Podcasts about hellespont

Es geht weiter mit der Fahrt der Argonauten auf der Suche nach dem goldenen Vlies und in dieser Folge kommt es zu einigen Missverständnissen. Jason und seine Mannschaft werden von Kyzikos und den Dolionen gastfreundlich empfangen, doch einige sechsarmige Riesen, die “Erdgeborenen” Gegeneis werden von Hera aufgepeitscht und greifen an. Dann töten die Argonauten versehentlich die Falschen, vergessen kurz darauf auch noch Herakles und müssen ohne ihn weiterfahren. Triggerwarnung: Diese Episode behandelt Themen wie Krieg und Suizid. Mit: Argo, Argonauten, Jason, Pelias, Aietes, Herakles, Dolionen, Kyzikos, Kleite, Gegeneis, Erdgeborene, Poseidon, Hera, Zeus, Hylas, Polyphemos, Tiphys, Akastos, Mopsos, Pelasger, Rhea, Kalais, Zetes, Boreas, Glaukos, Orpheus, Cheiron, Achilles, Peleus, Thetis, Johann Heinrich Voß. Orte: Iolkos, Lemnos, Kolchis, Hellespont, Ägäis, Propontis, Marmarameer, Bärenberg, Phrygien. STEADY https://steadyhq.com/de/chaoskinder/about WERBEFREIER FEED https://open.spotify.com/show/5yF7oCMeJ9VuXNOKGI91ZS?si=6c90144399804043 PAYPAL https://www.paypal.com/donate/?hosted_button_id=VB2QKC88H9NYJ LITERATUR https://chaoskinderpodcast.wordpress.com/2022/06/27/quellen-und-literatur-auswahl/ MUSIK https://youtu.be/zfnRMIFHHrE WEBSITE www.chaoskinderpodcast.wordpress.com MAIL chaoskinderkontakt@gmail.com INSTA https://www.instagram.com/chaos.kinder/ FRANZÖSISCH "Le Chaos et ses enfants" https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/lechaosetsesenfants

When Alexander crossed the Hellespont to invade the Persian Empire in 334BC, he began a thirst for war that could not be sated. Territory was not his aim, nor was power for its own sake. What of Germany in 1914 and 1939? Competition with the great powers in the former case, and a demand for resources in the second were important motivations. Joining to discuss these and other examples is Richard Overy, historian of the Second World War and the author of many bestselling and award winning books. Richard Overy Links Why War? Aspects of History Links Ollie discusses D-Day on GB News (48mins in) Latest Issue out - Annual Subscription to Aspects of History Magazine only $9.99/£9.99 Ollie on X Aspects of History on Instagram Get in touch: history@aspectsofhistory.com Check out Badlands Ranch: badlandsranch.com/AOH Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A new ship, officers, and crew together in a metaphorical crucible. Characters new and old encounter a very different kind of action. We examine sea officers, authority and humanity; men and marriage, various rats, light and colors, and swimming the Hellespont. Ch 5.

Welcome to Episode 223 of Lucretius Today. This is a podcast dedicated to the poet Lucretius, who wrote "On The Nature of Things," the most complete presentation of Epicurean philosophy left to us from the ancient world. Each week we walk you through the Epicurean texts, and we discuss how Epicurean philosophy can apply to you today. If you find the Epicurean worldview attractive, we invite you to join us in the study of Epicurus at EpicureanFriends.com, where you will find a discussion thread for each of our podcast episodes and many other topics.Last week when Joshua was away we discussed with Don some of the most important high-level conclusions we can learn about Epicurus based on Cicero's attacks against it. We will continue to apply those as we proceed to the end of Book two, but when we were last in Cicero's text we were dealing with Cicero's claim that the Epicurean happy man model will not only not be constantly happy, because he will sometimes be wretched; but that Epicurean philosophy can never prove its point so long as it connects everything with pleasure and pain. This week we pick up with Cicero saying that as a result, Epicureans like Torquatus should "abandon pleasure to the beasts."XXXIII ... Hence, Torquatus, we must discover some other form of the highest good for man; let us abandon pleasure to the beasts, whom you are accustomed to summon as witnesses about the supreme good. What if even beasts very often, under the guidance of the peculiar constitution of each, shew some of them kindness, even at the cost of toil, so that when they bear and rear their young it is very patent that they aim at something different from pleasure? Others again, rejoice in wanderings and in journeys; others in their assemblages imitate in a certain way the meetings of burgesses; in some kinds of birds we see certain signs of affection, as well as knowledge and memory; in many also we see regrets; shall we admit then that in beasts there are certain shadows of human virtues, unconnected with pleasure, while in men them- selves virtue cannot exist unless with a view-to pleasure? And shall we say that man, who far excels all other creatures, has received no peculiar gifts from nature?XXXIV. We in fact, if everything depends upon pleasure, are very far inferior to the beasts, for whom the earth unbidden, without toil of theirs, pours forth from her breast varied and copious food, while we with difficulty or hardly even with difficulty supply ourselves with ours, winning it by heavy toil. Yet I cannot on any account believe that the supreme good is the same for animals and for man. Pray what use is there in such elaborate preparations for acquiring the best accomplishments, or in such a crowd of the most noble occupations, or in such a train of virtues, if all these things are sought after for no other end but that of pleasure? Just as, supposing Xerxes, with his vast fleets and vast forces of cavalry and infantry, after bridging the Hellespont and piercing Athos, after marching over seas, and sailing over the land, then, when he had attacked Greece with such vehemence, had been asked by some one about the reason for such vast forces and so great a war, and had answered that he wanted to carry off some honey from Hymettus, surely such enormous exertions would have seemed purposeless; so precisely if we say that the wise man, endowed and equipped with the most numerous and important accomplishments and excellences, not traversing seas on foot, like the king, or mountains with fleets, but embracing in his thoughts all the heaven, and the whole earth with the entire sea, is in search of pleasure, then we shall be in effect saying that these vast efforts are for the sake of a drop of honey.Believe me, Torquatus, we are born to a loftier and grander destiny; and this is proved not merely by the endowments of our minds, which possess power to recollect countless experiences (in your case power unlimited) and an insight into the future not far removed from prophecy, and honor the governor of passion, and justice the loyal guardian of human fellowship, and a staunch and unwavering disregard of pain and death when there are toils to be endured or dangers to be faced - well, these are the endowments of our minds; I beg you now also to think even of our limbs and our senses, which will appear to you, like the other divisions of our body, not merely to accompany the virtues, but even to do them service. Now if in the body itself there are many things to be preferred to pleasure, strength for example, health, swiftness, beauty, what I ask do you suppose is the case with our minds? Those most learned men of old thought that mind contained a certain heavenly and godlike element. But if pleasure were equivalent to the supreme good, as you assert, it would be an enviable thing to live day and night without intermission in a state of extreme pleasure, all the senses being agitated by, and so to Say, steeped in sweetness of every kind. Now who is there deserving the name of man, that would choose to continue for one whole day in pleasure of such a kind?The Cyrenaics I admit are not averse to it; your friends treat these matters with greater decency; they perhaps with greater consistency. But let us survey in our thoughts not these very important arts, lacking which some men were called inert by our ancestors; what I ask is whether you suppose, I do not say Homer, Archilochus, or Pindar, but Phidias, Polyclitus, or Zeuxis, to have regulated their arts by pleasure. Will then an artist aim higher in order to secure beauty of form than a preeminent citizen in the hope to achieve beauty of action? Now what other reason is there for so serious a misconception, spread far and wide as it is, but that the philosopher who pronounces pleasure to be the supreme good takes counsel, not with that part of his mind in which thought and reflection reside, but with his passions, that is to say, with the most frivolous part of his soul? If gods exist, as even your school supposes, I ask you how they can be happy, when they cannot realize pleasure with their bodily faculties, or if they are happy without that kind of pleasure, why you refuse to allow that wise man can have similar intellectual enjoyment?

In this episode we will look at one of English literature's greatest names, the Romantic Poet, Lord Byron. It is claimed outside of the U.K. he is the second most read British author behind Shakespeare.We first mentioned Byron in our second episode, Science Fiction Satan, where we quoted contemporary poet Robert Southey who dubbed Byron and his good friend Percy Shelley as ‘The Satanic School'. Southey claimed their work was, ‘characterised by a Satanic spirit of pride and audacious impiety.'Add to Southey's glowing endorsement, there is of course the more famous quote about Byron from Lady Caroline Lamb who called him, ‘Mad, bad and dangerous to know.'Then there's his work, poems and plays about the apocalypse, angels of death, vampires, defying the gods, a tribute to Dante's inferno, Lucifer and St Peter litigating over a King of England at the very gates of Heaven, an ode to Napoleon, likening him to our favourite disrupter, the witch of Endor from first Samuel, the devil's drive or the story of Cain told from the point of view of murderous Cain himself.After all of that, how could I resist doing an episode about this man? There are cameo guest appearances by The Young and the Restless, Forrest Gump, Joel Olsteen, Alexander the Great, William the Conqueror, John ‘Foul Weather Jack' Byron, Don Juan, Johnny Depp, Amber Heard, John ‘Captain Mad Jack' Byron, Marchioness of Carmarthen, Amelia Osborne, Catherine Gordon, George Gordon Byron, William Chaworth, Harrow Vs Eton Cricket match, Trinity College at Cambridge, William Fletcher, Hellespont, Greece, Dardanelles, Swimming World Magazine, Childe Harold's Pilgrimage, Clara Claremont, Mary Shelley, Percy Shelley, Switzerland, Frankenstein or The Modern Prometheus, Elvis, John Polidore, The Vampire, Bram Stoker, Dracula, John Milton, Darth Vader, Wolverine, The Phantom of the Opera, Venice, Ottomans, Thomas Moore, #SketchComedy #Sketch #Comedy #Sketch Comedy #Atheist #Science #History #Atheism #ConspiracyTheory #Sceptical #Scepticism #Mythology #Religion #Devil #Satan #Skeptic #Debunk #poetry 

Herakles muss für die Tochter des Eurystheus den Gürtel der Hippolyte besorgen ( 9. Arbeit ). Ich mache in dieser Folge ein kleines Experiment: ich erzähle euch 2 sehr unterschiedliche Versionen der Geschichte, eine von Diodor und eine von Apollodor. Auf der Rückreise muss Herakles es mit einem trojanischen Seeungeheuer aufnehmen, das Poseidon geschickt hat. Und dann verschlägt es Herakles an den westlichen Rand der Welt, um die Rinder des Riesen Geryon zu beschaffen. Und auf dem langen Weg gehen ihm aber einige davon verloren. Hera hat natürlich wiedermal ihre Finger mit im Spiel… Mit: Herakles, Admete, Eurystheus, Hippolyte, Aella, Philippis, Prothoe, Eriboea, Kelaeno, Eurybia, Phoebê, Deïaneira, Asteria, Marpê, Tecmessa, Alcippê, Antiope, Melanippe, Admete, Theseus, Laomedon, Andromeda, Perseus, Pegasos, Chrysaor, Helios, Orthos, Menoitios, Geryon, Hesione, Ialebon, Derkynus, Eryx, Hera, Iolaos, Kerberos, Ganymed, Medusa, Typhon, Echidna, Poseidon, Apollon, Artemis, Hermes, Hades, Hesperiden, Themiskyra, Troja, Mykene, Sizilien, Okeanos, Ligurien, Hellespont. STEADY (werbefrei auch bei Spotify) https://steadyhq.com/de/chaoskinder/about LITERATUR https://chaoskinderpodcast.wordpress.com/2022/06/27/quellen-und-literatur-auswahl/ MUSIK https://youtu.be/zfnRMIFHHrE WEBSITE www.chaoskinderpodcast.wordpress.com MAIL chaoskinderkontakt@gmail.com INSTA https://www.instagram.com/chaos.kinder/ PAYPAL https://www.paypal.com/donate/?hosted_button_id=VB2QKC88H9NYJ FRANZÖSISCH "Le Chaos et ses enfants" https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/lechaosetsesenfants TIKTOK https://www.tiktok.com/@daschaosundseinekinder?is_from_webapp=1&sender_device=pc

Door de rampzalige nederlaag in Sicilië vormt 413 een rampjaar voor de Atheners. Toch weten ze zich wonderbaarlijk te herstellen dankzij Alkibiades en Thrasybulus. Dan weet Sparta met veel Perzisch geld en een bekwame admiraal ook een sterke vloot op zee te brengen. De vloot blokkeert de Bosporus en de Hellespont. Er kan geen graan meer naar Athene. In 404 geeft het hongerende Athene zich over.

This is a teaser of the bonus episode, "Xerxes Invasion" found over on Patreon.Step back in time with us and uncover the epic saga of Xerxes' colossal invasion of Greece. Imagine inheriting a crown and a vendetta: that's exactly what Xerxes faced as he ascended to the Persian throne, but was he burning with the ambition to subjugate all of Greece? As your guide through this march into history, I'll take you through the aftermath of the First Persian Invasion, revealing how initial Persian endeavours sowed the seeds for an even grander campaign. We'll scrutinize Xerxes' grandiose preparations for war, from manipulating Greek city-states to bend the knee through 'Medizing' to constructing monumental engineering marvels like the canal through Mount Athos and the bridge over the Hellespont. These efforts etched themselves into the annals of history, setting the stage for a conflict of legendary proportions.If you would like to hear more and support the series click on the Patreon link at the bottom of the page or you can head to my website to discover other ways to support the series, HereSupport the show

'King at just 20, Alexander of Macedon spent two years securing his northern borders and Greece. In 334 he crossed the Hellespont to begin the campaign his father had prepared: the invasion of Achaemenid Persia.' The Ancient Warfare team discuss issue XVI.6 of the magazine Alexander versus Darius.    Join us on Patron patreon.com/ancientwarfarepodcast  

Welcome to Day 2176 of Wisdom-Trek, and thank you for joining me. This is Guthrie Chamberlain, Your Guide to Wisdom The Gospel of John – 36 – Jesus Prayed for You – Daily Wisdom Putnam Church Message – 10/23/2022 The Gospel of John – Part 4 Confirmation Of The Word – Jesus Prayed For You Today we continue our series on the Good News according to John the Apostle. Last week, Jesus prayed that His final act as the Word made Human would bring glory to God as He completed His mission. He then prayed for His disciples that they would be set apart, or sanctified as they continued the mission that He began, which was to build God's kingdom until He returned to restore the Global Eden. In John 17:17-19, Jesus said, 17 Sanctify them by the truth;/ your word is truth. 18 As you sent me into the world, I have sent them into the world. 19 For them I sanctify myself, that they too may be truly sanctified. (set apart) Our scripture for today is John 17:20-26, starting on page 1680 in the Pew Bible. Today we continue the Lord's Prayer as Jesus prays for all believers in a message titled Jesus Prayed For You. Follow along as I read.  Jesus Prays for All Believers 20 “My prayer is not for them alone. I pray also for those who will believe in me through their message, 21 that all of them may be one, Father,/ just as you are in me/ and I am in you. May they also be in us so that the world may believe that you have sent me. 22 I have given them the glory that you gave me, that they may be one as we are one— 23 I in them and you in me—so that they may be brought to complete unity. Then the world will know that you sent me and have loved them even as you have loved me. 24 “Father, I want those you have given me to be with me where I am, and to see my glory, the glory you have given me because you loved me before the creation of the world. 25 “Righteous Father, though the world does not know you, I know you, and they know that you have sent me. 26 I have made you known to them, and will continue to make you known in order that the love you have for me may be in them and that I myself may be in them.”   Let me start today with a story. Josephus, the 1st and 2nd-century Jewish historian, records a marvelous story that may or may not be accurate. In his great campaign for world domination in the 330s BC, Alexander the Great moved from the Hellespont to Egypt, laying siege to walled cities and conquering land in between. His path to Egypt took him down the narrow land bridge between the Mediterranean Sea and the Arabian Desert, a land ruled by Jerusalem. Israel was a choice piece of land for anyone wanting to control trade with Egypt. No one knew that better than the citizens of Jerusalem, who...

Dr John O. Hyland joins Paul and Beatrice to discuss fifth-century BC Persian ruler Xerxes I, whose royal progress took him to the Western boundaries of his empire. Xerxes I tried to extend his rule beyond the Aegean, which his father had failed to accomplish. For a land power this was a challenge, despite the formidable army that Xerxes commanded. He used two strategic tools – engineering, to construct a pontoon bridge across the Hellespont, and the hire of a navy, to tackle the Athenian fleet. While the latter did not work so well for him at Salamis, Xerxes' army returned by land.Safely back beyond the Straits, Xerxes portrayed himself as conqueror and enforcer of order on the Greeks. Dr John O. Hyland is the perfect specialist to talk to us about Xerxes, and also about the theory of a Greek or ‘Western' Way of War, identified and scorned by Xerxes' cousin Mardonius, and contrasted with a supposedly more subtle ‘Eastern' way of war. Dr Hyland holds a PhD on the Ancient Mediterranean World from the University of Chicago and teaches at Christopher Newport University. His next book will explore Persia's Greek Campaigns.

This is a teaser of the bonus episode, Persian Counter Attack found over on Patreon.After having looked at the reasons for the Ionian revolt breaking out, we now turn to the revolt itself. In the main series we had focused on the revolt in general with a large focus on the Greeks operations. This time around we take a closer look at the Persian response and the campaigns that they would launch against Cyprus, the Hellespont, Caria and Ionia. This will take us up to the final years of the revolt and the decisive naval battle of Lade which will be the focus of our next bonus episode along with the end of the revolt.If you would like to hear more and support the series click on the Patreon link at the bottom of the page or you can head to my website to discover other ways to support the series, HereISupport the show

Monday, 22 May 2023   Now when they had passed through Amphipolis and Apollonia, they came to Thessalonica, where there was a synagogue of the Jews. Acts 17:1   As Acts 16 ended, Paul and Silas were noted as having departed from Philippi. It may be that Timothy or others accompanied them, but this is unstated. With their departure, Acts 17 now begins, saying, “Now when they had passed through Amphipolis and Apollonia.”   Of these two cities, Albert Barnes notes the following –   Amphipolis - This was the capital of the eastern province of Macedonia. It was originally a colony of the Athenians, but under the Romans it was made the capital of that part of Macedonia. It was near to Thrace, and was situated not far from the mouth of the river Strymon, which flowed around the city, and thus occasioned its name, around the city. ... The position of Amphipolis is one of the most important in Greece. It stands in a pass which Traverses the mountains bordering the Strymonic Gulf, and it commands the only easy communication from the coast of that gulf into the great Macedonian plains, which extend, for 60 miles, from beyond Meleniko to Philippi. The ancient name of the place was ‘Nine Ways,' from the great number of Thracian and Macedonian roads which met at this point. The Athenians saw the importance of the position, and established a colony there, which they called Amphipolis, because the river surrounded it.   Apollonia - This city was situated between Amphipolis and Thessalonica, and was formerly much celebrated for its trade.   After having passed through these two cities, it next says that “they came to Thessalonica.” Again, Albert Barnes provides a description for us to consider –   “This was a seaport of the second part of Macedonia. It is situated at the head of the Bay Thermaicus. It was made the capital of the second division of Macedonia by Aemilius Paulus, when he divided the country into four districts. It was formerly called Therma, but afterward received the name of Thessalonica, either from Cassander, in honor of his wife Thessalonica, the daughter of Philip, or in honor of a victory which Philip obtained over the armies of Thessaly. It was inhabited by Greeks, Romans, and Jews. It is now called Saloniki, and, from its situation, must always be a place of commercial importance. It is situated on the inner bend of the Thermaic Gulf, halfway between the Adriatic and the Hellespont, on the sea margin of a vast plain, watered by several rivers, and was evidently designed for a commercial emporium.”   Of Thessalonica, it says, “where there was a synagogue of the Jews.” The account doesn't say why the two passed through the other two cities without stopping, but it could be that there was no synagogue. This even seems likely because, in the text used by the NKJV, there is an article before the word synagogue, thus it is “the synagogue.” Thus, it would explain why they simply passed through the other two cities.   However, it may be that the two arrived in Thessalonica on a Friday and decided to attend the synagogue on a Saturday. Without knowing why this city was chosen, only speculation can be made. As for the distances between the cities, it was about 33 miles from Philippi to Amphipolis. It was then about 30 miles from Amphipolis to Apollonia. From there, it was about 37 miles from Apollonia to Thessalonica. Each is about one day's journey, and so it could be that this is how they went, arriving at Thessalonica late on the third day. It is only speculation, but the distances make this a possibility. If so, the journey was in three parts and so it is recorded as such.   Life application: The difficulties and trials of Philippi are behind the missionaries. They may have wondered why things happened as they did, but later understanding came to them. Paul explains this in his first letter to those at Thessalonica –   “For you yourselves know, brethren, that our coming to you was not in vain. 2 But even after we had suffered before and were spitefully treated at Philippi, as you know, we were bold in our God to speak to you the gospel of God in much conflict.” 1 Thessalonians 2:1, 2   Those in Thessalonica had been evangelized because Paul and Silas had been treated shamefully at Philippi. What was certainly considered evil to them turned out for good for those at Thessalonica. And Paul would certainly not trade a single stripe on his back once he realized how things turned out. Each new convert was seen to be worth the troubles they had faced. And with a church up and running at Philippi, things were moving forward for them as well.   Trust that God's plan is unfolding as it should. Despite the enormous trials we may face, He is not unaware of them, nor is He not caring about them. Our patience and trust will be rewarded someday. God will not leave anything unremembered. So, stand fast in Him and in the surety that you are just where He wants you.   Lord God, how good it is to know that You have it all under control. For sure, we can trust this and be confident that what You have purposed will come about. As glory is said to be ahead of us, why should we be overwhelmed with the troubles of today. Help us to keep an eternal perspective as we live out our lives. Amen.  

Wednesday, 19 April 2023   So passing by Mysia, they came down to Troas. Acts 16:8   The previous verse revealed the inability of the missionary team to enter Bithynia because the Spirit would not allow them to. With that, it next records, “So passing by Mysia.”   Rather, the verb is an aorist participle, “So having passed by Mysia.” This doesn't mean that they avoided the area altogether, but that they did not preach there. From their previous location, they had to travel through Mysia to get where they next headed, which is that “they came down to Troas.”   Their travels took them from an area of the highlands to the coastal area where the well-known seaport of Troas was. Troas, or Alexandria Troas, is a city on the northeastern coast of the Aegean Sea which is the western boundary of Asia Minor. Of this area Albert Barnes notes –   “This was a city of Phrygia or Mysia, on the Hellespont, between Troy north, and Assos south. Sometimes the name Troas or Troad, is used to denote the whole country of the Trojans, the province where the ancient city of Troy had stood. This region was much celebrated in the early periods of Grecian history. It was here that the events recorded in the Iliad of Homer are supposed to have occurred. The city of Troy has long since been completely destroyed. Troas is several times mentioned in the New Testament, 2 Corinthians 2:12; 2 Timothy 4:13; Acts 20:5.”   From this area, it is possible to sail off to other areas, and that is exactly what will be needed as the missionaries are led by the Spirit.   Life application: As noted in the commentary of the previous two verses, the hindrances placed before the group are not fully explained by Luke. It can only be speculated concerning what it means that the Holy Spirit kept them from preaching in the province of Asia or that the Spirit did not permit them to go into Bithynia. For all we know, there may have been some sort of problem in the region of Asia, such as an uprising or a time of mourning for a leader that had died. Maybe there was an arbitrarily applied lockdown because of a pandemic.   Whatever the case, and the speculation could go on indefinitely, the group understood that the timing of the surrounding events precluded them from preaching in this area. As they were being led by the Spirit and their feet had arrived in this area at that particular time, they knew that the Lord had other intentions for them.   If you are a believer in Christ, then you are “in Christ.” By default, the things that happen around you are as they should be. It is our job to respond to the events as they come and attempt to discern what God's will for us is. This can be difficult because it won't be written on signposts. Rather, throughout your day, talk to the Lord. Acknowledge His presence and ask Him to guide you accordingly.   Whatever happens will ultimately be known to the Lord. Nothing occurs that He is not aware of. But this doesn't mean we are not to act. The more we include Him in our thoughts, prayers, and actions, the better off we will be in our own minds concerning what occurs.   At times, Paul sat in a Roman prison. He could say, “Well, this isn't where the Lord wants me.” But that is not at all what he said. And more, he didn't give up while sitting there. He continued to rely on the Lord and tell people about Jesus. He accepted that he was exactly where the Lord intended him to be. Just because he may not have liked his surroundings, it doesn't mean he didn't accept them as the will of the Lord.   Keep close to the Lord at all times. Include Him in all you do. And be sure to acknowledge His will as being a part of where you are at any given moment.   Lord God, help us to live in Your presence acknowledging that You are with us and directing us at all times. Our denial of this doesn't mean it isn't true. It would just mean that we have failed to accept that You are with us. But You are. And so, Lord, help us to realize this and remain faithful to You no matter what. Amen.

As a young boy, Alexander was tutored by the famous philosopher Aristotle, who taught him a range of subjects, including philosophy, politics, and science. Alexander showed great intelligence and a thirst for knowledge, which would serve him well in his later conquests. When his father was assassinated in 336 BC, Alexander became king at the age of just 20. He immediately set about consolidating his power and expanding his kingdom. He defeated several rebellious city-states, and then turned his attention to the Persian Empire. In 334 BC, Alexander crossed the Hellespont (a narrow strait separating Europe and Asia Minor) with an army of around 35,000 soldiers, beginning his conquest of Persia. He won a number of battles against the Persian forces, including the famous Battle of Issus in 333 BC, where he defeated the Persian king Darius III. Alexander continued his conquest of Persia, taking cities and provinces one by one. He famously marched his army through the desert of modern-day Iran to reach the wealthy city of Persepolis, which he captured and looted in 330 BC. Alexander's empire continued to grow, and he conquered Egypt, Syria, and parts of India. However, his campaign was not without setbacks. His army faced a difficult battle against the Indian king Porus in 326 BC, and after years of non-stop campaigning, Alexander's soldiers began to tire. In 323 BC, Alexander fell ill in Babylon and died at 32. His death is thought to have been caused by a fever or poison, although the exact cause remains a mystery. Alexander's legacy was significant. He is remembered as one of the greatest military commanders in history, and his conquests helped to spread Greek culture and ideas throughout the world. Despite his relatively short life, his achievements had a profound impact on the course of history, and he is still widely studied and admired today. Show notes at https://thedigressionpodcast.com/98 Sound Off! With a comment or a question at https://thedigressionpodcast.com/soundoff Like the show? Leave a 5-star rating and review: https://thedigressionpodcast.com/review Help us keep the engine running at https://thedigressionpodcast.com/donate Or just share our podcast with a friend! It's the best way to grow the show!! “MaxKoMusic – Dark Ages” is under a Creative Commons (cc-by) license. Music promoted by BreakingCopyright: http://bit.ly/maxkomusic-dark-ages

Welcome to Episode One Hundred Forty-Nine of Lucretius Today. This is a podcast dedicated to the poet Lucretius, who wrote "On The Nature of Things," the only complete presentation of Epicurean philosophy left to us from the ancient world. Each week we'll walk you through the ancient Epicurean texts, and we'll discuss how Epicurean philosophy can apply to you today. If you find the Epicurean worldview attractive, we invite you to join us in the study of Epicurus at EpicureanFriends.com, where you will find a discussion thread for each of our podcast episodes and many other topics. We're now in the process of a series of podcasts intended to provide a general overview of Epicurean philosophy based on the organizational structure employed by Norman DeWitt in his book "Epicurus and His Philosophy."This week we discuss a number of fundamental points about the early years of Epicurus:The Cultural ContentBorn in 341 BC, seven years after death of Plato and seven years before Alexander crossed Hellespont to conquer Persia.Platonism was dominant in higher education.When Epicurus arrived in Athens the Cynics were in revolt against conventional philosophy.Epicurus owes debt to the later Aristotle in that Epicurus focused on organic life instead of inorganic, leading to setting Nature as furnishing the norm rather than hypostatized Reason as taught by Plato.Chief negative influences of the time were Platonism and oratory, both of which were focused on the political.Epicurus declared war on the whole system of Platonic education. More than half of Principle Doctrines are direct contradictions of Platonism.It is a major mistake to consider Stoicism to be the primary antagonist of Epicureans - this ignores that Stoicism was developed after Epicurean philosophy: the main enemy of Epicurus was Platonism.Epicurus A Man of EruditionSome detractors of Epicurus claim he was an ignoramus and enemy of all culture. This is absurd.Epicurus was precocious as a child and challenged his teachers on the origin of the universe.Epicurus no doubt received Platonic schooling in geometry, dialectic, and rhetoric.Epicurus shows great familiarity with Platonic texts and more than half of his doctrines are rejections of Platonic positions.Epicurus declared dialectic a superfluity but criticized Plato with acumen and wrote against the Megarians, the contemporary experts in logic.Epicurus rejected geometry as relevant to ethics but adopted the procedures of Euclid in his own textbooks. Epicurus refuted mathematicians' claims that matter is infinitely divisible.Epicurus was clearly familiar with Aristotle and adopted many of his findings.https://www.epicureanfriends.com/thread/2744-episode-one-hundred-forty-nine-the-cultural-and-academic-context-of-the-rise-of/?postID=20658#post20658

Jennifer Strong McConachie is a life-long outdoor adventure athlete.   She has traveled the globe, raced an ultramarathon on five of the seven continents, swam the Hellespont from Europe to Asia, escaped Alcatraz, climbed several of the Seven Summits, and conquered an American epic by running across the Grand Canyon and then back again.   For more than 30 years, Jennifer has competed in running, swimming, triathloning, and adventure racing as part of her global endurance sporting lifestyle. She also trains for various kinds of paddling sports and mountain ascents around the world.   When not tackling tough adventures, Jennifer is an award-winning marketing executive based in the US, with more than 15 years of experience working with local, regional, national, and global firms.    Jennifer most recently became a Fellow in the Royal Geographical Society after writing her first book, Go Far: How Endurance Sports Help You Win At Life. https://amzn.to/3ciFo4O    New episodes of the Tough Girl Podcast go live every Tuesday at 7am UK time - Hit the subscribe button so you don't miss out.    You can support the mission to increase the amount of female role models in the media especially in relation to adventure and physical challenges. Visit www.patreon.com/toughgirlpodcast and subscribe - super quick and easy to do and it makes a massive difference. Thank you.   Show Notes Who is Jennifer Being able to do all kinds of endurance sports  Running at a young age  Getting into mountaineering, climbing, and wild swimming  Putting all of her endurance sports experience into her book: Go Far: How Endurance Sports Help You Win At Life Getting into new adventures with kids Dedication to endurance challenges and writing a book Growing up in a sporty, outdoorsy family  Having fun as a child triathlete in the 90s  Being on a rowing team back in college  Getting into ultra running and marathons in her 20s  Travelling the world with her family Choosing her own unique life path Having a female role model Going on adventures with her dad  What does adventure mean to Jennifer Her secret to exploring the adventure mindset  Making the most of what you have to be the best you can be  Reading books about places and feeling energized  Magical moments from her adventures and challenges  Motherhood and how her adventure has changed over the years  Creating physical and mental space for her recovery  Having her team as her recovery tools  Getting into more details about therapy and recovery  Running the length of the Grand Canyon and back What inspired Jennifer to write the book Final words of advice   Social Media   Website: jenniferstrongmccon.com    Instagram: @jenstrongmccon    Facebook Author Page: @JenniferStrongMcConachieAuthorPage    Twitter: @jenstrongmccon    Book: Go Far: How Endurance Sports Help You Win At Life.   

This week we had the pleasure of chatting with Jennifer McConachie - an inspiring multi endurance sport adventurer, author and mother. Jennifer has done some amazing things - like raced ultras on 5 of the 7 continents, climbed several of The Seven Summits, swam the Hellespont from Europe to Asia, done stage races, adventure races, and recently created and completed a 100 mile paddle down the Missouri River - just to name a few! She immerses herself in the places she goes - learning as much as she can before a big trip - reading the literature, studying the culture. She's driven to push herself outside her comfort zone and to find and be the best version of herself. Jennifer says ultra experiences are like parenting experiences condensed so the mental strength for both of them mirror each other. One of the mindsets she carries with her in endurance sports and motherhood is that how you feel now is not how you're going to feel later - a powerful reminder to give yourself time, space and grace in the low moments of an ultra event or while parenting!! It WILL turn around. It was such a joy talking with Jennifer and getting inspired to go do an adventure - near or far! Enjoy this episode and check the show notes for how to find a copy of her book, “Go Far: How Endurance Sports Help You Win At Life”! Don't forget to subscribe to the podcast and share this with your circle! Thank you! Show Notes: Find Jennifer on Instagram Jennifer's website Jennifer's Book Grab a bag of Treeline Coffee and use code RUNHARD10 for 10% off your order of delicious mom fuel! --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/run-hard-mom-hard/message

The Persian invasion of 480 BC had now been defeated with the victory over Xerxes land forces on the Greek Boeotian plains outside Plataea. While his navy was destroyed in Persian controlled lands below mount Mycale on the Anatolian coast. The Greeks would continue operations into 479 under Athenian command for the first time, sailing into the Hellespont where Persian influence in the area would be extinguished.In the meantime, the Athenians had been returning to Athens now that the Persians had been vanquished. Though, their city lay in ruins and would need to be rebuilt for a second time in a year. The building programs would be overseen by Themistocles, now back in political favour. The defensive walls he planned would attract the attention of the Spartans who would engage in talks to have them removed. Though, Themistocles with his usual cunning would see they would be complete before anything could be done.The beginning of 478 BC would see yet another campaigning season begin over in the eastern Aegean. This time Sparta would be back in command, though this time Pausanias, who over saw the victory at Plataea would be leading the navy. Sparta seems to have recognised their misstep in abandoning the leadership the year before and now looked to regain their authority.Though, the regent Pausanias would fall from favour and so to would the Spartan King Leotychides. Pausanias, now over in Anatolia would appear to invert the qualities found to describe him in Herodotus. He would become cruel, arrogant, corrupt and even traitors by some accounts, and would eventually end up on trial in Sparta, where he would be starved to death. Leotychides would also face corruption charges after campaigning in Thessaly where he would end up going into exile. So, within 10 years the commanders who had led the forces that saw the Persian defeat had fallen from grace and were seen as nothing more than criminals.Casting Through Ancient Greece WebsiteFollow on TwitterFollow on FacebookSupport the show (https://www.patreon.com/castingthroughancientgreece)

From 1313 to 1341, Özbeg Khan oversaw what is normally  described as the Golden Horde's Golden age. As our last episode on Özbeg discussed, things were not going quite so golden for old Özbeg. The appellation of golden age belies the troubles which were growing ready to rock the Golden Horde. As our last episode looked at Özbeg and the Golden Horde's relations south and east, with the other Mongol khanates and the Mamluk Sultanate, today we take you west and north, to see how Özbeg interacted with the powers of Eastern Europe and the Rus' principalities. I'm your host David, and this is Kings and Generals: Ages of Conquest.   What appears almost shocking at a cursory glance, is that despite so many authors claiming Özbeg's glory, he also oversaw its first loss of Golden Horde territory. We'll begin in the Balkans, and work our way north. On his accession, Özbeg had continued the policy of the late Toqta Khan, by keeping the Bulgarian lands a part of the Horde, backed up by Mongol military presence. Özbeg's support was important for the Bulgarian tsars in this period: the Tsar from 1323 to 1330, Georgi Terter's son Michael Shishman, relied heavily on Mongol military support and kept one of his sons at Özbeg's court as a royal hostage. At the battle of Velbuzjd in 1330, a Bulgarian and Mongol army was defeated by the Serbians, in which Tsar Micheal Shishman was killed. The threat of a military response from Özbeg is probably what kept the Serbians from pressing their advantage. The journey of a Bulgarian embassy to Cairo in 1331 resulted in the Mamluk chronicler al-Umarī to report that despite fighting between the Bulgarians and Serbs, both respected Özbeg due to his great power over them. Though it was not comparable to the influence Nogai had once wielded over the region, the presentation of contemporary chronicles is that the Bulgarian lands remained dependent on the Golden Horde; Bulgaria, for example, was the base from which the Mongols launched attacks on Byzantium, rather than seen as a country they passed through. It was the eventual loss of this Mongol backing that would result in Bulgaria's vulnerability to Ottoman expansion at the end of the century.    Like Toqta, Özbeg too married an illegitimate daughter of the Byzantine Emperor, this time of Andronikos III in 1331. This wife was called by the Mongols Bayalun Khatun, and Ibn Battuta accompanied her when she returned to Constantinople to give birth. The impetus was to dissuade further attacks by Özbeg, for Özbeg had resumed raiding the Byzantine Empire. Annual attacks from 1321 to 1323, the largest coming in 1323 and causing a great deal of damage. Raids at first ceased with the marriage of 1331, but when Bayalun refused to come back to the Horde after returning to Constantinople to give birth, attacks resumed. The last recorded assault came in 1337, advancing as far as the Hellespont. Supposedly in response to the failure of Constantinople to supply its annual tribute, the Horde army spent 50 days plundering Thrace, and in the process defeated a Turkish force sent across the straits by a growing beylik in northwestern Anatolia, the Osmanoğlu. Though you may know them better as the Ottomans. So ended the last recorded attack by the Golden Horde on the Byzantine Empire. Sometimes this is compared as a symbolic act, the passing of the torch from Mongol to Ottoman, from old conqueror to new, when it came to the main threat to the region. In 1341 a Byzantine embassy was sent to the Horde to mollify Özbeg, but arrived after his death.   While in truth Özbeg's attacks on the Byzantine Empire were raids rather than efforts at conquest, he apparently played them up somewhat in his own court as great victories over Christian powers. Ibn Battuta, during his visit to Özbeg, presents the Khan as a great victor over the enemies of God who undertook jihad against Constantinople. Özbeg, it must be clarified, never showed any attempt at conquering that famous city, and his military actions against Europe all seem considerably minor efforts compared to his wars against the Ilkhanate.   Along the borders of the Hungarian Kingdom, troops of the Horde —perhaps not always with Özbeg's permission— raided regularly, especially in Transylvania. However these assaults could now be repulsed, as Hungary was rejuvenated under the skillful leadership of a new dynasty, headed by Charles I of Hungary. On occasion Charles led attacks onto dependencies of the Horde or of Bulgaria.  It is remarkable that most of these raids are known only indirectly; often only from charters, where an individual was rewarded for fighting against the Mongols, rather than through any chronicle mention. Özbeg may have preferred indirect pressure, by supporting the former Hungarian vassal, the voivode of Wallachia, a fellow named Basarab. There is no shortage of debate around Basarab and early Wallachia, and we'll avoid it here; the exact origins and timeline of the emergence of this principality is very far from agreed upon. Established on the border regions of modern Romania and Moldova, these were lands otherwise under control of the Golden Horde. Basarab himself is a target of many arguments; his name suggests a Turkic, likely Cuman origin, however contemporary sources consistently describe him as a Vlakh, a member of the Romance-language-speaking community which today mainly refers to the Romanians. Depending on how his father's name is reconstructed, it appears either recognizably Mongol, or even Hungarian. While initially a subject of the Hungarian King, by the end of the 1320s Basarab was at war with the Hungarians, and decisively defeated them at the battle of Posada in 1330. There is indirect indication that Basarab had some military support from the Golden Horde.   The independence of Wallachia appears a part of the gradual secession of authority of the Golden Horde over its westernmost border. Most dramatically was this apparent through today's Ukraine and Belarus, where the influence of Lithuania grew at the expense of the Golden Horde. Early Lithuanian-Mongol contacts over the thirteenth century seem to have consisted of raids in both directions. Several times did Nogai provide armies for Rus' princes to attack the Lithuanians, while the Lithuanians took advantage of the initial Mongol invasion in the 1240s to raid deep into the Rus' lands. The transition from the thirteenth to the fourteenth century is one of poor coverage for Lithuanian history; scattered Lithuanians princes of the 1200s appear in the 1300s unified and consolidated under the Grand Dukes of Lithuania, particularly from Duke Gediminas onwards. By the 1320s, Gediminas was in position to influence the succession over Galicia-Volhynia, in today's western Ukraine and Belarus and at the time subject to the Golden Horde. Between 1321 and 1323, the young princes of Ruthenia died without heir. The King of Poland Władysław I, the Lithuanian Duke Gedminas, and Khan  Özbeg were all very interested in the succession. While  Özbeg may have been caught up in his conflicts with the Ilkhanate, at this time the Polish King wrote to the Pope fearing a Mongol attack, and in 1324 Mongol ambassadors were in the Lithuanian capital of Vilnius. Threats and diplomacy, rather than open war, was the means by which the three powers came to a conclusion. An acceptable candidate to replace the deceased princes was selected in the form of Yurii II Boleslaw, a fellow of Polish, Ruthenian and Lithaunian background, a Catholic who converted to Orthodox Christianity, and who married a daughter of Duke Gediminas. And what did  Özbeg get out of it? The continuation of tribute from Galicia-Volhynia.    This willingness for diplomacy with these western neighbours seems surprising, but the sources indicate it was very much  Özbeg's preferred order of operations in this theater. In 1331, a brother of Lithuania's Duke Gediminas was installed in Kyiv, alongside a Mongol basqaq, or tax collector. In what has been termed a Lithuanain-Mongol condominium, it seems the arrangement was that these westernmost Rus' lands paid tribute and military service both to Lithuania, and the Golden Horde. As noted by historian Darius Baronas, news of this arrangement made it as far as France, where a French poet in the 1330s described Lithuania as paying tribute to the Golden Horde. It seems that  Özbeg's calculation was simple;  Özbeg wanted the income from these western Rus' principalities, but didn't desire war over them, intent as he was on focusing his forces on the Ilkhanate. The frontier with Lithuania and Poland was long, the region as a whole rather peripheral. It was cheaper and more convenient to give the administration over to the Lithuanians while still retaining the income. When necessary the threat of the Horde's horsemen could be levied; in 1333 there was a raid on Briansk, then under Lithuanian control. Meanwhile the Lithuanians could avoid open conflict with the Mongols, allowing them to deal more fully with those troublesome Teutontic Knights. It would not be until the end of  Özbeg's life that this arrangement was challenged, but until that point it proved remarkably flexible and workable to all involved, except for those at the bottom of the ladder now  being taxed twice. But  Özbeg, however clever he thought he was, had given a foothold for Lithuanian expansion which would soon push right to the Black Sea coastline.  In 1340 when Yuri Boleslaw of Galicia-Volhynia died, the King of Poland Casimir III invaded, but quickly withdrew as the threat of Mongol retaliation mounted. While border clashes with Poland, and soon Hungary, commenced,  Özbeg actually engaged in diplomacy even with Pope Benedict XII, notifying his holiness of  Özbeg's displeasure. Papa Benedict even offered to make the Kings of Poland and Hungary pay for damages Özbeg incurred because of them. A far cry from the days of the khans demanding the submission of the Popes, but the matter was not resolved before Özbeg's death in 1341.   And what of the Rus'? Here  Özbeg intervened most forcefully, particularly compared to his predecessors. On  Özbeg's enthronement in 1313, the lead prince of the Rus', Grand Prince Mikhail of Tver', spent two years cozying up to  Özbeg in his court, eager to secure his support. In his absence from the Rus' Principalities, Mikhail's rivals got to work. His main foe was his cousin, Yurii Daniilovich, the Prince of Moscow. A grandson of the famous Alexander Nevskii, Yurii was a man overflowing with ambition. While Mikhail of Tver' was with  Özbeg in his ordu, Yurii of Moscow stormed Novgorod and took it for himself. Mikhail convinced  Özbeg to give him an army, and in 1315 they retook Novgorod. Yurii of Moscow was summoned to  Özbeg, ostensibly for punishment. But the silver tongued Yurii managed to work his way into  Özbeg's favour, with this one simple trick: convincing  Özbeg that he would be able to collect more tax revenues than Mikhail. For this, he received a yarliq installing him as Grand Prince of Vladimir, the chief Prince of the Rus', as well as receiving a sister of  Özbeg in marriage. Konchaka was her name, and she was baptized a Christian, taking the name of Agatha.   Full of confidence and the Khan's blessing, Yurii then attacked Mikhail of Tver', and was promptly defeated. Yurii fled the field, while his newly betrothed Konchaka was taken captive by Mikhail. The Prince of Tver' tried to tread carefully; in the Nikonian Chronicle,  Mikhail treats the captured Mongol generals and troops respectfully, showering them with honours, gifts and releases many of them. His intention was to re-earn Özbeg's favour, and be reinstalled as the Grand Prince. Unfortunately for him,  Özbeg's sister Konchaka then died in Tver's captivity, in mysterious circumstances. As you might guess, this was not exactly beneficial to any reelection campaign. Mikhail of Tver' was put on trial on Özbeg's court, and after several months of deliberation, Mikhail was condemned and executed in 1318. Yurii of Moscow was thus confirmed as Grand Prince by  Özbeg.   The significance of this is twofold. Firstly, the khans had previously confirmed as Grand Prince whoever was presented to them, and thus followed Riurikid tradition. That is, succession as Grand Prince normally went brother-to-brother, before passing onto the next generation.  Özbeg upended this by choosing the new candidate out-of-order, generationally speaking. Yurii of Moscow, as the son of Nevskii's third son Daniil of Moscow, was very much out of place in this rota system while the previous generation was still alive. Furthermore, this was the first time that the Princes of Moscow received the title of Grand Prince. Moscow had been a minor settlement before the Mongol invasion. Because of  Özbeg's confirmation of the title onto Yurii, Moscow was put onto the steady course to, in time, ‘gather the lands of the Rus', and eventually swallow up the remnants of the Golden Horde. But that was still some centuries ahead.   Yurii was not to enjoy his position as Grand Prince for long. After being confirmed by  Özbeg he returned to Rus' where he was met with angry princes and an angry population. The late Mikhail of Tver's sons swore bloody vengeance. Unable was Yurii to provide the promised volumes of tax. In 1322  Özbeg removed Yurii from his post, and by 1325 Yurii was murdered by Dmitri the Terrible-Eyes, a son of Mikhail of Tver'. Dmitri was executed by  Özbeg the next year, but the Grand Princely title was given to Dmitri's brother, Alexander of Tver'. Nearly did it seem that Tver' would monopolize the position; Tver's wealth was then greater than Moscow's, their right to rule better recognized internally in Rus'. So it would have stayed, until 1327, when there was an uprising in Tver' which resulted in the killing of several of Özbeg's officials. Tver' was then sacked as punishment and Grand Prince Alexander Mikhailovich fled for his life. And who stepped into the vacant spot of Grand Prince? Well, the brother of Yurii of Moscow, Ivan Daniilovich. Or as he is better known to posterity, Ivan I Kalita; Ivan “the purse,” or more usually translated as money-bags.   Ivan, as you may guess by his sobriquet, proved quite adept at providing Özbeg the much desired tax revenue. Enjoying the position of Grand Prince of Vladimir until his death in the 1340s,  Ivan Kalita's lengthy time in the position solidified Moscow's monopoly over the Grand Princely title, and began in earnest its ascendency. For Kalita greatly enriched the city itself, bringing other holdings to its authority and thereby turned the once minor city into one of the most eminent of the Rus' principalities. The Metropolitan of the Rus' Orthodox Church moved to Moscow in the 1320s, which also cemented it as the centre of Rus' Christianity, politically. On his death he was succeeded by his son Simeon —confirmed of course by  Özbeg Khan— as Prince of Moscow and Grand Prince of Vladimir, and so the title remained among their line. Ivan Kalita's descendents would transform Moscow and the Rus' principalities into the Tsardom of Russia, and ruled until the sixteenth century, when the extinct Rurikids gave way to the Romanovs.   But such dreams of conquest were far off in the mid-fourteenth century. Rus' history should not be read backwards. The fourteenth century Daniilovichi, the Moscow princely line, were not in a contest for independence against the khan. Far from it. As they had in effect, usurped the succession to the Grand Principality, and had numerous rivals due to it, the Princes of Moscow relied greatly on the khans for their legitimacy. The Grand Prince was the most important tax collector for the khan, and the basis had now been established for the khan to remove him if desired. And  Özbeg was not above reminding the Rus' of his might; some ten Rus' princes were executed on  Özbeg's order, more than any of his predecessors had done combined. As long as the Princes of Moscow kept bringing in the revenue that the khan wanted, then Özbeg kept the Daniilovichi propped up against any threat. Without the Golden Horde, there was therefore, no rise of Moscow.   When it came to the succession to the Golden Horde itself, as noted in our previous episode Özbeg had violently trimmed the Jochid lineage, hoping to ensure only his sons could succeed him. His favoured heir, Temür, predeceased him, leaving Özbeg with two troublesome boys; Tini Beg, and Jani Beg. Tini Beg seems to have been the favourite to succeed Özbeg, and after the death of Qutlugh-Temür, Tini Beg became the governor of Khwarezm on behalf of his father. A possible indication of falling out between though, comes from coinage minted near the end of Özbeg's life. Then, coins begin to be minted bearing the names of Özbeg and Jani Beg, and letters from foreign rulers were addressed to Özbeg and Jani Beg, perhaps suggesting Jani Beg had taken the #2 role in the khanate. Sadly our information on the internal situation on the Jochid court is scant, preventing us from making any proper conclusions or charting its history in this time, particularly as the history of Özbeg's final years is considerably less detailed.   Possible troubles between his sons were not the only issues he faced. In 1339 a coup attempt briefly had Özbeg besieged in his palace in New Sarai before the guards broke it up, captured and killed most of the conspirators. Evidently there had been Christians involved; a letter from Pope Benedict XIII thanked Özbeg for only executing three of the Christian conspirators. As this coincides with the appearance of Jani Beg's name on the coinage in place of Tini Beg, and Tini Beg apparently showed greater favour to Christians than Jani Beg ever did, we might wonder if Tini Beg had a hand in the coup attempt. How else would conspirators be so brazen as to attack the khan in his own palace? But this is mere speculation, and the origins of the coup are unfortunately lost to history.    For a man of such a lengthy reign, and relatively well covered in the primary sources, Özbeg's final days are surprisingly unclear. One Mamluk source, aš-Šuğā'īs, has Özbeg die while leading an attack on the Chagatai Khanate in 1342, an attempt by Özbeg to take advantage of that khanate's ongoing political struggles. Another Mamluk writer, al-Asadī, mentions Özbeg dying in New Sarai in 1341. Most sources simply note the fact of his death in late 1341 or 1342, with no additional details. Regardless, Özbeg, Khan of the Golden Horde, died likely late in 1341, after 28 years on the throne. He was likely in his late 50s or 60s, making him one of the longest reigning, and longest living, Mongol khans. Only Khubilai Khaan's 34 years on the throne was longer, while Chinggis Khan himself had only 21 years as Khan of the Mongol ulus. Wealth and prosperity within the khanate, and the violent removal of rival princes, ensured Özbeg enjoyed the longest reign of any khan in the 1300s, a century when most khans hardly ruled as long as 5 years and generally died in their mid-thirties.    What do we make of Özbeg's life then? In some respects it certainly was a Golden Age, in terms of the arts, crafts and city-building in the steppe. It's a period of staggering prosperity in comparison to the anarchy which would soon follow. The internal stability of the Horde in this period alone makes it appear an oasis compared to the years on either side of his life. But Özbeg's claim to fame, his efforts at islamization, were hollow and never complete, and likely they were never intended to be. In foreign policy Özbeg largely experienced defeats, or inadvertently laid the groundwork for the rapid loss in Mongol authority in certain regions. The Golden Horde likely enjoyed its greatest period of wealth and in some respects, international prestige under Özbeg. But the precedent he had set with horrific princely slaughters would soon reign ruin upon the Jochids, as would an event far outside of any monarch's control: the Black Death.   A final remark can be made regarding the modern Uzbeks. The name is sometimes attributed, even by medieval authors, as coming from Özbeg's name.  That is, that in some sense the Uzbeks saw themselves as followers of Özbeg Khan, and thereby named themselves for him. The argument though is rather weak; the Uzbek confederation would not emerge until well after Özbeg Khan's death, and Özbeg as a name is hardly unique to the Jochid khan, for it dates back to the twelfth century, if not earlier. Much like the attribution of the Nogai Horde to the thirteenth century prince Nogai, it's an effort to attach a nomadic union to an earlier prominent figure which rests on little or no direct evidence.   With Özbeg's death, it was time for his son Tini Beg to take the throne. But things would not go well for Tini Beg, as the Jochid state was soon to experience a period of anarchy it would never recover from. So be sure to subscribe to the Kings and Generals Podcast to follow. If you enjoyed this and would like to help us continue bringing you great content, consider supporting us on patreon at www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. This episode was researched and written by our series historian, Jack Wilson. I'm your host David, and we'll catch you on the next one. 

The Ionian Greeks along with their allies from Athens and Eretria had entered and burn Sardis, though they failed to take the Acropolis. They withdrew back to the coast where the Persian would catch up to them and fight the battle of Ephesus. The Greeks would be defeated with the survivors making for their cities, the Athenians and Eritreans sailing home to take no more part in the revolt.With no more aid coming from Greek lands, the Ionians would now take measures that would see the revolt spread throughout other parts of Anatolia. By 497, Much of Aeolia, the Hellespont, Caria and even as far south as Cyprus would be in open revolt. Though, with the revolt spreading, the Persians would be arranging a response to punish those responsible and bring these lands back under their control.Multiple Persian armies would operate throughout the western parts of the empire seeing that Cyprus would once again become a Persian possession. Further operations would also see the trade rich areas of the Hellespont coming back under Persian control. Caria and Ionia would prove slightly more of a challenge. Caria would see hard fighting and would see the Persians having to deal with partisan operations. While In Ionia, a major set piece battle would be fought before the Persians could begin reducing the Ionian cities one by one. Eventually, western Anatolia would be back in Persian hands.Persia's attention would then shift west to Greek lands, where the Ionians, now Persian subjects once again would be part of the forces marching west. They would make up a sizable portion of the Persian navy during both the first and second Persian invasions. With the Greek victory over Persia during the invasions, the war would enter Persian lands in Ionia. The Ionians would now be encouraged to revolt for the second time, with the spark being lit during the battle of Mycale. The region would become important during future operations, with events and decisions leading to unintended consequences for a new generation of Greeks. Casting Through Ancient Greece WebsiteFollow on TwitterFollow on FacebookSupport the show (https://www.patreon.com/castingthroughancientgreece)

For the re-launch of Cauldron I've chosen the fight between Umma and Lagash as our starting point. Certainly not the first battle in human history but in my humble non-historian opinion the first that we can really get a clear narrative picture of. It's ancient ancient history, 2,116 years before Alexander crossed the Hellespont, so dates, facts, and numbers are loose when present at all. But, there are character archetypes we're familiar with; a great and greedy king, a ravenous blood-thirsty god, and there are recognizable themes; revenge, jealousy, pride, and lust for power. All this means is we can only broadstroke the battle given the lack of information and facts, truly a glimpse of the past, our past, through Tuchman's “distant mirror”. But, a picture can be formed, however loosely, of that long gone version of ourselves and we can start to tell our history, the history of war, if not from it's beginning then somewhere closeby. So, let's get In Medias Res, and get stuck in with episode one the battle between Umma and Lagash!Thanks for hanging in there if you are an old listener, thanks for joining the audience if you are a new listener!For a list of sources just shoot me an email.Music - VHS 80's bundle by DopeBoy KitsRate Review Subscribe and follow along on Instagram Twitter Facebook Tiktok

A native of Lampsacus on the Hellespont, he became a monk at the age of seventeen. When his spiritual Father died, he went on pilgrimage to Constantinople, where he took up the ascesis of folly for Christ, pretending madness in order to conceal his virtues and struggles from the world. He then went to the Great Lavra of St Athanasius on Mount Athos, where he lived as a simple monk in complete obedience. One day, he was told in a dream to go to the summit of Athos to receive (like Moses) the tablets of the spiritual law. He prayed continuously atop the Holy Mountain for three days, after which the Mother of God appeared to him surrounded by angels. She gave him a miraculous loaf for his sustenance and told him to live in solitude on the wild slopes of Mount Athos. Henceforth he lived apart, barefoot in all weather. He would build himself crude shelters of branches and brush; after living in one for a short time he would burn it and move to a new place. Thus he received the name Kavsokalybites "the Hut Burner" from the other monks, who dismissed him as a madman.   Saint Gregory the Sinaite (April 6), one of the great Hesychasts, heard of St Maximos, and hurried to meet him. When they met, St Maximos put aside his usual silence at St Gregory's pleading, and they discoursed together for many hours. Saint Gregory was astonished at the wonders that God had accomplished in St Maximos, at his depth of spiritual understanding and his eloquence. Returning to the nearby monks, he said "He is an angel and not a man!" He begged St Maximos to give up his nomadic life and his pretended madness, and to live among his fellow monks for their edification. This St Maximos did. He settled in one of his crude huts, living on bread miraculously provided from heaven and on sea-water, which was made sweet by his prayer. He received and counseled any monks who sought him out, and over the years was visited by two Emperors and by the Patriarch of Constantinople. In his last years he returned to a small cell in his Lavra, where he reposed in peace at the age of ninety- five. The monks of Mt Athos immediately venerated him as a Saint.

A native of Lampsacus on the Hellespont, he became a monk at the age of seventeen. When his spiritual Father died, he went on pilgrimage to Constantinople, where he took up the ascesis of folly for Christ, pretending madness in order to conceal his virtues and struggles from the world. He then went to the Great Lavra of St Athanasius on Mount Athos, where he lived as a simple monk in complete obedience. One day, he was told in a dream to go to the summit of Athos to receive (like Moses) the tablets of the spiritual law. He prayed continuously atop the Holy Mountain for three days, after which the Mother of God appeared to him surrounded by angels. She gave him a miraculous loaf for his sustenance and told him to live in solitude on the wild slopes of Mount Athos. Henceforth he lived apart, barefoot in all weather. He would build himself crude shelters of branches and brush; after living in one for a short time he would burn it and move to a new place. Thus he received the name Kavsokalybites "the Hut Burner" from the other monks, who dismissed him as a madman.   Saint Gregory the Sinaite (April 6), one of the great Hesychasts, heard of St Maximos, and hurried to meet him. When they met, St Maximos put aside his usual silence at St Gregory's pleading, and they discoursed together for many hours. Saint Gregory was astonished at the wonders that God had accomplished in St Maximos, at his depth of spiritual understanding and his eloquence. Returning to the nearby monks, he said "He is an angel and not a man!" He begged St Maximos to give up his nomadic life and his pretended madness, and to live among his fellow monks for their edification. This St Maximos did. He settled in one of his crude huts, living on bread miraculously provided from heaven and on sea-water, which was made sweet by his prayer. He received and counseled any monks who sought him out, and over the years was visited by two Emperors and by the Patriarch of Constantinople. In his last years he returned to a small cell in his Lavra, where he reposed in peace at the age of ninety- five. The monks of Mt Athos immediately venerated him as a Saint.

Quizmasters Lee and Marc welcome Seth for a general knowledge quiz on The Beatles, Geography, Chemistry, Psychology, Animals, Board Games, History and more! Round One JAMES BOND - Who played James Bond in Goldfinger? THE BEATLES - What Beatles song started as a 27-minute long jam and was named after a British amusement park attraction? GEOGRAPHY - The Dardanelles, also known from classical antiquities as the Hellespont, is a narrow, natural strait, an internationally significant waterway, in what country? BASKETBALL - The official Spalding NBA basketball, used in all official league games, has black lines separating it into how many segments? POLITICS - The modern left-right political spectrum emerged following what historic event in 1789 (when liberals sat on the left side of the assembly and conservatives on the right)? CHEMISTRY - When a triglyceride is treated with sodium hydroxide, what is created as the result? Round Two PSYCHOLOGY - Spineless, Tyrannical, Enforcing, and Explosive are subtypes of what personality disorder that is named after a French nobleman? ZIP CODES - In what state would you find the zip code 12345? FARM LINGO - A steer is a castrated bull, a barrow is a castrated pig, and a gelding is a castrated horse; what kind of animal is a capon? BOARD GAMES - In 2006, Monopoly Here and Now was replaced, which replaced the railroads with four U.S. airports; what four airports were used in the game? ANIMAL CALLS - "Bugling" is the term used to describe the call of which antlered North American animal? ANCIENT HISTORY - The Hasmonean dynasty was established after the defeat of the Seleucid empire in the Levant in 160 B.C.E. The revolt was led by a man named Judah, who along with his four brothers were given what surname which in Aramaic means "The Hammer"? Rate My Question U.S. PRESIDENTS - What US president, known as Unconditional Surrender, spent the two years immediately after his presidency traveling the world, being the first president to visit Jerusalem? Final Questions U.S. HISTORY - The first U.S. retaliation for the attack on Pearl Harbor took place in what month? CEREAL BRANDS - Put the following cereals in order from oldest to newest: Frosted Flakes, Raisin Bran, Life and Rice Crispies? CULTS - Members of what cult formed by J.R. Bob Dobbs in 1979 claimed that their prediction of an alien invasion signalling the the end of the world in 1998 (known as X-Day) was wrong because they had gotten the date upside down, and would really be happening on 8661? Upcoming LIVE Know Nonsense Trivia Challenges December 15th, 2021 - Know Nonsense Challenge - Point Ybel Brewing Co. - 7:30 pm EDT December 16th, 2021 - Know Nonsense Trivia Challenge - Ollies Pub Records and Beer - 7:30 pm EDT You can find out more information about that and all of our live events online at KnowNonsenseTrivia.com All of the Know Nonsense events are free to play and you can win prizes after every round. Thank you Thanks to our supporters on Patreon. Thank you, Quizdaddies – Brandon, Issa, Adam V., Tommy (The Electric Mud) and Tim (Pat's Garden Service) Thank you, Team Captains – Captain Nick, Grant, Mo, Jenny, Rick G., Skyler, Dylan, Shaun, Lydia, Gil, David, Aaron, Kristen & Fletcher Thank you, Proverbial Lightkeepers – Robb, Rachael, Rikki, Jon Lewis, Moo, Tim, Nabeel, Patrick, Jon, Adam B., Ryan, Mollie, Lisa, Alex, Spencer, Kaitlynn, Manu, Matthew, Luc, Hank, Justin, Cooper, Elyse, Sarah, Karly, Kristopher, Josh, Lucas Thank you, Rumplesnailtskins – Sarah, FoxenV, Laurel, A-A-Ron, Loren, Hbomb, Alex, Doug, Kevin and Sara, Tiffany, Allison, Paige, We Do Stuff, Kenya, Jeff, Eric, Steven, Efren, Mike J., Mike C., Mike. K If you'd like to support the podcast and gain access to bonus content, please visit http://theknowno.com and click "Support." Special Guest: Seth.

Episode 8.1 -  Ancient Greek Military StrategyHi, my name is Clayton Mills.  Welcome to ‘A Short Walk through our Long History' - a podcast where we look at the events of history, and try to see how those events shaped our modern world. Welcome to Episode 8.1 -  A side trip to look at ancient Greek military strategy and weapons.  Specifically hoplites and triremes.  I've mentioned that ancient Greece wasn't that large of a place, and they weren't as populous as some of the other larger empires that they fought against, but they were still somehow able to defeat many of their enemies.  Eventually, under Alexander the Great, they will conquer the largest area of land, and create the largest empire, that the world had ever seen, to that point, but we're not there yet. Today, I want to take a look at the technology, training, culture, and tactics that allowed Greece to be so successful militarily.  Different countries throughout history have had different advantages over their neighbors, and it's often these advantages that determine which country ends up being the strongest.  For example, Ancient Egypt had the advantage of a steady supply of water and good fertile soil, because of the Nile river.  This meant that they usually had plenty of food and water, which meant they could develop a pretty large population.  Food and population stability also creates wealth, so the Egyptians could afford a large army.  It often gets overlooked in history just how expensive it is to have an army.  Navies are even more costly.  And now there's air forces, and space forces, and man, it's really expensive!  The US budget for just defense spending last year (2021) was over $750 Billion.  With $750 billion in cash, you could buy ALL the real estate in Greece.  The US spent that in one year on just the military.  Unfortunately, none of that was used to destroy our federal government, which really seems to be the biggest threat that the US faces right now.  I mean, our own government is a bigger threat to our liberties and way of life than any other foreign government.  It's not like Mexico is massing a huge army on our southern border, planning to invade.A huge group of drug dealers and human traffickers, maybe.  Maybe they are invading, but it seems like our government is paying them to come.  Let's pay the invaders!  That seems like a good strategy to keep them from trying to come in illegally.  Yeh, we need some way to defend ourselves from our own government. Amies were expensive back in the ancient world as well, and to keep an army in the field, you had to feed them, move them with carts and horses, provide some of the equipment for them, and then pay them.  This all costs a lot of money.  This was also why there was so much looting and pillaging when an army captured a city.  It was a way that the soldiers got paid.  Soldiers could make a lot of money in a good looting.   This helped with their usually meager pay.  In fact, many soldiers took the job not because they got a bit of steady pay from the government, but because they might have the chance to loot Athens, or Sardis, or some wealthy city, whose army they had just defeated.  It could make you pretty rich, at least by the standards of the day.But back to my point, which was that if you wanted to have a good army, it helped to have a sizable population, decent food supply, and enough money to pay for an army.  But once you had an army, you kind of had to take them out and fight someone every so often, or the army would get restless and start fighting the local government.  So you had to have an army, but you also had to take them out from time to time and let them destroy your neighbors.  Another advantage that countries had, besides a good army, were their natural resources.  For example, in Mesopotamia, there's not a ready supply of tin or copper, which is what you need to make bronze weapons.  Every bronze-age empire in Mesopotamia had to go up into the hills to the northeast of the Tigris river, and try to capture the land where there were copper and tin mines.  So there was a resource constraint they had to overcome.  So let's look at the Greek natural advantages.  Greece had a relatively stable growing season, and reliable water supplies.  They didn't have a whole lot of farmland, because it was hilly and rocky, but they could grow olives, grapes, and other things besides farm crops.  Then, they have almost infinite coastline, so they have all these great harbors for ships.  With their ships, they would sail across the Aegean and then eventually the whole Mediterranean to trade what they had for things like wheat and other grains.  They were expert sailors and fishermen, so they were very at home on the water, unlike some other cultures.  The Egyptians, for example, almost never sailed out in the open waters of the Mediterranean, but instead kept to the calm waters of the Nile.  The Greek coastline also meant that they could do a lot of fishing.  So, if you like fresh fish cooked in olive oil, ancient Greece would have been a good place for you.  They also had decent land for raising sheep and goats.  The rocky, mountainous land was difficult to travel in, which meant that smaller city-states tended to the be the norm in Greece, rather than one big empire, even though they were all bound together by the same culture, language, gods, and often by treaties to support other city-states.  The mountainous terrain made it difficult to move armies around, so the Greeks were somewhat protected from neighboring tribes.  The Greeks had a lot of ships, so they could use the coastline and the sea to transport armies, which helped them be more mobile than some of their land-bound neighbors.  Also, Greece had its own supplies of copper, tin, and zinc, which meant they could make their own bronze weapons.  So despite being relatively small in terms of population, Greece had some advantages over Persia, Egypt, Assyria, and some of the other ancient empires.  [recorded to here]But now we get to the part that I think is interesting enough to make an extra episode about it.  Greek weapons and strategy, which was really one of their best advantages. The bit about geography was just background, but it helps explain why the Greeks fought in the way that they did.  Your average Greek soldier was not a professional soldier, but was only a soldier part-time, during the ‘campaigning' season, or when there was an outside threat.  The rest of the time, they were middle-class land owners, shop keepers, fishermen, or something like that.  I say middle-class, because to be a soldier you had to provide your own armor, helmet, shield, sword, and spear.  That took a bit of cash, so your subsistence farmer might not have been able to do that.  So all this stuff was made of bronze.  Bronze is made by taking copper, melting it, and mixing in tin, zinc, arsenic, or some other things.  Good bronze is much stronger than just copper, and it holds a better edge on a sword.  You hit a copper sword with a bronze sword, and the copper sword is going to just bend, or at least have a big dent in it.  So having good bronze weapons is an advantage over those who don't have them.  This is of course why this era is called the Bronze Age.  It is followed by the Iron Age, because once people figured out that they could make even stronger weapons with Iron (really, it was a type of steel), then those countries had an advantage over the peons who were still using bronze.  Classical Greece exists at the end of the Bronze Age, and just before the beginning of the Iron Age.  The Greeks had good bronze, and had become very adept at making bronze things, including the weapons and armor for their soldiers.A Greek foot soldier was called a hoplite, and there were also soldiers who were archers, and calvary as well.  Let's take a look at what foot soldier's equipment, because it's the Greek foot soldiers who really made the big difference in these famous battles.  I wish I could show you a picture, but hey, this is podcast.  Just google hoplite, and you can see a lot of pictures.  They were pretty cool looking.So a soldier would have a helmet made of bronze, usually with a big crest on the top, made with horsehair.  I honestly don't know why they added the horsehair crest, but it was a really common feature of helmets in the ancient world.  I guess they just thought it looked cool?  It does look cool, but it doesn't seem to be helpful in any other way.  The soldier also had a breastplate of bronze, that also covered their back.  These were heavy, at least 50 pounds.  Then they also had a large, round shield.   Their shields were a bit bigger than Captain America's shield, and instead of vibranium, they were made of just plain old bronze.  The shield was big enough to cover them from their shoulder to down below their hips.  But they were also heavy.  Soldiers also often had greaves, which are like tall bronze socks, that covered their shins.  They wore leather gauntlets on their forearms as well.  Some Greek soldiers had a form of armor called linothorax, which was a kind of tunic made of linen.  Doesn't sound very sturdy, does it?  Here you go, here's a nice loose t-shirt for armor.  That should work.  But apparently, they had a way of gluing together layers of linen, to make a sort of flexible, breathable cloth armor, that was much lighter and cooler than bronze.  Some people have recently tried to recreate this type of armor, and found that with several layers glued together, linen could indeed stop an arrow, or stop a sword from penetrating, which I find kind of amazing.  It's the ancient Greek equivalent of Kevlar.  For weapons, the hoplites usually carried a short sword, and a long spear.  The spear usually wasn't a throwing spear, they held on to it and basically stabbed people from a bit of a distance.  More on that in a minute.The Greek soldiers fought in a unit known as a phalanx.  The basic idea of a phalanx had been developed by the Sumerians, but the Greeks improved it.  They used a phalanx that was essentially a big square.  In a phalanx, the soldiers all fought as a unit, not as a mob of individuals just chopping at whomever they find next, like you see in the big battle scenes in the Lord of the Rings or other movies.  The soldiers lined up shoulder to shoulder, with their shield on their left arm.  The Shields protected themselves, and the soldier to their left.  With their right arm, they held their spear.  So the front line of the phalanx was a long line of shields, with spears sticking out of it.  The next line of soldiers, just behind the front line, also held up their shields, and would use them to push on the front line.  The Greeks used an 8 line phalanx, so they had 8 lines of soldiers.  The lines behind the front line would also point their spears out the front of the formation, so if an enemy got past the first set of spear points, they would meet more spear points.  So there was a lot of spear stabbing going on.  If the spears got dropped or broken, or the enemy was too close, they would use their swords.  The front line could also fall back through the second line, to change who was up front, and relieve the soldiers who where at the front, as they tired.It was a powerful formation, and if an enemy, like the Persians, used simple line sof soldiers, or let the soldiers run loose like a mob, the phalanx would basically crush the enemy line.  Think of it as a solid brick of soldiers, pushing its way through a loose crowd.  In the Battle of Marathon, the Greeks and the Persians both lined up in long lines across from each other, then started marching towards each other.   The Greeks had intentionally thinned out the center of their line, and set full phalanxes on their left and right flanks.  The Persians, who were much more lightly armored, had a different strategy for battle.  The Persians would unload an enormous volley of arrows, you know, ‘darken the sky with our arrows,' that stuff, then follow with a cavalry charge that would often break the enemy lines.  Then the foot soldiers would come in and defeat the enemy, often just by sheer numbers.  The Greek general at Marathon, Miltiades, had actually fought under the command of King Darius of Persia for a while, so he knew the Persian strategy.  He also knew that the cavalry was not with the Persian army, so he marched his troops out quickly, before the Persians expected them.  The Persian cavalry was away, on their way to Athens itself, hoping to perhaps take the unguarded city.  The Persian and Greek lines closed in on each other.  According to Herodotus, the Greeks covered the last 400 meters or so at a run, still in formation, which was an unusual tactic for them.  The Persian archers were firing away, but their arrows didn't do much damage against the Greek armor.   The Greeks phalanx formation had a system of holding up their shields, which created a sort of shield umbrella, so the arrows weren't effective.  The lines crashed into each other, and the hand-to-hand fighting began.  The Persians pushed forward in the center, where their best troops were, and the Greek center gave way, but then the thick Greek phalanxes on the flanks began to push the Persian lines in onto themselves.   The Persian lines collapsed, and their soldiers began to run for the boats.   The Greeks caught and killed many of them.  The stories say that the Greeks only lost about 190 men, while killing 6400 Persians.  This might be a bit of an exaggeration, but even so, it's clear that it was a very lopsided battle, and a huge victory for the Greeks.  The Persians that survived got on their boats and sailed back to Ionia, or what is now Turkey.  The Greek armor and their phalanx strategy had beaten the lighter, more mobile Persians.  The battle of Marathon turned back Darius, but Xerxes came back to Greece with a LOT more men.  But again, the Greeks had the advantage of their terrain.  When Xerxes' army met the Greeks, the Greek soldiers were defending a narrow mountain pass near the town of Thermopolyae.  The Greeks basically plugged the pass with a phalanx, and no matter how many troops Xerxes threw at them, they would not budge.  It wasn't until the Persians snuck around to attack the Greeks from behind that they were able to make any progress.  And as I said last episode, Leonidas sent most of the Greeks home, and stayed behind with the rest of the Spartans, and 700 other Greeks, to face the Persians.  The Spartans believed that the only way to return home was to return victorious.  Spartans weren't much for retreating.  Let's take a bit of time here to talk about the military culture of Sparta.  It was a unique thing in the ancient world.  I said a bit ago that most soldiers were farmers, shopkeepers, etc.  Not the Spartans.  They were the first place in the world that had a class of full-time, professional soldiers, and they took it very seriously.  The Spartans saw themselves as descendants of Hercules, or Heracles, if you like the Greek pronunciation better.  If you were a male citizen, you were a soldier.  If you were born a boy who was a citizen of Sparta, you were basically trained to be a soldier your entire life.  This was for the citizens of Sparta - Sparta had a lot of slaves who did most of the actual work.  Spartan women, who were married to a male citizen, were the ones who ran the households, ran the businesses, and kept watch on what the slaves were doing.  The men and boys were often off at camp, training.  So by they time they were old enough to be part of the army, the boys had had years of training, and knew what was expected of them.  The end result of all of this was that the Spartans were excellent warriors.  They were in great shape, they were trained to work as a unit, They understood battle tactics and strategy, and they all shared the belief that to die on the field of battle was the ultimate honor.  Supposedly, when a Spartan man left for a battle, his wife would hand him his shield, and say, ‘with it, or on it.'  Which meant, either return victoriously or return dead.  Now of course this is probably not what happened, but it does accurately depict something about Spartan culture.  Either win, or die.  And the Spartans usually won.  Or they died fighting, like at Thermopolyae. So while the Spartans had the best army of the ancient world, the Athenians were more focused on their navy.  Unlike Sparta, which was inland, Athens was right on the coast.  Part of what made Athens a great city was its substantial trade with other cities all across the Mediterranean.  So the Athenians knew how to sail, even in the choppy, unpredictable waters of the Mediterranean Sea.  The Greeks created the first battleship of the ancient world - the trireme.  The trireme was a long wooden ship, with a long pointed spike out in the front, just at the waterline.  This spike was designed to crash into the opposing ship, and poke a hole in it at the waterline, so it would take on water, which would make the ship sink.  Or in another tactic, they would drive the prow of the boat through the enemy's oars on one side, which basically rendered the other boat unusable.  They also had their version of the Marines -  most triremes had a group of hoplites on board who would jump onto the enemy boat, and engage in hand to hand combat.  They would then take over or destroy the enemy boat. The trireme had three rows of rowers, top, middle, and lower.  There were as many as 30 on each row, on each side.  For the math challenged, that's 180 rowers on a boat.  They could get up to about 8 miles per hour, which is a lot for a rowboat.  Also, they were big and heavy, so a big boat going 8 miles an hour with its long metal covered prow, crashing into another boat, would cause a lot of damage.  So naval battles were a huge mess - boats crashing into one another, hoplites boarding enemy vessels, fires, sinking, and lots and lots of drowning, because apparently most sailors did not know how to swim.  Which seems odd to me, but that's how it is described by the historians.  So, lots of drowning.  The Athenians invested a lot in their navy.  The Triremes could be used both for battle, and for ferrying armies of hoplites to other places along the coast.  Also, the Greeks, being regular sailors, knew their coast.  If you take a short look at Greece on a map, you'll see that it's an almost endless series of small islands, coastal peninsulas and inlets, and irregular coastline.  Add into that rocks, shoals, narrow places, and tricky winds, and it's easy to see how an enemy navy could have a hard time.  Some of Darius's soldiers were destroyed on boats that sank during a storm before Marathon.  Some of Xerxes' soldiers were drowned when their boat-bridge across the Hellespont collapsed.  After that, Xerxes had some soldiers ‘flog' the sea, and throw chains in it, to say it had been imprisoned by its master, Xerxes.  As far as anyone can tell, the sea basically ignored Xerxes and went on being the sea, as it always had. The Persians rebuilt the bridge, got their army across, and kept going, of course, until they got to Thermopolyae and the Spartans, where they had a bit of a pause, as I said earlier. But their real defeat was at the hands of the Greek navy at Salamis.  I mentioned this in the last episode.   The Greeks, who knew the area, lured the Persian navy into a narrow straight between the island of Salamis and the mainland.  The Greeks were able to maneuver, and they split the Persian navy in two.  They also killed Xerxes' brother Ariabignes, who was one of the admirals of the fleet, which added to the Persian's confusion.  It's worth pointing out that the Persian navy was actually a very good navy, filled with skilled sailors, and excellent vessels.  They weren't just a bunch of land-lubbing yahoos.  In fact, many of the Greek crews were actually brand-new, and so were some of their ships.  The Persians had all the advantages, except for the advantage of knowing the terrain, so to speak.  But the Greeks weren't afraid to face the Persians on the sea, and they won a monumental battle.So, like the battle of Marathon before it, the battle of Salamis was a great Greek victory, and the Persians again retreated.  This time, they didn't come back.  But pretty soon, Alexander and some more Greek phalanxes would be again fighting with the Persians. We'll get to that soon.Next episode:  We go back to our historical flow, and we will talk about Athenian democracy, and the beginning of the Golden age of Greece.

Episode 8 -  The Persian WarsHi, my name is Clayton Mills.  Welcome to ‘A Short Walk through our Long History' - a podcast where we look at the events of history, and try to see how those events shaped our modern world. Welcome to Episode 8 -  The Persian Wars.  We're talking today about the ancient wars between Greece and Persia.  I've mentioned that Greece has had an important impact on the western world, but did you know that ancient Greece was almost wiped out?  A couple of times?  Greece was a small country, but they tangled with the biggest empire of their time:  The Persians.  The battles between these two countries will become legendary, and will give us a couple of the best quotes of all time.  Also, Pheidippides!  And his famous last words.  Lots of good quotes in this episode.  We've mentioned the days of the Mycenaeans, and the Greek dark ages, and how the beginning of the end of the Greek dark ages was when Homer wrote the Iliad and the Odyssey, which was sometime around 800 BC.  Now we're getting to the real beginning of recorded history, and from this point on, we can almost always date what one culture says is going on against the records of other cultures.  In other words, we're finally at the point where we have a unified timeline, and we can fit events to very specific dates on the timeline.  Before this, we always had to say ‘sometime around 800 BC,' but after this, we're getting to the point where we can say ‘on September 27th, 480 BC, this happened.'  That's the date, by the way, of the Battle of Salamis, which was the Ancient Greek version of the Battle of Midway.  Well, with less dive-bombers. So, around 550 BC (ok, I'm still using ‘around' in a few places).  Around 550 BC, the Persians, who were a tribe from what is now Iran, began to expand.  They conquered the Medes, who had been the biggest kingdom in the region, and then continued to expand.  Their king was Darius, and he built up the largest empire the world had seen to that point.  The Persian empire stretched from the Persian gulf in the south, to what is now Kazahkstan in the east, up to the middle of the Black Sea in the north, and in the west, they began to expand into Greek-held lands in what is now Turkey.  This area of Turkey was called Ionia, and at first the Ionian cities did not resist the Persians.  They didn't have the strength.  But in 499 BC, the Ionians tried to rebel.  They were supported by two cities from mainland Greece, Eritria and Athens.  Together, they destroyed a Persian city, Sardis, and then the Eritrians and Athenians went back home. Well of course the Persians quickly came back and re-conquered Ionia.  And the Persians did not forget that the Athenians and Eritreans had helped in the revolt. So the Persians are thinking about the cities of Eritrea and Athens.  And they aren't happy.  This set up 50 years of fighting, known to the Greeks as the Persian Wars.  Ok, now we are getting to one of the most famous battles of all time, the battle of Marathon.  This battle is carefully recorded by the Greek historian, Herodotus, who wrote about it only 50 years after it happened.  In 490 BC, Darius came back to Greece with a massive army and a massive navy. He landed first at Eritrea, and destroyed the city.  Darius and the army then got back in their boats, and sailed to Marathon, a small town just northeast of Athens.  The Athenians sent their best messenger, a runner, a guy named Pheidippides, to run to Sparta, and ask for help.  It's about 150 miles from Athen to Sparta.  Lots of hills.  Herodotus mentions our friend Pheidippides.  Supposedly, Pheidippides ran that 150 miles just in 2 days.  For scale, that's about the distance from Houston to Austin.  The MS 150 is a BICYCLE race from Houston to Austin, and it takes 2 days.  Supposedly Phidippedes ran that whole thing, and then asked the Spartans for help.Normally the Spartans would have been all over this request, since they were maybe the most war-loving city in all of history.  But they were in the midst of an important city festival, and the elders said they couldn't come fight until the festival was over.  No, we can't come defend Greece.  We have this party, see?  It's kind of a big deal, so we'll come when the party is over.  OK?  So Pheidippides ran back to Athens with the bad news.  And then the Athenians sent him on to the front at Marathon with army.  The Greek army had about 10,000 soldiers.  Kind Darius and the Persians had at least 30,000.  Some estimates are higher.  When they began the battle, the Greeks intentionally let the center of their line collapse, and then the phalanxes on the Greek wings turned in and crushed the Persians.  We'll talk more about the Phalanxes and what they are in a separate episode.  The Persians, sensing that they were being beaten, fell apart and ran, and the Greeks chased them and cut them down, chasing them all the way to their ships.  The Persians lost as many as half of their men, which was a stunning defeat.  The ones who survived sailed back across the Aegean Sea to regroup.  Back on the field at Marathon, the Greeks sent our runnin' friend Phidippedes to run back to Athens, and tell then what had happened.  The distance from Marathon to Athens is just about 25 miles, which is where we get the distance for a modern marathons.  Phidippedes runs up to Athens, and says to the elders, ‘Nicómen!', which means, ‘We won!'.  And then he died, right there, right in front of the elders.  As last words go, though, those are pretty good. Right?So we have a historic victory for the Greeks, and and a heroic effort from Phidippedes, and the Persians retreating across the Aegean Sea to Ionia and points farther east.  Not long after that, King Darius dies, but the memory of what happened in Greece does not.  Darius's son, Xerxes (one of the cooler names in all of history, btw), succeeds him.  Xerxes wants to out-do his father, and wants to expand the Persian empire even farther.  So he decides he's going to bring an even bigger army to Greece, and show them what's what.   So in 480 BC, 10 years after Marathon, he sets out, with an army of between 150 thousand and million men.  Accounts vary on the size, Herodotus says a million, but it's quite probable this was the biggest army ever, up to this point in history.  Xerxes also has a huge navy, to try to fight the Greek navy, and keep them from sailing up the coast and flanking his army. But instead of sailing most of his army to Greece, he marches them.  There's a stretch of water they have to cross, in what is now Istanbul, called the Hellespont.  Xerxes has his engineers build a bridge there, using 600 ships, which is an enormous number of ships, by the way, and planks and even dirt on the planks, so his army can march on a road.  It apparently took the army seven days to cross, the army was so large.  Once they were across, they had to march over to the main part of the Greek peninsula.  And they had to march through some mountains to get to the peninsula.  But there waiting for them in the mountain pass, near the town of Thermopylae, was a group of about 7000 Greeks, including 300 Spartans led by their king, Leonidas.  You know where this is going, don't you?  The battle at Thermopylae is one of the most famous battles in all of history.  Leonidas and the Greeks had the advantage of good position, but Xerxes had almost unlimited men.  So sometime in late July or early August of 480 BC (see, we're getting more specific.  I told you we would), Xerxes begins to attack the Greeks.Leonidas and the Greeks held the pass for 7 days, including 3 full days of fighting, against the vastly larger Persian army.  Now we're getting to the great quotes from this battle.  When the Persians sent an envoy to tell the Greeks that they should surrender, the Greeks refused.  The envoy said, ‘We will darken the sky with our arrows!' Which they could easily do, with that many men.    But A Greek soldier, named Dienekes, reportedly said, ‘Good.  Then we will fight in the shade.'  That, is one of the best battle quotes of all time.  But the best is still to come.  The Persian envoy rather forcefully told King Leonidas to surrender all his weapons.  And Leonidas said, ‘Come and get them.'  In all the history of battle quotes, that, is the most bad-ass.  ‘Come and get them.' So the Persians eventually attacked, and the Greeks held them off for 3 days, until a local resident told Xerxes about a small mountain pass and led some of the Persians back behind the Greek lines.  Leonidas, realizing what was happening, let most of the Greeks go, to head back to Athens.  The 300 Spartans, and maybe 700 other Greeks stayed to hold the pass.  Almost all of the Greeks who stayed to hold off the main Persian army ended up fighting to the death.  The Battle of Thermopylae was technically a Greek defeat, but it wasn't really a Persian victory.  The Greek and Spartan warriors had bought the rest of Greece more than a week to prepare, and they had badly dented the morale of the Persians.  But the Persians did eventually break through the mountain pass at Thermopylae, and marched on to Athens.  But when they got there, they found the city deserted.  Now we get to the real victory, and the battle that just doesn't get as much attention as Marathon or Thermopylae, even though it's the one that really matters.  Salamis.  Salamis is an island off the coast of Greece, and it was the site of one of the largest naval battles in all of history.  Again, the Greeks were outnumbered, but again, the Greeks were better sailors than the Persians, and had the advantage of location.  According to Herodotus, there were about 370 Greek ships, against about 1200 Persian ships.  That's more than 3 to 1.  But the Greeks lured the Persians into a narrow straight between two islands, where the huge number of Persian ships actually worked against them, as they were too crowded and couldn't maneuver.  The Greeks thoroughly routed the Persian navy, and killed their admiral, who was one of Xerxes' brothers.   Xerxes himself supposedly watched the battle from a mountainside near the shore, and realized that the Persian fleet had been destroyed.  Xerxes took most of his army and marched back to Asia.  He left behind a sizable force, though, under one of his generals, Mardonius.  Eventually, in 479 BC, the Greeks defeated Mardonius and the Persians at the battle of Plataea, ending the wars between the Greeks and the Persians. The Persians never came back and attacked the Greeks.  Eventually though the Greeks will grow strong enough to attack the Persians, but that won't happen until Alexander the Great comes on the scene.  The Greeks were still a bit bitter about all these attacks, and wanted a bit of revenge.  But the defeat of the Persians in 479 BC begins what is known as the Golden Age of Greece, which is one of the most intellectually productive times in western history.  We'll look at this in upcoming episodes.So how do these battles between the Greeks and the Persians influence our modern world?  Well, as I've said, Greece is one of the most influential cultures in the history of the western world, and it wouldn't have been that if it had been beaten by the Persians. Maybe we would then be talking about how influential Persia was on western history, but hey, Thermopolyae.  Salamis.  Greece won.   The most influential thinkers in Greece show up soon after these battles.  Because the Greeks had bought themselves some time and some peace, they had a time of prosperity, where they were not spending their time fighting external enemies.  And in that time they developed some of the greatest thinkers the world has seen.  We'll look at those guys in upcoming episodes.  Another way that these battles influenced the modern world is that the western world, and especially western military units, have essentially inherited some of the values of the ancient Greeks who strove to defend their homelands.  Courage in the face of overwhelming odds, self-sacrifice, teamwork, leaders who are part of the battle, the importance of choosing your battleground, and the right to defend yourself against tyrants - all of these are important values in the western world.  In the end, this is what the Greek defense against Persia was all about - the Greeks were defending their right to rule themselves, rather than to be ruled by Persia.  And they were willing to take up arms and fight to the death, rather than let someone else rule them against their will.    There are echoes of this spirit in the American Revolution, in the American Civil War, in the Reformation, in the English Civil war, The Scots fighting against the invading British, the Zulus fighting against the invading British, OK, anyone fighting against the invading British, and in many of the great battles of western history.  The idea that some foreign power can come in and take over your land, then tell you to pay tribute to them - that is tyranny.  And though some people have said, ‘ok, we'll submit, that's better than fighting, don't hurt us,'  other peoples have said instead, ‘no, I'm not going to lie down and let that happen.'  That's the spirit of Patrick Henry's famous quote, ‘Give me Liberty, or give me death.'  One last thought on how that matters in our modern world.  It might just be that our current world is moving in the direction of tyranny again.  The history of the world is an ongoing struggle between tyrants who want to control everything, and people defending their rights to self-determination and liberty.  When a government begins to curtail the rights of its people to determine their own destiny, whether it is your own government or the government of a country that wants to take yours over, the time comes when people must choose to either submit, or to fight back.  History does not remember those who submitted.  History remembers those who have said, ‘come and take them.'  History remembers those who have said, “But when a long train of abuses and usurpations, pursuing invariably the same Object evinces a design to reduce them under absolute Despotism, it is their right, it is their duty, to throw off such Government, and to provide new Guards for their future security.”  We'll look at that document in a much later episode.In the next episode we will look at the development of Athenian democracy, something that clearly had a big effect on the western world.  But before that episode, we will take another quick side episode, to look at something that I find fascinating - Greek military and naval advancements, and how it was that they won these amazing battles against much larger forces.  

334 v.Chr. überschritt Alexander mit einer Armee von 37.500 Mann den Hellespont und machte sich auf, die ihm bekannte Welt zu erobern. Die Versuche der Perser, den makedonischen König aufzuhalten schlugen, zunächst fehl und bald war die gesamte Levanteküste in Besitz des Feldherren - die ganze Levanteküste? Nein! Die prächtige und mächtige Inselfestung der Phönizier, Tyros, weigerte sich, sich dem erst 24-jährigen Alexander zu unterwerfen, denn noch nie hat ein Feind die unüberwindbaren Mauern durchbrochen. Nach einer Belagerungszeit von 7 Monaten kommt es zur Entscheidungsschlacht in Tyros. Ihr Ausgang sollte die Machtverhältnisse auf der See entscheidend verändern... Unsere Quellen findet ihr auf Instagram und auf unserer Website His2Go.de. Ihr könnt uns dabei unterstützen, weiterhin jeden 10., 20. und 30. des Monats eine Folge zu veröffentlichen. Folgt uns bei Spotify, Google Podcasts, Podimo und Instagram und bewertet uns auf Apple Podcasts oder über eure Lieblings-Podcastplattformen. Über einen Spendenlink auf unserer Website könnt ihr uns finanziell unterstützen, damit wir Literatur und neue Technik für den Podcast anschaffen können. Wir freuen uns über euer Feedback, Input und Vorschläge zum Podcast, die ihr uns über das Kontaktformular auf der Website, Instagram und unserer Feedback E-Mail: feedback.his2go@gmail.com zukommen lassen könnt. An dieser Stelle nochmal vielen Dank an jede einzelne Rückmeldung, die uns bisher erreicht hat und uns sehr motiviert. Music from https://filmmusic.io “Sneaky Snitch” by Kevin MacLeod (https://incompetech.com) License: CC BY (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

We break down the composition, logistics, strategy, and tactics employed by a Hellenistic army in the age of Alexander. Meanwhile, Eumenes and Craterus clash in the first great battle of the Wars of the Diadochi.

The Hellenic league had now been victorious in two major engagements of 479 BC, at Plataea on the Greek mainland and Mycale in Persian territory. This would effectively see the end of the Persian invasion, and the Greeks victorious. Though, this was not immediately apparent and measures would be taken in the years to come to make sure they would not return.With the Greek victory, a responsibility to honour the gods that had assisted them needed to be attended to. One did not want to risk offending a god who had helped their city, or disaster could be just around the corner. The various polies would construct monuments and sanctuaries over the years after the victory to show their gratitude. At Delphi, a collective monument would be constructed that listed all of the Greek cities who had been the defenders of Greece.Back on the ground in Greece after Plataea, mopping up operations continued as Pausanias camped with the army on the Boeotian plains outside of Thebes. His focus now shifted to having the city answer for their crime of Medizing. Operations would also continue off the coast of Anatolia, with the fleet now making for the Hellespont and clearing Persian garrisons on this vital trade route.With the campaign season of 479 coming to a close the Greeks contingents would now make for the safe ports of their various city states and Islands. But this would not be the end of operations in the Aegean. This could be seen as the end of one chapter and the beginning of another. The decisions and events that would follow, would have ramifications for generations to come.   Support the show (https://www.patreon.com/castingthroughancientgreece)

The battle of Plataea had been fought and won on the plains of Boeotia, seeing the Persian land forces finally defeated. Though, this wasn’t the end of the campaign, there was still yet another battle to be fought. Tradition would have it that it took place on the very same day as the victory at Plataea. This would see a transition in operations, now seeing the war arrive in Persian territory.The Greek fleet had also been preparing for operations as the campaigning season of 479 BC approached. The navy commanded by the Spartan king Leotychidas had set up base at the island of Delos after being approached by some Ionian exiles to support a revolt in Anatolia. Leotychidas was reluctant, he commanded a much smaller fleet than what had sailed the previous year. The Athenians yet to join the rest of the fleet.Diplomatic manoeuvrings with Sparta may explain the Athenian absence, but perhaps compromise between the two would finally see the Hellenic fleet more than double in size with the Athenians arrival. We are told a Samian delegation to the Greek fleet would finally see it sail, but this influx of ships would have seen Leotychidas become more confident in sailing east. The Hellenic league now made its way to the Persians based at Samos.The Persians would be alerted to the Greeks presence and fell back to the Anatolian coast, beached their ships and prepared defences at Mount Mycale. The Greeks pursued and what had begun as a naval operation would now be decided on land. The Greek victory here at Mycale would see Ionia once again break out in revolt while further operations from the Hellenic league would continue in the Aegean and Hellespont.Support the series at:https://www.patreon.com/castingthroughancientgreece?fan_landing=trueor https://www.buymeacoffee.com/castinggreeceSupport the show (https://www.patreon.com/castingthroughancientgreece)

Producer/Host: R.W. Estela The post A Word in Edgewise 5/3/21: Turkey's Hellespont & Maine's Islesboro Crossing . . . first appeared on WERU 89.9 FM Blue Hill, Maine Local News and Public Affairs Archives.

Producer/Host: R.W. Estela

In this episode, we discuss the final two years of the Peloponnesian War (405-404 BC), including the comedic play "The Frogs" by Aristophanes; Lysander's elevation to Persian satrap, his rebuilding of the Peloponnesian fleet, his tactical moves in the Hellespont, and his crushing victory over the Athenians at Aegospotami; the besiegement and blockade of Athens; and the Athenians' surrender and the terms of the peace treaty   Show Notes: http://www.thehistoryofancientgreece.com/2021/04/107-sparta-triumphant.html  

For Valentine's Day, an ancient romantic story - Hero and Leander - two lovers separated by a stretch of water, the Hellespont.  Will Leander swim to meet his love? Support the show: https://www.patreon.com/Storynory See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

The Dardanelles is a stretch of seawater that separates the continents of Europe and Asia. In ancient times, this thin, winding sea, which looks something like a broad river,  was called the Hellespont. It's very deep and about three-quarters of a mile wide at its narrowest point. Do you think it would be safe to attempt to swim across it? Listen to this story, to find out.   

For Valentine's Day, an ancient romantic story - Hero and Leander - two lovers separated by a stretch of water, the Hellespont. Will Leander swim to meet his love?

February 7 (February 20) ................................................................................................................................ 55 Afterfeast of the Meeting of our Lord in the Temple ........................................................................................... 55 Saint Parthenius, Bishop of Lampsacus on the Hellespont .................................................................................. 55 Venerable Luke of Hellas ....................................................................................................................................... 57 1,003 Martyrs of Nicomedia ................................................................................................................................... 58 Martyr Aule ............................................................................................................................................................. 58 --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/an-orthodox/message

Forefeast of the Theophany of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ. 13 Repose of Venerable Seraphim, Wonderworker of Sarov.. 14 Saint Sylvester, Pope of Rome. 21 Venerable Sylvester of the Kiev Near Caves. 22 Righteous Juliana of Lazarevo, Murom... 22 Hieromartyr Theogenes, Bishop of Parium on the Hellespont. 24 New Martyr George of Iberia. 24 --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/an-orthodox/message

From 484-481 BCE, Xerxes directed his subjects to prepare for war in Greece. This didn't just mean assembling soldiers and ships, but also preparing the infrastructure of the western empire to receive one of the largest armies ever assembled. 200,000 soldiers from across the Persian empire converged on the Hellespont in the spring of 480 and began the march to Hellas. AMA Contact Patreon Casting Through Ancient Greece iTunes | Spotify | RSS | Website Catalog of Nations from Herodotus --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/history-of-perisa/support

In this episode, we discuss the years 409-406 BC of the Peloponnesian War, including the Athenians’ achieving control in the Hellespont and Bosporus, Alcibiades’ triumphant return to Athens, the ascension of Lysander and his bromance with Cyrus, the Athenian defeat at Notium and the disgrace of Alcibiades, Kallikratidas victory over Konon at Mytilene, and the subsequent Battle of Arginusae with its disastrous consequences for the Athenians. Show Notes: http://www.thehistoryofancientgreece.com/2020/10/106-frustrations-and-poor-decisions.html  

The Royalist cause in Anatolia collapses as Eumenes' allies desert him on land and sea. Meanwhile, Antipater, Craterus, and Antigonus the One-Eyed cross the Hellespont into Asia, determined to topple Perdiccas' government and crush anyone who stands in their way.

In this episode, we discuss the Second Greco-Punic War (410-406 BC), as hostilities in Sicily draw in Carthage and the Syracusan fleet away from the eastern Aegean and the Hellespont, including Hannibal Mago's first invasion of Sicily and the destruction of Selinus and Himera, the rebellion of Hermocrates, the rise of Dionysius as tyrant of Syracuse, Hannibal Mago's second invasion of Sicily and his destruction of Akragas, and the ceasefire which would see Carthage and Syracuse as the two strongest powers on Sicily Show Notes: http://www.thehistoryofancientgreece.com/2020/08/105-carthage-enters-war.html   Introduction by Alex Goodman of Antiquity in Question Website: https://anchor.fm/alexandergoodman Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/AIQpodcast/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/AIQpodcast  

2,499 years ago the Persian 'Great King' Xerxes launched history's largest amphibious invasion of Europe before D-Day. Accompanied by a huge army and navy he crossed the Hellespont (modern day Dardanelles), intent on punishing the city-state of Athens and any other Hellenic powers that dared to resist. It was during this campaign that one of history's most famous battles was fought, at the Pass of Thermopylae in central Greece. King Leonidas, his 300 (or so) Spartans and their Hellenic allies fought off against King Xerxes' mighty Persian army for three days. To talk through this fascinating battle I'm chatting with Paul Cartledge, a professor from the University of Cambridge and one of the World's leading experts on ancient Sparta. In this fascinating chat, Paul sorts the fact from the fiction about the doomed Thermopylae defence. He starts by explaining the conflict's background, before moving on to the battle itself. We finish off by discussing how this famous battle ultimately created what we now know as 'the Spartan mirage'.This episode will be the first in a small series dedicated to talking about the 480 BC clashes of the Second Persian War, for the 2,499th anniversaries of these battles. Paul is the author of 'Thermopylae: The Battle That Changed the World.' See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

This week we travel through Macedon, across the Hellespont and through Persia with Alexander the Great. I share a few anecdotes, discuss some of his victories and share his famous mutiny at Opis speech. --- This episode is sponsored by · Anchor: The easiest way to make a podcast. https://anchor.fm/app --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/mustlovehistory/message Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/mustlovehistory/support

In this episode, we discuss the years 411-410 BC of the Peloponnesian War, including the shifting of the naval war to the Hellespont, the vigor that the Athenian democracy showed in carrying on the war effort against Sparta and Pharnabazos with victories at Cynossema and Cyzicus, the re-establishment of the radical democracy at Athens, and the transition from the historical account of Thucydides into that of Xenophon's Hellenica. Show Notes: http://www.thehistoryofancientgreece.com/2020/08/104-athenian-empire-strikes-back.html   Intro by Megan Lewis of Digital Hammurabi Website: https://www.digitalhammurabi.com YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCBQo27DbqeB-xG17-kekrdQ Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/digitalhammurabi/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/digi_hammurabi  

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The complete audio is available for purchase at Audible.com: https://adbl.co/2KqvNHY Hero and Leander: A Tragedy in Verse Presented by The Online Stage Musæus the Grammarian, Alfred Lord Tennyson, Christopher Marlowe, George Chapman, John Donne, John Keats, Friedrich Schiller, Leigh Hunt, Letitia Elizabeth Landon This is a compendium of eight poems on the loving pair of legend, Hero and Leander, featuring works by Marlowe, Tennyson, Landon, Schiller, and others. Hero and Leander is a Greek myth concerning the tragic story of two lovers. One was a priestess of Aphrodite who lived in a tower in Sestos, and the other a young man from Abydos on the opposite side of the strait. Leander fell in love with Hero and would swim every night across the Hellespont to spend time with her, with Hero's lamp at the top of her tower as his guiding light, and they shared a warm summer of love. However, one stormy winter night, Hero's light was blown out and Leander was drowned by the rolling waves. Upon seeing his dead body, Hero threw herself over the edge of the tower to be united with him in death. Cast: Narrator: Leanne Yau Hero: Anna Grace Leander: Mark Crowle-Groves Teras: Jennie Vanderlugt Thracian Soldier, the Lapwing Faces, and Neptune: Andy Harrington Production copyright 2020 The Online Stage

Hello, and welcome to the show today. We have been studying the book of Esther, last week talking about the rise of Xerxes and the war that he was engaged in with Greece, the next major world empire. And this helps us to understand this feast in our passage today in Esther chapter 1; how it was one that was meant to display Xerxes' greatness and ability not just to rule well, but to be strong enough to lead his army into victory in this war against the Greeks. It says in verses 5-8… Esther 1:5-8 (ESV)— 5 And when these days were completed, the king gave for all the people present in Susa the citadel, ([Susa the citadel refers to the fortified palace complex.]) both great and small, a feast lasting for seven days in the court of the garden of the king's palace (Now this was [An enclosed courtyard for entertaining in the summer months (see 7:7).]). 6 There were white cotton curtains and violet hangings fastened with cords of fine linen and purple to silver rods and marble pillars, and also couches of gold and silver on a mosaic pavement of porphyry, marble, mother-of-pearl and precious stones. 7 Drinks were served in golden vessels, vessels of different kinds, and the royal wine was lavished according to the bounty of the king. 8 And drinking was according to this edict: “There is no compulsion.” For the king had given orders to all the staff of his palace to do as each man desired. No Compulsion— Now what this “no compulsion” meant was that [King Ahasuerus set aside the custom that everyone had to drink whenever the king drank.] Guests could drink whenever they wanted; as much as they wanted. And in addition to drinking for fun and leisure, [The Greek historian Herodotus explained that the Persians drank as they deliberated matters of state (cf. 3:15 ), believing that intoxication put them in closer touch with the spiritual world.] And so you have this prolonged, drunken, pervasively worldly and pagan feast going on in Susa. And on top of this feast, you also have another feast for the women. It says in verse 9… Esther 1:9 (ESV)— 9 Queen Vashti also gave a feast for the women in the palace that belonged to King Ahasuerus. A book of feasts— So you have feast after feast. And in fact the book of Esther is filled with feasts. [The word mishteh, “banquet, feast(ing),” occurs fifty-five times in the Old Testament, twenty of which are in Esther,] [In fact, there are nine of them (or ten if one splits the ninth into two feasts)] [seven of Esther's ten chapters refer to somebody throwing a party.] In fact the purpose of the whole book of Esther is to show how one major feast Jews celebrate even to today came into being; the feast of Purim. And we'll talk more about that in upcoming weeks. But for now, keep this feast theme in the back of your mind. Esther 1:10-11 (ESV)— Queen Vashti's Refusal— 10 On the seventh day, when the heart of the king was merry with wine, he commanded Mehuman, Biztha, Harbona, Bigtha and Abagtha, Zethar and Carkas, the seven eunuchs who served in the presence of King Ahasuerus, 11 to bring Queen Vashti before the king with her royal crown,[b] in order to show the peoples and the princes her beauty, for she was lovely to look at. Ahasuerus Objectifies Vashti— Now imagine this. Your husband invites you to come out in front of a bunch of his guests (who are slobbering drunk, by the way) so they can stare at you and see what a trophy your husband has. Yet what gets me is here King Ahasuerus is inviting his men to lust after his wife and devour her with their drunken eyes. Now what is disgusting to me (and should be disgusting to you too) is that he is treating her like an object; he is objectifying her. And he's inviting all his friends to do the same. And to engage in this kind of behavior is absolutely wrong. Remember Jesus says in Matthew 5 (in the Sermon on the Mount)… Matthew 5:27-28 (ESV)— 27 “You have heard that it was said, ‘You shall not commit adultery.' 28 But I say to you that everyone who looks at a woman with lustful intent has already committed adultery with her in his heart.  Anything that objectifies a woman is wrong; when you use a woman for your own selfish pleasure (degrading her), you are in sin. Jesus doesn't want us to have any part of that. And guess what; Queen Vashti doesn't want any part of that either. Verse 12 says… Esther 1:12a (ESV)— 12 But Queen Vashti refused to come at the king's command delivered by the eunuchs. Why Vashti Refuses— Now we are not told why Vashti refuses to come. Some have suggested that perhaps she refused because lewd behavior was expected. Some have suggested that the command for her to wear her crown was really a command to come wearing only her crown. And that might be the case. However, it is interesting to note that, from what we know from history, she actually is seen to give birth to Ahasuerus' third son, Artaxerxes in c. 483 B.C. So it is very possible that she is pregnant during this time.  Pregnancy and Culture— Now in our culture we have made pregnancy a very public thing. But in ancient culture you would often go into seclusion. It was an embarrassing, sometimes shameful thing to be seen when you were pregnant. And it is possible that this is why Vashti is so resistant. And even the fact that he tells her to do this shows a lack of care for her. He is very much focused on himself; and therefore when he hears about Vashti's refusal, the text says… Esther 1:12b (ESV)— Queen Vashti's Refusal— At this the king became enraged, and his anger burned within him. The Anger of Ahasuerus— Now one thing you are going to see (not only here, but throughout this book) is that Ahasuerus has a very hot and violent temper. And if you know anyone who is prone to anger, you will know that they are in bondage to that anger. It controls them. In fact, a year after this, when Ahasuerus eventually marches against Greece, he has to cross the Hellespont, a narrow body of water that lies between the Black Sea and the Mediterranean Sea. So he orders bridges to be built. And so they were built. But before his troops could use them, a storm destroys them. And Ahasuerus is so enraged, he gathers all the engineers together who designed the bridges and has them beheaded. Then he turns in his rage to the water that had swallowed his bridges. History tells us he sent some of his soldiers into water with whips, telling them to lash the water 300 times as punishment for swallowing his bridges. So they lash the waves with those whips 300 times. Then he has his soldiers throw shackles into the water to bind the water and even has them take red-hot irons and stab the waves with them. Now imagine having a ruler like that. Or even worse, imagine having a husband like that! Some of you may have grown up in a home where you saw that kind of anger often; maybe on an even daily basis. I have counseled people who have been in those kinds of situations. And let me tell you, Jesus doesn't want there to be any room for this kind of anger in our lives… Colossians 3:8a (NIV)— 8 But now you must also rid yourselves of all such things as these: anger, rage, malice,… Don't Be Slaves to Anger— Jesus doesn't want anger to control our lives. Anger destroys relationships and it ultimately destroys ourselves. And someone who has rage as a part of their life is a slave to that anger. There is righteous anger that moves us to act in accordance with God's will and then there is selfish anger and rage that is destructive rather than constructive. And it is that kind of anger that is sin. And we see that Ahasuerus (at least at this point in his life) is a slave to his anger. Now it says in… Esther 1:13-22 (ESV)— 13 Then the king said to the wise men who knew the times (for this was the king's procedure toward all who were versed in law and judgment, 14 the men next to him being Carshena, Shethar, Admatha, Tarshish, Meres, Marsena, and Memucan, the seven princes of Persia and Media, who saw the king's face, and sat first in the kingdom): 15 “According to the law, what is to be done to Queen Vashti, because she has not performed the command of King Ahasuerus delivered by the eunuchs?” 16 Then Memucan said in the presence of the king and the officials, “Not only against the king has Queen Vashti done wrong, but also against all the officials and all the peoples who are in all the provinces of King Ahasuerus. 17 For the queen's behavior will be made known to all women, causing them to look at their husbands with contempt, since they will say, ‘King Ahasuerus commanded Queen Vashti to be brought before him, and she did not come.' 18 This very day the noble women of Persia and Media who have heard of the queen's behavior will say the same to all the king's officials, and there will be contempt and wrath in plenty. [You see, they are afraid that Vashti's disobedience will spark a women's liberation movement. So they say…] 19 If it please the king, let a royal order go out from him, and let it be written among the laws of the Persians and the Medes so that it may not be repealed, that Vashti is never again to come before King Ahasuerus. And let the king give her royal position to another who is better than she. 20 So when the decree made by the king is proclaimed throughout all his kingdom, for it is vast, all women will give honor to their husbands, high and low alike.” 21 This advice pleased the king and the princes, and the king did as Memucan proposed. 22 He sent letters to all the royal provinces, to every province in its own script and to every people in its own language, that every man be master in his own household and speak according to the language of his people. Vashti De-Throned— Now here Ahasuerus is told not just to command that Vashti be de-throned, but that he do it in such a way so as to make it impossible for anyone (including himself) to repeal that command. And so he does. He de-thrones her for her disobedience. He is so concerned about how she made him look that he never stopped to consider how he made her look. But you know what?; I think Ahasuerus regretted his mistake. Why? Because it says in… Esther 2:1 (ESV)— 1 After these things, when the anger of King Ahasuerus had abated, he remembered Vashti and what she had done and what had been decreed against her. He regrets his actions— You see, he regrets his actions. And ultimately that is where anger leads us; regret. He drives his wife away. And when he comes to his senses, it is too late. And what bothers me about this situation is that their relationship could have been restored in the first place if only he had been willing to acknowledge he had made a mistake and sought to treat his wife more fairly. But he doesn't. Instead he does what is in his own self-interest and what is in the interest of those around him; not what is in the best interest of his wife.  He treats Esther differently— But you know, I think he may have had a change of heart after this. And the reason I tend to think this way is because we see in and throughout this story that he treats Esther differently. There is no evidence that he objectified her in the same way he did Vashti. And when she appears to model the same kind of defiance when she later approaches the king uninvited, he shows mercy where he could have shown anger. I think her marriage to him may have affected his demeanor in a positive way. There was something special about Esther. And next week  we will begin to explore what that was. But there are some key lessons we can learn from Ahasuerus. This book opens up with a sense of lostness and brokenness; lostness and brokenness that is the natural result of pride and anger. Ahasuerus sent into exile the very person he cared about. And maybe sin in your life has cost you something. Maybe it is already hurting your marriage or your relationships. It might be anger; it might be lust; maybe it's putting your own needs ahead of someone else's. Jesus wants us to be willing to surrender our pride; to admit when we are wrong; and to help us to treat those we claim to love lovingly; even as He first loved us. Let us commit to do so. Amen.

My agora friends and others are going to be in New York for a special conference on 29th June - meet Mike Duncan, Kevin Stroud, David Crowther and more! Search Intelligent Speech Conference now! Use the code WDF to get 5% off your ticket!OTD 100 years ago, the switch was finally pulled, and Greek soldiers were landed in Anatolia for the first time in centuries. The cause was the city of Smyrna, that centerpiece of Greek culture and history which, Greek premier Venizelos claimed, was eager to welcome its compatriots. Yet, the act of the landing is as fascinating as the story which led up to this event. It was a story of Hellenic romanticism, background intrigue, a selective application of self-determination, a lot of Greek pressure oh, and did I mention, a whole lot of Greek pressure.On the surface, this act seemed to be the peak of Venizelos' career. It was merely a stepping stone, potentially, for the realisation of a Greater Greek Empire which straddled the Hellespont. And yet, several problems lurked behind the curtain. Perhaps the most important elephant in the room were the Turks, who were not even considered a proper nationality by the allies. Certainly, in Venizelos' view, Turks were really just lapsed Greeks, or sometimes, they were irredeemable barbarians. Either way, Greek culture would nourish them back to civilisation, and it was only humane not to stand in their way. Yet, despite receiving the most punitive peace treaty of any vanquished power, the Turks would enjoy a resurgence, and against all odds, ignore the peace treaties handed down by the allies. They were by far the most thoroughly punished of the Central Powers, yet they were also the only member of that group to ignore the peace terms which the allies presented, and to live to tell the tale.On the other side of this crisis, loomed a reckoning between two peoples, Greek and Turkish, who had been at loggerheads for millenia. It was impossible to imagine Greeks and Turks living side by side in harmony, to the extent that, in acting to land at Smyrna, Venizelos set off a chain of events which would result in an incredibly tragic scene - the ending of centuries of Greek culture in Smyrna, in exchange for a lasting peace. It was a journey - from triumph to despair - which took fewer than five years. The aftershocks of this act were still being felt nearly four years after the First World War had officially 'ended', and believe it or not, Venizelos had a key role to play in both of these seismic chapters of Greco-Turkish history. All of it, began with a landing...***********The Versailles Anniversary Project is possible because of your support and interest - make sure to spread the word, engage with the debate, and look at the different ways you can help this project succeed!->Visit the homeland for this new project!->Become a delegate and play the Delegation Game for just $6 a month!->Support the podcast financially and access ad free episodes with transcripts from just $2 a month! ->Follow WDF on Twitter! ->Join the Facebook group!->Subscribe on iTunes! See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

My agora friends and others are going to be in New York for a special conference on 29th June - meet Mike Duncan, Kevin Stroud, David Crowther and more! Search Intelligent Speech Conference now!The story of Greece comes under our microscope at long last. Here we are introduced to a fascinating vision, yet another example of what might have been. Greater Greece was a project which appealed to many people outside the realm of Greece itself, and in this episode we will get to grips with the origins of the idea in Greek, but mostly in British foreign policy. It was in Britain, as we'll see, that some of the most enthusiastic supporters of an enormous Greek empire existed. This 'redeemed' Greece would expand its power and influence across the Hellespont, into Constantinople, into Anatolia, all over the Aegean, and virtually everywhere else that a smattering of Greek culture and history could said to have resided.We also recap in this episode how Greece got to this point. Greece was, in spite of what Premier Venizelos might have claimed, a very divided country by 1919. The legacy of the war, where the country had flip flopped between allied and central power supporter, had left serious scars, which only Venizelos seemed capable of keeping under control. The danger, as ever, was that Greece might unravel if it were left wanting in its claims. Another more serious danger though, which was realised too late, was what might happen if the Greeks DID get what they wanted. What would it mean for Greek and Turkish relations into the future if Greece acquired portions of Anatolia? Without due consideration of this question, the allies blundered onward with terrible naivety, pushing Greeks and Turks into a collision course, the impact of which reverberates to this day...***************The Versailles Anniversary Project is possible because of your support and interest - make sure to spread the word, engage with the debate, and look at the different ways you can help this project succeed!->Visit the homeland for this new project!->Become a delegate and play the Delegation Game for just $6 a month!->Support the podcast financially and access ad free episodes with transcripts from just $2 a month! ->Follow WDF on Twitter! ->Join the Facebook group!->Subscribe on iTunes! See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

It is 334, and Alexander has crossed the Hellespont, what will await him and his army in the new vast expanses of the Persian Empire.Follow us on twitter at https://twitter.com/ApocHistorySources for the Episode.By the Spear: Philip II, Alexander the Great, and the Rise and Fall of the Macedonian Empire (Ancient Warfare and Civilization) By Ian WorthingtonA Companion to Ancient Macedonia by Joseph Roisman and Ian WorthingtonA History of Macedonia by R. Malcolm Errington Alexander the Great by R. Lane FoxPlutarch Translation - The Age of Alexander (Penguin Classics) by T. DuffIf you Wish to support us over at Patreon we would be forever thankful!https://www.patreon.com/apocalypsehistorySupport the show (https://www.patreon.com/Apocalypsehistory)

This is SPARTA! Join Kalvin and Nick this week on the banks of the Hellespont as we discuss stepping up against overwhelming odds, laughter in the face of evil, and standing strong at a pivotal moment in history with defeat all but certain: the Battle or Thermopylae. We take a look at the lead up and composition of both sides of one of the most significant battles of the last 2,000 years and what led to victory and the survival of Western civilization. The intensity is dialed up to 11 as an army that blots out the sun with its arrows and drinks rivers dry clashes with a conglomerate of men led by some of the most badass warriors and tacticians in all of history. Listen well, the fate of the ancient world depends on it. Join the discussion on Twitter over @APASomething and let's us know your thoughts Support the show on patreon.com/apodcastaboutsomething OR paypal.me/APASomething --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/apasomething/message Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/apasomething/support

If you are a victim of Operation Switcheroo and you're listening on Monday, April 1st and and want to hear more from Self Shoots the Sh!t look for his show on your favorite podcast app and subscribe now! Happy April Fool's Day Self Shoots the Sh!t: http://www.buzzsprout.com/200910 This is SPARTA! Join Kalvin and Nick this week on the banks of the Hellespont as we discuss stepping up against overwhelming odds, laughter in the face of evil, and standing strong at a pivotal moment in history with defeat all but certain: the Battle or Thermopylae. We take a look at the lead up and composition of both sides of one of the most significant battles of the last 2,000 years and what led to victory and the survival of Western civilization. The intensity is dialed up to 11 as an army that blots out the sun with its arrows and drinks rivers dry clashes with a conglomerate of men led by some of the most badass warriors and tacticians in all of history. Listen well, the fate of the ancient world depends on it. Join the discussion on Twitter over @APASomething and let's us know your thoughts Support the show on patreon.com/apodcastaboutsomething OR paypal.me/APASomething --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/apasomething/message Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/apasomething/support

The RunRunLive 4.0 Podcast Episode 4-389 – DirtDawg and JustFinish Crewing a 100 miler (Audio: link) audio:http://www.RunRunLive.com/PodcastEpisodes/epi4389.mp3] Link MarathonBQ – How to Qualify for the Boston Marathon in 14 Weeks - Hello and welcome to the RunRunLive Podcast episode 4-389.  This is your friend Chris.  I feel like I need to introduce myself and what we do here in case there might be a new listener or two.  That's a challenge, for a couple reasons.  First, because we've been at this for over a decade.  Over the arc of that decade you an I have been through many seasons of both our lives and our endurance adventures.  I certainly will share with you what adventures I'm pursuing in this season of the brief ride we call life, but it is going to be different from what we were talking about 3 years ago and will be different again, god willing, in 3 years.  Spoiler alert, my current season is one of training for a 100 mile race and today's episode will topically reflect that.  Today we talk to two guys I met and got to know through the seasons. Mike and Kevin, whose respective ‘noms de enduro-guerre' are DirtDawg and JustFinish.  (How weirdly cool is it that we get to give ourselves handles?)  I'm talking to them because they have agreed to pace and crew me for my race in 4 weeks.  I'm also going to give you a longish review of my last training week which culminated in 93+ miles and a 50 mile long run.  Since the interview is long and my training update is long, you're just getting the one article this week.    And – remember up in paragraph one where I said there were two reasons it' shard to describe who we are here at RunRunLive and what we do?  First, was it depends on what season we're in.  Second, is because you're going to get what floats through my brain any particular week. We have different themes but it always circles around the power of endurance sports to teach us, to change us and to give us perspective.  That perspective is transformative in itself, and humbling.  You and I, DirtDawg and JustFinish, we are all crushed by the gravity of change together in a community of endurance. So here we are episode 389.  389 is another good year for classical reference.  In 389 BC The  general, , led a force of  to levy tribute from cities around the  and support , where a democratic government was struggling against Sparta. What's interesting about this is that on this campaign, Thrasybulus captured , so that he could impose a duty on ships passing through the .  The Hellespont is the narrow opening that connects the Agean Sea to the Black Sea.  Many scientist believe this opening was caused by the ocean catastrophically blasting through this sliver of land as the sea rose after the last ice age and is the historical and cultural source of the great flood myths, like Noah.  Anyhow, Byzantium was a town founded by the Greeks 300 years earlier.  It passed back and forth with the Persians and Greeks and Romans.  In 330 AD Constantine moved the seat of the Roman Empire there and founded what would become Constantinople.  Constantinople held out until 1543, when the Ottoman Turks finally took it over and now it is Istanbul, the heart of Turkey.  See, 389, another suitable number.  … My training is going well.  I've got one more big week of miles then I'll taper into the race at the end of the month.  Nothing is broken, so we'll see.  It's all good. Over the last few weeks you probably saw a plague of emails from social media sites and others, many of whom you probably don't remember signing up for.  This is because of the recently enacted GDPR, or General Data Protection Regulation enacted by the European Union.  It's basically the rules around what you can and can't do with people's data and what you have to tell them when you're doing it. So, in the spirit of the GDPR I'm going to let you know what I've been doing with your data. When we first met, your data and I, your data was very shy and didn't interact much.  But, over time, as we got to know each other, and spend time together, your data and I have formed a bond of mutual respect and affection. There have been many warm summer evenings where your data and I have taken long walks on the beach and shared stories around an open campfire in the twinkling starshine.  Don't get me wrong, I've always been a perfect gentleman with your data!  (well there was that one night where we had too much sangria at the Cinco de Mayo party, but, let me not tell tales about the chance encounters of consenting architectures) Mostly we just cuddle. So, yeah, your data is safe with me. On with the show! … I'll remind you that the RunRunLive podcast is ad free and listener supported.  What does that mean? It means you don't have to listen to me trying to sound sincere about Stamps.com or Audible.. (although, fyi, my MarathonBQ book is on audible) We do have a membership option where you can become a member and as a special thank you, you will get access to member's only audio. There are book reviews, odd philosophical thoughts, zombie stories and I curate old episodes for you to listen to.  I recently added that guy who cut off is foot so he could keep training and my first call with Geoff Galloway.   “Curated” means I add some introductory comments and edit them up a bit.  So anyhow – become a member so I can keep paying my bills. M … The RunRunLive podcast is Ad Free and listener supported.  We do this by offering a membership option where members get Access to Exclusive Members Only audio and articles. Member only race reports, essays and other bits just for you! Links are in the show notes and at RunRunLive.com … Section one – Ultra Training Update - http://runrunlive.com/ultra-training-and-the-penultimate-big-week Voices of reason – the conversation Mike Croy (DirtDawg) and Kevin Green (JustFinish) Kevin is currently training for the Marquette 50. He finished Burning River in 2010 and the Grand Slam of Ultrarunning in 2011. Kevin is a project manager in the automation industry, is married to Stacy and has two very active daughters, Nora and Leah. He plans to relaunch this fall. … Mike “Dirt Dawg” Croy is a father, husband, runner, yoga teacher working with veterans, homeless shelters and educators, and serves as a high school principal working with at risk high school students. Mike has run up to a 100 miler and pac ed at a few more. He had also run over 20 marathons and organized several fat ass ultras over the years. Mike lives in Metro Detroit with his wife, 2 kids, and border collie Dash. Outro OK my friends, you have staggered through the dark to the end of episode 4-389 of the RunRunLive Podcast.  Good for you, because theirs not much cover and it was pretty hot.  Like I said, my training going well and I've got nothing to complain about.  My garden in coming in.  Looks like I'm going to get beans, tomatoes and maybe some squash.  I harvested enough lettuce and kale for 3 lunches this week.  And my berries are coming in.  I was just out there and picked a few.  The birds were screaming at me like I was picking their berries! I'm not sure the half pint of berries is an even trade for the half pint of blood I gave top the mosquitoes to get them.  … I notice my thighs are getting bigger.  That's an ultra thing.  I remember it from 10 years ago.  I will probably try to see if I can use this fitness in the fall for a marathon.  I remember I hade 2 or 3 really good years after the last ultra cycle I trained through, so maybe there's a correlation.  Maybe that's the secret.  Go deep every few years and then coast for a few! Certainly, setting bigger goals drives bigger changes.  In life as in the training effect.  Set a big goal and do the work to get there.  It's not rocket science.  Try it.  You'll see.  Do something that scares you.  I was a little down after Boston.  I came into this a bit mentally jaded.  I look at all the stuff I've done over the last 20 years both personally and endurance sports wise and I get a bit blue.  I think ‘Geez, I've done all this stuff, what the heck am I going to do now? And, do I have enough left in me to do anything significant anymore?'  I almost feel like I'm looking at my life in the rearview mirror. But, again, I'm learning that the basic truths are still true.  Set that big goal and you will figure out how to get there.  Doesn't matter if your 16 or 60.  It's what you do today.  I get asked in my role by board of directors “What are the results going to be this quarter?”  And the way I answer that is, that I can't tell you exactly what is going to happen in the short term, but I can tell you that we are absolutely doing the things we need to do today to be where we need to be when that time comes.  Because that is what I can control.  Are you setting goals that scare you?  Are you doing what you need to do today, right now, to be where you want to be 6 months from now?  If not, set the timer for 20 minutes and don't' stop working until it goes off.  Then do it again. You do that and I'll see you out there! MarathonBQ – How to Qualify for the Boston Marathon in 14 Weeks -

The RunRunLive 4.0 Podcast Episode 4-389 – DirtDawg and JustFinish Crewing a 100 miler (Audio: link) audio:http://www.RunRunLive.com/PodcastEpisodes/epi4389.mp3] Link MarathonBQ – How to Qualify for the Boston Marathon in 14 Weeks - Hello and welcome to the RunRunLive Podcast episode 4-389.  This is your friend Chris.  I feel like I need to introduce myself and what we do here in case there might be a new listener or two.  That’s a challenge, for a couple reasons.  First, because we’ve been at this for over a decade.  Over the arc of that decade you an I have been through many seasons of both our lives and our endurance adventures.  I certainly will share with you what adventures I’m pursuing in this season of the brief ride we call life, but it is going to be different from what we were talking about 3 years ago and will be different again, god willing, in 3 years.  Spoiler alert, my current season is one of training for a 100 mile race and today’s episode will topically reflect that.  Today we talk to two guys I met and got to know through the seasons. Mike and Kevin, whose respective ‘noms de enduro-guerre’ are DirtDawg and JustFinish.  (How weirdly cool is it that we get to give ourselves handles?)  I’m talking to them because they have agreed to pace and crew me for my race in 4 weeks.  I’m also going to give you a longish review of my last training week which culminated in 93+ miles and a 50 mile long run.  Since the interview is long and my training update is long, you’re just getting the one article this week.    And – remember up in paragraph one where I said there were two reasons it’ shard to describe who we are here at RunRunLive and what we do?  First, was it depends on what season we’re in.  Second, is because you’re going to get what floats through my brain any particular week. We have different themes but it always circles around the power of endurance sports to teach us, to change us and to give us perspective.  That perspective is transformative in itself, and humbling.  You and I, DirtDawg and JustFinish, we are all crushed by the gravity of change together in a community of endurance. So here we are episode 389.  389 is another good year for classical reference.  In 389 BC The  general, , led a force of  to levy tribute from cities around the  and support , where a democratic government was struggling against Sparta. What’s interesting about this is that on this campaign, Thrasybulus captured , so that he could impose a duty on ships passing through the .  The Hellespont is the narrow opening that connects the Agean Sea to the Black Sea.  Many scientist believe this opening was caused by the ocean catastrophically blasting through this sliver of land as the sea rose after the last ice age and is the historical and cultural source of the great flood myths, like Noah.  Anyhow, Byzantium was a town founded by the Greeks 300 years earlier.  It passed back and forth with the Persians and Greeks and Romans.  In 330 AD Constantine moved the seat of the Roman Empire there and founded what would become Constantinople.  Constantinople held out until 1543, when the Ottoman Turks finally took it over and now it is Istanbul, the heart of Turkey.  See, 389, another suitable number.  … My training is going well.  I’ve got one more big week of miles then I’ll taper into the race at the end of the month.  Nothing is broken, so we’ll see.  It’s all good. Over the last few weeks you probably saw a plague of emails from social media sites and others, many of whom you probably don’t remember signing up for.  This is because of the recently enacted GDPR, or General Data Protection Regulation enacted by the European Union.  It’s basically the rules around what you can and can’t do with people’s data and what you have to tell them when you’re doing it. So, in the spirit of the GDPR I’m going to let you know what I’ve been doing with your data. When we first met, your data and I, your data was very shy and didn’t interact much.  But, over time, as we got to know each other, and spend time together, your data and I have formed a bond of mutual respect and affection. There have been many warm summer evenings where your data and I have taken long walks on the beach and shared stories around an open campfire in the twinkling starshine.  Don’t get me wrong, I’ve always been a perfect gentleman with your data!  (well there was that one night where we had too much sangria at the Cinco de Mayo party, but, let me not tell tales about the chance encounters of consenting architectures) Mostly we just cuddle. So, yeah, your data is safe with me. On with the show! … I’ll remind you that the RunRunLive podcast is ad free and listener supported.  What does that mean? It means you don’t have to listen to me trying to sound sincere about Stamps.com or Audible.. (although, fyi, my MarathonBQ book is on audible) We do have a membership option where you can become a member and as a special thank you, you will get access to member’s only audio. There are book reviews, odd philosophical thoughts, zombie stories and I curate old episodes for you to listen to.  I recently added that guy who cut off is foot so he could keep training and my first call with Geoff Galloway.   “Curated” means I add some introductory comments and edit them up a bit.  So anyhow – become a member so I can keep paying my bills. M … The RunRunLive podcast is Ad Free and listener supported.  We do this by offering a membership option where members get Access to Exclusive Members Only audio and articles. Member only race reports, essays and other bits just for you! Links are in the show notes and at RunRunLive.com … Section one – Ultra Training Update - http://runrunlive.com/ultra-training-and-the-penultimate-big-week Voices of reason – the conversation Mike Croy (DirtDawg) and Kevin Green (JustFinish) Kevin is currently training for the Marquette 50. He finished Burning River in 2010 and the Grand Slam of Ultrarunning in 2011. Kevin is a project manager in the automation industry, is married to Stacy and has two very active daughters, Nora and Leah. He plans to relaunch this fall. … Mike “Dirt Dawg” Croy is a father, husband, runner, yoga teacher working with veterans, homeless shelters and educators, and serves as a high school principal working with at risk high school students. Mike has run up to a 100 miler and pac ed at a few more. He had also run over 20 marathons and organized several fat ass ultras over the years. Mike lives in Metro Detroit with his wife, 2 kids, and border collie Dash. Outro OK my friends, you have staggered through the dark to the end of episode 4-389 of the RunRunLive Podcast.  Good for you, because theirs not much cover and it was pretty hot.  Like I said, my training going well and I’ve got nothing to complain about.  My garden in coming in.  Looks like I’m going to get beans, tomatoes and maybe some squash.  I harvested enough lettuce and kale for 3 lunches this week.  And my berries are coming in.  I was just out there and picked a few.  The birds were screaming at me like I was picking their berries! I’m not sure the half pint of berries is an even trade for the half pint of blood I gave top the mosquitoes to get them.  … I notice my thighs are getting bigger.  That’s an ultra thing.  I remember it from 10 years ago.  I will probably try to see if I can use this fitness in the fall for a marathon.  I remember I hade 2 or 3 really good years after the last ultra cycle I trained through, so maybe there’s a correlation.  Maybe that’s the secret.  Go deep every few years and then coast for a few! Certainly, setting bigger goals drives bigger changes.  In life as in the training effect.  Set a big goal and do the work to get there.  It’s not rocket science.  Try it.  You’ll see.  Do something that scares you.  I was a little down after Boston.  I came into this a bit mentally jaded.  I look at all the stuff I’ve done over the last 20 years both personally and endurance sports wise and I get a bit blue.  I think ‘Geez, I’ve done all this stuff, what the heck am I going to do now? And, do I have enough left in me to do anything significant anymore?’  I almost feel like I’m looking at my life in the rearview mirror. But, again, I’m learning that the basic truths are still true.  Set that big goal and you will figure out how to get there.  Doesn’t matter if your 16 or 60.  It’s what you do today.  I get asked in my role by board of directors “What are the results going to be this quarter?”  And the way I answer that is, that I can’t tell you exactly what is going to happen in the short term, but I can tell you that we are absolutely doing the things we need to do today to be where we need to be when that time comes.  Because that is what I can control.  Are you setting goals that scare you?  Are you doing what you need to do today, right now, to be where you want to be 6 months from now?  If not, set the timer for 20 minutes and don’t’ stop working until it goes off.  Then do it again. You do that and I’ll see you out there! MarathonBQ – How to Qualify for the Boston Marathon in 14 Weeks -

In today's episode we take a look at the final moves that both Greece and Persia made on the eve of their war. Themistocles and Aristides take center stage as they maneuver through the political scene of Athens, but with the success of the Themistoclean naval policy, we discuss how the Greeks may have rapidly built up their navy. We consider the Greek congress of city-states, their relative lack of support, and the final measures they took to try and recruit allies. We also consider a canal project and pontoon bridges that Xerxes had built to aid his army and navy as they both marched and sailed west to Greece. We conclude with a rather bizarre scene where the Persians try to beat the Hellespont into subjection and, ultimately, they all make it over into Europe. The stage is set for the final Greco-Persian War. Show Notes - http://maritimehistorypodcast.com/ep-035-the-eve-of-war

Athens is broke. The sole hope for retaining its empire rests in their fleet of triremes at Samos. To make matters worse a Spartan fleet, supported by a Persian army and Syracusian ships, has wedged itself into the Hellespont, the crucial route by which Athens receives most of its food. Alcibiades, though still refusing to return to Athens for fear of the death penalty on him, contributes to the fighting in any way he can. Some sort of miracle is needed for Athens to step back into security. This episode covers approximately 411 B.C. – 407 B.C.

Homer's Iliad, the earliest Greek poem, narrates the archetypal war between 'Europeans' and 'Asiatics' divided by the Hellespont. Looking at Wolfgang Peterson's blockbuster Troy (2004), the lecture describes the genesis of the Iliad between the Mycenaean Late Bronze Age and the 8th century, when it was first written down with the aid of the new, phonetic script adapted from the Phoenician civilisation of the Levant. It explores the poem's plot, tragic perspective on the human condition, and the despair caused by untimely death on an immense scale.The transcript and downloadable versions of the lecture are available from the Gresham College website: https://www.gresham.ac.uk/lectures-and-events/homers-iliad-via-the-movie-troy-2004Gresham College has been giving free public lectures since 1597. This tradition continues today with all of our five or so public lectures a week being made available for free download from our website. There are currently over 2,000 lectures free to access or download from the website.Website: http://www.gresham.ac.uk Twitter: http://twitter.com/GreshamCollege Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/greshamcollege Instagram: http://www.instagram.com/greshamcollege

Thomas Dallam's travels conclude, or at least the part of them that I'll be covering here. There will be comedic chaos on the trip up the Hellespont, awkward interactions with the local ambassador, one incredibly stressful musical performance, and the unwelcome rewards of a job well done. Hope you enjoy it! Website: humancircuspodcast.com Twitter: www.twitter.com/circus_human Email: HumanCircusPod@gmail.com Instagram: www.instagram.com/humancircuspod/ Donate to the podcast: https://ko-fi.com/A7071B1K Shop: www.redbubble.com/people/HumanCircus  Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

The 1599 voyage continues, and Thomas Dallam draws ever closer to the Ottoman court at Constantinople. There are carrier pigeons, imprisonments, problems with presents, and adventures ashore. Thanks for listening!  Website: humancircuspodcast.com Twitter: www.twitter.com/circus_human Email: HumanCircusPod@gmail.com Instagram: www.instagram.com/humancircuspod/ Donate to the podcast: https://ko-fi.com/A7071B1K Shop: www.redbubble.com/people/HumanCircus  Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In this episode, we discuss the Greek emigration northeastward into the Chalkidiki, Thrace, Hellespont, Bosporus, Black Sea, and southwards into northern Africa during the 7th and 6th centuries BC; the reigns of the Lydian and Egyptian kings of the 26th Saite Dynasty and their relations with the Greeks until around 550 BC; and the development of coinage (first in Lydia and then its widespread adoption and adaptation by the Greeks in the 6th century BC) Show Notes: http://www.thehistoryofancientgreece.com/2016/07/015-colonization-and-east.html   Intro by Dominic Perry of the History of Egypt Podcast Website: https://egyptianhistorypodcast.com Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/EgyptianPodcast Twitter:  https://twitter.com/EgyptianPodcast

This week we look at the roaming Gauls as they head on over to Greece and Macedonia and meet Alexander the Great. Then they sack and pillage and finally get chased off and set up house in the area of the Hellespont. Cocktail Party Slapdown is about the sea battle for Minorca and the classic match between France and the British Royal Navy. France wins this even match and a British admiral is executed. If you have any thoughts, concerns, questions or ideas, email me at tom@historylab.ca and I'll get back to you.

Långsimmaren - det är hon eller han som simmar över kanaler, sjöar, längs med floder, korsar hav - och det finns alltid nya hav, nya sjöar, nya floder att erövra, tillryggalägga. Men för de flesta långsimmare finns en dröm över alla andra och det är att simma över Hellespont - och så har varit ända sen början av 1800-talet - den 10 maj 1810 för att vara exakt - då en av den tidens stora celebriteter, den engelska poeten Lord Byron på andra försöket lyckades simma från ena sidan till den andra. Men havet är tyst - det finns där och vill oss inget särskilt. Ingenting. Människan som gör sig stor, gör sig liten, i förhållande till det - men havet - säger ingenting. Marianne Brus står vid havskanten. Hon är sveriges första kvinnliga fyrvaktare och Sveriges sista fyrmästare. Det blåser styv kuling och långt ut i havet ligger Understen. En 300 meter lång klippa mellan Sverige och Finland. Fyrljuset försvinner långsamt i regnet. När det var dålig sikt kunde förr mistluren råma ut över havet. I dygn i skräck. Marianne Brus kallar den Skrikan.                       Under sex års tid bodde författaren Björn Larsson tillsammans med sin sambo ombord på en båt. De hade alltid sitt hem på ryggen och de letade sig över Nordsjön upp mot Skottland, Yttre Hebriderna, Irland. Det var ett fritt liv. Ett liv till havs som också beskrivs i den kultförklarade boken ”Den keltiska ringen”, Björn Larssons stora genombrott. 

The battle of Thermopylae was fought between 7000 Greeks under Leonidas (including 300 Spartans) and 500,000-2.5 million Persian troops under Xerxes. Xerxes had marched across the Hellespont towards Greece because he wanted Greece to become a satrapy of his and submit to his divine will by giving him earth and water. The two armies met at a 50-foot-wide pass in Northern Greece and here, a small phalanx of Greek hoplites held off wave after wave of Persian infantrymen, cavalrymen, and Immortals. The Spartans demonstrated their bravery again and again, and their lifelong devotion to military training proved to pay off.Eventually, Ephialtes (a Greek traitor) led the Persians around the pass to the rear of the Greek defenders. Surrounded, the Spartans and Thespians were killed by a volley of arrows. Leonidas, himself, looked forward to dying because the oracle at Delphi prophesized that his death would save Sparta.For more information:300 (Movie)http://www.iranchamber.com/history/articles/persian_wars5.phpHistories by Herodotushttp://www.greektexts.com/library/Herodotus/Polymnia/eng/242.htmlExtreme War by Terrence PoulosMilitary Anecdotes by Max HastingsMilitary History Magazine (January 2006): Spartan Stand at ThermopylaeMilitary History Podcast is sponsored by Armchair General Magazine and the International Research and Publishing Corporation

Alexander, who was destined to be great since before he was born, ascended to the Macedonian Throne at the age of 20 after his father, Philip, was murdered. After regaining control of Greece, Alexander crossed the Hellespont into Asia Minor to liberate Greeks and to defeat the Persians. Alexander first met Darius of Persia at the Battle of Granicus River, where he defeated the much larger Persian Army with his phalanxes. Alexander almost died in this battle. After he routed the Persians, Alexander slaughtered 18,000 Greek mercenaries, in order to punish them for helping the enemy. Throughout the rest of his campaign, Alexander would show himself to be brutal towards his enemies. For more information, read Alexander by Plutarch, Extreme War by Terrence Poulos, and Military History Quarterly (Spring 1998): Alexander the Killer Military History Podcast is sponsored by Armchair General Magazine