Medieval and early modern Catholic military order
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5 episodes with Knights Hospitaller
2 episodes with Knights Hospitaller
2 episodes with Knights Hospitaller
2 episodes with Knights Hospitaller
2 episodes with Knights Hospitaller
Truth is? I hadn't planned on producing this episode. But way back when I was working on my PhD I learned that one has to go where the historical record takes one. So in this episode I narrate details about the Jerusalem Kingdom (the 600 square mile empire) that arose after the First Crusade. Led by different orders of Knights, the Jerusalem Kingdom became the locale for the fantastic accumulation and management of wealth all over Europe. How did that happen? What was so amazing about the Knights Hospitaller? Why did the Knights Templar explode in growth and influence? I also address an important question, why didn't the Medieval Christians practice corporate pacifism? Concerning that very question what specific factors and decisions were thrust upon them all? In the show's cultural reflection I talk about the legacy of Pope Francis and explain why I believe another Pope like Francis will follow in his wake. Come laugh and think with me.
In the summer of 1565, the might of the Ottoman empire faced off against a few hundred Knights Hospitaller and their allies on the island of Malta. The outcome might have seemed inevitable but the events of the subsequent siege were far from predictable, as the defenders waged a desperate battle for their home and their lives. Speaking to Rob Attar, Professor Marcus Bull chronicles the events of a dramatic clash with far-reaching consequences. (Ad) Marcus Bull is the author of The Great Siege of Malta (Penguin Books, 2025). Buy it now from Waterstones: https://go.skimresources.com?id=71026X1535947&xcust=historyextra-social-histboty&xs=1&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.waterstones.com%2Fbook%2Fthe-great-siege-of-malta%2Fmarcus-bull%2F9780241523650. The HistoryExtra podcast is produced by the team behind BBC History Magazine. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices
This is the story of Suleiman the Magnificent's attempt to conquer Malta, the headquarters of a Catholic military order that had become a thorn in his side. They were known as the Knights Hospitaller, and the siege to come would pit Grand Master Jean de Valette and his force of outnumbered defenders against an elite Ottoman army.For this, we're joined by Marcus Bull, author of 'The Great Siege of Malta'. Marcus takes us through this tale of siege warfare and explains how luck as much as skill helped the defenders to hold out long enough for the siege to be broken.Produced by James Hickmann and edited by Matthew Peaty.Sign up to History Hit for hundreds of hours of original documentaries, with a new release every week and ad-free podcasts. Sign up at https://www.historyhit.com/subscribe.We'd love to hear your feedback - you can take part in our podcast survey here: https://insights.historyhit.com/history-hit-podcast-always-on.You can also email the podcast directly at ds.hh@historyhit.com.
Today, you'll learn about 17 things to see and do in Wexford, Ireland. Just in time for my Celtic Invasion of Wexford that happens in June. I share one of the best ways to make effective climate change happen along with an easy personal change. And you'll hear music from Kinnfolk, Tarren, and Erin Ruth. This is Folk Songs & Stories #294 0:22 - Tarren “Sunk” from Outside Time 4:54 - WELCOME TO FOLK SONGS & STORIES I am Marc Gunn. I'm a Celtic and Folk musician and also host of the Irish & Celtic Music Podcast, an hour-long radio show of some of the best indie Celtic music online. That was… If you're new to this show, please subscribe. You can do that PubSong.com or Just send an email to follow@celtfather. I had hip replacement surgery on the 13th of January. It's incredible that two weeks later I'm up and walking around. Yeah. I got a gruesome scar, but the medical professions are just amazing. The big challenge, of course, is that I haven't had time to work on podcasts or music or much of anything else. I'm largely exercising and taking care of my family. All while trying to ignore the pain. Sleeping is one of the worst parts of it all. But I'm hoping to get some new medicine that might make me at least a little bit more comfortable. So that said, I realized the Brobdingnagian Bards' Kickstarter is now delayed a couple months. Andrew and I planned to get together in person to record in February. I don't think it's gonna happen. Tho there's still a small possibility. In the meantime, we are planning to get together in April to record when I head to Texas for Sherwood Forest Faire. But that also didn't stop me from launching Another Kickstarter. This one is for the Irish & Celtic Music Podcast. It funds a CD and Album Pin and other merch to promote the podcast with a really cool design that reads “Celtic Forever”. I'll tell you more about that in a little bit. But if you want to support the Kickstarter, I would greatly appreciate it. Follow the link in the shownotes. But before we goton with the show, I have a really important way for you to fight climate change. It all begins with your local government. The current administration is dismantling all the good climate progress we had these past few years. But that just reminds me that since the beginning of our country, there's been a big discussion about States Rights vs Federal Rights. States Rights was a big issue when our nation started. I'm learning more about that as I help my daughter with American History. While I think some issues like Climate Change progress should be national, that's not the way America will work for the next four years. We need to take it local. I heard about a recent analysis, state and local programs, such as improved building efficiency standards and ambitious renewable energy adoption targets. They have the potential to reduce U.S. greenhouse gas emissions by up to 62%. You can join a local group. Or you can talk to your city legislators or county or state legislators. If enough of us reach out locally, we can make change happen in our physical communities. Which will blossom up to our State and hopefully eventually our National. Start small. Start local. That idea was inspired while reading One5C, a website that shares climate news and actions. Bring your water bottle (or reusable mug) everywhere One of the biggest challenges in terms of both climate change and overconsumption is the world's dependence on single-use plastic. It's a dilemma in terms of fossil fuel use, pollution, ecosystem destruction, human health, and more. According to the U.N., 1 million plastic bottles are purchased every single minute across the world, and half of all plastic produced is used just once and then thrown away. The easiest thing we can do right this moment is make sure to grab your water bottle or coffee cup whenever you leave the house. You never know when thirst will strike, and bringing your own container no matter the destination takes away the need to buy something you'll just toss when it's empty—a win for both your wallet and the planet. 11:21 - Marc Gunn “Kilty Pleasure” from Selcouth Listen to the full story of “Kilty Pleasure” on show #251. Vote: Favorite songs on Selcouth? 15:25 - UPCOMING SHOWS MAR 1: The Lost Druid Brewery, Avondale Estates, GA @ 6-9 PM MAR 16: The Wings Cafe & Tap House, Marietta, GA @ 3-7 PM MAR 17: The Wings Cafe & Tap House, Marietta, GA @ 6-9:30 PM APR 12-13: Sherwood Forest Faire, Paige, TX APR 19-20: Sherwood Forest Faire, Paige, TX APR 25-27: Jordan Con, Atlanta, GA MAY 3: Maggie McGuinness Pub, Huntsville, AL JUL 19: Fiddler's Green Coffeehouse Concert series @ 8 PM JUN 21-28: Celtic Invasion of Wexford, Ireland SEP 24-28: ALEP 6, Harrodsburg, KY 15:53 - LATEST NEWS See pictures from my Celtic Invasion of Scotland's Whiskey A few more weeks and I'll have shared all of my photos from my Celtic Invasion of Scotland's Whisky. You can see those on Patreon. Merch: Celtic Forever: Best Celtic Music of 2024 Celtic Forever is a compilation CD (you have…) and Album Pin (you have…) featuring 14 of the best songs and tunes as voted on by fans of the Irish & Celtic Music Podcast. There's music from The Gothard Sisters, Poitín, Vicki Swan & Jonny Dyer, Cherish The Ladies, Marc Gunn, Sorcha, Mànran, Arise & Go, The Byrne Brothers, Screaming Orphans, Ian Fontova, Fialla, Matt & Shannon Heaton, Dancing With Hobbits. You can hear the complete list of songs and tunes on the Irish & Celtic Music Podcasts Celtic Top 20 of 2024 #691. And if you check out show #695 Celtic Forever, you'll hear other tracks from these amazing Celtic artists. So why Celtic Forever. It goes back to the last song I featured earlier, “Kilty Pleasure”. Then I'm off to the pub or the fair or the fest A wee swing goes into each step ‘Cause I'm American born and Celtic forever And both are truly blessed I was trying to use that phrase to promote Selcouth with an album pin for the past couple of years. But the ideas just weren't working. Then Christopher Toler made the Cat in front of a Celtic Moon design that inspired the compilation artwork. I love the Album Pin design. So when you support the Album Pin on Kickstarter, you will get both the 14 track compilation, plus you'll get my album, Selcouth, as a bonus gift. 19:54 - THANK YOU GUNN RUNNERS Your generous support on Patreon is how I make a living with music. It is patronage that allows me to create new music and podcasts that help others out. Sign up as an official Gunn Runner for as little as $5 per month. You'll get exclusive, unreleased songs. You'll get podcasts, blogs, and you'll enjoy access to a huge archive of video concerts. If you can't support me financially right now, that's okay, take care of yourself first. You can join the club for free and get weekly photos of my Celtic invasions and regular updates of my musical adventures. Email follow@celtfather to get more details! 21:27 - Kinnfolk "The Water's Rising / Gwendal" from Star Above The Mountain Please leave a comment on the podcast show notes at pubsong.com or wherever you're listening. You can also message me on Facebook. Email me, send me pictures of where you're listening. follow@celtfather 27:10 - TODAY'S SHOW IS BROUGHT TO BY CELTIC INVASION VACATIONS Every year, I take a small group of people on a relaxing adventure to one of the Celtic nations. We don't see everything. Instead we stay in one area. We get to know the region through its culture, history, and legends. You can join me with an auditory and visual adventure through podcasts, blogs, videos, and photos. In 2025, you can join me for a Celtic Invasion of Wexford, Ireland. Sign to the Celtic Invasion Vacations mailing list at CelticInvasion.com. 28:33 - 17 Things to See and Do in Wexford, Ireland Hook Lighthouse: Visit the world's oldest operational lighthouse and take a guided tour. Irish National Heritage Park: Explore this open-air museum showcasing 9,000 years of Irish history. Curracloe Beach: A pristine beach famous for being featured in Saving Private Ryan. Johnstown Castle & Gardens: Tour the Gothic Revival castle and stroll through its beautifully landscaped gardens. Tintern Abbey: Discover this 13th-century Cistercian abbey and nearby walking trails. Wexford Wildfowl Reserve: A haven for birdwatchers and nature enthusiasts. Selskar Abbey: Visit the ruins of this 12th-century abbey in Wexford town. Dunbrody Famine Ship: Step aboard a replica of a 19th-century emigrant ship. Rosslare Strand: Enjoy the beach, water sports, and seaside charm of Rosslare. Duncannon Fort: Explore this star-shaped fort with stunning views of the coast. Loftus Hall: A haunted 14th-century mansion on the Hook Peninsula. Ballyhack Castle: Tour this 15th-century tower house with connections to the Knights Hospitaller. Tacumshane Windmill: Visit one of Ireland's oldest windmills. Baginbun Beach: A secluded spot with historical significance tied to the Norman invasion. Saltee Islands: Take a boat trip to these birdwatcher's paradises. Enniscorthy Castle: Explore the medieval castle and its exhibitions. Raven Nature Reserve: Hike through this coastal woodland adjacent to Curracloe Beach. 33:12 - Erin Ruth "Oro My Little Boat" from single 25:42 - CREDITS Thanks for listening to Folk Songs & Stories. This episode was edited by Mitchell Petersen. It was produced by Marc Gunn and my Gunn Runners on Patreon. Follow my Patreon blog for free updates and to listen to the podcast. Sign up to my mailing list for monthly updates and to discover where I'm performing. Please tell one friend about this podcast. Word of mouth is the absolute best way to support any creative endeavor. And Remember. Reduce, reuse, recycle, and talk with others about how you can make a positive impact on climate change and your community. Have fun and sing along at www.pubsong.com! #folksongs #celticsongs
William Ramsey returns to Wake the Dead to teach us about the Sovereign Military Order of Malta, formally known as Sovereign Military Hospitaller Order of Saint John of Jerusalem, of Rhodes and of Malta. A sovereign entity under international law, the Knights of Malta are the continuation of the Knights Hospitaller, a chivalric order founded in 1099. This order still maintains its power ordained by the Holy Roman Empire. William reveals the history & members of this elite group. Find William Ramsey here: https://www.williamramseyinvestigates.com/ https://podcasts.apple.com/gb/podcast/william-ramsey-investigates/id1388815042 https://www.williamramseyinvestigates.com/store Please donate to Wake the Dead! https://onegreatworknetwork.com/sean-mccann/donate/ BTC (bitcoin) address: 3Ptmi463Pu6HH1duop7rCKaxBriQkb4ina https://www.buymeacoffee.com/wakethedead https://www.paypal.com/paypalme/seanmccannabis Visit Wake the Dead's store! https://wakethedead.creator-spring.com/ Find Sean McCann on X: https://twitter.com/SeanWakeTheDead Join the Wake the Dead telegram: https://t.me/wakethedeadpodcast Join the Wake the Dead guilded server: https://www.guilded.gg/i/kJWaQzmp
In this episode, Dan Ryan interviews Robyn Pratt, the General Manager of the Phoenicia Hotel in Malta and Principal of Impact Consulting Limited. Robyn shares her journey from her upbringing in Australia to becoming a leader in the hospitality industry. She elaborates on the importance of genuine employee engagement and shares her approach to creating a strong service culture that results in both happy employees and loyal guests. Robyn also discusses the unique aspects of Malta and how the island's rich history adds to the charm of the Phoenicia Hotel. This episode provides a deep dive into how authentic leadership and a passion for service can elevate any hospitality operation.Takeaways: Recognize that hospitality is about making people feel special and welcome, just as if they are guests in your own home.Appoint a dedicated person to oversee employee wellness, ensuring that your team feels supported both personally and professionally.Spend time interacting with both guests and employees. Regularly walk around the property to engage with your team and understand their daily challenges.Organize monthly general manager's breakfasts or similar informal gatherings where employees from different functions can share ideas and feedback.Implement programs like Employee of the Month, and consider equitable profit-sharing initiatives to incentivize the entire team.Encourage staff to bring their personalities to their roles. Genuine interactions can significantly enhance the guest experience.Implement comprehensive training programs focused on service culture development and provide opportunities for career growth.Quote of the Show:“ The words are easy to say, we've got these values. What does it mean? What does it mean to deliver a value of caring?” - Robyn PrattLinks:LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/robyn-pratt-33011a/ Website: https://www.phoeniciamalta.com/ Shout Outs:0:52 - Hospitality Daily https://www.hospitalitydaily.com/ 0:53 - Josiah McKenzie https://www.linkedin.com/in/josiahmackenzie/ 13:58 - UNESCO https://www.unesco.org/en 15:21 - Condé Nast https://www.condenast.com/ 23:02 - Verne Harnish https://www.linkedin.com/in/verneharnish/ 35:26 - Four Seasons https://www.fourseasons.com/ 38:09 - Marriott https://www.marriott.com/default.mi 48:14 - Knights of St. John https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knights_Hospitaller
BECOMING A KNIGHT OF MALTA (PROTECTOR NATION PODCAST
In 1319 Roger de Stangrave, a Hospitaller knight, and a Jew named Isaac arrived in England. For a ransom of 10,00 gold florins, Isaac had freed Stangrave, a stranger to him, from over 30 years of Mamluk captivity and then accompanied the knight home to be repaid. By 1322, Isaac has converted to Christianity and become Edward of St. John, with King Edward II taking him as godson. What motivated Isaac to ransom a stranger for such an exorbitant cost and leave his native Egypt and end up baptised in England which at the time had expelled all Jews with the decree of Edward I in 1290 (father of Edward II) until it was formally overturned under Oliver Cromwell in 1656? With the backdrop of the Crusades and European antisemitism, to share with us today his investigation of this curious tale is Dr. Rory MacLellan. Dr MacLellan completed his PhD in Medieval History 2019 at St. Andrews and is currently a cataloguer and manuscript researcher at the British Library. He specialises in medieval religious history, especially the crusades and the military-religious orders. His first book, ‘Donations to the Knights Hospitaller in Britain and Ireland', 1291-1400, is published by Routledge. TIMESTAMPS: 02:20 The first records of Jews in England start with William the Conqueror although one can speculate there may have been Jews prior during the Roman occupation. What many viewers may not know is that Jews were officially expelled from England by Edward I in 1290 until it was formally overturned under Oliver Cromwell in 1657. 15:37 The reign of Edward II (1284-1327) coincides with the titular caliphates of Al-Hakim I (1262 - 1302) and Al-Mustakfi I (1302-1340) and the de facto rule of a number of Mamluk sultans starting with Qalawun (1279-1290) and ending with the second reign Nasir ad-Din Muhammad (1299-1309). What was the socio-political context of Edward's reign domestically and abroad, and what was he like as a person? 20:41 He was also cucked by a Frenchman. His wife Isabella shacked up with a Roger Mortimer and declared war on her husband. What happened there? 24:27 And give us also an overview of the Crusades and how that forms the backdrop to our story. 28:43 Before we look at Isaac and his journey to England, tell us first about Stangrave and how he ended up as a prisoner of war. 30:35 Enter Isaac. What do we do know about him? 39:08 And tell us more about the Domus Conversorum: a London hospital for baptised Jews and their relatives. 44:05 Your essay is a really good example of a critical reading of the sources. Tell us what you think really happened and why. 51:30 Comparison of Jewish life in Mamluk Egypt and Christian England 1:00:08 You have also looked at how the so-called 'alt right' can manipulate medieval history for their political agenda. Tell us your views about that. For more on our guest: https://twitter.com/RFMacLellan https://bl.academia.edu/RoryMacLellan SPONSOR: We are sponsored by IHRC bookshop. Listeners get a 15% discount on all purchases online and in-store. Visit IHRC bookshop at shop.ihrc.org and use discount code AHP15 at checkout. Terms and conditions apply. Contact IHRC bookshop for details. IslamicHistory #MedievalHistory #AbbasidHistory #jewishhistory #crusades #baptism #egypt https://linktr.ee/abbasidhistorypodcast
David Whitehead joins Brendan to discuss the hidden networks of globalist power that seek to retain control over the masses from behind the scenes (mostly). Who are the would-be powers ruling the world? What circles do they move in? What are the nexus points between these shadowy networks and visible geopolitical activity and known figureheads? David talks about the esoteric knowledge base held and protected by these "elites" for many years now. This episode touches on the divine right to rule, Black Nobility, royal connections to the occult, child trafficking, Vatican involvement, freemasonry, occult symbolism (like the all-seeing eye), divide and conquer tactics, how old traditions became corrupted over time, the private religions and practices of public figures, John of God, and much more. Special Guest: David Whitehead.
I'm finally back on my shit, folks. Lots of PPM coming at you. Subscribe to the PPM Patreon to access the full version: patreon.com/ParaPowerMapping In Pt. II of our survey of curious evidence possibly indicating a continuum from Catholic military orders like the Knights Templar, Hospitaller, & Knights of the Cross with the Red Star to esoteric Protestant movements like Rosicrucianism... on to Freemasonry and all the way to the Red Cross, we discuss: The Poor Fellow Soldiers of Christ & the Temple of Solomon origin story; the Knight & Grand Master Hugues de Payens; Pope Innocent II; King Baldwin; Solomon's Temple; passing mention of Baphomet & decapitated reliquary legends; Bernard of Clairvaux; Cistercians; the Templars as favored "charity" of Euro aristocracy & the Holy See (another Red Cross similarity); transmutation into transnational corporation; Red Cross & Swiss neutrality kinda mirrored in the fact the vast majority of Templars were noncombatants; Knights Hospitaller history; Blessed Gerard; Church of the Holy Sepulchre; militarization during du Puys reign; Hospitaller heraldry also evoking RC & Templars; the "Bohemian" (Austrian, Czech, & German) Knights of the Cross w/ the Red Star, directly inspired by the Hospitallers; similarly to the Templars & ARC, a society initially intended to serve the poor & sick gradually morphs into amorphous corporation; Archbishop of Prague becoming de facto Grandmaster of the Order for a 150 years (15/ 1600s), using Red Star coffers to subsidize the bishops' lifestyle; Swiss founders of the Red Cross; Swiss General & army engineer Guillaume Henri Dufour; his service as Captain w/ Napoleon's forces; reception of the Legion d'Honneur; engineering suspension bridges & gas lights; his tutelage of Napoleon's nephew at a military academy (possible indication of Freemasonic connections); Dufour's parents living in exile from Switzerland at the time of his birth bc of their involvement in the Genevan Revolution of 1782; Dufour playing a major role in the transition from Old Swiss Confederacy to modern Swiss confederation thru his military campaign against the Catholic cantons (Sonderbund); the most famous of the Swiss founders—Henry Dunant; Calvinist upbringing; Dunant's v instructive involvement in founding the first YMCA in Switzerland; uncanny connections b/w the YMCA & the Red Cross, which dbls back to previous EPs on the Wall St. Putsch & W.D. Pelley; Business Plot organizer & American Legion financer Grayson MP Murphy serving as ARC commissioner in Europe; stray thoughts about the utility of these kinds of orgs for both espionage & colonial purposes; Dunant's colonial business venture in French-controlled Algeria; the Battle of Solferino, which he witnessed bc he was traveling to meet Napoleon III & secure land rights; likelihood that Dunant's business was at least super exploitative if not dependent on slave labor; his ouster from the Red Cross "Committee of Five" after Credit Genevois's bankruptcy, causing him to become embroiled in financial scandal; his probable embezzlement of RC funds, judging by the fact Moynier et al refused him awards monies that had initially been promised; after 25 years of poverty & obscurity, Dunant becomes the darling of Euro aristocrats & receives the VERY 1ST Nobel Peace Prize; bringing us to the instructive life of Alfred Nobel—Swedish chemist, arms trader, & industrial espionage agent; invention of dynamite; the 90 armaments factories he owned at the end of his life; accusations in French press that Nobel committed "high treason" & spied on a French inventor following his decision to sign a prod. contract for 100ks of kgs of the propellant "Ballistite" w/ the Italian gov't; all of which brings us back to the Red Cross's role in the perpetuation of warfare. Songs: | Death Grips - "Bitch Please" (had to for the Templar reference) | | Tyler, the Creator feat. Lil Wayne - "Hot Wind Blows" | | Nick Cave & the Bad Seeds - "Higgs Boson Blues" |
Welcome back to ParaPower Mapping. Subscribe to the PPM Patreon to access the full, unabridged version of this unhinged, topsy turvy time-jumping investigation into a possible Knights Templar - Hospitaller - Rosicrucian - Masonic - Red Cross society continuum: patreon.com/ParaPowerMapping "Speculative Swiss-mania (Pt. I)" includes discussions of the following: A secret history of the Red Cross; the possibility that Catholic military orders like the Knights Templar & Hospitaller served as the blueprint for the RC's Swiss founders; John D. Rockefeller's involvement in the ARC's founding in Dansville, NY; conspiracy theories that the Old Swiss Confederacy is rooted in a diaspora of Templar knights; a disclaimer about the apparent "Holy Blood Holy Grail", Priory of Sion, & Dan Brown influence on this idea; early unification of Swiss cantons occurring around the Templar inquisition & persecution; geographical proximity; Templars purportedly aiding Swiss countryfolk in combat the 1300s; the preemptive removal of the Templar treasure horde from Paris; the banking connection; overland Templar trade routes thru the Alps; Templar "letters of credit"; Templar symbols appearing in Swiss cantons & heraldry; the whole square flag thing (Swiss & Vatican); the Red Cross being the insignia of both the Templars & Hospitallers & an inversion of the Swiss flag; the Geneva Convention stipulation enforcing nurses to wear Red Cross armlets on the battlefield; the Conventions ratifying international neutrality for medical workers, field hospitals, & the wounded—essentially deciding the etiquette of modern warfare; Red Cross founder Henri Dunant & his Calvinist upbringing in Geneva; the Austro-Sardinian War & battle of Solferino; the Committee of Five; Red Cross founder & Swiss General Guillaume Henri-Dufour, who served under Napoleon & taught his nephew at a military academy; the "neutrality" angle, another indicator of potential Templar & Hospitaller influence on both Swiss history & the Red Cross; RC General Dufour presiding over the first Geneva Convention; Knights Hospitaller's express purpose of providing care to pilgrims & the wounded during Crusades; King Philip le Bel's betrayal of the Knights Templar in 1309; his effective assassination of Pope Boniface; the geopolitical games that informed the obliteration of the Templars, namely King Philip's attempts to weaken the Papacy & consolidate his power; his struggle for territory in Gascony w/ English King Edward, foreshadowing historical trends in British-French relations that we'll explore via the lens of French-Scottish Masonic ties & infighting b/w the aforementioned & British Masonry; King Philip's secret Scottish pact; Jacques de Molay's curse; Hellfire Club founder the Duke of Wharton's seminal role in founding the Grand Orient de France (Masonic); his Jacobitism & support of the "Old Pretender"; Wharton's rakish travels w/ a Calvinist tutor in Switzerland; the Masonic "Great Schism" in the late 1800s & the Lausanne Conference of 1875, where Swiss Masons were employed in mediating international Masonic deliberations focused on reframing the Scottish Rite & revising its charter; Switzerland's admittedly curious role as mediator on the world stage; Scottish & French Masons aiding the nascent US during the War of Independence; King Philip the Fair marrying his sister Margaret off to King Edward = the germ of the Hundred Years War; the first Estates-General being summoned during Philip's power struggle w/ Pope Boniface; Pope Boniface's abduction & the installation of Pope Clement leading to the abolition of the Knights Templar & the Templar Inquisition; etc. Songs: | Iron Maiden - "Montsegur" | | Pungent Stench - "Hidden Empire" |
Renaissance English History Podcast: A Show About the Tudors
A discussion on this crusading order, and how they changed in the 16th century - like everything else, the Reformation made a huge difference!Tudorcon tickets at https://www.englandcast.com/TudorconOnlineThanks for listening! Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.
GET MY FREE INSTANT POT COOKBOOK: https://www.chefaj.com/instant-pot-download ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ MY LATEST BESTSELLING BOOK: https://www.amazon.com/dp/1570674086?tag=onamzchefajsh-20&linkCode=ssc&creativeASIN=1570674086&asc_item-id=amzn1.ideas.1GNPDCAG4A86S ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Disclaimer: This podcast does not provide medical advice. The content of this podcast is provided for informational or educational purposes only. It is not intended to be a substitute for informed medical advice or care. You should not use this information to diagnose or treat any health issue without consulting your doctor. Always seek medical advice before making any lifestyle changes. Dr. Terry Shintani, MD, JD, MPH www.PeaceDiet.org Dr. Terry Shintani received his master's degree in nutrition at Harvard University and his Medical and Law degrees at the University of Hawaii. He is board certified in Preventive Medicine and is a former Professor and founder of the Dept of Complementary and Alternative Medicine Clinic at the University of Hawaii School of Medicine. He is also the Chair of the International Holistic Therapy Association, and Vice Chair of the Council of Elders of Traditional Hawaiian Healers. Dr. Shintani is best known for his Health Programs that reverse disease naturally. His Program has won the highest national award from the U.S. Secretary of Health. His Program has been effective at reducing or eliminating the need for medication in many of the common health problems afflicting most people such as chronic pain, arthritis, diabetes, high blood pressure, headaches, enlarged prostate, obesity, gastric reflux and inflammatory diseases including autoimmune diseases. He is becoming known as an influencer as his tiktok channel has had over 10 million hits in the last 3 months. You can get a couple of his free ebooks and Cancer lecture at www.PeaceDiet.org He has written 16 books including the Eat More, Weigh Less Diet, the Hawaii Diet, and the Peace Diet (available on Amazon). He has been featured in Newsweek, on CBS This Morning, ABC National Radio, CNN News and Dateline NBC, and his Program appears in the Encyclopedia Britannica. For his many contributions to humanity, he has been Knighted by the Knights Hospitaller of the Orthodox Order of St. John of Jerusalem, the oldest Christian healing order in the world,
Clowns, the occurrence of black and white, Edessa, Harran, Sabians of Harran, lunar worship/solar worship, the white and black cities, Knights Templar, Benedictions, Knights Hospitaller, Franciscans, Rosicrucians, Freemasons, Shriners, Royal Order of Jesters, Royal Antediluvian Order of Buffaloes, Sufism, clowns in Sufism, the Joker, clowns in pop culture, Pennywise, It, The Dark Tower series, Stephen King, the meta-fiction of Stephen King, The Dark Tower as hyperstition, "piercing the veil," AI, talking statues, talking heads, animatronics, Disney World, the Hat Man1st Musical Break (3:50): the White and the Black, secret societies & clowns, colorphobia, piercing the veil2nd musical break (32:00): Sufism, clowns in pop culture, the metafiction/hyperstition of Stephen King3rd musical break (1:05:20): AI, talking statues, extended intelligence, Disney World, the Hat ManMusic by Keith Allen Dennis:https://keithallendennis.bandcamp.com/Additional Music by Stone Breath:https://stonebreath.bandcamp.com/album/spear-of-flame-horse-of-air Get bonus content on Patreon Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.
From 1095 to 1291 CE, thousands and thousands of knights, peasants, nobles, soldiers, and more left Europe for the Holy Land around Jerusalem to take land and power away from Muslims, and into Christian hands. Pope Urban II issued a speech in 1095 calling Christian to take up arms and reclaim "Christian" lands. As incentive, he promised salvation for all who died fighting for what he said was God's will. But was it ever about God's will? Or was it about Pope Urban's will? Were the Crusades ever really about anything celestial? Or were they about man and power? Were they mostly about the Catholic Church struggling to consolidate power amongst European Christian monarchs and make sure Christian leaders knew who was really in charge? Holy War? Or power grab? Either way, the decree of Pope Urban set much of the western world on a path we are still following today nearly a full 1,000 years later. Wet Hot Bad Magic Summer Camp tickets are ON SALE! BadMagicMerch.com Get tour tickets at dancummins.tv Watch the Suck on YouTube: https://youtu.be/pnXcKKOcYakBad Magic Charity of the Month: Over the years, we have tried to donate back to our local community here in Coeur D Alene. This month, we have decided that in honor of Pride month, we are going to donate locally to the North Idaho Pride Alliance whose mission is to connect LGBTQIA+ people and allies to various community groups so they may create a more inclusive North Idaho through Networking, Educating and Advocating. To find out more, you can visit nipridealliance.comMerch: https://www.badmagicmerch.comDiscord! https://discord.gg/tqzH89vWant to join the Cult of the Curious private Facebook Group? Go directly to Facebook and search for "Cult of the Curious" in order to locate whatever happens to be our most current page :)For all merch related questions/problems: store@badmagicproductions.com (copy and paste)Please rate and subscribe on iTunes and elsewhere and follow the suck on social media!! @timesuckpodcast on IG and http://www.facebook.com/timesuckpodcastWanna become a Space Lizard? Click here: https://www.patreon.com/timesuckpodcastSign up through Patreon and for $5 a month you get to listen to the Secret Suck, which will drop Thursdays at Noon, PST. You'll also get 20% off of all regular Timesuck merch PLUS access to exclusive Space Lizard merch. You get to vote on two Monday topics each month via the app. And you get the download link for my new comedy album, Feel the Heat. Check the Patreon posts to find out how to download the new album and take advantage of other benefits
Dan McLaren was raised on Vancouver Island. He moved to Prince George in 1987. In 1995, after a successful career in commercial banking, Dan founded Commonwealth Financial. Dan has served on many corporate and philanthropic boards, including: BC Rail, Junior Achievement of BC, the BC Chamber of Commerce and is a Past President the BC & Yukon Junior Chamber of Commerce. He is the Founding President of the Rocky Mountain Rangers Regimental Association (PG Branch). He is also the Founding Chairman of the Commonwealth Cup, Northern BC's largest charity golf tournament. Dan has been awarded a Senatorship and Life Membership in Junior Chamber International. He is twice runner-up as Prince George's Business Person of the Year. He has been recognized by the insurance industry as a member of the Million Dollar Round Table and the Conference for Advanced Life Underwriters. In 2008, in recognition of his community service, he was knighted by the Sovereign Order of St. John of Jerusalem, Knights Hospitaller. In 2022, Dan was awarded the Queen's Jubilee Medallion. In 1986, Dan became a commissioned officer in the Canadian Armed Forces. Dan and his wife Roberta enjoy travelling and spending time at the lake. Roberta McLaren is a native to Prince George who has reaped the benefits of living in the North and has developed a strong passion for Northern Communities However, she feels it's the people that are so exceptional! From Haida Gwaii to Valemount, Fort Nelson to Williams Lake, Roberta has special memories from the tens of thousands of people and First Nations who she has had the pleasure to meet, support and work with. As a high-profile business leader, influencer, advocate, and ambassador, Roberta guides organizations to achieve growth, visibility, performance, and social impact. Roberta has a genuine passion for delivering a lasting impact on the region. She excels at forging strategic partnerships and building consensus amongst stakeholders. A strong business development professional with a Master of Business Administration (MBA) focused in Executive Management, Sustainability and Coaching. Roberta loves animals, outdoors, music and new adventures with her husband Dan. Learn more about Commonwealth Financial at https://www.mycommonwealth.ca/
In her novels, Nicola Cornick blends a modern perspective with a historical mystery and a paranormal connection between the two. The Winter Garden (Graydon House Books, 2022) revolves around the infamous Gunpowder Plot of 1605, known to every British schoolchild as the origin of Guy Fawkes Day, celebrated on November 5 with fireworks, bonfires, and bobbing for apples, among other things. In the contemporary portion of the novel, Lucy, an internationally renowned concert violinist, has suffered a health crisis that strips her of her ability to perform. Facing the death of her career, she takes the opportunity to recover at a rural English estate. There she experiences bizarre dreams in which she appears to inhabit the body of a Tudor-era woman named Catherine, even as she is increasingly pulled into a relationship with Finn, an archeologist working on the gardens of the estate. Alongside this modern story, we follow the events leading up to the Gunpowder Plot, told by Anne Catesby, the mother of the main conspirator. At first, past and present seem far apart, but as the novel progresses, the links between them become clearer. Anne and Lucy are both strong, determined women fighting circumstances beyond their control—for very different reasons—and they hold our attention to equal degree as they variously navigate the origins of the Gunpowder Plot, the fate of the Knights Hospitaller, and the discovery of a long-hidden treasure in a Tudor garden. Nicola Cornick, a historian raised in the north of England, has become an international and award-winning bestseller. She now writes dual-timeframe novels inspired by the history and legends of Wessex and the Vale of the White Horse. Her latest novel is The Winter Garden. C. P. Lesley is the author of two historical fiction series set during the childhood of Ivan the Terrible and three other novels. Her next novel, Song of the Storyteller, will appear in January 2023. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/new-books-network
In her novels, Nicola Cornick blends a modern perspective with a historical mystery and a paranormal connection between the two. The Winter Garden (Graydon House Books, 2022) revolves around the infamous Gunpowder Plot of 1605, known to every British schoolchild as the origin of Guy Fawkes Day, celebrated on November 5 with fireworks, bonfires, and bobbing for apples, among other things. In the contemporary portion of the novel, Lucy, an internationally renowned concert violinist, has suffered a health crisis that strips her of her ability to perform. Facing the death of her career, she takes the opportunity to recover at a rural English estate. There she experiences bizarre dreams in which she appears to inhabit the body of a Tudor-era woman named Catherine, even as she is increasingly pulled into a relationship with Finn, an archeologist working on the gardens of the estate. Alongside this modern story, we follow the events leading up to the Gunpowder Plot, told by Anne Catesby, the mother of the main conspirator. At first, past and present seem far apart, but as the novel progresses, the links between them become clearer. Anne and Lucy are both strong, determined women fighting circumstances beyond their control—for very different reasons—and they hold our attention to equal degree as they variously navigate the origins of the Gunpowder Plot, the fate of the Knights Hospitaller, and the discovery of a long-hidden treasure in a Tudor garden. Nicola Cornick, a historian raised in the north of England, has become an international and award-winning bestseller. She now writes dual-timeframe novels inspired by the history and legends of Wessex and the Vale of the White Horse. Her latest novel is The Winter Garden. C. P. Lesley is the author of two historical fiction series set during the childhood of Ivan the Terrible and three other novels. Her next novel, Song of the Storyteller, will appear in January 2023. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/literature
In her novels, Nicola Cornick blends a modern perspective with a historical mystery and a paranormal connection between the two. The Winter Garden (Graydon House Books, 2022) revolves around the infamous Gunpowder Plot of 1605, known to every British schoolchild as the origin of Guy Fawkes Day, celebrated on November 5 with fireworks, bonfires, and bobbing for apples, among other things. In the contemporary portion of the novel, Lucy, an internationally renowned concert violinist, has suffered a health crisis that strips her of her ability to perform. Facing the death of her career, she takes the opportunity to recover at a rural English estate. There she experiences bizarre dreams in which she appears to inhabit the body of a Tudor-era woman named Catherine, even as she is increasingly pulled into a relationship with Finn, an archeologist working on the gardens of the estate. Alongside this modern story, we follow the events leading up to the Gunpowder Plot, told by Anne Catesby, the mother of the main conspirator. At first, past and present seem far apart, but as the novel progresses, the links between them become clearer. Anne and Lucy are both strong, determined women fighting circumstances beyond their control—for very different reasons—and they hold our attention to equal degree as they variously navigate the origins of the Gunpowder Plot, the fate of the Knights Hospitaller, and the discovery of a long-hidden treasure in a Tudor garden. Nicola Cornick, a historian raised in the north of England, has become an international and award-winning bestseller. She now writes dual-timeframe novels inspired by the history and legends of Wessex and the Vale of the White Horse. Her latest novel is The Winter Garden. C. P. Lesley is the author of two historical fiction series set during the childhood of Ivan the Terrible and three other novels. Her next novel, Song of the Storyteller, will appear in January 2023. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/historical-fiction
Nativity with St. Francis and St. Lawrence considered a 17th century masterpiece, created by Italian painter Caravaggio in 1609. Nativity has been missing since it was nicked by thieves in Palermo in 1969. No one for sure knows who stole it, or why they stole it, but what might have become of it has sparked dozens of tales. One prominent theory is that it was stolen by the mafia – and, quite possibly, eaten by pigs.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.
Welcome to The Nonlinear Library, where we use Text-to-Speech software to convert the best writing from the Rationalist and EA communities into audio. This is: The sense of a start, published by Gavin on September 28, 2022 on The Effective Altruism Forum. Some attempts to feel the size of the future: ChronoZoom: [woosh] Will Macaskill: Imagine living, in order of birth, through the life of every human being who has ever lived... Your life lasts for almost four trillion years in total. For a tenth of that time, you're a hunter-gatherer, and for 60 percent you're an agriculturalist. You spend a full 20 percent of your life raising children, a further 20 percent farming, and almost 2 percent taking part in religious rituals. For over 1 percent of your life you are afflicted with malaria or smallpox. You spend 1.5 billion years having sex and 250 million giving birth. You drink forty-four trillion cups of coffee. As a colonizer, you invade new lands; as the colonized, you suffer your lands taken from you. You feel the rage of the abuser and the pain of the abused. For about 10 percent of your life you are a slaveholder; for about the same length of time, you are enslaved. But now imagine that you live all future lives, too. Your life, we hope, would be just beginning. Even if humanity lasts only as long as the typical mammalian species (one million years), and even if the world population falls to a tenth of its current size, 99.5 percent of your life would still be ahead of you. On the scale of a typical human life, you in the present would be just five months old. And if humanity survived longer than a typical mammalian species—for the hundreds of millions of years remaining until the earth is no longer habitable, or the tens of trillions remaining until the last stars burn out — your four trillion years of life would be like the first blinking seconds out of the womb. Carl Sagan: If history were a football field, all of human history would occupy an area the size of my hand. Bryan Magee: There are always some human beings who live to be a hundred. More do so today than ever before, but there have always been some... It comes as a shock to realise that the whole of civilisation has occurred within the successive lifetimes of sixty people -- which is the number of friends I squeeze into my living room when I have a drinks party. Twenty people take us back to Jesus, twenty-one to Julius Caesar. Samuel Arbesman: "Me (b. 1981) Harold C. Urey, American chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1893) Lucius Quintus Cincinnatus Lamar, U.S. Supreme Court justice (b. 1825) William Waldegrave, 1st Baron Radstock, Governor of Newfoundland (b. 1753) George Berkeley, Irish philosopher (b. 1685) King Charles II of England, Scotland and Ireland (b. 1630) Johannes Kepler, German astronomer (b. 1571) Shimazu Takahisa, Japanese samurai and warlord (b. 1514) Donato Bramante, Italian architect (b. 1444) Leonardo Bruni, Italian humanist (b. 1374) Petrarch, Italian poet (b. 1304) Emperor Go-Fukakusa of Japan (b. 1243) Hubert de Burgh, 1st Earl of Kent (b. circa 1160) Eric Jedvardsson, king of Sweden since 1156 (b. c. 1120) Gerard Thom (The Blessed Gerard), founder of the Knights Hospitaller (b. c. 1040) King Duncan I of Scotland (b. 1001)" Andri Snær Magnason: 262 years. That's the length of time you connect across. You'll know the people who span this time. Your time is the time of the people you know and love, the time that molds you, and your time is the time of the people you will know and love, the time that you will shape. You can touch 262 years with your bare hands. Your great grandma taught you, you will teach your great granddaughter, you can have a direct impact on the future right up to the year 2186. Sydney Trent: The whipping post. The lynching tree. The wagon wheel. They were the stories of slavery, an inheritance of fear and dread, passed down from father to son. The boy, barely 5, would listen, awed, as his father spoke of life in Virgini...
‘Nothing is better known than the Siege of Malta.' Voltaire wrote these words after the epic battle of that name- also called “The Great Siege”- in 1565 A.D. The fierce, brutal showdown on a tiny fortified island in the Mediterranean saw Christian knights of the Holy Order of Saint John defeat what was the most powerful military in the world at the time, the Ottoman Empire. The Siege of Malta turned back the Islamic Jihad, and prevented Ottoman plans to use the island as a stepping stone for invasion of Italy and the conquest of the Vatican itself. Among the heroes of The Great Siege is a largely forgotten to history French Noble- a member of the Knights of Saint John (also known as the Knights Hospitaller), named Mathurin Romegas. He was a warrior monk and skilled pirate against the “infidel Turk,” all in the name of Christendom. As the first of a three part series, this episode will lay out the Mediterranean world leading up to the great siege and focus in on the tale of Romegas, one of the great military heroes of the battles of cross and crescent in the 15th century. Follow Clay & Buck on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/c/clayandbuckSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.
‘Nothing is better known than the Siege of Malta.' Voltaire wrote these words after the epic battle of that name- also called “The Great Siege”- in 1565 A.D. The fierce, brutal showdown on a tiny fortified island in the Mediterranean saw Christian knights of the Holy Order of Saint John defeat what was the most powerful military in the world at the time, the Ottoman Empire. The Siege of Malta turned back the Islamic Jihad, and prevented Ottoman plans to use the island as a stepping stone for invasion of Italy and the conquest of the Vatican itself. Among the heroes of The Great Siege is a largely forgotten to history French Noble- a member of the Knights of Saint John (also known as the Knights Hospitaller), named Mathurin Romegas. He was a warrior monk and skilled pirate against the “infidel Turk,” all in the name of Christendom. As the first of a three part series, this episode will lay out the Mediterranean world leading up to the great siege and focus in on the tale of Romegas, one of the great military heroes of the battles of cross and crescent in the 15th century. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.
Today inHistory July 26, 2022Author：Aoran Li the STORYTELLEROn 26 July 1139, Afonso I becamea kingJuly 25 wasAfonso I's birthday, while today in 1139 was the day Afonso I became a king.I believe thatfor Afonso I, everyone should have a preliminary understanding. He was thefirst king of Portugal after independence and one of the longest-reigningrulers in Europe.Afonso I, who wasnow in his infancy, had two major problems to solve: his mother Teresa, whowanted to fight for his inheritance, and the Moors outside his domain.Although Teresa'sbehavior caused many people to be dissatisfied, due to her excessive power, thenobles thought of various ways to no avail. In the end, it was Afonso who wasclever and resourceful, because he was an adult, so he expelled his mother andher lover as a feudal lord (Afonso had not yet been king at the time). At thistime, his mother's ally Alfonso VII, King León, was still on the throne, whichwas also a big trouble. So Afonso and his cousin sent troops to fight and beatAlfonso VII's army to the ground! Alfonso VII never dared to harass Portugalagain, and later tried to reconcile with Afonso and recognize his status asking, which was exchanged for a period of stability.Internal worrieswere solved, and there was an external problem - the Moors. The Moors harassedthe Portuguese borders for a long time, which made Afonso I worried. When thesize of his army reached a certain level, Afonso I led an army to defeat theMoors. In the time that followed, Afonso I's struggles with the Moors tookplace frequently, but the Moors were clearly much more restrained than before,creating only minor frictions and never again producing a major rebellion.Now, all internaland external troubles have been solved. Afonso I then became king on July 26,1139 and proclaimed the independence of Portugal. But his position was notsecure, so he took some measures. Pope Innocent II was first recruited, and theOrder of the Knights Templar and Knights Hospitaller were placed in Portugal.As a result, his throne seemed to have been consolidated, but it was not until1179, when he was 70 years old, that Pope Alexander III recognized his throne.Afonso I openedup the territory of Portugal and was the founding king of Portugal, so peoplecalled himo Conquistador.
In this special episode I'm joined by Professor Emanuel Buttigieg from The University Of Malta!The Professor shares with me the fascinating story of The Siege Of Candia that took place over a whopping 21 years starting in 1648.The siege pitted The Knights Hospitaller against their old rivals, The Ottoman Empire. Professor Buttigieg brings the story to life with vivid storytelling and primary sources.If you liked our series on The Great Siege Of Malta, this is one for you!Click here to watch this episode on YouTube.Instagram for extra content related to this episode! (https://www.instagram.com/anthologyofheroes/)Help support the show on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/anthologyofheroesCheck Out Campfire Tales Podcast See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.
https://www.dwtruthwarrior.com/#/Get Ascent Nutrition's Pine PollenUse coupon code: FKNhttps://goascentnutrition.com/product/canadian-pine-pollen-tincture/Make a Donation to Forbidden Knowledge News http://supportfkn.comhttps://www.paypal.me/forbiddenknowledgeneThe Forbidden Knowledge Network https://forbiddenknowledge.news/Sign up on Rokfin!https://rokfin.com/fknplusSign up on Minds.com!https://www.minds.com/forbiddenknowledgenewsThe FKN Store!https://www.fknstore.net/Get your Fake Maskhttp://fakemask.shopGet a reading from October theancientgift222@gmail.comGet an orgone generator from Karen Holton!https://www.karenholtonhealthcoach.com/product-category/zen-domes-orgonite/#c60 #c60purplepower #Carbon60Take back control of your health and begin your C60 Purple Power Journey today! Receive 10% off your order, plus free shipping in the US when you order your C60 at https://go.c60purplepower.com/knowledge10/ or use coupon code knowledge10Get Prepared with My Patriot Supply. http://www.preparewithfkn.com/Hero Soap Company https://hero-soap-company.myshopify.com/discount/ForbiddenForbidden Knowledge News on Odysee https://odysee.com/@forbiddenknowledgenews:dOur Facebook pageshttps://www.facebook.com/forbiddenknowledgenewsconspiracy/https://www.facebook.com/FKNNetwork/Instagram @forbiddenknowledgenews1Twitterhttps://twitter.com/ForbiddenKnow10?t=7qMVcdKGyWH_QiyTTYsG8Q&s=09
Thanks for tuning in! Here's what we covered on today's episode: -An overview of the Crusades. What were the justifications? -Prelude to the Crusades and east/west tension -1st Crusade -The other 7 Crusades -Populist Crusades -Crusades outside of the Holy Land -Aftermath of the Crusades -Historical and popular evaluations -Our evaluations. Should there be a 9th Crusade?OUR LINKS: Youtube https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCdbFhm9IZVGNNs2V3bQ6htABitChute https://www.bitchute.com/channel/T667GMQsjJyw/Twitter @sonsofantiquityGab @sonsofantiquityGETTR @SonsofAntiquityEmail sonsofantiquitypodcast@gmail.comFacebook Sons of AntiquityApple Podcasts Sons of AntiquitySpotify Sons of AntiquitySOURCES: https://courses.lumenlearning.com/atd-herkimer-westerncivilization/chapter/the-first-crusade/ John 15:13 (KJV) Tyerman, Christopher. Fighting for Christendom. Oxford University Press, USA, 2004. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shepherds%27_Crusade https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knights_Templar https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knights_Hospitaller https://www.history.com/topics/middle-ages/crusades https://www.britannica.com/summary/Crusades
1522: Suliman the Magnificent comes to finish what his great grandfather left undone in his war with the Knights Hospitaller on Rhodes Song: Dream Thief by Phineas- The Fire Itself www.warandconquest.comwarandconquestpcast@gmail.comhttps://www.youtube.com/channel/UCdUOD52RBg1BBm_zndE-DdAhttps://www.patreon.com/warandconquesthttps://www.facebook.com/warandconquestpcast https://www.instagram.com/warandconquestpcast/https://twitter.com/warandconquest1Venmo: @Warand Conquesthttps://www.twitch.tv/theproslayer7
The Knights Hospitaller, also known as the Order of St John, were an early Catholic military order with a massive influence on the Maltese islands. The Knights are part and parcel of Malta's history, and their strong mark can still be seen and felt today. "Who Really Controls the World" by Dr. Mujahid Kamran, New Day magazine. Please visit thefacthunter.com
1480-1522: The Knights Hospitaller, led by their Grand Master Pierre D' Aubusson use the popularity of their victory and some lucky breaks to rebuild their shattered citadel for the next Ottoman attackSong: Left for Dead by Memphis May Firewww.warandconquest.comwarandconquestpcast@gmail.comhttps://www.youtube.com/channel/UCdUOD52RBg1BBm_zndE-DdAhttps://www.patreon.com/warandconquesthttps://www.facebook.com/warandconquestpcast https://www.instagram.com/warandconquestpcast/https://twitter.com/warandconquest1Venmo: @Warand Conquesthttps://www.twitch.tv/theproslayer7
1480: The Knights Hospitaller brace for the greatest siege the Order has ever faced to defend their home island of Rhodes Song: Black Smoke by Breakdown of Sanity- Singlewww.warandconquest.comwarandconquestpcast@gmail.comhttps://www.youtube.com/channel/UCdUOD52RBg1BBm_zndE-DdAhttps://www.patreon.com/warandconquesthttps://www.facebook.com/warandconquestpcast https://www.instagram.com/warandconquestpcast/https://twitter.com/warandconquest1Venmo: @Warand Conquesthttps://www.twitch.tv/theproslayer7
1306-1309: Despite being "given" the island of Rhodes by the Pope, the local Greeks make the Knights Hospitaller take the island by guile and force Song: To Believe by Trivium- Vengeance Falls www.warandconquest.comwarandconquestpcast@gmail.comhttps://www.youtube.com/channel/UCdUOD52RBg1BBm_zndE-DdAhttps://www.patreon.com/warandconquesthttps://www.facebook.com/warandconquestpcast https://www.instagram.com/warandconquestpcast/https://twitter.com/warandconquest1Venmo: @Warand Conquesthttps://www.twitch.tv/theproslayer7
1097-1291: A brief introduction to the Knights Hospitaller, their mission and expulsion from the Holy Land Song: Crusades by August Burns Red- Constellations www.warandconquest.comwarandconquestpcast@gmail.comhttps://www.youtube.com/channel/UCdUOD52RBg1BBm_zndE-DdAhttps://www.patreon.com/warandconquesthttps://www.facebook.com/warandconquestpcast https://www.instagram.com/warandconquestpcast/https://twitter.com/warandconquest1Venmo: @Warand Conquesthttps://www.twitch.tv/theproslayer7
“Ket Buqa Noyan kept attacking left and right with all zeal. Some encouraged him to flee, but he refused to listen and said, “Death is inevitable. It is better to die with a good name than to flee in disgrace. In the end, someone from this army, old or young, will reach the court and report that Ket Buqa, not wanting to return in shame, gave his life in battle. The padishah should not grieve over lost Mongol soldiers. Let him imagine that his soldiers' wives have not been pregnant for a year and the mares of their herds have not folded. [...]The life or death of servants like us is irrelevant.” Although the soldiers left him, he continued to struggle in battle like a thousand men. In the end his horse faltered, and he was captured. [...] After that, Ket Buqa was taken before Quduz with his hands bound. “Despicable man,” said Quduz, “you have shed so much blood wrongfully, ended the lives of champions and dignitaries with false assurances, and overthrown ancient dynasties with broken promises. Now you have finally fallen into a snare yourself.”[...] “If I am killed by your hand,” said Ket Buqa, “I consider it to be God's act, not yours. Be not deceived by this event for one moment, for when the news of my death reaches Hülägü Khan, the ocean of his wrath will boil over, and from Azerbaijan to the gates of Egypt will quake with the hooves of Mongol horses. They will take the sands of Egypt from there in their horses' nose bags. Hülägü Khan has three hundred thousand renowned horsemen like Ket Buqa. You may take one of them away.” So the great Ilkhanid vizier and historian Rashid al-Din records the heroic, and certainly greatly dramatized, account of Kitbuqa Noyan's final stand at the battle of Ayn Jalut in September 1260. This was the famous Mongol defeat at the newly established, and rather fragile, Mamluk Sultanate of Egypt. The Mongols however, did not see it as an irreversible cataclysm, but the defeat of a small force which would soon be avenged, for Heaven demanded nothing less. The defeat of the Mongols at Ayn Jalut in 1260 was not the end of the war between the Mongols and the Mamluks, and over the next 50 years Hulegu's successors, the Ilkhans, tried repeatedly to avenge their losses only to be halted by the Mamluks' valiant resistance. Here, we will look at the efforts by the Mongol Ilkhanate to bring their horses to the Nile. I'm your host David, and this is Kings and Generals: Ages of Conquest. First, we should note that for anyone wishing to read more about the war between the Mongols and the Mamluks, the most detailed work on the subject can be found in Reuven Amitai-Preiss' Mongols and Mamluks: The Mamluk-Ilkhanid War, released in 1995. No other work details the entire conflict and its sources so fully, and is an absolute must read for anyone desiring the most effective overview on the subject possible. With the death of Grand Khan Mongke in 1259, the Mongol Empire was irrevocably broken: while Hulegu and his successors stayed on good terms with his brother Khubilai, the nominal Great Khan, Hulegu was independent, ruler of vast domain stretching from Anatolia to the Amu Darya, known as the Ilkhanate. Hulegu's cousins in the neighbouring Golden Horde, Chagatai Khanate and the Neguderis were almost immediately antagonistic to the Ilkhans, who found themselves defending their distant frontiers from all three, in addition to internal revolts. For the Ilkhans, the Mamluks were but one frontier amongst several, one they could turn to only when the threat from the other Khanates was low. More often than not, this simple fact prevented any great Ilkhanid invasion of the Mamluk state. For the Mamluks though, their border with the Ilkhanate along the Euphrates river was of utmost importance. In the aftermath of Ayn Jalut, the Mamluk Sultan Qutuz was assassinated by the energetic Baybars, who had fought alongside Qutuz against Kitbuqa. We introduced Baybars back in episode 30 of this podcast. While much credit can be given to Qutuz and the quality of the Mamluk soldiery for the victory at Ayn Jalut, the reason for continued Mamluk successes against the Mongols can be attributed to Baybars. A Qipchaq from the great Eurasian steppe, as a young boy Baybars had been sold into slavery to the Ayybuid Sultan of Egypt. There, Baybars was converted to Islam and received extensive training in all matter of military affairs. An excellent soldier, coupled with immense ambition, endurance and drive, Baybars understood clearly the danger the Mongols posed, and set up his entire kingdom to defend against them. The new Sultan greatly expanded the Mamluk regiments, encouraging good relations with the Golden Horde, Genoese and Byzantine Empire to keep up the flow of Turkic slave soldiers from the Eurasian steppe, over the Mediterranean to the ports of Egypt. He established a sophisticated intelligence network to inform him on the Ilkhanate and spread misinformation within it, supported by a system of signal towers, messenger pigeons, improved roads, bridges and relay stations to rapidly send messages. This was the barid, which served as the Mamluks' answer to the Mongol yam system. Its riders reported directly to the Mamluk Sultan. Frontier fortifications along the Euphrates River like al-Bira and al-Rahba were strengthened, and they served as the first line of defence when the armies of the Ilkhanate advanced. When messengers raced down from Syria to Egypt with news of a Mongol assault, Baybars would immediately march with an army from Cairo to meet them head on. More often than not, the Mongol attack party would return to the Ilkhanate rather than face Baybars head on. His swift reaction kept border officials loyal, feeling their Sultan would soon be there to assist them, or to punish defections. Rather than face the Mongols in battle, garrisons of cities in Syria past the Euphrates border were ordered to withdraw and regrouped at designated locations during invasions, facing the Mongols with united forces or awaiting the Sultan. Baybars would not allow the Mongols to overrun his empire piecemeal, as they had the Khwarezmian Empire some forty years prior. Baybars cultivated relations with bedouin nomads across Syria, who provided valuable auxiliaries, intelligence and also to keep them from allying with the Mongols. Finally, he strengthed his position domestically, controlling the economy and appointing his own Caliphs to legitimize himself, presenting himself as the defender of Islam. Baybars prepared his entire kingdom for Mongol attacks, a highly effective system the Ilkhanate struggled against. For the Ilkhans, the theater with the Mamluks was a sideshow, one to attack only when other frontiers were secured. The Mamluk Sultanate itself had no hope of conquering the Ilkhanate or seriously threatening it, so the various Ilkhans felt no great rush to overwhelm the Mamluks. In contrast, for the Mamluks the Ilkhanid border was of utmost importance: Baybars had to levy almost entirety of the Mamluk army to repel the Mongols, and thus not even a single defeat could be afforded for it would allow the Mongols to overrun Egypt, and the remainder of the Islamic west. Thus did Baybars finetune a system that proved remarkably successful at defending against the house of Hulegu, although it demanded great personal ability on the part of the monarch, and Baybars' successors struggled to compare to his vision. Soon after Ayn Jalut in September 1260, a Mongol force of about 6,000 returned to Syria that December. Commanded by Baydar, an officer of Kitbuqa who had escaped Qutuz and Baybars' great advance earlier that year, it was a serious threat. At that time Sultan Baybars had not tightened his hold over Syria, attacks by the Crusader states had wrought further confusion, and some of Qutuz's loyalists had rebelled against Baybars' rule, one of whom even declared himself sultan. There is implication in the Mamluk sources that the attack was not launched on Hulegu's order, but Baydar's own initiative to avenge Kitbuqa. As his army marched, they found that the garrisons of Syria had retreated before them. Placing a governor in Aleppo and other major cities, as the Mongols neared Homs they found the combined garrisons of Homs, Hama and Aleppo had retreated there and rallied before them. Greatly outnumbering the Syrian forces, perhaps 6,000 troops under Baydar to 1,400 under the Syrians, Baydar was ultimately defeated in battle, the Syrians aided by thick fog and the timely flanking of local Bedouin. Coincidentally, it was fought near the grave of Khalid ibn al-Walid, the great commander of the early Islamic conquests and victor at Yarmouk, which earned it double the symbolic value. This first battle of Homs, as it was to become known, strengthened the feeling that the Mongols were not invincible. The Mongol army outnumbered the Mamluk garrisons, and keenly demonstrated the importance of unified defense rather than each garrison hiding behind city walls. For many Mamluk writers, it was the first battle of Homs that stood as the great victory over the Mongols, rather than Ayn Jalut. It was also the last major Mongol offensive into Syria in the 1260s. Hulegu spent the next years fighting with Berke Khan of the Golden Horde over the valuable territory of Azerbaijan, which Berke believed belonged to the house of Jochi. With Hulegu's death in February 1265, he was succeeded by his son Abaqa, who was distracted by Jochid attacks and the efforts of setting up a new empire. By then, the most entrenched Sultan Baybars could solidify his defences, and turn to the isolated Crusader strongholds. By this time, little remained of the former Crusader Kingdoms, baring some coastal cities like Antioch, Tripoli and Acre and a few inland fortresses like Krak des Chevaliers and Montfort. The Crusader States had shown neutrality to the Mongols, or even joined them such as the County of Tripoli in 1260 after the Mongols entered Syria. Their neutrality or allegiance to the Mongols, in addition to the possibility of them acting as a foothold to further European troops, meant that the Mamluks would unleash bloody vengeance on them whenever the opportunity arose. From February to April 1265 in the immediate aftermath of Hulegu's death, Baybars conquered Caesarea, Haifa, Arsuf, Galilee and raided Cilician Armenia, the vassals of the Ilkhanate. In 1268 Baybars took Antioch, and in 1270-71 when Abaqa was fighting with Chagatayid and Neguderi armies in the far east, Baybars took the fortresses of Krak des Chevaliers and Montfort, and planned to attack Tripoli, another Ilkhanid vassal. Though it remains popular in some circles to portray the Mamluk conquest of the Crusader holdouts as titanic clashes, they were side affairs, undertaken by the Mamluks whenever the Ilkhans were occupied. Such was the slow and humiliating coup de grace which ended the Crusader states. The Mamluks' ending of the Crusader kingdoms certainly served them strategically, for it was the most effective way to prevent any link up between European and Mongol forces. Hulegu and his successors sent letters to the Kings and Popes of Europe, encouraging them to take up crusade against the Mamluks and together defeat them, offering to return Jerusalem and other holy sites back into Christian hands, but this almost always fell on deaf ears or were greeted with empty promises. Louis IX's highly organized crusades had resulted in utter debacles at Mansura in 1250 and Tunis in 1270, which dampened whatever minor enthusiasm for crusade was left in Europe. Few European monarchs ever seriously took up Mongol offers at military alliances, with two exceptions. King James I of Aragon found himself the most motivated by the Il-Khan Abaqa's requests, encouraged by the promises of the Ilkhanate's logistical and military support once they reached the mainland. James made his preparations, and launched a fleet in September 1269. An unexpected storm scattered the fleet, and only two of James' bastard children made it to Acre, who stayed only briefly, accomplishing little there before departing. This was soon followed by the arrival of prince Edward of England, the future King Edward I, at Acre in May 1271 with a small force, and Abaqa sent an army under Samaghar, the Mongol commander in Rum, to assist him: but Samaghar's force withdrew with the arrival of Baybars. Edward's troops performed poorly on their own minor raids, and set sail for England in September 1272. One of the commanders who took part in Samaghar's raid was Mu'in al-Din Sulaiman, better known as the Pervane, from sahib pervana, the keeper of the seals, though it literally means “butterfly.” The Pervane was the dominant figure of the rump state of the Seljuqs of Rum: when the previous Mongol installed Seljuq Sultan, Kilij Arlan IV, had challenged the Pervane, he succeeded in getting Abaqa to execute the Sultan and instate Arslan's young son, a toddler enthroned as Ghiyath al-Din Kaykhusraw III. Thus did the Pervane, in coordination with Samaghar Noyan, act as the master of Anatolia. Essentially co-governors, Samaghar and the Pervane had a stable relationship, enriching themselves along the way. But when Abaqa appointed his younger brother Ejei to oversee the Pervana and Samaghar. The Pervane chafed under the increased financial burden and supervision, and asked Abaqa to recall his brother, claiming Ejei was in cooperation with Baybars. Abaqa promised to recall him, but delayed. In his frustration, the Pervane himself reached out to Baybars. The Sultan's curiosity was piqued, but didn't commit; by the time his response reached the Pervane in 1274, Ejei and Samaghar had been replaced by Toqa Noyan, and the Pervane didn't respond. Under Toqa Noyan, Mongol pressure was even greater in Anatolia, and the Pervane's powers were more limited than ever. What followed was a terrible mess of political machinations. The Pervane got Toqa Noyan removed, Ejei was reinstated, the Pervane's efforts to remove Ejei again frustrated Abaqa, who removed Ejei, killed some of his followers and reinstated the Pervane and Toqa Noyan. In November 1275, the Mongols besieged al-Bira, but Baybars had learned of it in advance allegedly due to contacts with the Pervane. After this, the Pervane was careful to rebuild trust with Abaqa, bringing him the Seljuq Sultan's sister to wed. At the same time, with or without the Pervane's support a group of Rumi amirs met with Baybars in July 1276, urging him to attack. Judging there was enough support in Rum for him he agreed, and Baybars mobilized his army over winter 1276, setting out in February 1277. As Baybars sped up the Levantine coast, the Pervane rapidly lost control of Rum as various Turkmen rebelled and a new Mongol army under Tudawan cracked down on the amirs who had contacted Baybars. In Syria, Baybars sent a diversionary force from Aleppo over the Euphrates, while his main army entered Anatolia in early April. After pushing off a Mongol advance force of 3,000 in the Taurus Mountains, news reaches Baybars that Tudawun was camped close by on a plain near the town of Abulustayn (Elbistan) and set out for them, the armies meeting on the 15th of April 1277. Tudawan's army was about 14,000 Mongols, Turk and heavily armoured Georgian cavalry was joined by an army of Rumi troops similar size under the Pervane, but Tudawan distrusted them, and kept them away from his lines. Tudawan's scouts had failed to judge the size of the Mamluk army, which he believed to be smaller and lacking Baybars. In reality, the Mamluks outnumbered the Mongols by a few thousand. As the Mamluks entered the plain at the narrow end they were unable to properly form up, and their centre was positioned before their left wing. The Mongol left flank began the battle, sending arrows into the Mamluk standard bearers in the centre before charging them. The Mamluk centre buckled under the charge, and the more exposed Mamluk left wing was similarly pounded by the Mongol right. The situation was critical for the Mamluks: likely at this stage, their bedouin irregulars fled. Baybars sent in his reserve, the garrison of Hama, to reinforce his left, and succeeded in forcing back the Mongols. A brief respite allowed the Mamluks to better deploy their lines, and counterattack. The Mongols fought fiercely, but the greater number of the Mamluks made the difference. Gradually forced back over the course of the day, their horses exhausted and unable to access remounts, the Mongols dismounted, signalling they were fighting to the death. With great struggle, the Mamluks defeated them and killed their commanders. The Rumi army took little part in the battle and dispersed, the Pervane escaping, with one of his sons captured by Baybars. The next day the Mamluk Sultan marched for Kayseri, reaching it on April 20th. Baybars ordered the Pervane and the Seljuq Sultan to him, but the Pervane held out in his own castle. Both realized that Baybars would not be able to hold this position, deep in enemy territory, supplies low and the rest of his kingdom unprotected while a furious Abaqa rallied his army. 5 days after entering Kayseri, Baybars was en route back to Syria and though his vanguard deserted to the Mongols, by June he was in Damascus. Abaqa arrived in Rum too late to catch Baybars, and in his fury was only narrowly persuaded out of massacring everything between Kayseri and Erzerum, while the summer heat kept him from invading Syria. He was able to catch the Pervane though, and put him to death: allegedly, his flesh was eaten by Abaqa and the senior Mongols. Thus ended one of Baybars' most skillfully executed campaigns: lightning quick and devastating, creating a terrible mess for the Ilkhanate, though in itself brought no strategic gain or shift in the status quo. It was a great shock when the Lion of Egypt suddenly died at the beginning of July 1277 soon after his return. Baybars had hoped to establish a dynasty: he was seamlessly succeeded by his older son, named al-Sa'id Berke. The new Sultan quickly antagonized the Mamluk emirs through his efforts to limit their powers, and was forced to abdicate in favour of his younger brother, the 7 year old Sulamish. The boy was nothing but a puppet, and his guardian, one of the late Baybars' Mamluks named Qalawun, soon forced the boy out and took power himself in November 1279. Like Berke, Qalawun had been taken from the Qipchap steppe and sold as a Mamluk. He had loyally served Baybars and proven himself an able commander, though something of a schemer. Though Qalawun's line came to dominate the Mamluk Sultanate for essentially the next century, initially Qalawun faced stiff opposition in attempting to assert his authority. This disruption in the Sultanate was a golden opportunity for Abaqa, who decided it was time to press the Mamluk frontier. To this, he decided to put his younger brother Mongke-Temur to the task. Prince Mongke-Temur first raided Syria in November 1280 with King Lewon III of Armenian Cilicia, Bohemond VII of Tripoli and a contingent of Knights Hospitaller. In September 1281, Mongke-Temur returned again, a large force of perhaps 40-50,000 Mongols, Armenians under Lewon III, Georgians, Franks and troops from Seljuq Rum. Abaqa initially followed with another army, but may have been forced to hold due to rumours of an attack by the Golden Horde at Derbent. The Mongol invasion provided a common enemy to unite the Mamluk factions fighting for power, and under Qalawun they advanced, reinforced by Syrian garrisons and bedouins. They reached Homs a few days before the Mongols in late October, giving Qalawun's troops a chance to dig in and rest on the plain north of the city. Their preparations were improved as a Mongol defector informed them of Mongke-Temur's battle plan. Most of the Mongol army was to be placed in the center with the right wing also strong, intending to overpower the Mamluk left and centre where the Sultan's banners would be. Qalawun thus reinforced his left wing, and positioned himself on a hill behind the vanguard to oversee the battle and act as reserve. Marching through the night, the Mongols arrived early on the 29th of October, 1281. It was a massive front, over 24 kilometres in length due to the size of both armies. The wings of both forces, so far apart, had little knowledge of what was occurring on the other side. While tired from the night march, the Mongols were eager: the battle was initiated when the Mongol right under Alinaq charged forth. The Mamluk left and part of their centre crumpled and routed under the onslaught. Alinaq continued his pursuit, and here Mongke-Temur's inexperience and the scale of the battlefield began to tell. Proper communication with the command seemingly absent, Alinaq pursued the fleeing Mamluks off the battlefield, as far as the Lake of Homs where they dismounted to rest, evidently anticipating the rest of the army would soon arrive. A similar charge by the Mongol left wing lacked the numbers of the Mongol right, so the Mamluk right and centre were able to hold and counterattack. Qalawun's actual role in this counterattack isn't clear: some sources have him personally lead the attack, while in others he kept his position hidden, not even raising his banners so as to avoid Mongol arrows. The Mamluks pushed back the Mongol right and the bedouin came around to hit the Mongol flank. The Mongol right fell back to the centre, which under Mongke-Temur was being held in reserve. In the resulting confusion, perhaps thrown by his horse, Mongke-Temur was injured and unable to command. Most of the Mongols then dismounted to make a final stand around the prince, and ultimately routed under the Mamluk assault. The Mamluks chased the fleeing Mongols right to the border with the Ilkhanate, many drowning in the Euphrates or dying in the desert: so deadly was this rout that Mamluk authors said more Mongols were killed in flight than in the actual battle. Qalawun and a small guard remained on the battlefield: they were forced to hide their banners and stay silent when the Mongol right wing finally returned to the battlefield, too late to turn the tide. It seems it was able to take an orderly retreat back into the Ilkhanate. Abaqa was furious at this loss, and intended to return the next year, but died in April 1282. As we have covered in our previous episodes, Abaqa's successors were not blessed with his same longevity or stability, and until 1295 the Ilkhanate saw a succession of short lived monarchs and infighting, internal revolts and renewed attacks by the Golden Horde. Though the succeeding Ilkhans continued to demand Mamluk submission, send threatening letters and continue to attempt an alliance with European powers, nothing materialized beyond border raids and skirmishes in both directions. For the time being, the immediate Mongol threat to the Mamluks had ended, and Sultan Qalawun turned to the remaining Frankish strongholds, all possible beachheads for European armies coming to assist the Ilkhans. Armenian Cilicia was pillaged, remaining inland Crusader strongholds were taken, and in April 1289 the Mongols' vassal Tripoli fell. After the death of Abaqa's son Arghun Il-Khan in March 1291, the Mamluks used the resulting distraction in the Ilkhanate to take the final major Frankish city in the Holy Land, Acre, leaving them with but miniscule holdings which fell in the following years. So ended 200 years of Crusader Kingdoms. Following Qalawun's death in 1290, he was succeeded by his son al-Ashraf Khalil. A fearsome military commander, it was he who led the push to seize Acre and the final Crusader holdings of note. Yet he did not long to enjoy the throne, and was assassinated in the last days of 1293 due to his efforts to curb the power of the existing Mamluk emirs. With his assassination, the Mamluks entered a period of political instability over the Sultanate. Initially his younger brother al-Nasir Muhammad was placed on the throne, still a child and without any real power. After a year as Sultan he was forced out by his guardian and regent, a Mamluk named, of all things, Kitbuqa. Apparently of Mongol origin, he had been taken captive by the Mamluks at the first battle of Homs in 1260, and made in turn a Mamluk, that is, a slave soldier. Kitbuqa's reign as Sultan was not particularly notable, mostly marked by intense political infighting and machinations. There was, however, a large body of Oirats who deserted the Ilkhanate to join the Mamluks Sultanate. Kitbuqa's generous treatment of this body of nomadic troops, with whom it appeared he shared kinship, angered a number of the other Mamluk emirs and undermined his power. He was soon forced to flee as one of al-Ashraf Khalil's assassins, the Emir Lajin, seized power. When Lajin was murdered in 1299, al-Ashraf Khalil's young brother al-Nasir Muhammad was recalled to take the throne. Only 14 years old, al-Nasir Muhammad had no real power and was still a puppet for the emirs competing for power. In comparison, 1295 saw the beginning of the reign of the powerful Ghazan Khan, son of Arghun. Ghazan, as we have covered, was not the first Muslim Ilkhan but by his reign a majority of the Mongols within the Ilkhanate had converted, and made the Ilkhanate an Islamic state. Ghazan consolidated his position early on, executing a number of potential challengers to the throne and restabilizing the Ilkhanid economy, though you can listen to our episode dedicated to Ghazan for more on the internal matters of his reign. While Ghazan was a Muslim, this did not change Ilkhanid policy to the Mamluk. He continued to send letters to western Europe urging them to land an army behind enemy lines. In late 1298, while Mamluk armies ravaged the Ilkhan's vassal Cilician Armenia, the na'ib of Damascus, Sayf al-Din Qibjaq and a few other top Mamluks deserted to the Ilkhanate during a particularly violent stretch within the Sultanate. Fearing for their lives, they inform Ghazan of Sultan Lajin and his vice-Sultan Manketamur's purges and unstable positions. Then in summer 1299 a Mamluk raid into the Ilkhanate sacked Mardin, violating Muslim women and descretating a mosque during Ramadan. Ghazan was thus able to easily obtain a fatwa against the Mamluks for this, presenting himself not as an invader, but a holy warrior coming to avenge atrocities against Islam to encourage dissent among Mamluk ranks. Indeed, the ruler of Hama, a top Mamluk ally, believed the accusations. By December 1299, Ghazan and his army of Mongols, Georgians and Armenians under their King Het'um II, had crossed the Euphrates. By then, Sultan Lajin had been replaced by a al-Nasir Muhammad who was nearly toppled by the Oirat refugees to the Sultanate. Ghazan bypassed Aleppo and Hama, and hunted for the Mamluk army. While encamped on the edge of the Syrian desert, Ghazan learned the Mamluks were gathering at Homs, where they had defeated Mongke-Temur 18 years prior. Rather than fall into their trap, Ghazan chose to outflank them, crossing the Syrian desert and coming out onto a stream some 16 kilometres north of Homs on the 22nd of December. To the Mamluks, it appeared that Ghazan was retreating, and advanced out of their favourable position to pursue. In a reverse of the 2nd Battle of Homs, now the Mamluks were forced to cross the desert, exhausting themselves to reach Ghazan early the next morning, while his own troops rested, quenched their thirst and formed up. Crucially, the Ilkhanid army was under the firm control of Ghazan and his commander Qutlugh-Shah, while the young al-Nasir Muhammad could not control his senior emirs. On the morning of December 23rd, 1299, the Mamluks found Ghazan's army was drawn up. Ghazan commanded the centre, while his general Qutlugh-Shah commanded the right. Qutlugh-Shah's beating of war drums made the Mamluks believe Ghazan to be located there, and to him they charged, forcing the Mongol right back. Ghazan led the counterattack against them, and Qutlugh-Shah rallied what forces he could and rejoined the Il-Khan. From 11 a.m until nightfall, the battle raged, but finally the Mamluks broke and fled. Ghazan pursued them past Homs before encamping, not wishing to be drawn into a false retreat in the dark. Homs surrendered without a fight and Ghazan took the Sultan's treasure, distributing it among his nokod, keeping for himself a sword, the title deeds to the Mamluk Sultanate and the muster roll of its army. Next Ghazan marched onto Damascus, which also surrendered without a fight, though its citadel held out. It seems almost the entire Mamluk garrison of Syria had retreated, perhaps recalled to defend the capital. Mongol raiding parties were making it as far as Gaza, with one source reporting they even entered Jerusalem, and the Sultanate seemed poised to fall. But on February 5th, 1300, Ghazan withdrew from Damascus, returning to the Ilkhanate. Qutlugh-Shah had been left to take the Citadel of Damascus, but he soon followed the Il-Khan. By the end of May, the Mamluks had retaken Syria. Exactly why Ghazan withdrew is unclear: possibly reports of a Neguderi invasion in the east of his realm demanded his attention, or he feared there would not be sufficient pasturage for his large army to make the trip to Egypt: the Mamluks were known to burn grassland and destroy supply depots on the routes they suspected the Mongols to take. Likely he was unaware of how dire the situation really was for the Mamluks, and suspected further armed resistance along the route would make the already treacherous crossing over the Sinai even harder on his army. Whatever the reason, Ghazan had lost the greatest chance to destroy the Mamluks. Ghazan did cross the Euphrates at the end of December 1300, reaching as far as Aleppo, but heavy rains rendered military operations untenable. In 1303 Ghazan ordered Qutlugh-Shah back into Syria, but he was defeated at Marj al-Suffar near Damascus in April. Ghazan's death the next year, only 34 years old, prevented his next assault. His brother and successor, Oljeitu, ordered the final Ilkhanid attack on the Sultanate, an embarrassing effort in winter 1312 which saw the army retreat not from the Royal Mamluks, but the stiff resistance of ordinary townsfolk. Oljeitu's son, Abu Sa'id, ultimately organized peace with the Mamluks in the early 1320s, ending the sixty years of warfare between the Mongols and the Mamluks. The Ilkhanate did not long outlive this treaty. Abu Sa'id death in 1335 without an heir saw the Ilkhanate torn apart by regional commanders -the Jalayirids, Chobanids, Muzaffarids and Injuids, among others- who appointed their own puppet Khans or abandoned the pretense entirely. For the Mamluks, they were unable to take advantage of the Ilkhanate's disintegration as when al-Nasir Muhammad died in 1341, they entered their own period of anarchy: 8 of al-Nasir's children and 4 of his grandsons would in turn become Sultan between 1341 and 1382, a period which culminated in the rise of the Circassian Burji Mamluk Dynasty. Whereas the Sultans from Qutuz, Baybars through Qalawun and his descendants were men of Qipchaq-Cuman or even Mongol origin, over the late thirteenth and first half of the fourteenth century a growing number of the Mamluks were sourced no longer from the Qipchaq steppe, but Circassia, a region along the Black Sea's northeastern coastline. With the end of the Qalawunid Dynasty, Mamluks of Circassian origin took power and established their own dynasty. The Bahri and Burji distinction refers to the parts of Cairo each Mamluk garrison had been based. It was this Mamluk dynasty who would face the wrath of Temur-i-lang at the beginning of the fifteenth century. These post-Ilkhanid events will be the topic for a forthcoming episode, so be sure to subscribe to the Kings and Generals podcast to follow for that. If you enjoyed this and would like to help us continue bringing you great content, please consider supporting us on patreon at www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. This episode was researched and written by our series historian, Jack Wilson. I'm your host David, and we'll catch you on the next one.
In this episode of The Plant Trainers Podcast, we talk with Dr. Mari Mitrani about regenerative medicine, her plant-based journey and her upbringing in lifestyle medicine. Dr. Mitrani shares with us the key concepts that made her different from all her friends growing up and that brought her to be the picture of health now in her 40’s. You will be amazed at what she has to say about drinking water and where you should start today. Get ready for lots of great action steps! Dr. Maria-Ines "Mari" Mitrani is a Physician Scientist & Entrepreneur, she has been Chief Science Officer and Co-Founder of Organicell Regenerative Medicine, Inc and is on the forefront of Regenerative Medicine and passionate about Preventative Medicine. Dr. Mari has been featured on the Wall Street Journal, Forbes, FOX News, WSVN, Univision, Sun Sentinel, Newsnation, Bioprocess & BioSpace. Dr. Mitrani co-founded the American Cellular & Anti-Aging Center in Quito – Ecuador, one of the first Autologous Stem Cell centers in South America and was instrumental in opening additional stem cell clinics in Guatemala, Trinidad & Tobago and Jamaica. She graduated as a Medical Doctor from Universidad San Francisco De Quito and received her Ph.D. in Neural Therapy from S.O.M.A (Medical Society of Natural Therapies). She completed her Plant Based Nutrition certification from Cornell University a T. Collin Campbell program. She received her Doctor of Acupuncture degree from the Panamerican University of Natural Medicine and was appointed as a Missionary Medical Doctor by The Sovereign Medical Order of The Knights Hospitaller, her background and passion stem from providing international aid to underprivileged and underserved populations. In this episode we discuss: Finding plant-based 30 years ago Gas emissions Being a teen Questioning doctors on med school Weight training Mental health Regenerative Medicine Where you should start today Water! You’ll be surprised Actionable steps
He told me he was a type of Latin called a Frank, and that he had sworn his life to the Knights Hospitaller, and within them, to the Order of St. Lazarus. I noticed he did not eat or drink anything, and that when the wind died away, he had a faint, unpleasant smell of rotten sweetness. “The Order of Saint Lazarus…” I began. “Indeed,” he said. “It is composed of lepers.” The Wrong Station contains explicit content and mature themes. Episode-specific warnings can be found at www.wrongstation.com
Valette was the leader of the Knights Hospitaller in the 16th century. After losing his home island of Rhodes to The Ottoman Empire, he vowed never to surrender their last possession. The tiny island of Malta. Five hundred knights against forty thousand Turks. Surely there was no hope?...Join The Anthology on Instagram for extra content related to this episode!https://www.instagram.com/anthologyofheroes/Attributions are available in episode links. See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.
‘Nothing is better known than the Siege of Malta.' Voltaire wrote these words after the epic battle of that name- also called “The Great Siege”- in 1565 A.D. The fierce, brutal showdown on a tiny fortified island in the Mediterranean saw Christian knights of the Holy Order of Saint John defeat what was the most powerful military in the world at the time, the Ottoman Empire. The Siege of Malta turned back the Islamic Jihad, and prevented Ottoman plans to use the island as a stepping stone for invasion of Italy and the conquest of the Vatican itself. Among the heroes of The Great Siege is a largely forgotten to history French Noble- a member of the Knights of Saint John (also known as the Knights Hospitaller), named Mathurin Romegas. He was a warrior monk and skilled pirate against the “infidel Turk,” all in the name of Christendom. As the first of a two part series, this episode will lay out the Mediterranean world leading up to the great siege and focus in on the tale of Romegas, one of the great military heroes of the battles of cross and crescent in the 15th century. Part two will be on the actual siege itself. Learn more about your ad-choices at https://www.iheartpodcastnetwork.comFollow Clay & Buck on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/c/clayandbuckSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.
‘Nothing is better known than the Siege of Malta.’ Voltaire wrote these words after the epic battle of that name- also called “The Great Siege”- in 1565 A.D. The fierce, brutal showdown on a tiny fortified island in the Mediterranean saw Christian knights of the Holy Order of Saint John defeat what was the most powerful military in the world at the time, the Ottoman Empire. The Siege of Malta turned back the Islamic Jihad, and prevented Ottoman plans to use the island as a stepping stone for invasion of Italy and the conquest of the Vatican itself. Among the heroes of The Great Siege is a largely forgotten to history French Noble- a member of the Knights of Saint John (also known as the Knights Hospitaller), named Mathurin Romegas. He was a warrior monk and skilled pirate against the “infidel Turk,” all in the name of Christendom. As the first of a two part series, this episode will lay out the Mediterranean world leading up to the great siege and focus in on the tale of Romegas, one of the great military heroes of the battles of cross and crescent in the 15th century. Part two will be on the actual siege itself. Learn more about your ad-choices at https://www.iheartpodcastnetwork.com
Today Micheal covers the deadliest waterspout, and former deadliest tornado in recorded history, which occured in the harbor of Valleta, Malta in the first Channel of Catastrophe minisode. References: Wikipedia (Grand Harbor, Knights Hospitaller, Grand Harbor Tornado) https://lovinmalta.com/lifestyle/nostalgia/did-you-know-maltas-craziest-tornado-ever-had-started-in-the-grand-harbour-and-killed-600-people/ http://www.phenomena.org.uk/tornadoes/page6/page6.html Tornado Video: https://youtu.be/Fe6GvGg7zDc Listen to the All Bad Things episode on the Dalutpur Saturia Tornado: https://player.fm/1uQscn
This week, the thing Coach Dave, Jordan, and Nick love about baseball is little brother teams! You know, the White Sox to the Cubs, the Mets to the Yankees, the Angels to the Dodgers.We also babble - I am running out of synonyms for "talk about" - about why All-Star Week could be so much more fun - short answer, the All-Star Game is stupid and should be replaced with goofy skills tests - and make some predictions now that we've arrived at the break. Coach Dave also enlightens us about Odon de Pins, Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller - you'll see - and rants about why people in hot cities shouldn't own huskies.Our other baseball podcast of the week is R2C2, Ryan Ruocco's podcast with CC MFIN' SABATHIA!!!!1 How a professional athlete has time to record a podcast *every week* is beyond us. Also, empowering athletes and boosting their voices as human beings is a thing we love about baseball, so we *extra* love R2C2. Subscribe to the show and followed Uninterrupted on Twitter - they're an "athlete empowerment brand" who host the show.Thanks as always to the great @drawawalk for our artwork.Stuff we talked about:"I don't think about you at all" scene from Mad MenOdon de PinsThe baseball minigame from Super Mario PartySahadev Sharma's piece on Robel Garcia for The AthleticSANTANA - "SMOOTH" BAHAHAHAHAHAPoochie aka the Washington NationalsLinks:Leadoff Grand Slam on TwitterLeadoff Grand Slam on Apple PodcastsLeadoff Grand Slam's Website(Recorded 7/7/19)
Find out if Jacob left in all the Chinese names he can't pronounce properly while telling Tim about a Triad gangster. Then try to guess who blasphemes more when Tim tells Jacob about the Knights Hospitaller and the Siege of Malta. Plenty of racketeering and Ottomans to be had on this week's episode!
2019 brings a new time slot and an upcoming name change that better informs our audience of our mission and content. Dr. Gerry and Dr. Ron will review current medical topics and sort out the fake ones so that an informed decision is made. We have over 100 years of medical experience between us and we are eager to share. Email docronradio@gmail.com Facebook Dr Ron Unfiltered Uncensored Instagram Dr Ron Phone 347-989-8899 to listen or participate Stanley Ngui PhD, IMD is the founder of NGUI-MATRIX, a pain removal technique, that is non-invasive and knowledge-based. It can remove even the most complex pain, just by touch. He is the 23rd generation of the Ngui family. Since the age of four, he has studied with his father and various Masters of Qigong and Traditional Chinese Medicine. His education includes a Master level in Qigong, Doctor of Philosophy in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Doctor of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Doctor of Acupuncture, Doctor of Natural Medicine, Doctor of Integrative Medicine and Doctor of Humanitarian Services. Stanley was knighted into the Sovereign Orthodox Order of the Knights Hospitaller of St John. He is currently the professor at large for WONM- University of Humanitarian Medicine Federation (WONM-UHMF). He is a clinician for over forty years. He is the President for Beyond Abilities Centre (a not-for-profit charity Organization). He is the past principal of the Academy Of Acupuncture. Stanley has taught seminars, workshops, classes and retreats, both locally and internationally. He was the speaker on radio and television shows.
This week we're joined by Jason Ward and talk about the Order of Malta, the 116th Congress, invocations in Alaska, Bishops praying, and more. Email us at contact@atheistnomads.com or leave us a voice message at (541) 203-0666 or atheistnomads.com/speakpipeSupport the show at atheistnomads.com/donateSubscribe at atheistnomads.com/subscribe Dustin' off the Degree - The Order of Malta Catholic orders are a bit bizarre to us nowadays, but that's because the concept is very old and many of the orders are just as old. It all dates back to the Crusades with knights having their orders and the monks and priests who took the Crusade also forming military orders. One such is the Order of Malta, or as it's formally called the Sovereign Military Hospitaller Order of Saint John of Jerusalem, of Rhodes and of Malta founded by Blessed Gerard in Jerusalem in 1099. The Knights Hospitaller as they were often called are best known for being the most brutal of the crusader armies and eventually figuring out that by creating medical facilities they could help heal soldiers so they wouldn't need to rely on so many new recruits. Later generations of the order would go on to found the first hospitals in Europe and are why there is such a connection between the Catholic church and hospitals. After the Arabs finished their conquest of the Crusader states the Order moved its headquarters to the Island of Malta and ruled it from 1530 until 1798, technically that rule was under the Kingdom of Sicily until 1753 when they declared independence. In 1798 they were driven out by Napoleon when he conquered the Island and by 1820 most of their land holdings in Protestant countries in Europe had been ceased which fractured the order. Numerous treaties throughout the 19th and 20th century has recognized them as a sovereign entity, equal to a sovereign state. This has resulted in them having two buildings in Rome that are extraterritorial, meaning Italian law does not apply. They have diplomatic relations with 110 countries, issue passports, coins, and stamps, enter into treaties, and hold permanent observer status in the United Nations, and a military. There currently 13,500 knights, dames, and auxiliary members. Until the 1990s knight status required a noble lineage. They also employ 42,000 medical professionals and have 80,000 volunteers spread across 120 countries. They are not only a major provider of medical services across Europe and other parts of the world but one of the largest relief agencies that assist with natural disasters and wars. Most of their 1.5 Billion Euro annual budget is provided by the EU, European governments, and the United Nations. News Religious affiliation of the 116th Congress According to Pew 71% of US adults identify as Christians, well in the new Congress that was just sworn in 88.2% of Congress is Christian. The good news is this is down two and a half points from the last congress. Of note, there is still one person in congress who is unaffiliated, the now Senator Kyrsten Sinema, there are now 18 who refused to answer the question, up from 10 in the last congress, and the number of Unitarians has doubled from 1 to 2. It's also worth noting that all but two Republicans are Christians, those two are both Jewish. The entirety of the remaining 21.8% of non-Christians in congress are Democrats. Also only Christians and Jews are over represented in Congress, all other major religions and people of no religion are under represented with the unaffiliated the most underrepresented. Sen Kyrsten Sinema took her oath of office on a law book When Mike Pence swore Kyrsten Sinema into the US Senate, she placed her hand on a book of laws that she checked out of the Library of Congress which contains the texts of the both the US and Arizona constitutions. Alaskan borough's new invocation rule has bought in a lot of Satanists and Pastafarians After a Satanist gave the invocation for the Kenai Penins...
Welcome back to The Emancipation Podcast Station - the place to hear about history researched and retold through the eyes of Middle school and HS students. Byzantine Empire: 600 - 1450 Regional and interregional interactions European Middle Ages: feudalism and serfdom: Audrey - The Middle Ages lasted from the fall of the Western Roman Empire, which was a little before 500 AD, to 1500 AD. There are three major sections of the Middle Ages, the Early Middle Ages, lasting from the fall of the Western Roman Empire to 1000 ad, was the first, the High Middle Ages, from 1000 ad to 13 ad, which was a high point for the Middle Ages, and last, the late Middle Ages, this lasted from 1300 to 1500 ad and it wasn't a very pleasant time to live in Europe. Gabe - feudalism is where if your poor you live on some land that you don't own a really rich guy called a baron or duke owns it and you still don't have money so you share a plow with your neighbor and you combine your ox together just to plow the ground so you can make a little money and you cant even leave with permission from your landlord you're a serf in a serfdom which is a state of being a feudal laborer so your like a slave who gets paid enough to survive Ella - A Roman Emperor by the name of Charlemagne conquered Northern Italy, around modern day France, and many other places including Switzerland, Germany, the Netherlands, and Belgium. Charlemagne was able to unify most of Western Europe and was considered a defining figure of the early middle ages. Emma - The word feudal comes from the medieval latin word feudum which means “landed estate”. It is a really broad term that refers to many types of landowner-tenant living situations that took place during the middle ages in Europe. In the seventeenth century, historians and lawyers studying the middle ages wanted to give a name to these types of lifestyles in this era, thus naming it feudalism. Modern day historians don’t necessarily agree that they should all be lumped under one name. Ben - And at that time around 1100 AD Rome was losing land to the Muslims that conquered some of the Byzantine area, So they sent some crusaders in 1096 to take the land back, (especially the holy land) and when they did, they decided instead of adding the land back into the byzantine empire they would just make some crusader kingdoms, so they made separate kingdoms that only advanced the divide between the east and west empires. Skylar - Peasant revolting was also called popular uprisings. The peasants revolted in England in 1831. The revolted because they felt that they were not getting treated equally as everyone else, ex. they were working harder than everyone else and barely surviving. Other reasons for popular uprisings/peasant revolting is the government taxing certain people more, cultural issues, and religious issues. 7.Ethan- The Byzantine Iconoclasm was the destroying of religious stuff. This brought up much controversy that lasted about a century. This also further differed the East and the West. The Western Church used religious images often and the Iconoclasm didn’t affect them as much. Origins of Islam: Audrey - The closest translation of the word Islam to English is surrender, and in the context of the Islamic faith it would be the surrender to the will of God. A Muslim is someone who practices Islam, and submits to the will of God. The central text of Islam is the Quran, which is believed by Muslims that it is the word of God revealed by the messenger Muhammad. Especially in older texts Islam might be referred to as Muhammadism, like Christianity, but this is incorrect because the Muslims didn’t view Muhammad as a divine figure but as someone God spoke through. Ella - Muslims and Christians biggest difference is that muslims do not believe in the crucifixion or the resurrection. They also don’t believe that Jesus is the son of god. They belief he was only and early prophet. Muslims also believe in a system of 5 pillars. These pillars are made up of faith, prayer, charity, fasting and pilgrimage. Emma - Islam is similar to Christianity in many ways. For example, they believe that Moses, Abraham, and Jesus were all doing God’s work. They also believe that parts of the Bible are indeed God’s word though they also believe that Muhammad is another of God’s messengers and that they word he conveyed is also divinely inspired. Ben - The biggest figure in Islam is Muhammad, Muhammad was born in 570 BC, sadly his mother died in 576 BC and his grandfather died in 578 BC. He got married in 595 BC. After he saw revelations and visions from god he went down to the big cube and told everyone “hey your gods are fake” but as expected, everyone got mad at him so he had to move to a place with a Christian king. He went to where is now Ethiopia and preached his teachings. Gabe - he started preaching in mecca and the Quraysh tribe did not like that so he moved to Medina or Yathrib and here he kind of became a spiritual ruler over the city And they actually fight the quraysh tribe 3 to 1 because there's only about 300 of them and there's 900 quraysh and they win this battle and quraysh fight them again in the battle of uhud and now there’s 750 so they are building in numbers but there’s 3300 And the quraysh win and then they have another war which is the battle of the trench and they actually dug a trench around the city and they fought 3000 to 10000 so three to one again and the muslims won and this is all by account of the muslims though because they are the only record we have of that time 6.Ethan- Muslims consider Muhammad as the last person in the line of disciples. These disciples include, Moses, Abraham, and Jesus. Also, as soon as Muhammad was born most of the Middle East abandoned polytheism. Skylar - the early part of Islamic faiths are center around revelations of the prophet, Muhammad. A lot of the revelations with Muhammad are about surrendering to god. Muslims believe that the Quran is the final testament. Sunni and Shia Islam: Ella - After the death of Muhammed, these two divisions known as Sunni and Shia came into play. 90% of the world's 1.6 billion muslims are Sunni and 10% are Shia. The word Sunni comes from the word Sunnah which is referring to Muhammad. The word Shia comes from Shi'atu ‘Ali which means followers of Ali. Audrey - The general division, between the Sunnis and the Shias, is who should succeed Muhammad, after his death, as leader of the Muslim community. The Shias believe that members of Muhammad’s family, especially his descendants, should become leader. The Sunnis disagree, and believe that it doesn’t really matter who succeeds Muhammad. Ben - As the divide gets more and more intense it causes the “Battle of the Camel” named after Aisha’s camel in 656 BC, then after that the “Battle of Siffin” happens merely a year after in 657 BC. Gabe - the shias believe even more so that ali should be his successor after a speech saying he is mawla and ali is also mawla and when muhammad died his very close friend abu bakr takes his place and then umar and then uthman who is assassinated and ali finally takes his place Emma - Ali became caliph in the year 656 AD, after the assassination of Uthman. At this time, Muawiya was the governor of Damascus and he felt that Ali was not putting in a full effort to punish the people who commited the crime. Because of this, he refuses to pledge his allegience to Ali. This started the Fist Fitna, or first Muslim civil war. Skylar - Muhammad was born in the year 570. He starts having revelations to god in the year 610, the Muslim calendar doesn’t start until 622 though. Muhammad married Khadijah and had several kids with her, one being named, Fatimah. Fatimah then married Ali, the son of Abu Talib. That’s where the word shi’atu ali comes from. 7.Ethan- The Shia are mainly based in places like Iraq and Iran, but are spread throughout the world itself. As you can probably guess, the Sunni are in many different places, since 9/10 Muslim are Sunni. Much blood was spilled through these 2 denominations throughout time.. Age of Islam: Ella - The Islamic Empire Grew as it obtained information from other civilizations such as the Byzantine and Persian empires. The collected knowledge and cultural ideas from surrounding empires and people they would meet around their area such as the Indians and the Chinese. Audrey - They collected and obtained this information all throughout the Umayyad dynasty but most of it happened during the Abbasid Caliphate. The Abbasid Caliphate built Baghdad and moved the of the empire there. Ben - In 786 Al-Ma’mun was born, but later in his life (813 BC) he created the Baghdad house of wisdom. The baghdad house of wisdom contained almost all advanced human knowledge from at the time, from mathematics to astronomy, the house of wisdom contained all great wisdoms, even those that were fictional such as poetry. Gabe - they built baghdad right on the route between europe and asia making it the place a prime spot to trade in allowing the abbasids very wealthy because they imported all sorts of good like silk glass tile paper ivory soap honey diamonds Emma - During this time, something called the translation movement took place. Some of the caliphs like al-Rashid and al-Ma’mun wanted to make popular Greek texts accessible to the Arab world, so they encouraged scholars to translate Greek works into Arabic. They were trying to preserve the thoughts of great scholars such as Aristotle. 6.Ethan- The Abbasid Dynasty built Baghdad which is the capital of Iraq. While this was not always so, Damascus was the original capital city. At the time, this was the perfect place for the capital, for it was by the Tigris and Euphrates river. Thus made is ideal for crop production which allowed larger population. Skylar - Al-Kwarizmi was a persian mathematician who studied at the house of wisdom. Al-Kwarizmi is the inventor of algebra. The word algebra comes from the Arabic word al-jabr. He also created the Hindu numerals. The Great Schism: Audrey - Emperor Nero had these purges of Christians like the Roman fire or fire of rome in 64 ad. Nero blamed the Christians for the fire and was lighting them alive for punishment. Many historians believe that the apostles Peter and Paul were killed in these purges. Ben - Around the early 4th century a new emperor comes along and we’ve talked about him previously, Constantine. But today I’m going to go more in depth into Constantine’s life. He was born in 280 AD. His father was the previous western emperor before him, being made emperor in 305 AD. At Constantine’s thirties he was fighting for power within the western region, becoming victorious and being crowned emperor in 312 AD, and later became emperor of not just western rome but all of it in 324. He instilled multiple laws protecting christian people and converted to christianity/was baptised on his deathbed. He died in 337 AD. Gabe - after constantine there was theodosius who made christianity the main religion of rome and persecuted other religions he was also the last to rule both sides of rome when he died the germanic tribes took the west side of rome leaving justinian to the east side who conquered modern day italy back from the germanic tribes leaving the germanic tribes with modern day france and modern day germany and modern day france is owned by the franks the tribe of france which is why you have french and german but they were actually just german to begin with Ella - The Christians of the time were missionaries, going around and spreading their beliefs to other Roman Civilizations. In some cases families were split apart when half of the family decided to abandon Roman practices. Emma - Under the rule of Justinian, there was a power struggle in the Roman Empire. There were many people who possessed large amounts of power with different titles. There was obviously the Emperor, but then there was also the Bishop of Rome, now known as the Pope, who considers himself to somewhat the head of Christianity. There were also several other patriarchs across the Empire who held power and influence over the people. Skylar - Christianity started from the Roman Empire, it started from a jewish sect in Judea and Galilee, from early ministries. Going into the third century christianity was becoming pretty big. There were more purges. In 312 Constantine wins the battle at Milvian Bridge, and shortly after christianity becomes legal, and the christians are no longer persecuted for doing something they believe in. Ethan- The Holy Roman Empire was called this by Voltaire, “It is neither holy, nor an empire”. This Voltaire was a french Enlightenment writer/speaker. Otto der Grosse or Otto the Great was a Roman emperor who originated in Germany. He unified the Empire around the 10th century. It started to split around the 11th century. The Crusades: Gabe - it was called the crusades because it was a war but from the pope so the pope wanted some land and he convinced a mighty Lord to go fight for him and his land so he goes and dies of starvation there and nevers sees his land again Audrey - Crusades were wars but they were considered just warfare. A war could be considered just if it had a just cause legitimate authority and the right intention. Ella - Eventually after losing a lot of territory, the Byzantine Empire was able to take back some of the Anatolian Peninsula from a muslim group called the Seljuk Turks. Supposedly, the crusades were made for the Byzantine Empire to get back the territory they lost, but the crusades usually took the land for themselves. Skylar -The Byzantine empire was losing the holy land, as the Arabians started to overrun it. Crusades were wars declared by the pope. Pope Urban II told all the christians they need to fight against the muslims to get the holy land back, and whoever fights will be forgiven of their sins. Emma - The crusades made a big impact on the expansion of European kingdoms and territories. In the north and est, crusading helped to expand parts of the Kingdoms of Sweden and Denmark. It also influenced the establishment of new political systems like Prussia. Ben - The one they hired to lead the charge against the Muslims that were taking over Jerusalem was Pope Urban II. This took place in 1095. His famous speech hat launched the crusades was, “Under Jesus Christ, our Leader, may you struggle for your Jerusalem, in Christian battle line, [that] most invincible line, even more successfully than did the sons of Jacob of old—struggle, that you may assail and drive out the Turks, more execrable than the Jebusites, who are in this land, and may you deem it a beautiful thing to die for Christ in that city in which he died for us. But if it befall you to die this side of it, be sure that to have died on the way is of equal value, if Christ shall find you in his army” 7.Ethan- The First Crusade was Jerusalem’s first military order. These military orders were more of taking on things like communal poverty, chastity, and obedience. But also violence… lots of violence… for the Christian faith of course. Examples consist of the Knights Templar, the Knights Hospitaller, and the Teutonic Knights. 8. Medieval Japan: Gabe - medieval japan becomes a militaristic japan and it gets kind of fragmented and doesn't get reunited till around the modern period every wonder why japanese and chinese is a lot alike because the japanese borrowed many ideas from the chinese because there so close together china was like your older sibling influencing you Skylar - The Heian period was a golden age for Japan. The Heians were very powerful. The Heian period was known for architecture, culture, arts, and philosophy. They had amazing cultural advancement for their time, around the year 1000. The women had a say in thing, like emperial arts. Lady Murasaki is known as the first novelist. A Shogun is a military dictator, the first Shogun was Minamoto Yuritomo. Audrey - China had a huge influence on Japan even though China never conquered Japan because of how close they are Japan borrowed many ideas from China in the Classical period. Japanese rulers sent delegations to China in the 7th century to better understand what the Chinese do to run their government. Ella - In the time he ruled, Oda Nobunaga took advantage of guns. He was able to use them to put most of the other lords into submission. He also worked towards unifying Japan. The next two rulers Tokugawa Ieyasu and Toyotomi Hideyoshi continued working towards unify Japan. Ben - (Y’all better be ready for me to correct your pronunciation since I’m learning Japanese. Nah Jk) The capital of Japan during the heian period was Heian-kyo (today’s Kyoto). Also another little fact about the golden age of Japan was that woman that were in the family of very important political figures had a significant amount of power themselves, unlike other civilizations like Rome. Japan in its early state was famous for taking things and ideas from other people and making their own version. This is how they became one of the first truly industrialized countries. Emma - The structure of Medieval Japan under the Bakufu system, or shogunate, was actually very similar to a lot of the European systems, and was even called a feudal system by some. In this time, the position of Emperor still existed, but all the power belonged to the Shogun who was a sort of military leader. Under the shogun there were several daimyo, which could be compared to lords. Beneath them was the warrior class of samurai, which are very similar to the knights of europe. Ethan- The Edo period is named for the castle Edo. This castle was ruled by the Tokuwaga shogunate which is still going. The shogun is at the top of the chain which how the bakufu system normally works. This system is considered the reason Japan began to be unified. Maya, Aztec, and Inca Skylar - The Aztec Empire starts to form when Azcapotzalca gets in a civil war, Tenochtitlan, Texcoco, and Tlacopan for a triple alliance and conquer Azcapotzalca. The Aztec empire was very small at the time with only three city-states. The Inca empire called themselves the Tawantinsuyu, they called their ruler Inca. Gabe - after a while in the Aztec empire Tenochtitlan which was once the weaker city state before in entered the aztec empire actually became the capital of the Aztec empire and the Aztec empire is actually around for another hundred years When hernando cortes comes and conquered it in 1521 Audrey - The Aztec civilization and the Aztec empire are different from each other because the Aztec civilization was made up of broad groups of people over hundreds of years where the Aztec empire was a very specific entity that was formed in the hundred years before the Spanish colonization. Ella - Hernando Cortes was able to convince several hundreds of conquistadors to conquer empires for him. He collected people from neighboring city states who were having problems with the Mexico or Aztec Empires. He eventually took over the city of Tenochtitlan and it became a very advanced civilization. Ben - One of the biggest ways the English were able to conquer ancient Mexico was with the bringing of smallpox which the native Americans never really had before. Even before they started calling themselves the Inca, they already had a sort of advanced civilization. They taxed their citizens, but not in a traditional way, since they didn’t use a coin or currency system, citizens had to dedicate some of their working time to the government. Emma - The advancements of Inca Empire are on their own monumental, but to put it into perspective, from the historical evidence we currently have, there is no proof that the Incas had a written language. They did have a system of knots that they used, but that was the extent of and record keeping. Ethan- The Mayans were well known for their astronomics, mathematics, and their calendar. Their civilization was based in southeastern Mexico and Guatemala. There was also El Salvador, Belize, and Honduras. That’s all the time we have for today. THank for joining us outside of the box that is learning.
Welcome back to The Emancipation Podcast Station - the place to hear about history researched and retold through the eyes of Middle school and HS students. Byzantine Empire: 600 - 1450 Regional and interregional interactions European Middle Ages: feudalism and serfdom: Audrey - The Middle Ages lasted from the fall of the Western Roman Empire, which was a little before 500 AD, to 1500 AD. There are three major sections of the Middle Ages, the Early Middle Ages, lasting from the fall of the Western Roman Empire to 1000 ad, was the first, the High Middle Ages, from 1000 ad to 13 ad, which was a high point for the Middle Ages, and last, the late Middle Ages, this lasted from 1300 to 1500 ad and it wasn't a very pleasant time to live in Europe. Gabe - feudalism is where if your poor you live on some land that you don't own a really rich guy called a baron or duke owns it and you still don't have money so you share a plow with your neighbor and you combine your ox together just to plow the ground so you can make a little money and you cant even leave with permission from your landlord you're a serf in a serfdom which is a state of being a feudal laborer so your like a slave who gets paid enough to survive Ella - A Roman Emperor by the name of Charlemagne conquered Northern Italy, around modern day France, and many other places including Switzerland, Germany, the Netherlands, and Belgium. Charlemagne was able to unify most of Western Europe and was considered a defining figure of the early middle ages. Emma - The word feudal comes from the medieval latin word feudum which means “landed estate”. It is a really broad term that refers to many types of landowner-tenant living situations that took place during the middle ages in Europe. In the seventeenth century, historians and lawyers studying the middle ages wanted to give a name to these types of lifestyles in this era, thus naming it feudalism. Modern day historians don’t necessarily agree that they should all be lumped under one name. Ben - And at that time around 1100 AD Rome was losing land to the Muslims that conquered some of the Byzantine area, So they sent some crusaders in 1096 to take the land back, (especially the holy land) and when they did, they decided instead of adding the land back into the byzantine empire they would just make some crusader kingdoms, so they made separate kingdoms that only advanced the divide between the east and west empires. Skylar - Peasant revolting was also called popular uprisings. The peasants revolted in England in 1831. The revolted because they felt that they were not getting treated equally as everyone else, ex. they were working harder than everyone else and barely surviving. Other reasons for popular uprisings/peasant revolting is the government taxing certain people more, cultural issues, and religious issues. 7.Ethan- The Byzantine Iconoclasm was the destroying of religious stuff. This brought up much controversy that lasted about a century. This also further differed the East and the West. The Western Church used religious images often and the Iconoclasm didn’t affect them as much. Origins of Islam: Audrey - The closest translation of the word Islam to English is surrender, and in the context of the Islamic faith it would be the surrender to the will of God. A Muslim is someone who practices Islam, and submits to the will of God. The central text of Islam is the Quran, which is believed by Muslims that it is the word of God revealed by the messenger Muhammad. Especially in older texts Islam might be referred to as Muhammadism, like Christianity, but this is incorrect because the Muslims didn’t view Muhammad as a divine figure but as someone God spoke through. Ella - Muslims and Christians biggest difference is that muslims do not believe in the crucifixion or the resurrection. They also don’t believe that Jesus is the son of god. They belief he was only and early prophet. Muslims also believe in a system of 5 pillars. These pillars are made up of faith, prayer, charity, fasting and pilgrimage. Emma - Islam is similar to Christianity in many ways. For example, they believe that Moses, Abraham, and Jesus were all doing God’s work. They also believe that parts of the Bible are indeed God’s word though they also believe that Muhammad is another of God’s messengers and that they word he conveyed is also divinely inspired. Ben - The biggest figure in Islam is Muhammad, Muhammad was born in 570 BC, sadly his mother died in 576 BC and his grandfather died in 578 BC. He got married in 595 BC. After he saw revelations and visions from god he went down to the big cube and told everyone “hey your gods are fake” but as expected, everyone got mad at him so he had to move to a place with a Christian king. He went to where is now Ethiopia and preached his teachings. Gabe - he started preaching in mecca and the Quraysh tribe did not like that so he moved to Medina or Yathrib and here he kind of became a spiritual ruler over the city And they actually fight the quraysh tribe 3 to 1 because there's only about 300 of them and there's 900 quraysh and they win this battle and quraysh fight them again in the battle of uhud and now there’s 750 so they are building in numbers but there’s 3300 And the quraysh win and then they have another war which is the battle of the trench and they actually dug a trench around the city and they fought 3000 to 10000 so three to one again and the muslims won and this is all by account of the muslims though because they are the only record we have of that time 6.Ethan- Muslims consider Muhammad as the last person in the line of disciples. These disciples include, Moses, Abraham, and Jesus. Also, as soon as Muhammad was born most of the Middle East abandoned polytheism. Skylar - the early part of Islamic faiths are center around revelations of the prophet, Muhammad. A lot of the revelations with Muhammad are about surrendering to god. Muslims believe that the Quran is the final testament. Sunni and Shia Islam: Ella - After the death of Muhammed, these two divisions known as Sunni and Shia came into play. 90% of the world's 1.6 billion muslims are Sunni and 10% are Shia. The word Sunni comes from the word Sunnah which is referring to Muhammad. The word Shia comes from Shi'atu ‘Ali which means followers of Ali. Audrey - The general division, between the Sunnis and the Shias, is who should succeed Muhammad, after his death, as leader of the Muslim community. The Shias believe that members of Muhammad’s family, especially his descendants, should become leader. The Sunnis disagree, and believe that it doesn’t really matter who succeeds Muhammad. Ben - As the divide gets more and more intense it causes the “Battle of the Camel” named after Aisha’s camel in 656 BC, then after that the “Battle of Siffin” happens merely a year after in 657 BC. Gabe - the shias believe even more so that ali should be his successor after a speech saying he is mawla and ali is also mawla and when muhammad died his very close friend abu bakr takes his place and then umar and then uthman who is assassinated and ali finally takes his place Emma - Ali became caliph in the year 656 AD, after the assassination of Uthman. At this time, Muawiya was the governor of Damascus and he felt that Ali was not putting in a full effort to punish the people who commited the crime. Because of this, he refuses to pledge his allegience to Ali. This started the Fist Fitna, or first Muslim civil war. Skylar - Muhammad was born in the year 570. He starts having revelations to god in the year 610, the Muslim calendar doesn’t start until 622 though. Muhammad married Khadijah and had several kids with her, one being named, Fatimah. Fatimah then married Ali, the son of Abu Talib. That’s where the word shi’atu ali comes from. 7.Ethan- The Shia are mainly based in places like Iraq and Iran, but are spread throughout the world itself. As you can probably guess, the Sunni are in many different places, since 9/10 Muslim are Sunni. Much blood was spilled through these 2 denominations throughout time.. Age of Islam: Ella - The Islamic Empire Grew as it obtained information from other civilizations such as the Byzantine and Persian empires. The collected knowledge and cultural ideas from surrounding empires and people they would meet around their area such as the Indians and the Chinese. Audrey - They collected and obtained this information all throughout the Umayyad dynasty but most of it happened during the Abbasid Caliphate. The Abbasid Caliphate built Baghdad and moved the of the empire there. Ben - In 786 Al-Ma’mun was born, but later in his life (813 BC) he created the Baghdad house of wisdom. The baghdad house of wisdom contained almost all advanced human knowledge from at the time, from mathematics to astronomy, the house of wisdom contained all great wisdoms, even those that were fictional such as poetry. Gabe - they built baghdad right on the route between europe and asia making it the place a prime spot to trade in allowing the abbasids very wealthy because they imported all sorts of good like silk glass tile paper ivory soap honey diamonds Emma - During this time, something called the translation movement took place. Some of the caliphs like al-Rashid and al-Ma’mun wanted to make popular Greek texts accessible to the Arab world, so they encouraged scholars to translate Greek works into Arabic. They were trying to preserve the thoughts of great scholars such as Aristotle. 6.Ethan- The Abbasid Dynasty built Baghdad which is the capital of Iraq. While this was not always so, Damascus was the original capital city. At the time, this was the perfect place for the capital, for it was by the Tigris and Euphrates river. Thus made is ideal for crop production which allowed larger population. Skylar - Al-Kwarizmi was a persian mathematician who studied at the house of wisdom. Al-Kwarizmi is the inventor of algebra. The word algebra comes from the Arabic word al-jabr. He also created the Hindu numerals. The Great Schism: Audrey - Emperor Nero had these purges of Christians like the Roman fire or fire of rome in 64 ad. Nero blamed the Christians for the fire and was lighting them alive for punishment. Many historians believe that the apostles Peter and Paul were killed in these purges. Ben - Around the early 4th century a new emperor comes along and we’ve talked about him previously, Constantine. But today I’m going to go more in depth into Constantine’s life. He was born in 280 AD. His father was the previous western emperor before him, being made emperor in 305 AD. At Constantine’s thirties he was fighting for power within the western region, becoming victorious and being crowned emperor in 312 AD, and later became emperor of not just western rome but all of it in 324. He instilled multiple laws protecting christian people and converted to christianity/was baptised on his deathbed. He died in 337 AD. Gabe - after constantine there was theodosius who made christianity the main religion of rome and persecuted other religions he was also the last to rule both sides of rome when he died the germanic tribes took the west side of rome leaving justinian to the east side who conquered modern day italy back from the germanic tribes leaving the germanic tribes with modern day france and modern day germany and modern day france is owned by the franks the tribe of france which is why you have french and german but they were actually just german to begin with Ella - The Christians of the time were missionaries, going around and spreading their beliefs to other Roman Civilizations. In some cases families were split apart when half of the family decided to abandon Roman practices. Emma - Under the rule of Justinian, there was a power struggle in the Roman Empire. There were many people who possessed large amounts of power with different titles. There was obviously the Emperor, but then there was also the Bishop of Rome, now known as the Pope, who considers himself to somewhat the head of Christianity. There were also several other patriarchs across the Empire who held power and influence over the people. Skylar - Christianity started from the Roman Empire, it started from a jewish sect in Judea and Galilee, from early ministries. Going into the third century christianity was becoming pretty big. There were more purges. In 312 Constantine wins the battle at Milvian Bridge, and shortly after christianity becomes legal, and the christians are no longer persecuted for doing something they believe in. Ethan- The Holy Roman Empire was called this by Voltaire, “It is neither holy, nor an empire”. This Voltaire was a french Enlightenment writer/speaker. Otto der Grosse or Otto the Great was a Roman emperor who originated in Germany. He unified the Empire around the 10th century. It started to split around the 11th century. The Crusades: Gabe - it was called the crusades because it was a war but from the pope so the pope wanted some land and he convinced a mighty Lord to go fight for him and his land so he goes and dies of starvation there and nevers sees his land again Audrey - Crusades were wars but they were considered just warfare. A war could be considered just if it had a just cause legitimate authority and the right intention. Ella - Eventually after losing a lot of territory, the Byzantine Empire was able to take back some of the Anatolian Peninsula from a muslim group called the Seljuk Turks. Supposedly, the crusades were made for the Byzantine Empire to get back the territory they lost, but the crusades usually took the land for themselves. Skylar -The Byzantine empire was losing the holy land, as the Arabians started to overrun it. Crusades were wars declared by the pope. Pope Urban II told all the christians they need to fight against the muslims to get the holy land back, and whoever fights will be forgiven of their sins. Emma - The crusades made a big impact on the expansion of European kingdoms and territories. In the north and est, crusading helped to expand parts of the Kingdoms of Sweden and Denmark. It also influenced the establishment of new political systems like Prussia. Ben - The one they hired to lead the charge against the Muslims that were taking over Jerusalem was Pope Urban II. This took place in 1095. His famous speech hat launched the crusades was, “Under Jesus Christ, our Leader, may you struggle for your Jerusalem, in Christian battle line, [that] most invincible line, even more successfully than did the sons of Jacob of old—struggle, that you may assail and drive out the Turks, more execrable than the Jebusites, who are in this land, and may you deem it a beautiful thing to die for Christ in that city in which he died for us. But if it befall you to die this side of it, be sure that to have died on the way is of equal value, if Christ shall find you in his army” 7.Ethan- The First Crusade was Jerusalem’s first military order. These military orders were more of taking on things like communal poverty, chastity, and obedience. But also violence… lots of violence… for the Christian faith of course. Examples consist of the Knights Templar, the Knights Hospitaller, and the Teutonic Knights. 8. Medieval Japan: Gabe - medieval japan becomes a militaristic japan and it gets kind of fragmented and doesn't get reunited till around the modern period every wonder why japanese and chinese is a lot alike because the japanese borrowed many ideas from the chinese because there so close together china was like your older sibling influencing you Skylar - The Heian period was a golden age for Japan. The Heians were very powerful. The Heian period was known for architecture, culture, arts, and philosophy. They had amazing cultural advancement for their time, around the year 1000. The women had a say in thing, like emperial arts. Lady Murasaki is known as the first novelist. A Shogun is a military dictator, the first Shogun was Minamoto Yuritomo. Audrey - China had a huge influence on Japan even though China never conquered Japan because of how close they are Japan borrowed many ideas from China in the Classical period. Japanese rulers sent delegations to China in the 7th century to better understand what the Chinese do to run their government. Ella - In the time he ruled, Oda Nobunaga took advantage of guns. He was able to use them to put most of the other lords into submission. He also worked towards unifying Japan. The next two rulers Tokugawa Ieyasu and Toyotomi Hideyoshi continued working towards unify Japan. Ben - (Y’all better be ready for me to correct your pronunciation since I’m learning Japanese. Nah Jk) The capital of Japan during the heian period was Heian-kyo (today’s Kyoto). Also another little fact about the golden age of Japan was that woman that were in the family of very important political figures had a significant amount of power themselves, unlike other civilizations like Rome. Japan in its early state was famous for taking things and ideas from other people and making their own version. This is how they became one of the first truly industrialized countries. Emma - The structure of Medieval Japan under the Bakufu system, or shogunate, was actually very similar to a lot of the European systems, and was even called a feudal system by some. In this time, the position of Emperor still existed, but all the power belonged to the Shogun who was a sort of military leader. Under the shogun there were several daimyo, which could be compared to lords. Beneath them was the warrior class of samurai, which are very similar to the knights of europe. Ethan- The Edo period is named for the castle Edo. This castle was ruled by the Tokuwaga shogunate which is still going. The shogun is at the top of the chain which how the bakufu system normally works. This system is considered the reason Japan began to be unified. Maya, Aztec, and Inca Skylar - The Aztec Empire starts to form when Azcapotzalca gets in a civil war, Tenochtitlan, Texcoco, and Tlacopan for a triple alliance and conquer Azcapotzalca. The Aztec empire was very small at the time with only three city-states. The Inca empire called themselves the Tawantinsuyu, they called their ruler Inca. Gabe - after a while in the Aztec empire Tenochtitlan which was once the weaker city state before in entered the aztec empire actually became the capital of the Aztec empire and the Aztec empire is actually around for another hundred years When hernando cortes comes and conquered it in 1521 Audrey - The Aztec civilization and the Aztec empire are different from each other because the Aztec civilization was made up of broad groups of people over hundreds of years where the Aztec empire was a very specific entity that was formed in the hundred years before the Spanish colonization. Ella - Hernando Cortes was able to convince several hundreds of conquistadors to conquer empires for him. He collected people from neighboring city states who were having problems with the Mexico or Aztec Empires. He eventually took over the city of Tenochtitlan and it became a very advanced civilization. Ben - One of the biggest ways the English were able to conquer ancient Mexico was with the bringing of smallpox which the native Americans never really had before. Even before they started calling themselves the Inca, they already had a sort of advanced civilization. They taxed their citizens, but not in a traditional way, since they didn’t use a coin or currency system, citizens had to dedicate some of their working time to the government. Emma - The advancements of Inca Empire are on their own monumental, but to put it into perspective, from the historical evidence we currently have, there is no proof that the Incas had a written language. They did have a system of knots that they used, but that was the extent of and record keeping. Ethan- The Mayans were well known for their astronomics, mathematics, and their calendar. Their civilization was based in southeastern Mexico and Guatemala. There was also El Salvador, Belize, and Honduras. That’s all the time we have for today. THank for joining us outside of the box that is learning.
The hungry, the sick, the imprisoned - or as the Knights of Malta called them, "Our Lords the Sick". --- "The Knights Hospitaller, as they were known, got permission to set up the first hospital in Jerusalem. They were connected with the Crusades and they were a sovereign military order. Why? Because they had to, in the course of their work, actually defend - sometimes with the sword - their work of being Hospitallers." Iain Benson is a Professor of Law the University of Notre Dame in Australia, he's worked on human rights charters around the world, and he's also a member of the Order of Malta (also known the Knights Hospitaller, among their many names). Traditionally, their chief vow was "to honour Our Lords the Sick". It's a strange phrase, but what it means is that when they look at a sick person – any sick person, rich or poor, Christian or Muslim or Jewish – they see Jesus, their Lord. So, they care for him or her. When Jesus says "whatever you do for the least of these, you do for me" ... the Knights Hospitaller take him seriously. Today, you may have come across some of the Order of Malta's modern off-shoots such as St John Ambulance, which services concerts and sporting events across Australia, and still provide the main ambulance service in Western Australia and the Northern Territory. One thousand years old, this order of knights is still going strong – all inspired by a particular story Jesus told more than a thousand years before that. In this episode of Life & Faith, we take a close look at the work of the Knights Hospitaller. We note how unusual and attractive this kind of extreme care and compassion was in the Roman world, when Christians first started practising it – it was one reason why so many people became part of the Christian movement in the first few centuries after Jesus. And we consider the perspective of thinkers who would challenge the idea that caring for the sick is a self-evident good. "Christians believe that each person is made in the image of God, and thus each person should be cared for, even if they are very ill," says Lynn Cohick from Wheaton College. "This shocked pagans who were really anxious to get out of the way of any kind of sickness, they just would flee a city or a town. And the Christians stayed. That made a real impact on the pagans who wondered how could these Christians love – even at the cost, perhaps, of their own lives." --- For The Love of God: How the church is better and worse than you ever imagined is in cinemas now. Buy tickets, or host your own screening: www.betterandworse.film
Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the event of which Voltaire, two hundred years later, said 'nothing was more well known'. In 1565, Suleiman the Magnificent, the Ottoman leader, sent a great fleet west to lay siege to Malta and capture it for his empire. Victory would mean control of trade across the Mediterranean and a base for attacks on Spain, Sicily and southern Italy, even Rome. It would also mean elimination of Malta's defenders, the Knights Hospitaller, driven by the Ottomans from their base in Rhodes in 1522 and whose raids on his shipping had long been a thorn in his side. News of the Great Siege of Malta spread fear throughout Europe, though that turned to elation when, after four months of horrific fighting, the Ottomans withdrew, undermined by infighting between their leaders and the death of the highly-valued admiral, Dragut. The Knights Hospitaller had shown that Suleiman's forces could be contained, and their own order was reinvigorated. The image above is the Death of Dragut at the Siege of Malta (1867), after a painting by Giuseppe Cali. Dragut (1485 1565) was an Ottoman Admiral and privateer, known as The Drawn Sword of Islam and as one of the finest generals of the time. With Helen Nicholson Professor of Medieval History at Cardiff University Diarmaid MacCulloch Professor of the History of the Church at the University of Oxford and Kate Fleet Director of the Skilliter Centre for Ottoman Studies and Fellow of Newnham College, Cambridge Producer: Simon Tillotson.
Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the event of which Voltaire, two hundred years later, said 'nothing was more well known'. In 1565, Suleiman the Magnificent, the Ottoman leader, sent a great fleet west to lay siege to Malta and capture it for his empire. Victory would mean control of trade across the Mediterranean and a base for attacks on Spain, Sicily and southern Italy, even Rome. It would also mean elimination of Malta's defenders, the Knights Hospitaller, driven by the Ottomans from their base in Rhodes in 1522 and whose raids on his shipping had long been a thorn in his side. News of the Great Siege of Malta spread fear throughout Europe, though that turned to elation when, after four months of horrific fighting, the Ottomans withdrew, undermined by infighting between their leaders and the death of the highly-valued admiral, Dragut. The Knights Hospitaller had shown that Suleiman's forces could be contained, and their own order was reinvigorated. The image above is the Death of Dragut at the Siege of Malta (1867), after a painting by Giuseppe Cali. Dragut (1485 1565) was an Ottoman Admiral and privateer, known as The Drawn Sword of Islam and as one of the finest generals of the time. With Helen Nicholson Professor of Medieval History at Cardiff University Diarmaid MacCulloch Professor of the History of the Church at the University of Oxford and Kate Fleet Director of the Skilliter Centre for Ottoman Studies and Fellow of Newnham College, Cambridge Producer: Simon Tillotson.
Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the event of which Voltaire, two hundred years later, said 'nothing was more well known'. In 1565, Suleiman the Magnificent, the Ottoman leader, sent a great fleet west to lay siege to Malta and capture it for his empire. Victory would mean control of trade across the Mediterranean and a base for attacks on Spain, Sicily and southern Italy, even Rome. It would also mean elimination of Malta's defenders, the Knights Hospitaller, driven by the Ottomans from their base in Rhodes in 1522 and whose raids on his shipping had long been a thorn in his side. News of the Great Siege of Malta spread fear throughout Europe, though that turned to elation when, after four months of horrific fighting, the Ottomans withdrew, undermined by infighting between their leaders and the death of the highly-valued admiral, Dragut. The Knights Hospitaller had shown that Suleiman's forces could be contained, and their own order was reinvigorated. The image above is the Death of Dragut at the Siege of Malta (1867), after a painting by Giuseppe Cali. Dragut (1485 1565) was an Ottoman Admiral and privateer, known as The Drawn Sword of Islam and as one of the finest generals of the time. With Helen Nicholson Professor of Medieval History at Cardiff University Diarmaid MacCulloch Professor of the History of the Church at the University of Oxford and Kate Fleet Director of the Skilliter Centre for Ottoman Studies and Fellow of Newnham College, Cambridge Producer: Simon Tillotson.
The Knights Hospitaller were kicked out of Jerusalem following the Third Crusade, but they found a new home on the Mediterranean island of Malta. Their defense fortifications were so strong that nobody could invade, not even the might Ottoman navy in the late 16th century. Learn how this warrior order helped piracy thrive in the Eastern Mediterranean. TO HELP OUT THE SHOW Leave an honest review on iTunes. Your ratings and reviews really help and I read each one. Subscribe on iTunes or Stitcher
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