Podcasts about communications biology

durée : 00:05:02 - Avec sciences - par : Alexandre Morales - Une récente publication parue dans Communications Biology démontre l'importance de l'entraînement des humains pour améliorer le décodage de la parole imaginée par une interface cerveau-machine. - invités : Anne-Lise Giraud Neuroscientifique, spécialiste du langage et de ses pathologies

Il nostro patrimonio genetico influenza la nostra percezione del dolore. Uno studio pubblicato sulla rivista Communications Biology, evidenzia che le persone in possesso di tre varianti genetiche ereditate dai loro antenati neanderthaliani sarebbero più sensibili ad alcuni tipi di dolore. A Obiettivo Salute il commento della prof.ssa Elena Bignami, Ordinario di Anestesia e Rianimazione dell’Università di Parma e Presidente della Società italiana di anestesia, analgesia, rianimazione e terapia intensiva (Siaarti).

Los chimpancés, nuestros parientes más cercanos en el árbol evolutivo, siguen sorprendiendo con sus habilidades cognitivas. Un estudio realizado en la Estación Biológica Dindefelo, Senegal, ha revelado un comportamiento fascinante de los chimpancés cuando cazan hormigas guerreras para alimentarse. Las hormigas guerreras son insectos sociales que construyen nidos bajo tierra, ocultos entre rocas, raíces y hojas caídas. En el hábitat de sabana de Dindefelo, estos nidos son escasos y difíciles de encontrar, lo que obliga a los chimpancés a utilizar la memoria espacial y episódica, junto a herramientas elaboradas con ramitas que insertan en los nidos para extraer a los insectos. La investigación demuestra que los chimpancés no solo son capaces de recordar la ubicación de los nidos de hormigas guerreras ocultos, sino que también regresan a ellos a lo largo de varios años. El estudio ha sido publicado en la revista Communications Biology y el primer autor es Andreu Sánchez Megías, estudiante de doctorado de la Facultad de Psicología de la Universidad de Barcelona e investigador en el Instituto Jane Goodall España en Senegal.

Los chimpancés, nuestros parientes más cercanos en el árbol evolutivo, siguen sorprendiendo con sus habilidades cognitivas. Un estudio realizado en la Estación Biológica Dindefelo, Senegal, ha revelado un comportamiento fascinante de los chimpancés cuando cazan hormigas guerreras para alimentarse. Las hormigas guerreras son insectos sociales que construyen nidos bajo tierra, ocultos entre rocas, raíces y hojas caídas. En el hábitat de sabana de Dindefelo, estos nidos son escasos y difíciles de encontrar, lo que obliga a los chimpancés a utilizar la memoria espacial y episódica, junto a herramientas elaboradas con ramitas que insertan en los nidos para extraer a los insectos. La investigación demuestra que los chimpancés no solo son capaces de recordar la ubicación de los nidos de hormigas guerreras ocultos, sino que también regresan a ellos a lo largo de varios años. El estudio ha sido publicado en la revista Communications Biology y el primer autor es Andreu Sánchez Megías, estudiante de doctorado de la Facultad de Psicología de la Universidad de Barcelona e investigador en el Instituto Jane Goodall España en Senegal.

先週に続き慶應義塾大学理工学部教授の牛場潤一さんをゲストに迎えて『「よく学びよく遊べ」の意味～後続のために果たすべき役割とは』をテーマにトークセッションを行います。＜目次＞00:35　フリクションとイノベーション04:58　歴史ある分野での新しさの受け容れかた12:57　受け容れる側のマインドが試される20:53　内なる動機の追求がもたらす圧倒的な結果24:58　「よく学びよく遊べ」の意味30:48　自分の方法で世界を見るレンズを持ち続ける38:22　リスナーへの『問い』＜ゲストプロフィール＞牛場 潤一（ウシバ・ジュンイチ）慶應義塾大学理工学部教授。1978年7月8日生まれ、東京都出身。2001年、慶應義塾大学理工学部卒。2004年に博士（工学）を取得。同年、生命情報学科に助手として着任。以降、専任講師（'07〜）、准教授（'12〜）、基礎科学・基盤工学インスティテュート（KiPAS）主任研究員（'14〜'18）を経て、2022年より教授。研究成果活用企業株式会社LIFESCAPES（'19〜）の代表取締役社長を兼務。The BCI Research Award 2019, 2017, 2013, 2012, 2010 Top 10-12 Nominees、文部科学省「平成27年度若手科学者賞(ブレイン・マシン・インターフェースによる神経医療研究）ほか、受賞多数。 脳が本来持つ「やわらかさ」に着目し、一人ひとりが豊かで人間らしい日々を過ごすためのテクノロジーの創造を目指し、脳と機械を接続して身体運動を補助するブレイン・マシン・インターフェース技術（BMI）の基礎研究から応用研究、医療機器開発までを、一気通貫で取り組んでいる。 近年の代表的な論文に、”Beta rhythmicity in human motor cortex reflects neural population coupling that modulates subsequent finger coordination stability (Communications Biology 2022)”、” Spatially bivariate EEG-neurofeedback can manipulate interhemispheric inhibition (Elife 2022)”、” Thirty-minute motor imagery exercise aided by EEG sensorimotor rhythm neurofeedback enhances morphing of sensorimotor cortices; A double-blind sham-controlled study (Cerebral Cortex 2022)”など。◼︎プラダアンバサダーの永野芽郁と、魚類学者のさかなクンが、海に住む生き物について、またその生き物たちが抱えている問題について語り合う「PRADA OCEAN PODCAST」配信中！https://sbwl.to/40xPc2b

慶應義塾大学理工学部教授の牛場潤一さんをゲストに迎えて『「やわらかい」脳の再配線〜麻痺を治せる世界に向けて』をテーマにトークセッションを行います。＜目次＞00:35　オープニングトーク01:52　人間の脳の可塑性08:36　BMI＝ブレイン・マシン・インターフェース12:41 「やわらかい」脳の大きな可能性17:11　麻痺を治すための脳の再配線　23:41　世界のBMI研究最前線27:05　BMI研究を続ける難しさ30:28　BMIのイメージを変えた学生の声34:23　BMI研究に至るまでのキャリア37:46　コンテクストデザインとの共通意識＜ゲストプロフィール＞牛場 潤一（ウシバ・ジュンイチ）慶應義塾大学理工学部教授。1978年7月8日生まれ、東京都出身。2001年、慶應義塾大学理工学部卒。2004年に博士（工学）を取得。同年、生命情報学科に助手として着任。以降、専任講師（'07〜）、准教授（'12〜）、基礎科学・基盤工学インスティテュート（KiPAS）主任研究員（'14〜'18）を経て、2022年より教授。研究成果活用企業株式会社LIFESCAPES（'19〜）の代表取締役社長を兼務。The BCI Research Award 2019, 2017, 2013, 2012, 2010 Top 10-12 Nominees、文部科学省「平成27年度若手科学者賞(ブレイン・マシン・インターフェースによる神経医療研究）ほか、受賞多数。 脳が本来持つ「やわらかさ」に着目し、一人ひとりが豊かで人間らしい日々を過ごすためのテクノロジーの創造を目指し、脳と機械を接続して身体運動を補助するブレイン・マシン・インターフェース技術（BMI）の基礎研究から応用研究、医療機器開発までを、一気通貫で取り組んでいる。 近年の代表的な論文に、”Beta rhythmicity in human motor cortex reflects neural population coupling that modulates subsequent finger coordination stability (Communications Biology 2022)”、” Spatially bivariate EEG-neurofeedback can manipulate interhemispheric inhibition (Elife 2022)”、” Thirty-minute motor imagery exercise aided by EEG sensorimotor rhythm neurofeedback enhances morphing of sensorimotor cortices; A double-blind sham-controlled study (Cerebral Cortex 2022)”など。

Earthquakes create a spark in quartz that can form massive gold nuggetsScientists have figured out why up to 75 per cent of all the gold ever mined forms inside quartz in areas with a long history of earthquakes. Chris Voisey, a Canadian geologist at Monash University in Australia, said he was trying to solve how gold arose inside quartz. In his study in the journal Nature Geoscience, he found that earthquake stress on quartz crystals generates an electrical voltage that causes dissolved gold to precipitate into a solid that can grow into the largest nuggets ever found.Ice Age Teens went through puberty just like today's kidsA new analysis of the bones of teenagers from 25,000 years ago shows they experienced puberty in much the same way as teens today. An international team of researchers including Paleolithic archaeologist April Nowell analyzed the bones of 13 teens found across Europe, and by looking at particular markers in the bones, they were able to see which stage of puberty the teens were in when they died. The researchers could not only infer things like whether their voices were breaking, but by doing muscle analysis, they found that the teens were healthy and active, and likely involved in hunting and fishing. The research was published in the Journal of Human Evolution.Grey sharks are abandoning warming coral reefs in the Indian OceanThe grey shark in the Indian Ocean uses beautiful coral reefs as a home base, returning each day after a night of fishing. But lately the sharks have been staying away for longer periods of time, up to 16 months. Dr. Michael Willamson, a research scientist at the Zoological Society of London, found that climate change is stressing the reefs. The sharks seek out cooler but potentially more dangerous waters. Venturing away from the protected reef area leaves them more vulnerable to illegal shark fishing. The paper was published in the journal Communications BiologyA cosmic collision 9 billion years ago could be the origin of he supermassive black hole at the centre of our galaxy Using data from The Event Horizon Telescope, Dr. Yihan Wang worked with Dr. Bing Zhang at the Nevada Institute of Astrophysics to study the origins of the supermassive black hole at the centre of our galaxy. From the EHT image of the Sagittarius A* Dr. Wang and his team made an accretion model and saw that it spins very fast and that the spinning is misaligned. They believe it may have been made by merging with another supermassive black hole. about 9 billion years ago. Their paper was published in Nature Astronomy.Astronaut Roberta Bondar gives a bird's eye view of migration 32 years after she flew on the space shuttle, Roberta Bondar is still showing us what the Earth looks like from space — and from closer to the ground. Dr. Bondar trained as a wildlife photographer after her astronaut career. For a new project collected photos from space, from airplanes and helicopters, and from the ground, to bring a new perspective on the migration of two important bird species, the threatened lesser Flamingo and the endangered Whooping Crane. The book is called Space for Birds: Patterns and Parallels of Beauty and Flight.

Una ricerca pubblicata sulla rivista Communications Biology evidenzia come la musica del compositore tedesco Johann Sebastian Bach sia in grado di capire come il cervello memorizzi il suono e come l’invecchiamento impatti sulla memoria. A Obiettivo Salute il commento di Leonardo Bonetti, professore all’Università di Aarhus e di Oxford che ha coordinato lo studio.

Le glioblastome, une forme agressive de cancer du cerveau, se développe directement dans les cellules gliales, les cellules de soutien du système nerveux central. Sa détection rapide est cruciale, car les patients n'ont en moyenne que 12 à 18 mois de survie après le diagnostic. Mais une nouvelle avancée technologique pourrait changer la donne : une puce bioélectronique développée par des chercheurs de l'Université de Notre Dame, en Indiana. Cette innovation permet de détecter le glioblastome en moins d'une heure, un bond en avant significatif dans le traitement de cette tumeur redoutable. Les détails de cette recherche ont été publiés le 3 juin dans la revue *Communications Biology*.La biopuce utilise une technologie électrocinétique avancée pour détecter les biomarqueurs spécifiques du glioblastome, notamment les récepteurs du facteur de croissance épidermique (EGFR), qui sont souvent surexprimés dans ces cancers. Hsueh-Chia Chang, professeur à Notre Dame et auteur principal de l'étude, explique que la puce cible les vésicules extracellulaires, des nanoparticules sécrétées par les cellules. « Notre technologie exploite les caractéristiques uniques de ces nanoparticules pour détecter les biomarqueurs avec une précision accrue », précise-t-il.L'équipe a surmonté deux défis majeurs : différencier les EGFR actifs des inactifs et créer un capteur à la fois sensible et sélectif. Ils ont conçu un capteur électrocinétique miniature, de la taille d'une bille, capable de se lier efficacement aux vésicules extracellulaires dans le sang. Selon Satyajyoti Senapati, professeur en génie chimique et biomoléculaire, leur capteur permet une analyse directe du sang, sans nécessiter de traitement préalable, et minimise les interférences, ce qui améliore la performance du diagnostic. Bien que la puce ait été développée pour le glioblastome, ses applications potentielles sont étendues. Elle pourrait bientôt être adaptée pour détecter le cancer du pancréas, les maladies cardiovasculaires, la démence, et l'épilepsie. En outre, chaque test nécessite seulement 100 microlitres de sang et peut être réalisé en moins d'une heure. Le coût de fabrication de la puce est inférieur à 2 dollars, rendant cette technologie prometteuse pour une utilisation à grande échelle. ETUDE : https://www.nature.com/articles/s42003-024-06385-1 Hébergé par Acast. Visitez acast.com/privacy pour plus d'informations.

In this 228th in a series of live discussions with Bret Weinstein and Heather Heying (both PhDs in Biology), we talk about the state of the world through an evolutionary lens.In this week's episode, we discuss the WHO, International Health Regulations, and this week's rally in Geneva. Also: major concessions in the Covid narrative. And: avian flu (H5N1). Finally: on the joys of motorcycling in the Alps with one's son.*****Our sponsors:Timeline: Accelerate the clearing of damaged mitochondria to improve strength and endurance: Go totimeline.com/darkhorse and use code darkhorse for 10% off your order. ARMRA: Colostrum is our first food, and can help restore your health and resilience as an adult. Go to www.tryarmra.com/DARKHORSE to get 15% off your first order.Helix: Excellent, sleep-enhancing, American-made mattresses. Go to www.HelixSleep.com/DarkHorse to get up to 30% of all mattress orders AND 2 free pillows.*****Join us on Locals! Get access to our Discord server, exclusive live streams, live chats for all streams, and early access to many podcasts: https://darkhorse.locals.com/Heather's newsletter, Natural Selections (subscribe to get free weekly essays in your inbox): https://naturalselections.substack.comOur book, A Hunter-Gatherer's Guide to the 21st Century, is available everywhere books are sold, including from Amazon: https://a.co/d/dunx3atCheck out our store! Epic tabby, digital book burning, saddle up the dire wolves, and more: https://darkhorsestore.org*****Mentioned in this episode:Tedros tweet: https://x.com/DrTedros/status/1796993038926897205Chan in the NYT on Covid origins: https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2024/06/03/opinion/covid-lab-leak.htmlThe Telegraph on excess deaths in 2020 – 2022: https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2024/06/04/covid-vaccines-may-have-helped-fuel-rise-in-excess-deaths/Mostert et al 2024. Excess mortality across countries in the Western World since the COVID-19 pandemic: ‘Our World in Data' estimates of January 2020 to December 2022. BMJ Public Health 2024;2:e000282. https://bmjpublichealth.bmj.com/content/bmjph/2/1/e000282.full.pdfThe WHO on avian flu: https://www.who.int/news-room/questions-and-answers/item/influenza-h5n1McCollough Substack on avian flu, June 4: https://petermcculloughmd.substack.com/p/breaking-publication-proximal-originHulscher et al 2024. Proximal Origin of Epidemic Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5N1 Clade 2.3.4.4b and Spread by Migratory Waterfowl. https://www.preprints.org/manuscript/202406.0060/v1Murawski et al 2024. Highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N1) virus in a common bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) in Florida. Communications Biology, 7(1)476.: https://www.nature.com/articles/s42003-024-06173-x.pdfElsmo et al 2023. Pathology of natural infection with highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (H5N1) clade 2.3. 4.4 b in wild terrestrial mammals in the United States in 2022. BioRxiv, 2023-03.: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.10.532068v2.full.pdfSupport the Show.

Killer whales are likely ramming boats because they're bored and having funSeveral years ago a small population of killer whales living off the coast of Spain began attacking boats, particularly sailboats, damaging some severely and even sinking a handful. While social media speculation has suggested whale rage as a cause, an international team of killer whale experts recently published a report suggesting the behaviour is not aggression, but is instead an example of these giant social creatures just playing and having fun with a toy. We speak with two contributors to the report: John Ford, research scientist emeritus at the Pacific Biological Station with Fisheries & Oceans Canada, and Renaud de Stephanis, the president of Spanish conservation group CIRCE.4,000-year-old Egyptian skull shows signs of possible surgery for brain cancerResearchers studying the history of cancer in human history recently hit the jackpot. In a collection of human remains at the University of Cambridge they found two skulls from Egypt, both thousands of years old, that show signs of advanced cancer. One of those skulls bore cut marks around the lesions. Lead study author and University of Santiago de Compostela professor Edgard Camarós said that regardless of whether these cuts were made as attempts at treatment or a post-mortem investigation, they show off the sophisticated medical knowledge of ancient Egyptians — and can also help better understand the evolution of cancer.This study was published in Frontiers in Medicine.Gorillas' tiny penises and low sperm count can help us understand infertility in humansGorillas are the biggest of the great apes, but their reproductive anatomy is diminutive. The males have small penises and testes, and low sperm quality. A new genetic analysis, published in the scientific journal eLife, identified the mutations that are responsible for male gorillas' peculiar fertility. Vincent Lynch, an associate professor of biological sciences at the State University of New York at Buffalo, said these findings can help us better understand the genes responsible for lower sperm quality in humans.1Illuminating plumes of hot magma in the Earth's mantle with earthquake seismic dataTo understand the source of the magma fueling volcanic eruptions, scientists are using another significant geological event: earthquakes. The seismic waves that earthquakes send through our planet can shine a light on the chimneys of magma that connect the core of the Earth through the mantle to the surface. Karin Sigloch, a professor of geophysics at CNRS — France's National Centre for Scientific Research, is part of an international effort to deploy seismic sensors throughout the oceans to illuminate the mantle plumes. Their research from recent observations in the Indian Ocean around Réunion Island was in Nature Geoscience. It's intelligence all the way down: How cells, tissues and organs have their own smartsWe tend to think of collective intelligence as something we see among animals that work cooperatively to solve problems, like in an ant colony, a school of fish or flock of birds. But biologist Michael Levin, from Harvard and Tufts' universities, thinks collective intelligence also extends to functions within the cell, all the way up to networks of cells, tissues and even organs. He suggests evolution has granted simpler biological layers in living systems the ability to flexibly solve problems. In a recent paper in Communications Biology, he argues we can harness these lower level problem-solving capabilities to make significant advances in regenerative medicine, and treating aging and disease.  

This episode originally aired on January 27, 2021.Krill eyeballs. The werewolf effect. Diel vertical migration. Arctic marine biologists really talk about these things. There's a reason for that — when it comes to the polar night, when humans see only velvety darkness, krill eyeballs see things a little differently. And when the sun has been gone for months, during the darkest periods of the polar night, the moon does unexpected things to marine organisms. Learn more about what biologists are figuring out about the workings of the polar night — and what it means at a time when the Arctic is warming at a breakneck pace. Our guests for this episode were Jørgen Berge, Geir Johnsen, Laura Hobbs and Jonathan H. Cohen. You can see a transcript of the episode here. Fridtjof Nansen's book about his Arctic expedition is called Farthest North. You can also read about the other influences his pioneering journey had on science here. You can also read about Geir Johnsen's different research projects in a series of articles from Norwegian SciTech News. The findings of the polar night team are so surprising that they actually wrote a textbook about it, edited by Jørgen Berge, Geir Johnsen and Jonathan H. Cohen. The book is titled Polar Night Marine Ecology: Life and Light in the Dead of Night.Here are some of the polar night research articles:Berge, J., Renaud, P. E., Darnis, G. et al. (2015) In the dark: A review of ecosystem processes during the Arctic polar night. Progress in Oceanography, 139: 258-271 Ludvigsen, M., Berge, J., Geoffroy, M. et al. (2018) Use of an Autonomous Surface Vehicle reveals small-scale diel vertical migrations of zooplankton and susceptibility to light pollution under low solar irradiance. Science Advances 4: eaap9887 Hobbs L, Cottier FR, Last KS, Berge J (2018) Pan-Arctic diel vertical migration during the polar night. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 605:61-72. Berge, Jørgen; Geoffroy, Maxime; Daase, Malin; Cottier, et al.(2020) Artificial light during the polar night disrupts Arctic fish and zooplankton behavior down to 200 m depth. Communications Biology. 3 (102), 10.1038/s42003-020-0807-6 Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Bee declines feature prominently in the news today. But what are the causes for it? Using the example of the UK, we follow the Woodland Trust to explore this issue. Plus, we also discuss two papers which hold differing viewpoints about the pollination crisis generally... Sources for this episode: Briggs, H., BBC News (2019), Bees: Many British pollinating insects in decline, study shows (online) (Accessed 05/03/2024). Engel, M. S., Rasmussen, C. and Gonzalez, V. H. (2021), Bees. In: Starr, C. K. (ed.), Encyclopedia of Insects. Springer Nature Switzerland. Ghazoul, J. (2005), Buzziness as usual? Questioning the global pollination crisis. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 20(7): 367-373. Hine, R. S. (2019), Oxford Dictionary of Biology. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Kennedy, P. J., Ford, S. M., Poidatz, J., Thiéry, D., & Osborne, J. L. (2018). Searching for nests of the invasive Asian hornet (Vespa velutina) using radio-telemetry. Communications Biology, 1, 88. Lima, C. G., Sofia Vaz, A., Honrado, J. P., Aranha, J., Crespo, N., & Vicente, J. R. (2022). The invasion by the Yellow-legged hornet: A systematic review. Journal for Nature Conservation, 67, 126173. Paxton, R. J. (2010), Does infection by Nosema ceranae cause “Colony Collapse Disorder” in honey bees (Apis mellifera)? Journal of Apicultural Research 49(1): 80-84. Rader, R., Bartomeus, I., Garibaldi, L. A. and Woyciechowski, M. (2015), Non-bee insects are important contributors to global crop pollination. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113(1): 146-151. Renner, S. S. and Zohner, C. M. (2018), Climate Change and Phenological Mismatch in Trophic Interactions Among Plants, Insects and Vertebrates. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution and Systematics 49: 162-182. Takahashi, J., Okuyama, H., Kiyoshi, T., Takeuchi, T., & Martin, S. J. (2019). Origins of Vespa velutina hornets that recently invaded Iki Island, Japan and Jersey Island, UK. Mitochondrial DNA Part A, 30(3), 434–439. Van Engelsdorp, D., et al. (2009), Colony Collapse Disorder: A Descriptive Study. PLOS ONE 4(8): e6481. Varela, C. (2023), Why are bees important? And how you can help them (online) (Accessed 01/03/2023). Vogel, G. (2017), Where have all the insects gone? Science 356(6338): 576-579. Author unknown, Climate Action Tracker (date unknown), The CAT Thermometer (online) (Accessed 05/03/2024).

People greet each other in many ways. They might say “hello” in different languages. They might physically do something like shaking hands, giving hugs, or exchanging kisses. 人们以多种方式互相问候。他们可能会用不同的语言说“你好”。他们可能会做一些身体上的事情，比如握手、拥抱或交换亲吻。 Elephants seem to have many greetings too. A recent study gives new information about these greetings, including how greetings differ depending on the animals' sex and whether they are looking at each other. 大象似乎也有很多问候。最近的一项研究提供了有关这些问候语的新信息，包括问候语如何根据动物的性别以及它们是否互相看着对方而有所不同。 The study was based on observations of African savannah elephants in the Jafuta Reserve in Zimbabwe. 这项研究基于对津巴布韦贾富塔保护区的非洲草原象的观察。 Vesta Eleuteri of the University of Vienna in Austria was the lead writer of the study that appeared recently in Communications Biology. 奥地利维也纳大学的 Vesta Eleuteri 是最近发表在《通讯生物学》杂志上的这项研究的主要作者。 "Elephants live in a so-called 'fission-fusion' society, where they often separate and reunite, meeting after hours, days or months apart," Eleuteri said. “大象生活在一个所谓的‘裂变融合'社会中，它们经常分开又团聚，相隔数小时、数天或数月后见面，”埃留特里说。 Elephants are Earth's largest land animals. They are highly intelligent, with strong memories and problem-solving skills, and complex communication. 大象是地球上最大的陆地动物。他们非常聪明，具有很强的记忆力和解决问题的能力，以及复杂的沟通能力。 Female elephants of different family groups might have strong social bonds with each other, forming "bond groups." Earlier studies in the wild have reported that when these groups meet, the elephants perform special greeting ceremonies to announce and strengthen their social bonds, Eleuteri said. 不同家族群体的雌象之间可能有很强的社会联系，形成“债券群体”。埃留特里说，早期的野外研究表明，当这些群体相遇时，大象会举行特殊的问候仪式，以宣布并加强他们的社会联系。Male elephants have different social bonds from females. Male greetings may serve to ease possible hostility. Male elephants greet mainly by smelling each other, reaching with their trunks, Eleuteri added. 雄性大象与雌性大象有着不同的社会纽带。男性的问候可能有助于缓解可能的敌意。埃留特里补充说，雄性大象主要通过闻对方的气味、伸出鼻子来打招呼。 The recent study gives details on around 20 movements tied to greetings. It showed that elephants mix these movements in exact ways with sounds. The different sounds are described as rumbles, roars and trumpets. 最近的研究详细介绍了大约 20 个与问候相关的动作。它表明大象以精确的方式将这些动作与声音结合起来。不同的声音被描述为隆隆声、咆哮声和喇叭声。 The study also showed how smell plays an important part in greetings. Elephant greetings include behaviors unusual for humans, including releasing body waste. Elephants can also release secretions from a special gland. 该研究还表明气味在问候中发挥着重要作用。大象的问候包括人类不寻常的行为，包括释放身体废物。大象还可以从特殊的腺体中释放分泌物。 Elephants may greet each other by making gestures meant to be seen, like spreading their ears or showing their behinds. The creatures also use movements producing special sounds, or they may use movements that involve touching other elephants. Movements involving touching are known as tactile gestures. 大象可能会通过做出让人看到的手势来打招呼，比如张开耳朵或露出屁股。这些生物还使用发出特殊声音的动作，或者可能使用涉及触摸其他大象的动作。涉及触摸的动作称为触觉手势。 Eleuteri suggested that elephants appeared to know what other elephants can see. "They preferred using visual gestures when their partner was looking at them, while tactile ones when they were not," Eleuteri explained. 埃柳特里认为，大象似乎知道其他大象能看到什么。“当伴侣看着他们时，他们更喜欢使用视觉手势，而当伴侣不看他们时，他们更喜欢使用触觉手势，”Eleuteri 解释道。 Greeting behavior has been studied in a number of animals. 人们对许多动物的问候行为进行了研究。 "Many other species greet, including different primates, hyenas and dogs," Eleuteri said. “许多其他物种都会打招呼，包括不同的灵长类动物、鬣狗和狗，”埃留特里说。 These animal greetings help guide social situations by reducing tension or confirming social bonds, Eleuteri added. 埃留特里补充说，这些动物问候可以通过减少紧张或确认社会纽带来引导社交场合。 The new research builds on earlier studies of elephant greeting behavior. The nine observed elephants - four females and five males - were "semi-captive." That means they freely moved around their natural environment during daytime and stayed in structures at night. 这项新研究建立在早期对大象问候行为的研究基础上。观察到的九头大象——四头雌性和五头雄性——处于“半圈养”状态。这意味着它们白天在自然环境中自由活动，晚上则留在建筑物中。 Greetings used by the female elephants closely matched the behavior of wild elephants. The greeting behavior of the male elephants appeared to be different from wild male elephants. 雌象的问候语与野象的行为非常相似。 雄性大象的问候行为似乎与野生雄性大象不同。 Wild male elephants are often alone, forming loose connections with other elephants. 野生雄性大象通常独处，与其他大象形成松散的联系。 The temporal gland is midway between the eye and the ear. That gland plays a part in elephant greeting by releasing a substance called temporin. Temporin contains chemical information about an elephant's condition. Elephants often use their trunks to touch the temporal glands of others. 颞腺位于眼睛和耳朵之间的中间。该腺体在大象问候中发挥着重要作用，它会释放一种叫做temporin的物质。Temporin 含有有关大象状况的化学信息。大象经常用鼻子接触其他大象的颞腺。 Eleuteri said elephant body wastes “contain chemical information important for elephants, like the identity of the individual, their reproductive state or even their emotional state." 埃莱尤特里说，大象的排泄物“含有对大象很重要的化学信息，比如个体的身份、它们的繁殖状态，甚至它们的情绪状态。” "Maybe they don't need to tell each other how they're doing, as they can smell it," Eleuteri added. “也许他们不需要告诉对方他们在做什么，因为他们可以闻到它的味道，”埃柳特里补充道。

Chimpanzees are being forced to eat bat feces, and the viruses in itResearchers in Uganda have noticed a new behaviour in the wild chimps they study. The apes are browsing on bat guano, apparently to access the nutrients it contains, as their normal source for these nutrients has been destroyed by humans. Since bats are carriers of a range of diseases, from ebola to coronaviruses, this may be a new way these diseases could spread. The study was published in Communications Biology. Dr Tony Goldberg, a professor of epidemiology at the school of veterinary medicine at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, was part of the team.Controversial methods are working to buy Canada's caribou some timeWoodland caribou have been in steady decline for decades, as logging, oil and gas exploration and other disturbances compromise their western mountain habitat. Steady progress has been made to restore habitat in order to save these caribou, but since these forests will take half a century to regrow, conservationists are trying a variety of interim actions to buy the caribou some time. A new study led by Clayton Lamb from the University of British Columbia Okanagan found that these methods, including direct feeding, maternal penning, and, controversially, culling predatory wolves, have helped caribou recover to some extent, but restoration of their habitat will be necessary for full recovery. The research was published in the journal Ecological Applications.Giant ancient Pacific salmon had tusks sticking out of its faceMillions of years ago, enormous three metre-long salmon inhabited the seas of the Pacific coast. Named Oncorhynchus rastrosus, this ancient giant was first described in the 1970s as having long front fangs, which led to it being known colloquially as a “saber-toothed salmon.” But a new study published in PLOS ONE sets the record straight: the teeth actually protruded out to the sides from the fish's upper jaw, as tusks do. Lead study author and Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine professor Kerin Claeson says despite their menacing look, the salmon did not hunt with these tusks, since these strange fish were filter feeders.The Gulf oil spill may have had ecological impacts we haven't seen yetFourteen years ago an explosion destroyed the Deepwater Horizon oil rig and kicked off the largest oil spill in history. While commercial fisheries have largely recovered from the disaster, there are signs that rarer and more vulnerable species might have been devastated. Prosanta Chakrabarty from Louisiana State University surveyed deep sea fish catalogued in museum collections around the world and found that out of 78 endemic species found only in the Gulf, 29 of them haven't been spotted in the years since the spill. The research was published in the Biodiversity Data Journal.Primordial black holes may be the solution the problem of missing dark matterThe hunt for exotic black holes that Stephen Hawking first predicted back in the 1970s is now well underway. Primordial black holes behave just like any other black hole, but they would have  formed in the early universe and could  be any size. Many scientists are particularly interested in the primordial black holes that are the size of an atom and have the mass of an asteroid because they suspect they could be the answer for the missing dark matter in our universe. 

La Inteligencia Artificial, aplicada a la investigación científica, está portando un avance fundamental en áreas como la de nuestra propia inteligencia, la biológica. Por ejemplo, entender cómo funciona nuestra memoria, qué neuronas y de qué forma se activan para traernos recuerdos. Y la IA, a través de un entrenamiento con datos de roedores, ha sido capaz de modelizarlos y extrapolar los mismos a neuronas de grandes primates. Importantes biomarcadores para detectar epilepsia y Alzheimer. Hablamos de un trabajo que analizando oscilaciones neuronales y ha usado la IA para detectar estos patrones de actividad cerebral. Los resultados se han publicado en la revista Communications Biology. Suben a la Nabucodonosor Liset Menéndez de la Prida, directora de la investigación (Instituto Cajal), Andrea Navas, impulsora e investigadora del Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Viena y Adrián Rubio, ingeniero del Instituto de Tecnologías Físicas e Información. Desde los otros mundos, Manfred de Real o Virtual nos habla del nuevo paradigma de la soledad en VR y de cómo se está implementando la IA.Escuchar audio

The gang discusses two papers that investigate evidence of symbiosis in the fossil record. The first paper looks at wormy organisms living inside Cambrian vetulicolians, and the second paper shows potential evidence of hydroids growing in mollusc shells. Meanwhile, Amanda is haunted, James's computer is totally cooperating, and Curt may or may not have had to stitch this podcast together from other sources.   Up-Goer Five (Curt Edition): The friends look at two papers that look at animals that live inside of other animals. Sometimes these things live inside other things and both of the things do well because of it. Sometimes, these things live inside other things and they cause problems for the thing they live in. These two papers look at the ways we can see old bits of things that used to live in other things and how we can try and figure out why they might have lived inside other things. The first paper looks long animals living inside a weird animal from a long long time ago. These long animals are all in a small part of these animals that looks like where these weird animals would breathe. Many long animals live inside one of these weird animals. The second paper looks at how hard parts of animals grow over things trying to live on them and we can use use the way these things grow to get an idea of what could have been living on them.   References: Li, Yujing, et al. "Symbiotic fouling of Vetulicola, an early Cambrian nektonic animal." Communications Biology 3.1 (2020): 517. Wisshak, Max, et al. "Putative hydroid  symbionts recorded by bioclaustrations in fossil molluscan shells: a  revision and reinterpretation of the cecidogenus Rodocanalis." Papers in Palaeontology 9.2 (2023): e1484.

Estudo britânico publicado no Communications Biology revela a relação entre trabalhar à noite e aumento de peso. A obesidade é apenas um dos problemas associados ao trabalho noturno ou por turnos

Die Themen in den Wissensnachrichten: +++ Menschen-Geräusche machen südafrikanischen Wildtieren mehr Angst als Löwen +++ Eiszeit-Menschenspuren in Nordamerika +++ Zitronenduft macht Grau ein wenig gelber +++**********Weiterführende Quellen zu dieser Folge:Update ErdeFear of the human “super predator” pervades the South African savanna, Current Biology, 05.10.2023Independent age estimates resolve the controversy of ancient human footprints at White Sands, Science, 05.10.2023Odors modulate color appearance, Frontiers in Psychology, 06.10.2023Quantifying the impact of an invasive Hornet on Bombus terrestris Colonies, Communications Biology, 05.10.2023Self-affirmation increases reemployment success for the unemployed, PNAS, 05.09.2023**********Ihr könnt uns auch auf diesen Kanälen folgen: Tiktok und Instagram.

The gang discusses two papers that look at fossils of the early whale group Basilosauridae. Specially, these papers describe the largest whale recovered from this group, as well as the smallest whale from the group. Meanwhile, Amanda has a lovely home, James has some whale facts, and Curt has some art critiques.   Up-Goer Five (Curt Edition): The friends talk about two papers that look at one group of big animals that breathe air but move in the water that are no longer around today. These papers are looking at different animals within the same group. The cool thing about both of these papers is that they talk about the same thing, but from different ways of looking at it. This is because one of these papers is about the biggest animal that people have found in this group and the other paper is about the smallest animal found in this group. This is a big thing because this is a group that today has gotten really big and the reasons why these groups get big has been something people are really interested in. These papers show that these animals were getting both big and small very early on in the group.   References: Bianucci, Giovanni, et al. "A heavyweight early whale pushes the boundaries of vertebrate morphology." Nature (2023): 1-6. Antar, Mohammed S., et al. "A  diminutive new basilosaurid whale reveals the trajectory of the cetacean  life histories during the Eocene." Communications Biology 6.1 (2023): 707.

¿Le hablas a tu perro con un tono agudo y cantarín? Un nuevo estudio sugiere que así estás llamando su atención de manera efectiva. Si tienes o has tenido perro, seguro que en más de una ocasión le has hablado como si fuera un niño pequeño, con voz cantarina y tono agudo. Esto puede parecer un tanto ridículo para alguien que no tenga mascota y pase por tu lado mientras te comunicas de este modo con tu can. Sin embargo, una nueva investigación publicada en Communications Biology, sugiere que este modo de comunicación funciona. Y os cuento como llevaron a cabo el estudio… Utiliza el código CIENCIADIGITAL y obtén tu descuento en Muy Interesante, sigue con este link https://bit.ly/3TYwx9a Déjanos tu comentario en Ivoox o Spotify, o escríbenos a podcast@zinetmedia.es Comparte nuestro podcast en tus redes sociales, puedes realizar una valoración de 5 estrellas en Apple Podcast o Spotify. Dirección, locución y producción: Iván Patxi Gómez Gallego Contacto de publicidad en podcast: podcast@zinetmedia.es

A cura di Ferruccio Bovio Uno studio condotto da un team internazionale di ricercatori e pubblicato sulla rivista “Communications Biology”, ci induce a riflettere seriamente su quelli che storicamente sono sempre stati i nostri rapporti con gli altri esseri viventi. Dalla sua lettura apprendiamo, infatti, che oltre un terzo di tutte le specie di vertebrati presenti sulla Terra sono, in qualche modo, utilizzate dall'uomo e che questo fatto sta causando impatti sproporzionati sugli ecosistemi e sui servizi benefici che la natura fornisce indistintamente. La ricerca ha analizzato i dati riguardanti i pesci, i mammiferi, gli uccelli, i rettili e gli anfibi più conosciuti ed ha scoperto che l'umanità ha oggi raggiunto un livello di influenza sugli altri animali mai precedentemente conosciuto nel suo passato. In particolare, l'attività predatoria degli esseri umani risulta 300 volte superiore rispetto a quella degli altri principali predatori come, ad esempio, gli squali o i leoni, i quali però si limitano a cacciare le loro vittime solo per cibarsi, mentre gli umani hanno, invece, anche tutta un'altra vasta gamma di utilizzi che vanno – oltre ovviamente dal cibo – pure al vestiario, all'accumulo di trofei, alla ricerca nei laboratori e, nei casi più fortunati, all'affettuosa accoglienza come animali domestici. Lo studio ha analizzato i dati di 45.000 vertebrati e ha scoperto che “gli esseri umani utilizzano 15.000 di queste specie, di cui circa 6.000 sono a rischio di estinzione”. Impressionante è, ad esempio, la comparazione che è emersa tra le 9 specie di prede tipiche del giaguaro, rispetto alle 2.700 utilizzate, in una maniera o nell'altra, dagli esseri umani nella stessa area geografica. Esseri umani che si qualificano, pertanto, come i predatori più terribili del pianeta, facendo cose che gli altri animali non fanno, uccidendo o catturando per ragioni diverse dal nutrirsi, “oltre a mettere in pericolo contemporaneamente migliaia di specie viventi”. Ecco perché diventa, quindi, adesso, indispensabile ripensare a fondo quel fenomeno che, nel corso dei millenni, ha visto l'umanità occupare gradualmente uno spazio ecologico di dimensioni divenute ormai enormi e del quale la nostra scarsa capacità di gestire gli impatti non ha saputo, ragionevolmente, tenere conto. Ed a questo proposito, gli autori della ricerca lanciano un avvertimento, segnalando i rischi che nascono dallo sfruttamento di “un insieme di specie diversificato ed ecologicamente distinto”, la cui conseguenza è destinata a sfociare nella perdita di determinati animali e dei ruoli che essi svolgono in natura, provocando, inevitabilmente, “cambiamenti significativi agli ecosistemi”. Forse, siamo ancora in tempo – o almeno lo speriamo – per intervenire positivamente su questo preoccupante scenario: non a caso, lo studio di Communications Biology si conclude esprimendo la propria fiducia nei nuovi impegni internazionali, fissati per proteggere il 30% del pianeta entro il 2030. Impegni che, se realmente applicati, potrebbero certamente “aiutare a fare più spazio alla natura”.

A cura di Ferruccio Bovio Uno studio condotto da un team internazionale di ricercatori e pubblicato sulla rivista “Communications Biology”, ci induce a riflettere seriamente su quelli che storicamente sono sempre stati i nostri rapporti con gli altri esseri viventi. Dalla sua lettura apprendiamo, infatti, che oltre un terzo di tutte le specie di vertebrati presenti sulla Terra sono, in qualche modo, utilizzate dall'uomo e che questo fatto sta causando impatti sproporzionati sugli ecosistemi e sui servizi benefici che la natura fornisce indistintamente. La ricerca ha analizzato i dati riguardanti i pesci, i mammiferi, gli uccelli, i rettili e gli anfibi più conosciuti ed ha scoperto che l'umanità ha oggi raggiunto un livello di influenza sugli altri animali mai precedentemente conosciuto nel suo passato. In particolare, l'attività predatoria degli esseri umani risulta 300 volte superiore rispetto a quella degli altri principali predatori come, ad esempio, gli squali o i leoni, i quali però si limitano a cacciare le loro vittime solo per cibarsi, mentre gli umani hanno, invece, anche tutta un'altra vasta gamma di utilizzi che vanno – oltre ovviamente dal cibo – pure al vestiario, all'accumulo di trofei, alla ricerca nei laboratori e, nei casi più fortunati, all'affettuosa accoglienza come animali domestici. Lo studio ha analizzato i dati di 45.000 vertebrati e ha scoperto che “gli esseri umani utilizzano 15.000 di queste specie, di cui circa 6.000 sono a rischio di estinzione”. Impressionante è, ad esempio, la comparazione che è emersa tra le 9 specie di prede tipiche del giaguaro, rispetto alle 2.700 utilizzate, in una maniera o nell'altra, dagli esseri umani nella stessa area geografica. Esseri umani che si qualificano, pertanto, come i predatori più terribili del pianeta, facendo cose che gli altri animali non fanno, uccidendo o catturando per ragioni diverse dal nutrirsi, “oltre a mettere in pericolo contemporaneamente migliaia di specie viventi”. Ecco perché diventa, quindi, adesso, indispensabile ripensare a fondo quel fenomeno che, nel corso dei millenni, ha visto l'umanità occupare gradualmente uno spazio ecologico di dimensioni divenute ormai enormi e del quale la nostra scarsa capacità di gestire gli impatti non ha saputo, ragionevolmente, tenere conto. Ed a questo proposito, gli autori della ricerca lanciano un avvertimento, segnalando i rischi che nascono dallo sfruttamento di “un insieme di specie diversificato ed ecologicamente distinto”, la cui conseguenza è destinata a sfociare nella perdita di determinati animali e dei ruoli che essi svolgono in natura, provocando, inevitabilmente, “cambiamenti significativi agli ecosistemi”. Forse, siamo ancora in tempo – o almeno lo speriamo – per intervenire positivamente su questo preoccupante scenario: non a caso, lo studio di Communications Biology si conclude esprimendo la propria fiducia nei nuovi impegni internazionali, fissati per proteggere il 30% del pianeta entro il 2030. Impegni che, se realmente applicati, potrebbero certamente “aiutare a fare più spazio alla natura”.

In uno studio pubblicato su Communications Biology, un team guidato da ricercatori della Columbia University ha scoperto che le cellule umane con mitocondri compromessi rispondono aumentando l'attività e consumando più energia. Mentre questo adattamento - chiamato ipermetabolismo - migliora la sopravvivenza a breve termine delle cellule, purtroppo causa un aumento della velocità con cui le cellule invecchiano. A questo può porre rimedio l'attività fisica.

The gang discusses two functional morphology papers. The first paper looks at eye placement and skull morphology in Thylacosmilus and the second paper looks at the ungals of maniraptoran theropods. Meanwhile, James has milk filled “vegan” food, Amanda is replaced by alternate universe goatee Amanda, and Curt looks to rebrand.   Up-Goer Five (Curt Edition): The friends talk about two papers that look at animals who have very strange parts and how they may or may not have used those parts. The first paper looks at a group of animals with long teeth that eats other animals but is not close to the animal group with long teeth that we all know. This group got long teeth on their own and through a different way. This paper looks at their heads and shows that the way they got long teeth changes how their eyes are put into the head. Most animals that eat other animals have eyes that face forward, this helps them see how close things are in front of them. The long teeth of this animal pushed the eyes to the side, which makes it look very different from other animals that eat animals. The paper shows that there are other changes in the head that make it so the eyes can focus better even though they are not in the "right" place. This shows that there are other ways for animals to get good sight to eat other animals even if their eyes are not facing forward. The second paper looks at the hands of a group of big angry animals from a long time ago. One part of this group gets really long fingers, and another part of this group get very short fingers (some only a few fingers). This paper looks at many ways to see how these animals could have used their really long or really short fingers. What they find is that the fingers get more strange as the groups go on. Earlier animals from these groups seem to be able to use their fingers for lots of things, but as the animals get more strange fingers they seem to only be used for a few things. The short fingers might be used to move ground out of the way. The long fingers are so strange that we are not sure what they were used for.   References: Qin, Zichuan, et al. "Functional space analyses reveal the function and evolution of the most bizarre theropod manual unguals." Communications Biology 6.1 (2023): 181. Gaillard, Charlène, Ross DE MacPhee, and Analía M. Forasiepi. "Seeing through the eyes of the sabertooth Thylacosmilus atrox (Metatheria, Sparassodonta)." Communications Biology 6.1 (2023): 257.

Die Themen in den Wissensnachrichten: +++ Warum reine Astronautinnen-Crews effizienter sind +++ Hohe Nase könnte vom Neandertaler stammen +++ Umfrage: Familie und Freunde wichtiger als Materielles +++**********Weiterführende Quellen zu dieser Folge:Effects of body size and countermeasure exercise on estimates of life support resources during all-female crewed exploration missions/ Scientific Reports, 12.04.2023Automatic landmarking identifies new loci associated with face morphology and implicates Neanderthal introgression in human nasal shape Communications Biology/ 08 May 2023Quaternary Ammonium Compounds: A Chemical Class of Emerging Concern/ Environ. Sci. Technol. 08.05.2023Environmental Sustainability of the Globalized Pharmaceutical Supply Chains: The Case of Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate/ ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. , 23.03.2023The legal personhood of human brain organoids/ Journal of Law and the Biosciences, 03.04.2023**********Ihr könnt uns auch auf diesen Kanälen folgen: Tiktok und Instagram.**********Weitere Wissensnachrichten zum Nachlesen: https://www.deutschlandfunknova.de/nachrichten

Die Themen in den Wissensnachrichten: +++ Wasserverlust hat sich aber in den letzten Jahren verstärkt +++ 9-Euro-Ticket brachte keinen Umstieg auf ÖPNV +++ Warum auch Kapuzineräffchen auf einen Zaubertrick reinfallen +++**********Weiterführende Quellen zu dieser Folge:Veränderungen der Wasserspeicherung in Deutschland seit 2002 aus Beobachtungen der Satellitengravimetrie – Water storage changes in Germany since 2002 from satellite gravity observations/ Hydrologie und Wasserbewirtschaftung, April 20239-Euro-Ticket: Niedrigere Preise allein stärken Alltagsmobilität mit öffentlichen Verkehrsmitteln nicht/ DIW Wochenbericht 14+15 2023Manual action expectation and biomechanical ability in three species of New World monkey, In: Current Biology 04.04.2023Insect decline in forests depends on species' traits and may be mitigated by management. Communications Biology, 04.04.2023Bärlauch: „Doppelgänger“ führen häufig zu Vergiftungen/ Bundesamt für Risikobewertung, 17.03.2023Die Sensation aus dem Ei. Erster Nachwuchs bei Berliner Kurzschnabeligeln seit 115 Jahren/ Tierpark Berlin, 05.04.2023**********Ihr könnt uns auch auf diesen Kanälen folgen: Tiktok und Instagram.**********Weitere Wissensnachrichten zum Nachlesen: https://www.deutschlandfunknova.de/nachrichten

Kanazawa University NanoLSI Podcast: Chemical fixation causes aggregation artefactTranscript of this podcastHello and welcome to the NanoLSI podcast. Thank you for joining us today. In this episode we feature the latest research by Takehiko Ichikawa and his co-researchers at the Kanazawa University NanoLSI. The research described in this podcast was published in the journal Communications Biology, in May 2022.Learn more about their research here: WPI Kanazawa Nano Life Science Institutehttps://nanolsi.kanazawa-u.ac.jp/en/research/researchers/Original article Takehiko Ichikawa, Dong Wang, Keisuke Miyazawa, Kazuki Miyata, Masanobu Oshima, and Takeshi Fukuma.  Chemical fixation creates nanoscale clusters on the cell surface by aggregating membrane proteins, Communications Biology 5, 487 (2022).DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03437-2URL: https://www.nature.com/articles/s42003-022-03437-2Chemical fixation causes aggregation artefactResearchers at Kanazawa University report in Communications Biology that using common chemicals for fixing living cell samples for microscopy studies causes membrane proteins to aggregate.For histological investigations of biological tissues, i.e. anatomical studies under the microscope, samples are usually fixated to prevent them from decaying. Fixation is typically done by immersing or perfusing the sample in a chemical — aldehydes and alcohols are common fixatives. It has been speculated that membrane proteins moving to some extent on a cell membrane can form aggregates during fixation. Yet, detailed cell surface studies with nanometer-scale resolution are necessary to obtain definitive insights into this potential issue. Now, Takehiko Ichikawa and colleagues at the NanoLSI at Kanazawa University have performed atomic force microscopy (AFM) studies of living mammalian cell surfaces. By comparing non-fixated and fixated samples, they found that fixation indeed leads to structural changes.The researchers developed a method of using microporous silicon nitride membranes (MPM)—that are widely used in transmission electron microscopy—for AFM imaging. Importantly, microporous silicon nitride membranes can make the cell surface flat and prevent fluctuations by supporting the area outside the observation area.  In AFM images of the surfaces of the cultured colon cancer cells on microporous silicon nitride membranes, biomolecular structures on the cell membranes showed up as protrusions, with a typical size of a few nanometers. When the cells were treated with commonly used fixatives such as paraformaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, and methanol, a few nanometer structures disappeared, and only large protrusions with diameters ranging from 20 to 100 nanometers were observed (Figure 2). The researchers performed several fluorescence experiments and concluded that large protrusions observed after fixation were formed by the aggregation of membrane proteins.The study demonstrates that the observed aggregates are artefacts resulting from the fixation process. This should call for caution among the community of researchers working with chemical fixatives. Quoting Ichikawa and colleagues: “Researchers who observe nanoscale clusters also should be careful in interpreting their experimental results when using fixed cells. We recommend that researchers use living cells as much as possible to avoid the effect of fixation when investigating nanoscale clusters […].” NanoLSI Podcast websitehttps://nanNanoLSI Podcast website

Summary: Baby pangolins! Join Kiersten for a quick discussion of pangolin reproduction.   For my hearing impaired listeners, a transcript of this podcast follows the show notes.   Show Notes: animaldiversity.org bioweb.uwlax.edu “Reproductive Parameters of the Sunda pangolin, Manis javanica.” Fuhua Zhang, Shibao Wu, Li Yang, Li Zhang, Ruing Sun, Shaoshan Li. Folia Zoologica, 4(2): 129-135 (2015). https://doi.org/10.25225/fozo.v64.i2.a6.2015 “Successful captive breeding of a Malayan pangolin population to the third filial generation.” Dingy Yan, Xiangfan Zeng, Miaomiao Jia, Xiaobing Guo, Siwei Deng, Li Tao, Xiaolu Huang, Baocai Li, Chang Huang, Tengcheng Que, Kaixiang Li, Wendi Liang, Yao Zhao, Xingxing Liang, Yating Zhong, Sara Platto and Siew Woh Choo. Communications Biology 4, 1212 (2021). Https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-021-02760-4 Pangolin Conservation Organizations:  Rare and Endangered Species Trust - www.restnamibia.org Save Vietnam's Wildlife - www.svw.vn   Transcript (Piano music plays) Kiersten - This is Ten Things I Like About…a ten minute, ten episode podcast about unknown or misunderstood wildlife. (Piano music stops)   Welcome to Ten Things I Like About… This is a podcast about misunderstood or unknown creatures in nature. Some we'll find right out side our doors and some are continents away but all are fascinating.    This podcast will focus ten, ten minute episodes on different animals and their amazing characteristics. Please join me on this extraordinary journey, you won't regret it.   This episode continues pangolins and my fourth favorite thing about pangolins is baby pangolins! So, let's talk reproduction.    Much of the information that follows is based on pangolins in rehabilitation facilities that have had success in keeping pangolins alive in captivity and healthy enough to breed. Whether this information evolves as more studies are done with pangolins in the wild, we'll have to wait and see, but for now we'll talk about what we have learned so far.   From reports of behaviors observed in the wild, pangolins are solitary animals, most information indicates that they live separate lives with males and females encountering each other only during breeding season. Many solitary animals have territories that they roam and defend. This is also true of pangolins. Male territories will often overlap with females so they are near each other during breeding season. Pangolins will communicate territory boundaries with scent marking and this is also how females advertise when the are in estrus, which means they are ready to mate. This is also how they avoid each other outside of mating season. If they smell the scent of another individual they can alter their path to successfully avoid the other pangolin.   Mating season seems to vary greatly between species and may be dependent on the habitat in which they live and the availability of food within that habitat. The Indian pangolin, which lives in a semi-barren desert region, appears to have a breeding season between July and October. Males have been seen fighting for female attention. The winner of the fight gets the girl. The mating period seems to last 3-5 days during which the male will stay in the same burrow with the female. This deviates strongly from the solitary day to day life of the pangolin outside of breeding season and only a few reports of this behavior exists in one species of pangolin, so this may not be typical of all individuals or species.   The Chinese pangolin's mating season appears to occur fromlat autumn to early spring. Not much else in known about this pangolins mating habits.    African Tree pangolins that favor tropical forests throughout  Central Africa are believed to reproduce at any time of the year. Just like the Chinese pangolin, very little is known about their mating habits.   The African Ground pangolin's breeding season occurs from May to July which is the dry season in the African regions they are found. Males compete with each other for the ability to mate with females. Males will mate with multiply females but we have no idea how many males a females choses to mate with. Not much is known about courtship behaviors but a few sources indicates that in the Ground pangolin males will fight each other using their claws and tails while a female watches and she will mate with the winner.    In the Malayan, or Sunda pangolin, sparring between males has also been observed during the breeding season which may take place throughout the year. The long tailed pangolin, an African species found in tropical forests, may breed any time during the year.   We know very little about the reproductive habits of the Giant pangolin and the Philippine pangolin. Currently scientists are basing educated guesses about their behavior on similar pangolins such as the Ground pangolin and the Sunda pangolin.   Once breeding season has begun and the Male and Female have found each other, they will face each other, stand up on their hind feet and twine their tails together when ready to perform the physical act of mating. This behavior has only been described for one of the arboreal tree pangolins and may only reflect their behavior. Terrestrial pangolins may differ in behavior.    After fertilization has occurred gestation of the fetus can range from 80-160 days depending on species. Once again these are based on reports of a few successful births in captivity and may not reflect true gestation periods.    Some of you may wonder why I have cautioned twice about information gathered from captive individuals being uncharacteristic of wild populations. That is an excellent question. Through studies of wolves we have discovered that behavior in captivity is often not the same as behavior in the wild, and can even be greatly altered through the stress of captive living,. For decades we believed wolves had a strict hierarchical social structure based on dominance within their packs consisting of an alpha, beta, and an omega. Each wolf had a place somewhere within that dominance structure. We based everything we knew about wolves on this system until some scientists began filming wild packs of wolves and saw something completely different. In the wild, without the pressure and constraints of captive life, the wolves' social structure was far more relaxed and flexible than we thought based on our studies of captive wolves so when studying captive animal behavior we must remember that it could be quite different from how the animal behaves in the wild.   Back to our pangolins…offspring, called pups or pangopups, are born small, approximately 6 inches long with a weight of 12 ounces, and with soft white scales. Typically females only bare one pup at time, but sightings of two pangopups have been reported by hunters.    For about the first four weeks mother and baby will remain in their nest, typically a hollow in a tree or a burrow dug in the ground depending on the species of pangolin. The pup will nurse from two mammary glands that the female has. Within a few days the pup's scales will harden and darken in color to match the adult color. After four weeks, the baby will venture out of the nest by holding onto the base of mom's tail. This seems to be the preferred mode of transportation across all species pangolin and I encourage you to search the internet for a picture right now! Because it is one of the most adorable things you have ever seen.   The pangopup is capable of walking on their own by the time they venture out of the nest but this form of transportation may be a safe way for the pup to interact with the world. It's a great way for the mother to keep tabs on her pup, as well. If the mother senses danger she will curl into a ball with her baby snuggled up inside next to her belly leaving only her tough outer scales exposed.    When the pup first ventures into the world , he or she will still be drinking mother's milk, but they will quickly begin to sample the ants and termites that mom is also eating. Pangopups seem to stay with their mother from four months to a year before venturing off on their own. Some sources say the pups remain with mom for up to two years but this in one of their behaviors that will require more research to determine.    At the recording of this podcast there is only one documented successful breeding program of captive pangolins. This program only involved the Sunda pangolin. Pangolins confiscated by law enforcement from illegal poachers were housed in a facility in China, fed a specialized insect heavy diet, and were introduced to the opposite sex at the appropriate times during the year. This program was able to breed pangolins through three generations with the first generation being the confiscated individuals. This is the only time that captive born pangolins have lived long enough and been healthy enough grow to adulthood and reproduce themselves. Overall they were able to successfully breed 49 Sunda pangolins within 5 years. It's a great step forward in pangolin conservation.   Pangopups are my fourth favorite thing about pangolins.   Please visit savepangolins.org to find out even more about pangolins and discover what you can do to save this unique animal. To help the African Cape Pangolin visit the Rare and Endangered Species Trust at restnamibia.org and to learn more about Asian pangolins and help the Sunda and Chinese pangolin visit Save Vietnam's Wildlife at svw.vn.    Join me next week for another ten minute podcast focusing on another thing I like about pangolins.    (Piano music plays) This has been an episode of Ten Things I like About with Kiersten and Company. Original music written and performed by Katherine Camp, piano extraordinaire.

Somos un enorme y complejo aglomerado de células y envejecemos porque, con la edad, las células que nos forman pierden su lozanía y sufren un deterioro que se transmite a todo el organismo. Cada célula de nuestro cuerpo contiene el ADN empaquetado en 23 pares de cromosomas, cada uno de los cuales lleva, al principio y final, una serie repetitiva de letras genéticas que se denominan “telómeros”. Se ha comprobado que la longitud media de los telómeros disminuye con la edad y por esa razón se los considera un marcador del proceso de envejecimiento. Sergio Andreu Sánchez ha publicado en la revista Communications Biology los resultados de un estudio de la longitud media los telómeros en 1046 personas voluntarias. El trabajo aporta información sobre cómo se correlacionan factores como el ambiente, el sexo, la edad de los padres o costumbres poco saludables, como el tabaquismo, con la longitud de los telómeros y el envejecimiento.

Somos un enorme y complejo aglomerado de células y envejecemos porque, con la edad, las células que nos forman pierden su lozanía y sufren un deterioro que se transmite a todo el organismo. Cada célula de nuestro cuerpo contiene el ADN empaquetado en 23 pares de cromosomas, cada uno de los cuales lleva, al principio y final, una serie repetitiva de letras genéticas que se denominan “telómeros”. Se ha comprobado que la longitud media de los telómeros disminuye con la edad y por esa razón se los considera un marcador del proceso de envejecimiento. Sergio Andreu Sánchez ha publicado en la revista Communications Biology los resultados de un estudio de la longitud media los telómeros en 1046 personas voluntarias. El trabajo aporta información sobre cómo se correlacionan factores como el ambiente, el sexo, la edad de los padres o costumbres poco saludables, como el tabaquismo, con la longitud de los telómeros y el envejecimiento.

The internet is crawling with black-market sales of exotic scorpions and spiders. More than 12,000 species of arachnids are bought and sold online, according to a new report in Communications Biology. Study author Alice Hughes joins us. And, Raksha Kumar brings us the stories of three generations of Kashmiris – whose lives illustrate the changing nature of this decades-long conflict between India and Pakistan.

Nous commencerons notre programme en discutant de nouvelles qui ont fait les gros titres cette semaine. Nous parlerons tout d'abord d'un rapport publié le 23 mai par l'organisation anti-pauvreté Oxfam. Ce rapport intitulé « Quand la souffrance rapporte gros » révèle qu'un nouveau milliardaire est apparu en moyenne toutes les 30 heures pendant la pandémie de Covid 19. Ensuite, nous discuterons de la victoire du parti travailliste lors des élections législatives en Australie, qui ont eu lieu samedi dernier. Puis, dans la partie scientifique, nous discuterons des résultats d'une étude publiée le 19 mai dans la revue Communications Biology sur le commerce d'araignées en ligne, qui est peu réglementé. Enfin, nous parlerons du lancement par une petite brasserie finlandaise d'une nouvelle bière pour fêter la demande d'adhésion de son pays à l'OTAN. La bière s'appelle Otan.    Continuons maintenant avec l'annonce de la deuxième partie de notre programme, « Trending in France ». Nous parlerons de l'épisode de sécheresse qui touche de plus en plus de départements en France. Et nous finirons en discutant du tennisman Jo-Wilfried Tsonga, qui vient de mettre un terme à sa carrière à Roland-Garros. - Un nouveau milliardaire est apparu toutes les 30 heures pendant la pandémie de Covid-19 - Le parti travailliste australien remporte ses premières élections législatives depuis 2007 - Des chercheurs analysent le commerce d'araignées en ligne - Une brasserie en Finlande célèbre son adhésion à l'OTAN avec une bière baptisée Otan - Les records de chaleur provoquent une sécheresse inquiétante en France - Le tennisman Jo-Wilfried Tsonga tire sa révérence

Durante il nostro programma di oggi approfondiremo alcune delle notizie più importanti di questa settimana. Inizieremo, analizzando i risultati di un rapporto pubblicato il 23 maggio dall'organizzazione umanitaria contro la povertà, Oxfam. Secondo questo rapporto, intitolato Profiting from pain, dall'inizio dell'emergenza Covid 19, ogni 30 ore un nuovo miliardario si è unito a quelli già presenti nel mondo. A seguire, commenteremo i risultati delle elezioni generali australiane tenutesi sabato scorso che hanno decretato la vittoria del partito laburista. Quindi, nella parte scientifica, parleremo di uno studio pubblicato il 19 maggio sulla rivista Communications Biology che ha riguardato il commercio online di ragni: un commercio in gran parte non regolamentato. Infine, parleremo della bellissima iniziativa da parte di un piccolo birrificio finlandese, di lanciare sul mercato una nuova birra per celebrare la richiesta di adesione del Paese all'alleanza militare della NATO. La birra si chiama: OTAN.    Proseguiamo ora con l'annuncio della seconda parte del nostro programma, “Trending in Italy”. Ci occuperemo della grave invasione di locuste che sta devastando ettari di terreni agricoli nel cuore della Sardegna. Parleremo, poi, della vittoria all'Eurovision Song Contest di Torino del gruppo musicale ucraino Kalush Orchestra. Un risultato che è stato accompagnato da non poche polemiche. - I numeri del Covid: ogni 30 ore un nuovo miliardario - Il partito laburista australiano vince le prime elezioni generali dal 2007 - La ricerca analizza una rete di scambi online di ragni selvatici - In Finlandia nasce la birra che celebra l'adesione alla NATO - La Sardegna è in allarme per una grave invasione di locuste - Le polemiche sulla vittoria della Kalush Orchestra all'Eurovision di Torino

China has dangled security agreements and cooperation on communications and cybersecurity before 10 Pacific nations. The Federated States of Micronesia has warned them not to go along with China. Also, Pfizer's COVID-19 vaccine has made the company a lot of money — tens of billions of dollars in sales. Those dizzying returns have led to accusations of pandemic profiteering. Also, the Marcos family looted an estimated $10 billion from the Philippine government in the 1970s and '80s. Now, the Marcos family is back in power and once again, flaunting its wealth. And, spoken communication is not just a human gift. Chimpanzees have a 400-word language, according to new research published in the journal Communications Biology.

On The Space Show for Wednesday, 25 May 2022: Vale Vangelis: For 31 years, The Space Show has used as its opening theme, “Motion of Stars” by Vangelis. The Space Show is sad to report the death of Evángelos Odysséas Papathanassíou last week, at the age of 79. The artist, known professionally as Vangelis, was a Greek musician, composer, songwriter and producer of electronic, progressive, ambient, and classical orchestral music. Vangelis was best known for his Academy Award-winning score to Chariots of Fire (1981), as well as for composing the scores to the film Blade Runner (1982), music for the NASA Mission: 2001 Mars Odyssey - Mythodea (2001) [listen to The Space Show episode 2021.10.20 | Mythodia: Music dedicated to the 2001 Mars Odyssey mission], and for the use of his music in the 1980 PBS documentary series Cosmos: A Personal Voyage by Carl Sagan. CAPSTONE mission launch update. The Future Australian Space Workforce and its Development panel at the Space Industry Association of Australia conference: Assoc. Prof. Alan Duffy (Swinburne University, Melbourne) Michael Pakakis (Director, Victorian Space Science Education Centre, Melbourne) Prof. Anna Moore (Director, Institute for Space, ANU, Canberra) Prof. Michael Smart (Chair, Hypersonic Propulsion HyShot Group, University of Queensland, Brisbane) Prof. Andy Koronios (Dean of Industry and Enterprise, University of South Australia, Adelaide) Jackie Carpenter (Director, One Giant Leap Australia) James Webb Space Telescope: An overview of the scientific instrument package Scott Carpenter and Mercury Atlas 7: A feature celebrating the 60th anniversary of the second U.S. manned orbital spaceflight. Taken from the documentary “Moonshot” based on the book of the same name by Donald “Deke” Slayton. For the first time ever, researchers have grown plants in nutrient poor lunar regolith: Jim Greene in conversation with Dr Anna-Lisa Paul. More than 50 years after astronauts brought the last rock samples to Earth from the Moon, scientists have successfully grown plants in lunar soil from three different Apollo missions for the first time. The plants showed visible and genetic signs of "stressful" growing conditions. The research paper was published on May 12 in the journal, Communications Biology.

How fast you walk might affect how quickly or slowly you age. In a new study published in the journal Communications Biology, researchers at the University of Leicester collected genetic data on over 400,000 adults in the U.K. They found that people who regularly performed brisk walks throughout their life were biologically 16 years younger […] The post 178. Fast walking slows the aging process appeared first on Dr. David Geier - Feel and Perform Better Than Ever.

The gang discusses two sets of papers about how we study crocodylomorphs, with each of these topics being replies to previous studies. The first paper looks at the importance of total evidence approaches in determining the evolutionary placement of fossil pseudosuchians, and the second set of papers discusses the potential biases and issues associated with how we handle body size data in evolutionary studies. Meanwhile, Curt goes Camus, Amanda has some bizarre funeral plans, and James continues to have opinions about pies.   Up-Goer Five (Curt Edition): Our friends look at a lot of papers that were written to reply to another paper. All of these papers look at how we study big angry animals that spend a lot of time in water and jump out to eat things. This group of animals has been around for a long time and before today they used to do a lot of different things, even though now most of them spend a lot of time in water and jump out to eat things. These papers look at the older groups of these animals. The first paper looks at how we try and understand how these older groups go together. It shows that if you only look at how these things look, there are a lot of different ways these groups could go together. They say that things get better if we use both how they look and the changes in the small stuff that helps build up all life. This is important, because how these old groups go together will change how and when we think the groups of big angry animals we see today first came to be. The second group of papers looks at how big these angry animals were in the past. One of these papers looked at how big these animals got over time, but the reply shows that there are some problems with how that was done. If you just take how big these animals are without doing anything to those numbers, it means that something that is big getting slightly bigger is going to seem like more than something small getting bigger about the same. It is because the bigger thing starts with bigger numbers. You can fix this by doing some things to the numbers to make sure that you can better look at changes in both small and big animals. When you do that, it does change the story of the paper.   References: Darlim, Gustavo, et al. "The impact of  molecular data on the phylogenetic position of the putative oldest  crown crocodilian and the age of the clade." Biology Letters 18.2 (2022): 20210603. Stockdale, Maximilian T., and Michael J. Benton. "Environmental drivers of body size evolution in crocodile-line archosaurs." Communications biology 4.1 (2021): 1-11. Benson, Roger BJ, et al.  "Reconstructed evolutionary patterns for crocodile-line archosaurs  demonstrate impact of failure to log-transform body size data." Communications Biology 5.1 (2022): 1-4. Stockdale, Maximilian T., and Michael  J. Benton. "Reply to:‘Reconstructed evolutionary patterns from  crocodile-line archosaurs demonstrate the impact of failure to  log-transform body size data'." Communications biology 5.1 (2022): 1-4.

Oleic acid, a key to activating the brain's ‘fountain of youth'   Baylor College of Medicine, March 22, 2022   Many people dread experiencing the cognitive and mood declines that often accompany reaching an advanced age, including memory disorders such as Alzheimer's disease and mood conditions like depression. While searching for new ways to prevent or treat these and other related conditions, a team at Baylor College of Medicine and the Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute (Duncan NRI) at Texas Children's Hospital identified a missing piece of the puzzle of how memory and mood are sustained and regulated in the brain. Their study, published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, reveals that oleic acid produced in the brain is an essential regulator of the process that enables learning and memory and supports proper mood regulation. The finding has paved the path to discovering potential new therapeutic strategies to counteract cognitive and mood decline in patients with neurological disorders.   (NEXT)   Chemical found in leafy greens shown to slow growth of COVID-19 and common cold viruses   Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, March 23, 2022   Researchers at Johns Hopkins Children's Center report evidence from lab experiments that a chemical derived from a compound found abundantly in broccoli and other cruciferous plants may offer a potentially new and potent weapon against the viruses that cause COVID-19 and the common cold. In a study described March 18 in the journal Communications Biology, the scientists showed that sulforaphane, a plant-derived chemical, known as a phytochemical, already found to have anti-cancer effects, can inhibit the replication of SARS-CoV-2, the coronavirus that causes COVID-19, and another human coronavirus in cells and mice. Sulforaphane's natural precursor is particularly abundant in broccoli, cabbage, kale and Brussels sprouts. First identified as a "chemopreventive" compound by a team of Johns Hopkins scientists decades ago, natural sulforaphane is derived from common food sources, such as broccoli seeds, sprouts and mature plants, as well as infusions of sprouts or seeds for drinking. Previous studies, including those at Johns Hopkins Medicine, have shown sulforaphane to have cancer and infection-prevention properties by way of interfering with certain cellular processes.   (NEXT)   New clues about how a high-salt diet contributes to cardiometabolic diseases found deep in the brain   Medical College of Georgia and Georgia State University, March 22, 2022    Deep in the brain a group of large neurons produce a hormone which prompts our bodies to hold onto more fluid and increase blood pressure. Scientists say these neurons play a critical role in enabling our bodies to maintain healthy homeostasis by using this skill set to efficiently eliminate the excessive salt we consume in an unhealthy meal. But scientists at the Medical College of Georgia and Georgia State University also say that the chronic high-salt diet most Americans consume can turn this system against us, resulting in hyperactivity of these neurons, continuing production of this hormone vasopressin, constriction of blood vessels and increasing our risk for common cardiometabolic diseases like high blood pressure and heart disease. They are finding that salt loading increases the firing of vasopressin-producing neurons, increases constriction of blood vessels and decreases local blood flow. More typically when neurons become active, blood flow to them increases, in a process called neurovascular coupling. This helps ensure working neurons have the adequate oxygen and nutrients needed to sustain increased activity.   (NEXT)   Vitamin D may keep low-grade prostate cancer from becoming aggressive   University of South Carolina, March 22, 2022   In cases of low-grade prostate cancer, many urologists do not treat the disease, but instead do what's called "active surveillance. The cure—meaning surgery or radiation—is probably worse than the disease, so they wait a year and then do another biopsy to see where the patient stands. However, knowing that they have even low-grade prostate cancer can cause patients and their families excessive anxiety, which prompts some of the men to undergo an elective prostatectomy, despite the risk of complications such as infection, urinary incontinence and erectile dysfunction.   (NEXT)   How sugar promotes inflammation   University of Wurzburg (Germany), March 22, 2022   People who consume sugar and other carbohydrates in excess over a long period of time have an increased risk of developing an autoimmune disease. In affected patients, the immune system attacks the body's own tissue and the consequences are, for example, chronic inflammatory bowel diseases such as Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, type 1 diabetes and chronic inflammation of the thyroid gland. The underlying molecular mechanisms that promote autoimmune diseases are multilayered and complex. Now, scientists at the Julius Maximilians University of Würzburg (JMU) have succeeded in deciphering new details of these processes. Their work support the notion that excessive consumption of glucose directly promotes the pathogenic functions of certain cells of the immune system and that, conversely, that a calorie-reduced diet can have a beneficial effect on immune diseases. In their study, the scientists focused on a group of cells of the immune system that have not been known for very long: T helper cells of type 17, also called Th17 lymphocytes, which play an important role in regulating (auto-) inflammatory processes.

The Puglielli lab at the University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health has found a way to manipulate autophagy — a process where cells clean out damaged materials — to rid the brain of toxic proteins like amyloid and tau. Researchers hope to use the power of this process to develop future treatments for Alzheimer's disease and other diseases of aging. Luigi Puglielli joins the podcast to discuss his team's research over the past 15 years, why the scientific process can take years to turn ideas into possible treatments, and how he hopes this research can be used in the future. Guest: Luigi Puglielli, MD, PhD, professor of medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Episode Topics 7:47 Tell us about how you manipulated this process of autophagy. Why is this discovery so important? 15:14 What role does acetyl-CoA play in the brain? 19:58 What does the future look like for this research? Show Notes Learn more about Luigi Puglielli, MD, PhD, and his work in his bio and on the Puglielli Lab website. Read Dr. Puglielli's recent paper “ATase inhibition rescues age-associated proteotoxicity of the secretory pathway,” published online on February 25, 2022 in “Communications Biology.”

Making super materials by learning the secrets of molluscs and scallops. How are scallops are able to survive the super-cool water in Antarctica. What makes Antarctic scallop shells able to simply brush aside ice? How do you shed a skin of ice from a scallop? What connects scallops with making airplanes more efficient? How do mussels manage to stick so well to things? Is it possible to replicate the stickiness of a mussel? Mussels make themselves near impossible to remove, so can you make them even stickier? William S. Y. Wong, Lukas Hauer, Paul A. Cziko, Konrad Meister. Cryofouling avoidance in the Antarctic scallop Adamussium colbecki. Communications Biology, 2022; 5 (1) DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03023-6 Or Berger, Claudia Battistella, Yusu Chen, Julia Oktawiec, Zofia E. Siwicka, Danielle Tullman-Ercek, Muzhou Wang, Nathan C. Gianneschi. Mussel Adhesive-Inspired Proteomimetic Polymer. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2022; DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c10936

Questo è il frutto di una ricerca italiana pubblicata su Communications Biology che commentiamo a Obiettivo Salute con il prof. Graziano Pesole, Ordinario di biologia molecolare dell'Università di Bari e ricercatore del Cnr-Ibiom di Bari che ha coordinato lo studio

Learn about the “second brain” in your gut; what makes Jupiter's atmosphere so hot; and why placebo buttons are useful. The 'second brain' in your gut might have evolved before the brain in your head by Cameron Duke Nield, D. (2021). The “Second Brain” in Your Gut Might Have Evolved Before The Brain in Your Head. ScienceAlert. https://www.sciencealert.com/we-have-a-brain-like-system-in-our-guts-and-it-may-have-evolved-before-brains-did?utm_source=pocket_mylist Rao, M., & Gershon, M. D. (2016). The bowel and beyond: the enteric nervous system in neurological disorders. Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology, 13(9), 517–528. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrgastro.2016.107 Spencer, N. J., Travis, L., Wiklendt, L., Costa, M., Hibberd, T. J., Brookes, S. J., Dinning, P., Hu, H., Wattchow, D. A., & Sorensen, J. (2021). Long range synchronization within the enteric nervous system underlies propulsion along the large intestine in mice. Communications Biology, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-021-02485-4 Hadhazy, A. (2010, February 12). Think Twice: How the Gut's “Second Brain” Influences Mood and Well-Being. Scientific American. https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/gut-second-brain/  Researchers have solved the decades-old mystery of Jupiter's hot atmosphere by Briana Brownell Hendricks, S. (2021, August 10). Solved: A 50-year mystery about Jupiter. Big Think; Big Think. https://bigthink.com/surprising-science/jupiter-heat-aurora  ‌Berman, R. (2021, July 14). Every 27 minutes, there's an X-ray aurora on Jupiter. Here's why. Big Think; Big Think. https://bigthink.com/surprising-science/jupiter-aurora  Space scientists reveal secret behind Jupiter's “energy crisis.” (2021, August 4). Phys.org. https://phys.org/news/2021-08-space-scientists-reveal-secret-jupiter.html  ‌O'Donoghue, J., Moore, L., Bhakyapaibul, T., Melin, H., Stallard, T., Connerney, J. E. P., & Tao, C. (2021). Global upper-atmospheric heating on Jupiter by the polar aurorae. Nature, 596(7870), 54–57. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03706-w  ‌Yao, Z., Dunn, W. R., Woodfield, E. E., Clark, G., Mauk, B. H., Ebert, R. W., Grodent, D., Bonfond, B., Pan, D., Rae, I. J., Ni, B., Guo, R., Branduardi-Raymont, G., Wibisono, A. D., Rodriguez, P., Kotsiaros, S., Ness, J.-U., Allegrini, F., Kurth, W. S., & Gladstone, G. R. (2021). Revealing the source of Jupiter's x-ray auroral flares. Science Advances, 7(28), eabf0851. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abf0851  Placebo buttons give us the illusion of control that we crave by Cameron Duke Baraniuk, C. (2015). Press me! The buttons that lie to you. Bbc.com. https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20150415-the-buttons-that-do-nothing Jenkins, H. M., & Ward, W. C. (1965). Judgment of contingency between responses and outcomes. Psychological Monographs: General and Applied, 79(1), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0093874 Langer, E. J. (1975). The illusion of control. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 32(2), 311–328. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.32.2.311 Follow Curiosity Daily on your favorite podcast app to learn something new every day withCody Gough andAshley Hamer. Still curious? Get exclusive science shows, nature documentaries, and more real-life entertainment on discovery+! Go to https://discoveryplus.com/curiosity to start your 7-day free trial. discovery+ is currently only available for US subscribers. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

E' questo il frutto del lavoro fatto in questi anni da un gruppo di ricerca internazionale guidato da Matteo Dell'Acqua della Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna di Pisa e pubblicato su Communications Biology

People are constantly asking me, "Is Covid-19 evolving?" So I went ahead and recorded my answer. In short, no, there is nothing to suggest that it is on its way to becoming anything but a coronavirus. In fact, it should be picking up enough mutations over time that it slowly degrades. In other words, it is on its way to becoming a decrepit coronavirus, given a decade or two. But this does not mean that it won't find that lucky mutation that makes it spread faster or that makes is more deadly in the meantime. Links: Loess Hills, Iowa Preparation Canyon State Park Darwin's finches: see Lightner J, Finch beaks point to a Creator who provides, Journal of Creation 26(2):8–10, 2012. Tay J, Reclaiming the peppered moth: designed to adapt, Creation 42(3):18–21, 2020. Eacock A, et al., Adaptive colour change and background choice behaviour in peppered moth caterpillars is mediated by extraocular photoreception, Communications Biology 2:286, 2019. Carter RW, More evidence for the reality of genetic entropy, Journal of Creation 28(1):16–17, 2014. [Deals with the extinction of the human H1N1 influenza] Carter RW, Sanford JC, A new look at an old virus: patterns of mutation accumulation in the human H1N1 influenza virus since 1918, Theor Biol Med Model 9:42, 2012. Carter R, Is Covid-19 Evolving? No, but it is changing rapidly, Creation.com, 24 Aug 2021. [also a discussion on APOBEC enzymes] Carter R, RNA vaccines: harnessing God's design to help prevent sickness, but will the new vaccine technology alter our DNA?, Creation.com, 3 Dec 2020. Sarfati J, CMI, vaccines, and vaccination, Creation.com, 24 Aug 2021 update. Coronavirus videos on Creation.com Main thumbnail image: Daniel Schludi via Unsplash.com

Your brain and gut are connected in surprising ways. Inside your GI tract is a surprisingly complex nervous system. Your GI tract has it's own nervous system which is more like the spine than other organs. How does your GI tract differ from other soft hollow organs? The connection between gut microbiomes and brains is clear, but not well understood. Certain microbes can cause neurodegeneration in brains just as bad as a poor diet and no oxygen. How can we stop brains copy and pasting toxic byproducts across our brains? Proteins keep our brains in check and prevent build up of toxic byproducts, but this can be used to put the brakes on neurodegeneration.   References: Nick J. Spencer, Lee Travis, Lukasz Wiklendt, Marcello Costa, Timothy J. Hibberd, Simon J. Brookes, Phil Dinning, Hongzhen Hu, David A. Wattchow, Julian Sorensen. Long range synchronization within the enteric nervous system underlies propulsion along the large intestine in mice. Communications Biology, 2021; 4 (1) DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02485-4 Christine A. Olson, Alonso J. Iñiguez, Grace E. Yang, Ping Fang, Geoffrey N. Pronovost, Kelly G. Jameson, Tomiko K. Rendon, Jorge Paramo, Jacob T. Barlow, Rustem F. Ismagilov, Elaine Y. Hsiao. Alterations in the gut microbiota contribute to cognitive impairment induced by the ketogenic diet and hypoxia. Cell Host & Microbe, 2021; DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2021.07.004 Chingakham Ranjit Singh, M. Rebecca Glineburg, Chelsea Moore, Naoki Tani, Rahul Jaiswal, Ye Zou, Eric Aube, Sarah Gillaspie, Mackenzie Thornton, Ariana Cecil, Madelyn Hilgers, Azuma Takasu, Izumi Asano, Masayo Asano, Carlos R. Escalante, Akira Nakamura, Peter K. Todd, Katsura Asano. Human oncoprotein 5MP suppresses general and repeat-associated non-AUG translation via eIF3 by a common mechanism. Cell Reports, 2021; 36 (2): 109376 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109376

トリパノソーマのキネトコアについて話しました。Show notes トリパノソーマ キネトコア(動原体) セントロメア Misleading Chat 7. In the golden age of molecular biology (researchat.fm) … シドニー・ブレナー回 41. Single is not bad (researchat.fm) Akiyoshist … Akiyoshiさんファンの呼称 Akiyoshi Lab Bungo Akiyoshi ハルキスト Akiyoshi and Gull. Cell (2014) … Discovery of unconventional kinetochores in kinetoplastids Tromer et al., Open Biology (2021) … Repurposing of synaptonemal complex proteins for kinetochores in Kinetoplastida 体細胞分裂 (mitosis) 減数分裂 (meiosis) 2倍体 相同組換え 相同染色体 姉妹染色体 … sister chromatids コヒーシン シナプトネマコンプレックス double strand break … DNAの二本鎖が切断されること Spo11 Bloomfield. Annu Rev Microbiol (2018) … Dicty(キイロタマホコリカビ)はspo11がないが、減数分裂時に相同組換えを行う。 Cas9 DNAトポイソメラーゼ キアズマ … chiasma。chiasmaがない減数分裂のことをachiasmaと呼ぶ。 Rasmussen. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. (1977) … “Meiosis in Bombyx mori females”: カイコのメスで見られるachiasmata John et al., Front Cell Dev Biol. (2016) … “Achiasmy: Male Fruit Flies Are Not Ready to Mix”: ハエのオスにおけるachiasmataに関する総説 Xia et al., Genome Biology(2007) … カイコの性細胞におけるspo11発現の論文(Additional Data 5) 48. XXXXXYYYYY (researchat.fm) … 性の多様性について。XYやZW型についても解説しています。 Garg and Martin. Genome Biol. Evol. (2016) … “Mitochondria, the Cell Cycle, and the Origin of Sex via a Syncytial Eukaryote Common Ancestor”: mitosisとmeiosisの進化について 水素仮説 William F Martin Muller's rachet 水平伝播(horizontal gene transfer) アフリカ睡眠病 ナガナ病 ツェツェバエ キネトプラスト キネトプラスト類(kinetoplastids) Benne et al., Cell (1986) … “ Major transcript of the frameshifted coxII gene from trypanosome mitochondria contains four nucleotides that are not encoded in the DNA”: RNA editing in Trypanosoma Berriman et al., Science (2005)…The genome of the African trypanosome Trypanosoma brucei 中心体 微小管 ホモログ Ogbadoyi et al., Chromosoma (2000) … “Architecture of the Trypanosoma brucei nucleus during interphase and mitosis”: Trypanosomaのキネトコア様構造を電子顕微鏡で観察した論文 Peacock et al., Communications Biology (2021) … “Sequential production of gametes during meiosis in trypanosomes”: trypanosomaのmeiosisについて Weir et al., eLife (2021) … “Population genomics reveals the origin and asexual evolution of human infective trypanosomes”: asexual eukaryoteのTrypanosoma brucei gambienseについて(減数分裂がないというよりはsexがないというべき？) Déjardin and Kingston. Cell (2009) … “Purification of Proteins Associated with Specific Genomic Loci”: PICh法の論文 Thomas Cavalier-Smith LECA … The last eukaryotic common ancestor システム生物学 収斂進化 CENP-A Dinoflagellate… 渦鞭毛藻 Dinokaryon 無脊椎動物の発生 … 団勝磨先生ら著 ヒドロキシルメチルウラシル Talbert et al., The kinetochore (2009) … “Evolution of Centromeres and Kinetochores: A Two-Part Fugue” セントロメアとキネトコアの進化についての論文。Henikoff lab ファインマン デーモンコア プルトニウムは温かい What I cannot create, I do not understand. … 自分で作れないものは、理解していない。 Synthetic biology … 合成生物学 ツイート1 … EMBO, HSFP, Wellcome Trustによるサポート KKT1 uniprot Akiyoshi et al., Genes Dev. (2009) … Quantitative proteomic analysis of purified yeast kinetochores identifies a PP1 regulatory subunit Akiyoshi et al., Nature (2010) … Tension directly stabilizes reconstituted kinetochore-microtubule attachments 精製した動原体を用いた動原体とスピンドル微小管との結合の再構成 … 新着論文レビュー。秋吉さんの博士時代の論文解説 トリパノソーマのもつ型破りな動原体タンパク質の発見 … 新着論文レビュー。トリパノソーマのキネトコア論文の日本語解説 Sue Biggins Sue Biggins先生のインタビュー Sue Biggins先生のiBiology ドブジャンスキー 高井研 44. Tabasheer (researchat.fm) … 伊藤篤太郎、南方熊楠を含む、1800年代後半、Natureに投稿した日本人研究者について話しました。 Editorial notes 次のシリーズにも期待したいです (soh) 話し始めで構想からはずれてしまったため、アワアワしてしまいました。色々とっちらかってすいませんでした。次回チャンスがあればもう少しまとめられるようがんばります。(tadasu) キネトコアって名前かっこいい(coela)

En este episodio:Antibióticos a base de cannabis que podrían usarse en cinco años en Reino UnidoADEMÁS:Las noticias más importantes del día:Las empresas de cannabis están ávidas de entrar en México37 miembros del Congreso de EE UU piden a Biden que indulte a todos los condenados por cannabisInvestigadores españoles rebaten al Gobierno y aseguran que ya hay evidencia científica para regular el cannabis//////////////////////////////////Los antibióticos a base de cannabis podrían ofrecerse en el Servicio de Salud en Inglaterra en cinco añosLos antibióticos a base de cannabis probablemente se receten en el NHS en cinco años y podrían salvar "cientos de miles" de vidas en todo el mundo, dijo un neurólogo destacado, después de que un estudio descubrió que el cannabidiol (CBD) es eficaz para matar superbacterias resistentes a los antibióticos.La Organización Mundial de la Salud describe el problema de la resistencia a los antibióticos como "una de las mayores amenazas para la salud, la seguridad alimentaria y el desarrollo mundiales en la actualidad".Estas infecciones ya se cobran más de 35 mil vidas cada año solo en los EE. UU., y la ONU advierte que esta cifra anual de muertes podría aumentar a 10 millones en todo el mundo, si no se encuentra una solución.En enero 2020, una investigación de la Universidad de Queensland, publicada en la revista Communications Biology, descubrió que el CBD, el principal componente no psicoactivo del cannabis, no solo podía matar las bacterias responsables de la "súper gonorrea", la meningitis y la enfermedad del legionario, sino además mostró "una baja tendencia a causar resistencia en las bacterias".

Krill eyeballs. The werewolf effect. Diel vertical migration. Arctic marine biologists really talk about these things. There's a reason for that — when it comes to the polar night, when humans see only velvety darkness, krill eyeballs see things a little differently. And when the sun has been gone for months, during the darkest periods of the polar night, the moon does unexpected things to marine organisms. Learn more about what biologists are figuring out about the workings of the polar night — and what it means at a time when the Arctic is warming at a breakneck pace. Our guests for this episode were Jørgen Berge, Geir Johnsen, Laura Hobbs and Jonathan H. Cohen. You can see a transcript of the episode here. Fridtjof Nansen's book about his Arctic expedition is called Farthest North. You can also read about the other influences his pioneering journey had on science here. You can also read about Geir Johnsen's different research projects in a series of articles from Norwegian SciTech News. The findings of the polar night team are so surprising that they actually wrote a textbook about it, edited by Jørgen Berge, Geir Johnsen and Jonathan H. Cohen. The book is titled Polar Night Marine Ecology: Life and Light in the Dead of Night. Here are some of the scientific articles describing the polar night research: Berge, J., Båtnes, A.S., Johnsen, G. et a. (2012) Bioluminescence in the high Arctic during the polar night. Mar Biol 159: 231-237 Berge, J., Renaud, P. E., Darnis, G. et al. (2015) In the dark: A review of ecosystem processes during the Arctic polar night. Progress in Oceanography, 139: 258-271 Berge, J., Daase, M., Renaud, P.E. et al. (2015) Unexpected Levels of Biological Activity during the Polar Night Offer New Perspectives on a Warming Arctic Current Biology,25, 2555-2561. Cohen J.H., Berge J., Moline M.A. et al. (2015) Is Ambient Light during the High Arctic Polar Night Sufficient to Act as a Visual Cue for Zooplankton? PLoS ONE 10(6): e0126247. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0126247 Ludvigsen, M., Berge, J., Geoffroy, M. et al. (2018) Use of an Autonomous Surface Vehicle reveals small-scale diel vertical migrations of zooplankton and susceptibility to light pollution under low solar irradiance. Science Advances 4: eaap9887 Hobbs L, Cottier FR, Last KS, Berge J (2018) Pan-Arctic diel vertical migration during the polar night. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 605:61-72. Berge, Jørgen; Geoffroy, Maxime; Daase, Malin; Cottier, Finlo Robert; Priou, Pierre; Cohen, Jonathan H.; Johnsen, Geir; McKee, David; Kostakis, Ina; Renaud, Paul Eric; Vogedes, Daniel Ludwig; Anderson, Philip J.; Last, Kim S.; Gauthier, Stephane. (2020) Artificial light during the polar night disrupts Arctic fish and zooplankton behavior down to 200 m depth. Communications Biology. 3 (102), 10.1038/s42003-020-0807-6 See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.