Podcasts about experimental psychology general

Stress ist immer schlecht, davon sind einige von uns möglicherweise überzeugt. Aber tatsächlich kann eine bestimmte Art von Stress auch das Gegenteil bewirken, uns munter machen und guttun.**********Quellen aus der Folge:Rethinking Stress Toolkit | Stanford University**********Dianes und Main Huongs Empfehlungen:Brand, S., Holsboer-Trachsler, E., Naranjo, J. R., & Schmidt, S. (2012). Influence of mindfulness practice on cortisol and sleep in long-term and short-term meditators. Neuropsychobiology, 65(3), 109-118.Crum, A. J., Salovey, P., & Achor, S. (2013). Rethinking stress: The role of mindsets in determining the stress response. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 104(4), 716–733.Crum, A. J., Santoro, E., Handley-Miner, I., Smith, E. N., Evans, K., Moraveji, N., ... & Salovey, P. (2023). Evaluation of the “rethink stress” mindset intervention: A metacognitive approach to changing mindsets. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 152(9), 2603. **********Mehr zum Thema bei Deutschlandfunk Nova:Stress: Erschöpfung macht Menschen aggressiver**********Den Artikel zum Stück findet ihr hier.**********Ihr könnt uns auch auf diesen Kanälen folgen: TikTok auf&ab , TikTok wie_geht und Instagram .**********Ihr habt Anregungen, Ideen, Themenwünsche? Dann schreibt uns gern unter achtsam@deutschlandfunknova.de

Dr. Delaney sits down with acclaimed developmental psychologist David Yeager, Ph.D., to discuss his groundbreaking book, 10 to 25: The Science of Motivating Young People. Together, they delve into the transformative power of adopting a mentor mindset to simplify parenting — especially when tackling tech time challenges. Learn why combining high standards with high support is a game-changer, and uncover the key elements of "wise feedback" that make it so impactful, as shown across various studies. This episode offers science-backed communication techniques on topics like respectful versus disrespectful language, validation, cooperative problem-solving, and more. Parents will walk away with practical strategies to approach screen time struggles with confidence and clarity.   Featured Expert David Yeager, PhD   Books The Science of Motivating Young People, by David Yeager Belonging: The Science of Creating Connection and Bridging Divides, by Geoffrey L. Cohen   Research References Yeager, D. et al. Breaking the cycle of mistrust: Wise interventions to provide critical feedback across the racial divide. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 143(2), 804–824, 2014.  Dobson, K. et al. A Transparency Statement Improves Community-Police Interactions. Research Square (Research Square), 2022. Yeager, D. et al. A Transparency Statement Transforms Community-Police Interactions. Research Square (Research Square), 2022. Telzer, E. et al. Ventral striatum activation to prosocial rewards predicts longitudinal declines in adolescent risk taking. Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, 3, 45–52, 2013.   Time Code 00:00 Introduction to the Screenagers Podcast 00:23 Meet David Yeager: Growth Mindset and Mentor Mindset 02:34 The Mentor's Dilemma: Balancing Criticism and Support 04:23 Wise Feedback: The Key to Motivating Youth 10:17 Transparency and Benevolent Intentions 12:45 Understanding Adolescent Motivation: Status and Respect 17:42 The Role of Testosterone in Adolescent Development 20:47 Respectful Communication: The Vegemite Experiment 24:15 Testosterone and Behavior 25:50 Parenting Challenges and Mentor Mindset 27:04 The Science of Nagging 29:25 Effective Communication with Teens 32:45 Collaborative Troubleshooting 34:41 Balancing Screen Time and Life Goals 36:53 The Enforcer vs. Mentor Mindset 41:30 Concluding Thoughts and Resources  

Editorials are spaces in journals where the key stewards of the field leave advice for others about what type of research the journals they lead are looking to publish. We discuss some of our favorite editorials and dissect the advice to dish out for finding important research problems, theorizing effectively, and writing persuasively. References Rai, A. (2016). Celebrating 40 Years of MIS Quarterly: MISQ's History and Future Through the Lenses of its Editors-in-Chief. MIS Quarterly, 40(4), iii-xvi. Lee, A. S. (2001). Editor's Comments: Research in Information Systems: What We Haven't Learned. MIS Quarterly, 25(4), v-xv. Saunders, C. (2005). Editor's Comments: Looking for Diamond Cutters. MIS Quarterly, 29(1), iii-viii. Rai, A. (2017). Editor's Comments: Avoiding Type III Errors: Formulating IS Research Problems that Matter. MIS Quarterly, 41(2), iii-vii. Weber, R. (2003). Editor's Comments: The Problem of the Problem. MIS Quarterly, 27(1), iii-ix. Berente, N., Gu, B., Recker, J., & Santhanam, R. (2021). Managing Artificial Intelligence. MIS Quarterly, 45(3), 1433-1450. Dietvorst, B. J., Simmons, J. P., & Massey, C. (2015). Understanding Algorithm Aversion: Forecasters Erroneously Avoid Algorithms After Seeing them Err. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 144(1), 114-126. Jussupow, E., Benbasat, I., & Heinzl, A. (2024). An Integrative Perspective on Algorithm Aversion and Appreciation in Decision-Making. MIS Quarterly, . Li, J., Li, M., Wang, X., & Thatcher, J. B. (2021). Strategic Directions for AI: The Role of CIOs and Boards of Directors. MIS Quarterly, 45(3), 1603-1643. Sparrowe, R. T., & Mayer, K. J. (2011). Publishing in AMJ—Part 4: Grounding Hypotheses. Academy of Management Journal, 54(6), 1098-1102. Straub, D. W. (2009). Editor's Comments: Why Top Journals Accept Your Paper. MIS Quarterly, 33(3), iii-x.

Wie gut bist du wirklich darin, Gefahrensituationen zu erkennen, bevor sie eskalieren? Könntest du einem Angreifer ins Gesicht schauen und wissen, dass der Schlag in 5 Sekunden kommt? In dieser Episode gehen wir tief rein – ja, neuronale Antizipation, die vielleicht nerdigste Art, sich auf echte Kämpfe vorzubereiten. Aber keine Sorge, wir packen all die Wissenschaft locker aus: Somatische Marker, präfrontale Cortex Geschichten, und was dein Herzschlag dabei mit Stress zu tun hat. Klingt intellektuell? Klar, wir haben's drauf – aber keine Sorge, das Hirnschmalz schmilzt bei dem Spaß nicht.   Literatur Barsalou, L. W. (2008). Grounded cognition. Annual Review of Psychology, 59, 617–645. Blascovich, J., & Tomaka, J. (1996). The biopsychosocial model of arousal regulation. In M. P. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 28, pp. 1–51). Academic Press. Damasio, A. R. (1996). The somatic marker hypothesis and the possible functions of the prefrontal cortex. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences, 351(1346), 1413–1420. Green, D. M., & Swets, J. A. (1966). Signal detection theory and psychophysics. Wiley. Kolb, B., & Gibb, R. (2011). Brain plasticity and behaviour in the developing brain. Journal of the Canadian Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 20(4), 265–276. Stahl, C., Voss, A., Schmitz, F., Nuszbaum, M., Tüscher, O., Lieb, K., & Klauer, K. C. (2014). Behavioral components of impulsivity. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 143(2), 850–886. __________ Musik im Intro: Home Base Groove von Kevin MacLeod unterliegt der Creative-Commons-Lizenz "Namensnennung 4.0". Https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Quelle: http://incompetech.com/music/royalty-free/index.html?isrc=USUAN1100563, Künstler: http://incompetech.com/⁠ Musik in der Werbung: Bassa Island Game Loop - Latinesque von Kevin MacLeod unterliegt der Lizenz Creative-Commons-Lizenz "Namensnennung 4.0". https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, Quelle: http://incompetech.com/music/royalty-free/index.html?isrc=USUAN1100840, Künstler: http://incompetech.com/ Musik im Outro: Eyes Gone Wrong von Kevin MacLeod unterliegt der Creative-Commons-Lizenz "Namensnennung 4.0". Https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, Quelle:http://incompetech.com/music/royalty-free/index.html?isrc=USUAN1100362, Künstler: http://incompetech.com/

Browsing videos on TikTok or YouTube can be a hit-and-miss affair, with gems lurking amid mediocre efforts. But researchers have found that switching to another video, or skipping forwards and backwards in the same one, actually makes people more bored.刷短视频就是在碰运气，刷半天或许可以刷到一个有趣的视频。但是研究人员发现，不断地切换视频，跳到下一个，或者返回上一个视频重复观看，事实上会让人感到更加无聊。Dr Katy Tam at the University of Toronto Scarborough, the lead author of the research, said boredom was closely linked to attention.该研究的首席作者、多伦多大学士嘉堡校区的凯蒂·塔姆博士表示，这种无聊感和专注度密切相关。"We feel bored when there's a gap between how engaged we are and how engaged we want to be,” she said. “When people keep switching through videos, they become less engaged with the videos and they are looking for something more interesting. This can lead to increased feelings of boredom.”她说：“当我们的专注度和我们想要专注的程度之间有落差时，我们就会感到无聊。在人们不断切换视频时，他们对视频的专注度开始下降，心里想下一个视频会不会更有趣？这会让人们感觉更无聊。”The results appear to chime with other studies: as the team notes, previous research has suggested that while boredom relief is a driver for people to use social media or smartphones, the use of such technology appears to make the feeling worse.这一研究结果和其他研究的结论不谋而合。研究团队指出，先前的研究发现，无聊促使人们去使用社交媒体或智能手机，而这些技术的使用似乎又让人感到更加无聊。Writing in the Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, Tam and colleagues report how they carried out seven experiments involving a total of more than 1,200 participants.塔姆和同事在《实验心理学杂志：总论》中介绍，他们开展了7项实验，参与者超过1200人。The first, involving 140 participants, revealed that people tended to switch between videos more when they rated the content more boring, while the second – an online survey involving 231 participants – suggested people thought having the option to skip through a video or switch to another would make viewing a video less boring.第一项实验有140人参与，结果表明，当人们觉得视频内容无聊时，人们会更频繁地切换视频。另外一项网上开展的调查共有231人参与，结果表明，人们认为，可以选择跳过或切换到另一个视频会让观看视频不那么无聊。However, the team's subsequent experiments suggest this is not the case.但是，该团队接下来的实验却发现，事实并非如此。Data from a group of 166 undergraduates suggests participants felt more bored when allowed to skip about within a video than when they were not able to, while results from 159 undergraduates revealed they reported higher levels or boredom when given a collection of five-minute videos they could switch between, compared with a single 10-minute video.一项收集了166名大学生的数据的实验结果发现，当参与者能够随意切换视频时，相比不能随意切换的情况，会感觉看视频更加无聊。另外一项对159名大学生的实验结果发现，当他们能够随意切换着看一组单个时长5分钟的视频时，相比只看一个时长10分钟的视频，参与者感觉更无聊。"Our research shows that while people fast-forward or skip videos to avoid boredom, this behaviour can actually make them feel more bored,” she said. “Just as we pay for an immersive experience in a movie theatre, enjoyment often comes from immersing ourselves in videos rather than swiping through them.”塔姆表示：“我们的研究表明，当人们为了避免无聊而快进或跳过视频时，这种行为反而会让自己感到更无聊。就像我们付钱去享受影院的沉浸式体验一样，观看视频的快感往往源于全身心的投入而不是不断地切换。”英文来源：卫报编译：丹妮

According to current cognitive psychology and neuroscience understanding, our memories are multilayered constructs composed of personal experiences and information acquired from external sources. So, when questioning witnesses about their recollections, it's crucial to understand what those layers are made up of. Is it purely personal recollection? Does it include what they were told by others? Does it include what they were told when their lawyer prepped them for the deposition? Examining the underlying sources or layers of the deponent's knowledge helps identify the individuals and documents that influenced and possibly biased what the witness says.Be sure to click through to our home page if you don't see the complete list of cites in the show notes. And - please - leave us a 5-star review wherever you hear this podcast? It's a free, fast, and incredible way to thank our production team for the research and time spent producing this free resource for you. Our whole team thanks you!SHOW NOTESIn re FirstEnergy Corp. Sec. Litig., No. 2:20-CV-03785-ALM-KAJ, 2024 WL 1984802, at *14 (S.D. Ohio May 6, 2024) (“Seemingly, FirstEnergy argues that all facts about the internal investigation are privileged or protected because, at some point, these facts were communicated by lawyers to various individuals. Time and again, courts have rejected this type of argument. While communications between attorneys and clients are privileged, facts are not. Humphreys, Hutcheson and Moseley v. Donovan, 755 F.2d 1211, 1219 (6th Cir. 1985) (citing Upjohn Co., 449 U.S. at 395). And facts do not become privileged or protected because they were provided to witnesses by attorneys or acquired in anticipation of litigation. See, e.g., Protective Nat. Ins. Co. of Omaha v. Commonwealth Ins. Co., 137 F.R.D. 267, 280 (D. Neb. 1989) (“There is simply nothing wrong with asking for facts from a deponent even though those facts may have been communicated to the deponent by the deponent's counsel.”); United States v. BAE Sys. Tactical Vehicle Sys., LP, No. 15-12225, 2017 WL 1457493, at *5–6 (E.D. Mich. Apr. 25, 2017); Basulto v. Netflix, Inc., No. 22-21796, 2023 WL 3197655, at *2–3 (S.D. Fl. May 2, 2023) (“[F]act-oriented discovery is permitted even if the witness learned about the facts from her attorneys.”); Clear Cast Grp., Inc. v. Ritrama, Inc., No. 1:09-cv-169, 2011 WL 13334451, at *6 (N.D. Ohio Sept. 15, 2011). So too here. Facts related to the internal investigation are not shielded simply because they were funneled through attorneys to witnesses”)Protective Nat. Ins. Co. of Omaha v. Commonwealth Ins. Co., 137 F.R.D. 267, 278–79 (D. Neb. 1989) (citing Sedco Intern., S.A. v. Cory, 683 F.2d 1201, 1205 (8th Cir.), cert. denied, 459 U.S. 1017, 103 S.Ct. 379, 74 L.Ed.2d 512 (1982) for the proposition that “No contention can be made that the attorney-client privilege precludes disclosure of factual information. The privilege does not protect facts communicated to an attorney. Upjohn Co. v. United States, 449 U.S. 383, 395–96, 101 S.Ct. 677, 685–86, 66 L.Ed.2d 584 (1981). Clients cannot refuse to disclose facts which their attorneys conveyed to them and which the attorneys obtained from independent sources. *279 Hickman v. Taylor, 329 U.S. 495, 508, 67 S.Ct. 385, 392, 91 L.Ed. 451 (1947); 8 J. Wigmore, Wigmore on Evidence § 2317 (McNaughton rev. 1961).State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co. v. New Horizont, Inc., 250 F.R.D. 203, 214 (E.D. Pa. 2008) (quoting In re Linerboard Antitrust Litig., 237 F.R.D. 373, 384 (E.D.Pa.2006) (“ ‘[T]here is simply nothing wrong with asking for facts from a deponent even though those facts may have been communicated to the deponent by the deponent's counsel.' ” (quoting Protective Nat'l Ins. Co. v. Commonwealth Ins. Co., 137 F.R.D. 267, 280 (D.Neb.1989))).)State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co. v. New Horizont, Inc., 250 F.R.D. 203, 215 (E.D. Pa. 2008) (“Contrary to State Farm's contention, the mere fact that counsel for State Farm may have provided such information to the witness in preparation for the Rule 30(b)(6) deposition does not convert the information into attorney work product.7 Were State Farm's logic followed to its full extent, anytime an attorney is involved in preparing a Rule 30(b)(6) witness, such preparation would be futile because the witness would inevitably be precluded from testifying to anything learned from the attorney. Were this the rule, every Rule 30(b)(6) deposition in which an attorney was involved in preparing the witness would be doomed from the start”)Palmisano v. Paragon 28, Inc., No. 21-60447-CIV, 2021 WL 1686948, at *6 (S.D. Fla. Apr. 7, 2021) (“Thus, while the privilege applies when a questioner directly asks a deponent about discussions with counsel, the “attorney-client privilege simply does not extend to facts known to a party that are central to that party's claims, even if such facts came to be known through communications with counsel who had obtained knowledge of those facts through an investigation into the underlying dispute.”)Thurmond v. Compaq Comput. Corp., 198 F.R.D. 475, 483 (E.D. Tex. 2000) (requiring disclosure of facts defendant “only learned through communications with counsel”)Kansas Wastewater, Inc. v. Alliant Techsystems, Inc., 217 F.R.D. 525, 528, 532 n.3 (D. Kan. 2003) (“It is well established that a party may not withhold relevant facts from disclosure simply because they were communicated to, or learned from, the party's attorney.”).Elizabeth Loftus, prominent figure in the study of human memory, particularly on malleability of human memory and misinformation effects. Loftus, E.F. (1975). Leading questions and the eyewitness report. Cognitive Psychology, 7, 560–572; Loftus, G.R. & Loftus, E.F. (1976). Human Memory: The Processing of Information. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum Associates; Loftus, E.F. & Doyle, J. (1987). Eyewitness Testimony: Civil and Criminal. NY: Kluwer; Loftus, E.F.; Hoffman, H.G. (1989). Misinformation and memory: The creation of memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 118(1), 100–104.Daniel Schacter, research on the “seven sins” of memory and the constructive nature of memory. Books include Searching for Memory: The Brain, the Mind, and the Past (1996); Forgotten ideas, neglected pioneers: Richard Semon and the story of memory. (2001);[4] and The Seven Sins of Memory: How the Mind Forgets and Remembers (2001)Charan Ranganath, Why We Remember: Unlocking Memory's Power to Hold On to What Matters

Voiko stressin kääntää voimavaraksi?Kun meitä kehotetaan välttämään stressiä, alamme usein sinnitellä. Se voi itse asiassa ylläpitää stressiä ja pahentaa tilannetta. Toisaalta ponnistelemme meille tärkeiden asioiden eteen. Stressi ei ole pelkästään kielteinen ilmiö. Koemme sitä asioista, jotka ovat meille tärkeitä. Tapamme suhtautua stressiin vaikuttaa merkittävästi siihen, miten stressi meihin vaikuttaa.Jakson aiheena on stressi ja se, miten stressin voi kääntää itselleen voimavaraksi. Psykologi Nina Lyytisen asiantuntijavieraana on psykologian tohtori, neuropsykologian erikoispsykologi, yrittäjä Laura Sokka. Hän teki väitöskirjansa työuupumuksen vaikutuksista aivojen toimintaan, keskittymiseen ja tiedonkäsittelyyn. Lauralla on yli 20 vuoden kokemus neuropsykologin työstä. Hän työskentelee sekä yritysten että yksilöiden kanssa. Laura käy puhumassa yrityksissä kestävästä työkyvystä ja uupumusriskin pienentämisestä. Lisäksi hän pitää neuropsykologin vastaanottoa.Nina ja Laura käsittelevät mm. seuraavia kysymyksiä:- Mitä stressi on?- Mitä kielteisiä ja haitallisia ja toisaalta myönteisiä puolia stressillä on?- Miten oma suhtautumisemme stressiin määrittää sen kielteisiä ja myönteisiä vaikutuksia?- Miten omaa tapaa suhtautua stressiin voi muuttaa?Lisätietoja:Jos jakson aihepiiri kiinnostaa, niin suosittelemme mm. jaksoja:- 32. Stressin ja ahdistuksen säätely. Vieraana Hanna Markuksela.- 15. Työuupumus. Vieraana Susanna Paarlahti.- 51. Työuupumus, siviiliuupumus vai vain uupumus. Vieraana Jari Hakanen.Laura Sokan verkkosivut, LinkedIn ja Instagram.Laura Sokan kirjoituksia stressistä:- Katso stressiä uusin silmin ja saavuta etulyöntiasema epävarmoina aikoina (Tresentio.fi 11.12.2023)- Kun sinulla on stressiä, käytä se hyödyksesi (WGH.fi 25.1.2022)- Ymmärrä stressiä, vahvista henkilöstön pysyvyyttä (WGH.fi 20.10.2022)Tutkimusartikkeleita suhtautumistavan merkityksestä stressin vaikutuksiin:- Crum, A. J., Santoro, E., Handley-Miner, I., Smith, E. N., Evans, K., Moraveji, N., Achor, S. & Salovey, P. (2023). Evaluation of the “rethink stress” mindset intervention: A metacognitive approach to changing mindsets. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 152(9), 2603. https://doi.org/10.1037/xge0001396- Yeager, D. S., Bryan, C. J., Gross, J. J., Murray, J. S., Krettek Cobb, D., HF Santos, P., Gravelding, H., Johnson, M. & Jamieson, J. P. (2022). A synergistic mindsets intervention protects adolescents from stress. Nature, 607(7919), 512-520. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-04907-7- Crum, A. J., Jamieson, J. P., & Akinola, M. (2020). Optimizing stress: An integrated intervention for regulating stress responses. Emotion, 20(1), 120–125. https://doi.org/10.1037/emo0000670 - Lisää Alia Crumin tutkimuksia löydät mm. Standford Mind & Bodt Labin sivuilta: https://mbl.stanford.edu/-----Haluatko antaa palautetta? Vinkata aiheita tai vieraita? Tee se täällä: psykopodiaa.fi/palaute tai suoraan Spotify-sovelluksessa, jos tätä sitä kautta kuuntelet.Jos pidit tästä jaksosta olisin kiitollinen, jos jaat sen somessa kavereillesi ja jos jätät arvion siinä palvelussa missä tätä kuunteletkin! Muista myös tilata Psykopodiaa, niin et missaa uusia jaksoja!Seuraa Psykopodiaa myös somessa:Facebookissa @PsykopodiaaInstragramissa @PsykopodiaaNina Lyytinen Twitterissa: @LyytinenNinaNina Lyytinen LinkedIn:ssa: @LyytinenNinaPsykopodiaa-podcastin verkkosivut: http://psykopodiaa.fiPsykodiaa-podcastin emännän, psykologi Nina Lyytisen verkkosivut: https://ninalyytinen.fi

Empathie voor anderen lijkt een enorme deugd te zijn als je het hebt. In deze aflevering bespreken Thijs en Lennard of dat ook echt zo is. Waar empathie uit bestaat en of er ook donkere kanten aan empathie zijn. Want inleven in een ander is leuk tot op zekere hoogte. Ook vertellen ze je wat over Theory of Mind, of empathie te trainen is én of ze huilen bij films. Adverteren in deze podcast? Mail naar podcasts@astrolads.com Bronnen en ander lees- en luister- en kijkvoer: - Link naar de podcast Studeren met Autisme waar professor Sander Begeer aangesloten is in een aflevering over Theory of Mind: https://open.spotify.com/episode/6AASg4YJQCgMtGobQoJreD?si=ZOCGnXpTSZK5rAmq3hp3hA - Check op Netflix de serie Ripley over een psychopaat die precies weet hoe hij anderen met empathie zover krijgt om iets voor hem te doen. - Zie ook de uitgebreide wikipedia pagina over empathie: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empathy - De Sally-Ann test, daar zijn genoeg filmpjes over, zo ook deze oude: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QjkTQtggLH4 - Uta Frith, een professor die veel naar Theory of Mind studie heeft gedaan, legt in dit filmpje uit wat het is: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N6ylH-LYjOM - Brené Brown die vertelt over empathie en wat het is volgens haar: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1Evwgu369Jw - Mooi is dat Robert Greene weer een beetje een andere definitie heeft die ook interessant is: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J5UP872IeYA. Zo zie je dat er verschillende perspectieven zijn rondom empathie. Nerd-literatuur: - Breithaupt, F., & Hamilton, A. B. B. (2019). The Dark Sides of Empathy. Cornell University Press. http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7591/j.ctvfc5436 - Baumer, N., & Frueh, J. (2021). What is neurodiversity? https://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/what-is-neurodiversity-202111232645 - Jordan, M. R., Amir, D., & Bloom, P. (2016). Are empathy and concern psychologically distinct?. Emotion, 16(8), 1107. - https://www.apa.org/monitor/2021/11/feature-cultivating-empathy - Against Empathy - Paul Bloom - Cuff, B. M., Brown, S. J., Taylor, L., & Howat, D. J. (2016). Empathy: A review of the concept. Emotion review, 8(2), 144-153. http://nectar.northampton.ac.uk/17038/1/Cuff_etal_ER_2014_Empathy_a_review_of_the_concept.pdf - Cameron, C. D., Hutcherson, C. A., Ferguson, A. M., Scheffer, J. A., Hadjiandreou, E., & Inzlicht, M. (2019). Empathy is hard work: People choose to avoid empathy because of its cognitive costs. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 148 (6), 962.

What's the difference between being introverted and being shy? What are extroverts so cheerful about? And does Angela's social battery ever run out?Take the Big Five inventory: freakonomics.com/bigfive SOURCES:Susan Cain, author.Will Fleeson, professor of psychology at Wake Forest University.Sigmund Freud, neurologist and founder of psychoanalysis.Adam Grant, professor of management and psychology at the University of Pennsylvania.Carl Jung, psychiatrist and psychoanalyst.Donald Kamentz, founder and C.E.O. of Contigo Ed.Sonja Lyubomirsky, professor of psychology at the University of California, Riverside.Seth Margolis, professor of biological chemistry at Johns Hopkins University. RESOURCES:"A Crucial Character Trait for Happiness," by Arthur C. Brooks (The Atlantic, 2023)."Experimental Manipulation of Extraverted and Introverted Behavior and Its Effects on Well-Being," by Seth Margolis and Sonja Lyubomirsky (Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 2020)."Challenges to Capture the Big Five Personality Traits in Non-WEIRD Populations," by Rachid Laajaj, Karen Macours, Daniel Alejandro Pinzon Hernandez, Omar Arias, Samuel D. Gosling, Jeff Potter, Marta Rubio-Codina, and Renos Vakis (Science Advances, 2019)."Rethinking the Extraverted Sales Ideal: The Ambivert Advantage," by Adam Grant (Psychological Science, 2013)."The Power of Introverts," by Susan Cain (TED Talk, 2012).Quiet: The Power of Introverts in a World That Can't Stop Talking, by Susan Cain (2012)."Personality Trait Change in Adulthood," by Brent W. Roberts Daniel Mroczek (Current Directions in Psychological Science, 2008)."Toward a Structure- and Process-Integrated View of Personality: Traits as Density Distributions of States," by William Fleeson (Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2001). EXTRAS:Big Five Personality Inventory, by No Stupid Questions (2024).“Personality: The Big Five,” series by No Stupid Questions (2024).

Is it dangerous to live in the past? Why is Disney remaking all of its classic movies? And why does Angela get sentimental over a cup of soup and a free roll?  SOURCES:Julie Beck, senior editor at The Atlantic.Danielle Campoamor, freelance writer and reporter.Kyle Chayka, staff writer at The New Yorker.Amelia Dennis, research associate in psychology at the University of Bath.Erica Hepper, lecturer in personality/social psychology at the University of Surrey.Lucy Hone, director of the New Zealand Institute of Wellbeing and Resilience.Imran Rahman-Jones, freelance journalist.Florence Saint-Jean, executive director of Global Trauma Research. RESOURCES:"Pancultural Nostalgia in Action: Prevalence, Triggers, and Psychological Functions of Nostalgia Across Cultures," by Erica Hepper, Constantine Sedikides, Bettina Zengel, et al. (Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 2024)."From Rosy Past to Happy and Flourishing Present: Nostalgia as a Resource for Hedonic and Eudaimonic Wellbeing," by Erica Hepper and Amelia Dennis (Current Opinion in Psychology, 2023)."Locating Nostalgia Among the Emotions: A Bridge From Loss to Love," by Wijnand A.P. van Tilburg (Current Opinion in Psychology, 2023)."Hindsight is 2022: The Psychology Behind Our Cultural Nostalgia," by Kyle Chayka (Town & Country, 2022)."Why We Reach for Nostalgia in Times of Crisis," by Danielle Campoamor (The New York Times, 2020)."Mulan: Disney Remakes and the Power of Nostalgia During Coronavirus," by Imran Rahman-Jones (BBC, 2020)."The Three Secrets of Resilient People," by Lucy Hone (TEDxChristchurch, 2019)."When Nostalgia Was a Disease," by Julie Beck (The Atlantic, 2013). EXTRAS:Big Five Personality Inventory, by No Stupid Questions (2024).Zoom, by Istvan Banyai (1995).Peter and Wendy, by J. M. Barrie (1911).

Die Klimakrise, der eigene Tod oder eine schmerzhafte Trennung – es gibt Gedanken, die wir lieber verdrängen. Unterbewusst plagen sie uns weiter, glaubte Sigmund Freud, Begründer der Psychoanalyse. Doch neue Studien zeigen: Verdrängen ist besser als sein Ruf! Fühlt euch gut betreut Leon & Atze Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/leonwindscheid/ https://www.instagram.com/atzeschroeder_offiziell/ Der Instagram Account für Betreutes Fühlen: https://www.instagram.com/betreutesfuehlen/ Mehr zu unseren Werbepartnern findet ihr hier: https://linktr.ee/betreutesfuehlen Quellen: “Denken Sie nicht an einen weißen Bären” – dass das nicht klappt, zeigte diese frühe Studie: Wegner, D. M., Schneider, D. J., Carter, S. R., & White, T. L. (1987). Paradoxical effects of thought suppression. Journal of personality and social psychology, 53(1), 5. Die Metaanalyse zum Unterdrücken von Gedanken: Wang, D., Hagger, M. S., & Chatzisarantis, N. L. (2020). Ironic effects of thought suppression: a meta-analysis. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 15(3), 778-793. Die Metaanalyse zum Verdrängen von Erinnerungen: Stramaccia, D. F., Meyer, A. K., Rischer, K. M., Fawcett, J. M., & Benoit, R. G. (2021). Memory suppression and its deficiency in psychological disorders: A focused meta-analysis. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 150(5), 828. Hier eine Übersichtsarbeit zum “Debriefing” nach einem Trauma: Rose, S., Bisson, J., & Wessely, S. (2003). A systematic review of single-session psychological interventions (‘debriefing') following trauma. Psychotherapy and psychosomatics, 72(4), 176-184. Die neue Studie, in der Forschende prüften, ob es hilft, Sorgen zu verdrängen: Mamat, Z., & Anderson, M. C. (2023). Improving mental health by training the suppression of unwanted thoughts. Science Advances, 9(38), eadh5292. Das ZEIT-Interview mit dem Psychoanalytiker Wolfgang Schmidbauer: https://www.zeit.de/2009/13/Interview-Schmidbauer-13 Und hier die Metaanalyse zum Verdrängen von Gefühlen: Mund, M., & Mitte, K. (2012). The costs of repression: a meta-analysis on the relation between repressive coping and somatic diseases. Health psychology, 31(5), 640 Redaktion: Mia Mertens Produktion: Murmel Productions

Does anyone have any real agency? What do McDonald's and Oxford University have in common? And why did Angela give up on philosophy? SOURCESSam Harris, neuroscientist, philosopher, author, and podcast host.Brian Galla, associate professor of health and human development at University of Pittsburgh.Robert Sapolsky, professor of biology at Stanford University.Harry Emerson Fosdick, founding minister of Riverside Church in New York City.Martin E. P. Seligman, professor of psychology at the University of Pennsylvania.Brian Kershisnik, American painter. Plato, ancient Greek philosopher. RESOURCESFree Will, by Sam Harris (2012).Determined: A Science of Life without Free Will, by Robert Sapolsky (2023).“Free Will Beliefs Predict Attitudes Toward Unethical Behavior and Criminal Punishment,” by Nathan D. Martin, Davide Rigoni, and Kathleen D. Vohs (PNAS, 2017).“Learned Helplessness: Theory and Evidence,” by Steven F. Maier and Martin E. P. Seligman (Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 1976).“Failure to Escape Traumatic Shock,” by Martin E. P. Seligman and Steven F. Maier (Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1967). EXTRAS“Final Thoughts on Free Will” by Making Sense with Sam Harris (2021).“Sam Harris: ‘Spirituality is a Loaded Term'” by People I Mostly Admire (2021).

Juliana Schroder is a professor at the UC Berkeley Haas School of Business. In this conversation, we talk about her research in which she asks people to talk to strangers, and how this experience is usually a lot more pleasant than people expect. We talk about how the research came to be, what they found, how culture and norms affect the results, how to create robust and replicable field studies, and much more.BJKS Podcast is a podcast about neuroscience, psychology, and anything vaguely related, hosted by Benjamin James Kuper-Smith.Support the show: https://geni.us/bjks-patreonTimestamps00:00: The origin of Juliana's studies on talking to strangers02:15: Why don't people talk to strangers (during commutes)?05:46: What happens when strangers are forced to talk to each other?08:47: How to start a conversation13:31: Cultural differences in talking to strangers31:19: How to create robust and replicable field studies48:04: What's next for this line of research?54:14: A book or paper more people should read55:26: Something Juliana wishes she'd learnt sooner57:13: Advice for PhD students/postdocsPodcast linksWebsite: https://geni.us/bjks-podTwitter: https://geni.us/bjks-pod-twtJuliana's linksWebsite: https://geni.us/schroeder-webGoogle Scholar: https://geni.us/schroeder-scholarTwitter: https://geni.us/schroeder-twtBen's linksWebsite: https://geni.us/bjks-webGoogle Scholar: https://geni.us/bjks-scholarTwitter: https://geni.us/bjks-twtReferencesBoothby, Cooney, Sandstrom & Clark (2018). The liking gap in conversations: Do people like us more than we think? Psychological Science.Epley (2015). Mindwise: Why we misunderstand what others think, believe, feel, and want.Epley, Kardas, Zhao, Atir & Schroeder (2022). Undersociality: Miscalibrated social cognition can inhibit social connection. Trends in Cognitive Sciences.Epley & Schroeder (2014). Mistakenly seeking solitude. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General.Kardas, Schroeder & O'Brien (2022). Keep talking: (Mis) understanding the hedonic trajectory of conversation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology.Roy (1997). The god of small things.Sandstrom, Boothby & Cooney (2022). Talking to strangers: A week-long intervention reduces psychological barriers to social connection. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. Sandstrom & Boothby (2021). Why do people avoid talking to strangers? A mini meta-analysis of predicted fears and actual experiences talking to a stranger. Self and Identity.Schroeder, Lyons & Epley (2022). Hello, stranger? Pleasant conversations are preceded by concerns about starting one. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General.

Découvrez le LIVRE Neurosapiens ! Pour apprendre à créer rapidement et à moindre coût son podcast, c'est par ici ! Recherches & écriture : Thaïs MarquesAnimation & réalisation : Anaïs RouxProduction : Anaïs Roux & Lacmé ProductionInstagram : https://www.instagram.com/neurosapiens.podcast/Pour m'écrire : neurosapiens.podcast@gmail.comAudio : Play-Doh meets Dora - Carmen María and Edu EspinalGood times - Patrick Patrikios.Sources : Karpicke, J. D., & Roediger III, H. L. (2008). The critical importance of retrieval for learning. science, 319(5865), 966-968.Maguire, E. A., Valentine, E. R., Wilding, J. M., & Kapur, N. (2003). Routes to remembering: the brains behind superior memory. Nature neuroscience, 6(1), 90-95.Dresler, M., Shirer, W. R., Konrad, B. N., Müller, N. C., Wagner, I. C., Fernández, G., ... & Greicius, M. D. (2017). Mnemonic training reshapes brain networks to support superior memory. Neuron, 93(5), 1227-1235.Carney, R. N., Levin, J. R., & Levin, M. E. (1994). Enhancing the psychology of memory by enhancing memory of psychology. Teaching of Psychology, 21(3), 171-174.Klein, S. B., & Kihlstrom, J. F. (1986). Elaboration, organization, and the self-reference effect in memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 115(1), 26.Improving Students' Learning With Effective Learning Techniques: Promising Directions From Cognitive and Educational Psychology (Dunlosky & al., 2013)

In de laatste aflevering van dit 1e seizoen van Normale Mensen Bestaan Niet gaan Thijs en Lennard in op wat het is om gelukkig te zijn. Kun je wel de hele tijd gelukkig zijn of niet? Waar word je nou écht gelukkig van? En wat zegt de langstlopende studie ter wereld naar gelukkig en gezond leven van Harvard ons hierover? Adverteren in de podcast? Podcasts@astrolads.com Bronnen en ander lees- en luister- en kijkvoer: - Het boek The Second Mountain van David Brooks is een aanrader: https://www.bol.com/nl/nl/f/the-second-mountain/9200000095353169/ - Natuurlijk ook Flourish van Martin Seligman: https://www.bol.com/nl/nl/p/flourish/1001004011746039/ - Boek van Viktor Frankl is een klassieker over gelukkig worden - Man's search for meaning - Laurie Santos - Science of Wellbeing cursus (gratis en goed): https://www.coursera.org/learn/the-science-of-well-being - Met vreemden praten maakt je gelukkiger: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=odAAw3NpV4s - Liz Dunn onderzoek iets voor een ander doen: https://www.ted.com/talks/elizabeth_dunn_helping_others_makes_us_happier_but_it_matters_how_we_do_it?language=nl - Ted talk over langste studie: https://ted.com/talks/robert_waldinger_what_makes_a_good_life_lessons_from_the_longest_study_on_happiness Nerd-literatuur: - Seligman, M. E. (2011). Flourish: A visionary new understanding of happiness and well-being. Simon and Schuster. - Van Zyl, L. E. (2013). Seligman's flourishing: An appraisal of what lies beyond happiness Flourish: A visionary new understanding of happiness and well-being, Martin EP Seligman: book review. SA journal of industrial psychology, 39(2), 1-3. - Seligman, M. E., & Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2000). Positive psychology: An introduction (Vol. 55, No. 1, p. 5). American Psychological Association. - Lyubomirsky, S., King, L., & Diener, E. (2005). The benefits of frequent positive affect: Does happiness lead to success?. Psychological bulletin, 131(6), 803. - Sheldon, K. M., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2006). How to increase and sustain positive emotion: The effects of expressing gratitude and visualizing best possible selves. The journal of positive psychology, 1(2), 73-82. - Layous, K. T. I. N., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2014). The how, why, what, when, and who of happiness. Positive emotion: Integrating the light sides and dark sides, 473-495. - Lyubomirsky, S., King, L., & Diener, E. (2005). The benefits of frequent positive affect: Does happiness lead to success?. Psychological bulletin, 131(6), 803. - Vaillant, G. E. (2008). Aging well: Surprising guideposts to a happier life from the landmark study of adult development. Hachette UK. - Fuchsman, K. (2023). Harvard Grant Study of Adult Development: 1938–2022. Journal of Psychohistory, 51(1). - Atherton, O. E., Graham, E. K., Dorame, A. N., Horgan, D., Luo, J., Nevarez, M. D., ... & Lee, L. O. (2023). Is there intergenerational continuity in early life experiences? Findings from the Harvard Study of Adult Development. Journal of Family Psychology. - Hart, J. (2023). Harvard Study of Adult Development: Human Connection is Key to Health and Well-Being. Integrative and Complementary Therapies, 29(3), 122-124. - Atir, S., Wald, K. A., & Epley, N. (2022). Talking with strangers is surprisingly informative. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 119(34), e2206992119. - Schroeder, J., Lyons, D., & Epley, N. (2022). Hello, stranger? Pleasant conversations are preceded by concerns about starting one. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 151(5), 1141. - Epley, N., & Schroeder, J. (2014). Mistakenly seeking solitude. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 143(5), 1980.

Welcome to the Areni Global podcast. Today's episode is entitled “Marketing, Pleasure, and Responsible Choices: In Conversation with Professor Pierre Chandon”. Host Pauline Vicard and Professor Chandon spend some time discussing how to promote healthier consumption choices using the notion of pleasure. Dr. Chandon's research deals with understanding how marketers can continue to grow their businesses without contributing to the negative effects of over eating & drinking, his latest research, Aligning Business, Health & Pleasure through Epicurean Nudging is the focus of today's conversation, and with this in mind Pauline dive's into how to encourage food & wine appreciation using moderation and discernment  More about today's guest Professor Pierre Chandon: Pierre Chandon is the L'Oréal Chaired Professor of Marketing, Innovation and Creativity at INSEAD in France, and the Director of the INSEAD-Sorbonne University Behavioural Lab. He holds a PhD in marketing from HEC Paris, an MS in Business Administration from ESSEC, and an honorary professorship from Pacific University in Lima, Peru. Prior to joining INSEAD, Pierre Chandon was a faculty of the London Business School and of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. He has also held visiting positions at Kellogg, Wharton, and Harvard Business School. Pierre Chandon studies innovative marketing solutions to better align business growth with consumer health and wellbeing. His research has been published in marketing journals (Journal of Consumer Research, Journal of Marketing Research, Journal of Marketing, and Marketing Science) and in psychology or nutrition journals (Appetite, Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, Nutrition Reviews, Obesity, and Psychological Science). Learn more about Professor Pierre Chandon: linkedin.com/in/pierrechandon pierrechandon.com  https://twitter.com/pierrechandon https://www.instagram.com/insead https://www.facebook.com/INSEAD/ https://www.instagram.com/insead More about today's host:  Pauline Vicard is the Co-Founder and Executive Director of Areni Global. She was born and raised into a winemaking family in Burgundy, and she has been working in the wine sector for the last 15 years both in Europe and Internationally, in the market research department of the Burgundy wine office and the French Embassy, before creating her own corporate wine events and education company in Lille, France. She moved to London in 2015 to spearhead the Wine Library of the unique and acclaimed Clerkenwell London, a multi-space design destination, before developing the concept of Fine Minds 4 Fine Wines with Nicole Rolet that led to the creation of Areni Global. Pauline now directs all Areni's activities, when she is not studying for the Master of Wine exam or playing ultimate frisbee. Learn more about Areni Global: Website: https://areni.global/ Facebook: @FM4FW Twitter: @areniglobal Instagram: @areniglobal Linkedin: https://www.linkedin.com/company/areni-global/ If you want to read the cliff notes on today's interview, just head to https://areni.global/research/podcasts/   Thank you for joining us today!  “Through a comprehensive research and publication programme, ARENI exists to inform, inspire and empower those invested in the future of Fine Wine”.

Hva skjer når du ber folk om å bare sitte og tenke? Prøver man da å distrahere seg selv? Hvor behagelig synes folk det er å sitte og tenke? Dette ble undersøkt i en studie publisert i 2022 av Hatano og kollegaer. Resultatene fra studien blir presentert og diskutert i denne episoden. Hatano, A., Ogulmus, C., Shigemasu, H., & Murayama, K. (2022). Thinking about thinking: People underestimate how enjoyable and engaging just waiting is. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 151(12), 3213–3229. https://doi.org/10.1037/xge0001255

Durant cet épisode, je discute avec Maxime Trempe de l'apprentissage de gestes techniques, et plus particulièrement de la consolidation, pour ensuite explorer la pertinence de la réalitée virtuelle dans l'entrainement à la prise de décisions. À propos de Maxime Trempe: Maxime est professeur à l'Université Bishop's et directeur du programme d'Études sportives. Il a complété un Ph.D. en Sciences de l'activité physique à l'Université de Montréal ainsi qu'un baccalauréat en kinésiologie. Ses travaux de recherche portent principalement sur l'apprentissage du mouvement ainsi que sur la prise de décision dans les sports collectifs. Maxime a travaillé comme personne-ressource pour le Diplôme avancé en entrainement de l'INS ainsi que comme formateur de responsables du développement des entraineurs pour le PNCE, deux travails qui lui permis de mettre à profit ses 15 années d'expérience en tant qu'entraineur et moniteur de ski alpin. Pour rejoindre Maxime: mtrempe@ubishops.ca NOTES D'ÉMISSION Introduction de Maxime Trempe. (0:53) Sujet de la définition et l'explication de l'application de la consolidation d'un geste technique à la réalité virtuelle et l'influence que ça peut avoir. (2:17) Qu'est ce qui a emmené Maxime vers le coaching de base? (6:33) Qu'est ce qui a emmené  Maxime dans un baccalauréat en kinésiologie et a complété un doctorat en sciences activités physiques spécialisés sur l'apprentissage moteur? (8:44) Discussion d'un article de Maxime Trempe, Maxime Sabourin, Luc Proteau, janvier 2012 « Success Modulates Consolidation of a Visiomotor AdaptationTask. » (11:42) L'apprentissage du mouvement et d'un geste technique. (14:59) La consolidation d'une tâche technique. (16:36) La relation avec ton niveau initial de performance. (20:06) La perception subjective d'un niveau initial. (21:56) Un système de renforcement, un signal dans le cerveau. (25:06) Le sommeil a un impact sur le développement d'un athlète. (27:43) Est-ce que la perception subjective est la perception interne de l'athlète/l'apprenant ou ça peut aussi être ce que l'entraîneur va influencer à percevoir? (28:56) Définir les problèmes. (35:37) Est-ce qu' il y a un pourcentage recommandé pour les ‘high performers'? (39:20) Simulation à changer avec les ‘high achievers.' (42:08) ‘Low level achievement and high level achievement'. (45:48) À quel point est-ce important pour Maxime de gagner quand il joue avec ses amis? (50:05) Qu'est ce qui amène Maxime à continuer à être impliqué dans la communauté et les formations? (52:30) Réalité virtuelle pour améliorer la prise de décision des joueurs. (54:05) La valeur ajoutée de la réalité virtuelle comparativement à un écran d'ordinateur. (1:00:57) Est-ce que la réalité virtuelle serait plus importante pour des joueurs dans des positions réactives? (1:04:12) Comment utiliser davantage le temps pour améliorer l'apprentissage de la prise de décisions des athlètes?  (1:04:38) Question : Quand tu penses à quelqu'un qui a réussi dans le monde du sport, à qui tu penses en premier et pourquoi? (1:11:05) Question : Si tu pouvais mettre une citation sur un ‘jumbotron' dans un aréna ou un stade, ça serait laquelle et qu'est-ce que tu aimerais que les gens comprennent? (1:13:38) Domaine de l'apprentissage du mouvement. (1:17:38) PERSONNES ET ORGANISATIONS MENTIONNÉES ‍‍Maxime Trempe Maxime Trempe (researchgate.net) ‍Université Bishop's Bishop's University | Quebec Canada | English University (ubishops.ca) ‍Université de Montréal Université de Montréal (umontreal.ca) ‍PNCE (Programme national de certification des entraîneurs) À propos du PNCE - Sports Québec (sportsquebec.com) ‍Luc Proteau Luc Proteau (researchgate.net) ‍Maxime Sabourin Maxime Sabourin's research works | Université de Montréal, Montréal (UdeM) and other places (researchgate.net) ‍Journal of Experimental Psychology Journal of Experimental Psychology: General (apa.org) ‍Revue ‘Nature' Nature ‍Caleb Pagé (8) Caleb Pagé | Facebook ‍Bode Miller Bode Miller: Big Sky, Montana ‍

Découvrez le livre NEUROSAPIENS, sorti le 26 janvier aux éditions Les Arènes ! Pour apprendre à créer rapidement et à moindre coût son podcast, c'est par ici ! Vous pensez peut-être avoir “mauvaise mémoire”, comparé à d'autres personnes capables de retenir un tas d'informations (les dates des événements historiques, une liste de courses …). Pourtant, il se pourrait simplement que vous n'utilisiez pas des méthodes de mémorisation efficaces. Production, animation, réalisation et illustration : Anaïs Roux Instagram : https://www.instagram.com/neurosapiens.podcast/ Ecriture : Thaïs Marques Son Instagram : https://www.instagram.com/study_and_t/?hl=fr   Produit et distribué en association avec LACME Production. Audio :  Play-Doh meets Dora - Carmen María and Edu Espinal Sources :  Twomey, C., & Kroneisen, M. (2021). The effectiveness of the loci method as a mnemonic device: Meta-analysis. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 74(8), 1317-1326. Caplan, J. B., Legge, E. L., Cheng, B., & Madan, C. R. (2019). Effectiveness of the method of loci is only minimally related to factors that should influence imagined navigation. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 72(10), 2541-2553. Maguire, E. A., Valentine, E. R., Wilding, J. M., & Kapur, N. (2003). Routes to remembering: the brains behind superior memory. Nature neuroscience, 6(1), 90-95. Dresler, M., Shirer, W. R., Konrad, B. N., Müller, N. C., Wagner, I. C., Fernández, G., ... & Greicius, M. D. (2017). Mnemonic training reshapes brain networks to support superior memory. Neuron, 93(5), 1227-1235. McCabe, J. A. (2015). Location, location, location! Demonstrating the mnemonic benefit of the method of loci. Teaching of Psychology, 42(2), 169-173. Carney, R. N., Levin, J. R., & Levin, M. E. (1994). Enhancing the psychology of memory by enhancing memory of psychology. Teaching of Psychology, 21(3), 171-174. Klein, S. B., & Kihlstrom, J. F. (1986). Elaboration, organization, and the self-reference effect in memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 115(1), 26.

"We should every night call ourselves to an account: What infirmity have I mastered today? What passions opposed? What temptation resisted? What virtue acquired? Our vices will abate of themselves if they be brought every day to the shrift." - Seneca, "Moral Letters to Lucilius," Letter 83."At the end of the day, you should always be able to ask yourself: What weakness did I overcome today? What virtue did I acquire?" - Marcus Aurelius, "Meditations," Book 5, Section 9 (paraphrased).Three years ago, I started journaling everynight before bed. Inspired by renowned writer Jim Collins (Author of Good to Great & Built to Last), I developed a system that not only allows me to reflect on my day but also to objectively rate my experiences, track my progress, and sometimes preserve my memories by saving photographs. This week, I will share my personal approach to journaling and offer you the tools to start your own journal which will foster personal growth and allow you to gain a deeper insight into your life experiences. Journaling every night has become an integral and profoundly impactful activity in my life, one that I hope to continue indefinitely. When I tell people that I journal, I'm amazed at how many friends and mentors will share with me that they journal too. There are many remarkable people throughout history that journaled, including Leonardo da Vinci, Charles Darwin, Theodore Roosevelt, Thomas Edison, Ernest Hemingway, Winston Churchill, John Adams, Ludwig van Beethoven, Marcus Aurelius, Seneca, and Epictetus.In my three years of consistent journaling, I have experienced numerous benefits that have significantly impacted my life, both in terms of self-awareness and overall well-being. Here are the main advantages that I have discovered through this daily practice:* Enhanced reflection and gratitude: Journaling at the end of the night provides me an opportunity to reflect on the day's events and appreciate the positive experiences that might otherwise be overshadowed by our natural tendency to dwell on negative occurrences. This practice helps to cultivate gratitude and fosters a more balanced perspective on my daily life.* Greater understanding of the connection between my activities and my emotions: Journaling allows me to analyze how the choices I make throughout the day impact my mood and overall satisfaction. For example, I've noticed a clear correlation between exercising and experiencing positive emotions at the end of the day, while poor diet choices and excessive screen time often lead to negative feelings. This awareness enables me to break unproductive patterns and prioritize activities that contribute to my happiness and well-being. As a self-proclaimed data nerd, this insight is particularly valuable for making informed decisions about my daily routine.* A valuable record for future reference and reminiscing: Maintaining a running log of my experiences, thoughts, and emotions creates a treasure trove of memories and insights that can be revisited and enjoyed at any time. With my digital journal, I can easily look back to a specific date, search for moments shared with a particular person, or explore similar experiences from the past. This archive not only serves as a powerful tool for personal growth but also allows me to reconnect with cherished memories and appreciate the journey I've been on.Here are some practical examples of how journaling helped me. After my friend Joe passed away, I wanted to reminisce about the memories we shared together. I wondered when we had last spent time together. By searching my journal, I could relive the moments I had saved about Joe. It was a healing experience, allowing me to recall the wonderful times we had in greater detail.One of my favorite features on Facebook is the "memories" feature, where you can look back on posts and pictures from the same day in previous years. I do the same thing with my journal. I'll look back one year from today and read about what I was doing at that time. Since it's my personal journal and not my public Facebook page, the entries are more personal and genuine compared to what I share with the world on Facebook. It helps me remember and appreciate my experiences from a year ago, which I often forget. Most recently, this was helpful because I could look back on my beginnings as a runner. I could see my excitement from a year ago when I completed my first full run around the lake. I was able to relive the thrill of that accomplishment back then, but I also appreciated the progress I've made since. I now regularly complete that run and in much less time. It's nice to take a moment to celebrate my progress and improvement as a runner. The journal allowed me to do this. Here's How: A Bullet Proof System for JournalingThe Tools: * Google Form to Record My Journal (Shared Below)* Google Calendar Reminder: To remind me every night to journal. * Short Cut on My Phone Home Screen: Instructions below for setting it up on iPhone. My Journaling Process: Each night, I get a reminder from my Google Calendar at 9:30pm to remind me to journal. In the calendar reminder there is a link to the Google Form to complete my journal. I also have the link saved on the homescreen of my iPhone and in my bookmark toolbar on Google Chrome. This way I can always quickly get into the journal. It's important to make it as easy as possible to journal. As we talked about before, I like to apply the principles from the book "Atomic Habits." I use "The Four Laws of Behavior Change" to create new habits: make it obvious, make it attractive, make it easy, and make it satisfying. The goal is to make journaling as easy as possible. Remembering to journal and then starting to write is probably the hardest part. Once I'm in the journal I begin by rating my day on a scale from -2 to 2, with 2 representing an incredible, unforgettable day and -2 signifying a particularly challenging or difficult one. While this rating is inherently subjective, I strive to maintain as much objectivity as possible in my assessment. The rating provides a quantifiable measurement of my satisfaction with the day. Following this, I proceed to write a journal entry detailing the events of my day. Some entries are concise, consisting of just a sentence or two, while others span multiple paragraphs, delving into the nuances and emotions of my experiences. To complement my written reflections, I also have the option to upload photographs from the day, creating a visual record of my memories if I feel it would be helpful.To facilitate this daily practice, I've created a straightforward and user-friendly Google Form, which serves as the platform for my journal entries. I like it because it's completely free and it's very easy to use and edit. I'll share a copy that you can use to kickstart your own journaling journey. Here are Two Examples from My Journals: A Good Day & A Bad DayI thought it might be helpful for you to see two examples from my own journal. Here is an example of a gread day. Friday - 5/5/2023 - Rating: 2 (Great Day) Today was a fantastic day, even though I didn't accomplish much work. I began by taking a refreshing run around the lake before indulging in a bath, despite knowing I probably shouldn't. (Baths correlate with lazy days for me.) Later, I had a conversation with PNC bank, and Laken arrived home from work earlier than expected.We embarked on our vacation to Grand Haven and Spring Lake, making a pitstop at the XXXXX Donuts production facility. Lane had an incredible opportunity to create his own donuts, while the owner, gave us a tour of the facility. It was really cool to learn that he can produce up to 14,000 donuts per day, with the potential to expand even further.Our journey continued to Grand Haven, where I'm scheduled to skydive with Skydive Grand Haven at 1 pm on Saturday. We checked into the Holiday Inn in Spring Lake, which has an excellent location right by the water, both outdoor and indoor pools, a fitness center, and a good price. The hotel even has boat docks and a spacious parking lot. We should come back. For dinner, we went to Fuel, which turned out to be great. Afterward, we visited Michael and Noella's home. They have an extensive circle of neighbor friends, all with children of their own. At one point, there must have been 20 kids playing in the yard. Lane had a blast and was the center of attention, bringing the donuts for everyone to enjoy. Lane climbed a tree for the first time with the help of some friendly girls. It was great to see him getting along with the kids so well.I couldn't help but feel a bit of envy towards Michael and Noella for having such a close-knit group of friends as neighbors, and their children having so many playmates their age. Perhaps "jealousy" isn't the right word – it's more of a longing for Lane to have a similar network of friends, especially since he doesn't have siblings. It made me wish we could provide him with a larger community to grow up alongside.We all gathered around a bonfire while the children played, and the adults shared some drinks, yard games, & pickleball. We returned to the hotel and settled in for the night around 10 pm, bringing an end to a great family day.Here is an example of a bad day: 4/24/2023 - Rating -2 (A very Bad Day) I was feeling extremely unwell today due to a stomach bug. Nausea and stomach upset all day long. The sickness lasted for about 24 hours, and I couldn't eat anything. It was brutal. Lots of time in the bathroom. Initially, I thought my poor eating habits from the previous days caused it, but it seems more like food poisoning. I must remember to eat healthy. It might not have caused this issues but it never helps. Indulging in unhealthy food may provide momentary pleasure, but I always feel like s**t later. By choosing to eat healthily, I might sacrifice those brief moments of satisfaction, but I will feel much better most of the time. I am committed to improving my diet.Historic Greats: Journal Keepers and ThinkersMany famous people throughout history have kept journals or diaries as a way to record their thoughts, experiences, and ideas. Here are a few notable individuals who were known to write in their journals regularly, often on a nightly basis:* Leonardo da Vinci the famous Italian artist and polymath who wrote extensively in his notebooks and journals throughout his life, covering a wide range of topics including art, science, engineering, and anatomy.* Charles Darwin, the biologist, kept detailed journals and notebooks during his journey on the HMS Beagle, where he recorded his observations and ideas that would later form the foundation of his theory of evolution.* Theodore Roosevelt, the 26th President of the United States, was a dedicated journal-keeper who recorded his thoughts and experiences from his time as a young naturalist and explorer to his years in the White House.* Thomas Edison, the American inventor and businessman, documented his ideas, experiments, and inventions throughout his life in numerous notebooks and journals.* Ernest Hemingway, the American author and journalist, maintained journals and notebooks during his travels and writing career, which gave insight into his creative process and personal experiences.* Winston Churchill, a British statesman and author who served as Prime Minister during World War II, kept a diary that documented his thoughts and experiences during his time in office.* John Adams, the second President of the United States, was a prolific writer who kept diaries and journals throughout his life, recording his thoughts on politics, philosophy, and personal matters.* Ludwig van Beethoven, the composer and pianist, documented his thoughts on music, art, and life in a series of conversation books and personal journals.——-The Science of Journaling every night and the benefits You know I love data. So here it is… Research has consistently shown that regular journaling offers a range of significant benefits for individuals, including enhanced emotional well-being, stress reduction, improved immune function, better cognitive performance, and improved sleep quality. By expressing thoughts and emotions through writing, individuals can process traumatic experiences, better manage stress, and even boost their immune system. Journaling also helps to organize thoughts, clarify ideas, and facilitate problem-solving, leading to improved cognitive processing and working memory capacity. Furthermore, engaging in journaling before bedtime has been linked to reduced worry and stress, resulting in better sleep quality. Overall, nightly journaling can contribute to a healthier, more balanced lifestyle with numerous physical and psychological benefits.* Emotional well-being: A study conducted by Pennebaker and Beall (1986) demonstrated that expressive writing or journaling about emotional experiences can lead to improvements in mental health. Participants who wrote about traumatic experiences showed significant decreases in distress and better overall well-being compared to those who wrote about neutral topics.Source: Pennebaker, J. W., & Beall, S. K. (1986). Confronting a traumatic event: Toward an understanding of inhibition and disease. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 95(3), 274-281.* Stress reduction: A study by Smyth et al. (1998) found that writing about emotional experiences helped to reduce stress and improve health outcomes for participants with chronic illnesses. Source: Smyth, J. M., Stone, A. A., Hurewitz, A., & Kaell, A. (1998). Effects of writing about stressful experiences on symptom reduction in patients with asthma or rheumatoid arthritis: a randomized trial. Journal of the American Medical Association, 281(14), 1304-1309.* Improved immune function: A study by Pennebaker et al. (1988) found that writing about emotional experiences can boost immune function. Participants who engaged in expressive writing exhibited increased T-lymphocyte production, an essential component of the immune system.Source: Pennebaker, J. W., Kiecolt-Glaser, J. K., & Glaser, R. (1988). Disclosure of traumas and immune function: health implications for psychotherapy. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 56(2), 239-245.* Enhanced cognitive function: Journaling can help improve cognitive function by organizing thoughts, clarifying ideas, and facilitating problem-solving. A study by Klein and Boals (2001) found that participants who engaged in expressive writing showed improved working memory capacity, which is crucial for cognitive processing.Source: Klein, K., & Boals, A. (2001). Expressive writing can increase working memory capacity. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 130(3), 520-533.* Improved sleep: Journaling before bedtime can help reduce bedtime worry and stress, making it easier to fall asleep. A study by Harvey et al. (2002) found that participants who engaged in journaling before bedtime reported improvements in sleep quality. Source: Harvey, A. G., & Farrell, C. (2003). The efficacy of a Pennebaker-like writing intervention for poor sleepers. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 41(2), 227-236.These studies provide evidence of the potential benefits of regular journaling, particularly when focusing on emotional experiences or engaging in expressive writing. Journaling every night may help individuals process emotions, reduce stress, improve cognitive function, and enhance overall well-being. I know it has for me personally. In conclusion, my three-year experiment with nightly journaling has profoundly impacted my life positively. I has fostered self-awareness, personal growth, and overall well-being. By sharing my approach, I encourage you to start your own journaling practice and join the ranks of remarkable individuals who have experienced the countless benefits of this powerful tool. Journaling can offer you enhanced reflection, gratitude, and valuable insights into your life, ultimately enriching your experiences and promoting personal growth. I encourage you to give it a try. Grab a pen or set up a digital journal and start recording your journey today. Who knows? You might just discover the transformative power of journaling for yourself. Please let me know what you think about this post. Do you journal? Do you want to start? I'd love to hear from you. To get a copy of my journaling tool, just email me or leave a comment below. Make it Easy: Here is How To Add A Shortcut To Your Journal On Your iPhone or AndroidiPhone or iPad* Open Safari. Other browsers, such as Chrome, won't work for this.* Navigate to the website you want to save to your home screen by entering the URL of the website you want to create a shortcut to. Make sure you visit the exact page you want to open through the shortcut. Tap “Go.”* Tap the Share button on the bottom of the page. It looks like a square with an arrow pointing out of the top.* In the list of options that appear, scroll down until you see Add to Home Screen. Tap this. The Add to Home Screen dialog box will appear.* Choose a name for the website shortcut on your home screen. You'll see the link so you can confirm it, as well as the site's favicon that will appear as the "app" icon on your home screen. Click Add when you're done. Safari will close automatically and you will be taken to where the icon is located on your iPhone's or iPad's home screen.* Now just tap the new "app" or shortcut on your home screen, and it will open the website in its own navigation window, independent of what you have open in Safari.Android* Open Chrome.* Navigate to the website or web page you want to pin to your home screen.* Tap the menu icon (3 dots in upper right-hand corner) and tap Add to homescreen.* Choose a name for the website shortcut, then Chrome will add it to your home screen. Get full access to Year Of The Opposite - Travis Stoliker's Substack at www.yearoftheopposite.com/subscribe

Dit is een herhaling van aflevering 10 met een update over het meest recente onderzoek naar dit onderwerp (Quinlan et al., 2022). Lezen heeft allerlei positieve effecten op de taalontwikkeling van kinderen. Meer recent zijn onderzoekers geïnteresseerd geraakt in mogelijke andere positieve effecten van lezen. In deze aflevering gaan we in op één zo'n mogelijk effect. Rolf en Anita proberen aan de hand van recente wetenschappelijke literatuur de vraag te beantwoorden of je van het lezen van literatuur socialer wordt. Meer over de signaaldetectietheorie vind je in Hoofdstuk 15 van het boek Drang naar Samenhang: De Psychologie van het Begrijpen. BronnenBrysbaert, M., Sui, L., Dirix, N., & Hintz, F. (2020). Dutch Author Recognition Test. Journal of Cognition, 3(1), 6. DOI: http://doi.org/10.5334/joc.95Kidd, D. C., Castano, E. (2013). Reading literary fiction improves theory of mind. Science, 342, 377–380. doi:10.1126/science.1239918Van Kuijk, I., Verkoeijen, P., Dijkstra, K., Zwaan, R. A. (2018). The effect of reading a short passage of literary fiction on theory of mind: A replication of Kidd and Castano (2013). Collabra: Psychology, 4, 7. https://doi.org/10.1525/collabra.117Lenhart, J., Dangel, J., & Richter, T. (2020). The relationship between lifetime book reading and empathy in adolescents: Examining transportability as a moderator. Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts. https://doi.org/10.1037/aca0000341Mar, R. A., Oatley, K., Hirsh, J. dela Paz, J., & Peterson, J. B. (2006). Bookworms versus nerds: Exposure to fiction versus non-fiction, divergent associations with social ability,and the simulation of fictional social worlds. Journal of Research in Personality, 40,694–712. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2005.08.002Quinlan, J. A., Padgett, J. K., Khajehnassiri, A., & Mar, R. A. (2022, October 20). Does a Brief Exposure to Literary Fiction Improve Social Ability? Assessing the Evidential Value of Published Studies With a p-Curve. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General. Advance online publication. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/xge0001302Zwaan, R.A., Etz, A., Lucas, R.E., & Donnellan, M.B. (2018). Making replication mainstream. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 41, E120. https://doi:10.1017/S0140525X17001972 Met speciale dank aan Lynn Eekhof voor een overzicht van recente literatuur over dit onderwerp.Muziek geschreven en gespeeld door Rolf Zwaan Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

i used to swear by multitasking. from the moment i woke to the minutes before i fell asleep, i prided myself with my ability do to multiple things at once. this practice that was once seen as the ultimate productivity practice is now being revealed as one that actually is not only hindering your productivity BUT ALSO could be causing brain damage... say whaaaattt??! in this episode, i share several academic studies supporting the idea that not multi-tasking is actually the way to go. ______________ References: Yeung, N. & Monsell, S. (2003). Switching between tasks of unequal familiarity: The role of stimulus-attribute and response-set selection. Journal of Experimental Psychology-Human Perception and Performance, 29(2): 455-469. Meyer, D. E. & Kieras, D. E. (1997a). A computational theory of executive cognitive processes and multiple-task performance: Part 1. Basic mechanisms. Psychological Review, 104, 3-65. Rogers, R. & Monsell, S. (1995). The costs of a predictable switch between simple cognitive tasks. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 124, 207-231. ______________ More resources: find more free resources from Project Purpose, the initiative i started to simplify personal development: projectpurpose.be want to start bullet journaling? i created Betta Bullets to make this research-backed productivity tool easy to use (it's free!): bettabullets.com

Waarom is de een niet vooruit te branden op het werk en gaat de ander maar door? Waarom kan de een best relaxen terwijl het thuis een teringbende is, en raakt de ander in de stress als de tijdschriften niet helemaal zijn afgestoft? Deze aflevering bespreken we 'consciëntieusheid'. Voor meer persoonlijkheidsfeitjes volg ons op Instagram of TikTok!Lees, kijk en luistertips

Summary Background music impacts the way we work in surprising ways.   Transcript Welcome to episode 152 of the Leadership Today podcast where each week we bring research to life in your leadership. This week we look at the impact of background music upon the way we work. I remember an office I used to work in that had a radio. I know - I'm showing my age a bit here, but the modern equivalent might be putting on some headphones. At the start of the day someone would turn the radio on to a fairly bland radio station. The radio wasn't too loud, but it was a constant presence in the background. There was always some mix of music or conversation.  I didn't mind the radio much. For me it made the office space feel less sterile and more active. Others weren't so keen on the constant music. But what impact did that background music have on our work performance? I would have assumed very little, but research has demonstrated that background music can indeed impact the way we work. Researchers had participants complete a range of tasks with three different conditions - in silence, with background music at a relatively slow tempo, and with the same music at a faster tempo. The researchers found that background music resulted in people working faster but less accurately. And that effect was independent of the tempo of the music. The researchers believe the background music made people less cautious. This allowed people to work faster, but also produced more errors. Brain processing is a limited resource. It appears that processing music can reduce the resources available for decision making. To compensate, our brain throws some of our usual caution to the wind. The researchers did consider that perhaps it just wasn't the right music for the participants. Maybe when you have that brilliant track you love playing it feels like you can work more effectively. What we want to aim for is music that improves our mood, but that doesn't distract us. Familiar music could be fine. But if you're regularly listening to new music while working, you might want to try mixing things up a bit. It could be impacting you in ways you don't expect. If you found this episode helpful, I would love it if you could take a minute to provide a rating and review. This really helps others to find the podcast. Have a great week.   Reference Perez Santangelo, A., Ludwig, C. J. H., Navajas, J., Sigman, M., & Leone, M. J. (2022). Background music changes the policy of human decision-making: Evidence from experimental and drift-diffusion model-based approaches on different decision tasks. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1037/xge0001189

“The single biggest problem in communication, is the illusion that it has taken place” is een bekende uitspraak van George Bernard Shaw. Maar zijn we echt zo slecht in het inschatten van ons vermogen om succesvol te communiceren? Geldt dit voor zowel spreker als luisteraar? En kunnen we de kans op succesvolle communicatie beter inschatten als de kans daarop sowieso kleiner is, bijvoorbeeld als de spreker en luisteraar elkaars taal niet spreken? Aan de hand van recent psychologisch onderzoek proberen we deze vragen te beantwoorden.BronnenChang, V. Y., Arora, V. M., Lev-Ari, S., D'Arcy, M., & Keysar, B. (2010). Interns overestimate the effectiveness of their hand-off communication. Pediatrics, 125, 491–496. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2009-0351Lau, B.K.Y., Geipel, J., Wu, Y., & Keysar, B. (2022, April 4). The extreme illusion of understanding. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General. Advance online publication. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/xge0001213 Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Cleotilde González es profesora de investigación en el Departamento de Ciencias Sociales y Toma de Decisiones de la Universidad Carnegie Mellon. Coty, como le gusta que la llamen, centra su trabajo de investigación en el estudio de la toma de decisiones humanas en entornos dinámicos y complejos.En este episodio, Coty nos relata la evolución de su carrera profesional que combina las ciencias de la computación y la psicología. Viviendo el nacimiento de conceptos como el de Interacción Humano Computadora pronto se dio cuenta que la toma de decisiones era el tema en el que quería orientar sus investigaciones. Desde ese entonces, ha realizado importantes contribuciones en este tema adentrándose tanto en el área de la psicología que recientemente fue reconocida como miembro de por vida de la Sociedad de Ciencias Cognitivas de los Estados Unidos.Es la directora fundadora del Dynamic Decision Making Laboratory , donde los investigadores realizan estudios de comportamiento sobre la toma de decisiones dinámicas utilizando juegos de toma de decisiones, y crean tecnologías y modelos computacionales cognitivos para apoyar la toma de decisiones y el entrenamiento. Coty está afiliada al CyLab Security and Privacy Institute, The HCII Human-Computer Interaction Institute, The Societal Computing program, y The CNBC Center for Neural Basis of Cognition  en la Universidad Carnegie Mellon. Es miembro vitalicio de la Cognitive Science Society  y de la Human Factors and Ergonomics Society. También es miembro del Consejo de Cognitive Science Society. Es editora principal de Topics in Cognitive Science, editora consultora de Decision y editora asociada de System Dynamics Review. También es miembro de los consejos editoriales de otras muchas revistas, como: Cognitive Science, Journal of Experimental Psychology-General, Human Factors y otras.

Learn about why successful people should reveal their failures; the death of planet WASP-12b; and Dutch “tulip mania.” A Reason to Reveal Your Failures by Kelsey Donk HBS Working Knowledge. (2018, December 11). Why Managers Should Reveal Their Failures. Forbes. https://www.forbes.com/sites/hbsworkingknowledge/2018/12/11/why-managers-should-reveal-their-failures/#695e82c362e2  Envy Can Be Good for You. (2019). Curiosity.com. https://curiosity.com/topics/envy-can-be-good-for-you-curiosity  Brooks, A. W., Huang, K., Abi-Esber, N., Buell, R. W., Huang, L., & Hall, B. (2019). Mitigating malicious envy: Why successful individuals should reveal their failures. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 148(4), 667–687. https://doi.org/10.1037/xge0000538  The Death of Planet WASP-12b by Grant Currin Planet WASP-12b is on a death spiral, say Princeton scientists. (2020). EurekAlert! https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2020-01/pu-pwi010820.php  The Planet WASP-12b Is Hot As Hades And Dark As Night. (2017). Curiosity.com. https://curiosity.com/topics/the-planet-wasp-12b-is-hot-as-hades-and-dark-as-night-curiosity  Hubble Captures Blistering Pitch-Black Planet. (2011). NASA. https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2017/hubble-captures-blistering-pitch-black-planet   Tulips Cost More Than Houses During Dutch "Tulip Mania" by Cody Gough: https://curiosity.com/topics/tulips-cost-more-than-houses-during-dutch-tulip-mania-curiosity  Follow Curiosity Daily on your favorite podcast app to get smarter withCody Gough andAshley Hamer — for free! Still curious? Get exclusive science shows, nature documentaries, and more real-life entertainment on discovery+! Go to https://discoveryplus.com/curiosity to start your 7-day free trial. discovery+ is currently only available for US subscribers. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Learn about why researchers are developing new GMO foods like golden rice; why you underestimate how often others are thinking about you; and how your brain knows when you're uncomfortable and you need to change your position. FDA's Feed Your Mind website: https://www.fda.gov/food/consumers/agricultural-biotechnology  You regularly underestimate how often someone else is thinking about you by Steffie Drucker Liking gap episode: https://www.curiositydaily.com/road-to-the-8-hour-workday-the-liking-gap-shocking-tomatoes/ Actually, Everyone Is Thinking About You. (2021, September 16). Vice.com. https://www.vice.com/en/article/epx43m/actually-everyone-is-thinking-about-you  Cooney, G., Boothby, E. J., & Lee, M. (2021). The thought gap after conversation: Underestimating the frequency of others' thoughts about us. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1037/xge0001134  Cuncic, A. (2012). Spotlight Effect: Not Everyone is Looking at You. Verywell Mind. https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-the-spotlight-effect-3024470  How the brain tells us to change position by Ashley Hamer (Listener question from Constanza in Mexico City) Why do we roll over when we're asleep. (2014). Why do we roll over when we're asleep? › Ask an Expert (ABC Science). Abc.net.au. https://doi.org/https://www.abc.net.au/science/articles/2014/01/28/3861788.htm  ‌Institute of Medicine (US) Committee on Pain, Disability, and Chronic Illness Behavior, Osterweis, M., Kleinman, A., & Mechanic, D. (2015). The Anatomy and Physiology of Pain. Nih.gov; National Academies Press (US). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK219252/ ‌ Bedsores. (2021). Hopkinsmedicine.org. https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/bedsores  ‌Resnick, B. (2016, June 6). Ever wake up to a numb, dead arm? Here's what's happening. Vox. https://www.vox.com/2016/6/6/11854588/numb-arm-sleep  Follow Curiosity Daily on your favorite podcast app to learn something new every day withCody Gough andAshley Hamer. Still curious? Get exclusive science shows, nature documentaries, and more real-life entertainment on discovery+! Go to https://discoveryplus.com/curiosity to start your 7-day free trial. discovery+ is currently only available for US subscribers. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

If you're learning a language, you need to know about dialects. Dialects are different ways of speaking a language – think British English vs. American English. But when you're learning your target language, should you absorb multiple dialects, or just one? In this podcast, your guide Emily (linguist, PhD) shares why dialects matter, and the 4 things you need to know about them in order to reach your language goals!Sign up here for more FREE language learning content (like the awesome goal-setting worksheet we mentioned in the podcast): https://info.mangolanguages.com/glc-signupIf you'd like the blog article that accompanies this episode, click here: https://blog.mangolanguages.com/the-dialect-dilemma-when-learning-a-language-do-you-need-to-pick-and-stick-to-one-specific-dialect-it-depends.-heres-whyWe also invite you to check out our website at: https://mangolanguages.com/ and follow us on social media @MangoLanguages. And remember – language is an adventure. Enjoy the ride!Wondering what languages were used in today's episode? Punjabi (Pakistani) | السلام علیکم means hello (lit. 'peace be upon you.')  رب راکھا۔ (rab raakhaa) means goodbye (lit. god savior)French | Sans plus tarder means ‘Well, without further ado'Interested in learning English, Punjabi, French, or one of the other 70+ languages that the Mango app offers? Click here to learn more!  https://mangolanguages.com/appWant to know more about the role of dialectal diversity in language learning?Ringer‐Hilfinger, K. (2012). Learner acquisition of dialect variation in a study abroad context: The case of the Spanish [θ]. Foreign Language Annals, 45(3), 430-446.Walker, A. (2019). The role of dialect experience in topic-based shifts in speech production. Language Variation and Change, 31(2), 135-163.Williams, G. P., Panayotov, N., & Kempe, V. (2020). How does dialect exposure affect learning to read and spell? An artificial orthography study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General.Cheng, C. C. (1996). Quantifying dialect mutual intelligibility. In New horizons in Chinese linguistics (pp. 269-292). Springer, Dordrecht.Emily Sabo (PhD, University of Michigan) is a linguist at Mango Languages. A Pittsburgh native, her areas of specialization are the social and cognitive factors that impact bilingual language processing. Having studied 7 languages and lived in various countries abroad, she sees multilingualism -- and the cultural diversity that accompanies it -- as the coolest of superpowers. Complementary to her work at Mango, Emily is a Lecturer of Spanish at the University of Tennessee, a Producer of the “We Are What We Speak' docuseries, and get this...a storytelling standup comedian!#languagelearning #mutualintelligibility #dialects

Learn how earworms could be helping your memory; how auroras are created; and what your cat should drink instead of milk. Maybe that song stuck in your head is helping your long-term memory by Cameron Duke Karen Michele Nikos-Rose. (2021, June 15). That Song Is Stuck in Your Head, but It's Helping You to Remember. UC Davis. https://www.ucdavis.edu/news/song-stuck-in-head-helps-remember  Kubit, B. M., & Janata, P. (2021). Spontaneous mental replay of music improves memory for incidentally associated event knowledge. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General. https://doi.org/10.1037/xge0001050  We have the first experimental evidence for how auroras are created by Briana Brownell Physicists report definitive evidence how auroras are created. (2021). EurekAlert! https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2021-06/uoi-prd060321.php  ‌Auroral Electron Acceleration. (2021). Uiowa.edu. https://homepage.physics.uiowa.edu/~ghowes/research/aurora.html  Schroeder, J. W. R., Howes, G. G., Kletzing, C. A., Skiff, F., Carter, T. A., Vincena, S., & Dorfman, S. (2021). Laboratory measurements of the physics of auroral electron acceleration by Alfvén waves. Nature communications, 12(1), 1-9. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-021-23377-5.epdf A Feline Myth Debunked: Don't Give Your Cat Milk by Anna Todd Fries, W. C. (2009, July 17). Cats and Dairy: Get the Facts. WebMD; WebMD. https://pets.webmd.com/cats/guide/cats-and-dairy-get-the-facts#1  Bradshaw, J. (2019, May 20). Why can't cats drink milk? Plus 6 other feline myths. BBC Science Focus Magazine; BBC Science Focus Magazine. https://www.sciencefocus.com/nature/why-cant-cats-drink-milk-plus-6-other-feline-myths/  Causes and diagnosis of lactose intolerance. (2018, November 29). Nih.gov; Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care (IQWiG). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK310263/  Follow Curiosity Daily on your favorite podcast app to learn something new every day withCody Gough andAshley Hamer. Still curious? Get exclusive science shows, nature documentaries, and more real-life entertainment on discovery+! Go to https://discoveryplus.com/curiosity to start your 7-day free trial. discovery+ is currently only available for US subscribers. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

There are lots of tricks and tips that we can use to help remember things for exams.  But ultimately understanding material makes learning easier.  In this podcast I explore a few of the theories that underpin our understanding of long term memory and how students and teachers can use this understanding to help prepare for exams. If you want to download the video on memory you can do so here. Craik, F. I. M., & Tulving, E. (1975). Depth of processing and the retention of words in episodic memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 104(3), 268–294.

Summary What we think about people has an impact not just on how we personally perceive them, but also on their actual behaviour. There’s power when we believe in someone’s potential. Transcript Hello and welcome to episode 106 of the Leadership Today podcast where each week we bring research to life in your leadership. This week we explore the power of belief in potential. What we think about people has an impact not just on how we personally perceive them, but also on their actual behaviour. It’s an example of selective attention bias with some expectancy bias thrown in for good measure. If you think that someone is lazy, you will notice everything that they do that appears lazy. You will also ignore anything they do that is energetic and active. So, over time, we just end up thinking that they’re more and more lazy. But, on top of that, we will also modify the way we work with that person. This in turn will lead to them acting in ways that appear even more lazy. We might give them less work to complete, so they end up having more spare time. They might become less engaged, and so seem more lazy. In short, the actions we take can make the other person end up being more lazy. A recent study demonstrated this impact in a college environment. Through some laboratory and field studies, the researchers discovered that a professor’s mindset about student learning had remarkable positive and negative impacts on those students. For example, when a professor had lower expectations that people could develop and grow, their students demonstrated lower class attendance, reduced engagement in class, less end of semester interest in the subject, they felt more like an impostor in the class, and they even delivered lower grades. So if a professor (who is effectively the leader of learning) thinks you’re not likely to learn, then you, in turn, will actually be less likely to learn. In contrast, if the leader thinks you have potential to learn and grow, you’re much more likely to learn and grow. In a work context, we often inherit a perspective about a person we lead. “This person is a trouble maker” or “this person doesn’t deliver”. The risk is that we perpetuate and multiply this perspective through our behaviour towards that person.  Here are five ways to challenge our thinking and demonstrate belief in others’ potential: Reset your expectations. Think about how you see others and give them another chance. Let’s expect that people can improve, grow and develop. State your positive expectations. It’s what you say that matters. If you think someone is fantastic but never say it, they may completely miss it. Challenge negative appraisals you might make. Is it more about you than them? What evidence might you have to the contrary? Challenge negative appraisals others make about people. If you hear others perpetuating negative beliefs about people, appropriately challenge them. Challenge negative appraisals others make about themselves. Sometimes people perpetuate their own limiting beliefs. Why wouldn’t others believe the person? Use the opportunity to challenge people who consistently run themselves down. As leaders, what we think about others matters. It shapes not only our perceptions, but also their behaviour. Think about ways you can demonstrate a greater belief in others’ potential.  Well that’s the end of this week’s episode. As always, the reference used is in the show notes. A quick reminder that our brand new Leading Through Change and Uncertainty online course is now available at Leadership Today On-Demand. It’s video based so you can go at your own pace and work through the content in any order. Just go to Leadership.Today website and follow the On-Demand link to find out more and to sign up for a free 30 day trial. We also offer a 25% discount for groups, so it’s a great option for your team and organisation. Take a look at Leadership Today On-Demand - it’s just like online fitness training for your leadership. Have a great week, and I look forward to speaking with you again next week. Reference Muenks, K., Canning, E. A., LaCosse, J., Green, D. J., Zirkel, S., Garcia, J. A., & Murphy, M. C. (2020). Does my professor think my ability can change? Students’ perceptions of their STEM professors’ mindset beliefs predict their psychological vulnerability, engagement, and performance in class. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 149(11), 2119–2144. https://doi.org/10.1037/xge0000763

(re-uploaded track) How do we reverse the effects of negativity bias? As we head towards the end of 2020, I share 5 tips to help you bring more joy and greater well-being into your lives. References: Podcast: How to lead in turbulent times and motivate others to learn and change. (2021). Retrieved 1 December 2020, from https://dobetter.esade.edu/en/leadership-richard-boyatzis?_wrapper_format=html Ledgerwood, A., & Boydstun, A. E. (2013, March 25). Sticky Prospects: Loss Frames Are Cognitively Stickier Than Gain Frames. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General. Advance online publication. doi: 10.1037/a0032310

Learn about why successful people should reveal their failures; the extreme story of the death of planet WASP-12b; and why tulips used to cost more than houses during a period known as “tulip mania.” A Reason to Reveal Your Failures by Kelsey Donk HBS Working Knowledge. (2018, December 11). Why Managers Should Reveal Their Failures. Forbes. https://www.forbes.com/sites/hbsworkingknowledge/2018/12/11/why-managers-should-reveal-their-failures/#695e82c362e2  Envy Can Be Good for You. (2019). Curiosity.com. https://curiosity.com/topics/envy-can-be-good-for-you-curiosity  Brooks, A. W., Huang, K., Abi-Esber, N., Buell, R. W., Huang, L., & Hall, B. (2019). Mitigating malicious envy: Why successful individuals should reveal their failures. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 148(4), 667–687. https://doi.org/10.1037/xge0000538  The Death of Planet WASP-12b by Grant Currin Planet WASP-12b is on a death spiral, say Princeton scientists. (2020). EurekAlert! https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2020-01/pu-pwi010820.php  The Planet WASP-12b Is Hot As Hades And Dark As Night. (2017). Curiosity.com. https://curiosity.com/topics/the-planet-wasp-12b-is-hot-as-hades-and-dark-as-night-curiosity  Hubble Captures Blistering Pitch-Black Planet. (2011). NASA. https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2017/hubble-captures-blistering-pitch-black-planet     Tulips Cost More Than Houses During Dutch "Tulip Mania" by Cody Gough https://curiosity.com/topics/tulips-cost-more-than-houses-during-dutch-tulip-mania-curiosity    Subscribe to Curiosity Daily to learn something new every day with Cody Gough and Ashley Hamer. You can also listen to our podcast as part of your Alexa Flash Briefing; Amazon smart speakers users, click/tap “enable” here: https://www.amazon.com/Curiosity-com-Curiosity-Daily-from/dp/B07CP17DJY See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Idag är det många elever i svenska skolan som inte har svenska som sitt bästa språk. En stor utmaning för dem är att läsa in ämneskunskaper samtidigt som de behöver stärka sina kunskaper i svenska. Hur kan detta göras på bästa sätt och vad betyder det för lärarens undervisning? Är det viktigast att prata svenska så mycket som möjligt i klassrummet eller ska man använda det språk som man är starkast på? I dagens avsnitt pratar vi med Annika Andersson, universitetslektor vid Linnéuniversitet, om hur man bäst lär sig andra språk – och med svenska som andraspråk. De som var med idag är: Betty Tärning, forskare i Educational Technology Group vid Lunds universitet, och doktor i kognitionsvetenskap, med specialisering inom digitala läromedel. Björn Sjödén, lektor i utbildningsvetenskap vid Högskolan i Halmstad och doktor i kognitionsvetenskap. Han undervisar på lärarutbildningen och forskar om digitalt lärande. Kalle Palm, gymnasielärare i fysik, filosofi och matematik samt kognitionsvetare. Annika Andersson, universitetslektor Linnéuniversitetet Tekniker och producent var Trond A. Tjøstheim. Varje avsnitt är granskat av Agneta Gulz, professor i kognitionsvetenskap vid Lunds och Linköpings universitet. Tillsammans bidrar vi med vetenskapliga referenser till varje avsnitt, för den som vill veta mer. Referenser: Perozzi, J. A., & Sánchez, M. C. (1992). The effect of instruction in L1 on receptive acquisition of L2 for bilingual children with language delay. Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools, 23(4), 348-352. Bensetti-Benbader, H., & Brown, D. (2019, March). Language Acquisition With Augmented and Virtual Reality. In Society for Information Technology & Teacher Education International Conference (pp. 1730-1734). Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education (AACE). Craddock, I. M. (2018). Immersive virtual reality, Google Expeditions, and English language learning. Library Technology Reports, 54(4), 7-9. Andersson, A. (2019). Flerspråkighet: Barnkonventionen och barnens rätt till alla sina språk. . In L. Ponnert & A. Sonander (Eds.), Perspektiv på barnkonventionen—Forskning, teori och praktik. (pp. 227-256). Lund: Studentlitteratur AB. Andersson, K., Hansson, K., Rosqvist, I., Åhlander, V. L., Sahlén, B., & Sandgren, O. (2019). The contribution of bilingualism, parental education, and school characteristics to performance on the Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals: Swedish. Frontiers in Psychology, 10(1586). doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01586 Marian, V., & Neisser, U. (2000). Language-dependent recall of autobiographical memories. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 129(3), 361-368. doi:10.1037/0096-3445.129.3.361 Thomas, W. P., & Collier, V. P. (2002). A National Study of School Effectiveness for Language Minority Students' Long-Term Academic Achievement. Retrieved from http://www.crede.ucsc.edu/research/llaa/1.1_final.html.

Learn how calling loved ones builds stronger social connections than texting does, why the return of wolves improved life for every animal in Yellowstone, and how body snatchers of the 19th century contributed to modern medicine. Call, Don't Text, for a Stronger Social Connection by Kelsey Donk Kumar, A., & Epley, N. (2020). It’s surprisingly nice to hear you: Misunderstanding the impact of communication media can lead to suboptimal choices of how to connect with others. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1037/xge0000962  Texas McCombs. (2020, September 10). When We Fear an Awkward Phone Call, We Often Turn to Text. Medium; Big Ideas. https://medium.com/texas-mccombs/when-we-fear-an-awkward-phone-call-we-often-turn-to-text-62ac6eec93e5  Phone Calls Create Stronger Bonds Than Text-Based Communications. (2020, September 11). UT News. https://news.utexas.edu/2020/09/11/phone-calls-create-stronger-bonds-than-text-based-communications/  The Return of Wolves Improved Life for Every Animal in Yellowstone by Reuben Westmaas Tobin, K. (2015, September 4). Did wolves help restore trees to Yellowstone? PBS NewsHour. https://www.pbs.org/newshour/science/wolves-greenthumbs-yellowstone  Peglar, T. (2020, June 30). 1995 Reintroduction of Wolves in Yellowstone. My Yellowstone Park. https://www.yellowstonepark.com/park/yellowstone-wolves-reintroduction  Travsky, A. (2014, February 19). Wolves Bring Aspen Back. My Yellowstone Park. https://www.yellowstonepark.com/things-to-do/wolves-bring-yellowstone-back  Farquhar, B. (2020, June 30). Wolf Reintroduction Changes Ecosystem. My Yellowstone Park. https://www.yellowstonepark.com/things-to-do/wolf-reintroduction-changes-ecosystem  Why 19th-Century Body Snatchers Were an Essential Part of Medical Science by Steffie Drucker Body Snatching Around The World | History Detectives | PBS. (2014). Pbs.Org. https://www.pbs.org/opb/historydetectives/feature/body-snatching-around-the-world/ The Era of the Body Snatchers. (2014, October 16). Mentalfloss.Com. https://www.mentalfloss.com/article/59550/era-body-snatchers Body snatching | Britannica. (2020). In Encyclopædia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/topic/body-snatching#ref1179705  Burke and Hare, grave robbers and murderers. (2017). Historic UK. https://www.historic-uk.com/HistoryUK/HistoryofScotland/Burke-Hare-infamous-murderers-graverobbers/  ‌Ghazanfar, H., Rashid, S., Hussain, A., Ghazanfar, M., Ghazanfar, A., & Javaid, A. (2018). Cadaveric Dissection a Thing of the Past? The Insight of Consultants, Fellows, and Residents. Cureus. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.2418  Subscribe to Curiosity Daily to learn something new every day with Ashley Hamer and Natalia Reagan (filling in for Cody Gough). You can also listen to our podcast as part of your Alexa Flash Briefing; Amazon smart speakers users, click/tap “enable” here: https://www.amazon.com/Curiosity-com-Curiosity-Daily-from/dp/B07CP17DJY See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

As social beings, we choose which group identities to assimilate with or invest in and which social groups we're most loyal to. Therefore, the degree to which we identify with and protect certain identities varies. So, today, we'll be talking all about our identities as individuals, why we seek social groups, and overall, the relationship between groups, individuals, and societies. References Journal Articles:  Brewer, M. B. (1991). The social self: On being the same and different at the same time. Personality and social psychology bulletin, 17(5), 475-482. Cheng, C., Cheung, S., Chio, J., & Chan, M. (2013). Cultural Meaning of Perceived Control :Meta-Analysis of Locus of Control and Psychological Symptoms Across 18 Cultural Regions. Psychological Bulletin, 139(1), 152-188. Earley, P. C., Gibson, C. B., & Chen, C. C. (1999). “How Did I Do?” versus “How Did We Do?”: Cultural Contrasts of Performance Feedback Use and Self-Efficacy. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 30(5), 594–619 Ford, B. Q., Dmitrieva, J. O., Heller, D., Chentsova-Dutton, Y., Grossmann, I., Tamir, M., ... & Bokhan, T. (2015). Culture shapes whether the pursuit of happiness predicts higher or lower well-being. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 144(6), 1053. Haslam, S. A., & Reicher, S. D. (2012). Contesting the “nature” of conformity: What Milgram and Zimbardo's studies really show. PLoS Biol, 10(11), e1001426. Markus, H. R., & Kitayama, S. (1991). Culture and the Self: Implications for Cognition, Emotion, and Motivation. Psychological Review, 98(2), 224-253. McCarty, John A., & Shrum, L.J. (2001). The Influence of Individualism, Collectivism, and Locus of Control on Environmental Beliefs and Behavior. Journal of Public Policy & Marketing, 20(1), 93-104. Mermelstein, R., Cohen, S., Lichtenstein, E., Baer, J. S., & Kamarck, T. (1986). Social support and smoking cessation and maintenance. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 54(4), 447. Reicher, S., & Haslam, S. A. (2006). Tyranny revisited. Psychologist, 19(3), 146-150.  Reicher, S., Haslam, S. A., & Rath, R. (2008). Making a virtue of evil: A five‐step social identity model of the development of collective hate. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 2(3), 1313-1344. Roberts, R. E., Phinney, J. S., Masse, L. C., Chen, Y. R., Roberts, C. R., & Romero, A. (1999). The structure of ethnic identity of young adolescents from diverse ethnocultural groups. The Journal of Early Adolescence, 19(3), 301-322. Sharma, Shridhar. (2014). Self, Identity and Culture. 10.1007/978-81-322-1587-5_10. Stead, L. F., Carroll, A. J., & Lancaster, T. (2017). Group behaviour therapy programmes for smoking cessation. Cochrane database of systematic reviews, (3). Tyler, T. R., & Blader, S. L. (2001). Identity and cooperative behavior in groups. Group processes & intergroup relations, 4(3), 207-226. Books Mason, L. (2018). Uncivil agreement: How politics became our identity. University of Chicago Press. Podcasts McRaney, D. (Host) (2019, July 29) YANSS 159 – How political conflict became a battle over ‘who we think we are, rather than reasoned differences of opinion.' [Audio podcast]  https://youarenotsosmart.com/2019/07/29/yanss-133-how-political-conflict-became-a-battle-over-who-we-think-we-are-rather-than-reasoned-differences-of-opinion/ 

Summary Picture this scenario. You need to make contact with someone that you haven’t spoken to in quite a while. Do you call or just send them a text or email instead? It turns out that our chosen communication method is often driven more by fear than effectiveness.   Transcript Hello and welcome to episode 95 of the Leadership Today podcast where each week we tackle one of today’s biggest leadership challenges. Picture this scenario. You need to make contact with someone that you haven’t spoken to in quite a while. Do you call or just send them a text or email instead? It turns out that our chosen communication method is often driven more by fear than effectiveness. To explore this, researchers asked 200 people what they thought it would be like to reconnect with an old friend via email and phone.  Even though people thought a phone call would lead to great connection, they feared a call would be more awkward. People were far more inclined to use email than pick up the phone. In that moment they performed a quick cost-benefit equation. Is the better connection worth the awkwardness? Apparently not. They then divided the group randomly into an email group and a phone call group and had them actually contact that old friend using that method. So was the preferred choice of email the right one? Those who were forced to use the phone found their calls actually went far better than they predicted. The phone call led to an even deeper connection, and was far less awkward than anticipated. So using the phone is the better option. “But wait a second” I hear you say - “Doesn’t a phone call take longer?” That’s a fair question to ask. If a phone call takes longer than an email, then maybe the email is better after all. Indeed, researchers found that participants also thought an email would be faster than a phone call. However, it turns out that the phone calls took around the same amount of time as reading and responding to email. Does this actually happen at work? Absolutely. It’s likely that people are choosing communication methods that don’t maximise connection because they think the alternative will be awkward and inefficient. We communicate a lot through our voice, and not just through the words that we say. Our tone, pace, pitch and volume all come together to communicate a richer message. The research is pretty clear - if the goal is to build trust and connection, look for opportunities to be face-to-face and, if that’s not possible, then pick up the phone and give the person a call. It’s likely to be far less awkward and far more effective than you expect. As I encouraged a few episodes ago, it may even be worth replacing a video conference using Zoom or similar with a phone call. You can find out more about that in episode 92. All our past episodes are available via the Leadership.Today website or wherever you get your podcasts. And, while you’re thinking about what to listen to next, why not provide a quick rating or review? It really makes a difference. Have a great week.   Research Kumar, A., & Epley, N. (2020). It’s surprisingly nice to hear you: Misunderstanding the impact of communication media can lead to suboptimal choices of how to connect with others. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1037/xge0000962

Consuming alliums like onions and garlic found to lower colorectal cancer risk by 79 percent China Medical University, July 24, 2020   In a recent study published in the Asia-Pacific Journal of Clinical Oncology, Chinese researchers found that eating high amounts of allium vegetables corresponded to a 79 percent reduction in colorectal cancer risk. According to senior author Zhi Li from The First Hospital of China Medical University, their findings highlight a trend: The greater the amount of alliums consumed, the better the protection against colorectal cancer. Higher allium consumption linked to a reduced risk of colorectal cancer For their research, the team compared the food intake of 833 colorectal cancer patients to that of 833 healthy participants (controls) who matched them in terms of age, sex and area of residence. The researchers used food frequency questionnaires to collect the participants' dietary information. The researchers found that those who consumed high amounts of allium vegetables had a 79 percent reduced risk of colorectal cancer. Li said that their findings shed light on the role of lifestyle intervention in the prevention of colorectal cancer. However, Mary Flynn, an associate professor of medicine at Brown University in Rhode Island, noted that although these findings are interesting, it bears stressing that the colorectal cancer patients had a greater family history of the disease than the controls. The colorectal cancer patients also smoked more and reported consuming less fruits, more alcohol and almost double the amount of red meat than the controls. Together, Flynn says that these factors may have influenced the significant reductions in colorectal cancer risk observed. On the other hand, the link between allium consumption and lower colon cancer risk remained even after these differences were factored into the analysis, suggesting that allium vegetables like onions, garlic, leeks and shallots do have strong cancer-fighting potential. The study is one of many that report the anti-cancer benefits of allium vegetables, which are attributed to their sulfur-containing active components. (Related: Researchers explore the anti-cancer potential of a local onion from Iran.) Garlic, onion and other alliums: promising candidates for holistic cancer treatment Alliums like onions and garlic are among the most studied cancer-fighting foods, besides cruciferous vegetables, because of their abundance of phenolic compounds. In a recent article published in the journal Cancer Prevention Research, a team of scientists from the U.S. highlighted the ability of allium vegetables to prevent different types of cancer. In particular, multiple mechanistic studies agree that the sulfur-containing compounds in alliums are responsible for their anti-carcinogenic properties. Some of these compounds include allicin, alliin and ajoene. Alliums also contain other potent plant compounds that contribute to their cancer-fighting potential. These compounds include flavonoids, oligosaccharides, arginine and selenium. According to several epidemiological studies, increased intake of these allium components is linked to a decreased risk of certain cancers, such as stomach, colon, esophageal and prostate cancer. In another recent article published in the journal Food Research International, researchers from the University of Guelph in Canada found a local variety of red onions to be the most effective at killing both colon and breast cancer cells. The team attributed the cancer-fighting potential of Ontario-grown red onions to their high quercetin and anthocyanin content. Both flavonoids have been studied in the past as chemopreventive agents in several cancer models. Taken together, these studies offer ample proof that allium vegetables are excellent natural medicines for various types of cancer.   Link confirmed between a healthy diet and prostate cancer prevention An INRS team shows an association between eating habits and prostate cancer National Institute for Scientific Research (Montreal), July 28, 2020   The Canadian Cancer Society estimates that more than 23,000 Canadians will be diagnosed with prostate cancer in 2020. Among other risk factors, more and more studies point to diet as a major factor in the development of prostate cancer, as it is for cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and obesity. Using data from a study conducted in Montreal between 2005 and 2012, a research team led by Professor Marie-Élise Parent of Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS) has shown a link between diet and prostate cancer in the article "Dietary Patterns Are Associated with Risk of Prostate Cancer in a Population-Based Case-Control Study in Montreal, Canada", published in Nutrients in June. Three main dietary profiles analyzed INRS PhD student Karine Trudeau, the lead author of the study, based her analysis on three main dietary profiles: healthy diet, salty Western diet including alcohol, and sugar-rich Western diet with beverages. The first profile leans heavily towards fruits, vegetables, and plant proteins like tofu and nuts. The salty Western diet with alcohol includes more meat and beverages such as beer and wine. The third profile is rich in pasta, pizza, desserts, and sugary carbonated drinks. The study took age, ethnicity, education, family history, and date of last prostate cancer screening into account. Marie-Élise Parent and Karine Trudeau found a link between a healthy diet and a lower risk of prostate cancer. Conversely, a Western diet with sweets and beverages was associated with a higher risk and seemed to be a factor in more aggressive forms of cancer. The study did not show any clear link between a Western diet with salt and alcohol and the risk of developing the disease. Moving away from the typical approach used in epidemiological studies, which involves looking at one nutrient or food group at a time, the researchers collected data from a broader dietary profile. "It's not easy to isolate the effect of a single nutrient," explained Ms. Trudeau. "For example, foods rich in vitamin C, such as citrus fruits, promote iron absorption. Calcium is often found in dairy products, which also contain vitamin D. Our more targeted approach takes this synergy into account to produce more meaningful results that public health authorities can use to formulate recommendations. Rather than counting on one miracle food, people should look at their overall diet." "For a long time we've suspected that diet might play a role in the development of prostate cancer, but it was very hard to pinpoint the specific factors at play," said Professor Parent. "This study is significant because it looks at dietary habits as a whole. We've uncovered evidence that, we hope, can be used to develop prevention strategies for prostate cancer, the most common cancer among men in Canada and many other countries." In addition to INRS faculty and students Marie-Élise Parent, Karine Trudeau, Christine Barul, and Marie-Claude Rousseau, Ilona Csizmadi (Cumming School of Medicine) participated in the research. The study was funded by the Canadian Cancer Society (CCS), the Cancer Research Society (CRS), Fonds de la recherche du Québec--Santé (FRQS), and Ministère de l'Économie et de l'Innovation (MEI).       Study reveals humans are impatient, even down to seconds Ohio University, July 28, 2020 An Ohio University study seeking to understand the psychological mechanisms of waiting for a larger reward in contrast to instant gratification with a smaller reward was recently published in the Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, a flagship journal of the American Psychological Association. The research team discussed in their paper how their findings show that people are impatient not only when thinking about whether to wait or not for a larger reward in the abstract, but they are even more impatient when they actually must wait to receive a larger reward. In the study, the amounts and delays were small (in cents and seconds), but even in the small-scale participants demonstrated myopic behavior, as in preferring the smaller payoff sooner. "In this particular paper, we're interested in how people make decisions that entail comparing the time that it takes to get something versus how much one will get," said Dr. Claudia González Vallejo, a professor in the College of Arts and Sciences Department of Psychology and second author of the paper. "Those types of experiments are under an umbrella of what is called intertemporal choice, which refers to studying how people make tradeoffs between amounts, either to gain or to lose, relative to the timing of those." The paper's lead author is Dr. Ping Xu, currently of Shenzhen University's School of Psychology, and the third author is Dr. Benjamin Vincent of University of Dundee's School of Social Sciences.  The paper is based on Xu's dissertation from 2019 as she graduated from OHIO under Dr. González Vallejo's mentoring. "I feel lucky, honored and touched. I am proud of my team," Xu said of having the paper finally published.  In the study, the researchers made a realistic situation in which participants could actually experience the time of waiting to receive something, with payoffs and units of time adjusted to be smaller altogether, while at a computer.  This worked by having a participant make decisions between coins that were small and could be received immediately, or larger ones that required a waiting period in seconds before they could be picked up. For each choice, the participant could thus wait and get something larger, or take the smaller reward. Two groups received identical choice options but differed on whether they had to wait to receive the larger payoff after each choice was made or not. In other words, one group experienced the delay after each selection, whereas the other group did not and expected waiting at the end of the experiment instead. Before the results, González Vallejo thought that the time to wait was so small that it wouldn't matter to participants. If it was only a few seconds, surely they would take the larger reward every time, she thought. However, that was not the result.  "We found that in both situations, people did make the tradeoff between time and money. It wasn't that they would just go for few more cents every time because the amounts of time were too small to even think about them. So, delays matter—even seconds to people matter," González Vallejo said. "In general, people are just very impatient."  Xu said, "[The results] overturned our initial plans and predictions, and led us towards something surprising, or to a direction we had never thought of." Using mathematical modeling, two reasons for the findings include that time feels longer when experiencing it and the amount of the reward is devalued when it is delayed, with the study finding support for both reasonings. Future empirical tests are needed to test these ideas further.  Although the research project was started a couple years ago, González Vallejo noted that the findings can be applicable to the current pandemic.  For example, while some countries implemented earlier and longer lockdowns and mask mandates, others showed hesitation to implement such policies or did not wait through the mandates long enough for cases to decrease substantially, with cases continuing to grow.  "I think a lot of experts right now come together and agree on some studies that have shown that if [the United States] had remained in lockdown, or if lockdowns were done earlier and longer, perhaps things would have unfolded differently," González Vallejo said. "Waiting is not easy, as our study showed, and I think future research in terms of analyzing different countries' policies with that in mind will show how some policies requiring patience ended up giving different outcomes for this pandemic."  Publishing in a flagship APA journal is extremely competitive and difficult, thus relief exists among the team for the accomplishment to have the work finally published in Journal of Experimental Psychology: General after several months. "When I saw the final publication, I felt that I have graduated for the second time," Xu said. "I am lucky having [that] kind of experience."   Low plasma 25(OH) vitamin D level associated with increased risk of COVID-19 infection Bar Ilan University (Israel), July 28, 2020   Vitamin D is recognized as an important co-factor in several physiological processes linked with bone and calcium metabolism, and also in diverse non-skeletal outcomes, including autoimmune diseases, cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, obesity and cognitive decline, and infections. In particular, the pronounced impact of vitamin D metabolites on the immune system response, and on the development of COVID-19 infection by the novel SARS CoV-2 virus, has been previously described in a few studies worldwide. The collaborative group of scientists from the Leumit Health Services (LHS) and the Azrieli Faculty of Medicine of Bar-Ilan University aimed to determine associations of low plasma 25(OH)D with the risk of COVID-19 infection and hospitalization. Using the real-world data and Israeli cohort of 782 COVID-19 positive patients and 7,807 COVID-19 negative patients, the groups identified that low plasma vitamin D level appears to be an independent risk factor for COVID-19 infection and hospitalization. The research was just published in The FEBS Journal. "The main finding of our study was the significant association of low plasma vitamin D level with the likelihood of COVID-19 infection among patients who were tested for COVID-19, even after adjustment for age, gender, socio-economic status and chronic, mental and physical disorders," said Dr. Eugene Merzon, Head of the Department of Managed Care and leading researcher of the LHS group. "Furthermore, low vitamin D level was associated with the risk of hospitalization due to COVID-19 infection, although this association wasn't significant after adjustment for other confounders," he added. "Our finding is in agreement with the results of previous studies in the field. Reduced risk of acute respiratory tract infection following vitamin D supplementation has been reported," said Dr. Ilan Green, Head of the LHS Research Institute. "According to our analysis, persons that were COVID-19 positive were older than non-infected persons. Interestingly, the two-peak distributions for age groups were demonstrated to confer increased risk for COVID-19: around ages 25 and 50 years old," said Dr. Milana Frenkel-Morgenstern, the leader of the Azrieli Faculty of Medicine research group. "The first peak may be explained by high social gathering habits at the young age. The peak at age 50 years may be explained by continued social habits, in conjunction with various chronic diseases," Dr. Frenkel-Morgenstern continued. "Surprisingly, chronic medical conditions, like dementia, cardiovascular disease, and chronic lung disease that were considered to be very risky in previous studies, were not found as increasing the rate of infection in our study," noted Prof. Shlomo Vinker, LHS Chief Medical Officer. "However, this finding is highly biased by the severe social contacts restrictions that were imposed on all the population during the COVID-19 outbreak. Therefore, we assume that following the Israeli Ministry of Health instructions, patients with chronic medical conditions significantly reduced their social contacts. This might indeed minimize the risk of COVID-19 infection in that group of patients," explained Prof. Vinker. Dr. Dmitry Tworowski and Dr. Alessandro Gorohovski. from the Frenkel-Morgenstern laboratory at Bar-Ilan University's Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, suggest that the study will have a very significant impact. "The main strength of our study is its being large, real-world, and population-based," they explained. Now researchers are planning to evaluate factors associated with mortality due to COVID-19 in Israel. "We are willing to find associations to the COVID-19 clinical outcomes (for example, pre-infection glycemic control of COVID-19 patients) to make the assessment of mortality risk due to COVID-19 infection in Israel," said Dr. Eugene Merzon.   Oral N-acetylcysteine improved cone function in retinitis pigmentosa patients  Johns Hopkins University, July 23, 2020   According to news reporting out of Baltimore, Maryland, by NewsRx editors, research stated, “In retinitis pigmentosa (RP), rod photoreceptors degenerate from 1 of many mutations, after which cones are compromised by oxidative stress. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) reduces oxidative damage and increases cone function/survival in RP models.” Our news journalists obtained a quote from the research from Johns Hopkins University, “We tested the safety, tolerability, and visual function effects of oral NAC in RP patients. Subjects (n = 10 per cohort) received 600 mg (cohort 1), 1200 mg (cohort 2), or 1800 mg (cohort 3) NAC bid for 12 weeks and then tid for 12 weeks. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), macular sensitivity, ellipsoid zone (EZ) width, and aqueous NAC were measured. Linear mixed-effects models were used to estimate the rates of changes during the treatment period. There were 9 drug related gastrointestinal adverse events that resolved spontaneously or with dose reduction (maximum tolerated dose 1800 mg bid). During the 24-week treatment period, mean BCVA significantly improved at 0.4 (95% CI: 0.2-0.6, P< 0.001), 0.5 (95% CI: 0.3-0.7, P< 0.001), and 0.2 (95% CI: 0.02-0.4, P = 0.03) letters/month in cohorts 1, 2, and 3, respectively. There was no significant improvement in mean sensitivity over time in cohorts land 2, but there was in cohort 3 (0.15 dB/month, 95% CI: 0.04-0.26). There was no significant change in mean EZ width in any cohort. Oral NAC is safe and well tolerated in patients with moderately advanced RP and may improve suboptimally functioning macular cones.” According to the news editors, the research concluded: “A randomized, placebo-controlled trial is needed to determine if oral NAC can provide long-term stabilization and/or improvement in visual function in patients with RP.”     Excessive screen time for toddlers linked to less physical activity, stunted development National University of Singapore, July 21, 2020   As the world continues to advance, technology is becoming a bigger part of every child's development. Playing on various digital devices for too long, however, can be just as bad for kids as it is for adults. A recent study says excessive screen time may stunt a child's growth, especially if they start using devices around age two or three. Researchers in Singapore examined over 500 children. Their findings lead them to recommend parents follow World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines, which advise limiting a child's screen time to one hour per day. This amount should be even less for children younger than five. Tracking the many forms of screen time Study authors say screen time tends to replace time children usually spend sleeping or engaging in physical activity. This can lead to a variety of health problems, including high risk of obesity and lower mental development.                                     Until this report, researchers say most studies focus on school-aged children and adolescents, producing mixed results. “We sought to determine whether screen viewing habits at age two to three affected how children spent their time at age five. In particular we were interested in whether screen viewing affected sleep patterns and activity levels later in childhood,” researcher Falk Müller-Riemenschneider explains in a media release. Parents were asked to report on their children's screen time at age two and again one year later. Activities like playing video games, watching TV, and using a tablet or phone were all included in the results. When the children turned five, they continuously wore an activity tracker for seven days. That tracker monitors sleep, time spent sitting, and how much light-to-strenuous physical activity the youngsters get. How do youngsters spend their time? On average, the average child watches 2.5 hours of television. TV is the most used device. Children spending at least three hours a day in front of a screen are also spending an average of 40 more minutes sitting down compared to more active five year-olds. The results also reveal children at age five are also less active if they've been using devices too much early on. Those youths are getting about 30 minutes less light activity each day and 10 minutes less vigorous exercise as well. “Our findings support public health efforts to reduce screen viewing time in young children,” Bozhi Chen from the National University of Singapore says. Sleep habits do not seem to be heavily affected by too much screen usage. Room for improvement Researchers note the results also need to take into account biases by the parents. They believe some adults may leave out information on their child's diet, sleep patterns, and environmental factors such as childcare. Dr. Dorothea Dumuid of the University of South Australia, who is not a part of the study, argues the findings aren't enough to definitively link screen time with reduced physical activity. “In this rapidly evolving digital age, children's screen use is a key concern for parents and medical bodies. Guidelines to limit screen time have been released by many governments and WHO, however, screens offer digital and social connectedness and educational opportunities,” she says. “Future research is needed to assess the influence of media content, to determine optimum durations of screen time.” Chen and the team from the Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health say more studies are necessary to determine the long-term health effects of the growing digital influence on kids.         Research shows Mexican walnut can protect the kidneys from ischemic injury Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León School of Medicine (Mexico), July 24, 2020   Some species from the genus Juglans – the largest and most widely distributed of the eight genera in the walnut family – have diverse biological activities, such as anti-hypertensive, antioxidant, lipolytic (fat-metabolizing), anti-hyperglycemic, anti-lipidemic and anti-proliferative properties. Studies suggest that these activities may be useful in the treatment of a wide variety of ailments, ranging from minor complaints like diarrhea and stomach pain to more serious conditions like arthritis, diabetes and cancer. Juglans mollis, commonly known as Mexican walnut, is traditionally used to make medicine in northeastern Mexico. Parts of this medium-sized tree are said to be effective against microbial infections and ulcers. Although reports about its biological properties vary, the bark extract of the Mexican walnut tree has consistently been found to have antioxidant, hepatoprotective and anti-mycobacterial activities. In a recent study, Mexican researchers evaluated the biological activity of Mexican walnut bark extract. Specifically, they investigated whether it can protect against damage caused by ischemia-reperfusion (I/R). Also known as reoxygenation injury, I/R damage occurs when blood supply to a section of tissue or an organ returns (reperfusion) after a period of ischemia, or lack of oxygen. The researchers reported their findings in an article published in the journal BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine. Mexican walnut bark exhibits kidney-protective activity Oxidative stress – an imbalance between the production of free radicals and antioxidants – and inflammation are two events involved in I/R injury. But recent studies suggest that Mexican walnut has antioxidant properties that can help reduce the damage caused by I/R. To determine if it can protect the kidneys from I/R damage, the researchers tested its bark extract on a rat model of I/R injury. They divided 24 rats into four groups, which were designated as the sham group, the I/R group, the extract group and the extract plus I/R group. The researchers pretreated two groups with the bark extract (300 mg/kg) for seven?days before inducing I/R. This step involved clamping the renal hilums for 45 minutes then reperfusing the kidneys for 15 hours. The researchers then took blood samples to evaluate the levels of kidney function markers (i.e., alanine aminotransferase (ALT), blood urea nitrogen and creatinine), oxidative stress markers (i.e., superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA)) and pro-inflammatory molecules (i.e., interleukin-1B (IL-1B), IL-6 and TNF-a). The researchers found that the extract plus?I/R group had lower creatinine, ALT, MDA, IL-1B, IL-6 and TNF-a levels than the I/R group. On the other hand, the extract plus?I/R group had higher levels of SOD, an antioxidant enzyme, than the sham group. These findings suggest that the Mexican walnut bark extract can not only reduce kidney injury but also improve blood antioxidant levels. In addition, compared with the sham group, the researchers observed no biochemical or histological damage in the rats treated with the extract. The rats in the extract?plus?I/R group also had less histological damage than the rats in the I/R group. (Related: Black cumin prevents kidney damage.) Based on these findings, the researchers concluded that the bark of the Mexican walnut tree can protect against I/R-induced kidney damage. This activity may be attributed to the plant's ability to decrease inflammation and modulate oxidative stress markers (SOD and MDA).     Magnesium-Rich Foods and Why You Need Them GreenMedInfo, July 23, 2020   You may have a low level of magnesium in your diet that is preventing you from reaping important health benefits Magnesium (Mg) is considered a healthy mineral essential to your body, but it is estimated that 75% of Americans and people around the world are well below the recommended daily intake of Mg.[i] Luckily, there is an easy fix, since magnesium is bountiful in many foods.  Bright leafy greens/veggies (magnesium gives them that rich green color) top the magnesium-dense list including spinach, chard, broccoli and kale, followed closely by legumes such as lima beans, black beans, peas and edamame (soybean).[ii] When it comes to snacks, seeds[iii] (pumpkin and flax), nuts[iv] (almonds, cashews, peanut butter) and dark chocolate[v] pack a high magnesium punch. Healthy omega-3 fats and magnesium are also abundant in salmon, tuna and avocado.[vi] Whole grains such as quinoa, brown rice, oatmeal, buckwheat and even wild rice (technically a grass) are filled with magnesium.[vii] For a list of the top 25 magnesium-rich foods, see Table 1. Table 1 25 Foods Rich in Magnesium Portions Magnesium (100% Daily Value = 420 mg) Spinach 1 cup cooked 157 mg (37%) Chard 1 cup 157 mg (37%) Seeds (Pumpkin and Squash) 1 ounce 156 mg (37%) Lima Beans 1 cup cooked 126 mg (30%) Black Beans 1 cup cooked 120 mg (29%) Quinoa 1 cup 118 mg (28%) Tuna 6 oz fillet (high in mercury) 109 mg (26%) Almonds ¼ cup 105 mg (25%) Cashews ¼ cup 90 mg (21%) Brown Rice 1 cup 86 mg (20%) Buckwheat 1 cup or 1 ounce dry 65 mg (15%) Dark Chocolate 1 ounce square (70% cocoa) 64 mg (15%) Oatmeal 1 cup 60 mg (14%) Avocado medium 58 mg (14%) Salmon ½ fillet (178 grams) 53 mg (13%) Wild Rice 1 cup 52 mg (12%) Edamame (Soybean) ½ cup 50 mg (12%) Broccoli ½ cup (don't overcook) 50 mg (12%) Figs ½ cup 50 mg (12%) Peas 1 cup cooked 50 mg (12%) Peanut Butter 2 Tablespoons 49 mg (12%) Yogurt 1 cup 47 mg (11%) Flaxseed Oil or Flaxseed 1 Tablespoon or ½ Tablespoon 42 mg (10%) Banana 1 cup sliced 41 mg (10%) Kale 1 cup (raw) 37 mg (8%) Benefits of Eating Magnesium-Rich Foods Magnesium in your diet helps to prevent diseases and lessen the harshness of some diseases if you get them. Magnesium has neuroprotective, cardio-protective, anti-hypertensive, anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity and hypoglycemic properties. A magnesium deficiency or low level of magnesium in your food creates an out of balance condition in your body linked to many diseases from diabetes, heart disease and metabolic syndrome to depression and neurological disorders. Diabetes Magnesium has many protective properties, such as glucose or blood sugar moderating and insulin regulating, lowering risk for Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and improving outcomes for Type 1 diabetes (T1D). Magnesium intake significantly improved glucose parameters in people with diabetes and also improved insulin-sensitivity parameters in those at high risk of diabetes in a review of 18 randomized clinical trials, including a total of 670 diabetic and 453 at risk for diabetes patients.[viii] In another meta-analysis of 637,922 individuals, the risk of T2D was reduced by 17% across all the studies; 19% in women and 16% in men when magnesium was increased in their diet.[ix] A magnesium deficiency is seen as a contributing factor in insulin resistance for T2D patients.[x] In a 2017 study of 71 children with T1D, magnesium supplementation improved glycemic control and lipid profiles while decreasing complications such as hypomagnesaemia (clinical magnesium deficiency).[xi] For the 52,684 without known diabetes, dietary magnesium was found to lower fasting glucose and insulin, two risk factors for diabetes.[xii] Heart Disease Because of chronic diseases, medications, decreases in food crop magnesium contents, and higher availability of refined and processed foods, the vast majority of people in modern societies are at risk for magnesium deficiency (often undiagnosed) and magnesium dietary supplementation is an easy and low cost way to lower the risks for a variety of heart diseases.[xiii] In a meta-analysis of 532,979 participants from 19 studies, the greatest risk reduction for cardiovascular disease (CVD) occurred when magnesium intake increased from 150 to 400 milligrams (mg) per day.[xiv] In a meta-analysis of 48 genetic studies with a total of 60,801 coronary artery disease (CAD) cases and 123,504 non-cases, researchers found that serum magnesium levels are inversely associated with risk of heart disease.[xv] Magnesium supplementation is also seen as a successful preventative mechanism (by improving lipid profiles, fasting glucose and blood pressure)[xvi] to heart disease complications (a leading cause of death from T2 diabetes).[xvii],[xviii] Metabolic Syndrome Generally, the triad of obesity, high blood pressure and impaired glucose tolerance, as in T2D (insulin resistance), is referred to as metabolic syndrome.[xix] In a meta-analysis of six studies, including a total of 24,473 individuals and 6,311 cases of metabolic syndrome, a higher dietary magnesium level lowered the risk of metabolic syndrome by 17%.[xx] Magnesium supplementation has also been shown to lower blood pressure measures significantly in those with high blood pressure taking anti-hypertensive medication (135 subjects); systolic blood pressure decreased by 18.7 points and diastolic blood pressure dropped by an average of 10.9 points.    ...

Rituals alleviate grieving for loved ones, lovers, and lotteries. (Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 143, 266-272. Norton, M.I. & Gino, F.)Family rituals improve the holidays. (Journal of the Association for Consumer Research, 1, 509-526. Sezer, O., Norton, M.I., Gino, F., & Vohs, K.D.)Warren, Tish Harrison. Liturgy of the ordinary: Sacred practices in everyday life. InterVarsity Press, 2016. 

Learn about how studying World of Warcraft helped researchers learn how to respond to the coronavirus pandemic; how scientists described mouse facial expressions for the first time; and how social rejection can fuel creativity. Scientists studied a "pandemic" in World of Warcraft to learn how to fight a real virus by Grant Currin Fenlon, W. (2020, March 13). The researchers who once studied WoW’s Corrupted Blood plague are now fighting the coronavirus. Pcgamer; PC Gamer. https://www.pcgamer.com/the-researchers-who-once-studied-wows-corrupted-blood-plague-are-now-fighting-the-coronavirus/  World of Warcraft experienced a pandemic in 2005. That experience may help coronavirus researchers. (2020, April 9). The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/video-games/2020/04/09/world-warcraft-experienced-pandemic-2005-that-experience-may-help-coronavirus-researchers/  Lofgren, E. T., & Fefferman, N. H. (2007). The untapped potential of virtual game worlds to shed light on real world epidemics. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 7(9), 625–629. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1473-3099(07)70212-8  Scientists have described mouse facial expressions for the first time by Steffie Drucker The facial expressions of mice. (2020). EurekAlert! https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2020-04/m-tfe033120.php  Dolensek, N., Gehrlach, D. A., Klein, A. S., & Gogolla, N. (2020). Facial expressions of emotion states and their neuronal correlates in mice. Science, 368(6486), 89–94. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaz9468  In some people, social rejection can fuel creativity by Kelsey Donk Khazan, O. (2020, March 16). Are Weird People More Creative? The Atlantic; The Atlantic. https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2020/04/the-perks-of-being-a-weirdo/606778/  Kim, S. H., Vincent, L. C., & Goncalo, J. A. (2013). Outside advantage: Can social rejection fuel creative thought? Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 142(3), 605–611. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0029728  Subscribe to Curiosity Daily to learn something new every day with Cody Gough and Ashley Hamer. You can also listen to our podcast as part of your Alexa Flash Briefing; Amazon smart speakers users, click/tap “enable” here: https://www.amazon.com/Curiosity-com-Curiosity-Daily-from/dp/B07CP17DJY 

Learn about why people can’t help but “shoot the messenger;” how neurons in your gut influence neurons in your brain thanks to the gut-brain axis; and why we still use the QWERTY keyboard, along with information on Dvorak and Colemak layouts. People can't help but "shoot the messenger" by Kelsey Donk We Really Do Shoot the Messengers of Bad News, Research Suggests. (2019, April 16). Harvard Business Review. https://hbr.org/2019/04/research-confirms-when-receiving-bad-news-we-shoot-the-messenger  John, L. K., Blunden, H., & Liu, H. (2019). Shooting the messenger. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 148(4), 644–666. https://doi.org/10.1037/xge0000586  Neurons in your gut influence neurons in your brain by Andrea Michelson Gut communicates with the entire brain through cross-talking neurons. (2020). EurekAlert! https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2020-04/uoic-gcw040220.php  Parker, C. G., Dailey, M. J., Phillips, H., & Davis, E. A. (2020). Central sensory-motor crosstalk in the neural gut-brain axis. Autonomic Neuroscience, 225, 102656. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autneu.2020.102656  The Brain-Gut Connection. (2020). https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/wellness-and-prevention/the-brain-gut-connection  Mittal, R., Debs, L. H., Patel, A. P., Nguyen, D., Patel, K., O’Connor, G., Grati, M., Mittal, J., Yan, D., Eshraghi, A. A., Deo, S. K., Daunert, S., & Liu, X. Z. (2017). Neurotransmitters: The Critical Modulators Regulating Gut-Brain Axis. Journal of Cellular Physiology, 232(9), 2359–2372. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcp.25518  Hadhazy, A. (2010, February 12). Think Twice: How the Gut’s “Second Brain” Influences Mood and Well-Being. Scientific American. https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/gut-second-brain/  Here's Why We Still Use the QWERTY Keyboard by Trevor English Liebowitz, S. J., & Margolis, S. (1996, June). Typing Errors. Reason.com; Reason. https://reason.com/1996/06/01/typing-errors/  ‌Yasuoka, K., & Yasuoka, M. (2011). On the Prehistory of QWERTY. ZINBUN, 42, 161–174. https://doi.org/0084-5515  Hoffman, C. (2014, May 18). Alternative Keyboard Layouts Explained: Should You Switch to Dvorak or Colemak? How-To Geek; How-To Geek. https://www.howtogeek.com/189270/alternative-keyboard-layouts-explained-dvorak-colemak-and-whether-you-should-care/  Subscribe to Curiosity Daily to learn something new every day with Cody Gough and Ashley Hamer. You can also listen to our podcast as part of your Alexa Flash Briefing; Amazon smart speakers users, click/tap “enable” here: https://www.amazon.com/Curiosity-com-Curiosity-Daily-from/dp/B07CP17DJY

Hershfield et al. (2016). People who choose time over money are happier. Social Psychological and Personality Science,7(7), 697-706.Epley & Schroeder (2014). Mistakenly seeking solitude. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 143(5), 1980.

Learn about why successful people should reveal their failures; the extreme story of the death of planet WASP-12b; and why tulips used to cost more than houses during a period known as “tulip mania.” A Reason to Reveal Your Failures by Kelsey Donk HBS Working Knowledge. (2018, December 11). Why Managers Should Reveal Their Failures. Forbes. https://www.forbes.com/sites/hbsworkingknowledge/2018/12/11/why-managers-should-reveal-their-failures/#695e82c362e2  Envy Can Be Good for You. (2019). Curiosity.com. https://curiosity.com/topics/envy-can-be-good-for-you-curiosity  Brooks, A. W., Huang, K., Abi-Esber, N., Buell, R. W., Huang, L., & Hall, B. (2019). Mitigating malicious envy: Why successful individuals should reveal their failures. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 148(4), 667–687. https://doi.org/10.1037/xge0000538  The Death of Planet WASP-12b by Grant Currin Planet WASP-12b is on a death spiral, say Princeton scientists. (2020). EurekAlert! https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2020-01/pu-pwi010820.php  The Planet WASP-12b Is Hot As Hades And Dark As Night. (2017). Curiosity.com. https://curiosity.com/topics/the-planet-wasp-12b-is-hot-as-hades-and-dark-as-night-curiosity  Hubble Captures Blistering Pitch-Black Planet. (2011). NASA. https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2017/hubble-captures-blistering-pitch-black-planet   Tulips Cost More Than Houses During Dutch "Tulip Mania" by Cody Gough https://curiosity.com/topics/tulips-cost-more-than-houses-during-dutch-tulip-mania-curiosity  Subscribe to Curiosity Daily to learn something new every day with Cody Gough and Ashley Hamer. You can also listen to our podcast as part of your Alexa Flash Briefing; Amazon smart speakers users, click/tap “enable” here: https://www.amazon.com/Curiosity-com-Curiosity-Daily-from/dp/B07CP17DJY

SUMMARY This week we’re looking at research that demonstrates faking extraversion as a way to boost well-being. Seriously - what’s all that about? And what might it mean for leaders?   TRANSCRIPT Welcome to episode 52 of the Leadership Today podcast where each week we tackle one of today’s biggest leadership challenges. This week we’re looking at research that demonstrates faking extraversion as a way to boost well-being. There is a well established link between the personality trait of extraversion and positive affect. That is, the more extraverted someone is, the greater their positive feelings and broader well-being. Now, I’ll just pause there to allow time for our introverted half of the audience click on unsubscribe. But as the cigarette company funded Hans Eysenck demonstrated, extraverts are more likely to smoke and over eat, so it’s not all smooth sailing on the other side of the fence. I’ll pause there to allow time for the remainder of my audience to also click on unsubscribe. Okay - so our personality preferences all come with benefits and draw backs. But exploring the potential benefits of acting more extraverted on well-being is a legitimate area of study. Well, as of August 2019, the initial results are in. The researchers from the University of California proposed that behaving in an extraverted way should provide a short-term boost in well-being. How did they get people to act more introverted and extraverted? Well, they actually had each person do both. Participants were split into two groups, with half instructed to behave like an extravert for a week, then as an introvert for a week, with the other half doing the opposite. The participants completed various assessments along the way. In the extraverted week participants were asked to act as talkative, assertive and spontaneous as they could. In the introverted week they were asked to act as deliberate, quiet and reserved as they could. During the extraverted week, people saw a significant increase in well-being. This included higher ratings of positive affect, connectedness and flow. The researchers also found that asking people to behave in an introverted way decreased well-being. These findings are similar to other research quoted in the study where people commuting to work on trains and buses were asked to either speak with a stranger or remain silent. Those who spoke with strangers saw a boost to their positive feelings, while those who remained silent didn’t. But what makes the difference? Was it being talkative, being assertive, or being spontaneous? And do I really need to act outside my personality preference to get the well-being benefits linked to extraversion? After reading the study, I think these behavioural changes are all possible without working outside of our personality preference. You can be more assertive while still being introverted. It’s a behaviour. You can make a greater effort to connect with other people while still being introverted. Again, it’s a behaviour. And you can choose to be more spontaneous and adventurous while still being introverted. I believe it’s better to think of these as generally beneficial activities and ways of interacting, rather than attempts to change our personalities. I think one of the key takeaways from this research for leaders is the importance of building connections with others. That, independent of our personality preference for introversion or extraversion, we all need other people and we all want to belong. One of the leadership styles I explore with groups is what I call Connecting. This isn’t just about connecting directly with individuals you lead, it’s also about helping those you lead to make connections with others across the organisation. This helps to provide support while also boosting a sense of belonging, just like those people on the bus or train taking the time to talk with a stranger. As leaders, we can boost well-being and performance by using a Connecting leadership style. The other key takeaway is helping people to boost their assertiveness - being able to explore other’s perspectives while also presenting my own views and opinions clearly and confidently. If you want to learn more about that, you can check out episode 6 on Assertiveness, and you can also keep an eye out for my online Boost Your Assertiveness course which I’m currently trialing prior to a September launch. But as a leader, I can encourage people to share their views, and also take the time to listen to alternative views. We can boost the assertiveness in our organisations, not just in our people. If you’re interested in exploring the benefits of introversion, I recommend Susan Cain’s excellent book Quiet: The Power of Introverts in a World That Can't Stop Talking. She also has a great TED talk which I’ve linked to in the show notes. There are benefits from talking less and listening more. I think it’s entirely possible to work on our listening at the same time as we work on building connections and assertiveness. Unlike extraversion and introversion, they’re not opposite ends of a scale. Now, I came across the research on extraversion and well-being via the excellent British Psychological Society Research Digest. I highly recommend checking that out and I’ve provided a link in the show notes.   REFERENCES Susan Cain TED talk - The Power of Introverts. https://www.ted.com/talks/susan_cain_the_power_of_introverts?language=en Susan Cain - Quiet: The Power of Introverts in a World That Can't Stop Talking. https://www.amazon.com/Quiet-Power-Introverts-World-Talking/dp/0307352153 British Psychological Society Research Digest - https://digest.bps.org.uk/ Margolis, S., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2019, August 1). Experimental Manipulation of Extraverted and Introverted Behavior and Its Effects on Well-Being. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General. Advance online publication. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/xge0000668

We hit the jackpot with this one! Economist Robert Frank (you may remember him from such episodes as The Greatest Books Ever Written) joins David and Tamler to talk about his new book Success and Luck: Good Fortune and the Myth of Meritocracy. What role does pure chance play in making or breaking our careers and lives? Are effort and talent enough to succeed, or does the ball need to bounce our way? Where do we get our will-power and talent--is that ultimately a matter of luck as well? And what happens when we reflect on the lucky breaks we've received in our lives? Does it make us happier and more generous? Or do we feel like our accomplishments have been taken away? Plus a brief discussion of the Frank's revelatory 1988 book Passions Within Reason, and of some recent studies about how we convey our commitment to cooperate.     LinksRobert Frank [johnson.cornell.edu]Robert Frank interviewed on Fox News by Stuart Varney [video.foxbusiness.com]Ronald Coase [wikipedia.org]Everett, J.A.C., Pizarro, D. A. & Crockett, M.J., (in press). Inference of Trustworthiness from Intuitive Moral Judgments.  Journal of Experimental Psychology: General. [papers.ssrn.com]Passions within Reason by Robert Frank [amazon.com affiliate link]Frank, R. H., Gilovich, T., & Regan, D. T. (1993). The evolution of one-shot cooperation: An experiment. Ethology and sociobiology, 14, 247-256.Desteno, D., Breazeal, C., Frank, R. H., Pizarro, D., Baumann, J., Dickens, L., & Lee, J. J. (2012). Detecting the trustworthiness of novel partners in economic exchange. Psychological science, 23, 1549-1556. [pdf from davedesteno.com]Frank, R.H. (2016) Success and Luck: Good Fortune and the Myth of Meritocracy. [amazon.com affiliate link] Special Guest: Robert Frank.

Red or dead: In this episode we investigate the allure of violent video games, and how they relate to sex. Also, does the colour red increase a man's attractiveness? Download the MP3 Rate me! Rate, review, or listen in iTunes or in Stitcher. Read the transcript! Are Men More Attractive in Red? Why Do Women Play Violent Video Games? Nice codpiece! Does dressing in red make a man sexier?The articles covered in the show: Elliot, A. J., Kayser, M., Greitemeyer, T., Lichtenfeld, S., Gramzow, R. H., Maier, M. A., et al. (2010). Red, rank, and romance in women viewing men. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 139(3), 399-417. Read summaryHesslinger, V. M., Goldbach, L., & Carbon, C.-C. (in press). Men in red: A reexamination of the red-attractiveness effect. Psychonomic Bulletin and Review. Read summaryKasumovic, M. M., Blake, K., Dixson, B. J., & Denson, T. F. (2015). Why do people play violent video games? Demographic, status-related, and mating-related correlates in men and women. Personality and Individual Differences, 86, 204-211. Read summaryProkop, P., Pazda, A. D., & Elliot, A. J. (2015). Influence of conception risk and sociosexuality on female attraction to male red. Personality and Individual Differences, 87, 166-170. Read summary

Neuroaesthetics | Symposium Symposium im ZKM | Zentrum für Kunst und Medientechnologie, 22.-24. November 2012 In Kooperation und mit Unterstützung der Gemeinnützigen Hertie-Stiftung. The study of culture and biology have historically been stratified, however, recent theoretical and methodological advances in cultural and biological sciences provide novel opportunities for understanding the nature and origin of human diversity by bridging these gaps. Cultural neuroscience is an emerging interdisciplinary science that investigates cultural variation in psychological, neural and genomic processes as a means of articulating the bidirectional relationship of these processes and their emergent properties. Here I will discuss how cultural and genetic diversity affect mind, brain and behavior across multiple timescales. Specifically, in this talk, I will review recent evidence elucidating the effect of cultural values, practices, and beliefs, such as individualism-collectivism, racial identification, and preference for social hierarchy, on brain and behavior. I will also present evidence for culture-gene coevolution of individualism-collectivism and the serotonin transporter gene (5-HTTLPR). Finally, I will examine the implications of cultural neuroscience research for addressing population health disparities and public policy across the globe. Dr. Joan Y. Chiao is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Psychology at Northwestern University. She received her Ph.D. in Psychology from Harvard University in 2006 studying social psychology and cognitive neuroscience. Her main research interests include cultural neuroscience of emotion and social interaction, social and affective neuroscience across development, social dominance and affiliation, and integrating psychology and neuroscience research with public policy and population health issues. Chiao currently serves on the board of several journals including Culture and Brain, NeuroImage, Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, Social Neuroscience, Frontiers in Cultural Psychology. From 2009 to 2010, she served as editor for an edited volume of Progress in Brain Research on cultural neuroscience called Cultural Neuroscience: Cultural Influences on Brain Function and a special issue on cultural neuroscience in Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience. Dr. Chiao is a recipient of funding from the National Science Foundation, National Institutes of Health and Japan Society for the Promotion of Science and Technology. In 2011, she was named a Rising Star by the American Psychological Society and received a NIMH Early Career International Travel Award.