caligula becoming emperor and Herod Antipas being exiled around this time. ix. It would actually make a great deal of sense to have extra troops in the area just in case something happens. x. But there is more to this man than simply his prominence and his nationality. c. [Slide 6] 2 - He was a devout, God-fearing man, as was all his household; i. What does Luke mean that he was a devout God-fearing man? ii. In some ways this could be a simple description of Cornelius' affiliation with the Jewish faith. However, Luke hasn't shied away from using the term proselyte. In Luke 6 he mentioned Nicholas who was a Gentile proselyte now converted to Christ. iii. So, what exactly is Cornelius? Is he a proselyte or something else? iv. [Slide 7] To answer this question, we must look back among the first century historical and archeological records to understand a hierarchy that existed within the Jewish faith. 1. First there were Hebraic Jews. These were Jews who refused to allow Greek influence to spread among them. They continued to speak Hebrew or at least Aramaic. They did not assimilate into Greek traditions and heritages. They attended all the feasts and festivals and made sacrifices in the temple. 2. Second there were Hellenistic Jews. These were Jews who had succumbed to Greek influence in some way or another. Though still devout and Jewish, they had lost the ability to speak Hebrew and possibly even Aramaic. They, in some cases, had allowed Greek thought and culture to influence other aspects of their lives. They still attended feasts and festivals and made sacrifices in the temple. 3. Third there would be gentile proselytes. These would be gentiles who converted to Judaism and submitted themselves fully to the religious, ritualistic, and legal practices of the Jews. They would endure circumcision and offer whatever sacrifices they were permitted to offer though they would not be permitted in the inner courts of the temple. 4. Fourth there would be what would be known as God-Fearers. This is specifically a group of gentiles that are favorable to Jewish culture and faith and perhaps even in the process of becoming a proselyte, but are not yet truly converted. They were not circumcised. They did not necessarily attend the festivals and feasts, and they did not offer sacrifices at the temple. They would adopt monotheism and attempt to keep the 10 commandments in their lives. 5. Finally, would be, essentially, everyone else. The pagans and polytheists. These are the furthest away from God, since they worship false gods and not the one true God. v. [Slide 8] Cornelius then, is a God-Fearer. He is not quite a proselyte but is sympathetic to Jewish culture and faith. vi. Why is this significant? 1. This is the first time in the book of Acts so far that a non-Jew by blood and by religion becomes the focal point of the story. 2. Second, we've seen Luke's story arch up to this point and it is reasonable to conclude even if we've never read the rest of this narrative, that the gospel circle is widening yet again. 3. Will the gospel go to gentiles not fully assimilated into Judaism? If so, do they need to be Jews first? We'll have to see. vii. We also see that his whole household were also God-Fearers. Now what does this mean? 1. A household is the basic unit of social structure. But it differed from our household structure we have today. 2. Ignoring for the moment the fracturing of the modern household; even in the ideal with Father, Mother, children this would represent a much smaller sphere than 1st century households. 3. A household in the first century could include a much wider spectrum of kinship. There could also be servants and slaves included in the term household. 4. In short, a household could include anyone who lived in the home and met in the home as family. 5. And so, as we might expect, everyone in Cornelius' house were God-Fearers also. We get the impression that he led the effort for this to be so. Most likely he was the patriarch and priest of his family. viii. How else did he lead? d. [Slide 9] he did many acts of charity for the people and prayed to God regularly. i. Alms giving and prayer have long been a standard measure for the truly pious. ii. As such the Pharisees were critiqued for their show of contributing large sums of money and long public prayers in order to seem very devout and pious. iii. Alms giving and prayer are two of the five pillars of the Islamic Faith. iv. Alms giving and prayer are sometimes a means of restitution in the Catholic Church. v. And even in the 1st century, Roman and Greek philosophers idealized acts of charity and devoted prayer to deities. vi. In short, giving charity to those who are less fortunate and praying regularly have always been associated with those who are devout and pious people. Whether it is true or not. And regardless of religion. You at least appear to be pious when you give alms and are consistently praying. vii. We ought also to see the correlation between Tabitha and Cornelius. Tabitha was a disciple of Christ who gave charitably too. We are not told that she prayed often, but it is reasonable to conclude she did. viii. On the surface then, we are given a man who has everything right, but he is missing one piece of the puzzle. But here is a hint. The piece of the puzzle he is missing isn't that he hasn't yet become a Jewish proselyte. e. [Slide 10] Summary of the Point: As wonderful of a man as Cornelius was, admired by men, prominent, a leader, a manager of a house, and pious to boot, he was still not good enough. He still lacked something. No doubt everyone admired and respected a man like Cornelius. And even though he wasn't quite Jewish, we will see later he is highly respected by the Jews. The core truth we see in this first point is that a man can be judged to be a good man by all of society and still be short of the standard of God. For God does not require a good man. He requires a perfect man. Jesus died for sinners… even those whom our society labels as saints. So, we must not rest on our laurels and our own self-righteousness, for it will never be good enough. But we must seek out and trust in the righteousness of Christ. Transition: [Slide 11 (blank)] But we have made some logical leaps here. Is God not pleased at all by Cornelius' lifestyle? And how do we know Cornelius lacks Jesus? Well, God sends this man an angel. Let's see what the angel says. II.) God is pleased with and graciously corrects those who sincerely worship Him, so we must seek out and trust in the righteousness of Christ. (3-6) a. [Slide 12] 3 – About three o'clock one afternoon he saw clearly in a vision an angel of God, who came in and said to him, “Cornelius.” i. At 3 in the afternoon, it would be a traditional time for sacrifices and prayers to be offered up at the temple. ii. It was at this time that Cornelius, who was probably entering again into prayer, saw a waking vision. iii. A vision is something that appears clearly, vividly, and credibly in the mind but is not actually present. iv. An angel appears to him in this vision and calls to him. v. Like Jesus to Saul before him, this angel identifies Cornelius by name. b. [Slide 13] 4 – Staring at him and becoming greatly afraid, Cornelius replied, “What is it, Lord?” i. Cornelius had never seen anything like this before. ii. Like every person who encounters an angel of God, he becomes sorely afraid. iii. Cornelius responds to this angel's call by using almost the same words Saul used when he was met by Christ. iv. Saul asked, who are you, Lord? And Cornelius says, “What is it, Lord?” v. What does this mean? vi. It is difficult to know whether Cornelius has assumed that he was seeing God Himself or whether he is using this term “lord” in its less theologically charged meaning, “Sir.” vii. Even if he did mistake this angel for God, would you blame him? viii. Regardless of what Cornelius meant, the angel makes it plain that he is not God but bears God's message to him. c. [Slide 14] The angel said to him, “Your prayers and your acts of charity have gone up as a memorial before God. i. The angel indicates clearly that he is not God, but informs him that his prayers and charity have gone up before God. ii. What does it mean that his prayers and offerings have “Gone up before God?“ iii. And what is meant by it being a memorial or as other translations have it a “memorial offering?” iv. In the book of Leviticus, in several sacrifices the priests are instructed to take a handful of the offering and burn it on the altar before the Lord. The rest of the offering would be used by the priests. v. These are called memorial offerings because the one who gives the offering and the one burning the offering are all reminded that though God deserves all of the offering, he is pleased with a small portion. vi. How appropriate for the angel messenger to convey this to Cornelius. vii. Cornelius is, after all, not circumcised. He does not go to the temple for sacrifices. He meets in synagogues to learn of the Jewish faith and practice, and attempts to live accordingly, but is not Jewish. viii. Yet Yahweh, The God of Israel, through His angel, tells Cornelius that his charity and prayers have amounted to a memorial sacrifice. They have pleased God. ix. Though he has never sacrificed in the temple, his charity and prayers have been his offering. x. And his offering has pleased God. xi. So, is he good? Is Cornelius saved? Is that enough? Did he earn his salvation by an offering? xii. No. The angel had more to say. d. [Slide 15] Now send men to Joppa and summon a man named Simon, who is called Peter. 6 This man is staying as a guest with a man named Simon, a tanner, whose house is by the sea.” i. The angel communicates another message to Cornelius that, at first, appears to be separate from the first. ii. However, they are related. iii. He tells him to send men to fetch Peter and tells him where Peter is staying. iv. But we all know the reason for this. v. And later we find out that the angel told Cornelius not only that Peter needed to come to see him, but that he had a message to give to him. A message of salvation. For him, and his household. vi. It is almost as if God is telling Cornelius, “Remember, though you stand a far way off, you have gotten the important part of Judaism. You have gotten enough of Judaism to be ready for the next step in Judaism. Now Peter will come and show you what you lack.” vii. Is God giving Cornelius a shortcut? Is God saying… I desire obedience and not sacrifices? e. [Slide 16] Summary of the Point: And so, in this point, although those who are perceived as good and devout men are still not good enough, God is good and gracious to those who diligently seek Him. Though Cornelius had just enough truth and just enough good works to condemn him to hell, God rewards those who are pursuing Him. In many ways, Cornelius was probably more devout than most Jews of his day, because his motives were pure. He sincerely sought the Lord. God is pleased with those who, even imperfectly, sincerely worship Him. And God is sure to lead such people to what they lack. So, we must not be satisfied with our broken attempts to please God, even if He is pleased by our sincerity. Instead, we must seek out and trust in the righteousness of Christ. For it is in Jesus that the Lord has said, “This is my beloved Son in whom I am well-pleased.” Transition: [Slide 17(blank)] God rewards Cornelius' diligent seeking by revealing his need. He needs to call on Peter. Peter needs to come and give him and his household a message. So, what do those who have been illuminated by God do? What do those whose eyes have been opened do? They obey… III.) All who God corrects and instructs with truth obey His commands, so we must seek out and trust in the righteousness of Christ. (7-8) a. [Slide 18] 7 – When the angel who had spoken to him departed, Cornelius called two of his personal servants and a devout soldier from among those who served him, i. Like Aeneas and Tabitha before, Cornelius sets out to obey what has been revealed to him. ii. Aeneas was healed of his paralysis, Tabitha raised from death, but Cornelius was healed of another malady. A malady equally as hopeless. iii. You see for Cornelius though he was a God-Fearer, and though he could potentially achieve proselyte status in the Jewish faith and gain some measure of closeness to Yahweh, the God of Israel. He could never come closer than this. He could never enter the courts of the Jews much less the holy place or the Holy of Holies for that matter. iv. But what has his acts of charity and prayer done? It is a memorial offering. A reminder to him that though God requires all, He is pleased with what Cornelius has done. For he has done it while sincerely seeking Yahweh. v. So God rewards Cornelius by sending an angel, with the truth of the way he could be healed of that relational distance. vi. He has been told that he can come and receive the same gospel message that was given to the Jews. He need not be a proselyte first. Cornelius doesn't need to be circumcised. He doesn't need to become a Jew first. He simply needs the message that Peter will give him. What is that message? Jesus Christ crucified for sinners. 1. Jesus is the funnel. Jesus is the choke point. Jesus is not only the next and final redemptive step in Judaism, but He is also the next and final redemptive step for the Gentile as well. 2. He is the next and final step in the covenants He made with Adam and Eve. a. He is the sacrifice that was killed in their place so that they could be clothed perfectly and completely. b. He is the seed that has crushed the head of the serpent and enlarged the family of God. c. He is the New Adam, our new representative, keeping the covenant of works perfectly. 3. He is the next and final step in the covenant made with Noah. a. He is the ark delivering His people from the world of sin and the judgment that will overwhelm it. b. He is the bow of promise establishing peace between the Father and His people. c. He is bringing the next baptism with the Spirit and with Fire. 4. All the covenants of God, to Jews and Gentiles alike, are funneled down to Jesus. vii. And what does Cornelius do after receiving this command which he is told will be the solution for his malady of relational distance to Yahweh? What does he do when he is told that Peter holds the key for that distance to be erased? He obeys the angel and sends for Peter. b. [Slide 19] 8 - and when he had explained everything to them, he sent them to Joppa. i. It is difficult to know exactly what he tells these two servants and soldier. ii. The text says he had explained everything. iii. It seems as though everything he knew, saw, and believed was given to these men as he sent them to bring Peter. iv. Cornelius not only believed the angel, but wanted his whole house to believe as well. c. [Slide 20] Summary of the Point: We've seen how the devotion and goodness of Cornelius was not enough, that he still lacked true righteousness. We've also seen the faithfulness and compassion of God to reward those who seek Him diligently. And finally, we see the faithful obedience of all whom God reveals truth to… Cornelius was given life changing truth that would free him from his relational distance to God. And that truth would be given to him by Peter the apostle. So, what does Cornelius do when he is told that Peter holds the key for him to be brought into a close and special relationship with Yahweh? He obeys the angel and sends for Peter immediately. My friends, we know the piece that Cornelius was missing. It is Jesus crucified for sinners. So, we too must seek out and trust in the righteousness of Christ. Conclusion: So, CBC, what has the Lord said and how then shall we live? What doctrinal takeaway can we pull from this today? Doctrinal Takeaway: [Slide 21] Men and women can live lives that are devout and pious, being paragons of good among humanity. God is pleased with those who attempt to live out His law and seek to please Him. But mankind's devotion and piety is not enough to satisfy the holy standard of God. So, God in His grace rewards those who diligently seek to please and worship Him. He rewards them by revealing to them how they can be made right with Him. In this we see the tension of mankind's spiritual status as dead and paralyzed juxtaposed against being able to actually, in some way, please God with our meager efforts. Another riddle. The great answer is that God's legal standard is perfection, even if it is pleasing for us to obey Him and seek Him, it will never satisfy the legal requirement of perfection. But that is why God has sent His Son. And that is why God promises to reward those who seek Him. Cornelius was rewarded for faithfully pursuing the God if Israel. How was He rewarded? He was rewarded by God offering Him the next and final step in His redemption. And it was not to make him a Jew first. It was to transfer him directly into the family of the Son. So Cornelius obeyed the Lord and sent for Peter. Jesus is the answer for all men and not just the Jews. All the covenants of God are fulfilled in Him. My friends, although it is true that when we are God's people, we obey Him… our obedience is not what we rely on. Because our obedience will always be imperfect in this life. Instead, we depend on Christ's righteousness. For it is only in Christ that the Lord's legal standard is met. The best we can hope for is God to be pleased with us. With Christ, The Father is well-pleased. So let me improve upon this point in a few ways for us this morning. 1.) [Slide 22] Mind Transformation: “What truth must we believe from this text?” or “What might we not naturally believe that we must believe because of what this text has said?” We must believe that no matter how much righteousness we can muster, it will never satisfy God's perfect standard. a. Cornelius was a man who put many Jews to shame. He devoted himself and his entire household to upholding monotheism and the law of the God of Israel. b. Even though he would never be accepted into the inner relationship to Yahweh, he still served Him and sought Him. c. This is a far cry from the Sadducees who only wanted power with their piety. It is lightyears away from the Pharisees who desired honor from men by their devotion to God. d. Nevertheless, as righteous as he was, Cornelius was still missing something. As pleasing as his actions were to God, he still lacked what Peter would bring. e. From meticulous legalism to liberal sincerity, mankind cannot ever achieve the perfect standard of God. f. As we spoke last week, we are all dead in sin. We are hopeless to heal ourselves. Hopeless to raise ourselves. The Lord must do this work. g. But our problem only begins there. Even though the Lord must raise us from sin death that is only half of our problem. For not only are we dead in sin, but we also dead to righteousness, h. Mankind, my friends, is in quite the pickle. Not only do they not want to please God, but even if they did want to, they couldn't. You see God can't bring us to life and then let us go. For we would simply die in sin again when we fail. i. No. God must unite us to something that will never fail. j. This is what orthodox Christianity teaches. Mankind is doubly damned. Not only are we dead in sin, but God's standard is perfection. You cannot be perfect if you are by nature dead in flaws. k. Like a computer with a hardware problem. Even if you reboot it and debug it… if there is a flaw with the hard drive or the motherboard… it will never function properly. The bad hardware must be replaced. l. Mankind not only needs a reboot, but a hardware replacement as well. 2.) [Slide 23] Refutation: “What lies must we cast down” or “What do we naturally believe, or have been taught to believe, that this passage shows is false?” We must deny that being dead in sin means we are unable to do good. a. Some having misunderstood this teaching have critiqued it by saying, “If mankind is dead in sin, If mankind is not righteous, then why do my Muslim neighbors shovel my driveway out of kindness? Why do my lost family members buy me flowers when I'm down? Why do my unbelieving co-workers pay their taxes and offer sacrificial love to their families?” b. They offer a wise critique to a doctrine no one is teaching. c. No one teaches that because mankind is dead in sin they can do no good thing. No one is teaching that because mankind is enslaved to sin that all they can do is sin. d. What we mean when we say that mankind is totally depraved or totally unable is that man is not able and not willing to spiritually free himself from sin or seek God or be made right with God. e. In the previous example we said that “mankind not only needs a reboot, but a hardware replacement as well.” Now think with me… if we are the computer, can we do that on our own? f. And I know you are thinking – well sometimes my computer reboots on its own. g. Does it? Or did someone program the computer to reboot under certain conditions? h. This is what this doctrine means. Just like a computer, we are not able to reboot ourselves or change our hardware. i. But that doesn't mean that the computer can't do some good things right? It just means that those good things don't fix the problem. j. Cornelius proves this out. He was able to do good things, things that were pleasing to God – but he still needed God to send an angel and an apostle to bring him to Christ. 3.) [Slide 24] De-Exhortation: “What actions should we stop doing” or “What behaviors do we naturally practice that this passage tells us to stop doing?” We must stop relying on our own obedience to perfectly please God. a. No doubt we all sometimes succumb to this erroneous teaching that has bound so many of God's dear children. b. We speak harshly to our wives and hit every red light on the way to work. Immediately we observe, God is punishing me for being harsh. c. We pray for our neighbor and then we inherit a small house form a distant uncle who passed. Apparently, God is pleased with me for praying for my neighbors. d. If I wear this, or go to that movie, or drink that, or say this, God will be most displeased with me. e. Even though there is a certain measure of truth in some of this – God is pleased and displeased by our choices, the thing that is faulty is our reliance on our performance to please God. f. My friends, our performance is not what perfectly pleases God. Why? Because our performance is never perfect. g. The scriptures teach us that there is no condemnation in Christ. The scriptures teach us that although we will be rewarded with crowns for our faithfulness to God – we will cast them all at the feet of Jesus. h. The whole of it my friends is that we can't be more or less pleasing to God because we are in Christ. And with Christ, the Father is well-pleased. i. But we could pendulum swing here couldn't we… 4.) [Slide 25] Exhortation: “What actions should we take?” or “What is this passage specifically commanding us to do that we don't naturally do or aren't currently doing?” We must obey the Lord while trusting that Christ has satisfied God's perfect standard of performance. a. You see my friends, we obey the Lord out of love and thanksgiving. b. We are not trying to please Him more or fear displeasing him. We are obeying His law because we love Him and are thankful that He first loved us. c. We rest in the perfect righteousness of Christ, knowing that we will never lose that perfect standing before our Father. And then in that state of declared righteousness, we imperfectly obey. d. This is the beauty of the gospel. e. We are imperfectly perfect by faith in Christ. f. And it works because He changes our desires. We no longer want to wallow in imperfection. Instead, we long to be like Christ, while knowing that God has made us to be His righteousness. g. What a great God we serve that although His standard is perfection, He has achieved it for us while changing us to continue to desire it. 5.) [Slide 26] Comfort: “What comfort can we find here?” or “What peace does the Lord promise us in light of this passage of scripture?” God will reveal Himself to those who diligently pursue Him. a. Perhaps you left last week with a feeling of despair. b. God must wake up people from spiritual death and paralysis. I get it. But what if someone really really really wants to serve God but God says no to waking them up? c. What if someone really wants to be saved but God never turns the lights on, God never opens the prison cell. God never raises them up. What happens then? d. My friends… God promises that those who diligently seek Him will be rewarded. Those who keep knocking on His door, He won't cast out. He will welcome them in. e. Perhaps that is you today. Perhaps you have desired to be God's child and have been knocking and knocking and still He has not answered. f. Will you give up now? Will you turn away? Where will you go? Who else can save like our God? g. There is no other name under heaven by which men can be saved. He is the Son of God who has the words of life… where else can you go? h. Don't stop knocking my friends. The Lord promises that He will let you in. Let me close with a prayer from the church father Eusebius of Caesarea, fitting since Cornelius was from this city. We give you thanks, our God and Savior, and to you, O Christ, in our own feeble way. You are the supreme providence of the mighty Father, who both saves us from evil and teaches us in the way of truth. I say these things not to praise, but simply to give thanks. Who among us is worthy to give you praise? You called creation into being from nothing. You illuminated it with your light. You regulated the confusion of the elements by your laws of harmony and order. More than that, we recognize your lovingkindness. You caused those whose hearts inclined toward you to sincerely seek a divine and blessed life. You've allowed us to pass along what we've received from you, like merchants of wisdom and true blessings. We reap the everlasting fruit of your goodness. Freed from the net of sin, and permeated with a love for others, mercy is always our point of view. We hope for the promise of faith, and we are devoted to modest living – all the virtues we had once thrown aside, but are now restored by you whose generous care is over all. In Jesus name we pray… Amen. May the God who did not spare His own Son, But sent Him to gladly bear our burden on the cross, Remind you always of these things, though you Know them and are firmly established in the truth, Until you arrive to a full measure of glory. Until we meet again… Go in peace.

Title: Imperfect Perfection Text: Acts 10:1-8 FCF: We often struggle with the tension of works and faith. Prop: Because Christ is well-pleasing to God, we can live in imperfect obedience and be counted righteous by faith in Christ, so we must seek out and trust in the righteousness of Christ. Scripture Intro: [Slide 1] Turn in your bible to Acts chapter 10. In a moment I'll be reading starting in verse 1 from the NET which you can follow in the pew bible on page 1242 or in whatever version you prefer. Chapter 10 of the book of Acts represents a rather pivotal point in the expansion of the gospel of Jesus. In keeping with its significance, this next narrative episode is quite lengthy. From start to finish it encompasses a chapter and a half, 66 verses. That is the longest narrative episode we've seen yet in the book of Acts. Because it is so long it is difficult to know exactly where to break it up. At first, I had verses 1-23. Then I narrowed it down to 1-20. Then I went 1-16. I finally settled for 1-8. In this way I hope to build each detail of the narrative, one block at a time, as Luke does. The narrative as a whole is somewhat of a puzzle. We have several pieces handed to us, but until they are assembled, we won't see the full picture. So, let's begin with the first detail of the story… lets start with a man from Caesarea named Cornelius. Please stand with me to focus on and show respect for The Word of God. Transition: [Slide 2] Has this ever happened to you. You are standing in the line at the grocery store. It is a very busy day. Snow's coming tomorrow so people are out in droves to make sure they have their bread milk and toilet paper. You are waiting and waiting, the line is moving slowly. Finally, you are getting close to the front. The magazines in the rack distract you… ok being honest it is the candy in the line that is distracting. All of a sudden you hear those wonderful words… “I can help you in line 3. You look up hoping to meet the gaze of the cashier only to find that this cashier had said this to the person who literally just got in line. Makes you a little hot right? Like, HEY! I've been here this whole time. What would justice be? Would it be that they have to wait the same amount you do, or more? We all kinda feel this way about short cuts don't we. But Jesus taught a parable of men being hired for work at various times of the day and still getting paid the same amount. The employer couldn't be accused of being stingy because he paid everyone a day's wage. But to the one who worked less, it seemed like he got more. Jesus' point was that it was the employer's prerogative to be generous in the way He wished to be generous. Today, we will see the abundant graciousness and generosity of our Lord to offer the Jewish Messiah to a gentile. Let's look at verse 1. I.) No matter how good man is perceived to be, he is not good enough by God's standards, so we must seek out and trust in the righteousness of Christ. (1-2) a. [Slide 3] 1 – Now there was a man in Caesarea i. [Slide 4] Caesarea as we can see on our map, is the furthest Northwest that the gospel has ever gone in the book of Acts. ii. Damascus represents the furthest northeast. iii. Caesarea is almost at the furthest north border of Samaria. iv. In short, the gospel is spreading far and wide throughout all of Judea and Samaria. It doesn't appear to be slowing down anytime soon. b. [Slide 5] named Cornelius, a centurion of what was known as the Italian Cohort. i. Cornelius is a Latin name meaning Of the horn. Cornucopia means horn of plenty. ii. Having a Latin name is not the only indication that this man is a gentile. iii. He is also a centurion. Meaning he is the leader of about 100 men within the Roman army. iv. He was also part of a larger Italian division of the Roman army called a Legion or a Cohort. v. A legion or Cohort consisted of 600 men. Meaning that Cornelius was no doubt one of 6 military leaders within this particular division of the military. vi. All this establishes Cornelius not only as a gentile but also a prominent one at that. vii. The question arises, if this man was in the Italian Cohort, why was he in Caesarea? viii. Caesarea is a highly valued port city on the Mediterranean and it would not be unthinkable for the Roman Emperor to keep a Legion station here. Especially in the wake of the political upheaval of Caligula becoming emperor and Herod Antipas being exiled around this time. ix. It would actually make a great deal of sense to have extra troops in the area just in case something happens. x. But there is more to this man than simply his prominence and his nationality. c. [Slide 6] 2 - He was a devout, God-fearing man, as was all his household; i. What does Luke mean that he was a devout God-fearing man? ii. In some ways this could be a simple description of Cornelius' affiliation with the Jewish faith. However, Luke hasn't shied away from using the term proselyte. In Luke 6 he mentioned Nicholas who was a Gentile proselyte now converted to Christ. iii. So, what exactly is Cornelius? Is he a proselyte or something else? iv. [Slide 7] To answer this question, we must look back among the first century historical and archeological records to understand a hierarchy that existed within the Jewish faith. 1. First there were Hebraic Jews. These were Jews who refused to allow Greek influence to spread among them. They continued to speak Hebrew or at least Aramaic. They did not assimilate into Greek traditions and heritages. They attended all the feasts and festivals and made sacrifices in the temple. 2. Second there were Hellenistic Jews. These were Jews who had succumbed to Greek influence in some way or another. Though still devout and Jewish, they had lost the ability to speak Hebrew and possibly even Aramaic. They, in some cases, had allowed Greek thought and culture to influence other aspects of their lives. They still attended feasts and festivals and made sacrifices in the temple. 3. Third there would be gentile proselytes. These would be gentiles who converted to Judaism and submitted themselves fully to the religious, ritualistic, and legal practices of the Jews. They would endure circumcision and offer whatever sacrifices they were permitted to offer though they would not be permitted in the inner courts of the temple. 4. Fourth there would be what would be known as God-Fearers. This is specifically a group of gentiles that are favorable to Jewish culture and faith and perhaps even in the process of becoming a proselyte, but are not yet truly converted. They were not circumcised. They did not necessarily attend the festivals and feasts, and they did not offer sacrifices at the temple. They would adopt monotheism and attempt to keep the 10 commandments in their lives. 5. Finally, would be, essentially, everyone else. The pagans and polytheists. These are the furthest away from God, since they worship false gods and not the one true God. v. [Slide 8] Cornelius then, is a God-Fearer. He is not quite a proselyte but is sympathetic to Jewish culture and faith. vi. Why is this significant? 1. This is the first time in the book of Acts so far that a non-Jew by blood and by religion becomes the focal point of the story. 2. Second, we've seen Luke's story arch up to this point and it is reasonable to conclude even if we've never read the rest of this narrative, that the gospel circle is widening yet again. 3. Will the gospel go to gentiles not fully assimilated into Judaism? If so, do they need to be Jews first? We'll have to see. vii. We also see that his whole household were also God-Fearers. Now what does this mean? 1. A household is the basic unit of social structure. But it differed from our household structure we have today. 2. Ignoring for the moment the fracturing of the modern household; even in the ideal with Father, Mother, children this would represent a much smaller sphere than 1st century households. 3. A household in the first century could include a much wider spectrum of kinship. There could also be servants and slaves included in the term household. 4. In short, a household could include anyone who lived in the home and met in the home as family. 5. And so, as we might expect, everyone in Cornelius' house were God-Fearers also. We get the impression that he led the effort for this to be so. Most likely he was the patriarch and priest of his family. viii. How else did he lead? d. [Slide 9] he did many acts of charity for the people and prayed to God regularly. i. Alms giving and prayer have long been a standard measure for the truly pious. ii. As such the Pharisees were critiqued for their show of contributing large sums of money and long public prayers in order to seem very devout and pious. iii. Alms giving and prayer are two of the five pillars of the Islamic Faith. iv. Alms giving and prayer are sometimes a means of restitution in the Catholic Church. v. And even in the 1st century, Roman and Greek philosophers idealized acts of charity and devoted prayer to deities. vi. In short, giving charity to those who are less fortunate and praying regularly have always been associated with those who are devout and pious people. Whether it is true or not. And regardless of religion. You at least appear to be pious when you give alms and are consistently praying. vii. We ought also to see the correlation between Tabitha and Cornelius. Tabitha was a disciple of Christ who gave charitably too. We are not told that she prayed often, but it is reasonable to conclude she did. viii. On the surface then, we are given a man who has everything right, but he is missing one piece of the puzzle. But here is a hint. The piece of the puzzle he is missing isn't that he hasn't yet become a Jewish proselyte. e. [Slide 10] Summary of the Point: As wonderful of a man as Cornelius was, admired by men, prominent, a leader, a manager of a house, and pious to boot, he was still not good enough. He still lacked something. No doubt everyone admired and respected a man like Cornelius. And even though he wasn't quite Jewish, we will see later he is highly respected by the Jews. The core truth we see in this first point is that a man can be judged to be a good man by all of society and still be short of the standard of God. For God does not require a good man. He requires a perfect man. Jesus died for sinners… even those whom our society labels as saints. So, we must not rest on our laurels and our own self-righteousness, for it will never be good enough. But we must seek out and trust in the righteousness of Christ. Transition: [Slide 11 (blank)] But we have made some logical leaps here. Is God not pleased at all by Cornelius' lifestyle? And how do we know Cornelius lacks Jesus? Well, God sends this man an angel. Let's see what the angel says. II.) God is pleased with and graciously corrects those who sincerely worship Him, so we must seek out and trust in the righteousness of Christ. (3-6) a. [Slide 12] 3 – About three o'clock one afternoon he saw clearly in a vision an angel of God, who came in and said to him, “Cornelius.” i. At 3 in the afternoon, it would be a traditional time for sacrifices and prayers to be offered up at the temple. ii. It was at this time that Cornelius, who was probably entering again into prayer, saw a waking vision. iii. A vision is something that appears clearly, vividly, and credibly in the mind but is not actually present. iv. An angel appears to him in this vision and calls to him. v. Like Jesus to Saul before him, this angel identifies Cornelius by name. b. [Slide 13] 4 – Staring at him and becoming greatly afraid, Cornelius replied, “What is it, Lord?” i. Cornelius had never seen anything like this before. ii. Like every person who encounters an angel of God, he becomes sorely afraid. iii. Cornelius responds to this angel's call by using almost the same words Saul used when he was met by Christ. iv. Saul asked, who are you, Lord? And Cornelius says, “What is it, Lord?” v. What does this mean? vi. It is difficult to know whether Cornelius has assumed that he was seeing God Himself or whether he is using this term “lord” in its less theologically charged meaning, “Sir.” vii. Even if he did mistake this angel for God, would you blame him? viii. Regardless of what Cornelius meant, the angel makes it plain that he is not God but bears God's message to him. c. [Slide 14] The angel said to him, “Your prayers and your acts of charity have gone up as a memorial before God. i. The angel indicates clearly that he is not God, but informs him that his prayers and charity have gone up before God. ii. What does it mean that his prayers and offerings have “Gone up before God?“ iii. And what is meant by it being a memorial or as other translations have it a “memorial offering?” iv. In the book of Leviticus, in several sacrifices the priests are instructed to take a handful of the offering and burn it on the altar before the Lord. The rest of the offering would be used by the priests. v. These are called memorial offerings because the one who gives the offering and the one burning the offering are all reminded that though God deserves all of the offering, he is pleased with a small portion. vi. How appropriate for the angel messenger to convey this to Cornelius. vii. Cornelius is, after all, not circumcised. He does not go to the temple for sacrifices. He meets in synagogues to learn of the Jewish faith and practice, and attempts to live accordingly, but is not Jewish. viii. Yet Yahweh, The God of Israel, through His angel, tells Cornelius that his charity and prayers have amounted to a memorial sacrifice. They have pleased God. ix. Though he has never sacrificed in the temple, his charity and prayers have been his offering. x. And his offering has pleased God. xi. So, is he good? Is Cornelius saved? Is that enough? Did he earn his salvation by an offering? xii. No. The angel had more to say. d. [Slide 15] Now send men to Joppa and summon a man named Simon, who is called Peter. 6 This man is staying as a guest with a man named Simon, a tanner, whose house is by the sea.” i. The angel communicates another message to Cornelius that, at first, appears to be separate from the first. ii. However, they are related. iii. He tells him to send men to fetch Peter and tells him where Peter is staying. iv. But we all know the reason for this. v. And later we find out that the angel told Cornelius not only that Peter needed to come to see him, but that he had a message to give to him. A message of salvation. For him, and his household. vi. It is almost as if God is telling Cornelius, “Remember, though you stand a far way off, you have gotten the important part of Judaism. You have gotten enough of Judaism to be ready for the next step in Judaism. Now Peter will come and show you what you lack.” vii. Is God giving Cornelius a shortcut? Is God saying… I desire obedience and not sacrifices? e. [Slide 16] Summary of the Point: And so, in this point, although those who are perceived as good and devout men are still not good enough, God is good and gracious to those who diligently seek Him. Though Cornelius had just enough truth and just enough good works to condemn him to hell, God rewards those who are pursuing Him. In many ways, Cornelius was probably more devout than most Jews of his day, because his motives were pure. He sincerely sought the Lord. God is pleased with those who, even imperfectly, sincerely worship Him. And God is sure to lead such people to what they lack. So, we must not be satisfied with our broken attempts to please God, even if He is pleased by our sincerity. Instead, we must seek out and trust in the righteousness of Christ. For it is in Jesus that the Lord has said, “This is my beloved Son in whom I am well-pleased.” Transition: [Slide 17(blank)] God rewards Cornelius' diligent seeking by revealing his need. He needs to call on Peter. Peter needs to come and give him and his household a message. So, what do those who have been illuminated by God do? What do those whose eyes have been opened do? They obey… III.) All who God corrects and instructs with truth obey His commands, so we must seek out and trust in the righteousness of Christ. (7-8) a. [Slide 18] 7 – When the angel who had spoken to him departed, Cornelius called two of his personal servants and a devout soldier from among those who served him, i. Like Aeneas and Tabitha before, Cornelius sets out to obey what has been revealed to him. ii. Aeneas was healed of his paralysis, Tabitha raised from death, but Cornelius was healed of another malady. A malady equally as hopeless. iii. You see for Cornelius though he was a God-Fearer, and though he could potentially achieve proselyte status in the Jewish faith and gain some measure of closeness to Yahweh, the God of Israel. He could never come closer than this. He could never enter the courts of the Jews much less the holy place or the Holy of Holies for that matter. iv. But what has his acts of charity and prayer done? It is a memorial offering. A reminder to him that though God requires all, He is pleased with what Cornelius has done. For he has done it while sincerely seeking Yahweh. v. So God rewards Cornelius by sending an angel, with the truth of the way he could be healed of that relational distance. vi. He has been told that he can come and receive the same gospel message that was given to the Jews. He need not be a proselyte first. Cornelius doesn't need to be circumcised. He doesn't need to become a Jew first. He simply needs the message that Peter will give him. What is that message? Jesus Christ crucified for sinners. 1. Jesus is the funnel. Jesus is the choke point. Jesus is not only the next and final redemptive step in Judaism, but He is also the next and final redemptive step for the Gentile as well. 2. He is the next and final step in the covenants He made with Adam and Eve. a. He is the sacrifice that was killed in their place so that they could be clothed perfectly and completely. b. He is the seed that has crushed the head of the serpent and enlarged the family of God. c. He is the New Adam, our new representative, keeping the covenant of works perfectly. 3. He is the next and final step in the covenant made with Noah. a. He is the ark delivering His people from the world of sin and the judgment that will overwhelm it. b. He is the bow of promise establishing peace between the Father and His people. c. He is bringing the next baptism with the Spirit and with Fire. 4. All the covenants of God, to Jews and Gentiles alike, are funneled down to Jesus. vii. And what does Cornelius do after receiving this command which he is told will be the solution for his malady of relational distance to Yahweh? What does he do when he is told that Peter holds the key for that distance to be erased? He obeys the angel and sends for Peter. b. [Slide 19] 8 - and when he had explained everything to them, he sent them to Joppa. i. It is difficult to know exactly what he tells these two servants and soldier. ii. The text says he had explained everything. iii. It seems as though everything he knew, saw, and believed was given to these men as he sent them to bring Peter. iv. Cornelius not only believed the angel, but wanted his whole house to believe as well. c. [Slide 20] Summary of the Point: We've seen how the devotion and goodness of Cornelius was not enough, that he still lacked true righteousness. We've also seen the faithfulness and compassion of God to reward those who seek Him diligently. And finally, we see the faithful obedience of all whom God reveals truth to… Cornelius was given life changing truth that would free him from his relational distance to God. And that truth would be given to him by Peter the apostle. So, what does Cornelius do when he is told that Peter holds the key for him to be brought into a close and special relationship with Yahweh? He obeys the angel and sends for Peter immediately. My friends, we know the piece that Cornelius was missing. It is Jesus crucified for sinners. So, we too must seek out and trust in the righteousness of Christ. Conclusion: So, CBC, what has the Lord said and how then shall we live? What doctrinal takeaway can we pull from this today? Doctrinal Takeaway: [Slide 21] Men and women can live lives that are devout and pious, being paragons of good among humanity. God is pleased with those who attempt to live out His law and seek to please Him. But mankind's devotion and piety is not enough to satisfy the holy standard of God. So, God in His grace rewards those who diligently seek to please and worship Him. He rewards them by revealing to them how they can be made right with Him. In this we see the tension of mankind's spiritual status as dead and paralyzed juxtaposed against being able to actually, in some way, please God with our meager efforts. Another riddle. The great answer is that God's legal standard is perfection, even if it is pleasing for us to obey Him and seek Him, it will never satisfy the legal requirement of perfection. But that is why God has sent His Son. And that is why God promises to reward those who seek Him. Cornelius was rewarded for faithfully pursuing the God if Israel. How was He rewarded? He was rewarded by God offering Him the next and final step in His redemption. And it was not to make him a Jew first. It was to transfer him directly into the family of the Son. So Cornelius obeyed the Lord and sent for Peter. Jesus is the answer for all men and not just the Jews. All the covenants of God are fulfilled in Him. My friends, although it is true that when we are God's people, we obey Him… our obedience is not what we rely on. Because our obedience will always be imperfect in this life. Instead, we depend on Christ's righteousness. For it is only in Christ that the Lord's legal standard is met. The best we can hope for is God to be pleased with us. With Christ, The Father is well-pleased. So let me improve upon this point in a few ways for us this morning. 1.) [Slide 22] Mind Transformation: “What truth must we believe from this text?” or “What might we not naturally believe that we must believe because of what this text has said?” We must believe that no matter how much righteousness we can muster, it will never satisfy God's perfect standard. a. Cornelius was a man who put many Jews to shame. He devoted himself and his entire household to upholding monotheism and the law of the God of Israel. b. Even though he would never be accepted into the inner relationship to Yahweh, he still served Him and sought Him. c. This is a far cry from the Sadducees who only wanted power with their piety. It is lightyears away from the Pharisees who desired honor from men by their devotion to God. d. Nevertheless, as righteous as he was, Cornelius was still missing something. As pleasing as his actions were to God, he still lacked what Peter would bring. e. From meticulous legalism to liberal sincerity, mankind cannot ever achieve the perfect standard of God. f. As we spoke last week, we are all dead in sin. We are hopeless to heal ourselves. Hopeless to raise ourselves. The Lord must do this work. g. But our problem only begins there. Even though the Lord must raise us from sin death that is only half of our problem. For not only are we dead in sin, but we also dead to righteousness, h. Mankind, my friends, is in quite the pickle. Not only do they not want to please God, but even if they did want to, they couldn't. You see God can't bring us to life and then let us go. For we would simply die in sin again when we fail. i. No. God must unite us to something that will never fail. j. This is what orthodox Christianity teaches. Mankind is doubly damned. Not only are we dead in sin, but God's standard is perfection. You cannot be perfect if you are by nature dead in flaws. k. Like a computer with a hardware problem. Even if you reboot it and debug it… if there is a flaw with the hard drive or the motherboard… it will never function properly. The bad hardware must be replaced. l. Mankind not only needs a reboot, but a hardware replacement as well. 2.) [Slide 23] Refutation: “What lies must we cast down” or “What do we naturally believe, or have been taught to believe, that this passage shows is false?” We must deny that being dead in sin means we are unable to do good. a. Some having misunderstood this teaching have critiqued it by saying, “If mankind is dead in sin, If mankind is not righteous, then why do my Muslim neighbors shovel my driveway out of kindness? Why do my lost family members buy me flowers when I'm down? Why do my unbelieving co-workers pay their taxes and offer sacrificial love to their families?” b. They offer a wise critique to a doctrine no one is teaching. c. No one teaches that because mankind is dead in sin they can do no good thing. No one is teaching that because mankind is enslaved to sin that all they can do is sin. d. What we mean when we say that mankind is totally depraved or totally unable is that man is not able and not willing to spiritually free himself from sin or seek God or be made right with God. e. In the previous example we said that “mankind not only needs a reboot, but a hardware replacement as well.” Now think with me… if we are the computer, can we do that on our own? f. And I know you are thinking – well sometimes my computer reboots on its own. g. Does it? Or did someone program the computer to reboot under certain conditions? h. This is what this doctrine means. Just like a computer, we are not able to reboot ourselves or change our hardware. i. But that doesn't mean that the computer can't do some good things right? It just means that those good things don't fix the problem. j. Cornelius proves this out. He was able to do good things, things that were pleasing to God – but he still needed God to send an angel and an apostle to bring him to Christ. 3.) [Slide 24] De-Exhortation: “What actions should we stop doing” or “What behaviors do we naturally practice that this passage tells us to stop doing?” We must stop relying on our own obedience to perfectly please God. a. No doubt we all sometimes succumb to this erroneous teaching that has bound so many of God's dear children. b. We speak harshly to our wives and hit every red light on the way to work. Immediately we observe, God is punishing me for being harsh. c. We pray for our neighbor and then we inherit a small house form a distant uncle who passed. Apparently, God is pleased with me for praying for my neighbors. d. If I wear this, or go to that movie, or drink that, or say this, God will be most displeased with me. e. Even though there is a certain measure of truth in some of this – God is pleased and displeased by our choices, the thing that is faulty is our reliance on our performance to please God. f. My friends, our performance is not what perfectly pleases God. Why? Because our performance is never perfect. g. The scriptures teach us that there is no condemnation in Christ. The scriptures teach us that although we will be rewarded with crowns for our faithfulness to God – we will cast them all at the feet of Jesus. h. The whole of it my friends is that we can't be more or less pleasing to God because we are in Christ. And with Christ, the Father is well-pleased. i. But we could pendulum swing here couldn't we… 4.) [Slide 25] Exhortation: “What actions should we take?” or “What is this passage specifically commanding us to do that we don't naturally do or aren't currently doing?” We must obey the Lord while trusting that Christ has satisfied God's perfect standard of performance. a. You see my friends, we obey the Lord out of love and thanksgiving. b. We are not trying to please Him more or fear displeasing him. We are obeying His law because we love Him and are thankful that He first loved us. c. We rest in the perfect righteousness of Christ, knowing that we will never lose that perfect standing before our Father. And then in that state of declared righteousness, we imperfectly obey. d. This is the beauty of the gospel. e. We are imperfectly perfect by faith in Christ. f. And it works because He changes our desires. We no longer want to wallow in imperfection. Instead, we long to be like Christ, while knowing that God has made us to be His righteousness. g. What a great God we serve that although His standard is perfection, He has achieved it for us while changing us to continue to desire it. 5.) [Slide 26] Comfort: “What comfort can we find here?” or “What peace does the Lord promise us in light of this passage of scripture?” God will reveal Himself to those who diligently pursue Him. a. Perhaps you left last week with a feeling of despair. b. God must wake up people from spiritual death and paralysis. I get it. But what if someone really really really wants to serve God but God says no to waking them up? c. What if someone really wants to be saved but God never turns the lights on, God never opens the prison cell. God never raises them up. What happens then? d. My friends… God promises that those who diligently seek Him will be rewarded. Those who keep knocking on His door, He won't cast out. He will welcome them in. e. Perhaps that is you today. Perhaps you have desired to be God's child and have been knocking and knocking and still He has not answered. f. Will you give up now? Will you turn away? Where will you go? Who else can save like our God? g. There is no other name under heaven by which men can be saved. He is the Son of God who has the words of life… where else can you go? h. Don't stop knocking my friends. The Lord promises that He will let you in. Let me close with a prayer from the church father Eusebius of Caesarea, fitting since Cornelius was from this city. We give you thanks, our God and Savior, and to you, O Christ, in our own feeble way. You are the supreme providence of the mighty Father, who both saves us from evil and teaches us in the way of truth. I say these things not to praise, but simply to give thanks. Who among us is worthy to give you praise? You called creation into being from nothing. You illuminated it with your light. You regulated the confusion of the elements by your laws of harmony and order. More than that, we recognize your lovingkindness. You caused those whose hearts inclined toward you to sincerely seek a divine and blessed life. You've allowed us to pass along what we've received from you, like merchants of wisdom and true blessings. We reap the everlasting fruit of your goodness. Freed from the net of sin, and permeated with a love for others, mercy is always our point of view. We hope for the promise of faith, and we are devoted to modest living – all the virtues we had once thrown aside, but are now restored by you whose generous care is over all. In Jesus name we pray… Amen. May the God who did not spare His own Son, But sent Him to gladly bear our burden on the cross, Remind you always of these things, though you Know them and are firmly established in the truth, Until you arrive to a full measure of glory. Until we meet again… Go in peace.

Istrouma Baptist Church (BR) Mar 10, 2024 ========== March 10 | Acts Welcome! We're glad you've joined us today for our Sunday morning worship service! For more information about Istrouma, go to istrouma.org or contact us at info@istrouma.org. We glorify God by making disciples of all nations. ========== Connection Card https://istrouma.org/myinfo March 10, 2024 Tim Keith ‭‭Acts‬ ‭6‬:‭1‬-‭15‬‬ In those days, as the disciples were increasing in number, there arose a complaint by the Hellenistic Jews against the Hebraic Jews that their widows were being overlooked in the daily distribution. The Twelve summoned the whole company of the disciples and said, “It would not be right for us to give up preaching the word of God to wait on tables. Brothers and sisters, select from among you seven men of good reputation, full of the Spirit and wisdom, whom we can appoint to this duty. But we will devote ourselves to prayer and to the ministry of the word.” This proposal pleased the whole company. So they chose Stephen, a man full of faith and the Holy Spirit, and Philip, Prochorus, Nicanor, Timon, Parmenas, and Nicolaus, a convert from Antioch. They had them stand before the apostles, who prayed and laid their hands on them. So the word of God spread, the disciples in Jerusalem increased greatly in number, and a large group of priests became obedient to the faith. Now Stephen, full of grace and power, was performing great wonders and signs among the people. Opposition arose, however, from some members of the Freedmen's Synagogue, composed of both Cyrenians and Alexandrians, and some from Cilicia and Asia, and they began to argue with Stephen. But they were unable to stand up against his wisdom and the Spirit by whom he was speaking. Then they secretly persuaded some men to say, “We heard him speaking blasphemous words against Moses and God.” They stirred up the people, the elders, and the scribes; so they came, seized him, and took him to the Sanhedrin. They also presented false witnesses who said, “This man never stops speaking against this holy place and the law. For we heard him say that this Jesus of Nazareth will destroy this place and change the customs that Moses handed down to us.” And all who were sitting in the Sanhedrin looked intently at him and saw that his face was like the face of an angel. ‭‭Acts‬ ‭7‬:‭51‬-‭60‬‬ “You stiff-necked people with uncircumcised hearts and ears! You are always resisting the Holy Spirit. As your ancestors did, you do also. Which of the prophets did your ancestors not persecute? They even killed those who foretold the coming of the Righteous One, whose betrayers and murderers you have now become. You received the law under the direction of angels and yet have not kept it.” When they heard these things, they were enraged and gnashed their teeth at him. Stephen, full of the Holy Spirit, gazed into heaven. He saw the glory of God, and Jesus standing at the right hand of God. He said, “Look, I see the heavens opened and the Son of Man standing at the right hand of God!” They yelled at the top of their voices, covered their ears, and together rushed against him. They dragged him out of the city and began to stone him. And the witnesses laid their garments at the feet of a young man named Saul. While they were stoning Stephen, he called out, “Lord Jesus, receive my spirit!” He knelt down and cried out with a loud voice, “Lord, do not hold this sin against them!” And after saying this, he fell asleep. ‭‭Acts‬ ‭8‬:‭1‬‬ Saul agreed with putting him to death. On that day a severe persecution broke out against the church in Jerusalem, and all except the apostles were scattered throughout the land of Judea and Samaria. ‭‭Acts‬ ‭7‬:‭59‬‬ While they were stoning Stephen, he called out, “Lord Jesus, receive my spirit!” ‭‭Matthew‬ ‭5‬:‭10‬-‭12‬‬ Blessed are those who are persecuted because of righteousness, for the kingdom of heaven is theirs. “You are blessed when they insult you and persecute you and falsely say every kind of evil against you because of me. Be glad and rejoice, because your reward is great in heaven. For that is how they persecuted the prophets who were before you. Faith to Overcome Suffering ‭‭Acts‬ ‭7‬:‭60‬‬ He knelt down and cried out with a loud voice, “Lord, do not hold this sin against them!” And after saying this, he fell asleep. Forever to Overcome Saul ‭‭Acts‬ ‭7‬:‭60‬‬ He knelt down and cried out with a loud voice, “Lord, do not hold this sin against them!” And after saying this, he fell asleep. ‭‭Acts‬ ‭8‬:‭1‬‬ Saul agreed with putting him to death. On that day a severe persecution broke out against the church in Jerusalem, and all except the apostles were scattered throughout the land of Judea and Samaria. ‭‭Acts‬ ‭22‬:‭19‬-‭20‬‬ “But I said, ‘Lord, they know that in synagogue after synagogue I had those who believed in you imprisoned and beaten. And when the blood of your witness Stephen was being shed, I stood there giving approval and guarding the clothes of those who killed him.' ‭‭Luke‬ ‭19‬:‭10‬‬ For the Son of Man has come to seek and to save the lost.” Want to receive weekly announcements in your inbox each week? https://istrouma.org/email Give Online Text ISTROUMA IBC to 73256 or go to: https://istrouma.org/give Our Website https://istrouma.org

Title: Imperfect Perfection Text: Acts 10:1-8 FCF: We often struggle with the tension of works and faith. Prop: Because Christ is well-pleasing to God, we can live in imperfect obedience and be counted righteous by faith in Christ, so we must seek out and trust in the righteousness of Christ. Scripture Intro: [Slide 1] Turn in your bible to Acts chapter 10. In a moment I'll be reading starting in verse 1 from the NET which you can follow in the pew bible on page 1242 or in whatever version you prefer. Chapter 10 of the book of Acts represents a rather pivotal point in the expansion of the gospel of Jesus. In keeping with its significance, this next narrative episode is quite lengthy. From start to finish it encompasses a chapter and a half, 66 verses. That is the longest narrative episode we've seen yet in the book of Acts. Because it is so long it is difficult to know exactly where to break it up. At first, I had verses 1-23. Then I narrowed it down to 1-20. Then I went 1-16. I finally settled for 1-8. In this way I hope to build each detail of the narrative, one block at a time, as Luke does. The narrative as a whole is somewhat of a puzzle. We have several pieces handed to us, but until they are assembled, we won't see the full picture. So, let's begin with the first detail of the story… lets start with a man from Caesarea named Cornelius. Please stand with me to focus on and show respect for The Word of God. Transition: [Slide 2] Has this ever happened to you. You are standing in the line at the grocery store. It is a very busy day. Snow's coming tomorrow so people are out in droves to make sure they have their bread milk and toilet paper. You are waiting and waiting, the line is moving slowly. Finally, you are getting close to the front. The magazines in the rack distract you… ok being honest it is the candy in the line that is distracting. All of a sudden you hear those wonderful words… “I can help you in line 3. You look up hoping to meet the gaze of the cashier only to find that this cashier had said this to the person who literally just got in line. Makes you a little hot right? Like, HEY! I've been here this whole time. What would justice be? Would it be that they have to wait the same amount you do, or more? We all kinda feel this way about short cuts don't we. But Jesus taught a parable of men being hired for work at various times of the day and still getting paid the same amount. The employer couldn't be accused of being stingy because he paid everyone a day's wage. But to the one who worked less, it seemed like he got more. Jesus' point was that it was the employer's prerogative to be generous in the way He wished to be generous. Today, we will see the abundant graciousness and generosity of our Lord to offer the Jewish Messiah to a gentile. Let's look at verse 1. I.) No matter how good man is perceived to be, he is not good enough by God's standards, so we must seek out and trust in the righteousness of Christ. (1-2) a. [Slide 3] 1 – Now there was a man in Caesarea i. [Slide 4] Caesarea as we can see on our map, is the furthest Northwest that the gospel has ever gone in the book of Acts. ii. Damascus represents the furthest northeast. iii. Caesarea is almost at the furthest north border of Samaria. iv. In short, the gospel is spreading far and wide throughout all of Judea and Samaria. It doesn't appear to be slowing down anytime soon. b. [Slide 5] named Cornelius, a centurion of what was known as the Italian Cohort. i. Cornelius is a Latin name meaning Of the horn. Cornucopia means horn of plenty. ii. Having a Latin name is not the only indication that this man is a gentile. iii. He is also a centurion. Meaning he is the leader of about 100 men within the Roman army. iv. He was also part of a larger Italian division of the Roman army called a Legion or a Cohort. v. A legion or Cohort consisted of 600 men. Meaning that Cornelius was no doubt one of 6 military leaders within this particular division of the military. vi. All this establishes Cornelius not only as a gentile but also a prominent one at that. vii. The question arises, if this man was in the Italian Cohort, why was he in Caesarea? viii. Caesarea is a highly valued port city on the Mediterranean and it would not be unthinkable for the Roman Emperor to keep a Legion station here. Especially in the wake of the political upheaval of Caligula becoming emperor and Herod Antipas being exiled around this time. ix. It would actually make a great deal of sense to have extra troops in the area just in case something happens. x. But there is more to this man than simply his prominence and his nationality. c. [Slide 6] 2 - He was a devout, God-fearing man, as was all his household; i. What does Luke mean that he was a devout God-fearing man? ii. In some ways this could be a simple description of Cornelius' affiliation with the Jewish faith. However, Luke hasn't shied away from using the term proselyte. In Luke 6 he mentioned Nicholas who was a Gentile proselyte now converted to Christ. iii. So, what exactly is Cornelius? Is he a proselyte or something else? iv. [Slide 7] To answer this question, we must look back among the first century historical and archeological records to understand a hierarchy that existed within the Jewish faith. 1. First there were Hebraic Jews. These were Jews who refused to allow Greek influence to spread among them. They continued to speak Hebrew or at least Aramaic. They did not assimilate into Greek traditions and heritages. They attended all the feasts and festivals and made sacrifices in the temple. 2. Second there were Hellenistic Jews. These were Jews who had succumbed to Greek influence in some way or another. Though still devout and Jewish, they had lost the ability to speak Hebrew and possibly even Aramaic. They, in some cases, had allowed Greek thought and culture to influence other aspects of their lives. They still attended feasts and festivals and made sacrifices in the temple. 3. Third there would be gentile proselytes. These would be gentiles who converted to Judaism and submitted themselves fully to the religious, ritualistic, and legal practices of the Jews. They would endure circumcision and offer whatever sacrifices they were permitted to offer though they would not be permitted in the inner courts of the temple. 4. Fourth there would be what would be known as God-Fearers. This is specifically a group of gentiles that are favorable to Jewish culture and faith and perhaps even in the process of becoming a proselyte, but are not yet truly converted. They were not circumcised. They did not necessarily attend the festivals and feasts, and they did not offer sacrifices at the temple. They would adopt monotheism and attempt to keep the 10 commandments in their lives. 5. Finally, would be, essentially, everyone else. The pagans and polytheists. These are the furthest away from God, since they worship false gods and not the one true God. v. [Slide 8] Cornelius then, is a God-Fearer. He is not quite a proselyte but is sympathetic to Jewish culture and faith. vi. Why is this significant? 1. This is the first time in the book of Acts so far that a non-Jew by blood and by religion becomes the focal point of the story. 2. Second, we've seen Luke's story arch up to this point and it is reasonable to conclude even if we've never read the rest of this narrative, that the gospel circle is widening yet again. 3. Will the gospel go to gentiles not fully assimilated into Judaism? If so, do they need to be Jews first? We'll have to see. vii. We also see that his whole household were also God-Fearers. Now what does this mean? 1. A household is the basic unit of social structure. But it differed from our household structure we have today. 2. Ignoring for the moment the fracturing of the modern household; even in the ideal with Father, Mother, children this would represent a much smaller sphere than 1st century households. 3. A household in the first century could include a much wider spectrum of kinship. There could also be servants and slaves included in the term household. 4. In short, a household could include anyone who lived in the home and met in the home as family. 5. And so, as we might expect, everyone in Cornelius' house were God-Fearers also. We get the impression that he led the effort for this to be so. Most likely he was the patriarch and priest of his family. viii. How else did he lead? d. [Slide 9] he did many acts of charity for the people and prayed to God regularly. i. Alms giving and prayer have long been a standard measure for the truly pious. ii. As such the Pharisees were critiqued for their show of contributing large sums of money and long public prayers in order to seem very devout and pious. iii. Alms giving and prayer are two of the five pillars of the Islamic Faith. iv. Alms giving and prayer are sometimes a means of restitution in the Catholic Church. v. And even in the 1st century, Roman and Greek philosophers idealized acts of charity and devoted prayer to deities. vi. In short, giving charity to those who are less fortunate and praying regularly have always been associated with those who are devout and pious people. Whether it is true or not. And regardless of religion. You at least appear to be pious when you give alms and are consistently praying. vii. We ought also to see the correlation between Tabitha and Cornelius. Tabitha was a disciple of Christ who gave charitably too. We are not told that she prayed often, but it is reasonable to conclude she did. viii. On the surface then, we are given a man who has everything right, but he is missing one piece of the puzzle. But here is a hint. The piece of the puzzle he is missing isn't that he hasn't yet become a Jewish proselyte. e. [Slide 10] Summary of the Point: As wonderful of a man as Cornelius was, admired by men, prominent, a leader, a manager of a house, and pious to boot, he was still not good enough. He still lacked something. No doubt everyone admired and respected a man like Cornelius. And even though he wasn't quite Jewish, we will see later he is highly respected by the Jews. The core truth we see in this first point is that a man can be judged to be a good man by all of society and still be short of the standard of God. For God does not require a good man. He requires a perfect man. Jesus died for sinners… even those whom our society labels as saints. So, we must not rest on our laurels and our own self-righteousness, for it will never be good enough. But we must seek out and trust in the righteousness of Christ. Transition: [Slide 11 (blank)] But we have made some logical leaps here. Is God not pleased at all by Cornelius' lifestyle? And how do we know Cornelius lacks Jesus? Well, God sends this man an angel. Let's see what the angel says. II.) God is pleased with and graciously corrects those who sincerely worship Him, so we must seek out and trust in the righteousness of Christ. (3-6) a. [Slide 12] 3 – About three o'clock one afternoon he saw clearly in a vision an angel of God, who came in and said to him, “Cornelius.” i. At 3 in the afternoon, it would be a traditional time for sacrifices and prayers to be offered up at the temple. ii. It was at this time that Cornelius, who was probably entering again into prayer, saw a waking vision. iii. A vision is something that appears clearly, vividly, and credibly in the mind but is not actually present. iv. An angel appears to him in this vision and calls to him. v. Like Jesus to Saul before him, this angel identifies Cornelius by name. b. [Slide 13] 4 – Staring at him and becoming greatly afraid, Cornelius replied, “What is it, Lord?” i. Cornelius had never seen anything like this before. ii. Like every person who encounters an angel of God, he becomes sorely afraid. iii. Cornelius responds to this angel's call by using almost the same words Saul used when he was met by Christ. iv. Saul asked, who are you, Lord? And Cornelius says, “What is it, Lord?” v. What does this mean? vi. It is difficult to know whether Cornelius has assumed that he was seeing God Himself or whether he is using this term “lord” in its less theologically charged meaning, “Sir.” vii. Even if he did mistake this angel for God, would you blame him? viii. Regardless of what Cornelius meant, the angel makes it plain that he is not God but bears God's message to him. c. [Slide 14] The angel said to him, “Your prayers and your acts of charity have gone up as a memorial before God. i. The angel indicates clearly that he is not God, but informs him that his prayers and charity have gone up before God. ii. What does it mean that his prayers and offerings have “Gone up before God?“ iii. And what is meant by it being a memorial or as other translations have it a “memorial offering?” iv. In the book of Leviticus, in several sacrifices the priests are instructed to take a handful of the offering and burn it on the altar before the Lord. The rest of the offering would be used by the priests. v. These are called memorial offerings because the one who gives the offering and the one burning the offering are all reminded that though God deserves all of the offering, he is pleased with a small portion. vi. How appropriate for the angel messenger to convey this to Cornelius. vii. Cornelius is, after all, not circumcised. He does not go to the temple for sacrifices. He meets in synagogues to learn of the Jewish faith and practice, and attempts to live accordingly, but is not Jewish. viii. Yet Yahweh, The God of Israel, through His angel, tells Cornelius that his charity and prayers have amounted to a memorial sacrifice. They have pleased God. ix. Though he has never sacrificed in the temple, his charity and prayers have been his offering. x. And his offering has pleased God. xi. So, is he good? Is Cornelius saved? Is that enough? Did he earn his salvation by an offering? xii. No. The angel had more to say. d. [Slide 15] Now send men to Joppa and summon a man named Simon, who is called Peter. 6 This man is staying as a guest with a man named Simon, a tanner, whose house is by the sea.” i. The angel communicates another message to Cornelius that, at first, appears to be separate from the first. ii. However, they are related. iii. He tells him to send men to fetch Peter and tells him where Peter is staying. iv. But we all know the reason for this. v. And later we find out that the angel told Cornelius not only that Peter needed to come to see him, but that he had a message to give to him. A message of salvation. For him, and his household. vi. It is almost as if God is telling Cornelius, “Remember, though you stand a far way off, you have gotten the important part of Judaism. You have gotten enough of Judaism to be ready for the next step in Judaism. Now Peter will come and show you what you lack.” vii. Is God giving Cornelius a shortcut? Is God saying… I desire obedience and not sacrifices? e. [Slide 16] Summary of the Point: And so, in this point, although those who are perceived as good and devout men are still not good enough, God is good and gracious to those who diligently seek Him. Though Cornelius had just enough truth and just enough good works to condemn him to hell, God rewards those who are pursuing Him. In many ways, Cornelius was probably more devout than most Jews of his day, because his motives were pure. He sincerely sought the Lord. God is pleased with those who, even imperfectly, sincerely worship Him. And God is sure to lead such people to what they lack. So, we must not be satisfied with our broken attempts to please God, even if He is pleased by our sincerity. Instead, we must seek out and trust in the righteousness of Christ. For it is in Jesus that the Lord has said, “This is my beloved Son in whom I am well-pleased.” Transition: [Slide 17(blank)] God rewards Cornelius' diligent seeking by revealing his need. He needs to call on Peter. Peter needs to come and give him and his household a message. So, what do those who have been illuminated by God do? What do those whose eyes have been opened do? They obey… III.) All who God corrects and instructs with truth obey His commands, so we must seek out and trust in the righteousness of Christ. (7-8) a. [Slide 18] 7 – When the angel who had spoken to him departed, Cornelius called two of his personal servants and a devout soldier from among those who served him, i. Like Aeneas and Tabitha before, Cornelius sets out to obey what has been revealed to him. ii. Aeneas was healed of his paralysis, Tabitha raised from death, but Cornelius was healed of another malady. A malady equally as hopeless. iii. You see for Cornelius though he was a God-Fearer, and though he could potentially achieve proselyte status in the Jewish faith and gain some measure of closeness to Yahweh, the God of Israel. He could never come closer than this. He could never enter the courts of the Jews much less the holy place or the Holy of Holies for that matter. iv. But what has his acts of charity and prayer done? It is a memorial offering. A reminder to him that though God requires all, He is pleased with what Cornelius has done. For he has done it while sincerely seeking Yahweh. v. So God rewards Cornelius by sending an angel, with the truth of the way he could be healed of that relational distance. vi. He has been told that he can come and receive the same gospel message that was given to the Jews. He need not be a proselyte first. Cornelius doesn't need to be circumcised. He doesn't need to become a Jew first. He simply needs the message that Peter will give him. What is that message? Jesus Christ crucified for sinners. 1. Jesus is the funnel. Jesus is the choke point. Jesus is not only the next and final redemptive step in Judaism, but He is also the next and final redemptive step for the Gentile as well. 2. He is the next and final step in the covenants He made with Adam and Eve. a. He is the sacrifice that was killed in their place so that they could be clothed perfectly and completely. b. He is the seed that has crushed the head of the serpent and enlarged the family of God. c. He is the New Adam, our new representative, keeping the covenant of works perfectly. 3. He is the next and final step in the covenant made with Noah. a. He is the ark delivering His people from the world of sin and the judgment that will overwhelm it. b. He is the bow of promise establishing peace between the Father and His people. c. He is bringing the next baptism with the Spirit and with Fire. 4. All the covenants of God, to Jews and Gentiles alike, are funneled down to Jesus. vii. And what does Cornelius do after receiving this command which he is told will be the solution for his malady of relational distance to Yahweh? What does he do when he is told that Peter holds the key for that distance to be erased? He obeys the angel and sends for Peter. b. [Slide 19] 8 - and when he had explained everything to them, he sent them to Joppa. i. It is difficult to know exactly what he tells these two servants and soldier. ii. The text says he had explained everything. iii. It seems as though everything he knew, saw, and believed was given to these men as he sent them to bring Peter. iv. Cornelius not only believed the angel, but wanted his whole house to believe as well. c. [Slide 20] Summary of the Point: We've seen how the devotion and goodness of Cornelius was not enough, that he still lacked true righteousness. We've also seen the faithfulness and compassion of God to reward those who seek Him diligently. And finally, we see the faithful obedience of all whom God reveals truth to… Cornelius was given life changing truth that would free him from his relational distance to God. And that truth would be given to him by Peter the apostle. So, what does Cornelius do when he is told that Peter holds the key for him to be brought into a close and special relationship with Yahweh? He obeys the angel and sends for Peter immediately. My friends, we know the piece that Cornelius was missing. It is Jesus crucified for sinners. So, we too must seek out and trust in the righteousness of Christ. Conclusion: So, CBC, what has the Lord said and how then shall we live? What doctrinal takeaway can we pull from this today? Doctrinal Takeaway: [Slide 21] Men and women can live lives that are devout and pious, being paragons of good among humanity. God is pleased with those who attempt to live out His law and seek to please Him. But mankind's devotion and piety is not enough to satisfy the holy standard of God. So, God in His grace rewards those who diligently seek to please and worship Him. He rewards them by revealing to them how they can be made right with Him. In this we see the tension of mankind's spiritual status as dead and paralyzed juxtaposed against being able to actually, in some way, please God with our meager efforts. Another riddle. The great answer is that God's legal standard is perfection, even if it is pleasing for us to obey Him and seek Him, it will never satisfy the legal requirement of perfection. But that is why God has sent His Son. And that is why God promises to reward those who seek Him. Cornelius was rewarded for faithfully pursuing the God if Israel. How was He rewarded? He was rewarded by God offering Him the next and final step in His redemption. And it was not to make him a Jew first. It was to transfer him directly into the family of the Son. So Cornelius obeyed the Lord and sent for Peter. Jesus is the answer for all men and not just the Jews. All the covenants of God are fulfilled in Him. My friends, although it is true that when we are God's people, we obey Him… our obedience is not what we rely on. Because our obedience will always be imperfect in this life. Instead, we depend on Christ's righteousness. For it is only in Christ that the Lord's legal standard is met. The best we can hope for is God to be pleased with us. With Christ, The Father is well-pleased. So let me improve upon this point in a few ways for us this morning. 1.) [Slide 22] Mind Transformation: “What truth must we believe from this text?” or “What might we not naturally believe that we must believe because of what this text has said?” We must believe that no matter how much righteousness we can muster, it will never satisfy God's perfect standard. a. Cornelius was a man who put many Jews to shame. He devoted himself and his entire household to upholding monotheism and the law of the God of Israel. b. Even though he would never be accepted into the inner relationship to Yahweh, he still served Him and sought Him. c. This is a far cry from the Sadducees who only wanted power with their piety. It is lightyears away from the Pharisees who desired honor from men by their devotion to God. d. Nevertheless, as righteous as he was, Cornelius was still missing something. As pleasing as his actions were to God, he still lacked what Peter would bring. e. From meticulous legalism to liberal sincerity, mankind cannot ever achieve the perfect standard of God. f. As we spoke last week, we are all dead in sin. We are hopeless to heal ourselves. Hopeless to raise ourselves. The Lord must do this work. g. But our problem only begins there. Even though the Lord must raise us from sin death that is only half of our problem. For not only are we dead in sin, but we also dead to righteousness, h. Mankind, my friends, is in quite the pickle. Not only do they not want to please God, but even if they did want to, they couldn't. You see God can't bring us to life and then let us go. For we would simply die in sin again when we fail. i. No. God must unite us to something that will never fail. j. This is what orthodox Christianity teaches. Mankind is doubly damned. Not only are we dead in sin, but God's standard is perfection. You cannot be perfect if you are by nature dead in flaws. k. Like a computer with a hardware problem. Even if you reboot it and debug it… if there is a flaw with the hard drive or the motherboard… it will never function properly. The bad hardware must be replaced. l. Mankind not only needs a reboot, but a hardware replacement as well. 2.) [Slide 23] Refutation: “What lies must we cast down” or “What do we naturally believe, or have been taught to believe, that this passage shows is false?” We must deny that being dead in sin means we are unable to do good. a. Some having misunderstood this teaching have critiqued it by saying, “If mankind is dead in sin, If mankind is not righteous, then why do my Muslim neighbors shovel my driveway out of kindness? Why do my lost family members buy me flowers when I'm down? Why do my unbelieving co-workers pay their taxes and offer sacrificial love to their families?” b. They offer a wise critique to a doctrine no one is teaching. c. No one teaches that because mankind is dead in sin they can do no good thing. No one is teaching that because mankind is enslaved to sin that all they can do is sin. d. What we mean when we say that mankind is totally depraved or totally unable is that man is not able and not willing to spiritually free himself from sin or seek God or be made right with God. e. In the previous example we said that “mankind not only needs a reboot, but a hardware replacement as well.” Now think with me… if we are the computer, can we do that on our own? f. And I know you are thinking – well sometimes my computer reboots on its own. g. Does it? Or did someone program the computer to reboot under certain conditions? h. This is what this doctrine means. Just like a computer, we are not able to reboot ourselves or change our hardware. i. But that doesn't mean that the computer can't do some good things right? It just means that those good things don't fix the problem. j. Cornelius proves this out. He was able to do good things, things that were pleasing to God – but he still needed God to send an angel and an apostle to bring him to Christ. 3.) [Slide 24] De-Exhortation: “What actions should we stop doing” or “What behaviors do we naturally practice that this passage tells us to stop doing?” We must stop relying on our own obedience to perfectly please God. a. No doubt we all sometimes succumb to this erroneous teaching that has bound so many of God's dear children. b. We speak harshly to our wives and hit every red light on the way to work. Immediately we observe, God is punishing me for being harsh. c. We pray for our neighbor and then we inherit a small house form a distant uncle who passed. Apparently, God is pleased with me for praying for my neighbors. d. If I wear this, or go to that movie, or drink that, or say this, God will be most displeased with me. e. Even though there is a certain measure of truth in some of this – God is pleased and displeased by our choices, the thing that is faulty is our reliance on our performance to please God. f. My friends, our performance is not what perfectly pleases God. Why? Because our performance is never perfect. g. The scriptures teach us that there is no condemnation in Christ. The scriptures teach us that although we will be rewarded with crowns for our faithfulness to God – we will cast them all at the feet of Jesus. h. The whole of it my friends is that we can't be more or less pleasing to God because we are in Christ. And with Christ, the Father is well-pleased. i. But we could pendulum swing here couldn't we… 4.) [Slide 25] Exhortation: “What actions should we take?” or “What is this passage specifically commanding us to do that we don't naturally do or aren't currently doing?” We must obey the Lord while trusting that Christ has satisfied God's perfect standard of performance. a. You see my friends, we obey the Lord out of love and thanksgiving. b. We are not trying to please Him more or fear displeasing him. We are obeying His law because we love Him and are thankful that He first loved us. c. We rest in the perfect righteousness of Christ, knowing that we will never lose that perfect standing before our Father. And then in that state of declared righteousness, we imperfectly obey. d. This is the beauty of the gospel. e. We are imperfectly perfect by faith in Christ. f. And it works because He changes our desires. We no longer want to wallow in imperfection. Instead, we long to be like Christ, while knowing that God has made us to be His righteousness. g. What a great God we serve that although His standard is perfection, He has achieved it for us while changing us to continue to desire it. 5.) [Slide 26] Comfort: “What comfort can we find here?” or “What peace does the Lord promise us in light of this passage of scripture?” God will reveal Himself to those who diligently pursue Him. a. Perhaps you left last week with a feeling of despair. b. God must wake up people from spiritual death and paralysis. I get it. But what if someone really really really wants to serve God but God says no to waking them up? c. What if someone really wants to be saved but God never turns the lights on, God never opens the prison cell. God never raises them up. What happens then? d. My friends… God promises that those who diligently seek Him will be rewarded. Those who keep knocking on His door, He won't cast out. He will welcome them in. e. Perhaps that is you today. Perhaps you have desired to be God's child and have been knocking and knocking and still He has not answered. f. Will you give up now? Will you turn away? Where will you go? Who else can save like our God? g. There is no other name under heaven by which men can be saved. He is the Son of God who has the words of life… where else can you go? h. Don't stop knocking my friends. The Lord promises that He will let you in. Let me close with a prayer from the church father Eusebius of Caesarea, fitting since Cornelius was from this city. We give you thanks, our God and Savior, and to you, O Christ, in our own feeble way. You are the supreme providence of the mighty Father, who both saves us from evil and teaches us in the way of truth. I say these things not to praise, but simply to give thanks. Who among us is worthy to give you praise? You called creation into being from nothing. You illuminated it with your light. You regulated the confusion of the elements by your laws of harmony and order. More than that, we recognize your lovingkindness. You caused those whose hearts inclined toward you to sincerely seek a divine and blessed life. You've allowed us to pass along what we've received from you, like merchants of wisdom and true blessings. We reap the everlasting fruit of your goodness. Freed from the net of sin, and permeated with a love for others, mercy is always our point of view. We hope for the promise of faith, and we are devoted to modest living – all the virtues we had once thrown aside, but are now restored by you whose generous care is over all. In Jesus name we pray… Amen. May the God who did not spare His own Son, But sent Him to gladly bear our burden on the cross, Remind you always of these things, though you Know them and are firmly established in the truth, Until you arrive to a full measure of glory. Until we meet again… Go in peace.

Title: Imperfect Perfection Text: Acts 10:1-8 FCF: We often struggle with the tension of works and faith. Prop: Because Christ is well-pleasing to God, we can live in imperfect obedience and be counted righteous by faith in Christ, so we must seek out and trust in the righteousness of Christ. Scripture Intro: [Slide 1] Turn in your bible to Acts chapter 10. In a moment I'll be reading starting in verse 1 from the NET which you can follow in the pew bible on page 1242 or in whatever version you prefer. Chapter 10 of the book of Acts represents a rather pivotal point in the expansion of the gospel of Jesus. In keeping with its significance, this next narrative episode is quite lengthy. From start to finish it encompasses a chapter and a half, 66 verses. That is the longest narrative episode we've seen yet in the book of Acts. Because it is so long it is difficult to know exactly where to break it up. At first, I had verses 1-23. Then I narrowed it down to 1-20. Then I went 1-16. I finally settled for 1-8. In this way I hope to build each detail of the narrative, one block at a time, as Luke does. The narrative as a whole is somewhat of a puzzle. We have several pieces handed to us, but until they are assembled, we won't see the full picture. So, let's begin with the first detail of the story… lets start with a man from Caesarea named Cornelius. Please stand with me to focus on and show respect for The Word of God. Transition: [Slide 2] Has this ever happened to you. You are standing in the line at the grocery store. It is a very busy day. Snow's coming tomorrow so people are out in droves to make sure they have their bread milk and toilet paper. You are waiting and waiting, the line is moving slowly. Finally, you are getting close to the front. The magazines in the rack distract you… ok being honest it is the candy in the line that is distracting. All of a sudden you hear those wonderful words… “I can help you in line 3. You look up hoping to meet the gaze of the cashier only to find that this cashier had said this to the person who literally just got in line. Makes you a little hot right? Like, HEY! I've been here this whole time. What would justice be? Would it be that they have to wait the same amount you do, or more? We all kinda feel this way about short cuts don't we. But Jesus taught a parable of men being hired for work at various times of the day and still getting paid the same amount. The employer couldn't be accused of being stingy because he paid everyone a day's wage. But to the one who worked less, it seemed like he got more. Jesus' point was that it was the employer's prerogative to be generous in the way He wished to be generous. Today, we will see the abundant graciousness and generosity of our Lord to offer the Jewish Messiah to a gentile. Let's look at verse 1. I.) No matter how good man is perceived to be, he is not good enough by God's standards, so we must seek out and trust in the righteousness of Christ. (1-2) a. [Slide 3] 1 – Now there was a man in Caesarea i. [Slide 4] Caesarea as we can see on our map, is the furthest Northwest that the gospel has ever gone in the book of Acts. ii. Damascus represents the furthest northeast. iii. Caesarea is almost at the furthest north border of Samaria. iv. In short, the gospel is spreading far and wide throughout all of Judea and Samaria. It doesn't appear to be slowing down anytime soon. b. [Slide 5] named Cornelius, a centurion of what was known as the Italian Cohort. i. Cornelius is a Latin name meaning Of the horn. Cornucopia means horn of plenty. ii. Having a Latin name is not the only indication that this man is a gentile. iii. He is also a centurion. Meaning he is the leader of about 100 men within the Roman army. iv. He was also part of a larger Italian division of the Roman army called a Legion or a Cohort. v. A legion or Cohort consisted of 600 men. Meaning that Cornelius was no doubt one of 6 military leaders within this particular division of the military. vi. All this establishes Cornelius not only as a gentile but also a prominent one at that. vii. The question arises, if this man was in the Italian Cohort, why was he in Caesarea? viii. Caesarea is a highly valued port city on the Mediterranean and it would not be unthinkable for the Roman Emperor to keep a Legion station here. Especially in the wake of the political upheaval of Caligula becoming emperor and Herod Antipas being exiled around this time. ix. It would actually make a great deal of sense to have extra troops in the area just in case something happens. x. But there is more to this man than simply his prominence and his nationality. c. [Slide 6] 2 - He was a devout, God-fearing man, as was all his household; i. What does Luke mean that he was a devout God-fearing man? ii. In some ways this could be a simple description of Cornelius' affiliation with the Jewish faith. However, Luke hasn't shied away from using the term proselyte. In Luke 6 he mentioned Nicholas who was a Gentile proselyte now converted to Christ. iii. So, what exactly is Cornelius? Is he a proselyte or something else? iv. [Slide 7] To answer this question, we must look back among the first century historical and archeological records to understand a hierarchy that existed within the Jewish faith. 1. First there were Hebraic Jews. These were Jews who refused to allow Greek influence to spread among them. They continued to speak Hebrew or at least Aramaic. They did not assimilate into Greek traditions and heritages. They attended all the feasts and festivals and made sacrifices in the temple. 2. Second there were Hellenistic Jews. These were Jews who had succumbed to Greek influence in some way or another. Though still devout and Jewish, they had lost the ability to speak Hebrew and possibly even Aramaic. They, in some cases, had allowed Greek thought and culture to influence other aspects of their lives. They still attended feasts and festivals and made sacrifices in the temple. 3. Third there would be gentile proselytes. These would be gentiles who converted to Judaism and submitted themselves fully to the religious, ritualistic, and legal practices of the Jews. They would endure circumcision and offer whatever sacrifices they were permitted to offer though they would not be permitted in the inner courts of the temple. 4. Fourth there would be what would be known as God-Fearers. This is specifically a group of gentiles that are favorable to Jewish culture and faith and perhaps even in the process of becoming a proselyte, but are not yet truly converted. They were not circumcised. They did not necessarily attend the festivals and feasts, and they did not offer sacrifices at the temple. They would adopt monotheism and attempt to keep the 10 commandments in their lives. 5. Finally, would be, essentially, everyone else. The pagans and polytheists. These are the furthest away from God, since they worship false gods and not the one true God. v. [Slide 8] Cornelius then, is a God-Fearer. He is not quite a proselyte but is sympathetic to Jewish culture and faith. vi. Why is this significant? 1. This is the first time in the book of Acts so far that a non-Jew by blood and by religion becomes the focal point of the story. 2. Second, we've seen Luke's story arch up to this point and it is reasonable to conclude even if we've never read the rest of this narrative, that the gospel circle is widening yet again. 3. Will the gospel go to gentiles not fully assimilated into Judaism? If so, do they need to be Jews first? We'll have to see. vii. We also see that his whole household were also God-Fearers. Now what does this mean? 1. A household is the basic unit of social structure. But it differed from our household structure we have today. 2. Ignoring for the moment the fracturing of the modern household; even in the ideal with Father, Mother, children this would represent a much smaller sphere than 1st century households. 3. A household in the first century could include a much wider spectrum of kinship. There could also be servants and slaves included in the term household. 4. In short, a household could include anyone who lived in the home and met in the home as family. 5. And so, as we might expect, everyone in Cornelius' house were God-Fearers also. We get the impression that he led the effort for this to be so. Most likely he was the patriarch and priest of his family. viii. How else did he lead? d. [Slide 9] he did many acts of charity for the people and prayed to God regularly. i. Alms giving and prayer have long been a standard measure for the truly pious. ii. As such the Pharisees were critiqued for their show of contributing large sums of money and long public prayers in order to seem very devout and pious. iii. Alms giving and prayer are two of the five pillars of the Islamic Faith. iv. Alms giving and prayer are sometimes a means of restitution in the Catholic Church. v. And even in the 1st century, Roman and Greek philosophers idealized acts of charity and devoted prayer to deities. vi. In short, giving charity to those who are less fortunate and praying regularly have always been associated with those who are devout and pious people. Whether it is true or not. And regardless of religion. You at least appear to be pious when you give alms and are consistently praying. vii. We ought also to see the correlation between Tabitha and Cornelius. Tabitha was a disciple of Christ who gave charitably too. We are not told that she prayed often, but it is reasonable to conclude she did. viii. On the surface then, we are given a man who has everything right, but he is missing one piece of the puzzle. But here is a hint. The piece of the puzzle he is missing isn't that he hasn't yet become a Jewish proselyte. e. [Slide 10] Summary of the Point: As wonderful of a man as Cornelius was, admired by men, prominent, a leader, a manager of a house, and pious to boot, he was still not good enough. He still lacked something. No doubt everyone admired and respected a man like Cornelius. And even though he wasn't quite Jewish, we will see later he is highly respected by the Jews. The core truth we see in this first point is that a man can be judged to be a good man by all of society and still be short of the standard of God. For God does not require a good man. He requires a perfect man. Jesus died for sinners… even those whom our society labels as saints. So, we must not rest on our laurels and our own self-righteousness, for it will never be good enough. But we must seek out and trust in the righteousness of Christ. Transition: [Slide 11 (blank)] But we have made some logical leaps here. Is God not pleased at all by Cornelius' lifestyle? And how do we know Cornelius lacks Jesus? Well, God sends this man an angel. Let's see what the angel says. II.) God is pleased with and graciously corrects those who sincerely worship Him, so we must seek out and trust in the righteousness of Christ. (3-6) a. [Slide 12] 3 – About three o'clock one afternoon he saw clearly in a vision an angel of God, who came in and said to him, “Cornelius.” i. At 3 in the afternoon, it would be a traditional time for sacrifices and prayers to be offered up at the temple. ii. It was at this time that Cornelius, who was probably entering again into prayer, saw a waking vision. iii. A vision is something that appears clearly, vividly, and credibly in the mind but is not actually present. iv. An angel appears to him in this vision and calls to him. v. Like Jesus to Saul before him, this angel identifies Cornelius by name. b. [Slide 13] 4 – Staring at him and becoming greatly afraid, Cornelius replied, “What is it, Lord?” i. Cornelius had never seen anything like this before. ii. Like every person who encounters an angel of God, he becomes sorely afraid. iii. Cornelius responds to this angel's call by using almost the same words Saul used when he was met by Christ. iv. Saul asked, who are you, Lord? And Cornelius says, “What is it, Lord?” v. What does this mean? vi. It is difficult to know whether Cornelius has assumed that he was seeing God Himself or whether he is using this term “lord” in its less theologically charged meaning, “Sir.” vii. Even if he did mistake this angel for God, would you blame him? viii. Regardless of what Cornelius meant, the angel makes it plain that he is not God but bears God's message to him. c. [Slide 14] The angel said to him, “Your prayers and your acts of charity have gone up as a memorial before God. i. The angel indicates clearly that he is not God, but informs him that his prayers and charity have gone up before God. ii. What does it mean that his prayers and offerings have “Gone up before God?“ iii. And what is meant by it being a memorial or as other translations have it a “memorial offering?” iv. In the book of Leviticus, in several sacrifices the priests are instructed to take a handful of the offering and burn it on the altar before the Lord. The rest of the offering would be used by the priests. v. These are called memorial offerings because the one who gives the offering and the one burning the offering are all reminded that though God deserves all of the offering, he is pleased with a small portion. vi. How appropriate for the angel messenger to convey this to Cornelius. vii. Cornelius is, after all, not circumcised. He does not go to the temple for sacrifices. He meets in synagogues to learn of the Jewish faith and practice, and attempts to live accordingly, but is not Jewish. viii. Yet Yahweh, The God of Israel, through His angel, tells Cornelius that his charity and prayers have amounted to a memorial sacrifice. They have pleased God. ix. Though he has never sacrificed in the temple, his charity and prayers have been his offering. x. And his offering has pleased God. xi. So, is he good? Is Cornelius saved? Is that enough? Did he earn his salvation by an offering? xii. No. The angel had more to say. d. [Slide 15] Now send men to Joppa and summon a man named Simon, who is called Peter. 6 This man is staying as a guest with a man named Simon, a tanner, whose house is by the sea.” i. The angel communicates another message to Cornelius that, at first, appears to be separate from the first. ii. However, they are related. iii. He tells him to send men to fetch Peter and tells him where Peter is staying. iv. But we all know the reason for this. v. And later we find out that the angel told Cornelius not only that Peter needed to come to see him, but that he had a message to give to him. A message of salvation. For him, and his household. vi. It is almost as if God is telling Cornelius, “Remember, though you stand a far way off, you have gotten the important part of Judaism. You have gotten enough of Judaism to be ready for the next step in Judaism. Now Peter will come and show you what you lack.” vii. Is God giving Cornelius a shortcut? Is God saying… I desire obedience and not sacrifices? e. [Slide 16] Summary of the Point: And so, in this point, although those who are perceived as good and devout men are still not good enough, God is good and gracious to those who diligently seek Him. Though Cornelius had just enough truth and just enough good works to condemn him to hell, God rewards those who are pursuing Him. In many ways, Cornelius was probably more devout than most Jews of his day, because his motives were pure. He sincerely sought the Lord. God is pleased with those who, even imperfectly, sincerely worship Him. And God is sure to lead such people to what they lack. So, we must not be satisfied with our broken attempts to please God, even if He is pleased by our sincerity. Instead, we must seek out and trust in the righteousness of Christ. For it is in Jesus that the Lord has said, “This is my beloved Son in whom I am well-pleased.” Transition: [Slide 17(blank)] God rewards Cornelius' diligent seeking by revealing his need. He needs to call on Peter. Peter needs to come and give him and his household a message. So, what do those who have been illuminated by God do? What do those whose eyes have been opened do? They obey… III.) All who God corrects and instructs with truth obey His commands, so we must seek out and trust in the righteousness of Christ. (7-8) a. [Slide 18] 7 – When the angel who had spoken to him departed, Cornelius called two of his personal servants and a devout soldier from among those who served him, i. Like Aeneas and Tabitha before, Cornelius sets out to obey what has been revealed to him. ii. Aeneas was healed of his paralysis, Tabitha raised from death, but Cornelius was healed of another malady. A malady equally as hopeless. iii. You see for Cornelius though he was a God-Fearer, and though he could potentially achieve proselyte status in the Jewish faith and gain some measure of closeness to Yahweh, the God of Israel. He could never come closer than this. He could never enter the courts of the Jews much less the holy place or the Holy of Holies for that matter. iv. But what has his acts of charity and prayer done? It is a memorial offering. A reminder to him that though God requires all, He is pleased with what Cornelius has done. For he has done it while sincerely seeking Yahweh. v. So God rewards Cornelius by sending an angel, with the truth of the way he could be healed of that relational distance. vi. He has been told that he can come and receive the same gospel message that was given to the Jews. He need not be a proselyte first. Cornelius doesn't need to be circumcised. He doesn't need to become a Jew first. He simply needs the message that Peter will give him. What is that message? Jesus Christ crucified for sinners. 1. Jesus is the funnel. Jesus is the choke point. Jesus is not only the next and final redemptive step in Judaism, but He is also the next and final redemptive step for the Gentile as well. 2. He is the next and final step in the covenants He made with Adam and Eve. a. He is the sacrifice that was killed in their place so that they could be clothed perfectly and completely. b. He is the seed that has crushed the head of the serpent and enlarged the family of God. c. He is the New Adam, our new representative, keeping the covenant of works perfectly. 3. He is the next and final step in the covenant made with Noah. a. He is the ark delivering His people from the world of sin and the judgment that will overwhelm it. b. He is the bow of promise establishing peace between the Father and His people. c. He is bringing the next baptism with the Spirit and with Fire. 4. All the covenants of God, to Jews and Gentiles alike, are funneled down to Jesus. vii. And what does Cornelius do after receiving this command which he is told will be the solution for his malady of relational distance to Yahweh? What does he do when he is told that Peter holds the key for that distance to be erased? He obeys the angel and sends for Peter. b. [Slide 19] 8 - and when he had explained everything to them, he sent them to Joppa. i. It is difficult to know exactly what he tells these two servants and soldier. ii. The text says he had explained everything. iii. It seems as though everything he knew, saw, and believed was given to these men as he sent them to bring Peter. iv. Cornelius not only believed the angel, but wanted his whole house to believe as well. c. [Slide 20] Summary of the Point: We've seen how the devotion and goodness of Cornelius was not enough, that he still lacked true righteousness. We've also seen the faithfulness and compassion of God to reward those who seek Him diligently. And finally, we see the faithful obedience of all whom God reveals truth to… Cornelius was given life changing truth that would free him from his relational distance to God. And that truth would be given to him by Peter the apostle. So, what does Cornelius do when he is told that Peter holds the key for him to be brought into a close and special relationship with Yahweh? He obeys the angel and sends for Peter immediately. My friends, we know the piece that Cornelius was missing. It is Jesus crucified for sinners. So, we too must seek out and trust in the righteousness of Christ. Conclusion: So, CBC, what has the Lord said and how then shall we live? What doctrinal takeaway can we pull from this today? Doctrinal Takeaway: [Slide 21] Men and women can live lives that are devout and pious, being paragons of good among humanity. God is pleased with those who attempt to live out His law and seek to please Him. But mankind's devotion and piety is not enough to satisfy the holy standard of God. So, God in His grace rewards those who diligently seek to please and worship Him. He rewards them by revealing to them how they can be made right with Him. In this we see the tension of mankind's spiritual status as dead and paralyzed juxtaposed against being able to actually, in some way, please God with our meager efforts. Another riddle. The great answer is that God's legal standard is perfection, even if it is pleasing for us to obey Him and seek Him, it will never satisfy the legal requirement of perfection. But that is why God has sent His Son. And that is why God promises to reward those who seek Him. Cornelius was rewarded for faithfully pursuing the God if Israel. How was He rewarded? He was rewarded by God offering Him the next and final step in His redemption. And it was not to make him a Jew first. It was to transfer him directly into the family of the Son. So Cornelius obeyed the Lord and sent for Peter. Jesus is the answer for all men and not just the Jews. All the covenants of God are fulfilled in Him. My friends, although it is true that when we are God's people, we obey Him… our obedience is not what we rely on. Because our obedience will always be imperfect in this life. Instead, we depend on Christ's righteousness. For it is only in Christ that the Lord's legal standard is met. The best we can hope for is God to be pleased with us. With Christ, The Father is well-pleased. So let me improve upon this point in a few ways for us this morning. 1.) [Slide 22] Mind Transformation: “What truth must we believe from this text?” or “What might we not naturally believe that we must believe because of what this text has said?” We must believe that no matter how much righteousness we can muster, it will never satisfy God's perfect standard. a. Cornelius was a man who put many Jews to shame. He devoted himself and his entire household to upholding monotheism and the law of the God of Israel. b. Even though he would never be accepted into the inner relationship to Yahweh, he still served Him and sought Him. c. This is a far cry from the Sadducees who only wanted power with their piety. It is lightyears away from the Pharisees who desired honor from men by their devotion to God. d. Nevertheless, as righteous as he was, Cornelius was still missing something. As pleasing as his actions were to God, he still lacked what Peter would bring. e. From meticulous legalism to liberal sincerity, mankind cannot ever achieve the perfect standard of God. f. As we spoke last week, we are all dead in sin. We are hopeless to heal ourselves. Hopeless to raise ourselves. The Lord must do this work. g. But our problem only begins there. Even though the Lord must raise us from sin death that is only half of our problem. For not only are we dead in sin, but we also dead to righteousness, h. Mankind, my friends, is in quite the pickle. Not only do they not want to please God, but even if they did want to, they couldn't. You see God can't bring us to life and then let us go. For we would simply die in sin again when we fail. i. No. God must unite us to something that will never fail. j. This is what orthodox Christianity teaches. Mankind is doubly damned. Not only are we dead in sin, but God's standard is perfection. You cannot be perfect if you are by nature dead in flaws. k. Like a computer with a hardware problem. Even if you reboot it and debug it… if there is a flaw with the hard drive or the motherboard… it will never function properly. The bad hardware must be replaced. l. Mankind not only needs a reboot, but a hardware replacement as well. 2.) [Slide 23] Refutation: “What lies must we cast down” or “What do we naturally believe, or have been taught to believe, that this passage shows is false?” We must deny that being dead in sin means we are unable to do good. a. Some having misunderstood this teaching have critiqued it by saying, “If mankind is dead in sin, If mankind is not righteous, then why do my Muslim neighbors shovel my driveway out of kindness? Why do my lost family members buy me flowers when I'm down? Why do my unbelieving co-workers pay their taxes and offer sacrificial love to their families?” b. They offer a wise critique to a doctrine no one is teaching. c. No one teaches that because mankind is dead in sin they can do no good thing. No one is teaching that because mankind is enslaved to sin that all they can do is sin. d. What we mean when we say that mankind is totally depraved or totally unable is that man is not able and not willing to spiritually free himself from sin or seek God or be made right with God. e. In the previous example we said that “mankind not only needs a reboot, but a hardware replacement as well.” Now think with me… if we are the computer, can we do that on our own? f. And I know you are thinking – well sometimes my computer reboots on its own. g. Does it? Or did someone program the computer to reboot under certain conditions? h. This is what this doctrine means. Just like a computer, we are not able to reboot ourselves or change our hardware. i. But that doesn't mean that the computer can't do some good things right? It just means that those good things don't fix the problem. j. Cornelius proves this out. He was able to do good things, things that were pleasing to God – but he still needed God to send an angel and an apostle to bring him to Christ. 3.) [Slide 24] De-Exhortation: “What actions should we stop doing” or “What behaviors do we naturally practice that this passage tells us to stop doing?” We must stop relying on our own obedience to perfectly please God. a. No doubt we all sometimes succumb to this erroneous teaching that has bound so many of God's dear children. b. We speak harshly to our wives and hit every red light on the way to work. Immediately we observe, God is punishing me for being harsh. c. We pray for our neighbor and then we inherit a small house form a distant uncle who passed. Apparently, God is pleased with me for praying for my neighbors. d. If I wear this, or go to that movie, or drink that, or say this, God will be most displeased with me. e. Even though there is a certain measure of truth in some of this – God is pleased and displeased by our choices, the thing that is faulty is our reliance on our performance to please God. f. My friends, our performance is not what perfectly pleases God. Why? Because our performance is never perfect. g. The scriptures teach us that there is no condemnation in Christ. The scriptures teach us that although we will be rewarded with crowns for our faithfulness to God – we will cast them all at the feet of Jesus. h. The whole of it my friends is that we can't be more or less pleasing to God because we are in Christ. And with Christ, the Father is well-pleased. i. But we could pendulum swing here couldn't we… 4.) [Slide 25] Exhortation: “What actions should we take?” or “What is this passage specifically commanding us to do that we don't naturally do or aren't currently doing?” We must obey the Lord while trusting that Christ has satisfied God's perfect standard of performance. a. You see my friends, we obey the Lord out of love and thanksgiving. b. We are not trying to please Him more or fear displeasing him. We are obeying His law because we love Him and are thankful that He first loved us. c. We rest in the perfect righteousness of Christ, knowing that we will never lose that perfect standing before our Father. And then in that state of declared righteousness, we imperfectly obey. d. This is the beauty of the gospel. e. We are imperfectly perfect by faith in Christ. f. And it works because He changes our desires. We no longer want to wallow in imperfection. Instead, we long to be like Christ, while knowing that God has made us to be His righteousness. g. What a great God we serve that although His standard is perfection, He has achieved it for us while changing us to continue to desire it. 5.) [Slide 26] Comfort: “What comfort can we find here?” or “What peace does the Lord promise us in light of this passage of scripture?” God will reveal Himself to those who diligently pursue Him. a. Perhaps you left last week with a feeling of despair. b. God must wake up people from spiritual death and paralysis. I get it. But what if someone really really really wants to serve God but God says no to waking them up? c. What if someone really wants to be saved but God never turns the lights on, God never opens the prison cell. God never raises them up. What happens then? d. My friends… God promises that those who diligently seek Him will be rewarded. Those who keep knocking on His door, He won't cast out. He will welcome them in. e. Perhaps that is you today. Perhaps you have desired to be God's child and have been knocking and knocking and still He has not answered. f. Will you give up now? Will you turn away? Where will you go? Who else can save like our God? g. There is no other name under heaven by which men can be saved. He is the Son of God who has the words of life… where else can you go? h. Don't stop knocking my friends. The Lord promises that He will let you in. Let me close with a prayer from the church father Eusebius of Caesarea, fitting since Cornelius was from this city. We give you thanks, our God and Savior, and to you, O Christ, in our own feeble way. You are the supreme providence of the mighty Father, who both saves us from evil and teaches us in the way of truth. I say these things not to praise, but simply to give thanks. Who among us is worthy to give you praise? You called creation into being from nothing. You illuminated it with your light. You regulated the confusion of the elements by your laws of harmony and order. More than that, we recognize your lovingkindness. You caused those whose hearts inclined toward you to sincerely seek a divine and blessed life. You've allowed us to pass along what we've received from you, like merchants of wisdom and true blessings. We reap the everlasting fruit of your goodness. Freed from the net of sin, and permeated with a love for others, mercy is always our point of view. We hope for the promise of faith, and we are devoted to modest living – all the virtues we had once thrown aside, but are now restored by you whose generous care is over all. In Jesus name we pray… Amen. May the God who did not spare His own Son, But sent Him to gladly bear our burden on the cross, Remind you always of these things, though you Know them and are firmly established in the truth, Until you arrive to a full measure of glory. Until we meet again… Go in peace.

Title: A Sheep In Wolf's Skin Text: Acts 9:1-19a FCF: We often struggle trusting the Lord to work among our enemies Prop: Because God is absolutely sovereign over each individual's salvation, we must call men to ongoing repentance and faith. Scripture Intro: [Slide 1] Turn in your bible to Acts chapter 9. In a moment we will read starting at verse 1 from the Legacy Standard Version. You can follow along in the pew bible on page 1240 or in whatever version you prefer. In many ways the story we are about to read is a sister narrative to the one previous. Just as we saw the sovereignty of God in salvation and man's responsibility to obey the Lord within it – today we will see the same truths but repackaged in a different way. We'll see a man travel on a road, like last week. We'll see a man be interrupted by a divine appointment. We'll see a man who no one would have thought could receive Christ, receive Christ. But this story is all flipped on its head with the most unlikely candidate at the center. Please stand with me to focus on the reading of and give honor to the Word of God. Transition: Many scholars describe the following text as the lynchpin that turns the book of Acts. Certainly, it is the beginning of a major leader of the church. Let's look at this amazing story of God's sovereign love and grace. I.) Though God is absolutely sovereign in each individual's salvation, we must command men to obey the gospel. (1-9) a. [Slide 2] 1 – Now Saul, still breathing threats and murder against the disciples of the Lord, i. Luke said in Acts 8:1, “Now Saul was in hearty agreement with putting him (Stephen) to death.” ii. At our Wednesday night group we discussed that Saul was a Hellenist Jew who no doubt was attempting to earn his way into the good graces of the Hebraic Jews. He was probably on the Sanhedrin council or at least trying to be. And he was no doubt one of the main opponents of Stephen directly responsible for his death. iii. Saul's threats and murder continue to be breathed out. What does this term mean? iv. We might assume that Luke is likening Saul to a dragon spitting fire. But that is not what this term means. v. The word means to be dedicated to. In the sense that as dedicated as you are to breathing, so also you are dedicated to whatever it is you are describing. To the extent that it could be said that this was his life's breath. His life's work. It was his calling. vi. Saul's calling… was to hunt down and murder each and every member of the Jesus heresy. vii. My friends, Saul's heart is not divided. He is not fraught with doubt and guilt. viii. Saul is… 100% set against the church. And although his opposition is in ignorance of the truth, in that he genuinely believed that he was doing what the Lord wanted… there is violent hatred and rejection of Jesus and his teachings. ix. We have seen the gospel go out to various groups of people in the book of Acts. Many of whom we might have expected. 1. Faithful Jews from all over the world in Jerusalem received the gospel. 2. Faithful Hellenized Jews in Jerusalem received the gospel. 3. Faithful Gentile proselytes to Judaism in Jerusalem received the gospel. x. But recently we have seen the gospel– which is the power of God – poured out upon the most unlikely recipients. 1. Unfaithful Jewish Cultists in Samaria have received the gospel. 2. And a Gentile who was Ineligible for conversion to Judaism because he is a eunuch, on the furthest South western Desert Road to Gaza, received the gospel and became a true child of God. xi. But Saul… my friends… is surely unreachable. xii. Saul is a Faithful Jew, who is the tyrannical, bloodthirsty, violent, and blasphemous enemy of Jesus of Nazareth and His followers. xiii. Surely the gospel cannot go to such a man. Surely the gospel cannot reach such a man. b. [Slide 3] Went to the high priest 2 and asked for letters from him to the synagogues at Damascus, so that if he found any belonging to the Way, both men and women, he might bring them bound to Jerusalem. i. First of all, where is Damascus? ii. [Slide 4] At this point in the Acts narrative, Damascus is the furthest north we've seen that the gospel has gone forth. iii. In our last narrative portion we saw Philip go toward the most southern and western location he could on an uninhabited road to Gaza. iv. We don't know how long after the previous narrative section this occurs, but we do know that Saul's persecution did not last long. Therefore, we know that the gospel is spreading like wildfire. You can almost sense the urgency and desperation in Saul's actions. v. [Slide 5] Saul takes, from the highest religious authority, letters giving him permission to take people into custody and haul them back to Jerusalem. vi. We'll notice too that the title given to followers of Jesus, before they were called Christians… was those “Of The Way.” vii. Jesus claimed to be the way the truth and the life. And his followers were following His ways. viii. And so, in an upside-down narrative to the previous - Saul – the scourge of those of the Way – the bloodthirsty hunter –the antithesis of Philip - goes toward the most northern and eastern location he could on a heavily traveled road to the city of Damascus. He has letters in hand to drag people who long thought they had escaped his grasp, back to Jerusalem to die for their heresy. ix. It was in this state that Saul found himself ready to fulfill his calling on his life. To do as his life's breath required. c. [Slide 6] 3-4 – And as he was traveling, it happened that when he was approaching Damascus, suddenly a light from heaven flashed around him; 4 and falling to the ground, he heard a voice saying to him, “Saul, Saul, why are you persecuting Me?” i. Hardened as Saul was against the teachings of the Way and the heresies of Jesus… ii. Opposed as he was to the doctrine of grace through faith… iii. Antagonistic as he was to any teaching that his sins might need atoning or that his righteousness was lacking… iv. All the theological and spiritual opposition on which he held so tightly… v. Was cast to the ground by heavenly light. vi. An audible voice spoke to him through the light. It knew his name. And it asked him why… why is he persecuting, hunting and killing… Him. The voice is the One whom Saul resists. vii. We aren't given any indication of tone. Luke does not record anything other than the voice spoke. viii. But based on what Saul says next… we might be able to guess. d. [Slide 7] 5 – And he said, “Who are you, Lord?” i. In Exodus 3:13-15 Moses asked a similar question of God. 1. He said, if I am to go to your ancient people and I say to them that their God has sent me to you… they will ask what His name is. What shall I say to them? Who shall I say has sent me? 2. God replied Yahweh. Tell them Yahweh sent you. I AM ii. Here Saul does not know exactly who speaks to him out of the light… but he knows this… it must either be The Angel of Yahweh, or Yahweh Himself. His question “Who are you” is in essence saying “Are you who I think you are? iii. In this we have a hint at the tone of the statement from before. iv. The voice was probably not meek and mild, soft and sweet. v. I'd wager it was booming and terrifying. For in that moment, Saul suspected that he met with Yahweh the God of Israel, the Most High God. vi. Am I speaking to Yahweh? He asks. What is your name? vii. How shocking it would be for him to hear the answer… e. [Slide 8] And He said, “I am Jesus whom you are persecuting, i. In another accounting of this incident in the book of Acts, Saul reveals that Jesus spoke to him in the Hebrew Language. This could mean Aramaic, but most likely he meant in Hebrew. ii. But Luke transmits this in Greek. In Greek were we to translate this literally it would read something like “I, I am Jesus whom you, you are persecuting” The pronouns are repeated in order to emphasize them. iii. What does this mean? Although we can't be sure – most likely Jesus, as a reply to Saul's question, who are you, in Hebrew said, “Yahweh Yeshua.” I AM Jesus … whom YOU are persecuting. iv. In this moment it is absolutely proven to Saul no less than 7 things. 1. Jesus is alive and not dead… just as His disciples had said. 2. Because He is alive and not dead, everything Jesus claimed of Himself, including being the Messiah of God and the hope of Israel, was true. 3. Because all that He had said was true, all that He told His apostles was true about the atonement of His death and His Heavenly Kingdom. 4. Because all Jesus taught was true, and because he spoke from heavenly light, Saul knew that Jesus was not only risen but exalted to glory with His Father. 5. Because He was exalted to glory with His Father, what Stephen said was true… in that He was the Son of Man from Daniel, who shares power and authority with Yahweh. 6. Because He shares authority with Yahweh, he is able to claim to share the name of Yahweh, somehow God in 3 persons yet 1 God. 7. Because He was the second person of the Godhead, raised to a place of glory and dominion and authority and power, Saul, as it is, stood directly opposed to His own God whom he claimed to be fervently serving. 8. Finally, since his life's calling has been proven to be exactly in opposition to his God, his life's calling is now useless, garbage, and even a hindrance to him. It will be the noose that hangs him. v. Luke doesn't tell us that Saul understood all this. But I assure you, it is all there and much more. vi. The voice identifying itself as Yahweh, Jesus whom YOU are persecuting… absolutely wrecked Saul. vii. Saul's entire identity is absolutely destroyed. It was all a lie. HE is a blasphemer. HE is the one who deserved to be hauled back to Jerusalem, HE is the one who deserved to be stoned outside the city. viii. His life… is over. ix. Or is it… f. [Slide 9] 6 – But rise up and enter the city, and it will be told you what you must do.” i. What might Saul have expected of Yahweh? What might have Saul expected of the Messiah of God, the eternal Davidic King? ii. Would he not expect that the Commander of Heaven's armies would have destroyed him in that moment? How does God defeat His enemies? iii. God always destroys His enemies. iv. He either destroys them in their rebellion… or He destroys them and remakes them. v. In essence, this is exactly what Jesus said to the rich young ruler. You aren't good, and you can only inherit heaven by selling everything and following me. You must be unmade and remade. vi. Jesus tells Saul – I am everything you have denied and more. You are my enemy. Now rise and do as I tell you. Obey me without question. vii. The rich young ruler went away sorrowful. What will Saul do? g. [Slide 10] 7 – And the men who traveled with him stood speechless, hearing the voice but seeing no one. i. Luke's brief aside fills in the blanks a little. ii. The men traveling with him, probably soldiers or temple police, were not unaware of what had happened. iii. In the other accounts in Acts we find that the men who were with him saw a light. iv. But they didn't see anyone speaking from the light. And they did hear the voice. v. Saul later says that they did not understand the voice of the one speaking. 1. Either that means that the voice was unintelligible to them, meaning all they heard was the sound, the booming sound of a voice. 2. Or it may mean that they could not comprehend the language spoken. Perhaps the men with him were Hellenized Jews and did not speak Hebrew. vi. Saul also tells us in a future account that all of them fell to the ground. Here in Acts 9 it only seems like Saul fell. But all of them fell. vii. So, because they saw a great flash of light and heard a booming voice speaking with words they could not understand, and because they were all thrown to the ground by this light and voice… the men were speechless. viii. Wouldn't you be? h. [Slide 11] 8 – And Saul got up from the ground and though his eyes were open, he could see nothing. i. Here we see the damage of heavenly light. ii. Saul, though his eyes were open, was rendered blind. iii. Yet here is an interesting spiritual allusion by Luke. iv. Although true that Saul could not see though his eyes were open physically – this suggests a physical sign of a spiritual truth that Saul has now realized. v. His spiritual eyes were open, but they were blind to the truth. vi. Saul's loss of vision is, in a way, a sacrament to him. vii. He now understands how blind and lost he truly was. viii. But as it was before that his physical eyes could see but his spiritual eyes could not… now though his physical eyes could not see… for the first time, the eyes of his heart saw clearly. ix. Saul, the great hunter of the Jesus cult… the scourge of the followers of the Way… has been humbled and defeated. x. How? xi. With Light and Truth. xii. By the Light of the World. By the Way, the Truth, and the Life. i. [Slide 12] Leading him by the hand, they brought him into Damascus. 9 And he was three days without sight, and neither ate nor drank. i. The soldiers who probably don't know exactly what happened, lead Saul by the hand into the city of Damascus. ii. For three days Saul was without sight and did not eat or drink. iii. Why? iv. Well, later on in this passage we find that Saul is spending his time praying. v. What do you suppose a man confronted with the fact that he has been actively and violently opposing the God he thought he was serving, what do you suppose he might be praying about? vi. I believe that Saul is spending 3 days fasting and praying in repentance. vii. He came to Damascus to hunt down and kill those of the Way. viii. But now he spends 3 days hunting down and killing his former self. ix. His repentance reveals that he is now a follower of Christ. j. [Slide 13] Summary of the Point: As was true of the Ethiopian eunuch, so it is also true here. God is absolutely sovereign over each individual's salvation. Not one person preached to Saul. Jesus did not invite Saul to accept Him into his heart. Jesus did not ask Saul to pray a prayer or give his life to him. Jesus threw him on the ground, blinded him, told him He was Yahweh and that Saul was persecuting His church. Then He commanded Saul to get up and go to Damascus and wait until He told him what to do next. One commentator labeled this section of scripture “The Assaulting of Saul.” This is how we know that God is sovereign over each individual's salvation. Not even an enemy of God is safe from His sovereign election. Nevertheless, we see human responsibility here too, do we not? Does not Jesus command Saul to do something? Therefore, the church must command men to obey the gospel. What does that mean? We must call men to repent and to believe. Not because that is the mechanism that saves them, for God alone saves. They must repent and believe because that is the commanded and expected outcome of a person whom the Lord is drawing and calling to Himself. Transition: [Slide 14(blank)] But the story of Saul's conversion has only begun. Jesus does not leave Saul blind and without a guide for the rest of his new life. Jesus sends a member of His church to disciple Saul. II.) Though God is absolutely sovereign in each individual's salvation, we must disciple one another. (10-19a) a. [Slide 15] 10 – Now there was a disciple at Damascus named Ananias, and the Lord said to him in a vision, “Ananias.” And he said, “Here I am, Lord.” i. Again, Luke records an event that is quite miraculous… as if it is common. ii. The Lord speaks directly to a disciple named Ananias. iii. Ananias would of course have been one of the ones whom Saul was hunting in Damascus. iv. But, as we've already seen, the Lord had other plans. v. In a scene similar to the young Samuel, aiding Eli the priest in his duties, Ananias answers Here I am, Lord. What would you have me do? b. [Slide 16] 11-12 – And the Lord said to him, “Rise up and go to the street called Straight, and inquire at the house of Judas for a man from Tarsus named Saul, for behold he is praying, 12 and he has seen in a vision a man named Ananias come in and laying his hands on him, so that he might regain his sight.” i. There are a number of things written between the lines of the narrative that we can observe here. ii. First, is the fact that Ananias must have been called on by the Lord to go to Saul and heal him on the third day that Saul was in the city. iii. It would not have taken Ananias long to arrive anywhere within the city. iv. Also, God gave a vision to Saul to expect this man, Ananias, to come to him to heal him. v. We also see that Saul is praying in repentance for his life of rebellion and opposition against the Lord whom he thought he was serving dutifully. vi. We also discover that Saul is staying in the home of a man named Judas on a street named Straight. God is very specific for where Ananias is to go. He is also very specific for the man that Ananias is supposed to meet. Saul of Tarsus. Perhaps many were named Saul, perhaps even in that same city and on that same street and in that same home. But there was only one there who was from Tarsus who needed to be healed of blindness. vii. God's specificity reveals the identity of the man whom Ananias is sent to heal. viii. And, being human, Ananias expresses his fear and trepidation at going to heal a man like Saul. c. [Slide 17] 13-14 – But Ananias answered, “Lord, I have heard from many about this man, how much harm he did to Your saints at Jerusalem. 14 And here he has authority from the chief priests to bind all who call on Your name.” i. Ananias raises two concerns. I won't call them arguments. I do not think Ananias raises these in order to argue with God – as if he would not obey. ii. Ananias simply relays his fears to the Lord. iii. First, he cries out to the Lord about the great harm this man has done to His people in Jerusalem. 1. Even the fiercest enemy, when blinded, becomes much easier to tame and control. 2. Saul is pacified. God's people are in much less danger now that the great enemy cannot see. 3. Why change it? Surely blindness to a man who deserves much worse is still a mercy? 4. By healing him, are we not putting God's people into danger? 5. Shall I knowingly endanger my brothers and sisters in Christ for the sake of following the absurd command of God? (Again, a parallel to Philip here) iv. Second, he cries out to the Lord about the intention of Saul in coming to Damascus. 1. Ananias knows he has come here with the authority of the chief priests to arrest, imprison, and kill those who have sworn allegiance to the name of Jesus. 2. Should I go to him, what will stop him from taking me? 3. Should I heal him, what will stop him from continuing with his intended purpose? v. You see Ananias is missing a key piece of the puzzle, isn't he? vi. He is assuming that the Saul that is blind is the same one who could once see. vii. What he did not know is that this blind Saul now sees more clearly than he ever has. He is not the same Saul. He is broken. He is pacified. He is defeated. He is destroyed. viii. That old Saul… is dead. d. [Slide 18] 15-16 – But the Lord said to him, “Go, for he is a chosen instrument of Mine, to bear My name before the Gentiles and kings and the sons of Israel; 16 for I will show him how much he must suffer for My name.” i. In the longsuffering and mercy of the Lord, He lovingly listens to our concerns and fears. ii. Often through His word or wise counsel we can gain comfort and peace for whatever fears befall us. iii. Here, Ananias is given special revelation about the soul of Saul. iv. God reveals that He has chosen, elected, predestined Saul to be a vessel for Him. v. Although God does give a specific purpose of that selection, we cannot ignore the similarity with which Saul will later write about all Christians. All those in Christ were selected, elected, chosen, predestined by God. vi. And God's purpose in all His elect is for them to be a witness of His name before all whom they encounter. vii. So, in reality, the only thing that is different about Saul's selection from every other believer, is that God is revealing ahead of time some of the specifics of to whom Saul will bear witness. viii. Saul will go to Gentiles, before Kings, and even to the sons of Israel. ix. This is the counter point to Ananias' fear about Saul harming those who bear His name. Instead, he will take God's name to many. x. But God has also predestined Saul to be shown a great deal of suffering… for the name of the One whom he was persecuting. This is answering Ananias' concern about Saul's intention to take people away and imprison them. Instead, Saul will be the one imprisoned, beaten, and eventually killed for the name of God. xi. In this short explanation from God, Ananias not only knows that Saul is a fellow believer… but also that Saul will be used of God to take the gospel far and wide. e. [Slide 19] 17 – So, Ananias departed and entered the house. And he laid his hands on him and said, “Brother Saul, the Lord sent me – that is Jesus who appeared to you on the road by which you were coming – so that you may regain your sight and be filled with the Holy Spirit.” i. After hearing this, Ananias' fears were belayed. ii. He went to the exact place he was told to go and laid his hands on Saul. iii. He addresses Saul as brother – again indicating to us that Saul is already a believer. iv. He tells Saul that the Lord, that is Jesus, who appeared to him on the road, sent him to regain his sight and be filled with the Spirit. v. This tells us several things that were absent from the narrative previously. vi. First, it was Jesus who spoke to Ananias. We may have guessed this, but this is now confirmed. vii. Second, we see that Jesus explained to Ananias exactly what happened on the road coming to Damascus. viii. Third, although we have only seen the purpose of the Lord to give his sight back to him, we see another purpose that goes along with the Lord's selection of Saul for a special mission. ix. Notice that Luke uses the expression “filled with the Holy Spirit” x. Once again, this is not indwelling language. This is special empowering language. xi. Indwelling of the Spirit follows regeneration (grace) and belief in the gospel (faith) which are all gifts from God and not men's works. xii. One can only be filled with the Spirit once they have been indwelled with the Spirit. xiii. And every filling of the Spirit is to give ability to perform a special task of the Lord. Not simply to display power. And not necessarily to permanently keep. f. [Slide 20] 18-19a – And immediately there fell from his eyes something like scales, and he regained his sight, and he rose up and was baptized; 19a and he took food and was strengthened. i. Luke the physician has absolutely no idea what fell out of the eyes of Saul. ii. Much ink has been spilled to try to understand the exact medical condition that Saul was miraculously healed from. iii. Luke had no idea, and we can only speculate. iv. What we do know is that after losing these scales, he could see again. v. After waiting on the Lord for Ananias to come, the humbled, broken, destroyed Saul - submitted to baptism in the name of Jesus of Nazareth, and ended his fast. vi. Saul the scourge of Jesus followers is no more. vii. He came out of the waters, Saul, a vessel chosen to witness to and suffer for the name of Jesus. g. [Slide 21] Summary of the Point: Once again we see the sovereign hand of the Lord actively guiding the election of each individual to salvation. But Saul's conversion is the same as every believer's conversion. How? Those whom God foreknew he also predestined to become conformed to the image of His Son, and those whom He predestined He also called, and those whom He called He also Justified, and those whom He justified He also glorified. Nevertheless, even though God is sovereign over this, Ananias was used of the Lord to heal him, to lay hands on him so he could be filled with the Spirit and commissioned for his work. Though Ananias was told of the grand purpose of Saul, he was tasked with ministering to him and discipling him. The church must obey the Lord's commands to minister to His people. We are in this together. We must make disciples of one another. Conclusion: [Slide 22] Saul speaks about this day toward the end of his life as he writes to Timothy, whom he calls his child in the faith, “I am grateful to Christ Jesus our Lord, who has strengthened me, because He regarded me faithful, putting me into service, even though I was formerly a blasphemer and a persecutor and a violent aggressor. Yet I was shown mercy because I acted ignorantly in unbelief; and the grace of our Lord was more than abundant, with the faith and love which are in Christ Jesus. It is a trustworthy saying and deserving full acceptance: that Christ Jesus came into the world to save sinners, among whom I am foremost. Yet for this reason I was shown mercy, so that in me as the foremost, Christ Jesus might demonstrate all His patience as an example for those who are going to believe upon Him for eternal life.” This statement helps us narrow down Saul's conversion and commission into one doctrinal takeaway for us today. [Slide 23] Doctrinal Takeaway: God is absolutely sovereign in each individual's salvation. God pursues. God draws. God calls. God regenerates. God gives faith. God saves. And there is absolutely no one that God's sovereign grace cannot utterly defeat. There is no heart too hard that His grace cannot destroy. There is no pride too lofty that God cannot utterly humble. Saul as he was, died that day. And it wasn't because he believed or prayed a prayer or accepted Jesus into his heart. It is because Jesus broke him. Jesus hunted him down, threw him to the ground, blinded his eyes, and rebuked his blasphemy. God's sovereign love and patience and mercy can overthrow even the heart of Saul. But that does not eliminate the responsibility of humans, does it? We can believe that God is sovereign in salvation and that humans are responsible to obey without doing damage to either teaching. We simply must be clear about what the obedience of men does and does not do. Men's obedience does not save. God does. But those whom God saves… can and must obey. And in this passage we see two different examples of that obedience. First, there is generally the call to obey the gospel. To turn from sin and submit to the Lordship of Jesus. But we also see the command to disciple those whom God has saved. To baptize and commission them for service to the Lord. Therefore, let us improve upon this point in a few ways. 1.) [Slide 24] Mind Transformation: “What truth must we believe from this text?” or “What might we not naturally believe that we must believe because of what this text has said?” We must believe that God's sovereign grace can remake even the vilest blasphemer's will and turn it to believe on Him. a. The matchless grace of our loving Lord is displayed brightest in those who have greatly opposed Him. b. Saul was sincere and fervent in his faith. It just happened to be incomplete. c. His lack of a fullness to his faith turned him into an active enemy of God. d. This teaches us that sincerely following false teaching does not excuse us from punishment. God doesn't grade on our effort. e. But this also teaches us that even someone who is set in their ways, committed to their belief, entrenched in their position – is not beyond the grace of God. f. They may be well beyond our arguments, our persuasion, our logic – but the grace of God can undo them. g. As terrible of an enemy as Saul was to the church – in a short conversation Jesus had utterly unmade and remade him. h. My friends, conjure in your mind the most ardent enemy of the gospel of Jesus Christ. Call to your mind their faces. Who do you see? i. Some see doctors, scientists, philosophers, presidents, and some see their own children, family members and friends. j. My friends… God's grace is strong enough to break them too. He is sovereign. And even if you can't convince them… Jesus can. 2.) [Slide 25] Refutation: “What lies must we cast down” or “What do we naturally believe, or have been taught to believe, that this passage shows is false?” We must deny that human decisions or choices are the mechanism for salvation. a. This teaching has long been propagated in our churches. Since the second great awakening and even before it to some degree, we have been taught and believed that by the will of men and the choices we make we can be saved. b. This idea is not only foreign to the New Testament, but it is actually antithetical to the gospel. c. If a mere choice or decision is all that is required to save someone – Saul was never given a chance for it. d. Jesus threw him to the ground, took his sight, rebuked him, and then commanded him to go to a city and wait. e. This seems more like how a master would treat a dog than a loving request for Saul to choose something. f. In truth, human decisions and choices are never the mechanism for salvation. Otherwise, our salvation would be our own doing. We would brag about how quickly or how readily we accepted Jesus over those who chose him later in life or more slowly. g. John 1:12-13 says that those who believe in Jesus are born already, not of human will, but of God. h. Our choices and our decisions are not the catalyst or mechanism that saves us. Instead, they are the means that God uses to unite us to Christ. To join our destinies to His. And they are given after we have been born of God. i. In other words – God saves us and gives us repentance and faith. j. Our choices and decisions… are the result of His work. 3.) [Slide 26] Exhortation: “What actions should we take?” or “What is this passage specifically commanding us to do that we don't naturally do or aren't currently doing?” We must call on men to obey the gospel and continue to disciple those who do. a. In a very real way, our job never changes regardless of whether we are speaking to a Christian or not. b. We call all men to repentance and faith. And if they express this – we continue to call them to ongoing repentance and ongoing and growing faith. c. Repentance and faith as we know from the scriptures, require obedience to the Lord's commands. d. First in baptism. e. Then in all that he has said, both to believe and how to live. f. God saves His people… but He uses His people to bear witness to His name and to grow His people in spiritual maturity. g. He is always with us, aiding us in this. h. But His sovereignty over salvation does not eliminate our work that He has given us. 4.) [Slide 27] De-Exhortation: “What actions should we stop doing” or “What behaviors do we naturally practice that this passage tells us to stop doing?” We must stop being jaded toward those we are sure will never come to Christ. a. Friends. Far be it from us to ever think such blasphemous things! b. It proves we have a deficient view of the grace of God and an inflated view of our condition prior to His grace saving us. c. If God's grace can save Saul in a 5 minute conversation… It can save any one, no matter how hard or far. d. And that leads us to our comfort. 5.) [Slide 28 (end)] Comfort: “What comfort can we find here?” or “What peace does the Lord promise us in light of this passage of scripture?” There is no friend, no family member, and no enemy we may have that is unable to be utterly undone by the sovereign grace of God. Keep praying! a. Oh friends. I know there are many you have been praying long and hard for. b. I know that there are friends and family who have long ago turned enemy against the gospel. c. They have rejected it by their words, their life, or both. d. They are hard and stubborn. e. But God's grace is greater still. f. Though your words may do nothing to harm the walls they've built… the grace of God can melt stone and topple armies. g. Do not stop praying for them. And pray in faith that the Lord can do what needs be done. Let me close with a word of prayer from the Puritan Joseph Alleine For those who do not know you yet, Lord, grab on to them now and do your work. Take them by the heart, overcome them, and persuade them, until they say, “You have won. You are stronger than I.” Lord, did you not make us fishers of men? We have worked all this time and caught little. Have we spent our strength for nothing? We will cast our nets one more time. Lord Jesus, stand on the shore and show us how and where to spread our nets. Give us the words to enclose the souls we seek, that they will have no way out. Now, Lord, for a multitude of souls. Now for a full portion. Lord, God, remember us, we pray, and strengthen us, O God. In Jesus Name … Amen. Go, tell of His love with sweetest song, And share His mercies with the multitudes, Till all kings bow down to Him and all nations serve Him. Until we meet again… go in peace.

Sermon - The First Deaconate Acts 6v1-7 In those days when the number of disciples was increasing, the Hellenistic Jews among them complained against the Hebraic Jews because their widows were being overlooked in the daily distribution of food. So the Twelve gathered all the disciples together and said, "It would not be right for us to neglect the ministry of the word of God in order to wait on tables. Brothers and sisters, choose seven men from among you who are known to be full of the Spirit and wisdom. We will turn this responsibility over to them and will give our attention to prayer and the ministry of the word." This proposal pleased the whole group. They chose Stephen, a man full of faith and of the Holy Spirit; also Philip, Procorus, Nicanor, Timon, Parmenas, and Nicolas from Antioch, a convert to Judaism. They presented these men to the apostles, who prayed and laid their hands on them. So the word of God spread. The number of disciples in Jerusalem increased rapidly, and a large number of priests became obedient to the faith. Introduction So far in the book of Acts, we can see that the Church has come under attack by the The world (persecution), satan (deceit & moral compromise) Now a new crisis appears. Unable to destroy the church by way of persecution and deceit, satan now tries to create a split in the church by getting believers to argue and fight with each other. If satan had succeeded in creating an implosion within this church, the only church in existence at the time, then the effects could have been devastating. The media in our world loves to report about anything negative to do with Christianity and the church. So any form of dissension, pressure splits and arguments within the Church, is often reported with an almost earnest gleefulness by the media. From this Bible passage, four questions quite naturally arise. What was the problem? How was it resolved? What happened after it was resolved? How can we apply it to church life, 2000 years after the event? The Problem! (v1) Good news - they were growing, but this had caused a problem! Bad news - Some widows were not being cared for! Hebraic Jews = always had lived in the then nation of Israel, spoke mainly Aramaic and some Hebraic. Well used to life in a Jewish society, the Temple and avoiding those who were not Jews - the Gentiles.. Grecian or Hellenestic Jews = were part of the Jewish Diaspora, born elsewhere within the known world and had returned to Jerusalem. These mainly spoke Greek, and well used to working with Gentiles. Widows were important to God, because justice is important to God. God is a God of justice and mercy. In the Old Testament, under the Law of Moses, God commanded provision for those who were widows, oppressed or uncared for. There was no NHS at the time in Jerusalem. The Apostles would have known about God caring for the widows and in Jesus teaching about justice for the poor and the oppressed. We know this because if you remember from Acts 2 and 4, people were selling and sharing possessions and ensuring that people within the Christian community were being looked after and cared for. This included making sure that everyone got fed, particularly those who had no family to care for them. Somehow, unintentional or not, this group of widows were missing out. What to do? The Solution! (v2-6) Three things about the solution Transformation of the Apostles - James, Peter & John particularly (v2) Its not stated here, but a transformation had taken place! Only a few short time ago, the disciples of Jesus had refused to wash feet as an act of service (Peter); some had wanted positions of power and greatness (James & John). Their old nature must have started asking questions and prompting them to react negatively. The world has attacked the church, satan has attacked the church, and now satan would have been using the Apostles old nature to attack the church. But - as they are transformed by the indwelling Holy Spirit and now have a new nature, the nature of Jesus Christ, they react much more righteously and judiciously. All together now! (v2-5) Notice they gathered all the believers together for a church meeting. The gave their opinion or judgment if you like, that their ministry or time would be better spent doing what God had called them to do - to be leaders of the Church, praying, preaching, evangelizing and discerning how best to apply the 3 years of teaching that they had had when traveling with Jesus Christ before His ascension. Their time, rightly so, was best spent doing that, for that was their ministry of service. But other people in the church gathering, who had a ministry of service and overseeing the food distribution, could spend their time doing that! So what of these seven men with Greek names? They were elected by the whole church, both Grecian and Hebraic, to perform this duty. They may already have been doing it, but now were being set apart especially for this role. These men were controlled by the Holy Spirit and were wise. They were chosen to give relief to the leadership so that the Word of God and prayer would not be hindered. Commissioning (v6) Interestingly enough, the word diakonia is translated here in the NIV as ministry. Another way to translate it is as deacons, as our sermon title suggests. But, they were not deacons in the way the Paul uses the word as part of a church government in 1 Timothy 3. Rather they were deacons, set apart for this specific task - it was their ministry. It may well have been from here, that Paul developed what some parts of the universal church understands of the role of deacons. So these seven men, were prototypes as it were, for the Paul-ine idea of deacons. Note also that the Apostles didn't say their work was more important than serving. They were just following what God had called them to do, just as God had called these seven men to take responsibility for providing food for the widows. So they were commissioned by God, by the laying on of hands and set apart to perform it. We know only of Steven and Phillip and that they continued doing other ministries as well as this. The Result! (v7) Growth and witness = conversion of former enemies... (v7) Growth and witness = reasoning and transformation Now that the Apostles had time for their dedicated and unique ministry, all the widows could be fed, and all believers able to participating within the life of the church. Not only that, Stephen was instrumental in reaching the Apostle Paul (Acts 7:58). Philip was instrumental in reaching the city of Samaria and won over for Jesus Christ, the Ethiopian Eunuch who then took the gospel to Africa. (Acts 8) This growth was where the word of God increased in its effectiveness in the lives of those unbelievers who would listen to the gospel. This growth was not merely addition but multiplication! It was explosive! So explosive that even former enemies were becoming converts! Sadducees were Jewish believers who didn't believe in a bodily resurrection - yet they came to faith and started to believe in the bodily resurrection of Jesus Christ. It's not hard to imagine that some of those Priests coming to faith in Jesus Christ were former persecutors of the Church! They were watching the church to see how best to attack and debate them. Yet found that they were joining the church, rather than continuing to oppose it. The church was preaching one thing and acting upon it. There was no hypocrisy within the church. The church was transparent - it lived as it believed. The church was seen as transformative and servant-like. While the Church continue to reason with others about the validity of Jesus Christ's claims to be the Messiah, it would have not been effective if lives were not being transformed. If lives were not being changed, then no amount of reasoning alone would have seen the growth in numbers being added to the Church. Just as transformation and change alone would not have been the catalyst for growth, without the reasoning behind it. Conclusion Transformation As we have seen here, the first Church was a radical community of believers, growing quickly. The church today, also needs to be a community that is seen to be radical by the surrounding society. At Pentecost, the church community began when the Holy Spirit filled the Disciples (Acts 2v4). The hallmarks of this community were commitment and transformation. This community was radical. It was where people's lives were being changed as the Holy Spirit filled them. Instead of being a withdrawn people filled with fear of retribution from the Roman government and Jewish leaders, they became a people filled with boldness and joy. This church in Jerusalem grew by being a radical community imbued with radical individuals engaging with others and serving. It was a church where every member was asked and expected to play some role. Imagine this church here, if nobody straightened the chairs, vacuumed the carpets, made the tea and coffee etc. All vital parts of church life, and everyone can participate in the life of the church. I was glad to see in the handout Steve gave me that all members were encouraged to participate in some way within the life of the Church here in Bearwood. Today's church will grow by building a strong community. And by church, I don't mean just Bearwood Chapel, but all churches in this area, this country and this world. In working with other local churches, a church community can be created which involves joining together isolated and solitary individuals where people are imbued with love, shown caring for each other, particularly the frail, elderly and young. Despite small differences in worship style and non-essential doctrines, local churches working together can show a world looking in, that all local churches are unified in some positive aspect. In doing this, churches can be a visible symbol of the invisible link that unites all churches. And we can do it, with what somebody once called a "creative passion for the impossible." An inherent human need is the need to belong, and by fulfilling relational needs, the radical church community will become relevant to the people within it. It will then also become relevant to those who are on the outside and looking in. And people are looking in, all the time, whether you want them to or not. When systematic persecution comes to this country, and it will, local churches will need to work with each other and show that Jesus Christ is the reason for our hope and faith. This is shown partly be caring for those who are in need within the community as a whole, and not just in the Church. This involves improving present societal conditions, rather than remaining a conservative community, which merely repairs the status quo. In doing this, today's church will be emulating characteristics of this church we have read and heard about this morning. Jesus Christ is glorified, honoured as the Church community's spiritual health gets stronger and the community bonds in unity. I know of churches that are good at one thing but not the other. Some churches are excellent at social care and social justice, but are very weak in regards to teaching from the Bible and prayer. I know others who are the opposite - are faithful in prayer and bible teaching, but neglectful in regards to social justice. The church must be both as it endeavours to spread the good news of Jesus Christ. The church must be a community of people, willing to be holy. By holy, I mean living a life of constant transformation into the image of Jesus Christ. Being transformed by the Holy Spirit as God's Word is read, studied and applied to your life. It is by being holy, that the church will grow, as we have seen with this church in Jerusalem. The role of the community engaged in radical transformation is to help people to be holy and not merely happy. Happiness will flow from holiness, but holiness will not necessarily flow from an induced ‘feel good factor'. Good leadership, as we have seen this morning, stems from good accountability to each other and to the whole church community. Ministry for all - serving! The Christian life is not to be static or inactive. The Christian life is to be dynamic and active. As we have seen the word "deacon" here denotes ministry. Ministry is any service for Jesus Christ When you serve as God's deacon in this way, God's honour is released. That's why the embryonic Church in Jerusalem grew and flourished. This is done because service shows the beauty and glory of Jesus Christ to those being served and to those watching. That is to be our motive for service. I don't know you. I don't know how or why or if you serve in the Church here in Bearwood. But I do know that ministry and serving in some capacity is for all Christians. In some parts of the worldwide church, ministry is only ever used of the clergy, missionaries and other "professional Christians". And, with a few exceptions notably the Brethren movement, this was the case in most Christian denominations until 40 or 50 years ago. But since then, service and ministry has returned to its New Testament roots. Service and ministry is the domain of all those who would profess to call Jesus Christ as LORD. Serving and ministry should never to be about what you and I can get out of it. When that is the motive, God is not glorified. God's glory and supremacy is our goal as Christians. Spiritual growth comes from serving rather than being served. This is because what ever is given in service of God and others, faith grows and Jesus Christ gives back even more. Jesus speaking in Matthew 25v15-30 tells of the rewards for faithful service and the penalties for being faithless. Serving others is a sign that you are trusting God and having faith in God. Serving God and others is the mark of a spiritually maturity and through service, the greatest servant of all, is reflected: Jesus Christ, who came to serve and give his very life for others (Mark 10v45). As Christians, we are to be as Jesus Christ (Romans 8v28; Philippians 2v5) and to serve. Yet if we are honest, we sometimes feel incapable, just as Moses did (Exodus 3). An excellent example to follow is that of the deacon Stephen. As the church, we are dependent upon each other, just as one part of the human body has dependence on another part. That is why we serve each other and use the gifts generously given by God. If we are Christians here today, you have spiritual gifts and talents, and you have a responsibility to discover and develop them (1 Timothy 4v14)! As we have hopefully seen today, God has called all Christians into one ministry or another and equipped them to fulfill that ministry. So find where in this church, you can serve. Ask the elders and other Church leaders, how they think you can serve here. Finally, if you would not call yourself a Christian here today, then I would urge you to look at this Church. You maybe here having investigated Christianity rationally but still need a bit more for one reason or another. In that case, I would urge you to see how this church cares for the poor and the widows of this area and the world, and match that against its dedication to Jesus Christ. Or you may be here, because you have seen the transforming work of this church with the poor and the widows, but feel you need a bit of something else. Then I would urge you to match this transforming work in individuals against what the Bible says and rationality. Maybe you are in one of those camps, you want to cross the line to faith, but just can't quite get there. Ask one of the Church leaders here, how they might be able to help you. Let's pray. Tap or click here to save the audio in MP3 format.

Scripture Reading: Acts 6:1-7 1 Now in those days, when the disciples were growing in number, a complaint arose on the part of the Greek-speaking Jews against the native Hebraic Jews because their widows were being overlooked in the daily distribution of food. 2 So the twelve called the whole group of the disciples together and said, “It is not right for us to neglect the word of God to wait on tables. 3 But carefully select from among you, brothers, seven men who are well-attested, full of the Spirit and of wisdom, whom we may put in charge of this necessary task. 4 But we will devote ourselves to prayer and to the ministry of the word.” 5 The proposal pleased the entire group, so they chose Stephen, a man full of faith and of the Holy Spirit, with Philip, Prochorus, Nicanor, Timon, Parmenas, and Nicolas, a Gentile convert to Judaism from Antioch. 6 They stood these men before the apostles, who prayed and placed their hands on them. 7 The word of God continued to spread, the number of disciples in Jerusalem increased greatly, and a large group of priests became obedient to the faith.Major ThemesToday we read a short text, but I want to slow down for two reasons. First, this text introduces an important new group of people who serve as a bridge on the journey to sharing the gospel with all the world. Second, this text is often described as the appointment of the church's first seven deacons. I want to take that idea, whether accurate or not, as a springboard to discuss church government more broadly. I think this is an important topic as new or prospective Christians assess which church they would like to visit or join.Hebrews and HellenistsChapter 6 broadens the stage of the church's story. Up to this point, the narrative has centered exclusively on Israeli Jews—Jews who lived in Israel, spoke the Israeli language (which was no longer Hebrew but Aramaic), and followed the Israeli customs. These are the “native Hebraic Jews,” as the NET translation puts it, or, literally, “Hebrews.”In chapter 6, we meet a different kind of Jew—the “Greek-speaking Jew”—or, literally, the “Hellenist.” The NET translation avoids using that word not because it is inaccurate but because “this descriptive term is largely unknown to the modern English reader.”However, the phrase “Greek-speaking Jew” can be misleading. Taken too literally, one may conclude that the key difference, perhaps the only difference, between the two Jewish groups is their first language. The translators seem to share my concern since they add a few explanatory notes. First, they point out that, “The translation ‘Greek-speaking Jews' attempts to convey something of who these were, but it was more than a matter of language spoken; it involved a degree of adoption of Greek culture as well.” They add, “The Greek-speaking Jews were the Hellenists, Jews who to a greater or lesser extent had adopted Greek thought, customs, and lifestyle, as well as the Greek language. The city of Alexandria in Egypt was a focal point for them, but they were scattered throughout the Roman Empire.”Many earlier scholars focused on a supposed theological divide between Hebrews and Hellenists. The claim was that Hellenists had lesser regard for or perhaps even opposed the temple and temple worship. The trend today, as evidenced by the NET notes, is to view the groups as linguistically and to some extent culturally distinct. The Hebrews spoke primarily Aramaic and in varying measures Greek; the Hellenists were primarily Greek speakers. Hellenists were probably Diaspora immigrants or their descendants in Jerusalem. (The term Diaspora refers to the dispersion of the Jewish people beyond Israel.)Notice that the term Hellenist does not mean “Gentile.” For context, the verb “hellenize” was often used in contrast to “barbarize” and hence meant speaking correct Greek. Greeks spread their language and culture together. Consequently, the title Hellenist probably included a certain Greek disposition, education, and support for Greek culture.However, we must also recall that Jews in the Diaspora—that is, in the Greek and Roman world—did not abandon their Jewish customs. So, we should not conclude that Hellenists adopted all Greek customs and beliefs, particularly those opposed to Judaism. Moreover, Jews who cared enough to relocate to their homeland probably had high regard for Jewish customs. (Archaeological evidence suggests that many Diaspora Jews did settle in Jerusalem, perhaps to spend their final days there.)Racism?The interaction of two ethnic groups predictably leads to problems. I use the term ethnicity not to denote race—both groups were made up of Jews—but, as Oxford Dictionary puts it, to denote groups “made up of people who share a common cultural background.” The neglect of the Hellenist widows leads to charges of favoritism or, at worst, discrimination. This is the first reported internal schism in the church (as long as one does not count the episode with Ananias and Sapphira, which was more of an infiltration than an internal schism).In the ancient world—Israel included—widows were truly marginalized. They were often unable to inherit property, purchase land, or work outside the home. In other words, the system left them destitute, which also left them dependent on the resources of relatives and charity. Due to war, the number of widows was great (by one study, a third of all women in the Roman empire). Their need could overwhelm a community.Notice that the problem between Hebrews and Hellenists is prefaced with the good news that “the disciples were growing in numbers.” Growth presents challenges; the church is not an exception to the rule. And, if the last 20 years of multiculturalism in the West have taught us anything, cross-cultural growth is even more challenging. (This is only an observation, not an argument that the church should not expand cross-culturally.)The apostles were among the Hebrews and supervised the distribution of food (4:35). So, the widows' complaint was aimed not only at the church in general but, at least by implication, at the apostles in particular. Should we assume ill will on the part of the apostles? Not really. Given the rapid spread of their fame in the city and explosive rise in church membership, surely they were unable to offer detailed attention to the ministry of charity. Their very success pressed them beyond their abilities.But, how could the apostles overlook the Hellenist widows unintentionally? Although unlikely, food for the poor may have been distributed through a public dole. (In the Roman world, the grain dole was the system by which the government provided subsidized or free grain to the Roman population. Much like welfare today, eligible citizens would be entered into a registry. Then they would receive grain stored by the government.) Immigrants might have had less knowledge of and access to the dole. However, the more likely case is that charity was distributed through private means and synagogues. In that case, Hellenists may have had fewer connections to local families distributing the food. In either case, Hellenists may have had a disproportionate number of widows since many Hellenists moved to Israel once advanced in age. (So, perhaps there were more unprovided Hellenist widows simply because there were more Hellenist widows.) Finally, as I explained above, local widows may have had family to care for them, making them less dependent on charity.The SolutionFaced with the widows' charge, how do the apostles respond? They recognize their limitations and their explicit calling. They realize that they must prioritize the “word of God” and leave the distribution of food to someone else. This is a clear example of delegation of duties in the context of ministry. It is also an example of prioritizing the message over charity when the two are mutually exclusive. Jesus had already exemplified both of these points.After Jesus called the twelve together, he gave them power and authority over all demons and to cure diseases, and he sent them out to proclaim the kingdom of God and to heal the sick. Luke 9:1-2The next morning Jesus departed and went to a deserted place. Yet the crowds were seeking him, and they came to him and tried to keep him from leaving them. But Jesus said to them, “I must proclaim the good news of the kingdom of God to the other towns too, for that is what I was sent to do.” So he continued to preach in the synagogues of Judea. Luke 4:42-44Even if a solution is clear in principle, it is not always clear in practice. To whom should the apostles delegate the important duty of handling and distributing church property? We will discuss the character requirement of the new leaders in a minute, but we must notice that (probably) all of them belong to the offended minority. We can surmise their Hellenist ethnicity from their names and the bit of information provided about a couple of them. I know that the church's “affirmative action” in Acts 6 is sure to be viewed extremely negatively (or extremely positively, depending on one's political persuasion) in our modern-day culture; but, if we can leave that aside for a minute, consider the strategy's efficacy. To address the complaint that Hellenists are being subjected to discrimination in the distribution of food, Hellenist are put in charge of the food distribution. The claim of favoritism is resoundingly defeated. (Notice the apostles did not require the church to select Hellenists. Presumably, the church as a whole thought that this course of action was appropriate.)Nonetheless, the new leaders are not merely affirmative-action hires. The apostles define basic qualifications for service: good reputation; full of the Spirit and wisdom. They invite the church as a whole to choose representatives who meet these qualifications.In the ancient world, qualifications for leadership were common, including to hold civic offices. Being of good reputation, or as our passage puts it, “favorably attested,” was essential in Greco-Roman politics. The new leaders must also be “full of the Spirit.” This probably indicates a continuous state rather than a mere occasion of being “filled with the Spirit” (although the two senses of the phrase are not mutually exclusive).In the list of qualifications for leadership, the Spirit is linked to wisdom (“full of the Spirit and wisdom”). As we discussed during our study of John, Jewish literature often linked and sometimes equated the Spirit of God with wisdom. Consider, for example:You are to speak to all who are specially skilled, whom I have filled with the spirit of wisdom, so that they may make Aaron's garments to set him apart to minister as my priest. Exodus 28:3For the Lord gives wisdom, and from his mouth comes knowledge and understanding. Proverbs 2:6For wisdom is more mobile than any motion; because of her pureness she pervades and penetrates all things. For she is a breath of the power of God, and a pure emanation of the glory of the Almighty; therefore nothing defiled gains entrance into her. For she is a reflection of eternal light, a spotless mirror of the working of God, . . . Wisdom 7:24-26Part of the requisite wisdom would undoubtedly be knowledge of how to manage funds.12 and 7As we discussed at the beginning of our Acts study, the number of apostles is important. Twelve was the number of Jewish tribes; the twelve apostles represent the remnant of Israel carrying on the faith. What about the number seven? Is there a reason that seven people were selected as leaders of the Jerusalem church?Several ancient cultures, including the Jewish people, used the number seven symbolically, particularly for groups of leaders. The number 70 (or seventy-something) appears frequently as well. For example, in Luke 10:1, Jesus appoints 72 men to preach the good news from town to town. But most importantly, there is a particular Old Testament story that connects with Acts 6. The fact that seven leaders are appointed in response to a complaint by the people of God harkens back to Numbers 11.When the people complained, it displeased the Lord. When the Lord heard it, his anger burned, and so the fire of the Lord burned among them and consumed some of the outer parts of the camp. When the people cried to Moses, he prayed to the Lord, and the fire died out. So he called the name of that place Taberah because there the fire of the Lord burned among them.Now the mixed multitude who were among them craved more desirable foods, and so the Israelites wept again and said, “If only we had meat to eat! We remember the fish we used to eat freely in Egypt, the cucumbers, the melons, the leeks, the onions, and the garlic. But now we are dried up, and there is nothing at all before us except this manna!” . . .Moses heard the people weeping throughout their families, everyone at the door of his tent; and when the anger of the Lord was kindled greatly, Moses was also displeased. And Moses said to the Lord, “Why have you afflicted your servant? Why have I not found favor in your sight, that you lay the burden of this entire people on me? Did I conceive this entire people? Did I give birth to them, that you should say to me, ‘Carry them in your arms, as a foster father bears a nursing child,' to the land that you swore to their fathers? From where shall I get meat to give to this entire people, for they cry to me, ‘Give us meat, that we may eat!' I am not able to bear this entire people alone, because it is too heavy for me! But if you are going to deal with me like this, then kill me immediately. If I have found favor in your sight then do not let me see my trouble.”The Lord said to Moses, “Gather to me seventy men of the elders of Israel, whom you know are elders of the people and officials over them, and bring them to the tent of meeting; let them take their position there with you. Then I will come down and speak with you there, and I will take part of the Spirit that is on you, and will put it on them, and they will bear some of the burden of the people with you, so that you do not bear it all by yourself. Numbers 11:1-16However, we should also consider the possibility that the apostles meant nothing by the number seven. Perhaps they were simply being practical. Consider the study note in the NET Bible:Seven. Jewish town councils often had seven members (Josephus, Ant. 4.18.14 [4.214])In other words, the apostles needed a ruling council and ruling councils generally had seven members. This would be like if we started a company today and appointed a president, a secretary, and a treasurer. Why three officers? Why call them president, secretary, and treasurer? Because that is “how it's done.” We would intend no deeper meaning. Deacons for Them, Deacons for Us? Wait, Deacons?A question churches have wrestled to answer for two thousand years is what constitutes proper church government—or, as is referred to in theological terms, church polity. Central to the discussion of church polity is determining which church “offices” (if any) are ordained by Scripture. Recall my example above in which I mentioned three corporate offices: president, secretary, and treasurer. One can hardly discuss which duties belong to the secretary and which belong to the treasurer until one determines that a company should have a secretary and a treasurer. In the church context, there are three potential offices: bishop, elder (or pastor, or presbyter), and deacon (or servant). (Sometimes a fourth office is considered, that of pastor or teacher from the Greek words poimen and didaskalos. Let's ignore that for now, but I will mention it again at the end of our discussion.) Each of these offices comes from a distinct Greek term. Here is a brief rundown of these terms that I adapted from this handy article.Episkopos. This word episkopos (from which we get Episcopal) is used a total of 5 times in the New Testament, always in reference to someone who has authority to lead in ministry. It is usually translated “overseer” or “bishop.”Presbuteros. The word presbuteros occurs 72 times in the New Testament, and it has a range of meanings. The majority of the time (57 times) it is translated "elder" and means a position of leadership in the church, like a pastor or other member of church leadership. It differs from episkopos in that it also assumes the quality of old age. In fact, the word presbuteros is also translated at times to mean “older man” (10 times) and even once as “older woman.”Diakonos. The word diakonos means “one who serves in ministry” or more generally, “servant.” The word appears 29 times in the New Testament. Of those 29 times, it is translated (by the NASB) as “deacon” three times, as “minister” seven times, and as “servant” 19 times.The most controversial of the three offices is the first: bishop. Bishops are generally understood to be overseers of several pastors (i.e., presbuteros). They are regional leaders. Yet, many Christian denominations believe that each congregation is governmentally independent so there can be no such thing as a leader of multiple congregations. An example of a denomination that recognizes bishops (episkopos) as distinct and superior in rank to elders (presbuteros) is the Catholic church. An example of a denomination that does not recognize bishops is Baptist churches. The main argument made by churches that do not recognize bishops is that the terms episkopos and presbuteros are synonyms—not distinct church offices.You might be wondering: how can Christian churches disagree about something like this? Surely the text of scripture is crystal clear. Alas, languages are tricky and Greek is no exception. Consider Acts 6. Is it a good biblical foundation for the church office of deacon (diakonos)?In Acts 6, the word diakonos does not appear. In verses 1 and 4, a related but different noun appears (diakonia), translated as “distribution” and “ministry” respectively. The verb cognate of diakonos appears in verse 2. It is translated as “to wait” (as in, “to wait on tables”). Yet, one cannot simply assume that the verb points to its noun cognate. In other words, the text may only be referring to the act of service and not to some special office. For example, consider the noun “server” and the verb “to serve” in English. The noun can refer to a particular office (e.g., a restaurant server) while the verb rarely points to such office. (If I say, “I served food at home,” I am not implying that I hold the office of “server” at home.) However, this has not stopped many Christian thinkers, including ancient thinkers such as Irenaeus, Pseudo-Tertullian, Cyprian, and others, from applying this passage to the diaconate.Of course, one could use Acts 6 to argue for a certain church office apart from linguistic evidence. Undoubtedly, the apostles gave the new seven leader some kind of authority in the church. But without the linguistic component to connects Acts 6 with other passages that mention the word diakonos, one has a harder time arguing for a universal church office. Moreover, even the noun form of diakonos most often refers not to a church leader but to servants in other ministry contexts (Christ as minister (Rom 15:8), Paul as minister (2 Cor 11:23; Eph 3:7; Col 1:23, 25), Paul and colleagues (1 Cor 3:5; 2 Cor 3:6; 6:4), Paul's fellow ministers of the gospel (Rom 16:1; Eph 6:21; Col 1:7; 4:7; 1 Tim 4:6)).Where am I headed with this extensive discussion? In regard to Acts 6 particularly, I think the text clearly shows that a church may find itself in need of people to assist with different matters, and the church is right to recognize and appoint such helpers. However, I do not think that Acts 6, at least on its own, can be used to argue for some special, universal church office. In regard to the broader discussion of church polity, I am trying to show that church polity is a difficult topic. Scriptural passages are sometimes used to argue beyond what the text truly conveys. Furthermore, even when arguing in good faith, churches may reasonably reach different conclusions.With that in mind, I would like to explore some of the different ways that churches organize and govern themselves. Before we do that, let's discuss the last two noteworthy points in today's text.Democracy?How are the seven leaders selected? We are not really told, but we are given two important details. The selection was made by the “group.” And, the group “chose” the leaders. The latter fact means that the group did not cast lots or employ another form of chance to identify the leaders. So, how did the “group” make the selection? As modern readers, we assume a democratic vote was taken. That could be the case, but it is by no means a necessary implication of the text. For example, perhaps the elders (i.e., older men) made the choice. As with the discussion of deacons above, Acts 6 allows for only modest conclusions. On one hand, the apostles did not lord their authority over the congregation and left the leadership decision up to the group. On the other hand, we are not told that the church should be organized democratically. In this passage, there is simply not enough data to surmise a non-hierarchical, democratic church government or, for that matter, its opposite. (Perhaps one could reach some of those conclusions by taking the whole counsel of scripture. I am obviously not denying that.)Laying HandsThe people chose the leaders, but the apostles commissioned them by praying and “lay[ing] hands on them.” This recalls the Old Testament scene in Numbers 27.Then the Lord said to Moses, “Go up this mountain of the Abarim range, and see the land I have given to the Israelites. When you have seen it, you will be gathered to your ancestors, as Aaron your brother was gathered to his ancestors. . . .Then Moses spoke to the Lord: “Let the Lord, the God of the spirits of all humankind, appoint a man over the community, who will go out before them, and who will come in before them, and who will lead them out, and who will bring them in, so that the community of the Lord may not be like sheep that have no shepherd.”The Lord replied to Moses, “Take Joshua son of Nun, a man in whom is the Spirit, and lay your hand on him; set him before Eleazar the priest and before the whole community, and commission him publicly. Then you must delegate some of your authority to him, so that the whole community of the Israelites will be obedient. . . .So Moses did as the Lord commanded him; he took Joshua and set him before Eleazar the priest and before the whole community. He laid his hands on him and commissioned him, just as the Lord commanded, by the authority of Moses. Numbers 27:12-22Laying of hands is a form of commissioning, but it also evokes patriarchal blessings and empowerment. After the fall of Jerusalem, Rabbis used laying of hands to ordain their pupils. Unsurprisingly, churches use it today to ordain pastors, priests, bishops, and sometimes deacons. The fullest examples of laying of hands in the New Testament are found in two letters written by Paul.Command and teach these things. Let no one look down on you because you are young, but set an example for the believers in your speech, conduct, love, faithfulness, and purity. Until I come, give attention to the public reading of scripture, to exhortation, to teaching. Do not neglect the spiritual gift you have, given to you and confirmed by prophetic words when the elders laid hands on you. 1 Timothy 4:11-14(As the NET notes explain, the last phrase in the verses quoted above can be translated more literally as, “with the imposition of the hands of the presbytery,” i.e., the council of elders.)Because of this I remind you to rekindle God's gift that you possess through the laying on of my hands. For God did not give us a Spirit of fear but of power and love and self-control. So do not be ashamed of the testimony about our Lord or of me, a prisoner for his sake, but by God's power accept your share of suffering for the gospel. 2 Timothy 1:6-8Notice that inducting members into a position of authority by laying of hands requires there to be someone already in leadership. Otherwise, there would be nobody to perform the laying of hands. This raises a no small question. Is church leadership only valid if it is conveyed by a prior church leader. Must there be a line of succession from Jesus, to the apostles, to whomever the apostles appointed to lead, all the way to your local pastor? As you might imagine, this idea is debated, but (rather surprisingly) most denominations agree that some kind of succession is necessary. I say “some kind” of succession because there is less agreement as to what succession really entails.Modern Denominations' PolityAs I mentioned at the beginning, I want to end today's session on a practical note. I imagine that some of this Bible study's participants may be considering which church to join. One of the questions that seems unfathomable from the outside is how churches are organized. Who is really in charge? How are churches connected, if at all? Below I include a summary of churches' polities adapted from a Gospel Coalition article. This summary is not great, but I will discuss more details during our live session.Eastern Orthodox: Bishops, following in the succession of the apostles, appoint male priests (also known as elders or presbyters) to pastor the people. Deacons serve the material needs of the congregation and play a key role in liturgical life. Synods (teams of bishops) lead the church, not a single bishop or pope.Catholic: Authority rests with the bishops who follow in the succession of the apostles. Bishops are helped by male priests (also known as elders or presbyters) to pastor the people. Deacons serve the material needs of the congregation. The pope, the bishop of Rome, is the key human authority over the church, who is infallible when speaking ex cathedra (from the full seat of authority on issues of faith or morals).Anglican: Anglicanism resembles Catholicism in organizational structure, with an archbishop presiding over other bishops, who preside over priests and deacons in local congregations. The Archbishop of Canterbury is the senior bishop and symbolic head, as a first among equals.Lutheranism: Lutheran Churches can vary between a more episcopal form of government and a more congregational form of government. Lutheran churches in America tend to be more congregational, though with some authority given to synods at different levels.Presbyterian: Local congregations are governed by teams of elders (teaching and ruling elders), who take part in a larger assembly of elders (presbyteries), which take part in an even larger assembly (synod or a general assembly).Methodism: The Methodist system follows the polity of connexionalism, which teaches the importance of connection among believers at various levels. Methodism uses conferences at different levels composed of both elected laypeople and ordained ministers to govern the needs and concerns of local churches up through the entire denomination.Baptist: Baptist churches believe that Christ is the head of the church and that Christ guides every local church through the Spirit living within the members of each church. While Baptists may voluntarily join associations, each individual church is autonomous. Most Baptist churches are congregation-ruled, but some are led by single pastors while others are led by a plurality of elders, selected by church members.Evangelical Free Church: Evangelical Free churches follow a congregational model of church governance.Church of Christ: Churches of Christ are independent congregations with elders, deacons, and ministers leading the congregation. Ministers are understood to serve under the oversight of the elders. While the presence of a long-term professional minister has sometimes created significant de facto ministerial authority"and led to conflict between the minister and the elders, the eldership has remained the ultimate locus of authority in the congregation.Pentecostal: Pentecostal churches are congregationalists. They may be independent congregations or local congregations that associate with other like-minded churches (“cooperative fellowships”). Generally, the congregation selects a minister and a board of deacons. Some Pentecostal churches are adopting an “eldership model” vesting some of the congregation's authority on a group of elders.Non-Denominational Churches: Non-denominational churches will be congregational since they have no commitment to any specific denomination.

Title: “Stephen's Last Sermon: Explanation” Part 1 Text: Acts 7:1-34 FCF: We often struggle admitting the true depth of our need for God to pursue us. Prop: Because man is blind to God, God must call His people, so we must respond when we hear Him call. Scripture Intro: [Slide 1] Turn in your bible to Acts chapter 7. In a moment I'll begin reading a rather large portion of scripture beginning in verse 1 and continuing to verse 53. I'll be reading from the Legacy Standard Bible, but you can follow along in the pew bible starting on page 1236 or in whatever version you prefer. Last week, we saw a man, filled with grace and power from God, doing many signs and wonders in His name. He preached to those whom he knew well. And they did not receive him. Now, this man, Stephen, stands before the highest court in Jerusalem to answer for the crime of blasphemy against Moses and God. Today will be part 1 of Stephen's response to his accusers. He will answer… but it will not be a defense. Please stand with me out of respect for and to focus on the reading of the Word of God. Transition: You may be seated. We have much to get through today. Let us hasten to the text so we can see it all before time slips through our fingers. I.) God alone secures a people for Himself, so we must respond when we hear Him call. (1-8) a. [Slide 2] 1 – And the high priest said, “Are these things so?” i. Beginning with the High Priest's question is a perfect opportunity for us to review exactly what Stephen was being charged with. ii. What are the “things” that may or not be true? iii. Remember that these Hellenistic Jews, desiring to be accepted by the Hebraic Jews, came out against Stephen. However, they were not able to oppose his teachings. So, they resorted to secretly persuading people to accuse Stephen of blaspheming Moses and God. iv. In the trial false witnesses testified that they had heard Stephen frequently blaspheming the holy place or the temple and the law of Moses. v. Specifically, they heard him say that Jesus of Nazareth would destroy the temple and alter the customs handed down from Moess. vi. To us, such statements do not seem blasphemous… but to the Jews during this second temple era, to suggest that someone would destroy the temple and it be a good thing or to alter the customs of Moses and it be a good thing… would have been just that… blasphemous. vii. They held three primary pillars to their faith. The law, The land or Kingdom, and the Temple. Stephen, then, is accused of speaking against two of the three pillars of 1st century Judaism. viii. He is called upon to answer whether or not he has spoken in such a way. ix. Stephen's response both deals with each charge against him, but also doesn't at the same time. x. HIs response addresses the law of Moses, but not in the sense of whether or not he has said that Jesus will alter the customs. Stephen's response addresses the temple, but not in the sense of whether or not he has said that Jesus will destroy it. xi. Stephen essentially uses these charges as a springboard to go back through the history of Israel. xii. In so doing he quotes or alludes to several passages of scripture. Because we do not have the time, nor do we know how much Stephen is quoting, alluding, or paraphrasing, we will pass over these references. You can do the work on your own this week in looking up these passages to which Stephen refers. xiii. There are also several chronological and topological details that seem to contradict what is recorded in the Old Testament. We will not be able to explore these in any detail at all. But suffice it to say, that the easiest way to understand why these contradictions occur is primarily Stephen's telescopic view of Israel's history. He is not going for exact precision. Rather he is picking up key threads along the way. xiv. What are these threads or layers of teaching. 1. First, he reveals a cycle of the people's accepting God's provision while rejecting Him. a. He shows that by Israel rejecting God's chosen deliverers, they are actually rejecting God Himself. b. He shows that these deliverers are prototypes of Jesus of Nazareth whom they are rejecting actively at this very moment. c. He shows that they have kept holy, things that were given by God, while rejecting God Himself because they have rejected His Son, His Messiah, His Ultimate Deliverer. 2. Second, he reveals God's promises and covenants forming a redemptive plan of God that is progressing and therefore, by necessity, changing. 3. Third, he reveals God's presence, provision, glory and worship separate from the law, away from the land of Canaan, and outside the temple. 4. In short, the scope of Stephen's response has nothing to do with his own defense, since he seems to have no intention of ever making it out of this trial alive. Instead, his entire purpose of this sermon is as a prosecutor dismantling the present form of Judaism to reveal a form of godliness that has denied its power. A Judaism that needs reformation. A Judaism that needs a Deliverer – The Son of Man who stands at the right hand of God, Jesus of Nazareth. Stephen is on the attack, not on the defense. xv. I will not endeavor this morning, or in the weeks to follow, to unpack every minute detail in this sermon. To do so, I fear we would be here for many, many weeks. xvi. My aim is to give you the main points of his sermon so the sharpness at the end hits as cleanly as it did the day in which Stephen spoke it. xvii. That said, I still anticipate it taking us a few weeks to get through. xviii. So, without further ado, Stephen's last sermon. b. [Slide 3] 2-3 – And he said, “Hear me, brothers and fathers! The God of glory appeared to our father Abraham when he was in Mesopotamia, before he lived in Haran, 3 and said to him, ‘LEAVE YOUR COUNTRY AND YOUR RELATIVES, AND COME INTO THE LAND THAT I WILL SHOW YOU.' i. Stephen begins at the beginning. He begins with a man called out from the land of Ur. ii. Yes, before Abraham lived in Haran, which is at the Northernmost boundary of the promised land, Abraham lived in Ur. The land that would later be called Babylon. Abraham was from that most depraved land. A land symbolic of the seat of the forces of darkness. iii. Why would Stephen include this detail? iv. Because, even the nation of Israel was not a nation once. Even the nation of Israel would need to be called out of the nations to be made a nation. As a Hellenistic Jewish Christian, such a truth would be quite comforting and equally uncomfortable for the Hebraic Jews. v. Stephen calls God the God of glory. This title is significant in that it is uncommon. Why would he use such a title? 1. First, Stephen is being accused of blasphemy. Such an accusation is immediately answered with a declaration of God being the God of glory. 2. Second, he shows that divorced from the land of Canaan and from the temple, and without a law, God is still the God of glory appearing to Abraham. His glory cannot be contained by national boundaries, God given laws, or walls made with hands. This creates an excellent bookend to his explanation section. We'll get there next week. 3. Where God is – is where we worship Him. God decides where and how He reveals Himself. vi. God called him out of this land, to depart from his family, to go a land that He would show him. c. [Slide 4] 4-5 – Then he left the land of the Chaldeans and settled in Haran. From there, after his father died, God had him move to this country in which you are now living. 5 But He gave him no inheritance in it, not even a foot of ground, and He promised that HE WOULD GIVE IT TO HIM AS A POSSESSION, AND TO HIS SEED AFTER HIM, even when he had no child. i. The story of Abraham is recorded in the book of Genisis over only a few chapters. ii. Stephen only hints at a remarkable truth that we often miss. It was over 40 years after God made these promises to Abraham, that Abraham actually had an heir. iii. In that process, although Abraham nomadically lived in the land that God had promised him, he did not actually own any property. iv. Stephen attempts throughout the sermon to establish ethos with his listeners. He began by calling them brothers and fathers. He uses almost exclusively the first-person plural pronouns to discuss the history of Israel. In this he establishes comradery with his audience. He is one of them. Therefore, it is probably significant any time Stephen deviates from this practice. And before he enters his final appeal to them in verse 51 he only deviates from the 1st person plural pronouns twice. v. We'll see one today and one next week. vi. The first one happens here in verse 4. Stephen said that God had Abraham move to this country in which YOU are now living. 1. It is possible that Stephen does not identify himself as a dweller or inhibiter of this land since he is a Hellenized Jew. 2. Perhaps this is even for his audience's benefit. Perhaps they would take issue with him claiming to be an inhibiter of this land while not being able to speak Aramaic or Hebrew. 3. But more likely, Stephen by excluding himself is actually excluding them. By saying that they inhabit or dwell in the land, he suggests that they do so without legal right. Since the land is one of the pillars of their faith, it would be a subtle way to hint at what his entire sermon shows. That though they have the land, they are interlopers and have no right to it. Why? Because they have rejected this land's King. What do you call someone who possesses the King's land but does not bow to the King? Invaders, pretenders, traitors, insurrectionists, or… in the case of faith… blasphemers. 4. The tables are officially turned. vii. But let's proceed. He has much more to say. d. [Slide 5] 6-7 – But God spoke in this way, that his ‘SEED WOULD BE SOJOURNERS IN A FOREIGN LAND, AND THAT THEY WOULD BE ENSLAVED AND MISTREATED FOR FOUR HUNDRED YEARS. 7 AND I MYSELF WILL JUDGE THE NATION TO WHICH THEY WILL BE ENSLAVED' said God, ‘AND AFTER THAT THEY WILL COME OUT AND SERVE ME IN THIS PLACE.' i. As a part of God's plan to bring Abraham's seed to this land and give it to them, they would first be enslaved in a foreign nation. ii. This slavery would take 400 years to complete. iii. God promises to judge the nation who does this to them and to bring them out to serve Him in the land that He will give to Abraham. iv. Again, God promises this is all before Abraham has an heir and before he owns any land in Canaan. e. [Slide 6] 8 – And He gave him the covenant of circumcision; and so, Abraham was the father of Isaac, and circumcised him on the eighth day; and Isaac was the father of Jacob, and Jacob of the twelve patriarchs. i. So even though Abraham did not have any land that God had promised him, even though his descendants would be enslaved to a foreign nation for 400 years, even though there was no temple and no law, God still gave to him a covenant. ii. A covenant that was concerning far more than land, law, temples and nations. A covenant of abiding favor and relationship. A covenant remembered through a sign. A covenant that in Abraham all the nations of the earth will be blessed. iii. Does God need a temple, land or a law to establish a relationship with His people? The answer, of course, is no. iv. Nevertheless, the law and the temple came about. What does that mean? v. It means that God's redemptive plan progressed and therefore, by necessity, changed. Not in substance but in form. God's relationship with His people still depended on a one-sided covenant. But the form of that relationship would not always be the same. vi. For Abraham, it was the sign of circumcision and the hope of a nation brought through slavery to a land promised to him many years before. It required nothing from Abraham. He simply trusted that the Lord would do all of this in His timing and by His power. f. [Slide 7] Summary of the Point: God is the one pursuing His people my friends. He comes for them. There is no land, no nation, no religious temple tying Him down. He will come and take for Himself a nation from the nations. He will call unto Himself a people. He will not forget them! He will not abandon them! Nor will He fail to keep His promises to them. Their relationship may not always take the same form – but it will always have the same substance. And what is that substance? That God alone will do everything necessary to secure a bride for His Son. He will do all that is required to preserve a remnant. He will call and save and purify and keep and glorify His people. And He doesn't need anybody or anything to help Him. He has done this through His own will, power, mercy, and grace. And He has done this through His Son, the Righteous One. Transition: [Slide 8(blank)] With such assurances that God will do as He has promised to do and secure for Himself a people, we might expect the people of Israel to have always believed and trusted God to do as He said He would. Of course, you and I both know that this wasn't the case. Stephen goes here next. II.) Men are unable to discern God's provision, so we must respond when we hear Him call. (9-36) a. [Slide 9] 9-10 – And the patriarchs, becoming jealous of Joseph, sold him into Egypt. Yet God was with him, 10 and rescued him from all his afflictions, and granted him favor and wisdom in the sight of Pharaoh, king of Egypt, and he appointed him governor over Egypt and all his household. i. But in the process of God's promises coming to fruition, we see even the patriarchs act in opposition to it. ii. They reject and sell into slavery one of the Lord's promised descendants of Abraham. How appalling. How counter to God's promise and plan! How demonic! iii. And why do they do this? It was out of jealousy. How interesting that Luke just recently commented on the motivations of the Sanhedrin council to act against the apostles. Do you remember what their motivation was? Was it not jealousy? And what was the endgame of the jealousy of the patriarchs? Was it not to return to a time before Joseph's existence? Was it not to be rid of him and go back to when there were only the brothers of Leah and none of Rachel? Was not the jealousy of the Sanhedrin to preserve the former form of Judaism, prior to the advent of their Messiah? iv. An interesting correlation is being made here. Although Abraham left all he knew to follow the Lord and do as He commanded – his descendants consistently resisted God's leading and desired to go back to what they had always known. v. So, they sell him and send him to Egypt. He is, in their minds, dead. vi. Yet, God was with him. vii. These five words overcome the world my friends. viii. No matter what opposes the Lord's anointed – these five words will undo it all. ix. God being with Joseph, though he was separated from the rest of the covenant people, though he was sent to a foreign land, though he was surrounded by pagans – God was with HIM. x. And because God was with HIM, out of the land of Cannan, under foreign power, he still prospered. He was saved from his afflictions, granted favor in the sight of Pharoah and given a position of prominence and leadership. b. [Slide 10] 11-16 – Now a famine came over all Egypt and Canaan, and great affliction with it, and our fathers could find no food. 12 But when Jacob heard that there was grain in Egypt, he sent our fathers there the first time. 13 And on the second visit Joseph made himself known to his brothers, and Joseph's family was disclosed to Pharaoh. 14 Then Joseph sent word and invited Jacob his father and all his relatives to come to him, seventy-five persons in all. 15 And Jacob went down to Egypt and there he and our fathers died. 16 And from there they were removed to Shechem and placed in the tomb which Abraham had purchased for a sum of money from the sons of Hamor in Shechem. i. And so, the promise of God takes another step toward fulfillment. ii. The people of God go to a foreign land to sojourn there in the midst of great need. iii. God uses the sinful jealousy of the patriarchs to ensure the success and stability of His people. iv. Notice the details that Stephen includes. He has in this section mushed together the stories of Jacob and his son's burial plots, which are not the same place. Almost breezing over this detail. v. But in the same space, he has made sure to include the detail that at the first visit to Joseph, his brothers did not recognize him. On the second visit he was made known to them, raised from the dead as it were. And he invited his family to join them. vi. Jesus was not recognized at first, He was revealed to His disciples through his resurrection from the dead, and now has sent for His people to come to Him. vii. And notice that though all the patriarchs died in the land of Egypt, their remains, their bones, were brought back to the only place Abraham owned in the land of Canaan. viii. Even death cannot separate the promises of God from those to whom He has promised them. ix. They died without a temple. They died without a law. They died outside of the land of Canaan. Yet God's faithfulness remained. c. [Slide 11] 17-18 – But as the time of the promise was drawing near which God had assured to Abraham, the people increased and multiplied in Egypt, 18 until ANOTHER KING AROSE OVER EGYPT WHO DID NOT KNOW ABOUT JOSEPH. i. Notice that God while suffering His people to be enslaved in a foreign land for a period of 400 years, he also grew them, multiplying them upon themselves. ii. They lived in Egypt until a time when another King, another Pharoah did not know… or appreciate Joseph or his people. d. [Slide 12] 19-22 – It was he who deceitfully took advantage of our family and mistreated our fathers to set their infants outside so that they would not survive. 20 It was at this time that Moses was born, and he was lovely in the sight of God, and he was nurtured three months in his father's home. 21 And after he had been set outside, Pharoah's daughter took him away and nurtured him as her own son. 22 And Moses was educated in all the wisdom of the Egyptians, and he was powerful in words and deeds. i. This King acting maliciously, though not outside the promise of God, did attempt to subdue the superior numbers of the Hebrews. ii. So, he ordered the exposure unto death of all sons born to Hebrew women. iii. During this dark time, Moses was born. iv. And he was lovely in the sight of God. v. The word used here is beauty in breeding. We have an expression “He is from good stock” meaning his heritage or lineage was good. vi. And so for him to be of good stock in the eyes of God, is to see that he is chosen of God. He is graced or favored of God. vii. Again, we must pause to marvel at the favor of God. “Yet God was with him” were the words about Joseph. Similar words are spoken here of Moses. “he was lovely in the sight of God” viii. Because of the favor given to him by God, he was nurtured three months and left exposed, only to be drawn out of the water by the Pharoah's daughter and raised as an Egyptian prince. ix. Another rags to riches story, where God brought something that was nothing to be a deliverer of His people. x. He was educated in the wisdom of his day and powerful in word and deed. Much like another young man raised in a place that was not his home, by a family comprised of his enemies. e. [Slide 13] 23-25 – But when he was approaching the age of forty, it entered into his heart to visit his brothers, the sons of Israel. 24 And when he saw one of them being treated unjustly, he defended him and took justice for the oppressed by striking down the Egyptian. 25 And he supposed that his brothers understood that God was granting them salvation through him, but they did not understand. i. At the age of 40, it entered into his heart – a humble way of saying that the Lord led him– that he go and visit his people. ii. How did Egypt treat his countrymen? How did they fare? iii. Not well. They were indeed oppressed. They were indeed unjustly treated. iv. He, as a righteous judge, as a ruler, he bears the sword in justice to punish the guilty and exonerate the innocent. v. Perhaps his people would see this and know that he was God's means to deliver them. vi. This little comment about Moses' suppositions is not found anywhere in the Old Testament. What is clear is that this is Stephen's editorial comment. He is drawing a parallel. vii. Moses thought that his brothers would see his justice as proof that he was God's chosen man to deliver them from their oppression. He assumed they would understand viii. But no… they did not understand. Just as Joseph's brothers did not recognize him, so the people did not follow Moses. ix. The comparison to Christ and the resistance of the Jewish leaders to follow Him… is quite obvious. f. [Slide 14] 26-29 – On the following day he appeared to them as they were fighting together, and he tried to reconcile them in peace, saying, ‘Men, you are brothers, why are you treating one another unjustly?' 27 But the one who was treating his neighbor unjustly pushed him away, saying, ‘WHO MADE YOU A RULER AND JUDGE OVER US? 28 DO YOU INTEND TO KILL ME AS YOU KILLED THE EGYPTIAN YESTERDAY?' 29 At this remark, MOSES FLED AND BECAME A SOJOURNER IN THE LAND OF MIDIAN, where he was the father of two sons. i. They were unconcerned about justice. ii. They had not clung to the promise of God. iii. They squabbled among each other. They did unjustly to one another. iv. And when God's anointed came to encourage them to live uprightly, they scoff at his seemingly self-appointed title of ruler and judge. v. They question his justice and wonder if the power had gone to his head. Will he dole out justice on them also? vi. And like Joseph, Moses too is cast aside. He is rejected. vii. This theme of Hebrews fighting one another to the extent that they do not recognize their ruler and deliverer… again the comparison is too obvious to miss. They have done it all again and to a much larger degree with Jesus of Nazareth. Their own Messiah. g. [Slide 15] 30-34 – And after forty years had passed, AN ANGEL APPEARED TO HIM IN THE WILDERNESS OF MOUNT SINAI, IN THE FLAME OF A BURNING BUSH. 31 When Moses saw it, he was marveling at the sight; and as he approached to look more closely, there came the voice of the Lord: 32 ‘I AM THE GOD OF YOUR FATHERS, THE GOD OF ABRAHAM AND ISAAC AND JACOB.' Moses trembled with fear and would not dare to look. 33 BUT THE LORD SAID TO HIM, ‘REMOVE THE SANDALS FROM YOUR FEET, FOR THE PLACE ON WHICH YOU ARE STANDING IS HOLY GROUND. 34 I HAVE SURELY SEEN THE OPPRESSION OF MY PEOPLE IN EGYPT AND HAVE HEARD THEIR GROANS, AND I HAVE COME DOWN TO DELIVER THEM; COME NOW, AND I WILL SEND YOU TO EGYPT. i. The number 40 returns. ii. 40 years Abraham waited from promise to Isaac's birth. 40 years he waited for the smallest provision of a promise God made and even still no land was his. iii. Now with Moses, 40 years had passed between when he was in his youth, in his prime, a man of powerful word and deed, able to save his people, a man whom God considered lovely in His sight… iv. 40 years he waited in exile… before the Lord spoke to him… for the first time. v. He is approached by an angel. An angel who is God. God who speaks from a bush that although burning is never consumed. vi. He tells Moses to take off his shoes for he is on holy ground. vii. Notice that Holy ground is where God is, not where God must dwell. Wherever God is, is Holy Ground. It is not holy therefore He appears there, but it is holy by nature of Him being there. viii. God tells Moses that it is time for him to go to Egypt and deliver His people. ix. Moses, who is no longer powerful in word and deed – Moses, who is just as much Midian as he is Egyptian, Moses, who was rejected by his own people as a ruler and judge - God has chosen to go and deliver them from the oppression of the Egyptians. h. [Slide 16] Summary of the Point: As an unfortunate corollary to the previous point, although God acts alone, without law, land, or temple, to secure, save, keep, and glorify His people – men are blind and ignorant to His power and provision to save them. Joseph's brothers not only despised and rejected him, but they did not know him until he revealed himself to them. Moses was rejected by his people though chosen of God to deliver them from their oppression. Without land, without law, and without temple, His people were completely separated from Him and unable to clearly see His chosen savior. The rich man begged Abraham to send Lazarus to his five brothers to warn them about the torment of hades. But Abraham said that even if someone would rise from the dead to tell them, they would not believe. My friends, God has given men the greatest provision of all. His Son, crushed for the sins of His people and raised the third day. Nevertheless, unless He reveals Himself, none will believe. God alone will pursue His people, and it must be this way, for man's heart is incurably wicked. No man seeks after God. And would a risen Christ stand before them, would eye-witnesses of the risen Christ stand before them – they will not believe. Woe to men who cannot see what is so plain before them. They do not need a law, a land, or a temple… They need the Lord of glory to open their eyes. Conclusion: Even though this is only half of Stephen's sermon, what doctrinal takeaway can we draw from what he's said so far? What have we learned and how then shall we live? Doctrinal Takeaway: [Slide 17] With or without temple, law or land, mankind is desperately blinded to God and His purposes. As God intervenes, as He intercedes, as He sends deliverer after deliverer, and even the ultimate deliverer, His Son, man still is blind, ignorant, deaf and dumb. We are described as dead in sins. We are described as untilled soil. We are described as children of wrath and of our Father the devil. Stephen's audience needed to understand exactly this about themselves. That though they had the law, the temple, and the land – they were nothing more than interlopers. They were pretenders. They were blind men claiming they had sight. Dead men dressed in glorious robes perfumed with delightful scents. They were lost pretending as though they knew the way home. It was not their law, or their land, or their temple that was special. No. It was their God. The Glorious One. Who from ages to ages is the same. He is the great pursuer of His people. He promises and keeps His promises. He pursues each of His dear children. And His Son, the righteous One, Jesus of Nazareth is the final step in His pursuit of His people. His Son said “I will lose not one of the sheep that my Father has given me and my sheep hear my voice.” As deflating as it is to hear that men are so far from God – how delightful it is to know that God pursues us. So, if God has revealed Himself to you today – you must place your trust in Him. For He pursues His own my friends and His own hear His voice. Since Stephen's sermon is not complete as of yet, let us refrain from attempting to improve upon this point until next week. Let us just carry with us this week this truth: that in spite of our blindness to the truth, God pursues and reveals Himself to His people. He shows light to those who live in darkness. And while we were sinners He died for us. If you hear His voice, you are His sheep. Follow your shepherd. [Slide 18 (end)] Let me close with a prayer from the church father Methodius of Olympia Through him who sits on your throne, and who cannot be separated from your divine nature, you have given us the gift of reconciliation. You have granted us access to you, with confidence. True and all-powerful God, you recognize no other authority. And you have given these justifying gifts of grace as certain and unquestionable rights to those who have received mercy. This is what Isaiah meant when he said that "the Angel of his Presence saved them. In his love and compassion he redeemed them; he lifted them up and carried them all the days of old" (Isaiah 63:9). But all this was not due to any righteous works on our part, or because we loved you. Our forefather Adam turned away from your commands, was judged unworthy of that life-giving place, and from then on the offspring of sin has been so weak. But you, Lord, by yourself and because of the indescribable love you had toward your creation, you have confirmed your mercy to us. You felt sorry for this separation from you. You were moved by the sight of our degradation, and you took us into compassion. Now a joyous festival is established for us, Adam's race, because the first creator of Adam has freely become the second Adam. And the brightness of our Lord God has come down to live with us, and we are saved. We have seen your salvation, Lord. Let us be delivered from the bent yoke of the law. We have seen the eternal King, who has no successors. Let us be free from this burdensome chain of slavery. We have seen him who is by nature our Lord and deliverer, so let us receive his deliverance decree. Set us free from the yoke of condemnation, and place us under the yoke of justification. Deliver us from the yoke of the curse, from the law that kills, and enroll us in the blessed company of those who, by the grace of your dear Son, who is of equal glory and power with you, have been received into adoption as your children. In Jesus name we pray… Amen! [Benediction] Jude 24-25 “Now to Him who is able to keep you from stumbling, and to make you stand in the presence of His glory blameless with great joy, to the only God our Savior, through Jesus Christ our Lord, be glory, majesty, might, and authority, before all time and now and forevermore. Amen.” Until we meet again; go in peace.

Title: Our Shepherd Text: Acts 6:8-15 FCF: We often struggle enduring in obedience. Prop: Because God shepherds us through His purposes, we must faithfully obey the Lord. Scripture Intro: LSB [Slide 1] Turn in your bible to Acts chapter 6. In a moment I'll read from the LSB starting in verse 8. You can follow along in the pew bible on page 1236 or in whatever version you prefer. Last week, we saw how the church faced an internal problem that could have shattered it in its infancy. Instead, the Lord called and equipped leaders to wisely delegate responsibility in order to serve the body in multiple capacities. Luke shows that God is continuing to provide for and guide His church through the many perils it will face. And we saw that God continues to do that for us as well. Today, we'll only just start to see another showdown that the early church will have with the Jewish leaders in Jerusalem. We've seen Peter and John and the rest of the apostles stand before the Sanhedrin to preach the gospel. So far, the Jewish leaders were in the minority for viewing the church as a danger to the rest of Judaism. The church viewed itself as the next step in the Redemptive plan of God for His people. And the people of Jerusalem looked on the church with favor. But today, the tide will begin to turn. In this, we will see our God continue to guide and shepherd His church. Please stand with me out of respect for and to focus on the reading of the Word of God. Transition: [Slide 2] 1 The LORD is my shepherd; I shall not want. 2 He makes me lie down in green pastures. He leads me beside still waters. 3 He restores my soul. He leads me in paths of righteousness for his name's sake. 4 Even though I walk through the valley of the shadow of death, I will fear no evil, for you are with me; your rod and your staff, they comfort me. 5 You prepare a table before me in the presence of my enemies; you anoint my head with oil; my cup overflows. 6 Surely goodness and mercy shall follow me all the days of my life, and I shall dwell in the house of the LORD forever. [1] Why did I just read Psalm 23? Today, we will see the Lord be this Shepherd to a man named Stephen. He will do all He promised in this psalm. And He will do the same for His church. Let's look. I.) God equips His people to do what He has called them to do, so we must faithfully obey the Lord. (8-10) a. [Slide 3] 8 – And Stephen, full of grace and power, was doing great wonders and signs among the people. i. Chronology in the book of Acts is a difficult thing to nail down at times. ii. We know that Jesus was probably crucified around AD 29-30. 40 days later he ascended and 10 days after that was the celebration of Pentecost in which the apostles were filled with the Spirit. iii. Since that event, we haven't had any real chronological markers. iv. We assume that things are happening in fairly quick succession. v. But the nearest marker we have is that we know the persecutions of Saul probably occurred somewhere between AD 33 and AD 35. That means that from the ascension of Christ to Acts chapter 8, it spans around 5 years. vi. It is difficult to know where to insert a large portion of time like this in what we've seen thus far, given the fact that every narrative chunk seems to flow from the previous. vii. To me, it seems like we could have a significant amount of time between verse 6 and verse 8. viii. In verse 7, the church grows again. This is not necessarily an indicator of time elapsing nor is many priests coming to Christ. ix. But when we arrive in verse 8 we see Stephen, who was appointed as a Deacon, now inheriting gifts that were formerly only associated with the apostles. x. Up to this point in the book of Acts, the only people who have done signs and wonders have been the apostles. It would be natural for us to assume or conclude that Stephen is no longer solely caring for the daily provision of food for widows. His role has expanded or even, perhaps, changed altogether. xi. Not that he has become an apostle. No where do we see him referred to as such, nor do we see much evidence in the book of Acts for an expansion or succession of the apostolic office. But perhaps he has moved on to a prophetic or Elder office in the church. xii. This leads us to conclude that some time has elapsed since the appointment of the first Deacons and this narrative concerning Stephen. xiii. Notice also the source of Stephen's doing great signs and wonders. Grace and power filled him. xiv. Grace especially is not something that can be earned, bought, achieved or won. Grace must be given by God specifically. Power too is something that must be gifted. Indeed, all things are gifts from God. We have nothing that He has not given us. xv. Stephen is not performing these signs and wonders because he can in and of himself. He is doing so by the power and grace of God. b. [Slide 4] 9 – But some men from what was called the Synagogue of the Freedmen, i. So, let's pause and ask… what is the Synagogue of the Freedmen? ii. Synagogues are places of teaching and worship that continued to be used even after the temple was rebuilt and later refurbished by Herod. They allowed Jews dispersed around the world to continue to learn and worship God and practice their Jewish faith. iii. Freedmen, would have been former slaves who had either earned or been granted their freedom. iv. Given the specialization here of a synagogue of Freedmen, it probably denotes a group of people who ither were not welcomed at other synagogues around Jerusalem. v. What follows gives us a clue as why these folks might not be welcome in other Synagogues around Jerusalem. c. [Slide 5] including both Cyrenians and Alexandrians, and some from Cilicia and Asia, rose up and were arguing with Stephen. i. Cyrene and Alexandria are areas in Northern Africa on the coast of the Mediterranean. Cilicia is located in Modern Turkey on the coast of the Mediterranean just North East of the island of Cyprus. Asia in the scriptures always refers to the Roman province of Asia, which comprises the western third of modern-day Turkey. ii. But how many people groups were represented in this Synagogue? The argument could be made that all four are part of this synagogue of the freedmen, or none of them are, or some combination. The LSB favors the Cyrenians and Alexandrians being part of the Synagogue of the Freedmen, but the other two are simply other people groups that join the argument against Stephen. I personally see all these groups as part of this Synagogue. iii. But , no matter what we conclude the irony is inescapable. iv. These men who argue with Stephen, are either Hellenized Jews, or Jewish proselytes. v. Why is that ironic? vi. Stephen, himself, was a Hellenized Jew. He was a man who had lost his Hebrew heritage and could not speak Aramaic or Hebrew. He only spoke Greek. vii. The unity of the church between Hebraic and Hellenistic Jews is now superseding even the unity among matching racial factions. Stephen has greater unity and acceptance among Hebraic Jewish Christians than he does with Hellenistic Jews. viii. But what led to the altercation between them? There are no doubt two factors here that we can point to. 1. Jews who were dispersed from Israel, born in a foreign land, Hellenized, but have chosen to return to Jerusalem to live, would have been Jews particularly zealous for the law. a. They no doubt would have been quite motivated to return to their roots. b. Perhaps they were trying to learn Hebrew and Aramaic. Perhaps they were attempting to un Hellenize themselves. c. This certainly would have caused a rift to form between Stephen and these Jews, since Stephen remains a Hellenized Jew and a part of the Nazarian sect too. 2. Second, because Stephen was a Hellenistic Jew, he would go to these kinds of synagogues to teach and expound the scriptures to these folks. This would explain how this altercation came about and it would explain the ferocious extent of their attempt to destroy Stephen, more on that as we go along. ix. At first, these men merely attempt to refute Stephen's beliefs… d. [Slide 6] 10 - But they were unable to oppose the wisdom and the Spirit by whom he was speaking. i. Once again, the power and wisdom of Stephen is not what is on display here. ii. God is at work in this entire situation. iii. Jesus said, “Now when they bring you before the synagogues and the rulers and the authorities, do not worry about how or what you are to speak in your defense, or what you are to say, for the Holy Spirit will teach you in that very hour what you ought to say.” Luke 12:11-12 and in Luke 21:15 He said, “I will give you a mouth and wisdom which none of your opponents will be able to resist or refute.” iv. Here we see Stephen, a man full of faith and the Spirit, a man full of wisdom, a man full of grace and power, a man supernaturally prepared… v. He is able to leave them absolutely speechless. vi. They couldn't refute his teaching. No matter how devoted to the law and the teachings of the scribes they were… his explanation of the scriptures was without flaw. e. [Slide 7] Summary of the Point: God always supernaturally equips and prepares His people to do what He has called them to do. Here we see a man, who was already full of faith, with a strong testimony of the Spirit's indwelling, and filled with godly wisdom, expend himself in the operation of the spread of the gospel in Jerusalem. While the apostles continued their work in the temple, Stephen goes forward with compassion and mercy to share the gospel to those who were not Hebraic Jews. But as well as Stephen does to stand firm in the truth, Luke makes it abundantly clear that God is the one who had equipped Him for this work. God always does this for His people. We can trust that no matter what God is calling us to do for Him… He will supply what we need to do what He has commissioned us to do. Transition: [Slide 8(blank)] So, if God has equipped Stephen to take the gospel to these people and refute their arguments, that must mean that we are about to see another Pentecost experience, right? II.) God will vindicate His people but not necessarily in this life, so we must faithfully obey the Lord. (11-15) a. [Slide 9] 11 – Then they secretly induced men to say, i. What do you do when you can't beat your opponent? ii. Cheat. iii. They began to induce, instigate, or persuade men… but not openly. Not overtly. iv. Through whispers and back alley deals they gathered men who would oppose Stephen. v. What might they convince these thugs to say that would defeat Stephen? b. [Slide 10] “We have heard him speak blasphemous words against Moses and God.” i. It is important for us to note the progression in the story here. ii. There are really only two crimes of which these men have been persuaded to accuse Stephen. iii. And they are summarized in this brief statement. But as we go forward, we will see them testify before the Sanhedrin. What we must understand is that these are not additional charges but rather further expressions of these same crimes mentioned right here in verse 11. iv. Blasphemy against Moses or against the law of Moses would be treated as blasphemy. To attack what God had given as His law would be to blaspheme God indirectly. v. But they also accuse Stephen of blaspheming God directly too. We'll see how specifically in a few moments. vi. Blasphemy is a crime punishable by stoning. It is a very serious crime if proven true. vii. In other words, these men were persuaded secretly to spread a lie that could see the man they were to lie about… put to death. viii. Knowing that these men were particularly zealous to return to the Jewish roots, their hatred for Stephen and the Nazarian sect was no doubt a development of and a response to the Sanhedrin's dealings with the apostles. This group wants to appear to the Sanhedrin, that although they are Hellenized, they desire not to be. ix. But this was not all they did. It wasn't enough to have men lie about him, saying he was blaspheming. c. [Slide 11] 12 – And they stirred up the people, the elders, and the scribes, i. They also incited a mob. ii. No doubt using the testimony of these men persuaded secretly, they encouraged the people, the elders, and the experts in the law, to come out against Stephen. iii. This is another reason that this narrative portion seems later in time than what we have covered thus far. The people seemed to be generally in favor of the apostles and the teaching of the Nazarian sect up to this point. All of a sudden, things are beginning to change. iv. There are a lot of layers to this that Luke does not provide for us. So, we must pay close attention to the details he has provided. They are the key. v. Remember, Jewish priests were beginning to convert to this new sect. vi. Hellenized Jews and Hebraic Jews are allowing their differences to coexist while they love each other. vii. We might see these people's actions as extreme, and indeed they are, but when we realize that the perception of this Jesus movement is shifting, we recognize that even the people are starting to believe that this Nazarian sect may not be a sect at all… but rather… a schism. viii. That instead of this being another party or denomination of Judaism – this may actually be a dangerous and false teaching. ix. It would be the difference between comparing a Baptist Church to a Wesleyan church and comparing a Baptist Church to the Mormon Church. In the first comparison, we see a Wesleyan church as generally our brothers but not agreeing on enough points to be part of the same local body. But in the second comparison, Mormons teach a heretical doctrine and do not conform to the foundational creeds of the Christian church. Therefore, they are not even Christians. x. Up to this point the Jews in Jerusalem and even the Jewish Christians themselves saw this Jesus movement to be like the Baptist/Wesleyan comparison. But the tide is turning. Perception is changing. xi. My friends, the lies these Hellenistic Jews drew up about Stephen, were hitting a little too close to home. It played upon the growing fears of the Jews in Jerusalem. xii. The growing sentiment in Jerusalem was that the Sanhedrin was right. This WAS a dangerous teaching. And the name of Jesus WAS something quite different than Judaism. xiii. Even though the church enjoyed the relative favor of the people for a time… Luke shows us that such favor was never guaranteed to continue. d. [Slide 12] And they came up to him, dragged him away, and brought him to the Sanhedrin. i. Since these were serious fears and serious charges, the only place they could take him would be to the Sanhedrin. ii. They could not take him to the Roman authorities, for they would care very little about the crime of blasphemy. iii. But since this is a trial before a Jewish court, there must be 2 or three witnesses to accuse someone of a crime that would result in the death penalty. iv. Not to worry, our very zealous Hellenistic Jews are at it again. e. [Slide 13] 13-14 – And they put forward false witnesses who said, “This man never ceases speaking words against this holy place and the law; 14 for we have heard him say that this Jesus the Nazarene will destroy this place and alter the customs which Moses handed down to us.” i. We must pay particular attention to the nature of their charges against Stephen. They will help us to understand Stephen's response next week. ii. The governing accusation they submitted was blasphemy against Moses and God. iii. Specifically, he would not stop speaking against the holy place and the law. So, the blasphemy against God is against His dwelling place, ie the temple. Blasphemy against Moses is against the law of Moses. iv. But this narrows still further. 1. Blasphemy against God – speaking against the temple – is attributed to Stephen saying that Jesus would destroy the temple. 2. Blasphemy against Moses – speaking against the law – is attributed to altering customs which were handed down from Moses. v. Already we are starting to see that calling this blasphemy is a bit of a stretch. It is the final two accusations to which Stephen will reply. vi. But isn't there a kernel of truth in what they said? vii. It is difficult to know why exactly these witnesses were “false.” viii. Jesus Himself said, tear this temple down and in three days I will rebuild it. Of course, He did not say that HE would tear it down, and he was talking about His body and His resurrection. ix. And Jesus had also prophesied about the future destruction of the temple in AD 70. An event still future even to Luke as he penned this book. x. And we know that Christians did eventually begin to alter the customs handed down from Moses, especially for gentile believers. xi. We see Gentiles and Jews not being obligated to maintain dietary laws. And gentiles are not obligated to bear the sign of the Abrahamic covenant. xii. We know that Jesus Himself said that He had come to fulfill the law. xiii. Jesus also told the Samaritan woman that there would come a day where people would worship God not on their mountain or in Jerusalem but in Spirit and truth. They will worship God through His Messiah. Him. xiv. Meaning that even the temple would lose its significance as the center of the worship of Yahweh. xv. All this, of course, does not mean that the law was null and void or that the temple should be burned. Rather it meant that Jesus perfectly obeyed the whole law and became a new representative for His people. Giving them His righteousness. And in that, the sacrifices, which never truly took away sin, and which only pictured the final sacrifice of Christ, would eventually become unnecessary. xvi. So, we see that what these men testified about what Stephen had said, could have some truth to it. xvii. If so, why would Luke call them false witnesses? xviii. Most likely because they are misrepresenting the meaning of what Stephen said. As we already mentioned, Jesus never said HE would destroy the temple, but merely that it would be destroyed or if it was destroyed, He would raise it again. Jesus does not alter the law of Moses, but He does fulfill it, rendering portions of it complete and therefore expired. xix. So as an act of Jewish zealousness these men persuaded people to accuse Stephen of blasphemy, gathered a mob to drag him to a trial, and found false witnesses to twist his words to paint him in the worst light – all to charge him with a crime that requires his execution. xx. Wow. That is some cold-hearted hatred there. xxi. It appears that the Jews whom Isaiah prophesied about in Isaiah 59, are still the same. There he said “Their feet run to evil, and they are quick to shed innocent blood;” Indeed, two sins the Lord hates in Proverbs 6:17 is a lying tongue and hands that shed innocent blood. Here, these Jews have both. f. [Slide 14] 15 – And fixing their gaze on him, all who were seated in the Sanhedrin saw his face like the face of an angel. i. It is difficult to know what to make of this comment by Luke. ii. What we struggle to understand is why they were gazing at him and what it means that he had the face of an angel. iii. If his face shown like an angelic being then we might know why they were gazing at him. However, it seems that they were gazing at him first. iv. Perhaps they were looking for some body language or facial feedback from him as the testimony against him mounted? v. As for the face of an angel, it seems best to understand this in the mystical way. vi. Some have tried to say that his face was innocent looking or that he was young or handsome or powerful… but it seems best to conclude that his face was glowing – much like Moses' face. vii. Such a tie to Moses could subtly suggest that rather than blaspheming the law of Moses, he was the only faithful interpreter of the law in the room that day. viii. It is God's testimony in the case against Stephen, that he was innocent and his judges were guilty. g. [Slide 15] Summary of the Point: As a contrasting point to our previous point, although God does equip His dear children to face all that He has called them to do on this earth, that does not mean that men will favor us. No, the second truth we see is that God will ultimately vindicate His children, even if or when they are criminalized, ostracized, villainized, or demonized by men. God will clothe the bride of His Son with white robes which are their righteous deeds. One day all the world will know the righteousness of His people. Not a righteousness they have of their own, but one that has been gifted to them by the merits of Christ. Though men call us guilty – For the sake of Christ, God has declared us innocent. Though men shame us – For the sake of Christ, God has exalted us. Though men strip us of power – For the sake of Christ, God will glorify us to reign with His Son. Transition: Conclusion: So, CBC, what have we learned today and how shall we live? What doctrinal takeaway can we arrive at today? Doctrinal Takeaway: [Slide 16] God is a shepherd who looks after His people. He walks with them to still water. He guides them with His staff. He sets out a table before their enemies. God is a God who leads His children through the valley of the shadow of death. No matter what God has called us to do, no matter what command He has given, and no matter what danger He leads us into, He is there with us for every single step. Even when everyone else abandons us. Even when others hate us. God will deliver us safely into His Kingdom where we will be honored and rewarded for our obedience. What does this mean for us? It means, Christian, that we have no excuse for not obeying our Lord, wherever He may lead us. We must faithfully obey the Lord in all that He has commanded, and follow Him wherever He may lead. But let us improve on this point with more specific applications for our daily life. 1.) [Slide 17] Refutation: “What lies must we cast down” or “What do we naturally believe, or have been taught to believe, that this passage shows is false?” I actually have two of these this week. First, we must deny that Stephen was some sort of special super-Christian naturally capable of this task. a. In this text we see Stephen performing signs and wonders. We see his teachings of Christ holding up against the strictest scrutiny. We see him accused of blasphemy, dragged to court, and falsely accused. b. In all of this we might be tempted to look at Stephen with deep admiration. We might be tempted to see Stephen as a special person in the history of the church. A super-Christian worthy of our applause. c. But my friends, Luke bends over backward here to make sure we don't do such things. d. I'd like to think that Stephen, if we were able to talk to him today, would rebuke us for thinking such things. e. My friends, Stephen was filled with grace and power. He was indwelled by the Spirit. He was full of faith. He was full of wisdom. And He was given an angelic face. f. What is the common thread of all of these traits? g. Is it not that God had gifted them to Him? h. My friends, the hero of this story is not Stephen. Stephen is just a man. A follower of Christ. Just like you and I. i. He was a man called to bear witness to Christ. Like you and I. j. He was a man called to have an answer for the faith in Him. Just like you and I. k. Stephen isn't special. Stephen isn't significant. l. Stephen's Savior… is. 2.) [Slide 18] Refutation: Secondly, we must deny that God giving us grace and power means that we will be spared from deep pain and tribulation on this earth. a. Although God gave Stephen grace and power, and although God transfigured Stephen's face to shine like Moses' face. b. God did not spare Stephen the hardship of being falsely accused, dragged to court, and slandered before many witnesses. c. If we truly confess that God is sovereign, even over the wills of men, then we must also believe that Stephen being treated unjustly was part of God's plan for his life. d. To the extent that when we read that Stephen was full of grace and power, one of the reasons he was filled with these was to ensure that he could hold up under this injustice. e. God's favor on us does not mean that we will never experience heartache, mistreatment, abuse, misfortune, or deep anguish. My friends, some of the most graced and faith filled people through the church age, have suffered deeper wounds than any of us will ever face. f. God's favor oftentimes is not to spare us pain… but rather to see us through it. 3.) [Slide 19] Exhortation: “What actions should we take?” or “What is this passage specifically commanding us to do that we don't naturally do or aren't currently doing?” We must give an answer for the hope we have in us. a. Stephen goes to those whom he has much in common. b. He goes to those who are Hellenized Jews, and speaks to the truth of Jesus the Messiah of God. c. He teaches them about Jesus' death and resurrection. He teaches them about the fulfillment of the law of Moses in the life and death of Christ. He teaches them about the sacrifices never taking away sin but how Christ did with His sacrifice. d. And he stood strong against their rebuttals. He knew the scriptures well and left them without an answer. e. We too must do this. f. We too must go to those to whom we are closest. Our neighbors, co-workers, friends, family, those who do not know the truth of the gospel of Jesus Christ. We must do so to the best of our ability, giving an answer to those who might dispute the truth of the gospel. g. Some of you may be squirming here. How am I supposed to do that? How am I supposed to be ready to give an answer to those who try to refute the gospel? h. That brings us to our next application. 4.) [Slide 20] De-Exhortation: “What actions should we stop doing” or “What behaviors do we naturally practice that this passage tells us to stop doing?” We must stop worrying about what we will say or do when we face resistance or rejection. a. There are certainly things we can do to prepare ourselves. We can study and know the gospel well. We can know God's Word well. b. We can use others in the church as iron to sharpen us. c. But going back to our first point – we must first and primarily ask the Lord for grace and help in these times. d. We have a responsibility to be ready – but God also will equip us for this work too. e. God equips His people to do mighty works. Stephen is just another in a long line before and after him who were equipped by God by grace and power to do mighty deeds for His glory. f. The author of Hebrews invites us to boldly approach God's throne of grace to receive mercy and find grace for help in a time of need. g. James tells us that if we lack wisdom we should ask. h. Jesus tells us that if we have faith as big as a mustard seed, we can command mountains. i. My friends, the common thread is that we as God's people live and die, succeed and fail, on the provision of our great and mighty God. j. Nothing Stephen did is beyond what you and I are able to do in the grace and power of God. k. Indeed, we may soon be called to do exactly as Stephen did. l. And we may not feel equipped for such a task now… but those who trust the Lord, and seek Him for wisdom and grace… will be equipped for all He calls us to do for His name. m. And that includes answering those who dispute the gospel message. 5.) [Slide 21] Comfort: “What comfort can we find here?” or “What peace does the Lord promise us in light of this passage of scripture?” God will deliver us safely to His Kingdom where we will be made to be like His Son… forever. a. Although we may have great difficulty in this life, and face much opposition… we know that this life is not the end. b. This world is not our home. c. One day we will open our eyes and behold the beauty and majesty of our Loving Lord. d. One day we will stand before His throne declared a good and faithful servant of the Lord Most High. e. One day our good deeds will be revealed for all to see. f. One day we will wear the white robes of Christ's righteousness and all who opposed us and our God will be ashamed and silenced. g. It will be worth it all… my friends… when we see Jesus. [Slide 22(end)] Let me close with a Prayer by the Puritan Robert Hawker. Grant, dearest Lord, that though we still live in this world, yet never, never may we forget our relationship to You. Though we are outcasts, yet we are Jesus' outcasts. Lord, be our hiding place, so that You are all we need, like “streams of water in a dry place; like the shade of a great rock in a weary land.” Oh, for a word, a whisper of Jesus. We cannot live without it. We dare not let You go, unless You bless us. None of all the past enjoyments or experiences will do us any good, until You again shine upon our souls. Come then, Lord Jesus! We fly to You as our God, our Savior, our Portion, our All! We see our daily, hourly, continual need of You. You are our hope and Savior! Keep us, Lord, near You, for without You we are nothing. Precious Jesus, help us to see our clear part in You, from our union with You. And dear Lord, make us so strong in Your strength, that during the whole period of our present warfare, we may be “awesome as an army with banners” to all who would oppose our way to You, and in You. Yes, Lord! Let sin, and Satan, and the world, be united against us; yet put on us the whole armor of God, that we may “fight the good fight of faith, take hold of the eternal life,” and be made “more than conquerors through the One who loved us” In Jesus name we pray… Amen! [1] The Holy Bible: English Standard Version (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2016), Ps 23:1–6.

Title: Called and Equipped Text: Acts 6:1-7 FCF: We often struggle submitting to leadership. Prop: Because God has established and equipped leaders to unify His church toward His will, we must submit to godly leadership. Scripture Intro: ESV [Slide 1] Turn in your bible to Acts chapter 6. In a moment we will read starting in verse 1 from the English Standard Version. You can follow in the pew bible on page 1236 or in your preferred version. We are right on the cusp of transitioning to the expansion of the church. Very soon we will see the church burst out from the walls of Jerusalem. But before we get to that, both chronologically and thematically, Luke needs to show us how the church handled a problem that truly came from within. We've seen issues arise from the church's interaction with the Jewish leadership. That isn't done yet, but the Lord has preserved them. We've also seen fake Christians attempt to lie to the Spirit of God in order to profit. In this also, the Lord guarded His church. Today, we will see a problem arise truly from within the church and we will see God deal with the issue in a subtly supernatural way. Please stand with me both out of respect for and to focus on the reading of God's Word. Transition: We have a lot to get to today. So, let's waste no time. I.) God has established and equipped officers of His church to guide it, so we must submit to godly leadership. (1-4) a. [Slide 2] 1 - Now in these days when the disciples were increasing in number, i. The opening statement in this section “now in these days” seems to bind it more closely to the events we completed in Acts 5. ii. Despite the Jewish leadership's antagonism and even their certainty that the Nazarian sect will die out… the opposite is proving true. They continue to grow. iii. But the more people you have, the easier it is for some to fall through the cracks. b. [Slide 3] A complaint by the Hellenists arose against the Hebrews i. We need to understand exactly what is happening here and in order to do so we need to know a little about Hebrew culture in the 1st century. ii. When Alexander the Great conquered the known world around 330 BC, he also spread Greek culture throughout the empire. Greek religion, philosophy, language, values, art and literature flourished in places that it never had before. iii. But what happens when you fill a glass half full of clear water with red Kool-Aid? Do the contents of the cup remain clear or does it start turning red? It turns doesn't it. iv. As Greek influence filled and stayed in these places, it began replacing and even superseding the culture of the native people groups. v. In Jerusalem and the surrounding area, there was a movement to prevent this and keep Hebrew culture thriving. But some Jews succumbed to the influence of Greek culture and lost their ability to speak Hebrew and Aramaic. vi. They spoke only Greek. They became… Hellenized. vii. This caused a lot of bigotry and preferential treatment among Jews. Jews that could not speak Hebrew or at least Aramaic were treated as less than Hebrew. They weren't quite Jewish. viii. Even a cursory reading through the gospels reveals a Jewish nation who prides themselves in a pure bloodline. They disdained the Samaritans for having mixed with non-Jews. Hellenized Jews were treated similarly. ix. And now it seems that this prejudice is seeping into the church. x. How specifically? c. [Slide 4] Because their widows were being neglected in the daily distribution. i. So, we need to understand what the daily distribution is and why widows were included in this. ii. Widows and orphans were among the neediest in their day. Women could not own property or be the sole proprietor of a business. Therefore, when their husband died their possessions would be distributed among their male family members first. iii. It would be the responsibility of the family to care for widows – but as it is today, many found ways to neglect their duties. Still others had no family to care for them. iv. The church took the initiative to care for widows among them by taking food to them each day. v. In this process, the Greek speaking Jewish Christians were not being taken meals. vi. This escalated into a complaint. Luke does not say whether or not the people brought this complaint to the apostles or if the apostles just heard about it through the grapevine. vii. In one way or another the apostles become aware of this problem. d. [Slide 5] 2 – And the twelve summoned the full number of the disciples and said, i. The apostles spring to action. They deem this compliant important enough to act on without delay. ii. They summon the full number of the disciples. iii. It is difficult to know exactly what this may mean. iv. It stretches believability to think that there would be a place in Jerusalem they would be able to gather around 7-15 thousand people together to address this issue. v. The words “full number” means a large number or a group large enough to distribute information quickly to the whole or a number able to reach some sort of decision with. vi. When we see this word in this context it has the sense of a quorum or meeting the number of people needed to do business. vii. This suggests that the church had representatives. Perhaps we see the makings here of the local assemblies and their respective Elders gathered under the direction of the apostles. viii. This seems to make the most sense. That the disciples gathered were those who were the spiritual heads and representatives of smaller bodies throughout the city of Jerusalem. ix. Notice Luke does not record any sort of discussion here. There is no debate or brainstorming session. x. The apostles speak and the representatives listen. e. [Slide 6] “It is not right that we should give up preaching the word of God to serve tables. i. The apostles establish the proper priorities of their office. ii. The thought of them giving up preaching the Word of God to make this problem go away is completely unacceptable. iii. Preaching God's Word is of absolute priority. Both teaching in homes and preaching in the temple. This must continue and they must focus on this. iv. Waiting tables or serving tables does not take our modern connotation of being a waiter or waitress. Instead, we can easily derive the meaning from the context – that they are providing food for widows. v. As noble as a task as it is to provide food to widows… the apostles recognize that preaching the Word is a greater priority. One that they cannot sacrifice. vi. THEY must preach the Word of God. vii. But rather than seeking the advice of the gathering, the apostles have already arrived at a wise solution to the problem. f. [Slide 7] 3 – Therefore brothers, pick out from among you seven men of good repute, full of the Spirit and of wisdom, whom we will appoint to this duty. i. Again, the apostles tell these men how to go forward. We are not told of any discussion or voting. They simply told these representatives to do this. ii. They must choose seven men. The word used here is not Anthropos which would be more ambiguous on gender, meaning mankind. iii. The word used here is Aner, which can mean man or husband. iv. A ministry to widows seems to be a great opportunity to employ the managerial skills of women, yet the apostles chose to hand this to men. This is not a definitive proof that the office of Deacon should only be men – but it is an argument in favor of that interpretation. v. These men must be of good repute. They must have a good reputation. vi. They must be full of the Spirit – meaning they have a marked life that is easy to see the Spirit's indwelling influence in their life. vii. They must be full of wisdom too, knowing God's perspective of the world and acting in that same perspective. viii. We notice that these men's ability to carry large sacks of food or run long distances is not listed as a qualification. ix. This is most likely because these men were not the ones that were going to be delivering the food. x. In fact, the food was already being delivered. xi. They were simply bringing organization and order to an already functioning ministry that needed to be better managed and organized. g. [Slide 8] 4 – But we will devote ourselves to prayer and to the ministry of the word.” i. The apostles reaffirm their devotion to the priorities that mattered most. ii. They were going to devote themselves to prayer and to the ministry of the Word. iii. These take the highest priority for the apostles. And for every church following this, we should fight to preserve these as our highest priorities. iv. One final point before we summarize what we've learned. v. Scholars disagree over whether the neglect of the Hellenistic Jewish Christian widows was intentional prejudice or accidental. 1. After weighing the evidence, it seems best to conclude that this was accidental. 2. Not that such prejudice was impossible among God's people. We saw warnings against prejudice when we studied James. 3. I conclude that it was accidental for several reasons in this text, the first of which we have already seen. 4. If this was indeed a purposeful neglect out of prejudice and bigotry, why did the apostles attempt to put a band-aid on the problem? 5. Outsourcing this issue to 7 men to deal with for them seems like a big-time cop out. 6. Furthermore, they identify the issue as waiting on tables. Serving food is the issue. But if this was intentional neglect – serving tables isn't really the issue any more, is it? 7. There is another big reason to conclude this was accidental but we'll get to that in a bit. h. [Slide 9] Summary of the Point: God has always equipped members of His Covenant community with what is necessary to lead and manage the community toward godliness and holiness. God supplied Moses, priests, the Levites, military leaders, Judges, Kings, Prophets and apostles. And God continues to supply Evangelists, Elders, and Deacons to grow, lead, and manage His people. He has not left a vacuum of leadership, nor has He refused to gift those in these positions with wisdom, compassion, mercy, humility, knowledge and holiness. The church must continue to look to godly leaders to guide and manage them toward becoming a holy community. Transition: [Slide 10 (blank)] But God not only appointed and equipped these leaders to wisely lead His church. He also equipped them through that wisdom to unify His church in the love of Christ. II.) God equips godly leaders to unify His church in the love of Christ, so we must submit to godly leadership. (5-7) a. [Slide 11] 5 – And what they said pleased the whole gathering i. The apostles' direction and leadership on this issue was recognized by the whole gathered assembly of representatives. ii. We ought not infer from this that there was some kind of vote here to accept what the apostles said as the direction they needed to go. As if the church could override the decision of the apostles. iii. Instead, the purpose of this statement speaks more to the wisdom of the apostles and the trust the rest of the church had for their leadership. In a word, this statement is about the unity of the church. iv. The church trusted her leaders and her leaders were trustworthy. v. This is the point of this comment. vi. And we should recognize the wisdom of the apostles too. vii. Out of all the things that they could have done to solve this problem, from telling the Hellenistic Jews to get over it and stop being so needy, to meeting with everyone who supplied food to find who was really to blame so they could be punished, to eliminating the ministry altogether… viii. This seems like a very, VERY wise answer to the need. b. [Slide 12] And they chose Stephen, a man full of faith and of the Holy Spirit, i. Stephen is very obviously singled out here. ii. He is the only person in the list who has any character comments attached to him. iii. The easiest explanation for this is simple foreshadowing by Luke. He intends to relate the story of Stephen's sermon to the Sanhedrin and his subsequent martyrdom in a few short verses. iv. We can also probably assume that Stephen was something of a leader among the seven. That would not be too great a leap for us. v. Stephen appearing at the head of the list here links both the previous section of problems in the church with the next section of expansion of the church from Jerusalem. vi. When we get to Stephen's sermon in chapter 7, we'll notice quickly how he is truly a man full of faith and the Holy Spirit. He speaks as eloquently as Peter. And he speaks with passion, truth, and mercy. vii. More on Stephen next week. c. [Slide 13] And Phillip, and Prochorus, and Nicanor, and Timon, and Parmenas, i. The next 5 names in the list are given without details concerning them. ii. Each name has a meaning but it is unlikely that we can derive any description of the man from the meaning of their name. iii. These 5 are all thought to be men of good reputation, who are full of the Holy Spirit and of wisdom. d. [Slide 14] and Nicolaus, a proselyte of Antioch. i. The last name is the only name given any details besides Stephen. ii. The description of Nicolaus is that he is a proselyte from Antioch. iii. By Antioch, Luke no doubt refers to Antioch of Syria. It would be the closest Antioch to Jerusalem, northwest up the coast of the Mediterranean, close to present day Turkey. iv. But what is a proselyte? v. A proselyte is a general term to refer to someone who left a former life and began a new one. vi. We could replace the word with “convert”. vii. But to what was Nicolaus converted? It would not be Christianity or even the Nazarian sect of Judaism. Because that would be true of everyone in this list. viii. What Luke is showing us is… that Nicolaus was a gentile, a former pagan, who converted to Judaism. After converting to Judaism, he received Christ to continue and complete his pursuit of the Jewish faith. ix. This is an important detail for Luke to mention to us. Nicolaus is the first non-ethnic-Jew that we have seen among the members of the church. x. So far, we've seen the gospel call go to Jews in Jerusalem, Jews from all parts of the world, and now… we see the gospel call go to Jews who were not ethnically Jewish but who were religiously Jewish. Like Nicolaus. xi. Although it is not as dramatic as pagans converting straight to Christ, it is more foreshadowing that the gospel call is expanding beyond the Jews. xii. This complete list of seven men is another point in the argument that the neglect of the Greek Speaking Jewish Christian widows was accidental. 1. All seven names… are Greek names. One of them isn't even ethnically a Jew. 2. The church took seven Hellenistic Jews and put them in charge of making sure that the distribution went out to every single widow in need. 3. The Hebraic Jewish widows' needs were already being met. They needed to make sure the others were met too. 4. This is a sign that the church recognized their accidental error and sought to make sure it never happened again. e. [Slide 15] 6 – These they set before the apostles, and they prayed and laid hands on them. i. Even though the church was given the opportunity to choose from among themselves men to do this task, the apostles maintained the exclusive authority to approve or disapprove of their choices. ii. But the men set before them were men who had stood out among the early church as men full of wisdom and the Spirit. Men who had a good reputation. iii. So, the apostles laid their hands on them, praying over them, blessing them and commissioning them into service in their role. iv. And what was the result of this? f. [Slide 16] 7 – And the word of God continued to increase, and the number of the disciples multiplied greatly in Jerusalem, i. The problem was resolved without the need for the apostles to stop preaching and teaching. ii. The apostles kept holding their primary duties as primary. iii. They kept teaching and preaching God's Word and men and women continued to come to Christ. iv. But also, the integrity of the church shined forth for all to see. v. Two groups of people who notoriously held prejudices against one another, were now harmoniously dwelling and caring for one another. g. [Slide 17] And a great many of the priests became obedient to the faith. i. Let's take the back end of the verse first. ii. What does it mean to be obedient to the faith? iii. There are other expressions in the scriptures such as “obey the gospel” which sound similar to this. iv. The gospel is summarized by Paul when he states that he preached Christ crucified for sinners. v. Therefore, to obey the gospel is to live as though all that is true. 1. This must first include repentance, since we must first recognize we are sinners and forsake our sin. 2. This must then include desperate dependance on Christ who died to both take our penalty for sinning and to give us His righteous standing before God. vi. And so, what Luke means when he says they became obedient to the gospel is that many priests were converting to Christ. vii. But another question we must ask about this strange ending comment is, what is its significance? viii. It is difficult to know what Luke intends for us to see from this comment. ix. Many commentators point out that beyond Jerusalem and the aristocratic priestly line, most priests tended to be less dogmatic on the divide between the Sadducees and the Pharisees. With some commentators even speculating that many more rural priests would have favored the Pharisaical party's position. A position that seems to be easier to reconcile with the doctrines the apostles were preaching. x. They also would point out that most of these priests would be quite poor, working in some trade to earn a living waiting for their 2 weeks of service a year in the temple. xi. Thus, the comment about many priests coming to Christ is remarkable mainly because the church was a charitable organization ministering to the poor which drew the attention of the poor priests. xii. What I found dissatisfying about most commentators' understanding of this point was that they were all quite quick to leave Jerusalem to find and focus on these priests. xiii. Luke does not tell us that these priests were from outside the city. And he just got done saying that disciples continued to multiply in… JERUSALEM. xiv. Everything Luke has said about the priests up to this point has indicated a strong resistance to the teachings of the early church. And certainly, everything that follows shows a persisting resistance to its teachings. xv. I find the concept of poor priests drawn to the church because of their charity – somewhat hollow and fairly earth bound in a book that has so far focused on supernatural means to the success of the church. xvi. Therefore, I have an alternate idea of why this final comment of Luke's is significant. xvii. We remarked before that the priests were predominantly Sadducean in their outlook. xviii. I would suggest that Luke intends us to see that many of that persuasion were now converting to Christ. xix. The natural question we have is… why? Certainly, by the power of God. But why now? xx. This little comment by Luke I believe speaks to the testimony of the apostles, the Elders, the newly established Deacons, and the church as a whole. xxi. Despite the doctrinal differences between the church and the priests, the priests could find no natural reason that such a group of people could so easily set aside decades of racial prejudice to live in love with one another. xxii. No other group of Jews had ever been able or even desired to live in such love and harmony so as to solve the differences between Hebraic Jews clinging to their heritage and Hellenistic Jews who had lost or abandoned their heritage. xxiii. And now… this new sect of Judaism. This rapidly growing, miracle powered, explosive movement, has somehow solved this issue. xxiv. Such change requires supernatural intervention. Gamaliel said that if this plan or undertaking is of God, then nothing could stop it. As if he were a prophet, he foreshadows a difficulty sure to shatter the fledgling movement… and instead of racial prejudice breaking the church… it flourishes instead. xxv. Now all of a sudden, these Sadducean leaning priests are saying… “it must be of God then.” xxvi. But if Sadducean priests are coming to Christ now, how do you think that is going to go with the Sanhedrin? xxvii. More on that next week. h. [Slide 18] Summary of the Point: The second point builds on the first. Not only has God supplied and equipped His church with individuals who can lead and manage them toward holiness. But also, through wise and godly leadership, God unifies His church around the bond of the blood of Christ. Old hatreds and prejudices die. From the leadership of the church all the way down to Hellenistic Jewish widows, the love of Christ reigns. God used the unity of this diverse group of people to humble many priests and call them to Himself. And He can do the same today with you and I. Through wise and Christlike leadership, the Lord can stir up the bond of love and peace among His people. Conclusion: So, CBC, what have we learned today and how then shall we live? Let's break all this down to a doctrinal takeaway this morning. Doctrinal takeaway: [Slide 19] God appoints and equips leaders of His church to wisely guide and unify them in the love of Christ. No other organization, group, club, nation, or gathering of any kind functions this way, for no other gathering is headed up by The Lord of all Creation. His servants, though they be mere men, are graced with wisdom and calling to do His will. Elders and Deacons alike are qualified by God to provide spiritual guidance and manage potential roadblocks to ministry. This produces love and peace among the body. Which in turn, creates an entity that the world cannot ignore. An entity that even the most stubborn of hearts cannot help but marvel at. God uses such an entity to call more of His people out from the darkness into His light. We are a city on a hill shining forth into the darkness. In response to this, it is incumbent upon the church to submit to and follow their godly leadership, trusting that the Lord is equipping them to guide them into truth, eliminate issues that would prevent God's people from ministering to one another, and stir up love and peace among the body. Let me improve this doctrinal takeaway by looking at a few ways this truth impacts us today. 1.) [Slide 20] Mind Transformation: “What truth must we believe from this text?” or “What might we not naturally believe that we must believe because of what this text has said?” We must believe that prayer and preaching and teaching God's Word is our church's highest priority. a. The church through the course of history and certainly included in that would be the church of America, has committed themselves to do and be a great many things. b. In the state of Michigan churches are classified as charitable organizations. They do not need to apply for this status. All they must do is prove that they are an ecclesiastical organization and they are granted that status. c. Why is that? d. Simply put, the church has had a long history of solving social ills and charitably giving to those in need. e. This is a beautiful and necessary function of the church. Especially toward one another. f. We see it on full display here with the church caring for widows who are unable to care for themselves. g. But the apostles were not willing to set aside prayer and the preaching and teaching of God's Word in order to devote themselves to making sure widows were being fed. h. This reveals two things to us. i. First, it reveals that the apostles believed that they were specifically called by Christ to pass on His teachings to the church and preach the gospel to the lost. i. They were not willing to be distracted from their calling, no matter how noble a purpose it may have been. ii. They recognized the priority in their own lives that Christ had placed on them to preach and teach His commands. iii. Although they no doubt have been passing on these teaching responsibilities to others (as we will see with Stephen next week), it did not free them to do other things… for prayer and preaching and teaching God's Word was their calling. j. Second, it reveals the necessary priority of the preaching and teaching of the word of God in the church. i. As noble as a work as it was to care for widows. Pure and undefiled religion as James says. ii. Such charitable acts cannot overtake a ministry to be the sum total of their identity. iii. Churches are not primarily charitable organizations. They are centers of worship and discipleship. iv. Any church that does not place prayer and the teaching and preaching of God's Word as the highest priority– runs the risk of losing what it is to be a church. v. God's people gather to commune with Him. They do this by hearing from Him and speaking to Him. These are ordinary means by which God ministers to and grows His children. vi. That is, primarily, and necessarily, why we exist. vii. To focus our efforts, CBC, on any other task, no matter how noble, is to miss the point of what it means to be His church. 2.) [Slide 21] Refutation: “What lies must we cast down” or “What do we naturally believe, or have been taught to believe, that this passage shows is false?” I actually have two of these this morning. First, we must deny that the most qualified men to be deacons are the ones who are gifted in physical strengths and skills. a. The job set before Stephen and the rest, was one of a physical care problem. They were not teaching the scriptures to these widows. They were not going house to house raising a bible study or administering the Lord's Supper. b. Instead, their job included organizing people, their schedules, the food collection, food storage, the routes for food distribution, adding names to the list, taking names off, gathering new volunteers, volunteer training, volunteer improvement and correction, budget management for purchasing more food, and perhaps many other duties. c. If you and I were setting up qualifications for such a person, we might be tempted to establish a VERY different list of qualifications for such men. d. First, we might look exclusively for women, since many women excel at such tasks. Second, we might be looking for managerial skills, people skills, financial skills. We might look for someone who knows the city well, the back roads, the alleyways. We might look for someone who is a good business man and can get discount prices on food. e. But the apostles set the qualifications. Seven men, full of faith, wisdom, and the Holy Spirit. f. My friends, although the office of the Deacon is predominantly related to earthly matters… there is a resoundingly spiritual component to their role. g. And the fact of the matter is, no matter how well someone can do plumbing, electrical, or landscaping… they will be ill equipped to manage God's people toward love and unity if they are not godly people. h. We must forever dismiss this idea from our minds, that Deacons must be equipped with physical earth-bound skills. For that is simply not true. They must be godly. That is their qualifications. i. As we seek the Lord for the reception of more Deacons in the future, we must focus on their spiritual strength and not their physical skills. 3.) [Slide 22] Refutation: Secondly, we must deny that the best way to arrive at the right answer is by consensus. a. We notice in this text that consensus follows the solution. It does not precede it. b. The apostles stated the problem, their inability to meet it, and their instructions for solving the problem. c. And when the church leaders put forward 7 men to serve in the capacity which the apostles directed, the apostles ultimately approved and appointed the men to do the work laid out before them. d. Because of our American heritage, we naturally assume that the best way to arrive at the best solution to a problem is to come to some kind of consensus. To get in a room and discuss all our options until the best one emerges. We verify it is the best by the number of people that support it. e. How shocking to discover that the early church did not function this way. f. Some suggest that is because their society was not ready for a system of government where all have a vote to determine policy and direction. g. The problem with that is that both a democracy and a republic had existed before Jesus was born. To say that the 1st century church was unaware of these forms of government is to ignore the fact that Rome and Greece before it operated this way. h. If God desired to establish a democracy to operate His church, he needed only to point to the Greeks. If it were to operate like Republic, He needed only to point to the early days of Rome. i. Instead, the apostles, based on the wisdom and love of God, make the decisions and leave it to the church leaders to implement them. j. In this God has made it abundantly clear that it is not raw consensus that leads us to the best solutions. Instead, it is consensus among men who are qualified and called of God to lead His people. This is what leads us to the best solutions. k. That is not to say that there is no place for consensus among the people. Certainly, after the apostles put forward their solution, it pleased the community leaders. But this speaks less of the power and authority of the consensus and more of the wisdom and direction of the apostles. l. The bottom line is this… God has not given us instruction to govern our churches where the majority wins. Instead, God has called and qualified godly men to lead His people, earning trust while being trusted. m. This leads us naturally to our next application. 4.) [Slide 23] Exhortation: “What actions should we take?” or “What is this passage specifically commanding us to do that we don't naturally do or aren't currently doing?” We must trust and submit to our godly leaders. a. The commands to submit to Elders make absolutely no sense if God has designed His church to operate as a democracy. Just as it would make no sense for a wife to submit to her husband but have an equal vote in the decision making, nor a slave to submit to his master but have an equal vote in his employment. b. This is why God has given us the qualifications for who a person must be if he is qualified to be an Elder. c. Although every man must strive for each characteristic, it is only some whom God graces to have those characteristics. God ultimately calls and equips those whom He desires to lead His church. d. It is the church's responsibility to receive, trust, and submit to their godly leaders. e. Much like a relationship of a husband to a wife – this is not without mutual trust and mutual submission. f. The apostles could have appointed the men themselves, yet they delegated and entrusted this task with the individual community leaders. g. This shows a give and take relationship between church leaders and those they lead. h. But we cannot allow the pendulum to swing too far. For it is the churches' responsibility to pray for and submit to their Leaders. i. This does not mean that they are never to be questioned or investigated. It doesn't mean that they will never be wrong. But generally speaking, the Lord will make His will known by the consensus of godly men He has called to lead. j. The church must bring complaints, issues, problems, disagreement, and concerns to the leadership… but trust God to work in and through them to arrive at the best answer for the community. k. Elders too must submit to one another. Even when they are outvoted. l. Submission is not easy… but it is a highly biblical concept. m. I can state this application not as a corrective… for I think generally speaking, despite having only had Elders leading for a year and a half, you are a fairly submissive church. n. But this application goes out for all of us. We must submit to those whom God has called and qualified to lead. 5.) [Slide 24] De-Exhortation: “What actions should we stop doing” or “What behaviors do we naturally practice that this passage tells us to stop doing?” We must not give in to knee jerk reactions when things go wrong. a. Elders, I speak to us specifically with this one. And to myself especially. i. We must resist the urge to respond impetuously on matters of difficulty within the church. ii. It is easy to see how the apostles could have over or under reacted to this issue. iii. I can see myself brow beating the Hellenists for being too soft. I can see myself desiring to find out who messed up and chew them out. I can see myself ending the ministry and counting it as lost. iv. The apostles took a path of great compassion and mercy. One that we must tread if we are to lead these wonderful saints whose souls we are caring for. v. The apostles creatively came up with a solution without dismissing or exacerbating the problem. vi. Brothers, we should aim for such a mark. vii. Let us move forward, relying on God's grace, to be as wise as they were in addressing issues that arise among our people. b. But CBC, I'll address you in this too. i. Notice the church complained. ii. The difference between a godly complaint and an ungodly complaint has to do with both the audience of your complaining and your willingness to find contentment no matter the outcome of your complaining. iii. When church members bring a complaint to other church members, family members, friends, neighbors, members of other churches, or church leaders of other churches… they complain in sin. Why? iv. Because the one to whom they complain is neither called or equipped to solve their problem. v. When church members complain even to God or their Elders but do so demanding their own way or expecting to get what they want. They complain in sin. Why? vi. Because godliness with contentment is great gain. You cannot be thankful and lacking contentment at the same time. vii. So, complain well CBC. 1. Complain only to those who can do something about it. 2. And complain with sincere, humble, and gentle hearts, not needing to have your fears and pains alleviated but desiring only to make it known to those who care for you. 6.) [Slide 25] Comfort: “What comfort can we find here?” or “What peace does the Lord promise us in light of this passage of scripture?” God is faithful to bless His church with growth when they strive for unity under their godly leadership. a. We see a wonderful correlation between trusting and submitting to church leadership, love, unity, and God growing His church numerically. b. While we can't break it down to a formula that is always true. We can see the correlation between a unified, submissive, love filled church and a desire from the outsider to be a part of such a community. c. What a testimony, especially in our culture, to willingly submit to and trust godly leaders. Are you telling me that won't confound the world? d. “You mean you just do what your church Elders tell you to.” e. “Yeah. I trust them. They are some of the godliest people I know.” f. “What if they screw up?” g. “They have. They admitted it and we forgave them.” h. And what a comfort to see God bless a unified church. i. It encourages and motivates us to follow suit. Let me close with a Puritan's prayer. This prayer is specifically offered on behalf of the Elders of CBC. [Slide 26 (end)] O our Lord, Let not our ministry be approved only by men, or merely win the esteem and affections of people; But do the work of grace in their hearts, call in your elect, seal and edify the regenerate ones, and command eternal blessings on their souls. Save us from self-opinion and self-seeking; Water the hearts of those who hear your Word, that seed sown in weakness may be raised in power; Cause us and those that hear us to behold you here in the light of special faith, and hereafter in the blaze of endless glory; Make our every sermon and teaching a means of grace to ourselves, and help us to experience the power of your dying love, for your blood is balm, your presence bliss, your smile heaven, your cross the place where truth and mercy meet. Look upon the doubts and discouragements of our ministry and keep us from self-importance; We beg pardon for our many sins, omissions, infirmities, as men, as ministers; Command your blessing on our weak, unworthy labours, and on the message of salvation given; Stay with your people, and may your presence be their portion and ours. When we preach and teach to others let not our words be merely elegant and masterly, our reasoning polished and refined, our performance powerful and tasteful, but may we exalt you and humble sinners. O Lord of power and grace, all hearts are in your hands, all events at your disposal, set the seal of your almighty will upon our ministry. In Jesus Name we pray… Amen.

In those days when the number of disciples was increasing, the Hellenistic Jews[a] among them complained against the Hebraic Jews because their widows were being overlooked in the daily distribution of food. 2 So the Twelve gathered all the disciples together and said, “It would not be right for us to neglect the ministry of the word of God in order to wait on tables. 3 Brothers and sisters, choose seven men from among you who are known to be full of the Spirit and wisdom. We will turn this responsibility over to them 4 and will give our attention to prayer and the ministry of the word.” 5 This proposal pleased the whole group. They chose Stephen, a man full of faith and of the Holy Spirit; also Philip, Procorus, Nicanor, Timon, Parmenas, and Nicolas from Antioch, a convert to Judaism. 6 They presented these men to the apostles, who prayed and laid their hands on them. 7 So the word of God spread. The number of disciples in Jerusalem increased rapidly, and a large number of priests became obedient to the faith.

Take the City | Week 4 We find in Acts chapter 6 hints of favoritism among some people.  The Hebraic Jews got first shot at the meals for widows, sometimes leave the Hellenist Jews without needs being met.  Although not entirely racism, it was a societal problem that was probably a source of tension.  The church should be willing to face head on cultural problems of the day.  But we will provide solutions, life examples; not just a judgmental spirit.

Introduction Unity is always a vital topic, but even more so now than usual.  The church continues to spread, expand and develop. This is all good but it means we must pay more careful attention to our unity.  These lessons will discuss attitudes and actions that can strengthen our unity. Today's lesson is focussed on examining one example of how Jesus built unity, and one example of how the early church built unity.  - - -  1.  Jesus Prays for unity “I have given them the glory that you gave me, that they may be one as we are one—I in them and you in me—so that they may be brought to complete unity. Then the world will know that you sent me and have loved them even as you have loved me.” (John 17:22–23 NIV11) - Jesus in the Father is the model for us Teaches on unity ““A new command I give you: Love one another. As I have loved you, so you must love one another. By this everyone will know that you are my disciples, if you love one another.”” (John 13:34–35) How did Jesus maintain unity? Example “They came to Capernaum. When he was in the house, he asked them, “What were you arguing about on the road?” But they kept quiet because on the way they had argued about who was the greatest. Sitting down, Jesus called the Twelve and said, “Anyone who wants to be first must be the very last, and the servant of all.” He took a little child whom he placed among them. Taking the child in his arms, he said to them, “Whoever welcomes one of these little children in my name welcomes me; and whoever welcomes me does not welcome me but the one who sent me.”” (Mark 9:33–37) - See also vv 14,16 The disciples react to Jesus attempting to help them be honest by going quiet.  No one has the conviction or purity of heart to confess on behalf of the group. - How did Jesus maintain unity? - Observant - was not looking at his phone while with his disciples! - Waited for the right time and place - Asked a question - Allowed silence - Taught with compassion Reminded them it was about him More work needed - Mark 10:35–45 We are one chapter further on and they still need help.  Unity is never ‘finished'. Important we do not get tired of working to maintain unity. Application - Any tensions?  - Any ungodly attitudes or behaviour? - Unity is not maintained by harshness, nor by silence - Unity is maintained by listening, loving and talking - - -  2. The Early Church Example “In those days when the number of disciples was increasing, the Hellenistic Jews among them complained against the Hebraic Jews because their widows were being overlooked in the daily distribution of food. So the Twelve gathered all the disciples together and said, “It would not be right for us to neglect the ministry of the word of God in order to wait on tables. Brothers and sisters, choose seven men from among you who are known to be full of the Spirit and wisdom. We will turn this responsibility over to them and will give our attention to prayer and the ministry of the word.” This proposal pleased the whole group. They chose Stephen, a man full of faith and of the Holy Spirit; also Philip, Procorus, Nicanor, Timon, Parmenas, and Nicolas from Antioch, a convert to Judaism. They presented these men to the apostles, who prayed and laid their hands on them. So the word of God spread. The number of disciples in Jerusalem increased rapidly, and a large number of priests became obedient to the faith.” (Acts 6:1–7 NIV11) - Leadership listened - Involved everyone - Understood limitations - Discussion - Prayer - - -  Conclusion All about Jesus Tuning fork (Ephesians 2:11–22 NIV11) Please add your comments on this week's topic. We learn best when we learn in community.  Do you have a question about teaching the Bible? Is it theological, technical, practical? Send me your questions or suggestions. Here's the email: [malcolm@malcolmcox.org](mailto:malcolm@malcolmcox.org).  If you'd like a copy of my free eBook on spiritual disciplines, “How God grows His people”, sign up at my website: http://[www.malcolmcox.org](http://www.malcolmcox.org/).  Please pass the link on, subscribe, leave a review.  “Worship the LORD with gladness; come before him with joyful songs.” (Psalms 100:2 NIV11)  God bless, Malcolm

Introduction Unity is always a vital topic, but even more so now than usual.  The church continues to spread, expand and develop. This is all good but it means we must pay more careful attention to our unity.  These lessons will discuss attitudes and actions that can strengthen our unity. Today's lesson is focussed on examining one example of how Jesus built unity, and one example of how the early church built unity.  - - -  1.  Jesus Prays for unity “I have given them the glory that you gave me, that they may be one as we are one—I in them and you in me—so that they may be brought to complete unity. Then the world will know that you sent me and have loved them even as you have loved me.” (John 17:22–23 NIV11) - Jesus in the Father is the model for us Teaches on unity ““A new command I give you: Love one another. As I have loved you, so you must love one another. By this everyone will know that you are my disciples, if you love one another.”” (John 13:34–35) How did Jesus maintain unity? Example “They came to Capernaum. When he was in the house, he asked them, “What were you arguing about on the road?” But they kept quiet because on the way they had argued about who was the greatest. Sitting down, Jesus called the Twelve and said, “Anyone who wants to be first must be the very last, and the servant of all.” He took a little child whom he placed among them. Taking the child in his arms, he said to them, “Whoever welcomes one of these little children in my name welcomes me; and whoever welcomes me does not welcome me but the one who sent me.”” (Mark 9:33–37) - See also vv 14,16 The disciples react to Jesus attempting to help them be honest by going quiet.  No one has the conviction or purity of heart to confess on behalf of the group. - How did Jesus maintain unity? - Observant - was not looking at his phone while with his disciples! - Waited for the right time and place - Asked a question - Allowed silence - Taught with compassion Reminded them it was about him More work needed - Mark 10:35–45 We are one chapter further on and they still need help.  Unity is never ‘finished'. Important we do not get tired of working to maintain unity. Application - Any tensions?  - Any ungodly attitudes or behaviour? - Unity is not maintained by harshness, nor by silence - Unity is maintained by listening, loving and talking - - -  2. The Early Church Example “In those days when the number of disciples was increasing, the Hellenistic Jews among them complained against the Hebraic Jews because their widows were being overlooked in the daily distribution of food. So the Twelve gathered all the disciples together and said, “It would not be right for us to neglect the ministry of the word of God in order to wait on tables. Brothers and sisters, choose seven men from among you who are known to be full of the Spirit and wisdom. We will turn this responsibility over to them and will give our attention to prayer and the ministry of the word.” This proposal pleased the whole group. They chose Stephen, a man full of faith and of the Holy Spirit; also Philip, Procorus, Nicanor, Timon, Parmenas, and Nicolas from Antioch, a convert to Judaism. They presented these men to the apostles, who prayed and laid their hands on them. So the word of God spread. The number of disciples in Jerusalem increased rapidly, and a large number of priests became obedient to the faith.” (Acts 6:1–7 NIV11) - Leadership listened - Involved everyone - Understood limitations - Discussion - Prayer - - -  Conclusion All about Jesus Tuning fork (Ephesians 2:11–22 NIV11)

Introduction This is a very Thames Valley specific class series, but the principles will apply elsewhere. Nothing is broken, but that does not mean we should not strengthen what we have because greater strain is coming in the future. When unity is unattended to, it does become weaker. These classes will discuss attitudes and actions that can strengthen our unity. If you have not listened to the sermon from last Sunday I suggest you do so. Today's class is focussed on building unity in our local group. Next time we will discuss unity between groups. 1. Jesus Prays for unity “I have given them the glory that you gave me, that they may be one as we are one—I in them and you in me—so that they may be brought to complete unity. Then the world will know that you sent me and have loved them even as you have loved me.” (John 17:22–23 NIV11) Teaches on unity ““A new command I give you: Love one another. As I have loved you, so you must love one another. By this everyone will know that you are my disciples, if you love one another.”” (John 13:34–35 NIV11) Works to promote unity..... Example 1 “They came to Capernaum. When he was in the house, he asked them, “What were you arguing about on the road?” But they kept quiet because on the way they had argued about who was the greatest. Sitting down, Jesus called the Twelve and said, “Anyone who wants to be first must be the very last, and the servant of all.” He took a little child whom he placed among them. Taking the child in his arms, he said to them, “Whoever welcomes one of these little children in my name welcomes me; and whoever welcomes me does not welcome me but the one who sent me.”” (Mark 9:33–37 NIV11) See also vv 14,16 The disciples react to Jesus attempting to help them be honest by going quiet. No one has the conviction or purity of heart to confess on behalf of the group. Timing and location matter Example 2 “Then James and John, the sons of Zebedee, came to him. “Teacher,” they said, “we want you to do for us whatever we ask.” “What do you want me to do for you?” he asked. They replied, “Let one of us sit at your right and the other at your left in your glory.” “You don't know what you are asking,” Jesus said. “Can you drink the cup I drink or be baptized with the baptism I am baptized with?” “We can,” they answered. Jesus said to them, “You will drink the cup I drink and be baptized with the baptism I am baptized with, but to sit at my right or left is not for me to grant. These places belong to those for whom they have been prepared.” When the ten heard about this, they became indignant with James and John. Jesus called them together and said, “You know that those who are regarded as rulers of the Gentiles lord it over them, and their high officials exercise authority over them. Not so with you. Instead, whoever wants to become great among you must be your servant, and whoever wants to be first must be slave of all. For even the Son of Man did not come to be served, but to serve, and to give his life as a ransom for many.”” (Mark 10:35–45 NIV11) We are one chapter further on and they still need help. Unity is never 'finished'. 2. The Early Church Example 1 “In those days when the number of disciples was increasing, the Hellenistic Jews among them complained against the Hebraic Jews because their widows were being overlooked in the daily distribution of food. So the Twelve gathered all the disciples together and said, “It would not be right for us to neglect the ministry of the word of God in order to wait on tables. Brothers and sisters, choose seven men from among you who are known to be full of the Spirit and wisdom. We will turn this responsibility over to them and will give our attention to prayer and the ministry of the word.” This proposal pleased the whole group. They chose Stephen, a man full of faith and of the Holy Spirit; also Philip, Procorus, Nicanor, Timon, Parmenas, and Nicolas from Antioch, a convert to Judaism. They presented these men to the apostles, who prayed and laid their hands on them. So the word of God spread. The number of disciples in Jerusalem increased rapidly, and a large number of priests became obedient to the faith.” (Acts 6:1–7 NIV11) Leadership listened Involved everyone Understood limitations Discussion Prayer Example 2 - (Romans 12:3–8 NIV11) Discover gifts - often more obvious to others than oneself Use those gifts for the benefit of the body Conclusion All about trust Built by love Built by respect Built be honesty Questions Any un-dealt with tensions in your group? What is the next significant decision in your group? How will you approach it to ensure maximum unity? How can you help each other play their part? Please add your comments on this week's topic. We learn best when we learn in community.  Do you have a question about teaching the Bible? Is it theological, technical, practical? Send me your questions or suggestions. Here's the email: [malcolm@malcolmcox.org](mailto:malcolm@malcolmcox.org).  If you'd like a copy of my free eBook on spiritual disciplines, “How God grows His people”, sign up at my website: http://[www.malcolmcox.org](http://www.malcolmcox.org/).  Please pass the link on, subscribe, leave a review.  “Worship the LORD with gladness; come before him with joyful songs.” (Psalms 100:2 NIV11)  God bless, Malcolm

Introduction This is a very Thames Valley specific class series, but the principles will apply elsewhere. Nothing is broken, but that does not mean we should not strengthen what we have because greater strain is coming in the future. When unity is unattended to, it does become weaker. These classes will discuss attitudes and actions that can strengthen our unity. If you have not listened to the sermon from last Sunday I suggest you do so. Today's class is focussed on building unity in our local group. Next time we will discuss unity between groups. 1. Jesus Prays for unity “I have given them the glory that you gave me, that they may be one as we are one—I in them and you in me—so that they may be brought to complete unity. Then the world will know that you sent me and have loved them even as you have loved me.” (John 17:22–23 NIV11) Teaches on unity ““A new command I give you: Love one another. As I have loved you, so you must love one another. By this everyone will know that you are my disciples, if you love one another.”” (John 13:34–35 NIV11) Works to promote unity..... Example 1 “They came to Capernaum. When he was in the house, he asked them, “What were you arguing about on the road?” But they kept quiet because on the way they had argued about who was the greatest. Sitting down, Jesus called the Twelve and said, “Anyone who wants to be first must be the very last, and the servant of all.” He took a little child whom he placed among them. Taking the child in his arms, he said to them, “Whoever welcomes one of these little children in my name welcomes me; and whoever welcomes me does not welcome me but the one who sent me.”” (Mark 9:33–37 NIV11) See also vv 14,16 The disciples react to Jesus attempting to help them be honest by going quiet. No one has the conviction or purity of heart to confess on behalf of the group. Timing and location matter Example 2 “Then James and John, the sons of Zebedee, came to him. “Teacher,” they said, “we want you to do for us whatever we ask.” “What do you want me to do for you?” he asked. They replied, “Let one of us sit at your right and the other at your left in your glory.” “You don't know what you are asking,” Jesus said. “Can you drink the cup I drink or be baptized with the baptism I am baptized with?” “We can,” they answered. Jesus said to them, “You will drink the cup I drink and be baptized with the baptism I am baptized with, but to sit at my right or left is not for me to grant. These places belong to those for whom they have been prepared.” When the ten heard about this, they became indignant with James and John. Jesus called them together and said, “You know that those who are regarded as rulers of the Gentiles lord it over them, and their high officials exercise authority over them. Not so with you. Instead, whoever wants to become great among you must be your servant, and whoever wants to be first must be slave of all. For even the Son of Man did not come to be served, but to serve, and to give his life as a ransom for many.”” (Mark 10:35–45 NIV11) We are one chapter further on and they still need help. Unity is never 'finished'. 2. The Early Church Example 1 “In those days when the number of disciples was increasing, the Hellenistic Jews among them complained against the Hebraic Jews because their widows were being overlooked in the daily distribution of food. So the Twelve gathered all the disciples together and said, “It would not be right for us to neglect the ministry of the word of God in order to wait on tables. Brothers and sisters, choose seven men from among you who are known to be full of the Spirit and wisdom. We will turn this responsibility over to them and will give our attention to prayer and the ministry of the word.” This proposal pleased the whole group. They chose Stephen, a man full of faith and of the Holy Spirit; also Philip, Procorus, Nicanor, Timon, Parmenas, and Nicolas from Antioch, a convert to Judaism. They presented these men to the apostles, who prayed and laid their hands on them. So the word of God spread. The number of disciples in Jerusalem increased rapidly, and a large number of priests became obedient to the faith.” (Acts 6:1–7 NIV11) Leadership listened Involved everyone Understood limitations Discussion Prayer Example 2 - (Romans 12:3–8 NIV11) Discover gifts - often more obvious to others than oneself Use those gifts for the benefit of the body Conclusion All about trust Built by love Built by respect Built be honesty Questions Any un-dealt with tensions in your group? What is the next significant decision in your group? How will you approach it to ensure maximum unity? How can you help each other play their part? You've found an upload from the Thames Valley churches of Christ. Thank you for watching this video. If you'd like to know more go to www.thamesvalley.church where you'll find news, information, resources and much more.

In this Portion, Luke turns away from the conflict between the Sanhedrin and the church leaders to introduce two groups within the Jerusalem church. They were the “Grecian” Jews (Greek, Hellenistai, or “Hellenists”) and “Hebraic” Jews. As the church in Jerusalem grew larger, more and more Hebraic and Grecian Jews came into the church, and some of the prejudices between the two groups carried over into the church. As the case of Ananias and Sapphira showed, all was not well with everyone in the church. One of the difficulties that the Greek-speaking Jews felt was that they were being discriminated against in the Jerusalem church. The problem here specifically was that the Hellenistic widows of the Jerusalem church were “being overlooked in the daily distribution of food”. Speaker: Benjamin Mathew Scripture: Acts 6:1-7 Notes: https://1drv.ms/b/s!AtZn-btopJYtr0jcoFhYygxTx4Cs?e=FfDwKg

I will take any excuse to have my favorite Substack writer on the program and this is a great one! Chris Bray [subscribe to his Subtsack! https://chrisbray.substack.com/] tells us the real reason why Amazon, CVS and Humana are purchasing primary care medical clinics (hint: it's not because of their deep desire to help humans achieve better health and happiness. Chris writes: Incentives Create Trajectories, Corporate Model or, "let's start foregrounding the gleichschaltung"“You have to love ‘intense coding practices.' So the emerging model of primary care is a financial game that manipulates billing practices to capture more money from government. The business is resource extraction; the pretext is medical care.Why?The federal government spent about $2 trillion a year at the start of the Obama administration, and now spends close to $7 trillion a year. The growth of federal spending looks like this, in a chart from this statistics website, though it leaves off the last few extremely significant growth years:”Chris also tells us how California fell and offers some poignant, simple and beautiful parenting advice. What does God say? We are called to provide care for the body, which was then a new view for religious people. After Pentecost, one of the first jobs assigned to members of the church was to “care for the Greek widows.” The teachings of Jesus lead, in fact, to the first hospitals, founded by the Christian church.Acts 6:1-76 In those days when the number of disciples was increasing, the Hellenistic Jews among them complained against the Hebraic Jews because their widows were being overlooked in the daily distribution of food. 2 So the Twelve gathered all the disciples together and said, “It would not be right for us to neglect the ministry of the word of God in order to wait on tables. 3 Brothers and sisters, choose seven men from among you who are known to be full of the Spirit and wisdom. We will turn this responsibility over to them 4 and will give our attention to prayer and the ministry of the word.”5 This proposal pleased the whole group. They chose Stephen, a man full of faith and of the Holy Spirit; also Philip, Procorus, Nicanor, Timon, Parmenas, and Nicolas from Antioch, a convert to Judaism. 6 They presented these men to the apostles, who prayed and laid their hands on them.7 So the word of God spread. The number of disciples in Jerusalem increased rapidly, and a large number of priests became obedient to the faith.”There is nothing wrong with doctors being paid--Luke was a Doctor--but, as in all things, the motive matters.

Deacons 5 [Slide 1] Well, here we are again back for week 5 of our teaching on Deacons. This will be our final week learning about Deacons in this setting, but to really change the culture of our church to adopt a biblical model of what Deacons with a capital D and deacons with a lowercase d really are, it will take more and more learning and relearning as we slowly put into practice what God gave the Church. I hope that all these lessons will be the start of a conversation and a revolution in our church. And my hope for that has grown more and more over the last few weeks. As we have done each week since week 1, it would behoove us to review the concepts we have learned so that we may stack the final rock on top of our cairn of understanding regarding D(d)eacons. [Slide 2] So in week 1… what did we learn? We took the word deacon in the New Testament and came to understand that it is a word that simply means ministry or service. We learned that most of the time, the word is not used for those holding the office of a Deacon. We learned that it is the responsibility of all saints, all of God's people, all Christians to do the work of the ministry… to deacon. We learned that all the spiritual ministry and physical service that needs to be done in the church… is done by the church as a whole and not by a single office, group, or person. Week 1 was a huge culture shifter for our church. Not because we were extremely negligent in our duties – but because it finally voiced what I think a lot of us were thinking already. Ministry is done by the church as a whole. So when we appoint anyone to office, it is never to do all the work of ministry in the church. What about week 2… what did we learn in week 2? Right. We learned about the office of a Deacon. And for that, we went to the only 2 passages of scripture that deal with that office. The first was? Philippians 1:1 And what did we find there? It is a unique office from the Elders. It is in Leadership of some kind. It is Subordinate to the Elders. What was the second passage? I Timothy 3:8-13 And what did we find there? Yes. The qualifications of a Deacon… which are? Worthy of respect, not double tongued or hypocritical, not drinking a lot of wine, not greedy for money, holding the mystery of the faith with a clear conscience, tested first and found blameless, godly wives, husbands of one wife, managing their own houses competently. What was the key takeaway from these qualifications? What kind of person qualifies to be a Deacon with a capital D? Exactly – only those who are spiritually mature people. The moral and spiritual character of a person are the only characteristics that we are looking at to see if they are qualified to be Deacons the office. Not their understanding of plumbing, electrical, construction, or even a spiritual gift assessment. It is their personal spiritual character. But that left a big unanswered question for us didn't it? So, we had to go to week 3 looking for more answers about what exactly a Deacon the office does. We went to what passage of scripture? Acts 6:1-8 And how many times is the office of a Deacon mentioned there? Zero… right. So why can we feel comfortable in gleaning information about the office of a Deacon from this passage? Exactly. This is early in the church's history. The function of these men who were selected for this necessary task does not really conform to the office of an Elder. That lines up better with the Apostles in this passage. And since the bible only lists two offices in the church (Elder and Deacon) it seems that these are what we might call proto-Deacons. So, what did we learn about the role of a Deacon from this passage? Yes. A Deacon's role is to supply resources to and eliminate obstacles from those who are attempting to minister or serve other members of the body of Christ. We saw how the widows of the church were being given food daily – but not all of them. Some of them were forgotten. 7 men were appointed to this role, to make sure the task was done, and it got done. The saints ministered more effectively under their management and the widows were no longer neglected. In this we saw that the office of a Deacon is a servant to the servants. A minister to the ministers. A deacon to those who are deaconing. But in week 4 we addressed an issue regarding the two offices in the church. What did we talk about in week 4? We attempted to compare the offices of Elders and Deacons. In so doing, we looked at both the qualifications and roles that God has given each office as listed in scripture. When we compared the qualifications of Elders and Deacons, what did we find? Morally, Spiritually, they were VERY similar. What were some key differences? 1) Elders must be apt to teach. 2) Elders must be gentle, not violent, hospitable, controlled in their mind, having a good reputation with those outside the faith, not prone to anger, and not contentious. Meaning that Elders especially need to be spiritually mature enough to diffuse potentially explosive situations with people. 3) Women have some role in the execution of the office of a Deacon, whereas they do not in the execution of the office of an Elder. To seek clarity on these differences, we compared the roles of the Elders and the Deacons. In doing so we noticed that the stewardship of God's church does not fall on both offices of Elder and Deacon, but only on the Elders. And when we went to Acts 6, we noticed the subtle clue given by the Apostles. They recognized that it was THEIR responsibility, ultimately, to make sure that these widows were cared for… but they were unwilling to actually do the work of this and sacrifice their primary duties of prayer and the ministry of the world. In short, every corner of the church is under the oversight of the office of the Elder. They are responsible to equip the saints for the work of the ministry. We've stated that the Deacons give resources to and remove obstacles from God's people so they can do ministry. Doesn't that sound an awful lot like Ephesians 4 where Elders are to equip the saints for the work of the ministry? What does that mean? A Deacons role must be created when two conditions are met. 1.) There is a need for saints to be equipped to do the work of the ministry. But if this alone is true, then the Elders must equip the saint to do the work of the ministry. 2.) But if that task of equipping them would force the Elders to abandon their primary duties of teaching the word and prayer, then a Deacon must be appointed. Meaning what? If the need could have been met by the Apostles in Acts 6 – it would have been. Deacons then, toward the Elders, serve them by removing tasks that inherently prevent them from exercising their primary duties of prayer and teaching the Word. What this means practically is that the Elders and Deacons are not two branches of government. Rather the Elders under Christ, lead the church. The Deacons are the Elders' support who take tasks from the them so they can focus on their primary responsibilities. Elders Lead ministry, Deacons facilitate ministry. In this, Deacons do exercise authority, but authority limited in two big ways. 1.) It is under the Elders authority 2.) It is confined to the task that they have been given charge over. These limitations on a Deacons authority re-emphasize that although the Deacon is an office of the church, it is not a governing body. Oversight and stewardship of the church belongs exclusively to the Elders. Why? Because that is what the bible says. [Slide 3] Whew! We've learned a lot haven't we? What could we possibly still learn today? Well, there is one unresolved issue that I'd like to point out to you that actually contributes to our understanding of what a Deacon does. We know they are a servant and support to both the Elders and the rest of the congregation to help them do their various ministries and services. But what is the impact of such a role in the church? What can come of it, and what do they become? Does anyone remember the unresolved item from Acts 6? There are actually 2 of them. 1.) [Slide 4] Was the neglect of these widows intentional? 2.) What does it mean that Jewish priests were converting to Christ? Let's go back to Acts 6 and we'll read verses 1-7 one more time. [Slide 5] After reading this, let's endeavor to answer whether or not the Greek Speaking Jewish widows were being neglected on purpose or not. Here is what we know – we know that there had been tension between these two groups. The Hebraic Jews would see the Hellenistic Jews as less than them – as not really real Jews. But that was before they had come to Christ. It would not be surprising to come to Acts 6 and find several Jews going back to their old ways. However, I highly doubt that this was an intentional neglect of the Greek Speaking Jewish Widows. If I wanted to prove that to you – what evidence could I give from this passage and the book of Acts? 1.) The record of the church up to this point. In Acts 2, they held all things in common. In Acts 2 they shared all they had with each other. In Acts 4 they continued to share all things in common. In Acts 5 the people were gripped with fear and the warning against false piety and lying to the Spirit, and against sin in general. In Acts 5 they also saw rigorous obedience by the apostles, even at great personal risk, and seeing God bless their obedience. 2.) The apostles virtually ignore prejudice here. It seems like that would be something that should be addressed. If prejudice and racism is sin – why would the apostles ignore the sin and move to solve the symptom instead? 3.) The people grumbled or murmured. This seems to indicate that they were suspicious that it was intentional. Sometimes suspicion of something being done is just as powerful as if it was being done. So for these Greek-Speaking Jews to suspect that this was intentional, first doesn't mean it was, but second must be dealt with seriously because it could be just as damaging as if it was being done intentionally. 4.) After calling the entire group of disciples together (Meaning both the Greek Speaking and Hebrew Speaking Jews) and asking them to carefully select 7 men with godly character… who do they select? Stephen, Phillip, Prochorus, Nicanor, Timon, Parmenas, and Nicolas a Gentile convert to Judaism from Antioch. What is interesting about these men's names? a. All of them are Greek names. b. And because Nicolas is called out as a Gentile who converted to Judaism, it is reasonable to conclude of the others mentioned that they were… i. Jewish in race (except for Nicolas) ii. Jewish in religion before Christ (along with Nicolas) c. Meaning that the whole assembly gathered and selected 7 Hellenistic Jews to lead the effort in distributing the food to all the widows in the church. Based on all these reasons, I do not believe the neglect of these widows was deliberate. But I do think that the church as a whole wanted to insure everyone that it wasn't deliberate by taking every necessary action. They wanted the problem solved. They wanted to get back to ministry happening and having everything in common. So they selected 7 Hellenistic leaders to solve the problem, while simultaneously putting down even the whiff of prejudice among them. [Slide 6] Now what about the Jewish Priests converting to Christianity? There are a few of these “to sum up” statements in the book of Acts. Luke uses them to transition from one section to another and therefore we should see threads of the previous section connecting with the threads of the one that follows. Stephen's ministry, arrest, preaching, and murder will happen in the following several verses. Stephen's primary critique of the Judaism of his time was that the temple sacrifices were no longer necessary since they were but a picture of what Christ had accomplished. So, to see a comment from Luke about Jewish priests converting helps us to see that this message was being received, even by those within the temple system. More than likely these Jewish priests converted and stopped ministering in the temple. But another aspect of this connects with what we just saw, in how the early church dealt with each other. A ministry to care for the poor, suspected of prejudice, is now stronger than ever. Cultural and racial divides remain non-existent in the church. And the poorest among them are being cared for. A priest would know the law and what God spoke in His law about foreigners, proselytes, widows and orphans. God declared that the one who perverts justice on any of these groups is cursed. So, for this group of priests, who were probably not well off themselves because they were not part of the chief priests who were regularly critiqued for oppressing the people. For them to see God's law actually being fulfilled and racial prejudices subsiding, for them to see the poor actually cared for as an equal in the community of Christ, how could they not believe that God was doing something special in the lives of this group called Christians. In its short history of existence the church was solving racial and economical issues that had long plagued Israel. Even in our study in Foundations we've seen how some of the reason God judged the Northern and Southern Kingdom was because of their mistreatment of the poor and voiceless. Suddenly, this people group under a man from Nazareth, is solving these age-old problems? How? Can it be? Was He truly the Messiah? So based on all this – what can we learn about the office of a Deacon? [Slide 7] Deacons are shock-absorbers! They took what could have been a potentially explosive situation, risking the unity of the fledgling church, and absorbed all of the issues, softening and deadening its impact and thus solidifying the unity of the church. Now they didn't do it alone. The Apostles provided oversight, direction, wisdom and instruction. The congregation provided concern and uniquely suited men to solve such an issue. But these 7 men absorbed that shock in the church and from it, the church was more unified then when it began. Rather than speaking to their role I think this speaks to the effect of their role when done rightly. Deacons serve the Elders by taking tasks away from them that would distract them from prayer and the ministry of the word. In doing this, Deacons also serve the congregation by providing resources to and removing obstacles from them so that they can do ministry. The result of that great work – is unity. Peace. Love. And Patience. Deacons turn a situation that could have led to division, a situation that could have led to revolt, a situation that could have led to infighting, and they turn it to back to a vibrant godly ministry. Deacons absorb friction and keep the engine cool. And they are uniquely suited for this task, because they are spiritually mature people who love God's people, are submitted to their Elders, and desire to serve both. [Slide 8] So, what is a Deacon? A Deacon is a spiritually mature problem solver. A Deacon is a patient peacemaker. A Deacon is a Servant to those who serve. What isn't a Deacon? A Deacon is not involved in church government. A Deacon is not a mister fix it A Deacon doesn't do all the work A Deacon doesn't have authority over people so much as they do over tasks A Deacon doesn't contribute to gossip, backbiting, slander. Nor does a Deacon fan the flames of division, infighting, or army raising. What is a Deacon? [Slide 9] A Deacon is an office that this church desperately needs. So how do we go forward from here? First, can I say that although the Rummage sale brought in less money than it has in several years… our people stepped up and stepped in to get the work done, more than we have in the last several years. In the last couple months, I've seen people in this church pounce on ministry opportunities within the same hour it was posted on CBC scoop. I've seen people caring for, praying for, calling on, and helping each other. I've seen members and non-members alike step up to swing hammers and fix things. In short, many of you are understanding that to be a member of the body of Christ is to be a servant and minister to each other. This delights my heart. I think I can confidently say that we have a large group of people who are ready, willing, and able to serve each other. But we lack those who are able to get them together. We lack those who are able to organize the task and see to it that nothing and no one is forgotten. We lack those who are able to swoop in with support and not only make sure that people know where ministry is needed, but also meeting any needs those doing the ministry may have in order to complete it. And that is what the Elders are looking for. We certainly need people who are willing to serve and minister. But those folks aren't Deacons. Not necessarily anyway. Those folks are all of us. But we really need those who are spiritually mature and able to organize and facilitate ministry. Your Elders feel the weight of all that we are to oversee and much of it has nothing to do with praying or the ministry of the Word. There are many tasks that we would be happy to see managed and absorbed by another spiritually mature person in the church which we can trust to do it well. Maybe after having heard all the teaching on Deacons, you think you know of someone in our church who could do this. Maybe you think, after looking at the spiritual qualifications, that you are this kind of person. Submit the name to an Elder. But I thought Elders appoint Deacons? Of course they do. But that doesn't mean you can't submit a name. Even if it is your own. [Slide 10] But before you do that – there are two books I want you to read. Much of what they have in it is going to be repeats to what you have heard already – but maybe that is ok. 1.) Deacons by Matt Smethurst. It is 133 pages and gives a great overview of the office. 2.) What do Deacons Do? By Juan Sanchez – 44 pages Both of these books/booklets are put out by 9marks ministry. I highly recommend them before you submit any names – just to be sure that you understand the office for which you are recommending them. A third book you can read for extra credit would be “Paul's Vision for the Deacons “By Alexander Strauch – 192 pages – I have not read it yet but plan to read soon. You can also be praying for your Elders as we continue to investigate what role women have in the execution of the office of a Deacon. You can be praying for us as we determine what tasks specifically we are doing that keep us from praying and the ministry of the Word. And you can pray as we assess our folks for the spiritually mature, that it would be clear who God is giving to us as Deacons.

This morning we are continuing through the book of Acts, the story of the early church. In the first couple of chapters, Jesus has risen from the dead, ascended to heaven, and sent His Holy Spirit to be the presence and power of God inside each believer. Since then, the transformed disciples have been boldly sharing about Jesus' death for their sins and his resurrection and triumph over death, calling people to turn from their sin and self-centeredness to faith in Jesus, and thousands of people are coming to faith in Jesus. A multi-ethnic community has formed in Jerusalem that is growing like crazy, devoted to following Jesus and caring for everyone's needs. But in the past few chapters, the church has to deal with some real threats to their unity and witness. The first threat is persecution, as Peter and John are arrested by the Jewish religious leaders for proclaiming the gospel of Jesus to the crowd, and are warned to stop what they are doing. Soon after, all of the apostles are thrown in jail for doing the same in chapter 5. The second threat comes from inside:  corruption, as the hypocrisy of Ananias and Sapphira threatens to sow discord within the church. But the church passes both of those tests. In chapter 6, which we will look at today, the third threat comes in a very subtle way. Read Acts 6:1-7 In those days when the number of disciples was increasing, the Grecian Jews among them complained against the Hebraic Jews because their widows were being overlooked in the daily distribution of food.  2 So the Twelve gathered all the disciples together and said, "It would not be right for us to neglect the ministry of the word of God in order to wait on tables.  3 Brothers, choose seven men from among you who are known to be full of the Spirit and wisdom. We will turn this responsibility over to them  4 and will give our attention to prayer and the ministry of the word."  5 This proposal pleased the whole group. They chose Stephen, a man full of faith and of the Holy Spirit; also Philip, Procorus, Nicanor, Timon, Parmenas, and Nicolas from Antioch, a convert to Judaism.  6 They presented these men to the apostles, who prayed and laid their hands on them.  7 So the word of God spread. The number of disciples in Jerusalem increased rapidly, and a large number of priests became obedient to the faith. 

The Spirit Explodes Part 7 of 22 - The Martyrdom of Stephen (Acts 6:1 – 8:3) by Roger Kirby Luke, probably guided by Paul's memories of what happened, sees the teaching and death of Stephen as a major turning point in the progress of the Gospel. To this point opposition has come from the ruling classes in Jerusalem; the common people had approved of what was happening. From here on the believers lost the support of everybody. Consequently the focus of the Gospel is about to move outside Jerusalem. First: the background in Acts6:1–7. The “Grecian Jews” of the NIV probably means Greek speaking Jews who had retired to Jerusalem mainly in order to die there; “Hebraic Jews” probably means long term Aramaic speaking residents of the city. Each would have worshipped in a synagogue where their most familiar language was spoken. When some of each became Christian tensions arose. The seven chosen men are often called deacons but only because the Greek word for “waiting on tables” is diakonia. Their responsibilities do not match those described in the later NT letters. However we can learn useful lessons from them. Question 1: What were the criteria for choosing the seven? Can we relate these to our situation? All seven names are Greek. What does that tell us about the principles used in the fellowship? They were chosen purely on the basis of their spiritual depth. I don't know what happens where you are but all too often men and women are chosen for positions in the church on the basis of their practical qualifications. Their spirituality is the least of the attributes considered. That all of them were Greek speaking suggests that great care was taken to resolve the problems as quickly as possible. In Acts 6:8 – 7:1, which outline the nature of the problem, Stephen faced. The troubles started in one particularly radical synagogue, the Synagogue of the Freedmen. This included some from Cilicia, which is where Paul came from so he was probably a member of this meeting. Now we come to the long speech of Stephen, the longest in the book of Acts. It is not at all easy to see how what he said related to the charges against him, and what upset them so much and caused him to be lynched, so I will interrupt my wife's reading of the speech as we go along to try and explain it. Stephen starts his speech by referring back to God's promise to Abraham. What he says is standard Jewish thinking and quite unobjectionable, but he is starting to emphasise the way that Abraham had no firm roots in any place. Read Acts 7:2 – 8. Isaac and Jacob were uninteresting to Stephen because they had secure roots in Israel. So he moves on to Joseph who did not have secure roots. He also points out that Joseph was rejected by those who should have supported him, his brothers. Read Acts 7:9 – 19. Next comes Moses, again a wanderer on the face of the earth, as Stephen is careful to emphasise. He also emphasises that Moses too suffered rejection by his own people on more than one occasion. Read Acts7:20 – 43. He continues to trace the history of his people beginning to emphasise the tabernacle as the place where God dwelt. Although David enjoyed God's favour he did not get building the temple. Read Acts 7:44 – 47. He has now set the scene for what he wants to say. He has also by his strong emphasis on Moses effectively rebutted the charge that Jesus was going to change the customs of the law. Remembering how the apostles had been treated by these people he probably had decided he was likely to die anyway and he was not going to do so without making his points. So he continues by making two points: 1) the temple was not as important as they thought it was as all these great men had lived without it, being prepared to meet and worship God anywhere they happened to be. Even if Jesus had said he would destroy the temple (as he hadn't) it would not have mattered; 2) many of these true prophets of old had been rejected by the people, as Jesus was. They, his hearers, had acted wrongly, but that was nothing new. Read Acts 7:48 – 53. He was not exactly diplomatic in the way he put it! The reaction was overwhelming. The veiled argument behind the history is that God is not limited to any one place, in particular the temple. He is therefore not under the control of the Sanhedrin. Their power is finished. The true next step in the purposes of God is with Jesus and his people. Read Acts 7:54 – 8: 1a. Question 2: What are the practical implications today of there being no particular place where the Lord is to be worshipped? In what ways do people wrongly contradict that fact? Cathedrals, and the like, can be wonderful places but they don't really fit into the scene Stephen paints. The idea that the temple in Jerusalem should be rebuilt, as advocated by some people, also falls before Stephen's argument. It doesn't matter where we gather and worship. The important things are gathering and worshiping. Question 3: Stephen was obviously a vigorous personality who was not prepared to keep quiet, even if he was also full of the Holy Spirit! Such people are not always comfortable to live with. What place should such people have in the present day church? There ought to be room for every personality type in every fellowship. It is important that the leadership of every group uses to the full the best attributes of everyone while curbing their less useful attributes, whether that be making too much noise or too little! Probably it was when Stephen said that he saw the Son of Man standing at the right hand of God that his fate was sealed. Jesus said something similar when he said that the Son of Man would be seated at the right hand of God and that was the point at which they decided to kill him. Both were referring to Daniel 7 where one like a Son of Man approached the Ancient of Days and was given authority, glory and sovereign power. Question 4: Why were these statements taken so amiss? These were the clearest possible statements that Jesus was the Messiah and that he would be given the authority and power they (the members of the Sanhedrin) so much enjoyed. Beware the love of power! Read Acts 8: 1 – 3 And so the purposes of God were fulfilled in the persecution and scattering of the church. Right Mouse click or tap here to download episode 7 as an audio mp3 file

Thanks for listening!  Please support the Rob Skinner Podcast on Patreon at https://www.patreon.com/robskinner. This episode is the third of a three-part series called “Go Get It.”  I'm going to be talking about how to make 2022 your best year so far spiritually.  I know that if you are listening to this podcast that you are ambitious for Christ.  You are hungry to make this life count and to do whatever it takes to grow spiritually and make a difference for God.  I want to share with you three things that will help you make 2022 your best year so far.  I talked about: Get happy Get Help This final episode the title is Get Focused. All this and more on the Rob Skinner Podcast!  Get Focused Luke 10:39-42 39 She had a sister called Mary, who sat at the Lord's feet listening to what he said. 40 But Martha was distracted by all the preparations that had to be made. She came to him and asked, “Lord, don't you care that my sister has left me to do the work by myself? Tell her to help me!” 41 “Martha, Martha,” the Lord answered, “you are worried and upset about many things, 42 but few things are needed—or indeed only one. Mary has chosen what is better, and it will not be taken away from her.” Martha was a loving, caring person and was worried and upset, distracted by many things. Mary focused on only one thing: Being with Jesus, focusing on him and listening to him. By nature, small church leaders have to do many things. You have to be good at many different things: Setting a good example Preaching Raising a good family Being kind and encouraging Meeting needs Bringing visitors Organizing events, Sundays and midweeks Building your career if you are self-supporting This is why ministers burn-out and quit: A 2013 study from the Schaeffer Institute reports that 1,700 pastors leave the ministry each month, citing depression, burnout, or being overworked as the primary reasons. According to the study, 90% of pastors report working 55 to 70 hours a week, and 50% of them feel unable to meet the demands of the job. You start in ministry doing what you love the most: Preaching Teaching the gospel in Bible studies Staying close to God When you grow your church, the number of problems only increases. Personal sharing Discipling too many people Trying to meet all the needs Taking on too many extra projects Not doing what really brought me joy Becoming an administrator rather than what I loved. Look at how the Apostles got focused in Acts 6:1 In those days when the number of disciples was increasing, the Hellenistic Jews among them complained against the Hebraic Jews because their widows were being overlooked in the daily distribution of food. 2 So the Twelve gathered all the disciples together and said, “It would not be right for us to neglect the ministry of the word of God in order to wait on tables. 3 Brothers and sisters, choose seven men from among you who are known to be full of the Spirit and wisdom. We will turn this responsibility over to them 4 and will give our attention to prayer and the ministry of the word…” 7 So the word of God spread. The number of disciples in Jerusalem increased rapidly, and a large number of priests became obedient to the faith. The church was growing, the needs were growing. How did the apostles respond?  They met the needs through others and refocused on their primary calling. What's the solution for us? Figure out your “One Thing” Share about the book: “The One Thing” by Gary Keller He says we should ask ourselves: “What's the One Thing I can do such that by doing it everything else will be easier or unnecessary?” Practical application: List all the areas that matter to you: (Show Worksheet) Relationship with God Ministry and leadership Personal evangelism and outreach Marriage and family Finances Friends Fun and adventure New Skills or Learning What can you do to improve in those areas? List out five ideas Circle the “one thing” that will make the biggest difference. Personal example 2022 Decisions: Spirituality: Weekly Sabbath Church and Family: Consistent, weekly discipling times with Pam & my primary leaders Health Walk 10,000 steps a day Conclusion Get happy Delight yourself in the Lord Get help Pray and ask for outside attention and “eyes” to help you see what you might be missing Get focused Put the work in to narrow your focus on what makes the biggest difference in the areas that matter the most to you and God.

Introduction Acts 6:1–7 (CSB) 1 In those days, as the disciples were increasing in number, there arose a complaint by the Hellenistic Jews against the Hebraic Jews that their widows were being overlooked in the daily distribution. 2 The Twelve summoned the whole company of the disciples and said, “It…

The devotion for today, Monday, August 16 was written by Dan Peeler and is narrated by Judithann Anderson. Today's Words of Inspiration come from Acts 6. 1-4: In those days when the number of disciples was increasing, the Hellenistic Jews among them complained against the Hebraic Jews because their widows were being overlooked in the daily distribution of food. So, the Twelve gathered all the disciples together and said, “It would not be right for us to neglect the ministry of the word of God in order to wait on tables. Brothers and sisters, choose seven from among you who are known to be full of the Spirit and wisdom. We will turn this responsibility over to them and will give our attention to prayer and the ministry of the word.

Matthew 21:12-13 Jesus entered the temple courts and drove out all who were buying and selling there. He overturned the tables of the money changers and the benches of those selling doves.  13  “It is written,” he said to them, “‘My house will be called a house of prayer,’ but you are making it ‘a den of robbers.’” (NIV) Act 6:1 In those days when the number of disciples was increasing, the Hellenistic Jews among them complained against the Hebraic Jews because their widows were being overlooked in the daily distribution of food. (NIV) 1 Corinthians 3:3–4 You are still worldly. For since there is jealousy and quarreling among you, are you not worldly? Are you not acting like mere humans? 4  For when one says, “I follow Paul,” and another, “I follow Apollos,” are you not mere human beings? (NIV) James 4:1-2 What is causing the quarrels and fights among you? Don’t they come from the evil desires at war within you? You want what you don’t have, so you scheme and kill to get it. You are jealous of what others have, but you can’t get it, so you fight and wage war to take it away from them. Yet you don’t have what you want because you don’t ask God for it. (NLT) 1 Corinthians 5:1-2 It is actually reported that there is sexual immorality among you, and of a kind that even pagans do not tolerate: A man is sleeping with his father’s wife. 2  And you are proud! Shouldn’t you rather have gone into mourning and have put out of your fellowship the man who has been doing this? (NIV) 1 Corinthians 11:17-18 But in the following instructions, I cannot praise you. For it sounds as if more harm than good is done when you meet together.  18  First, I hear that there are divisions among you when you meet as a church, and to some extent I believe it. (NLT) 2 Timothy 4:9-10 Do your best to come to me quickly,  10  for Demas, because he loved this world, has deserted me and has gone to Thessalonica. Crescens has gone to Galatia, and Titus to Dalmatia.  (NIV) 2 Timothy 4:14–18 Alexander the metalworker did me a great deal of harm. The Lord will repay him for what he has done. 15  You too should be on your guard against him, because he strongly opposed our message. 16  At my first defense, no one came to my support, but everyone deserted me. May it not be held against them. 17  But the Lord stood at my side and gave me strength, so that through me the message might be fully proclaimed and all the Gentiles might hear it. And I was delivered from the lion’s mouth. 18  The Lord will rescue me from every evil attack and will bring me safely to his heavenly kingdom. To him be glory for ever and ever. Amen. (NIV) 1. Acknowledge the hurt 2. Be confident that the Lord will deal with those who hurt you 2 Timothy 4:14 Alexander the metalworker did me a great deal of harm. The Lord will repay him for what he has done. (NIV) Romans 12:19 Do not take revenge, my dear friends, but leave room for God’s wrath, for it is written: “It is mine to avenge; I will repay,”  says the Lord. (NIV) 3. Do not confuse God’s people with God 2 Timothy 4:17-18 But the Lord stood at my side and gave me strength, so that through me the message might be fully proclaimed and all the Gentiles might hear it. And I was delivered from the lion’s mouth. 18  The Lord will rescue me from every evil attack and will bring me safely to his heavenly kingdom. To him be glory for ever and ever. Amen. (NIV) 4. Do not give up on all people because of some people 2 Timothy 4:9 Do your best to come to me quickly (NIV) 2 Timothy 4:11   Only Luke is with me. Get Mark and bring him with you, because he is helpful to me in my ministry. (NIV) 5. Do not forfeit your purpose because of the pain 2 Timothy 4:17 But the Lord stood at my side and gave me strength, so that through me the message might be fully proclaimed and all the Gentiles might hear it. And I was delivered from the lion’s mouth. (NIV) Colossians 3:13 Make allowance for each other’s faults, and forgive anyone who offends you. Remember, the Lord forgave you, so you must forgive others. (NLT) Hebrews 12:15   Look after each other so that none of you fails to receive the grace of God. Watch out that no poisonous root of bitterness grows up to trouble you, corrupting many. (NLT)

Acts 6:1-2 In those days when the number of disciples was increasing, the Hellenistic Jews among them complained against the Hebraic Jews because their widows were being overlooked in the daily distribution of food. 2 So the Twelve gathered all the disciples together and said, “It would not be right for us to neglect the ministry of the word of God in order to wait on tables.

Join us as Brian continues The Greatest Stories Rarely Told, taking a look at some of the greatest, yet lesser-known stories of the Bible, that point back to our 3 core values; Sacrificial Generosity, Radical Hospitality, and Uncommon Humility. I've accepted Jesus • https://willamette.cc/follow-christ • Let us know you made this decision, and we'll help you discover what's next! Get Baptized • https://willamette.cc/baptisms • If you have accepted Jesus but have never had the opportunity to celebrate your new life in Him through water baptism, this is your next step! Share Your Story • https://willamette.cc/grow#story • How is God working in and through your life? If you want to share your story, fill out a short form to let us know! Sermon Notes - June 27, 2021The Greatest Stories Rarely Told - Brian Becker “A disciple is a person who has decided that the most important thing in their life is to learn how to do what Jesus said to do. A disciple is not a person who has things under control, or knows a lot of things. Disciples simply are people who are constantly revising their affairs to carry through on their decision to follow Jesus.” - Dallas Willard Sacrificial GenerosityRadical HospitalityUncommon Humility Acts 6:1-7 (NIV)In those days when the number of disciples was increasing, the Hellenistic Jews among them complained against the Hebraic Jews because their widows were being overlooked in the daily distribution of food. So the Twelve gathered all the disciples together and said, “It would not be right for us to neglect the ministry of the word of God in order to wait on tables. Brothers and sisters, choose seven men from among you who are known to be full of the Spirit and wisdom. We will turn this responsibility over to them and will give our attention to prayer and the ministry of the word.”This proposal pleased the whole group. They chose Stephen, a man full of faith and of the Holy Spirit; also Philip, Procorus, Nicanor, Timon, Parmenas, and Nicolas from Antioch, a convert to Judaism. They presented these men to the apostles, who prayed and laid their hands on them. So the word of God spread. The number of disciples in Jerusalem increased rapidly, and a large number of priests became obedient to the faith.In those days when the number of disciples was increasing…___________________________________________________________ So the word of God spread. The number of disciples in Jerusalem increased rapidly… Acts 5:14 (NIV)“…more and more men and women believed in the Lord and were added to their number.” Acts 5:16 (NIV)“…Crowds gathered also from the towns around Jerusalem, bringing their sick and those tormented by impure spirits, and all of them were healed.” Acts 4:31 (NIV)“…After they prayed, the place where they were meeting was shaken. And they were all filled with the Holy Spirit and spoke the word of God boldly.” Acts 6:1a (NIV)In those days when the number of disciples was increasing… Acts 6:1 (NIV)In those days when the number of disciples was increasing, the Hellenistic Jews among them complained against the Hebraic Jews because their widows were being overlooked in the daily distribution of food. 1 John 3:16-18 (NIV)This is how we know what love is: Jesus Christ laid down his life for us. And we ought to lay down our lives for our brothers and sisters. If anyone has material possessions and sees a brother or sister in need but has no pity on them, how can the love of God be in that person? Dear children, let us not love with words or speech but with actions and in truth. Acts 6:3-4 (NIV)Brothers and sisters, choose seven men from among you who are known to be full of the Spirit and wisdom. We will turn this responsibility over to them 4and will give our attention to prayer and the ministry of the word.” 5This proposal pleased the whole group. Acts 6:5 (NIV)They chose Stephen, a man full of faith and of the Holy Spirit; also Philip, Procorus, Nicanor, Timon, Parmenas, and Nicolas from Antioch, a convert to Judaism. Acts 6:7 (NIV)So the word of God spread. The number of disciples in Jerusalem increased rapidly, and a large number of priests became obedient to the faith. The gospel flows through generosity. Malachi 3:10 (NIV)Bring the whole tithe into the storehouse, that there may be food in my house. Test me in this,” says the Lord Almighty, “and see if I will not throw open the floodgates of heaven and pour out so much blessing that there will not be room enough to store it. Proverbs 11:25 (NIV)A generous person will prosper; whoever refreshes others will be refreshed. Do you see God's generosity towards you?How has your view on generosity expanded?Are you willing to do something new? The gospel flows through generosity.

Partakers Bible Thought 26 May 2021 Evidence for the work of the Holy Spirit G’day and welcome to Partakers Podcasts! Yesterday, we finished with the question “What is the best evidence for the work of the Holy Spirit?” We concluded by saying it is where people’s lives were being transformed and becoming more like Jesus Christ. Today we look together at an example of the evidence for the work of the Holy Spirit in the New Testament Church. Tomorrow, we will start to go on to look at the New Testament church and the story of Stephen. 1 In those days when the number of disciples was increasing, the Hellenistic Jews among them complained against the Hebraic Jews because their widows were being overlooked in the daily distribution of food. 2 So the Twelve gathered all the disciples together and said, ‘It would not be right for us to neglect the ministry of the word of God in order to wait on tables. 3 Brothers and sisters, choose seven men from among you who are known to be full of the Spirit and wisdom. We will turn this responsibility over to them 4 and will give our attention to prayer and the ministry of the word.’ 5 This proposal pleased the whole group. They chose Stephen, a man full of faith and of the Holy Spirit; also Philip, Procorus, Nicanor, Timon, Parmenas, and Nicolas from Antioch, a convert to Judaism. 6 They presented these men to the apostles, who prayed and laid their hands on them. 7 So the word of God spread. The number of disciples in Jerusalem increased rapidly, and a large number of priests became obedient to the faith. (Acts 6:1-7)   Click or tap here to download this podcast as a MP3  

In those days when the number of disciples was increasing, the Hellenistic Jews among them complained against the Hebraic Jews because their widows were being overlooked in the daily distribution of food. So the Twelve gathered all the disciples together and said, “It would not be right for us to neglect the ministry of the word of God in order to wait on tables. Brothers and sisters, choose seven men from among you who are known to be full of the Spirit and wisdom. We will turn this responsibility over to them and will give our attention to prayer and the ministry of the word.”This proposal pleased the whole group. They chose Stephen, a man full of faith and of the Holy Spirit; also Philip, Procorus, Nicanor, Timon, Parmenas, and Nicolas from Antioch, a convert to Judaism. They presented these men to the apostles, who prayed and laid their hands on them.So the word of God spread. The number of disciples in Jerusalem increased rapidly, and a large number of priests became obedient to the faith.Acts 6:1-7 Support the show (http://www.clarksburgchurch.com)

The Choosing of the Seven 6 In those days when the number of disciples was increasing, the Hellenistic Jews[a] among them complained against the Hebraic Jews because their widows were being overlooked in the daily distribution of food. 2 So the Twelve gathered all the disciples together and said, “It would not be right for us to neglect the ministry of the word of God in order to wait on tables. 3 Brothers and sisters, choose seven men from among you who are known to be full of the Spirit and wisdom. We will turn this responsibility over to them 4 and will give our attention to prayer and the ministry of the word.” 5 This proposal pleased the whole group. They chose Stephen, a man full of faith and of the Holy Spirit; also Philip, Procorus, Nicanor, Timon, Parmenas, and Nicolas from Antioch, a convert to Judaism. 6 They presented these men to the apostles, who prayed and laid their hands on them. 7 So the word of God spread. The number of disciples in Jerusalem increased rapidly, and a large number of priests became obedient to the faith. Stephen Seized 8 Now Stephen, a man full of God’s grace and power, performed great wonders and signs among the people. 9 Opposition arose, however, from members of the Synagogue of the Freedmen (as it was called)—Jews of Cyrene and Alexandria as well as the provinces of Cilicia and Asia—who began to argue with Stephen. 10 But they could not stand up against the wisdom the Spirit gave him as he spoke. 11 Then they secretly persuaded some men to say, “We have heard Stephen speak blasphemous words against Moses and against God.” 12 So they stirred up the people and the elders and the teachers of the law. They seized Stephen and brought him before the Sanhedrin. 13 They produced false witnesses, who testified, “This fellow never stops speaking against this holy place and against the law. 14 For we have heard him say that this Jesus of Nazareth will destroy this place and change the customs Moses handed down to us.” 15 All who were sitting in the Sanhedrin looked intently at Stephen, and they saw that his face was like the face of an angel.

In those days when the number of disciples was increasing, the Hellenistic Jews among them complained against the Hebraic Jews because their widows were being overlooked in the daily distribution of food. So the Twelve gathered all the disciples together and said, “It would not be right for us to neglect the ministry of the Word of God in order to wait on tables. Brothers and sisters, choose seven men from among you who are known to be full of the Spirit and wisdom. We will turn this responsibility over to them and will give our attention to prayer and the ministry of the Word.” This proposal pleased the whole group. They chose Stephen, a man full of faith and of the Holy Spirit; also Philip, Procorus, Nicanor, Timon, Parmenas, and Nicolas from Antioch, a convert to Judaism. They presented these men to the apostles, who prayed and laid their hands on them. So the word of God spread. The number of disciples in Jerusalem increased rapidly, and a large number of priests became obedient to the faith. (Acts 6:1-7) www.liteburden.com

Overview: “In those days, as the disciples were increasing in number, there arose a complaint by the Hellenistic Jews against the Hebraic Jews that their widows were being overlooked in the daily distribution. The Twelve summoned the whole company of the disciples and said, “It would not be right for us to give up preaching the word of God to wait on tables. Brothers and sisters, select from among you seven men of good reputation, full of the Spirit and wisdom, whom we can appoint to this duty. But we will devote ourselves to prayer and to the ministry of the word.” This proposal pleased the whole company. So they chose Stephen, a man full of faith and the Holy Spirit, and Philip, Prochorus, Nicanor, Timon, Parmenas, and Nicolaus, a convert from Antioch. They had them stand before the apostles, who prayed and laid their hands on them.”-Acts 6:1-6In this episode, Austin and Isaac do something a little different and work through a passage of Scripture to think through what it can teach us. The situation in Acts 6 is not perfectly analogous to our racial moment, but there are many things for us to learn. Listen and pray with us. Links & Show Notes:Is Talking About Race Unbiblical?Word Study: InjusticeTo learn more about United? We Pray follow us on Twitter or our website. Please consider rating the podcast on Apple Podcasts, and subscribe using your favorite podcast client to hear more!Produced by Josh Deng with editing by Roshane Ricketts.

4.  Church Begins - Let's Get Organized Today we go back to the beginning of Acts 6.  So far in the book of Acts, we can see that the Church has come under attack by the world (through persecution) and satan (through deceit & moral compromise). A new crisis has appeared.  Unable to destroy the church by way of persecution and deceit, satan now tries to create a split in the church by getting believers to argue and fight with each other.  If satan had succeeded in creating an implosion within this church, the only church in existence at the time, then the effects could have been devastating.  I have had people tell me they want a church without any form of organizational structure.  If a church has no organizational and leadership structure then it will soon have chaos instead of harmony, and will collapse rather than grow.  Of course, some leaders are corrupt or make wrong decisions as we have seen already, but Godly leaders will not be corrupt and as we shall see, make decisions that are wise and based on prayer and spiritual insights. So, what was the problem, what was the solution and what happened after it was resolved?   The Problem! (Actsv1) Now in those days, when the number of the disciples was multiplying, a complaint arose from the Hellenists against the Hebrews, because their widows were neglected in the daily service. Good news - they were growing, but this had caused a problem! Bad news - Some widows were not being cared for! Hebraic Jews had always lived in the then nation of Israel, spoke mainly Aramaic and some Hebraic.  They would have been well used to life in a Jewish society, the Temple and avoiding those who were not Jews: the Gentiles.. Grecian or Hellenestic Jews were part of the Jewish Diaspora, born elsewhere within the known world and had returned to Jerusalem.  These mainly spoke Greek, and were well used to working with Gentiles. We know that widows were and are important to God, because justice is important to God.  God is a God of justice and mercy.  In the Old Testament, under the Law of Moses, God commanded provision for those who were widows, oppressed or uncared for.  The Apostles would have known about God caring for the widows and in Jesus teaching about justice for the poor and the oppressed.  We know this because earlier in Acts 2 and 4, people were selling and sharing possessions and ensuring that people within the Christian community were being looked after and cared for.  This included making sure that everyone got fed, particularly those who had no family to care for them.  Somehow, unintentional or not, this group of widows were missing out. What then happened? The Solution! (Actsv2-6) The twelve summoned the multitude of the disciples and said, "It is not appropriate for us to forsake the word of God and serve tables.  Therefore select from among you, brothers, seven men of good report, full of the Holy Spirit and of wisdom, whom we may appoint over this business.  But we will continue steadfastly in prayer and in the ministry of the word." These words pleased the whole multitude. They chose Stephen, a man full of faith and of the Holy Spirit, Philip, Prochorus, Nicanor, Timon, Parmenas, and Nicolaus, a proselyte of Antioch; whom they set before the apostles. When they had prayed, they laid their hands on them. Three things about the solution a. Transformation of the Apostles - James, Peter & John particularly (v2) Its not stated here, but a transformation had taken place! Only a few short time ago, the disciples of Jesus had refused to wash feet as an act of service (Peter); some had wanted positions of power and greatness (James & John).  Their old nature must have started asking questions and prompting them to react negatively.  The world has attacked the church, satan has attacked the church, and now satan would have been using the Apostles old nature to attack the church.  But - as they are transformed by the indwelling Holy Spirit and now have a new nature, the nature of Jesus Christ, they react much more righteously and judiciously. b. All together now! (v2-5) Notice they gathered all the believers together for a church meeting.  The gave their opinion or judgment if you like, that their ministry or time would be better spent doing what God had called them to do - to be leaders of the Church, praying, preaching, evangelizing and discerning how best to apply the 3 years of teaching that they had had when travelling with Jesus Christ before His ascension.  Their time, rightly so, was best spent doing that, for that was their ministry of service.  But other people in the church gathering, who had a ministry of service and overseeing the food distribution, could spend their time doing that!  So what of these seven men with Greek names? They were elected by the whole church, both Grecian and Hebraic, to perform this duty. They may already have been doing it, but now were being set apart especially for this role.  These men were controlled by the Holy Spirit and were wise.  They were chosen to give relief to the leadership so that the Word of God and prayer would not be hindered. c. Commissioning (v6) Interestingly enough, the word diakonia is translated here as ministry.  Another way to translate it is as deacons.  But, they were not deacons in the way the Paul uses the word as part of a church government in 1 Timothy 3.  Rather they were deacons, set apart for this specific task - it was their ministry.  It may well have been from here, that Paul developed what some parts of the universal church understands of the role of deacons.  So these seven men, were prototypes as it were, for the Paul-ine idea of deacons. Note also that the Apostles didn't say their work was more important than serving.  They were just following what God had called them to do, just as God had called these seven men to take responsibility for providing food for the widows. So they were commissioned by God, by the laying on of hands and set apart to perform it.  We know only of Steven and Phillip and that they continued doing other ministries as well as this. The Result! (v7) The word of God increased and the number of the disciples multiplied in Jerusalem exceedingly. A great company of the priests were obedient to the faith. The result was growth!  Growth and witness may well see the conversion of former enemies. Growth and witness may well see reasoning and transformation. Now that the Apostles had time for their dedicated and unique ministry, all the widows could be fed, and all believers able to participate within the life of the church.  Not only that, Stephen was instrumental in reaching the Apostle Paul (Acts 7v58). Philip was instrumental in reaching the city of Samaria and won over for Jesus Christ (Acts 8v4-25 ), the Ethiopian Eunuch who would have then taken the gospel to Africa. (Acts 8v26-40 ) This growth was where the word of God increased in its effectiveness in the lives of those unbelievers who would listen to the gospel.  This growth was not merely addition but multiplication! It was explosive!  So explosive that even former enemies were becoming converts! Sadducees were Jewish believers who didn't believe in a bodily resurrection - yet they came to faith and started to believe in the bodily resurrection of Jesus Christ.  It's not hard to imagine that some of those Priests coming to faith in Jesus Christ were former persecutors of the Church!  They were watching the church to see how best to attack and debate them. Yet found that they were joining the church, rather than continuing to oppose it. The church was preaching one thing and acting upon it.  There was no hypocrisy within the church. The church was transparent - it lived as it believed.  The church was seen as transformative and servant-like.  While the Church continued to reason with others about the validity of Jesus Christ's claims to be the Messiah, it would have not been effective if lives were not being transformed.  If lives were not being changed, then no amount of reasoning alone would have seen the growth in numbers being added to the Church.  Just as transformation and change alone would not have been the catalyst for growth, without the reasoning behind it. Transformation The early Church was a radical community of believers, growing quickly.  At Pentecost, the church community began when the Holy Spirit filled the Disciples (Acts 2v4). The hallmarks of this community were commitment and transformation. This community was radical. It was where people's lives were being changed as the Holy Spirit filled them. Instead of being a withdrawn people filled with fear of retribution from the Roman government and Jewish leaders, they became a people filled with boldness and joy. This church in Jerusalem grew by being a radical community imbued with radical individuals engaging with others and serving. It was a church where every member was asked and expected to play some role, in the life of the church.  The Christian life is to be dynamic and active.  As we have seen the word "deacon" here denotes ministry.  Ministry is any service for Jesus Christ. When you serve as God's deacon in this way, God's honour is released.  That's why the embryonic Church in Jerusalem grew and flourished.  This is done because service shows the beauty and glory of Jesus Christ to those being served and to those watching.  That is to be our motive for service. Serving and ministry should never to be about what you and I can get out of it.  When that is the motive, God is not glorified. God's glory and supremacy is our goal as Christians.  Spiritual growth comes from serving rather than being served.  This is because what ever is given in service of God and others, faith grows and Jesus Christ gives back even more.  Jesus speaking in Matthew 25v15-30 tells of the rewards for faithful service and the penalties for being faithless. Serving others is a sign that you are trusting God and having faith in God.  Serving God and others is the mark of a spiritually maturity and through service, the greatest servant of all, is reflected: Jesus Christ, who came to serve and give his very life for others (Mark 10v45).  As Christians, we are to be as Jesus Christ (Romans 8v28; Philippians 2v5) and to serve.  Yet if we are honest, we sometimes feel incapable, just as Moses did (Exodus 3).  An excellent example to follow is that of the deacon Stephen. Right mouse click or tap here to save this Podcast as a MP3. You can now purchase our Partakers books! Please do click or tap here to visit our Amazon site! Click or tap on the appropriate link below to subscribe, share or download our iPhone App!

Going Deeper Have you ever felt “overlooked” in a way that you didn’t feel seen by someone else? What impresses you most about the leadership of the Early Church in Acts 6:1-7? If they did not respond to this complaint it would’ve crippled the church’s ability to grow—agree or disagree?Where do you have power and for whom will you leverage it? Teaching NotesIn those days when the number of disciples was increasing, the Hellenistic Jews among them complained against the Hebraic Jews because their widows were being overlooked in the daily distribution of food. (Acts 6:1) Hebraic Jews - they were the ones who lived in Jerusalem, their heritage was from there, and they looked down on Jews were from other places Hellensitic Jews - which means, Greek Jews who were, now Jewish converts to Jesus but those deep-seeded rivalries were still in play. INTERNAL THREAT will take you down. Every time. The 5 Stages of How The Mighty Fall by Jim Collins Stage #1: Hubris Stage #2: More Stage #3: Denial Stage #4: Grasping Stage #5: Capitulation So the Twelve gathered all the disciples together and said, “It would not be right for us to neglect the ministry of the word of God in order to wait on tables. Brothers and sisters, choose seven men from among you who are known to be full of the Spirit and wisdom. We will turn this responsibility over to them and will give our attention to prayer and the ministry of the word.” This proposal pleased the whole group. They chose Stephen, a man full of faith and of the Holy Spirit; also Philip, Procorus, Nicanor, Timon, Parmenas, and Nicolas from Antioch, a convert to Judaism. They presented these men to the apostles, who prayed and laid their hands on them. So the word of God spread. The number of disciples in Jerusalem increased rapidly, and a large number of priests became obedient to the faith.Acts 6:2-7 Big Idea: Nothing is more powerful Than when those with power Leverage that power For the powerless. Q: So where do you have power? The 5 Stages of How The Mighty _______ #1 They Listened. In these moments, we listen for a person’s pain. Ruby Sales, civil rights leader: “Where does it hurt?” # 2 They Saw. ...because their widows were being overlooked in the daily distribution of food. Acts 6:1“Overlook” Greek: paratheōreō theōreō - to see para - through This is the question everyone is asking: ‘“Do you see me?” # 3 They Did Something About It Brothers and sisters, choose seven men from among you who are known to be full of the Spirit and wisdom…Acts 6:3They re-structured They set clear guidelines They communicated Established a feedback loop #4 They Empowered. We will turn this responsibility over to them… Acts 6:3 This proposal pleased the whole group. (Acts 6:5) Who did they choose? Hebraic Jews? Hellenistic Jews? #5 They Celebrated They presented these men to the apostles, who prayed and laid their hands on them. (Acts 6:6) Challenge: Where do you have power and how will you leverage it? Sunday Set ListWho You Say I Am- Hillsong WorshipIt Is So- Elevation WorshipThis I Believe- Hillsong WorshipGlorious Day (Living He Loved Me)- Casting CrownsBe sure to follow our Spotify Worship Playlist, updated weekly with the upcoming Sunday’s set!

Hello and welcome to season 2 episode 94 of The Berean Manifesto brought to you by The Ekklesian House.  This is Pastor Bill and over the next 10 minutes, or so, we are going to continue our series on the elementary teachings of Christianity with this, our fourth installment. I would encourage you to start at the beginning of this series in season 2 episode 91 about baptism.  The topics in this series are the milk of Christian theology.  These are the things we understand to be the very first basics that you should teach a new Christian you are discipling.  Something we don't see a lot of these days, discipling, so a lot of Christians haven't been taught this stuff.  This list comes straight from Hebrews 6:1-2 CSB, “[1] Therefore, let us leave the elementary teaching about Christ and go on to maturity, not laying again a foundation of repentance from dead works, faith in God, [2] teaching about ritual washings, laying on of hands, the resurrection of the dead, and eternal judgment.”  In this installment we'll be taking about the laying on of hands.  There are three major uses of the laying on of hands recorded in the New Testament.  These are for healing, for ordination to official positions of ministry, and the infilling or baptism of the Holy Spirit.  There is also reference to Paul using the laying on of hands to stir up the gifts of the Spirit in Timothy, but this probably took place at Timothy's ordination and with lack of any other mention doesn't make it to our list. The most common instance of the laying on of hands in the Bible is for healing.  Jesus did a lot of commanding people to be healed, but He also did a fair amount of touching people and they were healed.  In Mark 16:18 Jesus tells the disciples that believers in Christ will lay hands on the sick and they will get well.  We only have one recorded instance after that point in the Bible that clearly tells us that someone laid hands on someone else and they were healed.  Acts 28:7-9 CSB, it says, “[7] Now in the area around that place was an estate belonging to the leading man of the island, named Publius, who welcomed us and entertained us hospitably for three days. [8] Publius's father was in bed suffering from fever and dysentery. Paul went to him, and praying and laying his hands on him, he healed him. [9] After this, the rest of those on the island who had diseases also came and were healed.”  We shouldn't be too concerned at the lack of recorded instances of the laying on of hands for healing in the New Testament.  Given the prevalence of healings that were recorded as being performed by Christ and the fact that Jesus gave the laying of hands for the sick for their healing as one of the key identifier of believers, it was probably such common place that it's likely that the New Testament authors didn't give a second thought to writing down every time someone was healed after the laying on of hands. So, as a Christian, should you lay hands on the sick in prayer and expect them to be healed?  Absolutely!  Will it always end in the person being miraculously healed?  In my experience, no.  Also in my experience, sometimes.  Being a human, and therefore imperfect, unless the Holy Spirit imparts you with special knowledge you can't know what is going on in someone's life or their heart.  Most of the time when Jesus healed people He credited their faith for the miracle, not His power.  It's your job to obey the Holy Spirit and minister love to others, sometimes that means praying for someone and they're healed.  Sometimes that means praying over someone and sticking with them through their struggle if that healing doesn't happen. Let's talk about ordination.  Ordination in the Christian church is similar to the passing of blessing or mantle of ministry from the Old Testament, like Moses to Joshua or Elijah to Elisha.  However, with ordination both the ordained and the one ordaining walk away with a full portion of anointing.  The first time we see this amongst the church is in Acts 6:1-7 CSB, “[1] In those days, as the disciples were increasing in number, there arose a complaint by the Hellenistic Jews against the Hebraic Jews that their widows were being overlooked in the daily distribution. [2] The Twelve summoned the whole company of the disciples and said, "It would not be right for us to give up preaching the word of God to wait on tables. [3] Brothers and sisters, select from among you seven men of good reputation, full of the Spirit and wisdom, whom we can appoint to this duty. [4] But we will devote ourselves to prayer and to the ministry of the word." [5] This proposal pleased the whole company. So they chose Stephen, a man full of faith and the Holy Spirit, and Philip, Prochorus, Nicanor, Timon, Parmenas, and Nicolaus, a convert from Antioch. [6] They had them stand before the apostles, who prayed and laid their hands on them. [7] So the word of God spread, the disciples in Jerusalem increased greatly in number, and a large group of priests became obedient to the faith.” The care of orphans and widows were a big deal in the Jewish community and for the early church.  The Hellenistic believers had a complaint against the Hebraic believers about the care of widows.  I've dropped the redundant term of Jew here because there were no gentile believers yet.  The difference between these two parties are that the Hebraic Jews grew up in Israel and preferred to speak Aramaic, while the Hellenistic Jews had moved away from Israel and returned to Jerusalem and preferred to speak Greek.  Likely these Hellenistic Jews were comprised mainly of the three thousand men who were led to salvation on the Day of Pentecost.  So, the twelve apostles call a meeting to appoint seven men to serve as basically deacons who could oversee the day to day operations of the church community while the Apostles dedicated themselves to ministry.  They laid hands on them to ordain them into their new positions and as a result of the Apostles being freed up to do ministry, there was a huge influx of believers even from amongst the Jewish priests.  That's a big deal, drawing Jewish priests away from Judaism and into Christianity.  That's no small feat. For our final instance of laying on of hands were looking at the laying on of hands for the baptism of the Holy Spirit.  In Acts 19:1-6 CSB it says, “[1] While Apollos was in Corinth, Paul traveled through the interior regions and came to Ephesus. He found some disciples [2] and asked them, "Did you receive the Holy Spirit when you believed?" "No," they told him, "we haven't even heard that there is a Holy Spirit." [3] "Into what then were you baptized?" he asked them. "Into John's baptism," they replied. [4] Paul said, "John baptized with a baptism of repentance, telling the people that they should believe in the one who would come after him, that is, in Jesus." [5] When they heard this, they were baptized into the name of the Lord Jesus. [6] And when Paul had laid his hands on them, the Holy Spirit came on them, and they began to speak in other tongues and to prophesy. [7] Now there were about twelve men in all.” So Paul comes across these twelve men who were recent converts and were still being discipled.  Paul seemingly wants to make sure they are receiving full training and asks them if they've received the Holy Spirit.  Not only had they not, but they've never even heard of the Holy Spirit and the baptism they received was one of water for the repentance of sins instead of the spiritual baptism of grace into Jesus.  Paul lays hands on them and they are filled with the Holy Spirit and begin to move in the gifts of the Spirit. In closing, let's look at one more excerpt of scripture to add some perspective.  Acts 8:4-25 CSB “[4] So those who were scattered went on their way preaching the word. [5] Philip went down to a city in Samaria and proclaimed the Messiah to them. [6] The crowds were all paying attention to what Philip said, as they listened and saw the signs he was performing. [7] For unclean spirits, crying out with a loud voice, came out of many who were possessed, and many who were paralyzed and lame were healed. [8] So there was great joy in that city. [9] A man named Simon had previously practiced sorcery in that city and amazed the Samaritan people, while claiming to be somebody great. [10] They all paid attention to him, from the least of them to the greatest, and they said, "This man is called the Great Power of God." [11] They were attentive to him because he had amazed them with his sorceries for a long time. [12] But when they believed Philip, as he proclaimed the good news about the kingdom of God and the name of Jesus Christ, both men and women were baptized. [13] Even Simon himself believed. And after he was baptized, he followed Philip everywhere and was amazed as he observed the signs and great miracles that were being performed. [14] When the apostles who were at Jerusalem heard that Samaria had received the word of God, they sent Peter and John to them. [15] After they went down there, they prayed for them so the Samaritans might receive the Holy Spirit because he had not yet come down on any of them. [16] (They had only been baptized in the name of the Lord Jesus.) [17] Then Peter and John laid their hands on them, and they received the Holy Spirit. [18] When Simon saw that the Spirit was given through the laying on of the apostles' hands, he offered them money, [19] saying, "Give me this power also so that anyone I lay hands on may receive the Holy Spirit." [20] But Peter told him, "May your silver be destroyed with you, because you thought you could obtain the gift of God with money! [21] You have no part or share in this matter, because your heart is not right before God. [22] Therefore repent of this wickedness of yours, and pray to the Lord that, if possible, your heart's intent may be forgiven. [23] For I see you are poisoned by bitterness and bound by wickedness." [24] "Pray to the Lord for me," Simon replied, "so that nothing you have said may happen to me." [25] So, after they had testified and spoken the word of the Lord, they traveled back to Jerusalem, preaching the gospel in many villages of the Samaritans.” Just a side note: in the first entry in this series we talked about baptism and the difference between water baptism and spiritual baptism and the journey of Peter on his revelation about baptism.  Here we have Phillip.  Phillip is the only of all the New Testament ministers that when we track his journey of ministry he didn't lead people to the Lord and then baptize them, part of his leading people to the Lord was water baptism.  He considered it all to be one event.  It wasn't like today where you go to a church and you say a prayer and then later you sign up for baptism.  Phillip believed that dipping them in the water was part of their spiritual baptism into Jesus and that it all occurred at the exact same time.  As far as how that lays out in theology, it really doesn't.  If Phillip felt that was the way ministry was to be done was the he need to go down into the water with people and dip them in the water while they made their decision of belief then that's great for him.  We've talked about if you feel like you should get water baptized, then you should, but it's not a requirement of salvation.  I don't want to have any confusion, in the scripture when it talks about Phillip baptized them.  Every time it talks about Phillip doing baptism, it is talking about literal water baptism.  Make sure keep that in mind while you're reading scripture.  Not every time it says baptism is actually water baptism unless Phillip is involved, then it's water baptism.  The main reason we brought in this last bit of scripture here is because I do want you to feel confident and assured in laying hands on others for healing, the infilling or baptism of the Holy Spirit, and, if it comes to it, the ordination of others to ministry positions adjacent to or under your authority.  In this last scripture we see there are those who have tried to manipulate the Holy Spirit and abuse the laying on of hands.  If you're going to be doing ministry, and laying on of hands is ministry, then you must do so with your heart right before the Lord.  The laying on of hands shouldn't be a part of a fundraiser.  Ministry is free, you impart the healing to those who need it for free.  And those who aren't healed, you have a responsibility to stick with those people as they move forward.  It's not something you go around doing willy nilly, and if it doesn't work then they're on their own.  That's not responsible ministry.  You should feel confident in laying hands on others, and listening to the Lord and following the Holy Spirit.  If your heart is right, and if you're sensitive to the holy spirit, then you're going to do just fine. This is Pastor Bill saying, “Until next time…”

Acts 6 NIV 1 In those days when the number of disciples was increasing, the Hellenistic Jews among them complained against the Hebraic Jews because their widows were being overlooked in the daily distribution of food. 2 So the Twelve gathered all the disciples together and said, “It would not be right for us to neglect the ministry of the word of God in order to wait on tables. 3 Brothers and sisters, choose seven men from among you who are known to be full of the Spirit and wisdom. We will turn this responsibility over to them 4 and will give our attention to prayer and the ministry of the word.” 5 This proposal pleased the whole group. They chose Stephen, a man full of faith and of the Holy Spirit; also Philip, Procorus, Nicanor, Timon, Parmenas, and Nicolas from Antioch, a convert to Judaism. 6 They presented these men to the apostles, who prayed and laid their hands on them. 7 So the word of God spread. The number of disciples in Jerusalem increased rapidly, and a large number of priests became obedient to the faith. 8 Now Stephen, a man full of God’s grace and power, performed great wonders and signs among the people. 9 Opposition arose, however, from members of the Synagogue of the Freedmen (as it was called)—Jews of Cyrene and Alexandria as well as the provinces of Cilicia and Asia—who began to argue with Stephen. 10 But they could not stand up against the wisdom the Spirit gave him as he spoke. 11 Then they secretly persuaded some men to say, “We have heard Stephen speak blasphemous words against Moses and against God.” 12 So they stirred up the people and the elders and the teachers of the law. They seized Stephen and brought him before the Sanhedrin. 13 They produced false witnesses, who testified, “This fellow never stops speaking against this holy place and against the law. 14 For we have heard him say that this Jesus of Nazareth will destroy this place and change the customs Moses handed down to us.” 15 All who were sitting in the Sanhedrin looked intently at Stephen, and they saw that his face was like the face of an angel.

ACTS 6 'In those days, as the disciples were increasing in number, there arose a complaint by the Hellenistic Jews against the Hebraic Jews that their widows were being overlooked in the daily distribution. The Twelve summoned the whole company of the disciples and said, “It would not be right for us to give up preaching the word of God to wait on tables. Brothers and sisters, select from among you seven men of good reputation, full of the Spirit and wisdom, whom we can appoint to this duty. But we will devote ourselves to prayer and to the ministry of the word.” This proposal pleased the whole company. So they chose Stephen, a man full of faith and the Holy Spirit, and Philip, Prochorus, Nicanor, Timon, Parmenas, and Nicolaus, a convert from Antioch. They had them stand before the apostles, who prayed and laid their hands on them. So the word of God spread, the disciples in Jerusalem increased greatly in number, and a large group of priests became obedient to the faith. Now Stephen, full of grace and power, was performing great wonders and signs among the people. Opposition arose, however, from some members of the Freedmen’s Synagogue, composed of both Cyrenians and Alexandrians, and some from Cilicia and Asia, and they began to argue with Stephen. But they were unable to stand up against his wisdom and the Spirit by whom he was speaking. Then they secretly persuaded some men to say, “We heard him speaking blasphemous words against Moses and God.” They stirred up the people, the elders, and the scribes; so they came, seized him, and took him to the Sanhedrin. They also presented false witnesses who said, “This man never stops speaking against this holy place and the law. For we heard him say that this Jesus of Nazareth will destroy this place and change the customs that Moses handed down to us.” And all who were sitting in the Sanhedrin looked intently at him and saw that his face was like the face of an angel.' Acts 6:1-15 https://my.bible.com/bible/1713/ACT.6.1-15   ACTS 7 '“Are these things true?” the high priest asked. “Brothers and fathers,” he replied, “listen: The God of glory appeared to our father Abraham when he was in Mesopotamia, before he settled in Haran, and said to him: Leave your country and relatives, and come to the land that I will show you. “Then he left the land of the Chaldeans and settled in Haran. From there, after his father died, God had him move to this land in which you are now living. He didn’t give him an inheritance in it — not even a foot of ground — but he promised to give it to him as a possession, and to his descendants after him, even though he was childless. God spoke in this way: His descendants would be strangers in a foreign country, and they would enslave and oppress them for four hundred years. I will judge the nation that they will serve as slaves, God said. After this, they will come out and worship me in this place. And so he gave Abraham the covenant of circumcision. After this, he fathered Isaac and circumcised him on the eighth day. Isaac became the father of Jacob, and Jacob became the father of the twelve patriarchs. “The patriarchs became jealous of Joseph and sold him into Egypt, but God was with him and rescued him out of all his troubles. He gave him favor and wisdom in the sight of Pharaoh, king of Egypt, who appointed him ruler over Egypt and over his whole household. Now a famine and great suffering came over all of Egypt and Canaan, and our ancestors could find no food. When Jacob heard there was grain in Egypt, he sent our ancestors there the first time. The second time, Joseph revealed himself to his brothers, and Joseph’s family became known to Pharaoh. Joseph invited his father Jacob and all his relatives, seventy-five people in all, and Jacob went down to Egypt. He and our ancestors died there, were carried back to Shechem, and were placed in the tomb that Abraham had bought for a sum of silver from the sons of Hamor in Shechem. “As the time was approaching to fulfill the promise that God had made to Abraham, the people flourished and multiplied in Egypt until a different king who did not know Joseph ruled over Egypt. He dealt deceitfully with our race and oppressed our ancestors by making them abandon their infants outside so that they wouldn’t survive. At this time Moses was born, and he was beautiful in God’s sight. He was cared for in his father’s home for three months. When he was put outside, Pharaoh’s daughter adopted and raised him as her own son. So Moses was educated in all the wisdom of the Egyptians and was powerful in his speech and actions. “When he was forty years old, he decided to visit his own people, the Israelites. When he saw one of them being mistreated, he came to his rescue and avenged the oppressed man by striking down the Egyptian. He assumed his people would understand that God would give them deliverance through him, but they did not understand. The next day he showed up while they were fighting and tried to reconcile them peacefully, saying, ‘Men, you are brothers. Why are you mistreating each other? ’ “But the one who was mistreating his neighbor pushed Moses aside, saying: Who appointed you a ruler and a judge over us? Do you want to kill me, the same way you killed the Egyptian yesterday? “When he heard this, Moses fled and became an exile in the land of Midian, where he became the father of two sons. After forty years had passed, an angel appeared to him in the wilderness of Mount Sinai, in the flame of a burning bush. When Moses saw it, he was amazed at the sight. As he was approaching to look at it, the voice of the Lord came: I am the God of your ancestors — the God of Abraham, of Isaac, and of Jacob. Moses began to tremble and did not dare to look. “The Lord said to him: Take off the sandals from your feet, because the place where you are standing is holy ground. I have certainly seen the oppression of my people in Egypt; I have heard their groaning and have come down to set them free. And now, come, I will send you to Egypt. “This Moses, whom they rejected when they said, Who appointed you a ruler and a judge? — this one God sent as a ruler and a deliverer through the angel who appeared to him in the bush. This man led them out and performed wonders and signs in the land of Egypt, at the Red Sea, and in the wilderness for forty years. “This is the Moses who said to the Israelites: God will raise up for you a prophet like me from among your brothers. He is the one who was in the assembly in the wilderness, with the angel who spoke to him on Mount Sinai, and with our ancestors. He received living oracles to give to us. Our ancestors were unwilling to obey him. Instead, they pushed him aside, and in their hearts turned back to Egypt. They told Aaron: Make us gods who will go before us. As for this Moses who brought us out of the land of Egypt, we don’t know what’s happened to him. They even made a calf in those days, offered sacrifice to the idol, and were celebrating what their hands had made. God turned away and gave them up to worship the stars of heaven, as it is written in the book of the prophets: House of Israel, did you bring me offerings and sacrifices for forty years in the wilderness? ' Acts 7:1-42 https://my.bible.com/bible/1713/ACT.7.1-42

Crises Become Opportunities   Acts 6:1-15 NIV (New International Version) The Choosing of the Seven In those days when the number of disciples was increasing, the Hellenistic Jews[a] among them complained against the Hebraic Jews because their widows were being overlooked in the daily distribution of food. 2 So the Twelve gathered all the disciples together and said, “It would not be right for us to neglect the ministry of the word of God in order to wait on tables. 3 Brothers and sisters, choose seven men from among you who are known to be full of the Spirit and wisdom. We will turn this responsibility over to them 4 and will give our attention to prayer and the ministry of the word.” 5 This proposal pleased the whole group. They chose Stephen, a man full of faith and of the Holy Spirit; also Philip, Procorus, Nicanor, Timon, Parmenas, and Nicolas from Antioch, a convert to Judaism. 6 They presented these men to the apostles, who prayed and laid their hands on them. 7 So the word of God spread. The number of disciples in Jerusalem increased rapidly, and a large number of priests became obedient to the faith. Stephen Seized 8 Now Stephen, a man full of God’s grace and power, performed great wonders and signs among the people. 9 Opposition arose, however, from members of the Synagogue of the Freedmen (as it was called)—Jews of Cyrene and Alexandria as well as the provinces of Cilicia and Asia—who began to argue with Stephen. 10 But they could not stand up against the wisdom the Spirit gave him as he spoke. 11 Then they secretly persuaded some men to say, “We have heard Stephen speak blasphemous words against Moses and against God.” 12 So they stirred up the people and the elders and the teachers of the law. They seized Stephen and brought him before the Sanhedrin. 13 They produced false witnesses, who testified, “This fellow never stops speaking against this holy place and against the law. 14 For we have heard him say that this Jesus of Nazareth will destroy this place and change the customs Moses handed down to us.” 15 All who were sitting in the Sanhedrin looked intently at Stephen, and they saw that his face was like the face of an angel.

“In those days when the number of disciples was increasing, the Hellenistic Jews among them complained against the Hebraic Jews because their widows were being overlooked in the daily distribution of food.So the Twelve gathered all the disciples together and said, ‘It would not be right for us to neglect the ministry of the word of God in order to wait on tables. Brothers and sisters, choose seven men from among you who are known to be full of the Spirit and wisdom. We will turn this responsibility over to them and will give our attention to prayer and the ministry of the word.’ This proposal pleased the whole group. They chose Stephen, a man full of faith and of the Holy Spirit; also Philip, Procorus, Nicanor, Timon, Parmenas, and Nicolas from Antioch, a convert to Judaism. They presented these men to the apostles, who prayed and laid their hands on them."Acts 6:1-5 (NIV)   Stephen understood...   Small acts of service can change a city.   “So the word of God spread. The number of disciples in Jerusalem increased rapidly, and a large number of priests became obedient to the faith.” Acts 6:7 (NIV)   Nothing is more important than knowing God’s Word.   “Now Stephen, a man full of God’s grace and power, performed great wonders and signs among the people. Opposition arose, however, from members of the Synagogue of the Freedmen (as it was called)—Jews of Cyrene and Alexandria as well as the provinces of Cilicia and Asia—who began to argue with Stephen. But they could not stand up against the wisdom the Spirit gave him as he spoke. Acts 6:8-10 (NIV)   Losing everything is never the end.   “You stiff-necked people! Your hearts and ears are still uncircumcised. You are just like your ancestors: You always resist the Holy Spirit! Was there ever a prophet your ancestors did not persecute? They even killed those who predicted the coming of the Righteous One. And now you have betrayed and murdered him—you who have received the law that was given through angels but have not obeyed it.’ When the members of the Sanhedrin heard this, they were furious and gnashed their teeth at him.” Acts 7:51-54 (NIV)   “But Stephen, full of the Holy Spirit, looked up to heaven and saw the glory of God, and Jesus standing at the right hand of God. ‘Look,’ he said, ‘I see heaven open and the Son of Man standing at the right hand of God.’ At this they covered their ears and, yelling at the top of their voices, they all rushed at him, dragged him out of the city and began to stone him. Meanwhile, the witnesses laid their coats at the feet of a young man named Saul.” Acts 7:55-58 (NIV)

Happy Tuesday, friends! Tomorrow will mark our 4th week in quarantine here in California, a sentence I never thought I would write for a variety of reasons. Hope you guys are holding tight out there - holding tight to Jesus and His promises, holding tight to each other in love and humble service, and holding tight to the inner-workings and leadings of the Holy Spirit of God! Today, we are continuing in our pursuit of a biblical gender studies degree in discussing a topic that is somewhat controversial, but probably not as much as yesterday's topic. Here is our big Bible questions: What is a deacon, and does the Bible allow women to serve as deacons? Today's Bible passages are: Leviticus 18, Psalms 22, Ecclesiastes 1 and 1 Timothy 3. So, when I was a kid, I went to church, and I remember two important things about deacons. #1 Deacons were the guys who were most likely to wear a suit to church. #2 I remember going to more than one church service where deacons were ordained, and that was a fascinating thing. The deacon being ordained would sit in a chair - or kneel on the ground - and the other deacons would come and lay hands on him, and whisper in his ear. I think that they were probably praying for him, but young Chase thought they were sharing secrets that were for deacons only, and that was pretty interesting. I'd have given up a pretty hefty amount of my childhood treasures to hear some of those secrets. So - what are deacons, anyway? Are they besuited men that are solemn and tell each other secrets a few times a year? Not really. Let's go to the Bible: Acts 6:1 6 In those days, as the disciples were increasing in number, there arose a complaint by the Hellenistic Jews against the Hebraic Jews that their widows were being overlooked in the daily distribution. 2 The Twelve summoned the whole company of the disciples and said, “It would not be right for us to give up preaching the word of God to wait on tables. 3 Brothers and sisters, select from among you seven men of good reputation, full of the Spirit and wisdom, whom we can appoint to this duty. 4 But we will devote ourselves to prayer and to the ministry of the word.” 5 This proposal pleased the whole company. So they chose Stephen, a man full of faith and the Holy Spirit, and Philip, Prochorus, Nicanor, Timon, Parmenas, and Nicolaus, a convert from Antioch. 6 They had them stand before the apostles, who prayed and laid their hands on them.7 So the word of God spread, the disciples in Jerusalem increased greatly in number, and a large group of priests became obedient to the faith. Acts 6:1-7 A couple of translations of verse 2: HCSB: “It would not be right for us to give up preaching about God to handle financial matters. NLT: teaching the word of God, not running a food program. Wycliffe: we leave the word of God, and minister to boards. MAYBE THE BEST and MOST ACCURATE: International Children’s Bible   stop our work of teaching God’s word in order to serve tables.  All of these are attempting to translate this phrase: Διακονέn  Diakoneōn τράπεζαis  trapezais, which means to serve/minister to 4 foots. Deacons were called to bring unity to the early church - to take care of the people’s needs and SERVE. A deacon, therefore, is a leader servant who ministers, or a minister who serves in a leading way, or a minister-servant, who leads the rest of the church in ministry/service. Deacons have a lead role in churches as ministers and as servants. Servant is a bad word to many people, but we must remember that Jesus came as a servant, exalted servanthood in His teaching, and proclaimed that - if anybody on earth wanted to be great, they MUST be a servant. Deacons get a head start on that. Let's go to 1 Timothy 3 and read about the qualifications for deacons, and then return and discuss them. There are a few named deacons in the Bible, and they didn't just help out the church with table-waiting type things. Stephen was a deacon who preached the Word of God powerfully - with SIGNS and WONDERS accompanying his message (see Acts 6:8.) Some teach that only the apostles taught with signs and wonders, but this is not the case. Philip was also a deacon, and he also proclaimed the message of God accompanied by signs/miracles and wonders. So - deacons were and are important in the church and carry out practical and spiritual acts of ministry/service. What about women? Are women allowed, according to the Bible, to serve as deacons? As I explained in yesterday's show, I am theologically what is known as a Complementarian, which means that I believe men and women have equal value and worth, but different roles in the Kingdom of God and the family. Paul wrote yesterday in 1 Timothy 2, that he did not allow a woman to have authority over a man, and in 1 Timothy 3, and Titus, he is going lay out two major offices in the church: Elders/overseers and deacons. We'll talk about elders/overseers in a few days - probably when we get to Titus, but most (but not all!) Protestants equate elders/overseers with pastors/shepherds, and I believe that, from everything I can see in Scripture, that the office of pastor/shepherd should be a male. Practically every Complementarian agrees with that position. Practically every Egalitarian - which is a school of thought that says the Bible does not differentiate at all between the sexes in terms of role and function, does not. More on that in a few days. The one area where many Bible-believing Complementarians don't necessarily agree on is in our question of the day: Does the Bible allow for women to be deaconesses. Let's consider a couple of Bible passages: I commend to you our sister Phoebe, who is a servant of the church in Cenchreae. everything. Romans 16:1 CSB I commend to you our sister Phoebe, a deacon of the church in Cenchreae. Romans 16:1 NIV So - two translations, with two different words! The issue, as you might have guessed, is that the Greek word 'Διακονέn  Diakoneōn' can be translated as 'deaconess' OR 'servant.' So - was Paul commending Phoebe as a deaconess, or as a servant? That's the rub, and our big question of the day! Here is my take on the issue: in 1st Timothy and Titus, Paul gives qualifications for elders/overseers and deacons. That seems to me, and to many churches, to be two different offices in the church. The elders seem to be tasked with leading and teaching, and the deacons with serving and ministering. Some churches, however - particularly baptist churches - seem to blend those two offices into one office, and usually call that one office a 'deacon.' In those cases when that happens, the deacons usually serve as a hybrid of deacons and elders. Other churches have two separate offices - the deacons serve and minister, and the elders lead and preach. When a church is set up in that manner, I see no scriptural issue whatsoever with having female deacons, because the Bible makes it very clear that there were women who did have powerful ministry and serving roles in the early church, including Phoebe, Chloe, Philip's daughters (who prophesied), Priscilla, and many others. When the primary role of deacons in a church is to minister and serve, then I believe that it is a good thing to have female deacons, because I believe the Bible is very clear that ALL are called to minister/serve - men and women. Three very prominent Baptists, who are also Complementarians, agree wholeheartedly with this, John Piper, David Platt, John Calvin and Thomas Schreiner: Were Women Deacons? By John Piper Probably yes. There are four observations that incline me to think that this office was held by both men and women. 1. The Greek word for deacon can be masculine or feminine in the same form. So the word itself does not settle the issue. 2. In the middle of the qualifications for deacons in 1 Timothy 3:8-13 Paul says, "The women likewise must be serious, no slanderers, but temperate, faithful in all things." This could be the wives of the deacons, but could also be the women deacons. The latter is suggested by the fact that no reference to women is made in 3:1-7. Since women were not candidates for the eldership in the New Testament (1 Timothy 2:12-13) because of its authoritative function in teaching and oversight, the absence of the reference to women in 1 Timothy 3:1-7 would be expected. But this confirms the probability that the reference to women in 3:11 is to women deacons, not merely to wives of deacons. 3. The deacons were distinguished from the elders in that they were not the governing body in the church nor were they charged with the duty of authoritative teaching. So the role of deacon seems not to involve anything that Paul taught in1 Timothy 2:12 (or anywhere else) which is inappropriate for women to perform in the church. 4. In Romans 16:1, Phoebe is very probably called a deacon. "I commend to you our sister Phoebe, a deacon(ess) of the church at Cenchreae, that you may receive her in the Lord as befits the saints, and help her in whatever she may require from you, for she has been a helper of many and of myself as well." It appears then that the role of deacon is of such a nature that nothing stands in the way of women's full participation in it. Within the deaconate itself, the way the men and women relate to each other would be guided by the sense of appropriateness, growing out of the Biblical teaching of male and female complementarity. https://www.desiringgod.org/messages/biblical-eldership-session-1 Some worry that appointing women as deacons violates 1 Timothy 2:12, where women are prohibited from teaching or exercising authority over men. We must recognize, however, that deacons occupy a different position from elders/pastors/overseers. The latter is one office, as Ben Merkle has convincingly argued, in which two qualities are required that are not required of deacons. First, elders must have an ability to teach biblical truth and correct deviant teaching (1 Tim. 3:2; 5:17; Titus 1:9). Second, they must have gifts of leadership (1 Tim. 3:4–5; 5:17; Titus 1:7). And remarkably, teaching and exercising authority over men is the very thing disallowed for women in 1 Timothy 2:12. Women therefore may serve as deacons because the diaconal office is one of serving, not leading. Deacons don’t teach and exercise authority, but rather help in the church’s ministry. In many Baptist churches, deacons along with the staff pastor or pastors lead the church, but in these instances the deacons are really functioning as elders—and in such cases the deacons should be called elders, pastors, or overseers. The earliest evidence we have is that deacons helped care for the poor and sick. There is some freedom in how deacons serve, since the New Testament doesn’t prescribe precise responsibilities. In the church I serve as an elder, deacons carry out many responsibilities. We have role-specific diaconates—that is, deacons of finance, of hospitality, of ushering, of greeting, of building maintenance, of sound, and so on. The deacons don’t meet together regularly as a group, since their tasks differ dramatically. Christians who love God’s Word differ on whether women may serve as deacons, but the evidence presented here suggests they may do so. And in such a ministry they are a great blessing to the church, and the women who serve are encouraged as they use their gifts. Thomas Schreiner, pastor and professor at the Southern Baptist Seminary in Louisville, Kentucky. https://www.thegospelcoalition.org/article/bible-support-female-deacons-yes/ Platt Secret Church 2010: And the last question there, what about women? We’ve seen that elders are men. What about deacons? And basically there are two schools of thought on this one. Can women be deacons? There are two schools of thought. One says yes and the other says no. So here’s the deal... there are Bible-believing scholars and pastors that I respect greatly that are on both sides of this picture. Some of you might be thinking, “Well, look at 1st Timothy 3, like, it’s pretty easy. Like, it says, ‘Deacons must be dignified, not double-tongued,’ et cetera. And then it says in 11, ‘Their wives, likewise, must be dignified, not slanderous, but servant-minded, faithful in all things. Each deacon can be the husband of one wife.’” So some say, “Well, that just – it’s that easy.” I don’t think it’s necessarily that easy here. Four things I want you to think about that point to what I think is a possibility that, yes, yes, women can be deacons in the church. And I want you to follow with me. Number one, consider the translation. When you get to verse 11 there, and you probably have a note, and it’s not here, but in your Bible you’d have a note that’s at the bottom that says the “their” there is – the “their” there – their wives there, is it not in some manuscripts? And the picture is, many people, many Bible scholars, believe that this is just talking about women. And there’s ambiguity there. Consider the transition here. Paul transitions at that point in the same way that he transitioned when he went from elders to deacons, then to the third picture of what some would say deaconesses. Consider the elder’s wives, like, “Why did he not say anything about elder’s wives, especially when an elder had more responsibility in the home and more leadership responsibility in the church in a sense? They said nothing about elder’s wives.” And then consider what I call the Phoebe factor. Romans 16:1, “I commend to you our sister Phoebe, a servant of the church at Cenchreae,” and the Word there for servant is deaconess, deaconess, which would seem to point to a deacon role. Now, here’s the deal. What I think is important, because there are all kinds of different pictures of church structure represented around this room. And there are churches represented in this room that, if I could be honest, deacons basically serve as elders. And deacons are more of an overseeing body. If that’s the case in a church then I would not say, then, women should be deacons, because that – they’re basically serving as elders in an overall role. But when it comes to, okay, somebody leading out in a hospitality ministry, somebody leading out in a variety of different ministries and you look in the New Testament and you see 17 different women that Paul mentions that are in significant leadership positions in the church doing different things in the church, serving in different ways in the church. I think the reality is if we have a proper understanding of elders and deacons and where they fit, I think it makes total sense that it’s certainly possible. So how it all works – every member of the church as a minister of the gospel. Ephesians 4, makes that clear: Every member of the church, minister. David Platt - Secret Church, 2010 “He first commends to them Phoebe, to whom he gave this Epistle (of Romans) to be brought to them; and, in the first place, he commends her on account of her office, for she performed a most honorable and a most holy function in the Church; and then he adduces another reason why they ought to receive her and to show her every kindness, for she had always been a helper to all the godly.” John Calvin, Commentary on Romans. “Deaconesses were created not to appease God with songs or unintelligible mumbling, not to live the rest of the time in idleness, but to discharge the public ministry of the church toward the poor and to strive with all zeal, constancy, and diligence in the task of love.” John Calvin, Institutes, IV. XIII. 19.

Happy Tuesday, friends! Tomorrow will mark our 4th week in quarantine here in California, a sentence I never thought I would write for a variety of reasons. Hope you guys are holding tight out there - holding tight to Jesus and His promises, holding tight to each other in love and humble service, and holding tight to the inner-workings and leadings of the Holy Spirit of God! Today, we are continuing in our pursuit of a biblical gender studies degree in discussing a topic that is somewhat controversial, but probably not as much as yesterday's topic. Here is our big Bible questions: What is a deacon, and does the Bible allow women to serve as deacons? Today's Bible passages are: Leviticus 18, Psalms 22, Ecclesiastes 1 and 1 Timothy 3. So, when I was a kid, I went to church, and I remember two important things about deacons. #1 Deacons were the guys who were most likely to wear a suit to church. #2 I remember going to more than one church service where deacons were ordained, and that was a fascinating thing. The deacon being ordained would sit in a chair - or kneel on the ground - and the other deacons would come and lay hands on him, and whisper in his ear. I think that they were probably praying for him, but young Chase thought they were sharing secrets that were for deacons only, and that was pretty interesting. I'd have given up a pretty hefty amount of my childhood treasures to hear some of those secrets. So - what are deacons, anyway? Are they besuited men that are solemn and tell each other secrets a few times a year? Not really. Let's go to the Bible: Acts 6:1 6 In those days, as the disciples were increasing in number, there arose a complaint by the Hellenistic Jews against the Hebraic Jews that their widows were being overlooked in the daily distribution. 2 The Twelve summoned the whole company of the disciples and said, “It would not be right for us to give up preaching the word of God to wait on tables. 3 Brothers and sisters, select from among you seven men of good reputation, full of the Spirit and wisdom, whom we can appoint to this duty. 4 But we will devote ourselves to prayer and to the ministry of the word.” 5 This proposal pleased the whole company. So they chose Stephen, a man full of faith and the Holy Spirit, and Philip, Prochorus, Nicanor, Timon, Parmenas, and Nicolaus, a convert from Antioch. 6 They had them stand before the apostles, who prayed and laid their hands on them.7 So the word of God spread, the disciples in Jerusalem increased greatly in number, and a large group of priests became obedient to the faith. Acts 6:1-7 A couple of translations of verse 2: HCSB: “It would not be right for us to give up preaching about God to handle financial matters. NLT: teaching the word of God, not running a food program. Wycliffe: we leave the word of God, and minister to boards. MAYBE THE BEST and MOST ACCURATE: International Children’s Bible   stop our work of teaching God’s word in order to serve tables.  All of these are attempting to translate this phrase: Διακονέn  Diakoneōn τράπεζαis  trapezais, which means to serve/minister to 4 foots. Deacons were called to bring unity to the early church - to take care of the people’s needs and SERVE. A deacon, therefore, is a leader servant who ministers, or a minister who serves in a leading way, or a minister-servant, who leads the rest of the church in ministry/service. Deacons have a lead role in churches as ministers and as servants. Servant is a bad word to many people, but we must remember that Jesus came as a servant, exalted servanthood in His teaching, and proclaimed that - if anybody on earth wanted to be great, they MUST be a servant. Deacons get a head start on that. Let's go to 1 Timothy 3 and read about the qualifications for deacons, and then return and discuss them. There are a few named deacons in the Bible, and they didn't just help out the church with table-waiting type things. Stephen was a deacon who preached the Word of God powerfully - with SIGNS and WONDERS accompanying his message (see Acts 6:8.) Some teach that only the apostles taught with signs and wonders, but this is not the case. Philip was also a deacon, and he also proclaimed the message of God accompanied by signs/miracles and wonders. So - deacons were and are important in the church and carry out practical and spiritual acts of ministry/service. What about women? Are women allowed, according to the Bible, to serve as deacons? As I explained in yesterday's show, I am theologically what is known as a Complementarian, which means that I believe men and women have equal value and worth, but different roles in the Kingdom of God and the family. Paul wrote yesterday in 1 Timothy 2, that he did not allow a woman to have authority over a man, and in 1 Timothy 3, and Titus, he is going lay out two major offices in the church: Elders/overseers and deacons. We'll talk about elders/overseers in a few days - probably when we get to Titus, but most (but not all!) Protestants equate elders/overseers with pastors/shepherds, and I believe that, from everything I can see in Scripture, that the office of pastor/shepherd should be a male. Practically every Complementarian agrees with that position. Practically every Egalitarian - which is a school of thought that says the Bible does not differentiate at all between the sexes in terms of role and function, does not. More on that in a few days. The one area where many Bible-believing Complementarians don't necessarily agree on is in our question of the day: Does the Bible allow for women to be deaconesses. Let's consider a couple of Bible passages: I commend to you our sister Phoebe, who is a servant of the church in Cenchreae. everything. Romans 16:1 CSB I commend to you our sister Phoebe, a deacon of the church in Cenchreae. Romans 16:1 NIV So - two translations, with two different words! The issue, as you might have guessed, is that the Greek word 'Διακονέn  Diakoneōn' can be translated as 'deaconess' OR 'servant.' So - was Paul commending Phoebe as a deaconess, or as a servant? That's the rub, and our big question of the day! Here is my take on the issue: in 1st Timothy and Titus, Paul gives qualifications for elders/overseers and deacons. That seems to me, and to many churches, to be two different offices in the church. The elders seem to be tasked with leading and teaching, and the deacons with serving and ministering. Some churches, however - particularly baptist churches - seem to blend those two offices into one office, and usually call that one office a 'deacon.' In those cases when that happens, the deacons usually serve as a hybrid of deacons and elders. Other churches have two separate offices - the deacons serve and minister, and the elders lead and preach. When a church is set up in that manner, I see no scriptural issue whatsoever with having female deacons, because the Bible makes it very clear that there were women who did have powerful ministry and serving roles in the early church, including Phoebe, Chloe, Philip's daughters (who prophesied), Priscilla, and many others. When the primary role of deacons in a church is to minister and serve, then I believe that it is a good thing to have female deacons, because I believe the Bible is very clear that ALL are called to minister/serve - men and women. Three very prominent Baptists, who are also Complementarians, agree wholeheartedly with this, John Piper, David Platt, John Calvin and Thomas Schreiner: Were Women Deacons? By John Piper Probably yes. There are four observations that incline me to think that this office was held by both men and women. 1. The Greek word for deacon can be masculine or feminine in the same form. So the word itself does not settle the issue. 2. In the middle of the qualifications for deacons in 1 Timothy 3:8-13 Paul says, "The women likewise must be serious, no slanderers, but temperate, faithful in all things." This could be the wives of the deacons, but could also be the women deacons. The latter is suggested by the fact that no reference to women is made in 3:1-7. Since women were not candidates for the eldership in the New Testament (1 Timothy 2:12-13) because of its authoritative function in teaching and oversight, the absence of the reference to women in 1 Timothy 3:1-7 would be expected. But this confirms the probability that the reference to women in 3:11 is to women deacons, not merely to wives of deacons. 3. The deacons were distinguished from the elders in that they were not the governing body in the church nor were they charged with the duty of authoritative teaching. So the role of deacon seems not to involve anything that Paul taught in1 Timothy 2:12 (or anywhere else) which is inappropriate for women to perform in the church. 4. In Romans 16:1, Phoebe is very probably called a deacon. "I commend to you our sister Phoebe, a deacon(ess) of the church at Cenchreae, that you may receive her in the Lord as befits the saints, and help her in whatever she may require from you, for she has been a helper of many and of myself as well." It appears then that the role of deacon is of such a nature that nothing stands in the way of women's full participation in it. Within the deaconate itself, the way the men and women relate to each other would be guided by the sense of appropriateness, growing out of the Biblical teaching of male and female complementarity. https://www.desiringgod.org/messages/biblical-eldership-session-1 Some worry that appointing women as deacons violates 1 Timothy 2:12, where women are prohibited from teaching or exercising authority over men. We must recognize, however, that deacons occupy a different position from elders/pastors/overseers. The latter is one office, as Ben Merkle has convincingly argued, in which two qualities are required that are not required of deacons. First, elders must have an ability to teach biblical truth and correct deviant teaching (1 Tim. 3:2; 5:17; Titus 1:9). Second, they must have gifts of leadership (1 Tim. 3:4–5; 5:17; Titus 1:7). And remarkably, teaching and exercising authority over men is the very thing disallowed for women in 1 Timothy 2:12. Women therefore may serve as deacons because the diaconal office is one of serving, not leading. Deacons don’t teach and exercise authority, but rather help in the church’s ministry. In many Baptist churches, deacons along with the staff pastor or pastors lead the church, but in these instances the deacons are really functioning as elders—and in such cases the deacons should be called elders, pastors, or overseers. The earliest evidence we have is that deacons helped care for the poor and sick. There is some freedom in how deacons serve, since the New Testament doesn’t prescribe precise responsibilities. In the church I serve as an elder, deacons carry out many responsibilities. We have role-specific diaconates—that is, deacons of finance, of hospitality, of ushering, of greeting, of building maintenance, of sound, and so on. The deacons don’t meet together regularly as a group, since their tasks differ dramatically. Christians who love God’s Word differ on whether women may serve as deacons, but the evidence presented here suggests they may do so. And in such a ministry they are a great blessing to the church, and the women who serve are encouraged as they use their gifts. Thomas Schreiner, pastor and professor at the Southern Baptist Seminary in Louisville, Kentucky. https://www.thegospelcoalition.org/article/bible-support-female-deacons-yes/ Platt Secret Church 2010: And the last question there, what about women? We’ve seen that elders are men. What about deacons? And basically there are two schools of thought on this one. Can women be deacons? There are two schools of thought. One says yes and the other says no. So here’s the deal... there are Bible-believing scholars and pastors that I respect greatly that are on both sides of this picture. Some of you might be thinking, “Well, look at 1st Timothy 3, like, it’s pretty easy. Like, it says, ‘Deacons must be dignified, not double-tongued,’ et cetera. And then it says in 11, ‘Their wives, likewise, must be dignified, not slanderous, but servant-minded, faithful in all things. Each deacon can be the husband of one wife.’” So some say, “Well, that just – it’s that easy.” I don’t think it’s necessarily that easy here. Four things I want you to think about that point to what I think is a possibility that, yes, yes, women can be deacons in the church. And I want you to follow with me. Number one, consider the translation. When you get to verse 11 there, and you probably have a note, and it’s not here, but in your Bible you’d have a note that’s at the bottom that says the “their” there is – the “their” there – their wives there, is it not in some manuscripts? And the picture is, many people, many Bible scholars, believe that this is just talking about women. And there’s ambiguity there. Consider the transition here. Paul transitions at that point in the same way that he transitioned when he went from elders to deacons, then to the third picture of what some would say deaconesses. Consider the elder’s wives, like, “Why did he not say anything about elder’s wives, especially when an elder had more responsibility in the home and more leadership responsibility in the church in a sense? They said nothing about elder’s wives.” And then consider what I call the Phoebe factor. Romans 16:1, “I commend to you our sister Phoebe, a servant of the church at Cenchreae,” and the Word there for servant is deaconess, deaconess, which would seem to point to a deacon role. Now, here’s the deal. What I think is important, because there are all kinds of different pictures of church structure represented around this room. And there are churches represented in this room that, if I could be honest, deacons basically serve as elders. And deacons are more of an overseeing body. If that’s the case in a church then I would not say, then, women should be deacons, because that – they’re basically serving as elders in an overall role. But when it comes to, okay, somebody leading out in a hospitality ministry, somebody leading out in a variety of different ministries and you look in the New Testament and you see 17 different women that Paul mentions that are in significant leadership positions in the church doing different things in the church, serving in different ways in the church. I think the reality is if we have a proper understanding of elders and deacons and where they fit, I think it makes total sense that it’s certainly possible. So how it all works – every member of the church as a minister of the gospel. Ephesians 4, makes that clear: Every member of the church, minister. David Platt - Secret Church, 2010 “He first commends to them Phoebe, to whom he gave this Epistle (of Romans) to be brought to them; and, in the first place, he commends her on account of her office, for she performed a most honorable and a most holy function in the Church; and then he adduces another reason why they ought to receive her and to show her every kindness, for she had always been a helper to all the godly.” John Calvin, Commentary on Romans. “Deaconesses were created not to appease God with songs or unintelligible mumbling, not to live the rest of the time in idleness, but to discharge the public ministry of the church toward the poor and to strive with all zeal, constancy, and diligence in the task of love.” John Calvin, Institutes, IV. XIII. 19.

March 15, 2020 "The Call to Missions: Local & Global~Invest & Encounter" Ruth 2: 2-12 Acts 6: 1-7 John 4: 5-14 The Rev. Dr. Laura Alexander Elliot 12 May the Lord repay you for what you have done. May you be richly rewarded by the Lord, the God of Israel, under whose wings you have come to take refuge.” 6 In those days when the number of disciples was increasing, the Hellenistic Jews[a] among them complained against the Hebraic Jews because their widows were being overlooked in the daily distribution of food. 2 So the Twelve gathered all the disciples together and said, “It would not be right for us to neglect the ministry of the word of God in order to wait on tables. 3 Brothers and sisters, choose seven men from among you who are known to be full of the Spirit and wisdom. We will turn this responsibility over to them 4 and will give our attention to prayer and the ministry of the word.” 5 This proposal pleased the whole group. They chose Stephen, a man full of faith and of the Holy Spirit; also Philip, Procorus, Nicanor, Timon, Parmenas, and Nicolas from Antioch, a convert to Judaism. 6 They presented these men to the apostles, who prayed and laid their hands on them. 7 So the word of God spread. The number of disciples in Jerusalem increased rapidly, and a large number of priests became obedient to the faith. 5 So he came to a town in Samaria called Sychar, near the plot of ground Jacob had given to his son Joseph. 6 Jacob’s well was there, and Jesus, tired as he was from the journey, sat down by the well. It was about noon. 7 When a Samaritan woman came to draw water, Jesus said to her, “Will you give me a drink?” 8 (His disciples had gone into the town to buy food.) 9 The Samaritan woman said to him, “You are a Jew and I am a Samaritan woman. How can you ask me for a drink?” (For Jews do not associate with Samaritans.[a]) 10 Jesus answered her, “If you knew the gift of God and who it is that asks you for a drink, you would have asked him and he would have given you living water.” 11 “Sir,” the woman said, “you have nothing to draw with and the well is deep. Where can you get this living water? 12 Are you greater than our father Jacob, who gave us the well and drank from it himself, as did also his sons and his livestock?” 13 Jesus answered, “Everyone who drinks this water will be thirsty again, 14 but whoever drinks the water I give them will never thirst. Indeed, the water I give them will become in them a spring of water welling up to eternal life.”

Sermon preached on 2020-02-09 by Rev. John Conway. Worship series, "Odd and Wondrous Calling." Sermon, "Word, Service, Justice & Compassion." Scriptures, Acts 6:1-6 and 1 Timothy 3:1-10.Acts 6:1-6 New International Version (NIV) In those days when the number of disciples was increasing, the Hellenistic Jews among them complained against the Hebraic Jews because their widows were being overlooked in the daily distribution of food. 2 So the Twelve gathered all the disciples together and said, “It would not be right for us to neglect the ministry of the word of God in order to wait on tables. 3 Brothers and sisters, choose seven men from among you who are known to be full of the Spirit and wisdom. We will turn this responsibility over to them 4 and will give our attention to prayer and the ministry of the word.” 5 This proposal pleased the whole group. They chose Stephen, a man full of faith and of the Holy Spirit; also Philip, Procorus, Nicanor, Timon, Parmenas, and Nicolas from Antioch, a convert to Judaism. 6 They presented these men to the apostles, who prayed and laid their hands on them.1 Timothy 3:1-10 New International Version (NIV) Here is a trustworthy saying: Whoever aspires to be an overseer desires a noble task. 2 Now the overseer is to be above reproach, faithful to his wife, temperate, self-controlled, respectable, hospitable, able to teach, 3 not given to drunkenness, not violent but gentle, not quarrelsome, not a lover of money. 4 He must manage his own family well and see that his children obey him, and he must do so in a manner worthy of full respect. 5 (If anyone does not know how to manage his own family, how can he take care of God’s church?) 6 He must not be a recent convert, or he may become conceited and fall under the same judgment as the devil. 7 He must also have a good reputation with outsiders, so that he will not fall into disgrace and into the devil’s trap. 8 In the same way, deacons are to be worthy of respect, sincere, not indulging in much wine, and not pursuing dishonest gain. 9 They must keep hold of the deep truths of the faith with a clear conscience. 10 They must first be tested; and then if there is nothing against them, let them serve as deacons.As United Methodists, we believe in the ministry of all Christians. That means whether or not you serve the church in a pastoral role, like Pastor Sarah or Pastor John, you are also a minister of the Church. We call this “the unity of ministry in Christ.” We are all in this ministry together because we have been baptized. Our United Methodist Discipline tells us that: “All United Methodists are summoned and sent by Christ to live and work together in mutual interdependence and to be guided by the Spirit into the truth that frees and the love that reconciles.” This means that we are all called to a servant ministry to serve Christ and to serve our community. This week, take some time to reflect on what your gifts for ministry are and how and where you can use your gifts. Can you use your gifts at home, at school, at work, going shopping, as you are commuting? Take time this week to pray for your ministry and for the ministry of our church family.Support the show (http://tinyurl.com/donatecumc)

Acts 6:1-7 New International Version (NIV) The Choosing of the Seven 6 In those days when the number of disciples was increasing, the Hellenistic Jews[a] among them complained against the Hebraic Jews because their widows were being overlooked in the daily distribution of food. 2 So the Twelve gathered all the disciples together and said, “It would not be right for us to neglect the ministry of the word of God in order to wait on tables. 3 Brothers and sisters, choose seven men from among you who are known to be full of the Spirit and wisdom. We will turn this responsibility over to them 4 and will give our attention to prayer and the ministry of the word.” 5 This proposal pleased the whole group. They chose Stephen, a man full of faith and of the Holy Spirit; also Philip, Procorus, Nicanor, Timon, Parmenas, and Nicolas from Antioch, a convert to Judaism. 6 They presented these men to the apostles, who prayed and laid their hands on them. 7 So the word of God spread. The number of disciples in Jerusalem increased rapidly, and a large number of priests became obedient to the faith. Footnotes: Acts 6:1 That is, Jews who had adopted the Greek language and culture

2019/3/3 Ps Luke Kennedy ルーク　ケネディ牧師 Categories: Video: https://osaka.mylifehouse.com/tv/message/gifts-part-2-7-men-overflow-with-gifts Gifts - (Part 2): 7 Men - Overflow with Gifts John 7:37-39 (CSB) (37) On the last and most important day of the festival, Jesus stood up and cried out, “If anyone is thirsty, let him come to me and drink. (38) The one who believes in me, as the Scripture has said, will have streams of living water flow from deep within him. (39) He said this about the Spirit. Those who believed in Jesus were going to receive the Spirit, for the Spirit had not yet been given because Jesus had not yet been glorified. Romans 12:6 (NIV) We have different gifts, according to the grace given to each of us. If your gift is prophesying, then prophesy in accordance with your faith; Grace - Gift —> Joy (all words are rooted together and need to be seen together). Gifts are linked to faith - or putting gifts to work asap - as soon as possible. The Problem Acts 6:1-2 (NIV) (1) In those days when the number of disciples was increasing, the Hellenistic Jews among them complained against the Hebraic Jews because their widows were being overlooked in the daily distribution of food. (2) So the Twelve gathered all the disciples together and said, “It would not be right for us to neglect the ministry of the word of God in order to wait on tables. The Solution = 7 Men with Management and People gifts Acts 6:3-6 (NIV) (3) Brothers and sisters, choose seven men from among you who are known to be full of the Spirit and wisdom. We will turn this responsibility over to them (4) and will give our attention to prayer and the ministry of the word.” (5) This proposal pleased the whole group. They chose Stephen, a man full of faith and of the Holy Spirit; also Philip, Procorus, Nicanor, Timon, Parmenas, and Nicolas from Antioch, a convert to Judaism. (6) They presented these men to the apostles, who prayed and laid their hands on them. -skill, faith, wisdom, prayer The Result Acts 6:7-8 (NIV) (7) So the word of God spread. The number of disciples in Jerusalem increased rapidly, and a large number of priests became obedient to the faith. (8) Now Stephen, a man full of God’s grace and power, performed great wonders and signs among the people. Jeremiah 29:11 (NIV) For I know the plans I have for you,” declares the Lord, “plans to prosper you and not to harm you, plans to give you hope and a future. 才能 - (パート２): ７人の男 - 才能で溢れる ヨハネ 7:37-39 (JCB) (37) 祭りの最後の一番大切な日に、イエスは大声で群衆に語りかけました。「だれでも、渇いているなら、わたしのところへ来て飲みなさい。(38)わたしを信じれば、心の奥底からいのちの水の川が流れ出ると、聖書に語られているとおりです。」(39)〔イエスは聖霊のことを言われたのです。聖霊は、イエスを信じる人すべてに与えられることになっていましたが、この時はまだ与えられていませんでした。イエスが天にある栄光の座に戻っておられなかったからです。〕 ローマ 12:6 (ALIVE訳) 神はすべての人に十人十色の、特別でユニークな能力を恵んでくれた。だから、預言することに恵まれているなら、他人と比べず、自分らしく預言するのだ！ 恵み –　才能 -> 喜び（全ての言葉の原形は同じであり、一緒に見る必要がある） 才能は信仰に繋がっている　- 才能を出来るだけ素早く活かし始める 問題 使徒6:1-2 (JCB) (1) 信者の数がどんどん増えるにつれて、内部から不満の声が出るようになりました。信者の中のギリシヤ語を話すユダヤ人たちが、ヘブル語を話すユダヤ人たちに苦情をぶつけたのです。原因は、彼らのうちの未亡人たちが、毎日の食料の配給で差別されていることでした。(2)そこで十二人の使徒は、信者全員を召集し、こう提案しました。「私たち使徒が食料の配給の問題に時間をさくのは、よくありません。何よりも、神のことばを伝えることに専念すべきです。 解決策=管理力と対人スキルの才能を持った７人 使徒6:3-6 (JCB) (3) そこで、愛する皆さん。この仕事にふさわしい人、賢明で、聖霊に満たされた人に、いっさいを任せることにしましょう。さあ回りをよく見回して、この人と思う人を七人選んでください。(4)そうすれば私たちは、祈りと説教と教育に打ち込むことができます。」(5)全員がこの提案に賛成し、次の人たちを選びました。ステパノ〔聖霊に満たされた信仰深い人物〕、ピリポ、プロコロ、ニカノル、テモン、パルメナ、アンテオケのニコラオ〔ユダヤ教に改宗していた外国人で、クリスチャンになった人物〕。(6)以上の七名が前に立ったので、使徒たちは彼らのために祈り、彼らに手を置いて祝福しました。 -才能、信仰、知恵、祈り 結果 使徒6:7-8 (JCB) (7) こうして、神のことばはますます広まり、エルサレムでは、弟子の数が驚くほど増えていきました。ユダヤ教の祭司たちの中からも、信仰に入る者が数多く出ました。(8)さて、ステパノは聖霊の力に満たされた人で、すばらしい奇跡を行っていました。 エレミヤ29:11 (JCB) わたしは、おまえたちのために立てた計画をよく知っている。それは災いではなく祝福を与える計画で、将来と希望を約束する。

Acts 5:42-6:7 Christian Standard Bible (CSB) 42 Every day in the temple, and in various homes, they continued teaching and proclaiming the good news that Jesus is the Messiah. Seven Chosen to Serve 6 In those days, as the disciples were increasing in number, there arose a complaint by the Hellenistic Jews against the Hebraic Jews that their widows were being overlooked in the daily distribution. 2 The Twelve summoned the whole company of the disciples and said, “It would not be right for us to give up preaching the word of God to wait on tables. 3 Brothers and sisters, select from among you seven men of good reputation, full of the Spirit and wisdom, whom we can appoint to this duty. 4 But we will devote ourselves to prayer and to the ministry of the word.” 5 This proposal pleased the whole company. So they chose Stephen, a man full of faith and the Holy Spirit, and Philip, Prochorus, Nicanor, Timon, Parmenas, and Nicolaus, a convert from Antioch. 6 They had them stand before the apostles, who prayed and laid their hands on them. 7 So the word of God spread, the disciples in Jerusalem increased greatly in number, and a large group of priests became obedient to the faith.

Acts 6:1-7 (NIV) The Choosing of the Seven 6 In those days when the number of disciples was increasing, the Hellenistic Jews[a] among them complained against the Hebraic Jews because their widows were being overlooked in the daily distribution of food. 2 So the Twelve gathered all the disciples together and said, “It would not be right for us to neglect the ministry of the word of God in order to wait on tables. 3 Brothers and sisters,choose seven men from among you who are known to be full of the Spirit and wisdom. We will turn this responsibility over to them 4 and will give our attention to prayer and the ministry of the word.” 5 This proposal pleased the whole group. They chose Stephen, a man full of faith and of the Holy Spirit; also Philip, Procorus, Nicanor, Timon, Parmenas, and Nicolas from Antioch, a convert to Judaism. 6 They presented these men to the apostles, who prayed and laid their hands on them. 7 So the word of God spread. The number of disciples in Jerusalem increased rapidly, and a large number of priests became obedient to the faith. Footnotes: [a] Acts 6:1 That is, Jews who had adopted the Greek language and culture

Joel Radford – Why have deacons? – Acts 6:1-7   1 In those days when the number of disciples was increasing, the Grecian Jews among them complained against the Hebraic Jews because their widows were being overlooked in the daily distribution of food. 2 So the Twelve gathered all the disciples together and said, “It […]

Acts 6:1-7 (NIV)The Choosing of the Seven 6 In those days when the number of disciples was increasing, the Hellenistic Jews[a] among them complained against the Hebraic Jews because their widows were being overlooked in the daily distribution of food. 2 So the Twelve gathered all the disciples together and said, “It would not be right for us to neglect the ministry of the word of God in order to wait on tables. 3 Brothers and sisters, choose seven men from among you who are known to be full of the Spirit and wisdom. We will turn this responsibility over to them 4 and will give our attention to prayer and the ministry of the word.”5 This proposal pleased the whole group. They chose Stephen, a man full of faith and of the Holy Spirit; also Philip, Procorus, Nicanor, Timon, Parmenas, and Nicolas from Antioch, a convert to Judaism. 6 They presented these men to the apostles, who prayed and laid their hands on them.7 So the word of God spread. The number of disciples in Jerusalem increased rapidly, and a large number of priests became obedient to the faith.Footnotes:Acts 6:1 That is, Jews who had adopted the Greek language and culture

Acts 6:1-7 (NIV)The Choosing of the Seven 6 In those days when the number of disciples was increasing, the Hellenistic Jews[a] among them complained against the Hebraic Jews because their widows were being overlooked in the daily distribution of food. 2 So the Twelve gathered all the disciples together and said, “It would not be right for us to neglect the ministry of the word of God in order to wait on tables. 3 Brothers and sisters, choose seven men from among you who are known to be full of the Spirit and wisdom. We will turn this responsibility over to them 4 and will give our attention to prayer and the ministry of the word.”5 This proposal pleased the whole group. They chose Stephen, a man full of faith and of the Holy Spirit; also Philip, Procorus, Nicanor, Timon, Parmenas, and Nicolas from Antioch, a convert to Judaism. 6 They presented these men to the apostles, who prayed and laid their hands on them.7 So the word of God spread. The number of disciples in Jerusalem increased rapidly, and a large number of priests became obedient to the faith.Footnotes:Acts 6:1 That is, Jews who had adopted the Greek language and culture

Acts 6:1-7 (NIV)The Choosing of the Seven 6 In those days when the number of disciples was increasing, the Hellenistic Jews[a] among them complained against the Hebraic Jews because their widows were being overlooked in the daily distribution of food. 2 So the Twelve gathered all the disciples together and said, “It would not be right for us to neglect the ministry of the word of God in order to wait on tables. 3 Brothers and sisters, choose seven men from among you who are known to be full of the Spirit and wisdom. We will turn this responsibility over to them 4 and will give our attention to prayer and the ministry of the word.”5 This proposal pleased the whole group. They chose Stephen, a man full of faith and of the Holy Spirit; also Philip, Procorus, Nicanor, Timon, Parmenas, and Nicolas from Antioch, a convert to Judaism. 6 They presented these men to the apostles, who prayed and laid their hands on them.7 So the word of God spread. The number of disciples in Jerusalem increased rapidly, and a large number of priests became obedient to the faith.Footnotes:Acts 6:1 That is, Jews who had adopted the Greek language and culture

Acts 6:1-7 (NIV)The Choosing of the Seven 6 In those days when the number of disciples was increasing, the Hellenistic Jews[a] among them complained against the Hebraic Jews because their widows were being overlooked in the daily distribution of food. 2 So the Twelve gathered all the disciples together and said, “It would not be right for us to neglect the ministry of the word of God in order to wait on tables. 3 Brothers and sisters, choose seven men from among you who are known to be full of the Spirit and wisdom. We will turn this responsibility over to them 4 and will give our attention to prayer and the ministry of the word.”5 This proposal pleased the whole group. They chose Stephen, a man full of faith and of the Holy Spirit; also Philip, Procorus, Nicanor, Timon, Parmenas, and Nicolas from Antioch, a convert to Judaism. 6 They presented these men to the apostles, who prayed and laid their hands on them.7 So the word of God spread. The number of disciples in Jerusalem increased rapidly, and a large number of priests became obedient to the faith.Footnotes:Acts 6:1 That is, Jews who had adopted the Greek language and culture

Acts 6:1-7 (NIV) The Choosing of the Seven 6 In those days when the number of disciples was increasing, the Hellenistic Jews[a] among them complained against the Hebraic Jews because their widows were being overlooked in the daily distribution of food. 2 So the Twelve gathered all the disciples together and said, “It would not be right for us to neglect the ministry of the word of God in order to wait on tables. 3 Brothers and sisters, choose seven men from among you who are known to be full of the Spirit and wisdom. We will turn this responsibility over to them 4 and will give our attention to prayer and the ministry of the word.” 5 This proposal pleased the whole group. They chose Stephen, a man full of faith and of the Holy Spirit; also Philip, Procorus, Nicanor, Timon, Parmenas, and Nicolas from Antioch, a convert to Judaism. 6 They presented these men to the apostles, who prayed and laid their hands on them. 7 So the word of God spread. The number of disciples in Jerusalem increased rapidly, and a large number of priests became obedient to the faith. Footnotes: Acts 6:1 That is, Jews who had adopted the Greek language and culture

Acts 6:1-7 (NIV) The Choosing of the Seven 6 In those days when the number of disciples was increasing, the Hellenistic Jews[a] among them complained against the Hebraic Jews because their widows were being overlooked in the daily distribution of food. 2 So the Twelve gathered all the disciples together and said, “It would not be right for us to neglect the ministry of the word of God in order to wait on tables. 3 Brothers and sisters, choose seven men from among you who are known to be full of the Spirit and wisdom. We will turn this responsibility over to them 4 and will give our attention to prayer and the ministry of the word.” 5 This proposal pleased the whole group. They chose Stephen, a man full of faith and of the Holy Spirit; also Philip, Procorus, Nicanor, Timon, Parmenas, and Nicolas from Antioch, a convert to Judaism. 6 They presented these men to the apostles, who prayed and laid their hands on them. 7 So the word of God spread. The number of disciples in Jerusalem increased rapidly, and a large number of priests became obedient to the faith. Footnotes: Acts 6:1 That is, Jews who had adopted the Greek language and culture

Acts 6:1-7 (NIV) The Choosing of the Seven 6 In those days when the number of disciples was increasing, the Hellenistic Jews[a] among them complained against the Hebraic Jews because their widows were being overlooked in the daily distribution of food. 2 So the Twelve gathered all the disciples together and said, “It would not be right for us to neglect the ministry of the word of God in order to wait on tables. 3 Brothers and sisters, choose seven men from among you who are known to be full of the Spirit and wisdom. We will turn this responsibility over to them 4 and will give our attention to prayer and the ministry of the word.” 5 This proposal pleased the whole group. They chose Stephen, a man full of faith and of the Holy Spirit; also Philip, Procorus, Nicanor, Timon, Parmenas, and Nicolas from Antioch, a convert to Judaism. 6 They presented these men to the apostles, who prayed and laid their hands on them. 7 So the word of God spread. The number of disciples in Jerusalem increased rapidly, and a large number of priests became obedient to the faith. Footnotes: Acts 6:1 That is, Jews who had adopted the Greek language and culture

Acts 6:1-7 (NIV)The Choosing of the Seven 6 In those days when the number of disciples was increasing, the Hellenistic Jews[a] among them complained against the Hebraic Jews because their widows were being overlooked in the daily distribution of food. 2 So the Twelve gathered all the disciples together and said, “It would not be right for us to neglect the ministry of the word of God in order to wait on tables. 3 Brothers and sisters, choose seven men from among you who are known to be full of the Spirit and wisdom. We will turn this responsibility over to them 4 and will give our attention to prayer and the ministry of the word.”5 This proposal pleased the whole group. They chose Stephen, a man full of faith and of the Holy Spirit; also Philip, Procorus, Nicanor, Timon, Parmenas, and Nicolas from Antioch, a convert to Judaism. 6 They presented these men to the apostles, who prayed and laid their hands on them.7 So the word of God spread. The number of disciples in Jerusalem increased rapidly, and a large number of priests became obedient to the faith.Footnotes:Acts 6:1 That is, Jews who had adopted the Greek language and culture

Acts 6:1-7 (NIV)The Choosing of the Seven 6 In those days when the number of disciples was increasing, the Hellenistic Jews[a] among them complained against the Hebraic Jews because their widows were being overlooked in the daily distribution of food. 2 So the Twelve gathered all the disciples together and said, “It would not be right for us to neglect the ministry of the word of God in order to wait on tables. 3 Brothers and sisters, choose seven men from among you who are known to be full of the Spirit and wisdom. We will turn this responsibility over to them 4 and will give our attention to prayer and the ministry of the word.”5 This proposal pleased the whole group. They chose Stephen, a man full of faith and of the Holy Spirit; also Philip, Procorus, Nicanor, Timon, Parmenas, and Nicolas from Antioch, a convert to Judaism. 6 They presented these men to the apostles, who prayed and laid their hands on them.7 So the word of God spread. The number of disciples in Jerusalem increased rapidly, and a large number of priests became obedient to the faith.Footnotes:Acts 6:1 That is, Jews who had adopted the Greek language and culture

Acts 6:1-6 (NIV)The Choosing of the Seven 1 In those days when the number of disciples was increasing, the Hellenistic Jews[a] among them complained against the Hebraic Jews because their widows were being overlooked in the daily distribution of food. 2 So the Twelve gathered all the disciples together and said, “It would not be right for us to neglect the ministry of the word of God in order to wait on tables. 3 Brothers and sisters, choose seven men from among you who are known to be full of the Spirit and wisdom. We will turn this responsibility over to them 4 and will give our attention to prayer and the ministry of the word.”5 This proposal pleased the whole group. They chose Stephen, a man full of faith and of the Holy Spirit; also Philip, Procorus, Nicanor, Timon, Parmenas, and Nicolas from Antioch, a convert to Judaism. 6 They presented these men to the apostles, who prayed and laid their hands on them.

Acts 6:1-6 (NIV)The Choosing of the Seven 1 In those days when the number of disciples was increasing, the Hellenistic Jews[a] among them complained against the Hebraic Jews because their widows were being overlooked in the daily distribution of food. 2 So the Twelve gathered all the disciples together and said, “It would not be right for us to neglect the ministry of the word of God in order to wait on tables. 3 Brothers and sisters, choose seven men from among you who are known to be full of the Spirit and wisdom. We will turn this responsibility over to them 4 and will give our attention to prayer and the ministry of the word.”5 This proposal pleased the whole group. They chose Stephen, a man full of faith and of the Holy Spirit; also Philip, Procorus, Nicanor, Timon, Parmenas, and Nicolas from Antioch, a convert to Judaism. 6 They presented these men to the apostles, who prayed and laid their hands on them.