Podcasts about Royal Society Open Science

Duas baleias-jubartes identificadas por meio do padrão único de suas caudas surpreenderam cientistas ao estabelecer um recorde de migração entre áreas de reprodução no Brasil e na Austrália. Conversamos com dois pesquisadores envolvidos no estudo, Milton Marcondes, coordenador de pesquisa do Instituto Baleia Jubarte, e Stephanie Stack, co-autora da pesquisa e candidata a doutorado na Universidade Griffith, em Queensland.Duas baleias-jubartes identificadas por meio do padrão único de suas caudas surpreenderam cientistas ao estabelecer um recorde de migração entre áreas de reprodução no Brasil e na Austrália. Conversamos com dois pesquisadores envolvidos no estudo, Milton Marcondes, coordenador de pesquisa do Instituto Baleia Jubarte, e Stephanie Stack, co-autora da pesquisa e candidata a doutorado na Universidade Griffith, em Queensland. A distância de 15 mil quilómetros desafia o que se conhecia sobre os deslocamentos da espécie e sugere que as populações podem estar mais conectadas do que se imaginava. O estudo, publicado na revista Royal Society Open Science, documenta pela primeira vez esse tipo de travessia entre oceanos e levanta novas questões sobre comportamento, genética e conservação das baleias.

Gregory Pouy, consultant, conférencier et fondateur du podcast Vlan!Dans ce solo, je lis ma newsletter sur un sujet qui m'obsède depuis un printemps passé à me traîner avec les yeux qui coulent et le nez bouché. Une allergie au pollen. Ça m'a paru absurde à un moment : comment mon corps peut-il traiter la nature comme une menace ? Et de là, j'ai tiré un fil. Un fil qui m'a mené à Paracelse, à l'hormèse, à David Strachan, à Anique de Bruin et finalement à une question beaucoup plus large : et si nos sociétés avaient systématiquement éliminé des résistances qui nous étaient nécessaires ?Ce solo est dans la continuité de mon épisode sur les frictions mais cette fois, je me concentre sur le corps. Sur le système immunitaire. Sur le cerveau. Sur ce que la biologie nous apprend du fonctionnement du vivant depuis 2,4 milliards d'années et que l'idéologie du confort a balayé en deux générations.Dans cet épisode, je parle de l'hormèse et de ses 9 000 modèles doses-réponses documentés, de l'explosion des allergies depuis les années 1960 dans les pays industrialisés, de ce que perdent les enfants nés par césarienne ou élevés loin de la nature et des microbes, de la réserve cognitive et de pourquoi les mots croisés que votre mère fait depuis trente ans ne lui servent à rien neurologiquement, des nudges et des sludges selon la Royal Society Open Science et finalement de ce que ça dit sur notre rapport à l'effort, à la Silicon Valley et à l'intelligence artificielle.Je ne prêche ni pour la souffrance, ni pour le retour en arrière. Je tente juste de poser la question honnêtement : lesquelles des frictions qu'on a supprimées méritaient de rester ?3. Citations marquantes"Comment puis-je être allergique à la nature ? Comment mon corps peut-il traiter le pollen comme une menace ? Ça n'a aucun sens évolutif.""Supprimer l'effort, c'est supprimer le signal. Et sans signal, pas de réponse adaptative.""Le microbiome infantile n'est pas un risque à gérer mais un entraîneur. Il éduque le système immunitaire en lui présentant une diversité de micro-organismes à dose adaptée, exactement comme un entraîneur qui fait travailler un athlète sur des exercices progressivement plus difficiles.""Ce n'est pas la présence de microbes qui est problématique, c'est leur absence.""Ce qui ne vous tue pas ne vous rend pas automatiquement plus fort. Mais ce qui vous préserve de tout ce qui pourrait vous blesser vous rend certainement plus fragile."4. Idées centrales (Big Ideas)1. La courbe en J de l'hormèse : le stress optimal n'est pas zéroExplication : L'hormèse désigne une réponse biphasique au stress : une faible dose stimule tandis qu'une forte dose inhibe. Le point optimal se situe juste au-dessus du seuil d'inconfort, pas dans le confort absolu ni dans la souffrance maximale. Paracelse l'avait formulé au XVIe siècle : "C'est la dose qui fait le poison." Ce principe concerne aujourd'hui 9 000 modèles doses-réponses documentés. Pourquoi ça compte : On a construit une culture sanitaire autour du zéro risque, d'une logique de suppression totale (les bains de bouche à l'alcool qui tuent 100% des bactéries, bonnes ou mauvaises). La biologie dit exactement l'inverse. Timestamp estimé : 04:30 - 08:002. La variation est le mécanisme, pas l'optionExplication : Que ce soit pour l'exercice, le jeûne intermittent ou la restriction calorique, un stresseur constant finit par devenir le fond sonore du corps. Le corps s'y adapte et cesse de répondre. Ce qui fonctionne, c'est l'imprévisibilité : le stresseur doit varier pour que le signal reste actif. Le fameux effet yoyo des régimes, c'est de la biologie, pas de la faiblesse. Pourquoi ça compte : Ça remet en cause la logique de discipline linéaire ("faites la même chose tous les jours") qui structure la plupart des conseils de santé et de développement personnel. Timestamp estimé : 08:00 - 13:303. Les allergies sont un choix politique, pas une malchanceExplication : Le rhume des foins a été décrit pour la première fois autour de 1870. L'asthme infantile a monté en flèche à partir des années 1960. Les allergies aux arachides ont explosé depuis les années 1990. Ces augmentations ne s'expliquent pas par la génétique, elles sont concentrées dans les pays industrialisés et elles suivent exactement la dynamique de l'hypothèse hygiéniste de David Strachan (1989) : un système immunitaire mal entraîné, faute de micro-organismes avec lesquels coévoluer. Pourquoi ça compte : C'est une histoire de choix collectifs : villes sans nature, agriculture chimique, produits ultra-transformés. Et c'est réversible. Timestamp estimé : 13:30 - 17:304. Le microbiome infantile s'entraîne ou s'atrophieExplication : Les enfants nés par césarienne n'acquièrent pas le microbiome maternel et présentent des taux d'allergies et d'asthme significativement plus élevés. Les enfants qui ont reçu plusieurs cycles d'antibiotiques dans leurs premières années développent une dysbiose intestinale liée aux maladies auto-immunes. Les souris élevées en environnement stérile développent un système immunitaire hypersensible, incapable de distinguer ami et ennemi. Pourquoi ça compte : La protection maximale de l'enfant peut produire l'effet inverse de ce qu'on cherche. Pas par faute des parents, mais parce que le cadre qu'on a collectivement construit autour de l'enfance élimine l'entraînement immunitaire nécessaire. Timestamp estimé : 17:30 - 22:005. La réserve cognitive se construit dans l'inconfort, pas dans la maîtriseExplication : Certaines personnes peuvent avoir des lésions avancées caractéristiques de la maladie d'Alzheimer à l'autopsie tout en ayant présenté peu ou pas de symptômes. Leurs cerveaux étaient malades, leurs esprits fonctionnaient. Cette réserve cognitive se construit en forçant le cerveau à créer des connexions nouvelles : apprendre une langue après 50 ans, jouer d'un instrument qu'on ne maîtrise pas, lire des auteurs avec lesquels on est en désaccord. Les jeux de mots croisés qu'on fait depuis trente ans ne construisent rien : le cerveau les traite en pilote automatique. Pourquoi ça compte : La chercheuse Anique de Bruin (Université de Maastricht) a formalisé ce paradoxe avec le concept S2D2 (Start and Stick to Desirable Difficulties) : on fuit systématiquement les conditions d'apprentissage les plus efficaces parce qu'elles ne ressemblent pas à de la progression. Timestamp estimé : 22:00 - 27:006. L'environnement détermine le comportement plus que la motivationExplication : Une étude de la Royal Society Open Science (2023) basée sur 184 expériences et 2,2 millions de participants montre que modifier l'effort (nudges et sludges) produit des effets comportementaux significativement plus forts que jouer sur la motivation ou la perception. Changer la disposition des plats dans une cafétéria fait manger plus de légumes que dix ans de campagnes nutritionnelles. Pourquoi ça compte : Si c'est l'environnement qui nous façonne, la question n'est pas "suis-je assez discipliné ?" mais "qui décide de la friction dans mes environnements ?" Timestamp estimé : 27:00 - 31:007. L'hormèse n'est ni éloge de la souffrance ni justification des inégalitésExplication : L'hormèse ne dit pas "souffre plus, tu deviendras plus fort." Elle dit : un stress adapté en intensité, intermittent et suivi de récupération est bénéfique. Un stress chronique, permanent, sans issue possible, détruit. Les études sur la pauvreté persistante et les traumatismes chroniques montrent des effets biologiques documentés : télomères raccourcis, cortisol chroniquement élevé, vieillissement accéléré. La précarité n'entraîne pas, elle écrase. Pourquoi ça compte : Ce concept peut être récupéré politiquement pour glorifier la souffrance ou justifier les inégalités. C'est une perversion complète. La fenêtre d'hormèse suppose que la récupération soit possible. Timestamp estimé : 31:00 - 34:305. Questions structurantes de l'épisodeComment peut-on être allergique à la nature alors que nos systèmes immunitaires ont évolué avec elle pendant des millénaires ?Qu'est-ce que l'hormèse et pourquoi ce concept reste-t-il quasi absent des discours publics sur la santé malgré 9 000 études documentées ?À quel moment la réduction de friction devient-elle pathologique pour le corps, l'immunité, le cerveau ?Pourquoi la variation est-elle le mécanisme central de l'hormèse plutôt que la constance d'un effort sain ?Dans quelle mesure l'explosion des allergies depuis les années 1960 est-elle le résultat de choix politiques collectifs plutôt que d'une fatalité biologique ?Qu'est-ce que la réserve cognitive et pourquoi les activités dans lesquelles on est bon ne contribuent pas à la construire ?Comment distinguer les frictions qu'on a éliminées à juste titre (souffrance inutile) de celles qui nous étaient biologiquement nécessaires ?Pourquoi notre environnement détermine-t-il notre comportement plus efficacement que notre motivation ou notre volonté ?Comment l'intelligence artificielle nous force-t-elle à réfléchir concrètement à quelles frictions cognitives préserver intentionnellement ?L'hormèse peut-elle être récupérée pour justifier les inégalités sociales, et pourquoi c'est précisément l'inverse de ce qu'elle dit ?6. Références citées dans l'épisodePersonnes et auteursParacelse (XVIe siècle), médecin suisse-allemand, fondateur de la toxicologie moderne : "C'est la dose qui fait le poison." — ~04:30David Strachan, épidémiologiste britannique : hypothèse hygiéniste (1989), première formalisation du lien entre manque d'exposition microbiale et maladies allergiques — ~14:30Anique de Bruin, chercheuse, Université de Maastricht : concept S2D2 (Start and Stick to Desirable Difficulties), paradoxe de la résistance à l'apprentissage efficace — ~24:00Concepts scientifiquesHormèse : réponse biphasique au stress, courbe en J ou en U inverséBDNF (Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor) : facteur de protection neuronal activé notamment par le jeûne intermittent — ~10:30Autophagie : mécanisme de recyclage cellulaire activé sous contrainte — ~10:30Microbiome : écosystème microbial intestinal, rôle dans l'éducation du système immunitaire — ~17:30Réserve cognitive : capacité du cerveau à compenser les lésions par des connexions alternatives — ~22:00Télomères : marqueurs biologiques du vieillissement cellulaire accéléré par le stress chronique — ~33:00Dysbiose intestinale : déséquilibre du microbiome lié à l'usage d'antibiotiques — ~18:30Études et publicationsÉtude sur les oiseaux urbains : oiseaux exposés à de faibles doses de polluants métalliques vivant plus longtemps que leurs cousins ruraux, relation en courbe J — ~12:00Étude Royal Society Open Science (2023) : analyse de 184 expériences, 2,2 millions de participants sur les nudges (coups de pouce) et sludges (frictions intentionnelles) — ~28:00Étude sur les marathoniens : étude récente qui semble infirmer l'hypothèse d'un cœur fatigué chez les coureurs chroniques, mais documenter les risques du sur-entraînement — ~32:00Données historiques et épidémiologiquesPremière description du rhume des foins : autour de 1870 — ~13:30Montée de l'asthme infantile : à partir des années 1960, niveau épidémique dans les pays développés dans les années 1990 — ~13:30Explosion des allergies alimentaires aux arachides : depuis les années 1990 — ~13:307. Timestamps clés (optimisés YouTube)00:00 Introduction — Je suis allergique à la nature. Pourquoi ? Greg part de son allergie au pollen pour poser la question centrale : comment notre corps peut-il traiter le pollen comme une menace ? Et comment ça l'a mené à l'hormèse. 04:30 L'hormèse : quand un peu de ce qui nuit vous protège Paracelse, la courbe en J, les 9 000 modèles doses-réponses. Le principe du stress bénéfique. 08:00 Exercice, jeûne, régimes : pourquoi la routine annule les bénéfices La variation comme mécanisme. L'effet yoyo expliqué par la biologie. 13:30 L'allergie au pollen, c'est de la politique L'hypothèse hygiéniste de Strachan (1989). L'explosion documentée des allergies depuis 1870. 17:30 Ce que nos enfants perdent biologiquement Césarienne, antibiotiques, famille nucléaire : l'appauvrissement du microbiome infantile. 22:00 Votre cerveau se dégrade sans résistance Réserve cognitive, Alzheimer, et pourquoi les mots croisés ne servent à rien après la 2e année. 27:00 On a construit des sociétés qui éliminent la friction Nudges, sludges, Royal Society Open Science 2023. Et la question de l'IA. 31:00 Attention : l'hormèse n'est pas "souffre plus" La courbe a un plafond. Et elle ne justifie pas les inégalités. 34:30 Concrètement, qu'est-ce qu'on fait ? Des micro-frictions intentionnelles, individuelles et collectives.Hébergé par Audiomeans. Visitez audiomeans.fr/politique-de-confidentialite pour plus d'informations.

This week we're diving into two reptile papers: the first is about desert lizards being secret nutritional strategists, timing what they eat across the year to nail mating season and prep for hibernation. Then we stumble into the chaotic world of rattlesnake seed dispersal, where a snake eats a rodent that ate a seed, and thanks to the snake, a tree grows. Become a Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/herphighlights Merch: https://www.redbubble.com/people/herphighlights/shop Full reference list available here: http://www.herphighlights.podbean.com Main Paper References: Acevedo M, Salywon AM, Blackwell SA, Hodgson WC, Hughes ZS, Davis MA, Schuett GW. 2026. The potential for seed rescue and secondary dispersal in rattlesnakes. Royal Society Open Science 13:251226. DOI: 10.1098/rsos.251226. Joshi M, Tatu A, Hawlena D, Raubenheimer D, Thaker M. 2026. Desert lizards modulate nutritional responses to match seasonal biological needs. Royal Society Open Science 13:251690. DOI: 10.1098/rsos.251690. Editing and Music: Intro/outro – Treehouse by Ed Nelson Species Bi-week theme – Michael Timothy Other Music – The Passion HiFi, https://www.thepassionhifi.com  

Have you ever looked up at the sky and spotted a face in the clouds? Or noticed a grumpy expression in a crumpled sock? If so, you're not alone, this surprisingly common experience is called pareidolia and scientists are fascinated by it. New research published in the journal Royal Society Open Science found that humans are incredibly good at recognising faces. In fact, we're so good that our brains often find them where none exist, on handbags, in TV static, or even in burnt toast. Researchers asked participants to look at everyday objects and random visual “noise” and describe what they saw. In one experiment, participants looked at a handbag. Its zips and folds consistently appeared to form a smiling face to many viewers. But when shown random visual noise - essentially meaningless patterns, responses became much more imaginative. People reported seeing everything from angels and dragons to demons and religious figures. What's fascinating is that there was nothing actually there, the images were just noise, but the brain filled in the gaps anyway. In another experiment, researchers added a subtle vertical symmetry feature to the images which is a key characteristic of human faces. That small tweak made a big difference and suddenly, participants were much more likely to report seeing faces. and not just any faces, but often angry ones. Across the experiments, patterns started to emerge. Many participants tended to see male faces, and a significant number perceived those faces as angry. One theory is that our brains rely on a kind of built-in 'face template,' which may lean toward male features. Interestingly, this bias shows up even in young children, suggesting it might be deeply ingrained. As for the anger, evolution may play a role. When faced with uncertainty, it's safer for the brain to assume a potential threat to prepare you for danger than risk missing it. Pareidolia reveals something profound about how we see the world. Our brains don't just passively receive information, they actively interpret it, often jumping to conclusions based on minimal clues. When it comes to faces, the brain seems to follow a simple rule: detect first, analyse later. This makes sense when you consider how important face recognition has been throughout human history. for communication, survival, and social connection. So next time you spot a face in the clouds or a smile in your morning coffee, relax as it's just brain doing exactly what it evolved to do, finding meaning in the world, even when there's nothing there at all. LISTEN ABOVESee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

The gang discusses two papers that use quantitative methods to investigate the biomechanical limitations of extinct organisms. The first paper models the range of jumping potential for a non-avian theropod dinosaur, and the other paper tests if an extinct bird could have skimmed the ocean for food. Meanwhile, James imagines a better future, Amanda is to blame, and Curt is heating up.   Up-Goer Five (Amanda Edition): Today our friends look at two papers that talk about how things do stuff. The first paper looks at how a small one of large animals with thick skin and no hair would jump. It would jump very different than living animals with not thick skin with pieces that come off and have many parts. This is because they have long back parts that would get in the way and so they have to jump different. They could probably jump well, but just very different. The paper has very funny pictures that show this. The paper also has a computer do a pretend living animal with not thick skin with pieces that come off and have many parts, but they do not look at any living animals, just what the computer does. The second paper looks at very big not living animal with not thick skin with pieces that come off and have many parts, that has not real teeth in its mouth and shows that it could not live like some living animals with not thick skin with pieces that come off and have many parts that have very long faces and the bottom part of their mouth is much longer than the top part. They go over water and use their mouth to eat things that live in water. But the not living animal with not thick skin with pieces that come off and have many parts was too big and too bad at flying to do this kind of living.   References: Hellyer-Price, Olivia, Chris Venditti, and Stuart Humphries. "The largest extinct volant bird Pelagornis could not meet the energetic demands of skimming." Royal Society Open Science 13.2 (2026). Charles, James P., Delyle T. Polet, and John R. Hutchinson. "Form–function relationships determining optimal jumping performance in an early bipedal dinosaur." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 23.235 (2026).

Cockroaches are not usually associated with romance. But scientists publishing in the journal Royal Society Open Science have just discovered something surprising - some cockroach couples appear to form exclusive, long-term partnerships. And the way they start that relationship is by eating each other's wings. Researchers already knew that during courtship, Salganea taiwanensis cockroaches sometimes chew off and eat their partner's wings. What they didn't know was whether this strange behaviour had a deeper social purpose. To find out, scientists designed an experiment to test whether the wing-eating ritual might actually help form a pair bond between the insects. In the study, researchers observed two types of cockroach pairs: Couples that had already eaten each other's wings Couples that had not yet performed the ritual Each pair was placed inside a small nest environment, similar to the wooden spaces they inhabit in nature. Then researchers introduced an unfamiliar cockroach into the nest and observed how the pairs reacted. Cockroach couples that had already completed the wing-eating ritual became highly aggressive toward intruders. They rammed into the stranger repeatedly to drive it out of their nest. Across hundreds of recorded attacks, almost none were directed at their partner. By contrast, cockroach pairs that had not yet eaten each other's wings behaved very differently. They were far more passive and rarely defended the nest aggressively. This suggests the wing-eating ritual may act as a kind of biological commitment ceremony, triggering the formation of an exclusive partnership. Pair bonding, forming a long-term relationship with one partner is something scientists often associate with vertebrates like humans, birds, and some mammals. Seeing this kind of selective partnership behaviour in an insect is unusual. The researchers say their work provides the first experimental evidence that insects can form exclusive partnerships using behaviours similar to those seen in animals with much more complex brains. Cockroaches are biparental, meaning both the male and female care for their young. Because their offspring develop slowly, having two committed parents dramatically improves the chances that the young will survive. From an evolutionary perspective, forming a stable partnership makes sense. Studies like this remind us that even insects can have surprisingly complex social behaviours. LISTEN ABOVESee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

The blueprint for your life starts much earlier than you realise - long before you took your first breath, before your heart beat its first beat, before your mum and dad even met.  This is the story of the first 1,000 days of life. From conception to age 2, a window so powerful that scientists now believe it influences our future risk of heart disease, obesity, diabetes, and even how our immune system reacts to the world. In this episode, the world's leading expert on how childhood nutrition and metabolism shape our long-term health, Professor Lucilla Poston, explains how early nutrition may influence appetite, metabolism, and future disease risk.  Lucilla and ZOE's Head Nutritionist, Dr Federica Amati, break down what science says about pregnancy, early feeding and the food children eat, and questions how lifelong health is shaped before a child even chooses their first meal. Lucilla offers practical guidance on what matters most and explains key nutrients to consider. They discuss why regular movement may help support healthy blood sugar levels. They also explain what a balanced diet can look like for parents and young children, why babies should try a wide range of whole foods, and why many packaged baby foods may contain far more sugar than parents expect. What small choices can you make today to help shape a healthier future for you, your children, and your children's children?

Misha Glenny and guests discuss one of the wonders of the natural world. In 1875 in the western Pacific, the crew of HMS Challenger discovered the Mariana Trench which turned out to be deeper than Everest is high, by two kilometres. Trenches like Mariana form when one tectonic plate slips under another and heads down and there are around fifty of them globally. While at one time some thought it was too dark and deep for life there and others wildly imagined monsters, the truth has turned out to be much more surprising. With Heather Stewart, Director of Kelpie Geoscience and Associate Professor at the University of Western AustraliaJon Copley Professor of Ocean Exploration and Science Communication at the University of SouthamptonAnd Alan Jamieson Director of the Deep Sea Research Centre at the University of Western AustraliaProducer: Simon TillotsonReading list:Susan Casey, The Underworld: Journeys to the Depths of the Ocean (Doubleday, 2023) Jon Copley, Deep Sea: 10 Things You Should Know (Orion Books, 2023)Hali Felt, Soundings: The Story of the Remarkable Woman Who Mapped the Ocean Floor (Henry Holt & Co, 2012)M.E. Gerringer, ‘Pseudoliparis swirei: A newly-discovered hadal liparid (Scorpaeniformes: Liparidae) from the Mariana Trench' (Zootaxa 4358 (1), 161-177, 2017)A.J. Jamieson, The Hadal Zone: Life in the Deepest Oceans (Cambridge University Press, 2015)A.J. Jamieson et al., ‘A global assessment of fishes at lower abyssal and upper hadal depths (5000 to 8000 m)' (Deep-Sea Research Part 1. 178: 103642, 2021)A.J. Jamieson et al., ‘Fear and loathing of the deep ocean: Why don't people care about the deep sea?' (ICES Journal of Marine Science. 78: 797-809, 2020)A.J. Jamieson et al., ‘Microplastic and synthetic fibers ingested by deep-sea amphipods in six of the deepest marine environments on Earth' (Royal Society Open Science, 6, 180667, 2019)A.J. Jamieson et al., ‘Bioaccumulation of persistent organic pollutants in the deepest ocean fauna' (Nature Ecology and Evolution. 1, 0051, 2017)V.L. Vescovo et al., ‘Safety and conservation at the deepest place on Earth: A call for prohibiting the deliberate discarding of nondegradable umbilicals from deep-sea exploration vehicles' (Marine Policy. 128, 104463, 2021)J.N.J. Weston et al., ‘New species of Eurythenes from hadal depths of the Mariana Trench, Pacific Ocean (Crustacea: Amphipoda)' (Zootaxa. 4748(1): 163-181, 2020)In Our Time is a BBC Studios ProductionSpanning history, religion, culture, science and philosophy, In Our Time from BBC Radio 4 is essential listening for the intellectually curious. In each episode, host Misha Glenny and expert guests explore the characters, events and discoveries that have shaped our world.

Die Themen in den Wissensnachrichten: +++ Zusammenhang zwischen Intelligenz und Musik liegt wohl an sozioökonomischen Faktoren +++ Grübeln kann helfen, aber auch schaden +++ Wie bei Alkoholsucht Rückfälle schon vorher erkannt werden können +++**********Weiterführende Quellen zu dieser Folge:Musical expertise and cognitive abilities: no advantage for professionals over amateurs, Royal Society Open Science, 21.01.2026Sterblichkeit aufgrund von Krebs geht in nahezu allen Altersgruppen zurück, Destatis, 02.02.2026Gender and anxiety reveal distinct computational sources of underconfidence, Psychological Medicine, 15.01.2026Long-term relapse: markers, mechanisms, and implications for disease management in alcohol use disorder, Frontiers in Public Health, 07.01.2026High-precision tracking of human foragers reveals adaptive social information use in the wild, Science, 29.01.2026Alle Quellen findet ihr hier.**********Ihr könnt uns auch auf diesen Kanälen folgen: TikTok und Instagram .

Die Themen in den Wissensnachrichten: +++ Attraktive Leute verdienen etwas mehr +++ Wie eigennützig KI-Modelle handeln +++ Warum Golfbälle aus dem Loch wieder herausspringen +++ **********Weiterführende Quellen zu dieser Folge:Spontaneous Giving and Calculated Greed in Language Models, arXiv, 29.10.2025Gendered beauty inequalities? A multiverse analysis of physical attractiveness, occupational gender-typicality and earnings in the German labour market, European Sociological Review, 04.05.2025Increasing extreme winds challenge offshore wind energy resilience, Nature Communications, 04.11.2025Multifunctional Fluidic Units for Emergent, Responsive Robotic Behaviors, Advanced Materials,Mechanics of the golf lip out, Royal Society Open Science, 05.11.2025Alle Quellen findet ihr hier.**********Ihr könnt uns auch auf diesen Kanälen folgen: TikTok und Instagram .

In this two-part episode, we delve into the phenomenon of p-hacking. What are the various terms used to describe practices that inflate error rates? How does terminology shape our understanding and bring about change?  What are its necessary and sufficient conditions, and which practices are most common?    Shownotes Simonsohn, U., Nelson, L. D., & Simmons, J. P. (2014). P-curve: a key to the file-drawer. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 143(2), 534. Simmons, J. P., Nelson, L. D., & Simonsohn, U. (2011). False-positive psychology: Undisclosed flexibility in data collection and analysis allows presenting anything as significant. Psychological Science, 22(11), 1359-1366. Stefan, A. M., & Schönbrodt, F. D. (2023). Big little lies: A compendium and simulation of p-hacking strategies. Royal Society Open Science, 10(2), 220346. John, L. K., Loewenstein, G., & Prelec, D. (2012). Measuring the prevalence of questionable research practices with incentives for truth telling. Psychological Science, 23(5), 524-532. Fiedler, K., & Schwarz, N. (2016). Questionable research practices revisited. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 7(1), 45-52.  

Die Themen in den Wissensnachrichten: +++ Spermienvorläufer taugen auch noch nach Weltraumaufenthalt +++ Berliner Dino konnte mit dem Schwanz wedeln +++ Pille wird immer unbeliebter bei jungen Frauen +++**********Weiterführende Quellen zu dieser Folge:Germline transmission of cryopreserved mouse spermatogonial stem cells maintained on the International Space Station/ Stem Cell Reports, 14.08.2025Centres of rotation and osteological constraints on caudal ranges of motion in the sauropod dinosaur Giraffatitan brancai/ Royal Society Open Science, 13.08.2025AOK-Analyse: Bedeutung der Pille als Verhütungsmittel unter jungen Frauen weiter rückläufig/ AOK, 18.08.2025Technical and economic analyses of grid-connected residential PV considering batteries and peer-to-peer energy sharing/ Renewable Energy, 15.10.2025An mRNA-based broad-spectrum antiviral inspired by ISG15 deficiency protects against viral infections in vitro and in vivo/ Science Translational Medicine, 13.08.2025Alle Quellen findet ihr hier.**********Ihr könnt uns auch auf diesen Kanälen folgen: TikTok und Instagram .

Die Themen in den Wissensnachrichten: +++ Der Zuwanderer-Pay-Gap wird in Deutschland langsamer geschlossen als anderswo +++ Im Orionnebel entsteht wohl neues Sonnensystem +++ Gesunde Babys mit drei Elternteilen +++**********Weiterführende Quellen zu dieser Folge:Immigrant–native pay gap driven by lack of access to high-paying jobs, Nature, 16.07.2025Refractory solid condensation detected in an embedded protoplanetary disk, Nature, 16.07.2025Mitochondrial Donation and Preimplantation Genetic Testing for mtDNA Disease, New England Journal of Medicine, 16.07.2025The temporal context of eye contact influences perceptions of communicative intent, Royal Society Open Science, 16.07.2025Did alcohol facilitate the evolution of complex societies?, Humanities & Social Sciences Communications, 14.07.2025Alle Quellen findet ihr hier.**********Ihr könnt uns auch auf diesen Kanälen folgen: TikTok und Instagram .

The gang discusses two papers about the ecology of sauropods. The first paper investigates the biomechanics of the Plateosaurus tail, and the second paper looks at direct evidence of sauropod diet from gut contents. Meanwhile, James “makes it interesting”, Amanda may have recorded on the wrong microphone, Curt makes a bold rebrand, and everyone vaguely remembers “Denver: The Last Dinosaur”.   Up-Goer Five (Curt Edition): The friends talk about two papers that look at animals with along necks from a long time ago that kids love and were in a movie where one of them called Little Foot went to a great low place between big places. The first paper looks at one of the oldest groups of animals with long necks that had really long things coming out of their bottoms. Some animals use these long things to match how heavy and long their necks are, but some use these long things to hit other animals. Since this group did not have a lot of things to hit other animals that may try to eat them, it would make sense that maybe they used their long things off their bottom to do it. They look at other animals from today and the past to see if this animal could use its long thing from its bottom to hit other animals. And they find that it could. The second paper looks at what one of these long neck animals would eat. They find some parts of one of these animals that died when it was eating, and the bits that it ate were still in its body when it died. They find bits and pieces of things that can make their own food, and they also find that the animal was not very good at breaking up its food in its mouth.   References: Poropat, Stephen F., et al. "Fossilized gut contents elucidate the feeding habits of sauropod dinosaurs." Current Biology 35.11 (2025): 2597-2613. Filek, Thomas, et al. "Tail of defence: an almost complete tail skeleton of Plateosaurus (Sauropodomorpha, Late Triassic) reveals possible defence strategies." Royal Society Open Science 12.5 (2025): 250325.

Die Themen in den Wissensnachrichten: +++ Auch Ziegen können selbstlos sein +++ Fast 3000 Jahre alte Maya-Stätte in Guatemala entdeckt +++ Warnung vor Gollumeffekt in der Wissenschaft +++**********Weiterführende Quellen zu dieser Folge:Update ErdeDo goats exhibit prosocial motivation? Insights from a novel food-giving paradigm/ Royal Society Open Science, 21.05.2025Presentan hallazgos sobre nueva ciudad maya “Los Abuelos” y otros tesoros arqueológicos de Uaxactún/ Prensa Libre, 29.05.20205Sodium-air fuel cell for high energy density and low-cost electric power/ Joule, 27.05.2025Attenuation of virulence in Yersinia pestis across three plague pandemics/ Science, 29.05.2025Alle Quellen findet ihr hier.**********Ihr könnt uns auch auf diesen Kanälen folgen: TikTok und Instagram .

Die Themen in den Wissensnachrichten: +++ Vor allem Jüngere zeigen Anzeichen einer Social-Media-Sucht +++ Der Moment, als das U-Boot Titan implodierte +++ Wie Kosmetik auf der Haut die Luft um uns verändert +++ **********Weiterführende Quellen zu dieser Folge:Suchtfaktor Social Media: 15 Prozent der Deutschen sind gefährdet, Informationsdienst WissenschaftShip footage captures sound of Titan sub imploding, BBC 23.5.25Personal care products disrupt the human oxidation field, Science Advances 21.5.25The supergiant amphipod Alicella gigantea may inhabit over half of the world's oceans, Royal Society Open Science, 21.5.25Determination of Jupiter's primordial physical state, Nature Astronomy 20.05.25Alle Quellen findet ihr hier.**********Ihr könnt uns auch auf diesen Kanälen folgen: TikTok und Instagram .

If you've ever had your lunch snatched by a seagull, you're not alone. However, new research published in the journal Royal Society Open Science suggests that your chips might be safer than you think - if there is only one gull hanging around. Scientists have discovered that lone seagulls are far more cautious than those in a group. This behaviour is driven by a trait called neophobia, which means fear of the unknown. In a recent study by researchers at Ghent University, herring gulls were put to the test to see how brave they were when unfamiliar objects were placed near their food. They found that when on their own, the gulls hesitated nearly three times longer to approach food than when they were in a group. Some lone gulls wouldn't go near the food at all. But once in a flock, their confidence soared. The birds not only approached the food faster, they also spent more time hanging around it, even with strange objects nearby. The researchers concluded that being in a group helps gulls feel safer, making them more willing to take risks - like swooping in for your lunch. So, next time you spot a gull eyeing up your snack, count how many friends it has to calculate your risks. A previous study found that gulls prefer food they've seen humans handle, so clutching your sandwich tightly might actually make it more appealing to a gull, and research from the University of Exeter found that gulls take much longer to approach food if they feel watched, so giving a seagull a good hard stare might protect your food for long enough for another bite. LISTEN ABOVESee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Die Themen in den Wissensnachrichten: +++ Verschiedene Hirngröße bei Elefanten sorgt vielleicht für Verhaltensunterschiede +++ Weltweit erste Tripper-Impfung in England +++ Klimawandel lässt Kaspisches Meer stark schrumpfen +++**********Weiterführende Quellen zu dieser Folge:Larger brains and relatively smaller cerebella in Asian elephants compared with African savanna elephants, PNAS Nexus, 20.05.2025World-first gonorrhoea vaccine launched by NHS England as infections soar, BBC, 21.05.2025Rapid decline of Caspian Sea level threatens ecosystem integrity, biodiversity protection, and human infrastructure; Communications Earth & Environment, 10.04.2025A wake-up call: the second Commission on adolescent health, The Lancet, 20.05.2025Early evolvability in arthropod tagmosis exemplified by a new radiodont from the Burgess Shale, Royal Society Open Science, 14.05.2025Alle Quellen findet ihr hier.**********Ihr könnt uns auch auf diesen Kanälen folgen: TikTok und Instagram .

Chimpanzees use medicinal plants for first aid and hygieneResearchers have observed wild chimpanzees seeking out particular plants, including ones known to have medicinal value, and using them to treat wounds on themselves and others. They also used plants to clean themselves after sex and defecation. Elodie Freymann from Oxford University lived with the chimpanzees in Uganda over eight months and published this research in the journal Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution.Why this evolutionary dead end makes understanding extinction even more difficult540 million years ago, there was an explosion of animal diversity called the Cambrian explosion, when nature experimented with, and winnowed many animal forms into just a few. A new discovery of one of the unlucky ones that didn't make it has deepened the mystery of why some went extinct, because despite its strangeness, it shows adaptations common to many of the survivors. Joseph Moysiuk, curator of paleontology and geology at the Manitoba Museum helped identify the fossil, and published on it in Royal Society Open Science A quantum computer demonstrates its worth by solving an impossible puzzleImagine taking a sudoku puzzle, handing bits of it to several people, putting them in separate rooms, and asking them to solve the puzzle. A quantum computer using the weird phenomenon of “entanglement” was able to do something analogous to this, which serves as evidence that it really is exploiting quantum strangeness, and could be used for more practical purposes. David Stephen, a physicist at the quantum computing company Quantinuum, and colleagues from the University of Boulder published on this finding in Physical Review Letters.Roadkill shows that most mammals have fluorescent furA researcher who used a range of mammal and marsupial animals killed by vehicles, has demonstrated that the fur of many of these animals exhibit biofluorescence – the ability to absorb light and re-emit it in different wavelengths. They were able to identify some of the fluorescent chemicals, but don't know why these animals would glow like this. Zoologist Linda Reinhold observed bright colours such as yellow, blue, green and pink on Australian animals like the bandicoot, wallaby, tree-kangaroo, possums and quolls. Their research was published in the journal PLOS One.Science suggests humans are not built for the information ageWe are living in the age of information. In fact, we're drowning in it. Modern technology has put vast amounts of information at our fingertips, and it turns out that science is showing that humans just aren't that good at processing all that data, making us vulnerable to bias, misinformation and manipulation.Producer Amanda Buckiewicz spoke to:Friedrich Götz, an Assistant Professor of Psychology at the University of British Columbia.Vasileia Karasavva, a PhD student in the Department of Psychology at the University of British Columbia.Timothy Caulfield, professor in the Faculty of Law and the School of Public Health at the University of Alberta, and was the Canada Research Chair in Health Law and Policy from 2002 - 2023.Eugina Leung, an assistant professor of marketing at the A.B. Freeman School of Business at Tulane University.Jonathan Kimmelman, a medical ethicist based at McGill University.

Contrairement à ce que l'on pourrait penser, les arbres ne sont pas des êtres solitaires enracinés dans un silence éternel. Bien au contraire. Des recherches récentes révèlent que les arbres, notamment les plus anciens, communiquent entre eux à travers un réseau subtil de signaux bioélectriques. Et ils ne parlent pas pour ne rien dire : ils transmettent des informations cruciales, notamment aux plus jeunes, pour leur survie.Une étude internationale fascinante, publiée en mai 2025 dans la revue Royal Society Open Science, a mis en lumière ce phénomène en étudiant une forêt de bouleaux dans les Dolomites. Conduite par des chercheurs de la Southern Cross University (Australie) et de l'Institut italien de technologie (IIT), cette étude montre que les arbres utilisent leur système électromagnétique pour se prévenir mutuellement en cas de danger environnemental, comme une éclipse solaire.Lorsqu'une éclipse se prépare, les arbres les plus âgés sont les premiers à détecter la perturbation lumineuse à venir. Avant même que l'événement ne survienne, ils envoient des signaux bioélectriques à travers la forêt. Grâce à un réseau de capteurs de faible puissance, les scientifiques ont pu observer que ces signaux déclenchent une réponse anticipée chez les arbres plus jeunes. La forêt agit alors comme un système coordonné, capable de se préparer collectivement à l'événement.Mais pourquoi une telle réaction face à une éclipse ? Parce que les arbres dépendent étroitement du cycle jour-nuit pour leurs fonctions vitales : régulation de l'eau, photosynthèse, transport des nutriments… Une baisse soudaine de lumière peut les désorienter et nuire à leur équilibre. En se mettant collectivement « en veille » au bon moment, les arbres minimisent le stress subi. C'est une stratégie adaptative invisible mais puissante.Pour les chercheurs, ce sont les vieux arbres qui jouent un rôle central dans cette communication forestière. Monica Gagliano, biologiste à l'Université de Californie du Sud, souligne que ces anciens arbres « servent de mémoire écologique », transmettant aux jeunes générations des signaux fondés sur leur expérience passée. Une forme d'intelligence végétale collective, ancrée dans l'âge et la mémoire.Cette découverte a des implications profondes : protéger les vieux arbres, c'est préserver la capacité des forêts à se défendre, à s'adapter et à enseigner. Car oui, dans le langage silencieux des forêts, les anciens murmurent à l'oreille des jeunes : « Prépare-toi. J'ai déjà vécu cela. Voici comment survivre. » Hébergé par Acast. Visitez acast.com/privacy pour plus d'informations.

Die Themen in den Wissensnachrichten +++ Nicht nur Katzen, auch Hunde sind eine Belastung für die Natur +++ UK-Bürgerrechtsorganisation kritisiert Entwicklung von Mordvorhersage-Tool +++ Vor allem Frauen finden aufgepolsterte Lippen schön +++**********Weiterführende Quellen zu dieser Folge:Bad dog? The environmental effects of owned dogs. Pacific Conservation Biology, 10.04.2025UK: Ministry of Justice secretly developing ‘murder prediction' system. Bericht der Bürgerrechtsorganisation Statewatch, 08.04.2025Distortions of lip size bias perceived facial attractiveness. Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 09.04.2025Raising the Bar. Briefing Paper von Oxfam, 10.04.2025Hiding in plain sight: the biomolecular identification of pinniped use in medieval manuscripts. Royal Society Open Science, 09.04.2025**********Ihr könnt uns auch auf diesen Kanälen folgen: TikTok und Instagram .

Have you ever wondered whether people with big feet just have larger versions of the same foot structure as those with smaller feet? New research published in Royal Society Open Science took a deep dive into how human feet change shape with size, and the results were surprising. The researchers studied the two largest bones in the human foot, the talus (which connects the foot to the leg) and the calcaneus (better known as the heel bone). They gathered 3D computed tomography (CT) scans from 36 adults, covering a range of foot sizes. Then, they used advanced statistical modelling to examine how these bones' shapes and surfaces scaled with size. If big feet were just larger versions of small feet, their bones would scale isometrically, meaning that all dimensions would grow at the same rate. However, if the bones changed shape as they got bigger, they would be scaling allometrically, adapting their proportions to accommodate different stresses and forces. The results showed that while the talus scaled pretty much as expected (meaning it grew proportionally in all directions), the calcaneus did something different. Instead of just getting larger, it became more cube-like as foot size increased. The researchers found that as the heel bone got bigger, it became taller, wider, and shorter in length relative to its size. This means that big feet are not just enlarged copies of small feet, their bones actually shift in shape to better handle stress and pressure. Interestingly, the joint surfaces of the calcaneus, where it connects with other bones, grew at a faster rate than the rest of the bone. This suggests that larger feet need bigger contact areas at the joints to distribute pressure more effectively, reducing stress and potential injury. Understanding how foot bones scale can have major implications for medicine, biomechanics, and even footwear design. Next time you look at your feet, or someone else's, you can appreciate that they might be very different to your own. LISTEN ABOVESee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Something for the weekend? We don't just have sex to reproduce - new research suggests that using sex to manage social tension could be a trait that existed in the common ancestor of humans and apes six million years ago. Photo credit Bisengo 2, Adolescent male bonobo at Lola ya Bonobo Sanctuary, DR Congo, Zanna Clay/ Lola ya Bonobo Humans share this behavioural strategy with our closest living ape relatives - bonobos and chimpanzees. Now researchers, led by Durham University, UK, have undertaken what is thought to be one of the first direct comparisons of sexual behaviour amongst bonobos and chimpanzees during periods of social stress. Their findings, published in the journal Royal Society Open Science, could give us new insights into humans' own behavioural origins. Bonobos and chimps offer clues regarding sex for social purposes The least studied of the apes, the bonobos, are known to regularly use sex to resolve disputes and repair social bonds. By comparison, the role of sex in chimpanzee society has been less well understood. The team observed sexual contact within sanctuary-living bonobos and chimpanzees during two stressful periods; following naturally-occurring social conflicts and prior to feeding. By comparing both apes living in similar environments, the researchers could understand if using sex to ease social tension is a common behavioural trait between the two sister species. The findings showed that both bonobos and chimpanzees used sex in similar ways to ease tension and reaffirm social bonds prior to feeding, when competition and power differences can provoke disagreement. However, bonobos also often had sex more after fights to repair social relations, whilst in these circumstances, chimpanzees were more likely to use other social behaviours, with clearer signals, to provide comfort and restore relations. The researchers say the fact that both bonobos and chimpanzees have sex to ease social tension supports the idea that using sex for social purposes was already present in the last common ancestor they share with humans, dating back over six million years. Human sex is not only for reproduction, and the same seems to be the case for our relatives too, as well as other animals. While age did not influence the use of sex to reconcile after fights amongst either bonobos or chimpanzees, the researchers saw that prior to feeding it was the older apes in both species who were more likely to initiate sex, indicating that this could be a learned behaviour, passed down over time. Lead author Jake Brooker, a postdoctoral researcher in the Department of Psychology, Durham University, said: "This is a first direct comparison of sexual behaviour in bonobos and chimpanzees, two of our closest cousins. "Whilst bonobos, who are famously hypersexual, were more likely to engage in so-called 'make up sex' after periods of conflict, we found that chimpanzees, who some view as our more aggressive cousin, also use sex to ease tensions in many circumstances. "Chimpanzees are known to have a wider repertoire of reassurance behaviours, including body kissing, but sex still constituted a sizeable portion of how they reconciled with each other and their stress-management behaviour. "The fact that both species use sex in this way provides a fascinating window back in time, further evidencing that for humans, bonobos and chimpanzees, our use of sex for social reasons is something we have inherited from our common ancestor." The study took place at two African great ape sanctuaries: Lola ya Bonobo Sanctuary in the Democratic Republic of Congo, and Chimfunshi Wildlife Orphanage Trust in Zambia. In total over 1,400 hours of observations were taken involving 53 bonobos and 75 chimpanzees, across seven months in 2019. Amongst the observations made by the researchers it was noted that female bonobos and male chimpanzees were more likely to initiate sex prior to feeding, but in both species, sex occurred in both hetero and homosexual combin...

Die Themen in den Wissensnachrichten: +++ In europäischen Ländern gibt es mehr Geschlechtskrankheits-Fälle +++ Weltweiter Temperaturanstieg 2024 war ziemlich sicher keine Ausnahme +++ Mensch hat Schädelform von Hausschweinen verändert +++**********Weiterführende Quellen zu dieser Folge:STI cases continue to rise across Europe, ECDC, 10.02.2025A year above 1.5 °C signals that Earth is most probably within the 20-year period that will reach the Paris Agreement limit, Nature Climate Change, 10.02.2025Roma Eterna? Roman rule explains regional well-being divides in Germany, Current Research in Ecological and Social Psychology, Vol. 8, 2025Vergütung im deutschen Markt für Musikstreaming, Forschungsnetzwerk Digitale Kultur, 2025Evolution under intensive industrial breeding: skull size and shape comparison between historic and modern pig lineages, Royal Society Open Science, 05.02.2025Alle Quellen findet ihr hier.**********Ihr könnt uns auch auf diesen Kanälen folgen: TikTok auf&ab , TikTok wie_geht und Instagram .

In this week's episode, we discuss the relationship between infectious and chronic disease, and between germ theory and terrain theory of disease. Pathogens are real, and exogenous treatments like antibiotics can kill them. The health of the body is affected by diet, exercise, stress, and the microbiome, all of which can affect how susceptible a person is to getting sick from pathogens. We discuss gastric ulcers, Covid-19, pneumococcal disease, and comorbidities. Also: how do traditional vs modern diets affect the health, dental and otherwise, of people? Why do pre-industrial people not get cavities, or need orthodontia? Why do squirrels fed by humans develop similarly malformed skulls as babies fed modern diets? Finally: do we have a responsibility to point out the carnage that will result as the Trump administration goes after decades of entrenched interests?*****Our sponsors:Caraway: Non-toxic, beautiful, light ceramic cookware. Save $150 on a cookware set over buying individual pieces, and get 10% off your order at http://carawayhome.com/DarkHorse.Manukora: the most flavorful, delicious, and nutritious honey you'll ever have. Get $25 off your starter kit at http://www.Manukora.com/DarkHorseARMRA Colostrum is an ancient bioactive whole food that can strengthen your immune system. Go to http://www.tryarmra.com/DARKHORSE to get 15% off your first order.Mentioned in this episode:*****Join us on Locals! Get access to our Discord server, exclusive live streams, live chats for all streams, and early access to many podcasts: https://darkhorse.locals.comHeather's newsletter, Natural Selections (subscribe to get free weekly essays in your inbox): https://naturalselections.substack.comOur book, A Hunter-Gatherer's Guide to the 21st Century, is available everywhere books are sold, including from Amazon: https://amzn.to/3AGANGg (commission earned)Check out our store! Epic tabby, digital book burning, saddle up the dire wolves, and more: https://darkhorsestore.org*****Mentioned in this episode:RFK Jr on chronic and infectious disease: https://x.com/ChildrensHD/status/1885018213701800387RFK Jr on The Real Anthony Fauci: https://amzn.to/40INnxF (commission earned)Marshall et al 1985. Attempt to fulfil Koch's postulates for pyloric Campylobacter. Med J Aust. 142:436–9:https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1985.tb113443.xEvolutionary Lens Livestream #88 – w discussion of Covid x comorbidities: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KSWu6DUFFt4&t=337sHanada et al 2021. Multiple comorbidities increase the risk of death from invasive pneumococcal disease under the age of 65 years. Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy, 27(9): 1311-1318: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1341321X21001252Nutrition and Physical Degeneration, by Weston Price (1939): https://amzn.to/4jXciXl (commission earned)Chandler et al 2025. Morphological change in an isolated population of red squirrels (Sciurus vulgaris) in Britain. Royal Society Open Science, 12(1): 240555.https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsos.240555Support the show

Die Themen in den Wissensnachrichten: +++ Bei einsamen Menschen sind bestimmte Proteine erhöht +++ Buckelwalmännchen pflanzen sich sehr selten fort +++ Humanes Metapneumovirus weder unbekannt noch besonders gefährlich +++**********Weiterführende Quellen zu dieser Folge:Plasma proteomic signatures of social isolation and loneliness associated with morbidity and mortality, Nature Human Behaviour, 03.01.2025Patterns of paternity: insights into mating competition and gene flow in a recovering population of humpback whales, Royal Society Open Science, 08.01.2025Trends of acute respiratory infection, including human metapneumovirus, in the Northern Hemisphere, World Health Organization, 07.01.2025Wasseratlas 2025: Daten und Fakten über die Grundlage allen Lebens, BUND, 08.01.2025Repetitive injury induces phenotypes associated with Alzheimer's disease by reactivating HSV-1 in a human brain tissue model, Science Signaling, 07.01.2025Alle Quellen findet ihr hier.**********Ihr könnt uns auch auf diesen Kanälen folgen: TikTok auf&ab , TikTok wie_geht und Instagram .

Blood drinking bats can suck energy out of their protein-rich mealsVampire bats are famous for exclusively drinking blood, but they're also surprisingly good runners. And part of why that's surprising is that blood contains very little carbohydrates or fat, which most other mammals rely on for fuel. So Kenneth Welch and Giulia Rossi at University of Toronto Scarborough ran bats on a specially-designed treadmill to find out more. They discovered that the bats can almost instantly convert the amino acids in their blood meals into usable energy. The research was published in the journal Biology Letters.Canada's most prestigious science prize goes to garbage scienceDr. Kerry Rowe of Queen's University's Civil Engineering Department has been awarded this year's Herzberg Canada Gold Medal for Science and Engineering for his critical work in designing landfills that have to contain our waste and pollutants for generations.UK sugar rationing in the 1950s led to lower risks of illness late in lifeSugar was rationed in the UK from 1940 to 1953 due to the war and postwar austerity, and so was consumed at about the level nutritionists now recommend. Dr. Claire Boone from McGill University was part of a new study published in the journal Science which found that the limited sugar intake by people in the UK during pregnancy and the first couple of years of life resulted in significant decreases in diabetes and hypertension.Reinventing the wheel to understand how the wheel was first inventedThe invention of the wheel is a milestone in human technological evolution, but it's not clear how it happened. A new study combines design science and computational mechanics to virtually re-invent the wheel and understand the developments that could have led to the creation of the first wheel-and-axle system. The research, led by Kai James from Georgia Institute of Technology, adds support to the theory that the wheel was likely first invented by Neolithic copper miners in around 3900 BC. The research was published in the journal Royal Society Open Science.Can high tech fishing gear limit losses of endangered whales?The endangered North Atlantic Right Whale has had a long and rocky road to recovery after the depredations of commercial whaling. One of the major threats to the species today is fishing line entanglements. In a documentary, producer Sonya Buyting explores how researchers, like Sean Brillant from the Canadian Wildlife Federation, and fishers, like Greg Beckerton in New Brunswick, are trialing high-tech ropeless fishing gear to save the whales while still preserving the fishers' livelihoods. 

While it might seem really traditional, heading to the cinema to watch a movie for a first date could be a really great way to get to know a stranger, according to new research out this week. The study published in the journal Royal Society Open Science found that laughing during a comedy or crying together over a sad film was powerful in strengthening social bonds. The study took pairs of strangers and measured their emotional and physiological responses as they watched emotionally charged videos together. In addition to asking the participants to rate their emotional experiences they also measured their heart activity with an electrocardiogram, their respiratory activity and their skin conductance. They found: Positive Emotions Foster Connection Participants who watched positive videos felt a stronger sense of connection and social identification with each other, suggesting that positive emotions enhance feelings of mutual understanding and affiliation. Impact of Negative Emotions Even with negative emotional videos, an increase in positive feelings during the experience correlated with greater bonding. This suggests that while negative emotions capture attention, it's positive emotional responses that most reliably foster connection. Joint Attention Matters Watching the same video with a shared focus boosted prosocial attitudes and feelings of connection, especially in highly emotional contexts. This shared attention helped participants feel more connected, highlighting the power of collective emotional experiences. Physiological Synchrony Enhances Bonding The study also found that participants' physiological responses, such as heart rate and respiratory patterns, tended to synchronize during emotionally intense videos. This alignment was linked to a stronger sense of connection between individuals. The study illustrates that both positive and negative emotions can enhance social bonds, with positive emotions being particularly influential in creating a sense of connectedness. Shared attention and synchronised physiological responses amplify these effects, making emotionally charged experiences powerful catalysts for social bonding. So if you have a first date scheduled for this weekend - find a comedy and head to the movies to test how well you bond with your date. LISTEN ABOVESee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Die Themen in den Wissensnachrichten: +++ Bisher größte Primzahl hat 41 Millionen Stellen +++ **********Weiterführende Quellen zu dieser Folge:GIMPS Discovers Largest Known Prime Number: 2136,279,841-1/ Great Internet Mersenne Prime Search, Oktober 2024The spatiotemporal dynamics of bottom-up and top-down processing during at-a-glance reading/ JNeurosci, 17.10.2024Language at a glance: How our brains grasp linguistic structure from parallel visual input/ Science Advances, 23.10.2024Reconstructing the invention of the wheel using computational structural analysis and design/ Royal Society Open Science, 23.10.2024Increased pathogen exposure of a marine apex predator over three decades/ Plos One, 23.10.2024Alle Quellen findet ihr hier.**********Ihr könnt uns auch auf diesen Kanälen folgen: TikTok auf&ab , TikTok wie_geht und Instagram .

The next time you head to the zoo and see an elephant, look closely at its trunk, you might be able to tell if it's a "lefty" or a "righty" based on its whiskers and wrinkles. A study published in the journal Royal Society Open Science offers a clever way to identify an elephant's preferred "handedness" by examining the wrinkles and whiskers on its trunk. Just as humans tend to favour one hand, elephants often prefer to bend their trunks either to the left or right when grabbing objects like fruit. This preference, known as "trunkedness," leaves two tell-tale signs: 1 - Whiskers on the side opposite the curl become shorter and sparser from constant contact with the ground. 2 - The skin on the curled-in side develops more wrinkles over time. The study closely analysed the skin wrinkles formed on the trunks of both living and deceased zoo elephants. They found that trunk wrinkles start forming in utero and double about every 20 days during an early phase of rapid development. Like humans, elephants accumulate more wrinkles as they age. For example, new-born elephants have an average of 87 wrinkles, while older elephants sport around 109. Elephant trunks are extraordinary, and attract the attention of researchers in fields like soft robotics as trunks function as muscular hydrostats - meaning they have no bones, but are made up of an intricate network of 46,00 muscles. In comparison, the human body has just 600 to 700 muscles. While a trunk's flexibility is remarkable, its thick outer skin also plays a crucial role. Surprisingly, this skin on the trunk of an elephant is stretchier on the upper surface than on the underside, which allows for the delicate manoeuvres elephants are known for, like peeling a banana or picking up a tortilla chip without breaking it. But these wrinkles are more than just signs of aging - they are essential to an elephant's survival. They help protect the flexible trunk and aid in gripping heavy objects. The combination of flexibility, strength, and unique skin characteristics makes the elephant trunk highly unique in nature and a source of valuable insight for robotics and other fields. LISTEN ABOVESee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Die Themen in den Wissensnachrichten: +++ Living Planet Report: Dramatischer Rückgang bei Wildtieren +++ EU lässt Einsamkeit erforschen +++ Auch bei Elefanten gibt es Rechts- und Linkshänder +++**********Weiterführende Quellen zu dieser Folge:Living Planet Report 2024, WWF, 10.10. 2024Gemeinsam gegen die Einsamkeit, RUB, 09.10. 2024Elephants develop wrinkles through both form and function, Royal Society Open Science, 09.10.2024Vogel des Jahres 2025, Nabu, 10.10.2024Wissen der Vielen – Forschungspreis: Preisträger*innen 2024, mitforschen.org, 09.10. 2024Alle Quellen findet ihr hier.**********Ihr könnt uns auch auf diesen Kanälen folgen: Tiktok und Instagram.

Hurricane Helene's killed hundreds, but the true death toll could end up in the thousandsHurricanes and tropical storms in the US kill about 24 people directly, but a new study looking at “excess deaths” suggests that in the affected areas the mortality rate is elevated for about 15 years. Rachel Young, a postdoctoral researcher from UC Berkeley, analyzed the long tail of these storms from 1930-2015. She found the true death toll ranges from 7,000 to 11,000 per storm. Her team suspects many factors feed into the excess deaths, including how rebuilding costs could impact funds for future medical care, damage to local health systems and exposure to pollution during the storm. Their study is in the journal Nature. A new NASA mission will search for signs of life on a Jovian ice moonNext week NASA hopes to launch a major mission to one of Jupiter's most fascinating moons. The Europa Clipper will visit the ice moon Europa, whose icy shell is thought to cover an ocean that could contain twice the water that's in all of Earth's oceans. The fascination with Europa is based on the idea that water is an essential ingredient for life. As a result, Europa could be one of the most promising places in our solar system for life to exist. We talk about the upcoming mission with Cynthia Phillips, the Project Staff Scientist and Planetary Geologist at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory.Tarantulas' creepy hair is likely a defence against predatory army antsYou would think that a venomous spider the size of your fist wouldn't have too many natural enemies. But Dr. Alireza Zamani from the University of Turku, Finland says it's the arachnid's fuzz, rather than its bite, which discourages predatory army ants. A new study in the Journal of Natural History suggests the tarantula's barbed hairs keep the ants from being able to attack the spiders, and also protects their eggs, which the arachnids coat in a generous helping of hair.Whales use underwater bubble blowing in sophisticated ways to trap preyScientists have long known that humpback whales use bubbles to corral and concentrate krill and small fish to feed on. But new underwater cameras and airborne drones have provided an unprecedented view of how this is done, revealing how the whales use complex patterns of bubbles in different ways depending on the prey. Andy Szabo, a Canadian whale biologist and executive director of the Alaska Whale Foundation, said the humpbacks' bubble-nets result in a sevenfold increase in the amount of krill they gulp up per lunge. The study was published in Royal Society Open Science. The Bomb Doctor: after the explosion this investigator seeks out evidence in the rubbleExplosive attacks often leave behind tragedy, carnage and chaos. But in the rubble is evidence that could provide vital clues for bomb forensic investigators. Kirk Yeager, the FBI's chief explosives scientist, describes his work at crime scenes as “walking into hell blindfolded.” In his new book, called The Bomb Doctor: A Scientist's Story of Bombers, Beakers, and Bloodhounds, he explains how he and his colleagues tease out evidence from the scorched and smouldering aftermath of an attack.

Die Themen in den Wissensnachrichten: +++ Stellen Buckelwale ihr eigenes Jagdwerkzeug her? +++ Wippen und Hüpfen bringen uns in gemeinsamen Takt +++ Wendepunkte machen Geschichten erfolgreich +++**********Weiterführende Quellen zu dieser Folge:Solitary humpback whales manufacture bubble-nets as tools to increase prey intake/ Royal Society Open Science, 21.08.2024The geometry of interpersonal synchrony in human dance/ Cell, 21.06.2024Narrative reversals and story success/ Science Advances, 21.08.2024Zahl der Pendlerinnen und Pendler gestiegen/ Bundesinstitut für Bau-, Stadt- und Raumforschung, 22.08.2024Extreme erosion and bulking in a giant submarine gravity flow/ Science Advances, 21.08.2024Alle Quellen findet ihr hier.**********Ihr könnt uns auch auf diesen Kanälen folgen: Tiktok und Instagram.

The gang discusses two papers that look at the shark fossil record. The first paper looks into the completeness of the record, and the second paper discusses the ecological implications of an exceptionally preserved specimen. Meanwhile, James has ideas of what is normal, Curt has a hard out, and Amanda shows her specific history interests.   Up-Goer Five (Curt Edition): The friends talk about two papers that look at animals with lots of soft parts that move through the water and have lots and lots of teeth. The first paper is looking at how well we know these animals in the past, since most of the time we may only know them by their teeth. They do a lot of things to see how much of the animals we have at any time. What they find is that, most of the time, we do not have many parts of these animals. However, there are some times in the past when we do see more parts that are not just teeth, so there might be times in the past that were better and making sure the soft parts were able to stick around and be found later. But most of the time, we really only have teeth or a few other parts, and that this makes these animals different from most other animals that are close to them and that makes sense because the rest of these animals have hard parts where these animals have soft parts. The second paper looks at one of these animals with soft parts where those soft parts were found today. This is the first time this type of animal has been found with its soft parts. Most of the time, we just find the teeth, which look like they were good at breaking hard things. With the soft parts, we can get an idea of how it would move through the water and if it was slow or fast. We can also find out what its brothers and sisters were. What they find is that the soft parts show that this animal looked like a lot of the animals in this group we see today that are not breaking hard things but are catching fast moving food in the water. This is not something we would think would happen, because today animals that have teeth like the ones this animal had don't need to move very fast to catch their food. This shows that this animal was doing something that we don't see today. This might be because there were lots of animals with hard parts on the outside that were moving in the water really fast at that time, which this one animal would have tried to catch for food.   References: Schnetz, Lisa, et al. "The skeletal completeness of the Palaeozoic chondrichthyan fossil record." Royal Society Open Science 11.1 (2024): 231451. Vullo, Romain, et al. "Exceptionally preserved shark fossils from Mexico elucidate the long-standing enigma of the Cretaceous elasmobranch Ptychodus." Proceedings of the Royal Society B 291.2021 (2024): 20240262.

Atlantic ocean circulation edging closer to potentially catastrophic climate tipping pointThe stability of much of the world's climate depends on ocean currents in the Atlantic that bring warm water from the tropics north and send cool water south. New research in the journal Science Advances confirms what scientists have long feared: that we are on course to this tipping point that could cut off this important circulation pattern, with severe consequences. René van Westen from Utrecht University, said if we reach this critical threshold, it could plunge Europe into a deep freeze, disrupt rains in India, South America and Africa, and lead to even more sea level rise along the eastern North American coast — all within 100 years.Humpback whales look for quiet corners to broadcast their breeding songsScientists wanted to know why the thousands of humpback whales in Hawaii for breeding season move closer to shore to sing their choruses at night. Anke Kuegler, a marine biologist at Syracuse University, tracked whales to get a better understanding of their daily movement patterns. She found that during the day, they take their songs offshore, likely to ensure potential mates or other male competitors can hear their songs in the crowded underwater environment. Their research was published in the journal Royal Society Open Science.A tiny marsupial sacrifices everything — including sleep and life itself — for loveThe Antechinus, a small mouse-like marsupial that is native to Australia, has a short, frenzied, three week-long annual breeding season, after which the males drop dead. A new study, led by Erika Zaid at La Trobe University, shows the males will sacrifice a significant amount of sleep to ensure they don't miss out on their one shot at reproductive success. The researchers don't believe the sleep loss leads to their demise—in fact, they show very little signs of exhaustion despite losing out on so many zzz's.How to encourage climate action without bumming people outIn a global study involving almost 60,000 participants in 63 countries, behavioural psychologists compared 11 different ways of talking about climate change to see which one encouraged the most action. Madalina Vlasceanu and her team at New York University found that, unsurprisingly, the results varied widely depending on demographics. Some of the more successful interventions tested include writing a letter to future generations, showing examples of past effective collective action, and emphasizing scientific consensus on the causes of climate change.Saturn's ‘death star' moon could have the water of lifeLiquid water has been found in what astronomers say is the solar system's most unlikely place Saturn's moon Mimas is a small body with an irregular orbit, best known for its resemblance to the Death Star in the Star Wars movies. A new study in the journal Nature, led by astronomer Valery Lainey, suggests it has a liquid layer of water beneath its frozen surface, which may mean life-sustaining water is far more common in the solar system than we thought. Moths aren't drawn to the flame - they're just really confused by themA new study suggests that insects flit around artificial light at night because they are confused, not because of a fatal attraction. Sam Fabian and Yash Sondhi used motion capture and high speed imagery to understand insects' flight patterns, and found that they always turned their backs to the light, which leaves them trapped in a spiral around the source. This suggests the insects are mistaking the lights for the sky, which normally helps tell them which way is up.

In today's episode, we continue our conversation about preregistration. How flexible can we be when we preregister, without increasing flexibility in our analysis? How well do people preregister, and what does a good preregistration look like? And how do we deal with deviations from preregistrations?   Shownotes   Dubin, R. (1969). Theory building. Free Press. His full quote is: "There is no more devastating commendation that the self-designated theorist makes of the researcher than to label his work purely descriptive".  Claesen, A., Gomes, S., Tuerlinckx, F., & Vanpaemel, W. (2021). Comparing dream to reality: An assessment of adherence of the first generation of preregistered studies. Royal Society Open Science, 8(10), 211037. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.211037 Akker, O. van den, Bakker, M., Assen, M. A. L. M. van, Pennington, C. R., Verweij, L., Elsherif, M., Claesen, A., Gaillard, S. D. M., Yeung, S. K., Frankenberger, J.-L., Krautter, K., Cockcroft, J. P., Kreuer, K. S., Evans, T. R., Heppel, F., Schoch, S. F., Korbmacher, M., Yamada, Y., Albayrak-Aydemir, N., … Wicherts, J. (2023). The effectiveness of preregistration in psychology: Assessing preregistration strictness and preregistration-study consistency. MetaArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31222/osf.io/h8xjw Sequential analysis and alpha spending functions https://lakens.github.io/statistical_inferences/10-sequential.html  Bishop, D. V. M. (2018). Fallibility in Science: Responding to Errors in the Work of Oneself and Others. Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science, 2515245918776632. https://doi.org/10.1177/2515245918776632 FDAAA Trial Tracker https://fdaaa.trialstracker.net  Ensinck, E., & Lakens, D. (2023). An Inception Cohort Study Quantifying How Many Registered Studies are Published. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/5hkjz Quantitude episode on preregistration https://quantitudepod.org/s3e07-in-defense-of-researcher-degrees-of-freedom/  Lakens, D. (2023). When and How to Deviate from a Preregistration. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/ha29k   

In this two part episode we discuss the fine art of preregistration. We go back into the history of preregistration, its evolution, and current use. Do we preregister to control the Type 1 error rate, or to show that we derived our prediction from theory a priori? Can and should we preregister exploratory or secondary data analysis? And how severe is the issue of severe testing?   Shownotes ClinicalTrials.gov You can preregister on AsPredicted and the OSF Johnson, M. (1975). Models of Control and Control of Bias. European Journal of Parapsychology, 36–44. SPIRIT Checklist Bishop, D. V. M. (2018). Fallibility in Science: Responding to Errors in the Work of Oneself and Others. Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science, 1(3), 432–438. https://doi.org/10.1177/2515245918776632 FDA trials tracker: https://fdaaa.trialstracker.net  Ensinck, E., & Lakens, D. (2023). An Inception Cohort Study Quantifying How Many Registered Studies are Published. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/5hkjz van den Akker, O. R., van Assen, M. A. L. M., Enting, M., de Jonge, M., Ong, H. H., Rüffer, F., Schoenmakers, M., Stoevenbelt, A. H., Wicherts, J. M., & Bakker, M. (2023). Selective Hypothesis Reporting in Psychology: Comparing Preregistrations and Corresponding Publications. Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science, 6(3), 25152459231187988. https://doi.org/10.1177/25152459231187988 Claesen, A., Gomes, S., Tuerlinckx, F., & Vanpaemel, W. (2021). Comparing dream to reality: An assessment of adherence of the first generation of preregistered studies. Royal Society Open Science, 8(10), 211037. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.211037 Bakan, D. (1966). The test of significance in psychological research. Psychological Bulletin, 66(6), 423–437. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0020412 Rosenthal, R. (1966). Experimenter effects in behavioral research. Appleton-Century-Crofts. Johnson, M. (1975). Models of Control and Control of Bias. European Journal of Parapsychology, 36–44. de Groot, A. D. (1969). Methodology. Mouton & Co. Claesen, A., Lakens, D., Vanpaemel, W., & Dongen, N. van. (2022). Severity and Crises in Science: Are We Getting It Right When We're Right and Wrong When We're Wrong? PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/ekhc8  

In her own words: “Hi! I'm Kalyani, a freelance photographer, biologist and wildlife filmmaker, born and raised in the city of Leicester, what felt like miles away from the countryside and the outdoors.  With no role-models or influences in my life to steer me to the natural world, it's a mystery to my whole family how I ended up loving the outdoors and everything in it, but somehow I did.  My love for nature fuelled me to pursue a BSc at the Royal Veterinary College where I studied a whole range of aspects of animal biology; from anatomy and physiology to behaviour and evolution. My research into kangaroo biomechanics and limb bone scaling was part of a paper published in the Royal Society Open Science in 2018. I then completed my MSc at Imperial College London, where I fell in love with science communication and story telling. I first picked up a camera at 19 years old when my parents sent me to live in an ashram for 6 months (of course, as a teenager, I wasn't too thrilled at the prospect initially) and that's how I accidentally got into, and got hooked on, photography. I am self-taught and now specialise in travel and wildlife photography. I love exploring the world, often travelling solo, and learning about different cultures beyond stereotypes. Having Indian heritage, I have a deep understanding of the need to look beyond imperialist and colonialist generalisations and I am able to truly connect with people around the world. As a biologist, there's something so incredibly special about seeing the most breathtaking animals in their natural habitat and experiencing the sheer magnitude and magic of the world around us. I have been fortunate enough to have been to the Kumbh Mela, the largest gathering of people on Earth, the forests of Finland to photograph brown bears and the depths of the South African ocean, surrounded by thousands of hammerhead sharks. My photography work has been featured by UNICEF and the BBC and I have had the opportunity to have worked for Parmarth Niketan Ashram and Light for the World. I have also had footage featured on BBC AutumnWatch and one of my photographs was selected for the long list of the Natural History Museum's Wildlife Photographer of the Year competition. I work full time as a freelancer on science and wildlife documentaries, where I am currently working as a researcher for the BBC's Natural History Unit on a landmark natural history series for National Geographic.” *** New episodes of the Tough Girl Podcast go live every Tuesday at 7am UK time - Hit the subscribe button so you don't miss out.  You can support the mission to increase the amount of female role models in the media. Visit www.patreon.com/toughgirlpodcast Thank you. *** Show notes Who is Kalyani Her love for the outdoors and nature Wanting to be a vet when she was younger Being sent to India by her parents Accidentally getting into photography What did her daily life look like in the Ashram The moment when it all came together for her and started to enjoy taking photos Going back home and doing a 3-year science degree Still unsure what she wanted to do Getting her Master's at Imperial Science Media Production Working in a restaurant How did she get her first job in The Great British Bake Off Starting out as a runner and what she does Taking every opportunity that is given to her How does she cope with the stress Her trips to other countries and what was it like for her Her main job as a wildlife filmmaker Working on a big series for National Geographic Interesting place in Africa called Mauritania Doing a shoot for three and a half weeks with a small crew Why she's less tired than many others and her exhaustion-coping advice Biggest challenges she's faced and had to deal with Kalyani's trip to Iceland and why it was one of the best wildlife moments for her Taking a trip to Finland for her birthday Diving in the South African ocean with the hammerhead sharks Climate change and figuring out shoot dates The reality of nature Where to find more information about Kalyani Top tips and advice   Social Media Website: www.kalyanilodhia.com Instagram: @kalyanilodhia  Twitter: @kalyanilodhia  

In this 183rd in a series of live discussions with Bret Weinstein and Heather Heying (both PhDs in Biology), we discuss the state of the world through an evolutionary lens. In this episode we discuss the predictable descent of the West into a tribal battle over resources, following from the corrupt rent-seeking elites' destruction of the system of competence and merit which fueled the boom of the 20th century. More specifically, we discuss FreedomFest, libertarians and liberty, RFK Jr. and his free market solution to pollution; also: race, sex, genocide, and rape. And: a man cheats two ways to take home a medal in a race for disabled women. Finally: saber-toothed anchovies. ***** Our sponsors: Sole: Carefully designed, personally moldable footbeds for healthy feet. Go to https://yoursole.com/darkhorse to receive 50% off any pair of Sole footbeds.  Sundays: Dog food so tasty and healthy, even husbands swear by it. Go to www.sundaysfordogs.com/DARKHORSE to receive 35% off your first order. Seed: Start a new healthy habit today with Seed probiotics. Use code darkhorse at https://seed.com/darkhorse to get 25% off your first month of Seed's DS-01® Daily Synbiotic. ***** Our book, A Hunter-Gatherer's Guide to the 21st Century, is available everywhere books are sold, including from Amazon: https://a.co/d/dunx3at Check out our store! Epic tabby, digital book burning, saddle up the dire wolves, and more: https://darkhorsestore.org Heather's newsletter, Natural Selections (subscribe to get free weekly essays in your inbox): https://naturalselections.substack.com Locals: https://darkhorse.locals.com/ Find more from us on Bret's website (https://bretweinstein.net) or Heather's website (http://heatherheying.com). Become a member of the DarkHorse LiveStreams, and get access to an additional Q&A livestream every month. Join at Heather's Patreon. Like this content? Subscribe to the channel, like this video, follow us on twitter (@BretWeinstein, @HeatherEHeying), and consider helping us out by contributing to either of our Patreons or Bret's Paypal. Looking for clips from #DarkHorseLivestreams? Check out our other channel:  https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCAWCKUrmvK5F_ynBY_CMlIA Theme Music: Thank you to Martin Molin of Wintergatan for providing us the rights to use their excellent music. ***** Mentioned in this episode: https://www.freedomfest.com Trans-Identified Male Wins Bronze In Women's 400m At 2023 World Para Athletics Championships: https://reduxx.info/trans-identified-male-wins-bronze-in-womens-400m-at-2023-world-para-athletics-championships/ Saber-toothed anchovies make the news at Science in 2020: https://www.science.org/content/article/saber-toothed-anchovies-roamed-oceans-45-million-years-ago Original research: Capobianco et al 2020. Large-bodied sabre-toothed anchovies reveal unanticipated ecological diversity in early Palaeogene teleosts. Royal Society Open Science, 7(5): 192260.https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsos.192260Support the show

This week our guest is your favorite psychological scientist, Dr. Maryanne Garry of the University of Waikato in New Zealand and garrylab.com Dr. Garry and four of her colleagues published a paper recently in the Royal Society Open Science called "Trivially informative semantic context inflates people's confidence they can perform a highly complex skill". The experiments built on previous studies which demonstrated that people have highly inflated beliefs of their capabilities doing highly complex tasks for which they are entirely unqualified. In particular, a high percentage of people have high confidence that they could land a commercial plane with no help from the tower. In this study, they tested whether watching a short, trivially informative video of two pilots landing a plane would influence that confidence level. As always with Dr. Garry, you'll learn a lot, you'll laugh along with us, and your dreams will be crushed as only she can. If you want to listen to more interviews with Dr. Garry, check out these episodes of Chit Chat Across the Pond Lite: * CCATP #727 – Dr. Maryanne Garry on How Everything You Remember is Wrong * CCATP #629 - Dr. Garry on Study of Language Skills vs Numeracy In Learning to Program * CCATP #576 - Dr. Maryanne Garry on Grammar Pet Peeves * CCATP #554 - Dr. Maryanne Garry on Persuasion with Facts and Data * CCATP #510 - Dr. Maryanne Garry on Many Memory Questions * CCATP #452 Dr. Garry Asks "Compared to What?" * CCATP #441 Dr. Maryanne Garry on Cognitive Biases, Learning and Aging

New techniques allow unprecedented insight into the underwater behaviour of Australia's flatback sea turtles. Then we chat about some newly described spiny lizards from Peru. Become a Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/herphighlights Merch: https://www.redbubble.com/people/herphighlights/shop Full reference list available here: http://www.herphighlights.podbean.com Main Paper References: Hounslow JL, Fossette S, Byrnes EE, Whiting SD, Lambourne RN, Armstrong NJ, Tucker AD, Richardson AR, Gleiss AC. 2022. Multivariate analysis of biologging data reveals the environmental determinants of diving behaviour in a marine reptile. Royal Society Open Science 9:211860. DOI: 10.1098/rsos.211860. Species of the Bi-Week: Venegas PJ, García-Ayachi LA, Chávez-Arribasplata JC, García-Bravo A. 2022. Four new species of polychromatic spiny-tailed iguanian lizards, genus Stenocercus (Iguania: Tropiduridae), from Peru. Zootaxa 5115:1–28. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5115.1.1. Editing and Music: Podcast edited by Emmy – https://www.fiverr.com/emmyk10  Intro/outro – Treehouse by Ed Nelson Species Bi-week theme – Michael Timothy Other Music – The Passion HiFi, https://www.thepassionhifi.com

This week Erica chatted with Fin Whale Researcher Sacha Viquerat about his recent publication Identifying seasonal distribution patterns of fin whales across the Scotia Sea and the Antarctic Peninsula region using a novel approach combining habitat suitability models and ensemble learning methods. References: Branch, T. A., & Butterworth, D. S. (2001). Estimates of abundance south of 60°S for cetacean species sighted frequently on the 1978/79 to 1997/98 IWC/IDCR-SOWER sighting surveys. Journal of Cetacean Research and Management, 3(3), 251-270. Viquerat, S., & Herr, H. (2017). Mid-summer abundance estimates of fin whales Balaenoptera physalus around the South Orkney Islands and Elephant Island. Endangered Species Research, 32, 515-524. https://doi.org/10.3354/esr00832 Burkhardt, E., Van Opzeeland, I., Cisewski, B., Mattmüller, R., Meister, M., Schall, E., Spiesecke, S., Thomisch, K., Zwicker, S., & Boebel, O. (2021). Seasonal and diel cycles of fin whale acoustic occurrence near Elephant Island, Antarctica. Royal Society Open Science, 8(5), 201142-201142. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.201142 Herr, H., Hickmott, L., Viquerat, S., & Panigada, S. (2022). First evidence for fin whale migration into the Pacific from Antarctic feeding grounds at Elephant Island. Royal Society Open Science, 9(9), 0-7. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.220721

The Jezero Crater on Mars was targeted by Nasa's Perseverence rover because from orbit, there was strong evidence it had at some point contained a lake. When the Mars 2020 mission landed, it didn't take long to spot rocks protruding from the bottom that looked for all the world like sedimentary rocks – implying they were laid down from the liquid water and maybe perhaps even contain signs of past life. This week, the science team have published some of their analysis from the first 9 months of the mission. And, as Principal Scientist Kenneth Farley of Caltech tells Science In Action, the geology is clearly more complex, as it turns out they are igneous, perhaps resulting from subsequent volcanic activity. Back on earth, Shane Cronin of the University of Auckland has been digging into the legend of the Kuwea volcano in Vanuatu. Folk tales have long talked of an inhabited island that once disappeared beneath the sea. Over the years some have linked these and the submarine caldera with an eruption that occurred in 1452, yet the evidence has been debated. But the Hunga-Tonga eruption earlier this year has shifted Shane's perception of the evidence. As he describes, he now suspects the 1452 eruption was as much as 5-7 times bigger in magnitude, and likely preceded by smaller eruptions that could fit with some of the legends surrounding the story. This type of evidence, interpreted from the testimony of those who live there, is increasingly being employed in conservation studies. Heidi Ma of ZSL in London and colleagues this week declared in Royal Society Open Science, the Dugong – a relative of the manatee - is now functionally extinct in Chinese waters, but they reached this conclusion from interviewing hundreds of individuals in fishing communities along that coast. And very few of them had ever seen one. When CrowdScience listener Eric spotted a few gnats flying around on a milder day in mid-winter, he was really surprised - as surely insects die off in the cold? It got him wondering where the gnats had come from and how they'd survived the previous cold snap. So he asked CrowdScience to do some bug investigation. Presenter Marnie Chesterton takes up the challenge and heads out into the British countryside – currently teeming with buzzes and tiny beasties - to learn about the quite amazing array of tactics these small creatures use to survive the arduous days of cold. She hears how some insects change their chemical structure to enhance their frost resistance whist others hunker down in warmer microclimates or rely on their community and food stocks to keep them warm. Marnie also asks how climate change might be affecting insect over-wintering behaviour - and its implications for the lives of these crucially important organisms. (Image: Jezero Crater. Credit: Getty Images)

According to a paper published on August 24th, 2022 in the journal https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsos.211994 (Royal Society Open Science), the Dugong is now “functionally extinct” in China. These gentle marine mammals, sometimes referred to as sea cows, are one of four species of the order Sirenia. They are the cousins of the Amazonian manatee, West Indian manatee, West African manatee, and the now extinct Steller's sea cow. These peaceful creatures invoked myths of mermaids and fantasy, existing in Chinese waters for thousands of years. Now, because of habitat loss, food loss, hunting, and collisions with watercraft, the Dugong is now one step closer to meeting the fate of their Steller cousin, and only other member of the Dugongidae family. https://thewildlife.blog/2022/08/26/new-study-suggests-the-dugong-is-functionally-extinct-in-china/ (Transcript) Support

The Jezero Crater on Mars was targeted by Nasa's Perseverence rover because from orbit, there was strong evidence it had at some point contained a lake. When the Mars 2020 mission landed, it didn't take long to spot rocks protruding from the bottom that looked for all the world like sedimentary rocks – implying they were laid down from the liquid water and maybe perhaps even contain signs of past life. This week, the science team have published some of their analysis from the first 9 months of the mission. And, as Principal Scientist Kenneth Farley of Caltech tells Science In Action, the geology is clearly more complex, as it turns out they are igneous, perhaps resulting from subsequent volcanic activity. Back on earth, Shane Cronin of the University of Auckland has been digging into the legend of the Kuwea volcano in Vanuatu. Folk tales have long talked of an inhabited island that once disappeared beneath the sea. Over the years some have linked these and the submarine caldera with an eruption that occurred in 1452, yet the evidence has been debated. But the Hunga-Tonga eruption earlier this year has shifted Shane's perception of the evidence. As he describes, he now suspects the 1452 eruption was as much as 5-7 times bigger in magnitude, and likely preceded by smaller eruptions that could fit with some of the legends surrounding the story. This type of evidence, interpreted from the testimony of those who live there, is increasingly being employed in conservation studies. Heidi Ma of ZSL in London and colleagues this week declared in Royal Society Open Science, the Dugong – a relative of the manatee - is now functionally extinct in Chinese waters, but they reached this conclusion from interviewing hundreds of individuals in fishing communities along that coast. And very few of them had ever seen one. (Image: Jezero Crater. Credit: Getty Images) Presenter: Roland Pease Producer: Alex Mansfield

Tout d'abord, nous commenterons des moments forts du sommet du G-7 qui s'est déroulé du 26 au 28 juin à Schloss Elmau, en Allemagne. Ensuite, dans le contexte de l'abrogation de l'arrêt « Roe contre Wade », nous examinerons la position d'une église du Texas sur l'avortement. Nous discuterons également d'un nouveau rapport publié le 22 juin par la revue Royal Society Open Science, qui compare l'élevage industriel et l'élevage à faible rendement. Enfin, nous apprendrons quelles sont les villes où il est le plus agréable de vivre au monde, selon le Global Liveability Index de 2022.    Poursuivons maintenant avec l'annonce de la deuxième partie de notre émission, « Trending in France ». Nous parlerons de la plaidoirie des avocats de Salah Abdeslam à la fin du procès des attentats du 13 novembre 2015. Et pour finir, nous discuterons de l'ouverture prévue pour l'automne d'un restaurant à la prison des Baumettes de Marseille, le premier du genre en France. - Le G7 réaffirme son soutien à l'Ukraine et annonce des plans économiques mondiaux - L'église texane au cœur de l'affaire de 1970 sur l'avortement aide toujours les femmes à se faire avorter - Une nouvelle étude affirme que l'élevage industriel réduit les risques de pandémies - Les villes européennes reviennent dans le top 10 de l'indice mondial qui évalue la qualité de vie - Procès des attentats du 13 novembre 2015 : la plaidoirie des avocats de Salah Abdeslam - Le premier restaurant en prison de France ouvrira bientôt à Marseille

Inizieremo il nostro programma approfondendo alcuni argomenti che hanno fatto notizia questa settimana. In primo luogo, rivivremo i momenti salienti del vertice del G7 che si è svolto a Schloss Elmau, in Germania, dal 26 al 28 giugno. Quindi, alla luce del recente rovesciamento della sentenza Roe contro Wade, daremo uno sguardo alla posizione di una chiesa del Texas riguardo all'aborto. Proseguiremo, commentando i risultati di un nuovo studio pubblicato il 22 giugno dalla rivista Royal Society Open Science che mette a confronto gli allevamenti industriali e quelli a basso rendimento. Infine, scopriremo quali sono le città più vivibili al mondo secondo il Global Liveability Index 2022.    Andiamo avanti con l'annuncio della seconda parte del nostro programma, "Trending in Italy". Parleremo di una scoperta importante avvenuta sulla cima pakistana del Nanga Parbat che mette la parola fine alla polemica che ha coinvolto per oltre 50 anni, Reinhold Messner, leggenda vivente dell'alpinismo italiano e mondiale. Infine, discuteremo dei divieti imposti dal comune di Napoli per migliorare la sicurezza e il decoro urbano della città. - Il vertice del G7 ribadisce il pieno sostegno all'Ucraina e annuncia piani economici globali - C'è una chiesa in Texas che aiuta le donne che vogliono abortire. - Un nuovo studio sostiene che l'allevamento industriale di animali espone ad un rischio minore di pandemie - Le città europee tornano tra le prime 10 città più vivibili al mondo nel 2022 - Alpinismo, la verità di Reinhold Messner sulla tragedia del Nanga Parbat - A Napoli si potrà ancora stendere la biancheria da balconi e finestre

Empezamos nuestro programa repasando algunas noticias que han ocurrido esta semana. En primer lugar, comentaremos algunos de los aspectos más destacados de la cumbre del G-7 que tuvo lugar del 26 al 28 de junio en Schloss Elmau, Alemania. A continuación, en vista de la reciente revocación de la sentencia Roe vs Wade, analizaremos la posición de una iglesia de Texas respecto al aborto. También hablaremos de un nuevo informe publicado el 22 de junio por la revista Royal Society Open Science que compara la ganadería industrial con la de bajo rendimiento. Por último, conoceremos cuáles son las ciudades más habitables del mundo según el Índice Global de Habitabilidad 2022. En la segunda parte de nuestro programa, "Trending in Spain", hablaremos de algunos cambios que nos pueden dejar un poco perplejos. En la primera noticia, comentaremos la inauguración del nuevo centro cultural CaixaForum en Valencia, un proyecto pensado como espacio público convertido ahora en un espacio privado. En la segunda noticia, bailaremos a ritmo de samba en el Carnaval de Santa Cruz de Tenerife, este año celebrado durante el solsticio de verano. La cumbre del G-7 reafirma su apoyo a Ucrania y anuncia planes económicos globales La iglesia de Texas involucrada en el caso del aborto de 1970 sigue ayudando a las mujeres a abortar Un nuevo estudio sostiene que la cría industrial de animales ofrece menor riesgo de pandemias Las ciudades europeas vuelven a estar entre las 10 primeras en el Índice Global de Habitabilidad de 2022 El Ágora de Valencia renace como CaixaForum Carnaval en el mes de junio

Can the smell of predators put lizards off their lunch?  Become a Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/herphighlights Full reference list available here: http://www.herphighlights.podbean.com Main Paper Reference: Webster C, Massaro M, Michael DR, Bambrick D, Riley JL, Nimmo DG. 2018. Native reptiles alter their foraging in the presence of the olfactory cues of invasive mammalian predators. Royal Society Open Science 5:180136. DOI: 10.1098/rsos.180136. Species of the Bi-Week: Oliver PM, Rittmeyer EN, Torkkola J, Donnellan SC, Dahl C, Richards SJ. 2020. Multiple trans-Torres Strait colonisations by tree frogs in the Litoria caerulea group, with the description of a new species from New Guinea. Australian Journal of Zoology 68:15. Other Mentioned Papers/Studies: Apfelbach R, Parsons MH, Soini HA, Novotny MV. (2015) Are single odorous components of a predator sufficient to elicit defensive behaviors in prey species? Frontiers in Neuroscience. 9, 263. (doi:10. 3389/fnins.2015.00263) Music: Intro/outro – Treehouse by Ed Nelson Species Bi-week theme – Mike Mooney

We've talked about ants being the victims of herpetofauna depredation, but what about snakes that are friends to ants? This episode we chat about a paper detailing the antics of an “ant-mother”. Become a Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/herphighlights Full reference list available here: http://www.herphighlights.podbean.com Main Paper References: Jono T, Kojima Y, Mizuno T. 2019. Novel cooperative antipredator tactics of an ant specialized against a snake. Royal Society Open Science 6:190283. DOI: 10.1098/rsos.190283. Species of the Bi-Week: de Oca AN-M, Castresana-Villanueva N, Canseco-Márquez L, Campbell JA. 2022. A New Species of Xenosaurus (Squamata: Xenosauridae) from the Sierra de Juárez of Oaxaca, Mexico. Herpetologica 78. DOI: 10.1655/Herpetologica-D-21-00041.1. Other Mentioned Papers/Studies: Hodges, CW, Marshall, BM, Hill, JG, Strine, CT. 2022. Malayan kraits (Bungarus candidus) show affinity to anthropogenic structures in a human dominated landscape. Scientific reports, 12(1), pp.1-16. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11255-z Knolle, F, Goncalves, RP, Morton, AJ. 2017. Sheep recognize familiar and unfamiliar human faces from two-dimensional images. Royal Society Open Science, 4(11), 171228. DOI: 10.1098/rsos.171228 Other Links/Mentions: Wolves and raven playing: https://www.yellowstone.org/naturalist-notes-wolves-and-ravens/ Ant video from Jono et al., - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6731735/bin/rsos190283supp2.avi Music: Intro/outro – Treehouse by Ed Nelson Species Bi-week theme – Mike Mooney Other Music – The Passion HiFi, www.thepassionhifi.com