Podcasts about Cell Reports

Mutant super-powers give Korean sea women diving abilitiesThe Haenyeo, or sea women, of the Korean island of Jeju have been celebrated historically for their remarkable diving abilities. For hour after hour they dive in frigid waters harvesting sea-life, through pregnancy and into old age. A new study has shown they are able to do this because of specific genetic adaptations that appeared in their ancestors more than a thousand years ago. These genes make them more tolerant to the cold, and decrease diastolic blood pressure. The women also spend a lifetime training, beginning to dive at age 15 and continuing on until their 80s or even 90s. Melissa Ilardo of Utah University and her team published their findings in the journal Cell Reports.This dessert is automatic and autonomous Care for a slice of robo-cake? Scientists in Europe have baked up a cake with pneumatically powered animated gummy bears, and candles lit by chocolate batteries. They think their edible robotics could develop in the future to food that could bring itself to the hungry and medicine could deliver itself to the sick. Mario Caironi of the Italian Institute of Technology and his colleagues presented their creation at Expo 2025 Osaka.Shrinking Nemo — heat is causing clownfish to downsizeScientists have found that clownfish, made famous by the Disney movie Finding Nemo, have an ability never seen before in fish in the coral reefs. When the water they live in gets warmer, they are able to shrink their bodies — becoming a few per cent of their body length shorter — to cope with the stress of the heat. Melissa Versteeg of Newcastle University says the size of the clown anemonefish is important for their survival and their ranking within their hierarchical society. The research was published in the journal Science Advances.When the music moves you — the brain science of grooveYou know that groove feeling you get when you listen to certain music that compels you to shake your bootie? Scientists in France investigated how our brains experience groovy music to better understand how we anticipate rhythms in time. They discovered that we perceive time in the motor region that controls movement. Benjamin Morillion from Aix Marseille Université said they also found a specific rhythm in the brain that helps us process information in time, that could predict if a person thought the music was groovy. The study was published in the journal Science Advances.Scientists hope a new storm lab will help us understand destructive weatherExtreme weather is far less predictable than it used to be, and now a new research centre at Western University wants to transform our understanding of Canada's unique weather systems. The Canadian Severe Storms Laboratory will collect nation-wide data on extreme weather, including hailstorms, tornadoes, and flash flooding, and look for patterns to help predict where they'll be hitting and how to prevent the most damage. Producer Amanda Buckiewicz spoke with:Greg Kopp, ImpactWX Chair in Severe Storms Engineering and CSSL founding director at Western UniversityHarold Brooks, senior research scientist at NOAA's National Severe Storms LaboratoryJohn Allen, associate professor of meteorology at Central Michigan UniversityPaul Kovacs, executive director of the Institute for Catastrophic Loss Reduction at Western University.Tanya Brown-Giammanco, director of Disaster and Failure Studies at NIST

Die Themen in den Wissensnachrichten: +++ Mehr Korallenriffe weltweit durch Bleiche bedroht +++ Beziehung zu Hunden wie zu bestem Freund oder eigenem Kind +++ Beschäftigte in Deutschland gestresst und nicht besonders zufrieden im Job +++**********Weiterführende Quellen zu dieser Folge:84% of the world's coral reefs impacted in the most intense global coral bleaching event ever, ICRI, 23.04.2025Similarities and differences between dog–human and human–human relationships, Scientific Reports, 22.04.2025State of the Global Workplace, Gallup, abgerufen am 23.04.2025Neural correlates of device-based sleep characteristics in adolescents, Cell Reports, 16.04.2025Good News: Erfolgreiche Schneeleoparden-Zählungen in Nepal und Indien, WWF, 23.02.2025Alle Quellen findet ihr hier.**********Ihr könnt uns auch auf diesen Kanälen folgen: TikTok und Instagram .

Le piastrine, che svolgono un ruolo importante nella coagulazione del sangue, giocherebbero un ruolo chiave anche nella comunicazione cervello-corpo. Questo è quanto sottolinea uno studio pubblicato su Cell Reports che commentiamo a Obiettivo Salute con la prof.ssa Cristina Limatola del Dipartimento di Fisiologia e Farmacologia dell'università Sapienza di Roma, che ha coordinato la ricerca.

Step into the future of primary care with Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning (AI/ML). In this episode, you'll discover how these transformative technologies are revolutionizing healthcare as three expert voices from STFM's cutting-edge Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning for Primary Care Curriculum reveal insider strategies to slash administrative burden—and maybe even carve out time for your dream vacation. Whether you're an educator eager to innovate, or a clinician ready to lead your team in implementing new tools, this dynamic panel delivers practical tips, ethical insights, and the inspiration you need to confidently participate in the AI revolution.Our Panelists:Cornelius James, MDJaky Kueper, PhDWinston Liaw, MD, MPHHosted by Omari A. Hodge, MD, FAAFP and Jay-Sheree Allen Akambase, MDCopyright © Society of Teachers of Family Medicine, 2025Resources:Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning for Primary Care Curriculum (AiM-PC)Upcoming Opportunity - Ethical Use of AI in the Family Medicine Clinic - STFM Webinar scheduled for May 30, 2025 at 12pm CTArtificial Intelligence and Family Medicine: Better Together - Fam Med Generative Artificial Intelligence and Large Language Models in Primary Care Medical Education - Fam Med Artificial Intelligence-Prompted Explanations of Common Primary Care Diagnoses - PRiMER Guest Bio:Cornelius James, MDDr. James is an Assistant Professor in the Departments of Internal Medicine, Pediatrics and Learning Health Sciences at the University of Michigan (U-M). He is a general internist and a general pediatrician practicing as a primary care physician. He holds the James O. Woolliscroft, MD Endowment in Humane Patient Care.Dr. James has served in many educational roles across the continuum of medical education, including serving as the director of the University of Michigan Medical School evidence-based medicine curriculum, and an Associate Program Director for the U-M Internal Medicine Residency Program. He also serves on local and national committees, including the U-M Clinical Intelligence Committee and the International Advisory Committee for Artificial Intelligence. In multiple years Dr. James has been identified as one of the top teachers in the Department of Internal Medicine. In addition, in 2022 he received the Kaiser Permanente Excellence in Teaching award, the most prestigious teaching award given by the U-M medical school. Dr. James has completed the American Medical Association (AMA) Health Systems Science Scholars program, and he was also one of ten inaugural 2021 National Academy of Medicine Scholars in Diagnostic Excellence. His research interests include augmenting clinical reasoning with artificial intelligence, and equitable implementation of safe and effective digital health tools into clinical practice.His work has been published in JAMA, Annals of Internal Medicine, Academic Medicine, the Journal of General Internal Medicine, Cell Reports, and more. Jaky Kueper, PhDJaky Kueper, PhD, is an epidemiologist and computer scientist with the Scripps Research Digital Trials Center. Her work in AI for primary care ranges from investigating primary care AI needs and priorities to co-developing AI solutions with Community Health Centres. She's also been engaged in several AI for heal

References Discov. Immunol. 2024 Nov 19;3(1):kyae016. Cell Reports 2015. 13, Issue 1p132-144October 06. Guerra, DJ. 2025. Biochemistry Lecture Notes, unpublished Rachmaninoff, S. 1900. Piano Concerto 2 in C minor. op.18.Khatia. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tSvq_GnGfTI&t=761s Kirwan, Danny 1971. "Woman of a Thousand Years" on Future Games lp. https://youtu.be/DQYHFWGXeDk?si=sYVGCrCvilagi5rt

In this special edition of the podcast, we will talk with the new Editor-in-Chief Janet Rossant and hear about her vision for the journal, its promising future, and what she sees as some of the exciting prospects over the horizon for stem cell research. We will also talk with Yvonne Fisher, the journal's Managing Editor, and Jack Mosher of the ISSCR, about the evolution of the journal and its role in the Society. GuestsJanet Rossant is the new Editor-in-Chief of Stem Cell Reports. She holds an appointment as the Chief of Research Emeritus and Senior Scientist at The Hospital for Sick Children and is the President and Scientific Director of the Gairdner Foundation. Widely recognized as an expert in embryonic development, Professor Rossant has been recognized for her contributions to science with awards, including the Ross G. Harrison Medal (lifetime achievement award) from the International Society of Developmental Biologists, the March of Dimes Prize in Developmental Biology, the Conklin Medal from the Society for Developmental Biology, and the 2018 L'Oréal For Women in Science Award. She is a Fellow of the Royal Societies of both London and Canada, and an International member of the US National Academy of Sciences. She previously served as President of the ISSCR. Learn more about Stem Cell Reports editorial team. Yvonne Fisher is the Managing Editor of Stem Cell Reports. Yvonne received her PhD from Frankfurt University and did her postdoctoral work in the laboratory of Henrik Semb at the University of Lund in Sweden. Yvonne is the longest serving member of the journal, serving as Managing Editor since the journal's inception in 2012. Jack Mosher is the Scientific Advisor for the International Society for Stem Cell Research. He received his PhD from the University of North Carolina in Chapel Hill and was a postdoctoral fellow in the laboratory of Sean Morrison at the University of Michigan. Jack serves numerous roles for the Society including administrative oversight of Stem Cell Reports.  HostMartin Pera, Editor-in-Chief, Stem Cell Reports and The Jackson LaboratoryX: @martinperaJAXAbout Stem Cell ReportsStem Cell Reports is the open access, peer-reviewed journal of the International Society for Stem Cell Research (ISSCR) for communicating basic discoveries in stem cell research, in addition to translational and clinical studies. Stem Cell Reports focuses on original research with conceptual or practical advances that are of broad interest to stem cell biologists and clinicians.X: @StemCellReportsAbout ISSCRWith nearly 5,000 members from more than 80 countries, the International Society for Stem Cell Research (@ISSCR) is the preeminent global, cross-disciplinary, science-based organization dedicated to stem cell research and its translation to the clinic. The ISSCR mission is to promote excellence in stem cell science and applications to human health.ISSCR StaffKeith Alm, Chief Executive OfficerYvonne Fisher, Managing Editor, Stem Cell ReportsKym Kilbourne, Director of Media and Strategic CommunicationsMegan Koch, Marketing ManagerJack Mosher, Scientific AdvisorHunter Reed, Senior Marketing CoordinatorVoice WorkBen Snitkoff

Die Themen in den Wissensnachrichten: +++ Wattenmeer ist im letzten halben Jahrhundert fast zwei Grad wärmer geworden +++ Olivenölpreise haben sich fast verdoppelt +++ Wie Mozart, Beethoven und Co bei Depressionen helfen können +++**********Weiterführende Quellen zu dieser Folge:Climate change impacts on a sedimentary coast—a regional synthesis from genes to ecosystems/ Marine Biodiversity, 01.08.2024Verbraucherpreisindizes, Auffällige Preisveränderungen im Juli 2024/ Destatis, 09.08.2024Auditory entrainment coordinates cortical-BNST-NAc triple time locking to alleviate the depressive disorder/ Cell Reports, 09.08.2024World's biggest iceberg spins in ocean trap/ BBC, 04.08.2024A Statistical Study of Space Hurricanes in the Southern Hemisphere/ JGR Space Physics, 25.06.204Alle Quellen findet ihr hier.**********Ihr könnt uns auch auf diesen Kanälen folgen: Tiktok und Instagram.

Humans have long sought the fountain of youth, and recently scientists have explored the biological basis of aging and potential strategies to reverse the process. Along with groundbreaking discoveries that have enabled extending the lifespan of model organisms, the anti-aging movement has spurred an entire industry focused on stopping the biological clock. In today's episode of Beyond the Abstract, Derek and Dan discuss recent studies about the aging process and debate the promises and pitfalls of this fast-moving field.This episode is sponsored by Proteintech Group, a company that creates reagents for the biomedical sciences so scientists can conduct groundbreaking science. Visit them at www.ptglab.com to find out more.The information presented here is not medical advice. Consult your physician for any questions regarding your personal health.Articles DiscussedAbad et al. Reprogramming in vivo produces teratomas and iPS cells with totipotency features. Nature, 2013.Ross et al. Depleting myeloid-biased haematopoietic stem cells rejuvenates aged immunity. Nature, 2024.Ocampo et al. In Vivo Amelioration of Age-Associated Hallmarks by Partial Reprogramming. Cell, 2016.Wang et al. In vivo partial reprogramming of myofibers promotes muscle regeneration by remodeling the stem cell niche. Nature Communications, 2021.Browder et al. In vivo partial reprogramming alters age-associated molecular changes during physiological aging in mice. Nature Aging, 2022.Weindruch et al. The retardation of aging in mice by dietary restriction: longevity, cancer, immunity and lifetime energy intake. Journal of Nutrition, 1986.Lu et al. Reprogramming to recover youthful epigenetic information and restore vision. Nature, 2020.Yucel and Gladyshev. The long and winding road of reprogramming-induced rejuvenation. Nature Communications, 2024.Lopez-Otin et al. The Hallmarks of Aging. Cell, 2013.Choudhury et al. Proline restores mitochondrial function and reverses aging hallmarks in senescent cells. Cell Reports, 2024.Zeng et al. Restoration of CPEB4 prevents muscle stem cell senescence during aging. Developmental Cell, 2023.

Formare ricordi di eventi simili costituisce una vera e propria sfida per il nostro cervello. È essenziale che ogni evento venga memorizzato in maniera separata per preservarne la specificità. Tuttavia, è altrettanto importante riconoscere e ricordare gli aspetti comuni tra gli eventi. Se questo delicato processo viene compromesso, le persone rischiano di confondere un evento con un altro, perdendo così la chiarezza e la specificità dei propri ricordi.Un nuovo studio pubblicato sulla rinomata rivista scientifica Cell Reports ha identificato un intricato processo cerebrale che consente di distinguere e memorizzare eventi simili in maniera separata, mantenendo al contempo le somiglianze tra di essi. Questa ricerca è stata condotta dalle ricercatrici Giulia Concina, Luisella Milano e Annamaria Renna coordinate dal Prof. Benedetto Sacchetti del Dipartimento di Neuroscienze dell’Università di Torino, ospite di Nicoletta Carbone a Obiettivo Salute.

An estimated 32,000 Americans are currently living with ALS, or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, a progressive neurodegenerative disease that attacks motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord. Northwestern investigators have uncovered novel cellular mechanisms involved in two types of genetic ALS that might lead to future targeted therapies. Evangelos Kiskinis, PhD, shares insights on these findings recently published in Science Advances and Cell Reports. 

In this episode of the Epigenetics Podcast, we talked with Mitch Guttman from California Institute of Technology about his work on characterising the 3D interactions of the genome using Split-Pool Recognition of Interactions by Tag Extension (SPRITE). Mitch Guttman discusses his exploration of the long non-coding RNA Xist, which plays a crucial role in X chromosome inactivation. He explains how they discovered that Xist is present everywhere in the nucleus, not just in specific locations on the X chromosome. Through their research, they identified critical proteins like SHARP that are involved in X chromosome silencing. The discussion then shifts to SPRITE, a method they developed to map multi-way contacts and generalize beyond DNA to include RNA and proteins. They compare SPRITE to classical proximity ligation methods like Hi-C and discuss how cluster sizes in SPRITE can estimate 3D distances between molecules. The conversation also touches upon the potential of applying SPRITE to single-cell experiments, allowing for the mapping of higher order nucleic acid interactions and tracking the connectivity of DNA fragments in individual cells.   References Jesse M. Engreitz et al., The Xist lncRNA Exploits Three-Dimensional Genome Architecture to Spread Across the X Chromosome. Science 341,1237973(2013). DOI:10.1126/science.1237973 Chun-Kan Chen et al., Xist recruits the X chromosome to the nuclear lamina to enable chromosome-wide silencing. Science 354, 468-472(2016). DOI: 10.1126/science.aae0047 Quinodoz, S. A., Ollikainen, N., Tabak, B., Palla, A., Schmidt, J. M., Detmar, E., Lai, M. M., Shishkin, A. A., Bhat, P., Takei, Y., Trinh, V., Aznauryan, E., Russell, P., Cheng, C., Jovanovic, M., Chow, A., Cai, L., McDonel, P., Garber, M., & Guttman, M. (2018). Higher-Order Inter-chromosomal Hubs Shape 3D Genome Organization in the Nucleus. Cell, 174(3), 744-757.e24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2018.05.024 Goronzy, I. N., Quinodoz, S. A., Jachowicz, J. W., Ollikainen, N., Bhat, P., & Guttman, M. (2022). Simultaneous mapping of 3D structure and nascent RNAs argues against nuclear compartments that preclude transcription. Cell Reports, 41(9), 111730. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111730 Perez, A. A., Goronzy, I. N., Blanco, M. R., Guo, J. K., & Guttman, M. (2023). ChIP-DIP: A multiplexed method for mapping hundreds of proteins to DNA uncovers diverse regulatory elements controlling gene expression [Preprint]. Genomics. https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.12.14.571730   Related Episodes Epigenetics and X-Inactivation (Edith Heard) Hi-C and Three-Dimensional Genome Sequencing (Erez Lieberman Aiden) Unraveling Mechanisms of Chromosome Formation (Job Dekker)   Contact Epigenetics Podcast on X Epigenetics Podcast on Instagram Epigenetics Podcast on Mastodon Epigenetics Podcast on Bluesky Epigenetics Podcast on Threads Active Motif on X Active Motif on LinkedIn Email: podcast@activemotif.com

Alan Fredendall // #FitnessAthleteFriday // www.ptonice.com  In today's episode of the PT on ICE Daily Show, Fitness Athlete division leader Alan Fredendall discusses current recommendations on protein intake, new possible recommendations, and barriers to showing efficacy with different amounts of protein consumption. Take a listen to the episode or check out the show notes at www.ptonice.com/blog If you're looking to learn from our Clinical Management of the Fitness Athlete division, check out our live physical therapy courses or our online physical therapy courses. Check out our entire list of continuing education courses for physical therapy including our physical therapy certifications by checking out our website. Don't forget about all of our FREE eBooks, prebuilt workshops, free CEUs, and other physical therapy continuing education on our Resources tab. EPISODE TRANSCRIPTION ALAN FREDENDALL All right. Good morning. PT on Ice Daily Show. Happy Friday morning. Hope your morning is off to a great start. My name is Alan. Happy to be here today. Currently have the pleasure of serving as the Chief Operating Officer here at Ice and a faculty member in our Fitness Athlete Division. It is Friday. It is Fitness Athlete Friday. We talk all things related to CrossFit, Olympic weightlifting, powerlifting, endurance athletes, If you are working with a patient or client who is recreationally active, out on the road, on the bike, in the gym, Fitness Athlete Friday is for you. Just a quick announcement before we get into today's topic. If you're going to be at CSM or you're already at CSM, join us tomorrow morning, 5am, CrossFit Southie. We have a free workout going on, led by me. I'm getting on a plane later tonight to fly out there and run the workout tomorrow morning. So whether you have many years of CrossFit experience, whether you have zero minutes of CrossFit experience, we're going to have a fun workout tomorrow morning at five. Please go on our Instagram, go into the pin post and sign up for the sign up form. The link is in that pin post. So today, Fitness Athlete Friday, what are we talking about? We're talking about a paper that just came out at the end of 2023 and was published a few weeks ago, looking specifically at protein digestion. Hang on, buddy. Come here. Sorry about that. We're going to talk about protein digestion and the upper limits of what we think can happen with protein digestion. So we're going to talk about current protein recommendations based on the current body of research. We're going to talk about what this paper found and the conclusions it drew that may change those protein recommendations. And then we're going to talk about barriers to this research. CURRENT PROTEIN CONSUMPTION RECOMMENDATIONS So the paper we're referencing today, the title is the anabolic response to protein ingestion during recovery from exercise has no upper limit in magnitude and duration in humans. was a paper published in December 2023 by Tromelin and colleagues, pardon my sick son coughing, and the journal title is Cell Reports in Medicine. So that's the paper we're referencing. Current protein recommendations quite old and they typically recommend and advocate that humans can't digest or otherwise synthesize protein in amounts above about 20 to 25 grams of protein per hour and If you're like me, you were sitting in a lecture in undergrad maybe 20 years ago and you heard that based on literature from the 90s and the early 2000s and you thought, hmm, that seems really specific and also really impractical given how much protein we're recommending that people eat. How can somebody possibly only synthesize and utilize 20 to 25 grams per hour. That would mean an individual, especially a larger, more muscular individual, would basically need to be always eating protein, right? A lot of these studies look specifically at whey protein, a faster digesting version of protein. Whey protein is essentially the watery portion of milk with all the fat strained out. But even at moderate protein consumptions, think about an individual who's maybe 6'6", 300 pounds. No, no. No, no, okay, we're gonna hold you all the time. Somebody who's 6'6", 300 pounds, that person would need to eat 20 to 25 grams of protein for 12 to 14 hours in a row to get all of their daily protein in, maybe just at a maintenance protein level. That is really impractical and yet, up until this paper was published in 2023, we don't really have any other recommendations that we could give. So cue this paper being published at the end of the year. You see yourself, hi. NEW PROTEIN CONSUMPTION RECOMMENDATIONS This paper, fantastic methodology, amazing study, really good incorporation of inclusion and exclusion criteria of the subjects used, but also did a really good job of being very thorough in measuring and tracking the protein synthesis in the subjects in the study. So let's talk about that study. This study looked at 36 healthy males between 18 and 40. Inclusion criteria, they had to have a BMI between 18 and 30. They had to have already been exercising one to three days per week, so they needed to basically be familiar with exercise, particularly resistance training. And exclusion criteria included anybody who smoked, anybody who was lactose intolerant, and anybody who was taking any sort of prescription medication. So basically we looked at rather young, rather healthy men. What did we do? We had them all perform the same type of resistance exercise. We had them perform the same resistance exercise protocol. They went into the gym, they performed one set of 10 reps at 65% of their max on lat pulldown, leg press, leg extension, and also chest press, so bench press machine. They then did four sets to failure at 80% of their max. So they did all the same resistance training protocol. And then what changed, what varied in this study was how much protein they consumed after the resistance training protocol. So some subjects were given no protein, that was the control group. Some subjects were given 25 grams of protein. And then another group was given 100 grams of protein. So four times current best recommendations. And the hypothesis was, how much protein synthesis might we see compared to the 25 gram group in the 100 gram group. We looked at immediately post-exercise, we looked up to 12 hours post-exercise and we found some really interesting results that essentially the higher protein group saw continually increased levels of protein synthesis out to the end of the study, the end of the 12-hour period. So the 25-gram group had increased protein synthesis obviously compared to the zero-gram group, but the 100-gram group had 20% increased levels of protein synthesis in the zero to four-hour measurement window and 40% higher in the four to 12-hour post-exercise window. So this paper is great because it really opens up the notion that we can front load our protein and that we can potentially catch up on a protein deficit later in the day. For a lot of our folks, especially our active folks who are also maybe working, wrangling kids during the workday, trying to get enough protein in and trying to get it in those 25 gram feedings is probably just not feasible when we're looking at individuals eating 200, 250, maybe even 300 grams of protein a day. Simply not possible to get that. So a lot of those folks have issues with timing of protein intake. and also the belief that any consumption beyond 25 grams might be wasted. This article is really a landmark paper because it shows that that might not be the case, that we can front load large doses of protein or catch up with big doses of protein later in the day and see really long windows of protein synthesis after resistance training. Again, 40% higher at the 12-hour mark compared to 20% higher at the 4-hour mark tells us protein synthesis actually increased the further away we got from both the exercise and the actual consumption of that protein. RESEARCH BARRIERS Now there are some barriers with this research, we need to be mindful of what this paper does not say. This paper did not look at objective measurements of things like strength or hypertrophy, so it would not be fair, hi buddy, you're gonna knock my tripod over, It would not be fair to use this study to say that eating 100 grams of protein at a time makes you stronger, makes your muscles bigger because the study did not look at this and therefore we cannot conclude that 100 gram doses are better. What we can conclude is that this may be an alternative way to consume our protein that results in equal or even higher amounts protein than the traditional recommendations of 25 grams per hour. What we also need to be mindful of is that all of the research on 25 grams per hour looks specifically at subjects fasted eating whey protein. This study literally did the opposite. It looked at individuals who were fed, who had just performed resistance training, and who were essentially eating casein protein, the fatty portion of milk protein. So eating basically the opposite aspect of the protein and doing it under a different mechanism, doing it after exercise as compared to doing it fasted. So it is a little bit of comparing apples to oranges. Nonetheless, what we can take away from this paper is an alternative feeding strategy, especially for those individuals who we see in the clinic, who we see in the gym, who may tell us that they simply don't have time in their day, time in their schedule to eat protein in 25 gram feedings. If those patients, if those athletes, if those clients are already saying, hey, I know I'm not getting enough protein because I don't have time to eat 25 grams every hour for 14 hours, and I'm just simply not eating protein, then this is a very viable alternative solution of, hey, let's try front-loading your protein before you leave the house for the day. Let's try eating, you know, 50, 75, 100 grams of protein, maybe half, maybe 75% of our protein intake for the day before we leave the house. Now again, what we can't promise those people is that they will have equal or better levels of muscular strength or hypertrophy gains, but nonetheless we know how important protein is at least for recovery. so we can make that alternative recommendation to those patients and clients. SUMMARY So, protein, is 25 grams an hour the maximum? It doesn't appear so. It appears that the more we eat, the higher levels of synthesis that we have, at least in the scope of this paper, up to 12 hours after we've consumed that protein. Is it better? We don't know yet. We need more research. We need to now look at a study of folks eating 25 grams versus 100 grams and now measuring them more longitudinally and seeing what does muscular hypertrophy look like, what does muscular strength look like, even what does functional outcomes look like, different functional tests. but that being said this is still a very landmark foundational paper that should change our mind about how we think about eating protein that we can think about front loading if we need to we can think about catching up at the end of the day eating a big dose of protein maybe with dinner. I know Mitch Babcock who teaches here in the fitness athlete division a big fan of a big bowl of cereal with protein powder on it on the end of the day just to get a big lump of protein in before the day's end and that might be a viable successful alternative for a lot of our patients and athletes. So protein get it in get it in where it fits in even if it's a bigger dose than previously you may have been led to believe would be effective. Courses coming your way really quick. If you want to come learn more about protein, recovery, nutrition from the Fitness Athlete Division, our Level 1 online course starts again April 29th. Our Level 2 online course starts September 2nd. And we have a number of live courses coming your way throughout the year. A couple coming your way the next couple months. We have Zach Long down in Charlotte, North Carolina. That'll be February 24th and 25th. Zach will again be out on the road, this time in Boise, Idaho, March 23rd and 24th. And then we have a doubleheader the weekend of April 13th and 14th. Joe Hineska will be out in Renton, Washington, near Seattle. And Mitch Babcock will be down in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. So I hope you have a wonderful Friday. Please join us at CSM if you're going to be there. 5 a.m. tomorrow morning, CrossFit Southie. Other than that, we hope you have a great Friday. Have a great weekend. Bye, everybody. OUTRO Hey, thanks for tuning in to the PT on Ice daily show. If you enjoyed this content, head on over to iTunes and leave us a review, and be sure to check us out on Facebook and Instagram at the Institute of Clinical Excellence. If you're interested in getting plugged into more ice content on a weekly basis while earning CEUs from home, check out our virtual ice online mentorship program at ptonice.com. While you're there, sign up for our Hump Day Hustling newsletter for a free email every Wednesday morning with our top five research articles and social media posts that we think are worth reading. Head over to ptonice.com and scroll to the bottom of the page to sign up.

Uno studio di un gruppo di scienziati britannici dell'University of Cambridge e pubblicato su 'Cell Reports' sottolinea come il digiuno intermittente sia in grado di ridurre l'infiammazione che è alla base di una serie di malattie croniche. A Obiettivo Salute il commento della prof.ssa Debora Rasio, medico nutrizionista, oncologa, ricercatrice all'Università La Sapienza di Roma.

References J Immunol. 2009 Feb 1; 182(3): 1641–1647. Cell Reports 2015 10, 2043-2054DOI Virchows Archiv:European Journal of Pathology. 2020. 09456317, Vol. 476, Issue 2 Poe, EA. 1845. "the Raven" https://youtu.be/wAdQ3CcPHQU?si=2qpStYF2gdUJ4f35 Buddy Morrow and his Orchestra. 1960. "the Black Cat" https://youtu.be/9w_VL7oq-mE?si=XiorgTkvSGzJ4BK0 --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/dr-daniel-j-guerra/message Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/dr-daniel-j-guerra/support

Me Siga: https://linktr.ee/ericrocha001e Existem alguns estudos interessantes publicados nos últimos anos no periódico "Cell Reports", mostrando que pessoas que tiram um cochilo de 20 minutos dentro das quatro horas após um período de aprendizado conseguem aprender muito mais rápido. Em outras palavras, o cérebro se reorganiza mais rapidamente, com uma reprodução acelerada dos neurônios, cerca de 10 a 20 vezes mais rápido do que o normal. --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/ericrocha/message

Can we stop the progression of pancreatic cancer? Pancreatic cancer is expected to be the second leading cause of cancer deaths by 2030. It spreads quickly and is hard to manage due to the tumor's unique biological makeup. However, an investigation in Cell Reports revealed the tumor's genetic changes as it spreads through the body. This new information has led to the discovery of an experimental drug that could halt this process and stop the cancer from migrating (University of Rochester). Is it time for parents to be selfish? In the early days of parenting, there's many sleepless nights, forgotten meals, and sick days that we power through because our children need us…but neglecting our own well being may actually be hurting our kids. A study published in Frontiers In Psychology has found that young kids with fathers who have mild anxious or depression symptoms report fewer behavioral difficulties and better scores on a standardized IQ test. More research is needed to reveal the factors that connect these two observations (McGill University). Science is taking muscle repair to the next level Skeletal muscles are one of the most regenerative organ systems we have, but when faced with something more serious, our body could use some help. Research published in Nature Cell Biology has identified a key gene used in muscle repair that brings us one step closer to lab-made muscles. The scientists hope to move this research into fixing rotator cuff tears, before advancing into more difficult challenges, like genetic muscular diseases (UC Irvine). Concussions may trigger mental health issues A study published in the Journal of Athletic Training studied how this brain injury is connected to suicide. Researchers found that male teens who've had two or more concussions in the past year are more likely to report having suicidal thoughts, planning, and attempts than male teens with one or no concussions. The risk of suicidal behavior seems to be the same for female teens regardless of brain injury (University of Michigan). Learn More: https://radiohealthjournal.org/medical-notes-why-parents-should-be-more-selfish-how-scientists-are-creating-lab-made-muscle-and-do-concussions-lead-to-suicidal-thoughts Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

In this episode, Dr. Luca Pellegrini is interviewed by Olivia Hillier, with narration by Andrew Cao, from the University of Ottawa. Dr. Pellegrini is a new professor in the department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology and is an expert on mitochondria and  inter-organelle contacts. He joins us to discuss his team's most recent paper, published in Cell Reports (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108873). This publication describes his team's discovery of the “wrappER”, a microscopic superhero in your body that plays a vital role in keeping you in top shape. Dr. Pellegrini takes us through the history of inter-organelle contacts research, the intriguing results detailed in his paper, and the broader implications of his findings to human health.  Learn more: https://www.pellegrinilab.com/ 0:27 | Podcast team introduction0:42 | Meet the wrappER, the cloak that safeguards your metabolic health.2:02 | Meet Dr. Luca Pellegrini, the founder of the wrappER.3:00 | How did Dr. Pellegrini come to study the wrappER?3:46 | Why does Dr. Pellegrini like history so much?4:41 | When did researchers start to consider how contacts between organelles may be important?5:58 | Diseases related to defects in inter-organelle contacts.6:48 | What you need to know about  Anastasia et al., 2021: the paper that discovered and defined the wrappER.8:12 | The wrappeR's structure is like a burrito.8:43 | Are all mitochondria wrapped by the wrappER?9:01 | The wrappER is not limited to liver cells.9:38 | What else can the wrappER wrap?10:12 | Dynamics of the wrappER and mitochondria.11:32 | How long did it take to make these discoveries of the wrappER?11:44 | The team behind the discovery.12:40 | What the wrappER can teach us about how our bodies regulate fat.13:18 | The wrappER and treatments for fat-related diseases and disorders.13:55 | Dr. Pellegrini's plans as a new profressor and principal investigator at the University of Ottawa.14:22 | Wrapping up: thank you to Dr. PellegriniPodcast by Andrew Cao (Narrator and Post-Production), Olivia Hillier (Interviewer), Olivia Sommers (Producer), & Anna Wang (Writer-Editor).Music:“The Launch” by Chronox (https://freemusicarchive.org/music/Chronox_2/)  This song can be found on the Free Music Archive (https://freemusicarchive.org/music/Chronox/Voyager/Chronox_-_01_-_The_Launch/)“Nocturnal (BGM)” by LEMMiNO (https://www.lemmi.no/)  “Thannoid” by Blue Dot Sessions (https://www.sessions.blue/)   “Are We Loose Yet” by Blue Dot Sessions (https://www.sessions.blue/)   “Here” by Hyson (https://iamhyson.bandcamp.com/)   

Brain cancer linked to nuclear pore alterations  Transcript of this podcastHello and welcome to the NanoLSI podcast. Thank you for joining us today. In this episode we feature the latest research by Masaharu Hazawa and Richard Wong at the Kanazawa University NanoLSI, alongside Mitsutoshi Nakada and colleagues at Kanazawa University.The research described in this podcast was published in Cell Reports in August 2023 Kanazawa University NanoLSI websitehttps://nanolsi.kanazawa-u.ac.jp/en/Brain cancer linked to nuclear pore alterations Researchers at Kanazawa University report in Cell Reports how alterations in nuclear pores lead to the degradation of anti-tumor proteins. Several types of cancer are believed to be linked to alterations of macromolecular structures known as nuclear pore complexes.  These structures are embedded in the nuclear envelope, a membrane barrier that separates the nucleus of a cell from the cytoplasm (the liquid filling the rest of the cell).  They consist of proteins called nucleoporins, which regulate the transport of molecules across the nuclear envelope, including enzymes that enable the synthesis of DNA.  Whether nuclear pore complex alterations play a role in glioblastoma, the most common type of cancer originating in the brain, is unclear at the moment.  Now, Masaharu Hazawa, Mitsutoshi Nakada and Richard Wong from Kanazawa University and colleagues have found a link between the functioning of nuclear pore complexes and glioblastoma — specifically, they demonstrated the inactivation of a tumor-suppressing protein called p53. The protein p53 is crucial in cancer prevention.  The corresponding gene TP53 encodes proteins that prevent mutations of the genome and is the most frequently mutated gene in human cancers.  Gaining insights into how p53 inactivation happens is crucial for understanding tumorigenesis in general and glioblastoma in particular.So how did the researchers go about it?Mitsutoshi Nakada and Richard Wong and colleagues first checked whether any nuclear pore complex proteins were amplified (that is ‘overexpressed') in glioblastoma.  They found that one such protein, called NUP107, showed overexpression.  Further investigations revealed that NUP107 is a potential oncoprotein in glioblastoma; its overexpression degrades the function of the cancer-suppressing p53 protein.  They also found that MDM2, another protein, is overexpressed simultaneously with NUP107.  MDM2 is also known to mediate p53 protein degradation. Further studies will be necessary to uncover the full molecular pathways at play, but the scientists speculate that the increased amount of NUP107 proteins in the nuclear pore complexes of glioblastoma cells results in nuclear pore complex structures that regulate the transport of molecules from the nucleus to the cytoplasm in a way that promotes p53 degradation.  This scenario is referred to as nuclear transport surveillance.  Experiments in which NUP107 proteins were depleted re-activated p53, consistent with NUP107 providing the structural stability of glioblastoma NPCs. The findings of Mitsutoshi Nakada and Richard Wong and colleagues confirm that alterations of nuclear pore complexes contribute to the pathogenesis of glioblastoma.  As Mitsutoshi Nakada and Richard Wong put it : “Together, our findings establish roles of nuclear pore complexes in transport surveillance and provide insights into p53 inactivation in glioblastoma.”  ReferenceDini Kurnia Ikliptikawati, Nozomi Hirai, Kei Makiyama, Hemragul Sabit, Masashi Kinoshita, Koki Matsumoto, Keesiang Lim, Makiko Meguro-Horike, Shin-ichi Horike, Masaharu Hazawa, Mitsutoshi Nakada, and Richard&NanoLSI Podcast website

Die Themen in den Wissensnachrichten: +++ Nach Russland fliegt jetzt Indien zum Mond +++ Dracula könnte blutige Tränen geweint haben +++ Kloschüssel ohne Bremsspuren +++**********Weiterführende Quellen zu dieser Folge:Chandrayaan-3 Mission/ X, 21.08.2023Count Dracula Resurrected: Proteomic Analysis of Vlad III the Impaler's Documents by EVA Technology and Mass Spectrometry/ Analytic Chemistry, 08.08.203Adaptive expression of engrams by retroactive interference/ Cell Reports, 16.08.2023POMPEII: THE LIFE OF SLAVES IN CIVITA GIULIANA/ Pompeji Sites, 20.08.2023Evolution of Neptune at near-infrared wavelengths from 1994 through 2022/ Icarus, 01.11.2023Abrasion-Resistant and Enhanced Super-Slippery Flush Toilets Fabricated by a Selective Laser Sintering 3D Printing Technology/ Advanced Engineering Materials, 05.08.2023**********Ihr könnt uns auch auf diesen Kanälen folgen: Tiktok und Instagram.**********Weitere Wissensnachrichten zum Nachlesen: https://www.deutschlandfunknova.de/nachrichten

References Immunity 2022. 55, Issue 8. Pages 1402-1413. Methods Mol Biol. 2018;1675:167-181. Experimental & Molecular Medicine 2019. volume 51, Article number: 80. Cell Reports 2015 10, 2043-2054DOI: (10.1016/j.celrep.2015.02.057) --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/dr-daniel-j-guerra/message

Estudo publicado no Cell Reports revela que o cheiro a novo nos carros vem de químicos cancerígenos em quantidades acima do aceitável. Fazer longas viagens com calor em carros novos aumenta o risco de cancro

The 2019 Cell Reports paper, “Chromatin Remodeling in Response to BRCA2-Crisis” by J Gruber and M Snyder et al. is available online here.Dr. Michael Snyder's Stanford laboratory home page is here.A 1998 Oncogene paper, “The BRCA2 is a histone acetyltransferase” by S Habibur and E S P Reddy et al. is located online here. A 2014 Cancer Discovery paper, “R-loop Processing by BRCA2 is Required for Genomic Stability” is located here. And more about TIP60 can be found in this recent 2022 Oncogenesis reference, “The TIP60-ATM axis regulates replication fork stability in BRCA-deficient cells” located online here. If you would like to contact Dale, Cindy or Sarantis feel free to email us at info@olink.com and if you would like to learn more about our backgrounds, Cindy's LinkedIn is here, Sarantis' is here, and Dale's is here.In case you were wondering, Proteomics in Proximity refers to the principle underlying Olink Proteomics assay technology called the Proximity Extension Assay (PEA), and more information about the assay and how it works can be found here.Would you like to subscribe to the podcast on your favorite player or app? You can do so here: Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/3T0YbSm Spotify Podcasts: https://open.spotify.com/show/2sZ2wxOqI4b4vSngkajLs8?si=d957d55c8db046f7 Google Podcasts: https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy50cmFuc2lzdG9yLmZtL3Byb3Rlb21pY3MtaW4tcHJveGltaXR5 Amazon Music: https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/d97ace94-f02b-4b37-9532-799548ef2840 Podcast Addict: https://podcastaddict.com/podcast/4098296 Deezer: https://www.deezer.com/show/5178787 Player FM: https://player.fm/series/series-3396598

Videos : Experts try to calm the angry AI, w Elon Musk  Neil Oliver: ‘Don't be fooled into thinking this disaster movie is coming to an end' (11:25) The TRUTH about IVERMECTIN (13:00) Liz Question  Greater niacin intake linked with lower mortality risk among cancer patients during 15-year period First People's Hospital in China, November 21 2022.  A study reported  in BMC Cancer found that men and women with cancer who consumed a higher amount of niacin (vitamin B3) from food or supplements had a lower risk of dying from the disease during a 15-year follow-up period than patients with lower consumption.  Researchers analyzed data from 3,504 cancer patients who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) between 1999 and 2014.  Among participants whose niacin intake from food was among the top 25%, the adjusted risk of mortality from all causes was 27% lower, and the risk of dying from cancer was 49% lower during follow-up compared with participants whose intake was among the lowest 25%. Each 10 mg per day increase in dietary niacin was associated with an adjusted 11% lower risk of all-cause mortality and a 19% reduction in the risk of cancer mortality.  Total daily niacin intake was 76.4 mg per day among participants who reported using niacin supplements compared to 21.4 mg per day among those who did not supplement. Cancer mortality was 52% lower among those who supplemented with niacin versus unsupplemented participants.  “Our study found that higher intake of dietary niacin was associated with lower risk of mortality from all-causes and cancer mortality,” Hongyan Ying Taizhou of First People's Hospital in China and colleagues concluded. “The consumption of niacin had a dose-effect relationship for all-cause mortality, but not for cancer mortality. This conclusion was verified by the data of supplemental niacin consumption.” Study: Antioxidant flavonols linked to slower memory decline Rush University Medical Center, November 22, 2022 People who eat or drink more foods with antioxidant flavonols, which are found in several fruits and vegetables as well as tea and wine, may have a slower rate of memory decline, according to a study published in Neurology. “It's exciting that our study shows making specific diet choices may lead to a slower rate of cognitive decline,” said study author Thomas M. Holland, MD, MS of Rush University Medical Center in Chicago. “Something as simple as eating more fruits and vegetables and drinking more tea is an easy way for people to take an active role in maintaining their brain health.” The study involved 961 people with an average age of 81 without dementia. They filled out a questionnaire each year on how often they ate certain foods. They also completed annual cognitive and memory tests including recalling lists of words, remembering numbers and putting them in the correct order. They were also asked about other factors, such as their level of education, how much time they spent doing physical activities and how much time they spent doing mentally engaging activities such as reading and playing games. They were followed for an average of seven years. The people were divided into five equal groups based on the amount of flavonols they had in their diet. While the average amount of flavonol intake in US adults is about 16 to 20 milligrams (mg) per day, the study population had an average dietary intake of total flavonols of approximately 10 mg per day. The lowest group had an intake of about 5 mg per day and the highest group consumed an average of 15 mg per day; which is equivalent to about one cup of dark leafy greens. After adjusting for other factors researchers found that the cognitive score of people who had the highest intake of flavonols declined at a rate of 0.4 units per decade more slowly than people whose had the lowest intake. Holland noted this is probably due to the inherent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of flavonols. The study also broke the flavonol class down into the four constituents: kaempferol, quercetin, myricetin and isorhamnetin. The top food contributors for each category were: kale, beans, tea, spinach and broccoli for kaempferol; tomatoes, kale, apples and tea for quercetin; tea, wine, kale, oranges and tomatoes for myricetin; and pears, olive oil, wine and tomato sauce for isorhamnetin. People who had the highest intake of kaempferol had a 0.4 units per decade slower rate of cognitive decline compared to those in the lowest group. Those with the highest intake of quercetin had a 0.2 units per decade slower rate of cognitive decline compared to those in the lowest group. And people with the highest intake of myricetin had a 0.3 units per decade slower rate of cognitive decline compared to those in the lowest group. Dietary isorhamnetin was not tied to global cognition. Examining how poor diet damages blood vessels Leipzig University & Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (Germany), November 21, 2022 A research team led by Bilal Sheikh from the Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) and Leipzig University's Faculty of Medicine investigated how obesity impacts blood vessels' structure at a molecular level. The team's research, now published in Nature Metabolism, illustrates that metabolic disease affects blood vessels in different organs of our body in a unique way. For instance, blood vessels in the liver and fat tissue struggle to process the excess lipids, kidney vessels develop metabolic dysfunction, lung vessels become highly inflammatory, and transport across the brain vessels is defective.  “As vascular dysfunction drives all major pathologies, from heart failure to atherosclerosis and neurodegeneration, our research shows how bad eating habits molecularly promote the development of diverse diseases,” explains Dr. Olga Bondareva, the first author of the study. “We want to elucidate molecular mechanisms of obesity in order to be able to offer patients tailor-made therapies in the future,” adds HI-MAG director Professor Matthias Blüher. Blüher has been conducting research on morbid obesity at Leipzig University for years. The present study also involves scientists from Leipzig who work in the fields of cardiology and laboratory medicine. The researchers then asked whether a healthy diet could reduce the disease-causing molecular signatures induced by a bad diet. Their results show that a healthy diet can indeed improve the molecular health of blood vessels, albeit only partially. For instance, the blood vessels in the liver recovered nearly completely, but blood vessels in the kidneys retained the disease signature, despite a healthy diet and significant weight loss. This means that some of our blood vessels can develop a “memory” of metabolic disease, which is difficult to reverse. Lab mice fed processed food found to fare worse against flu than those eating grains University of Sydney & Shenzhen University School of Medicine (China), November 21, 2022 A team of researchers at the University of Sydney working with a colleague from Shenzhen University School of Medicine has found that lab mice are more likely to survive a flu infection if they are fed grain-based foods rather than processed food. The paper is published in Cell Reports. In recent years, medical researchers have reported evidence that diet plays a larger role in illness recovery than was thought. Some studies have shown, for example, that caloric density and the concentration of nutrients consumed while recovering from an infection can have a major impact on the severity of the infection. In this new effort, the researchers found evidence suggesting that other characteristics of food can also play a role in illness recovery, at least in mice. In this new effort, the researchers were studying how mammals such as mice fight off influenza infections. As part of that effort, they inadvertently fed two groups of lab mice slightly different meals that were thought to be equivalent in nutritional value and hence unlikely to have an impact on disease recovery. More specifically, they fed one group of mice a diet consisting mostly of grains. The other mice were fed a highly processed diet.  Both groups were subsequently infected with the influenza virus and were kept on the same diets they had prior to being infected. The researchers note that prior studies had shown that mice fed either diet when not battling an infection displayed little difference in health or behavior. But when infected with influenza, the researchers found that all of those fed the highly processed diet died. They also found that those fed the highly processed diet failed to regain weight lost due to the illness. In sharp contrast, all of the mice on the grain-based diet began regaining weight within 10 days of initial infection, and all of them recovered. The researchers note that the difference in survival was not due to differences in an immune response, but was instead due to recovery issues. They note that the mice on the highly processed food diet ate less than those given grains and wound up getting less nutrients.  Study: Olive Leaf Extract as Effective as Typical Diabetes Drugs University of Auckland  (New Zealand), November 17, 2022 Researchers from the University of Auckland have discovered that olive leaf extract has the ability to decrease insulin resistance and increase the production of insulin by the pancreas. This is one of the main problems that most diabetes patients suffer from – the lack of proper insulin balance in the body. To test olive leaf extract's effects on diabetes, the researchers conducted a randomized, double-blinded and placebo-controlled clinical study dividing 46 overweight men into two groups. One of the groups received olive leaf extract, while the other group was given a placebo. The olive leaf extract was standardized to contain its active ingredients – oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol. After six weeks to allow the men's bodies to return to their ‘normal levels,' the groups were switched. The original placebo group then received the olive leaf extract, and vice versa.  None of the men knew which group they were in at which time. The researchers found that the olive leaf extract lowered insulin resistance by an average of 15% and increased the productivity of the pancreas' beta cells – which produce insulin – by 28%. The researchers concluded: “Supplementation with olive leaf polyphenols for 12 weeks significantly improved insulin sensitivity and pancreatic β-cell secretory capacity in overweight middle-aged men at risk of developing the metabolic syndrome.” This research also showed that olive leaf could possibly effectively treat both Diabetes 1 and Diabetes type 2. In addition, the olive leaf extract would likely help individuals with type 2 Diabetes the most. Researchers also found that olive leaf extract may be just as effective as conventional drugs. They stated: “Hence, compared to these drugs that only improve insulin secretion, olive leaf extract improves both insulin sensitivity and pancreatic β-cell secretory capacity. Remarkably, the observed effects of olive leaf extract supplementation in our study population is comparable to common diabetic therapeutics (particularly metformin)…” Common Painkillers Like Ibuprofen And Naproxen Can Make Arthritis Inflammation Even Worse University of California-San Francisco, November 20, 2022 Common painkillers can make the misery of osteoarthritis even worse, a new study warns. Ibuprofen, naproxen, and diclofenac are among the many drugs for relieving aching joints. However, researchers say they may aggravate inflammation of the knee over time. They belong to a class of medications known as NSAIDS, or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. The study, based on a review of over 1,000 patients, is one of the first to investigate their long-term effects. “NSAIDs are frequently used to treat pain, but it is still an open discussion of how NSAID use influences outcomes for osteoarthritis patients. In particular, the impact of NSAIDs on synovitis, or the inflammation of the membrane lining the joint, has never been analyzed using MRI-based structural biomarkers.” The team found no benefit in 277 patients with moderate to severe osteoarthritis who also engaged in sustained NSAID use. In fact, joint inflammation and cartilage quality got worse over the next four years compared to a group of 793 controls who did not take the drugs. Dr. Luitjens and her colleagues looked at the link between NSAIDs and synovitis and assessed how the therapy impacted joint structure over time. “Synovitis mediates development and progression of osteoarthritis and may be a therapeutic target,” Dr. Luitjens continues. “Therefore, the goal of our study was to analyze whether NSAID treatment influences the development or progression of synovitis and to investigate whether cartilage imaging biomarkers, which reflect changes in osteoarthritis, are impacted by NSAID treatment.” “In this large group of participants, we were able to show that there were no protective mechanisms from NSAIDs in reducing inflammation or slowing down progression of osteoarthritis of the knee joint,” the study author reports. “The use of NSAIDs for their anti-inflammatory function has been frequently propagated in patients with osteoarthritis in recent years and should be revisited, since a positive impact on joint inflammation could not be demonstrated.”

How are habits – both good and bad – formed in the brain, and what role do habits play in diseases of the brain? These are some of the questions neuroscientist, Talia Lerner, PhD, is investigating in her lab. Her recent study, published in Cell Reports, may change the overall understanding of how habits are formed and could be broken.

VIDEOS: Dr. Ryan Cole: Covid Vaccine Side Effects Are Like A Nuclear Bomb (10:00) We don't need the CIA – The Chris Hedges Report (10:00)   GlyNAC supplementation reverses aging hallmarks in aging humans Baylor College of Medicine, August 19, 2022 A randomized, double blind human clinical trial conducted by researchers at Baylor College of Medicine reveals that supplementation with GlyNAC—a combination of glycine and N-acetylcysteine—improves many age-associated defects in older humans and powerfully promotes healthy aging. This is relevant because until now, there have been no solutions toward improving many of these age-related declines in people. Published in The Journals of Gerontology: Series A, the study shows that older humans taking GlyNAC for 16-weeks improved many characteristic defects of aging. This includes oxidative stress, glutathione deficiency and multiple aging hallmarks affecting mitochondrial dysfunction, mitophagy, inflammation, insulin resistance, endothelial dysfunction, genomic damage, stem cell fatigue and cellular senescence. These were associated with improvements in muscle strength, gait speed, exercise capacity, waist circumference and blood pressure. The improvements in oxidative stress, glutathione levels and mitochondrial function in the muscle tissue of older humans taking GlyNAC were similar to the improvements in organs such as the heart, liver and kidneys of aged mice supplemented with GlyNAC as reported in the researchers' recent publication. Taken together, the results of these studies show that GlyNAC supplementation can improve these defects in many different organs of the body. “GlyNAC supplementation in aging mice increased their length of life mice by 24%,” said Sekhar. “Gait speed is reported to be associated with survival in older humans. Our randomized clinical trial found a significant improvement in gait speed in older humans supplemented with GlyNAC. This raises the interesting question of whether GlyNAC supplementation could have implications for survival in people.” Mitochondria generate energy needed for supporting cellular functions. However, the ability of mitochondria to work well declines as we age. How to improve the ability of these failing mitochondria to work is not well understood, and therefore no solutions have been available. Sekhar's group discovered earlier that supplementing GlyNAC in aged mice corrected malfunctioning mitochondria. However, to definitively determine whether GlyNAC supplementation benefited people, a placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial was required. After 16-weeks of GlyNAC supplementation, mitochondrial function of older people improve toward levels found in young people. This was accompanied by improvements in multiple additional outcomes as reported in the publication. Analysis of the molecular data from the trial suggests that the GlyNAC supplementation is able to fill cells with younger and more efficient mitochondria. “Collectively these exciting new discoveries hold great promise for improving our mitochondrial and general health as we age,” Sekhar said. A second vital benefit offered by supplementing GlyNAC is that it also helps protect the body from an important problem called oxidative stress. GlyNAC supplementation corrects glutathione deficiency and lowers oxidative stress in older humans back to youthful levels, thereby solving both problems. “One of the intriguing questions from this trial is why so many improvements occur toward promoting health. We believe that this is due to the combined effort of three separate components—glycine, cysteine (from NAC) and glutathione, and not just due to glutathione itself. Glycine and cysteine are both very important for cellular health on their own, and GlyNAC provides both. Glycine and cysteine are building blocks to form glutathione, which also has health benefits. We believe that the improvements in this trial and in our previous studies are the result of the combined effects of glycine and NAC and glutathione, and we refer to this combination as the ‘Power of 3,'” said Sekhar. GlyNAC supplementation improved muscle strength in the upper and lower extremity and a trend toward increased exercise capacity. “These findings could have additional implications for improving the health of older humans, especially in terms of being able to be more physically active,” said Sekhar. High-fructose corn syrup consumption in adolescence impairs learning and memory University of Southern California, August 12, 2022 Because most corn in America is genetically modified to kill corn “pests,” no human on Earth should be eating it, especially every day. This is now being proven by scientists who run tests on animals in laboratories and have concluded that high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS) and sucrose can impair an adolescent animal's ability to learn, and it can impair its ability to remember information. And that brings us to the rat genome. Research reveals a difference between adult animals that consume HFCS-sweetened beverages and adolescent animals that consume the same. The amounts of HFCS used in the research were very similar to the amounts of GMO sugar found in common soft drinks. The study was conducted over one month. The lead author of the study said it's no secret that soft drinks can lead to not only metabolic disturbances but interference with the brain's ability to function normally and remember “critical information” about one's environment. Dr. Scott Kanoski from the University of Southern California explained, “The hippocampus is such a critical brain region for memory function. In many ways this region is a canary in the coal mine, as it is particularly sensitive to insult by various environmental factors, including eating foods that are high in saturated fat and processed sugar.” Music More Effective Than Drugs At Releasing Brain's Painkillers McGill University (Montreal), August 11, 2022 400 published scientific papers have proven the old adage that “music is medicine.” Neurochemical benefits of music can improve the body's immune system, reduce anxiety levels and help regulate mood in ways that drugs have difficulty competing. “We've found compelling evidence that musical interventions can play a health care role in settings ranging from operating rooms to family clinics,” says Prof. Levitin of McGill University's Psychology Department. “But even more importantly, we were able to document the neurochemical mechanisms by which music has an effect in four domains: management of mood, stress, immunity and as an aid to social bonding.” Like other pleasurable experiences, there are two components to enjoying music: anticipation of hearing your favourite song, and then actually hearing it. The brain signalling chemical dopamine, which is linked to reward, is involved in both phases. But neuroscientists have wondered for decades whether there was more to it — what gives music its power to induce euphoria? The brain's natural opioids could be key. Professor Levitin's team showed that blocking opioid signals in the brain by giving people a drug called naltrexone reduces the amount of pleasure they report getting from their favourite song. They still enjoy the anticipation of hearing the song just as much, suggesting that, although dopamine is involved, it's when the opioids kick in that music really starts to affect our minds. A flood of opioids would also explain music's effect on our body. Listening to music is known to raise people's pain thresholds, so much so that in some cases, it can be used to reduce the need for morphine-like painkillers. In their analysis, Levitin's team surveyed over 400 papers, looking for patterns in the scientific evidence supporting the claim that music can affect brain chemistry in a positive way. They succeeded in isolating four areas where music can help: Reward, motivation, and pleasure (to help with eating disorders, as an example) Stress and arousal (to help reduce anxiety) Immunity (to strengthen the body's immune system and slow-down age related decline) Social affiliation (to assist in trust building and social bonding) The researchers connected these areas with four primary neuro-chemical systems: Dopamine and opioids Cortisol (and related hormones) Serotonin (and related hormones) Oxytocin “We know music facilitates active neurochemical processes in a symphony of opioids which pharmaceutical intervention has been unable to match,” said Dr. Francis Chandra commenting on the study. Calcium & magnesium reduce risk of metabolic syndrome: 9000-strong study Case Western Reserve University, August 14, 2022 Calcium and magnesium may reduce the risk of metabolic syndrome – but men need above and beyond recommended levels for this effect, say researchers. The researchers from the Case Western Reserve University in the US used 9,148 adults to test the theory that higher dietary intakes of calcium and magnesium decreased the risk of metabolic syndrome. Using 24-hour recalls as part of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Study, they found women who met the US recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for both magnesium (310–320 mg per day) and calcium (1000–1200 mg per day) saw the greatest decrease in risk of metabolic syndrome. The European RDA for magnesium is 375 mg and 800 mg for calcium. Meanwhile, they did not see the same association for men meeting the RDA for magnesium (400–420 mg per day) and calcium (1000–1200 mg per day), individually or in combination. However, when these intakes were increased to over 386 mg for magnesium and over 1224 mg per day for calcium, the odds of metabolic syndrome for the men was lowered. “The underlying mechanisms driving the differences we and others have observed by sex are not well understood and warrant additional mechanistic studies,” the researchers wrote. The study measured serum triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and glucose levels as markers of the condition Treadmill exercise shown to improve Parkinson's symptoms in mice Rush University Medical Center, August 18, 2022 Regular treadmill exercise helped improve Parkinson's disease symptoms in mice in a recent study by researchers at RUSH University Medical Center. The results of the study were recently published in the Cell Reports. “We're very excited about the results,” said Kalipada Pahan, Ph.D., Floyd A. Davis, MD, Endowed Chair in Neurology and professor of neurological sciences, biochemistry, pharmacology at the RUSH University Medical Center. “Our hope is that we can use this as a jumping off point for furthering our ability to help Parkinson's patients manage their symptoms.” In the study, scientists found positive results in using regular treadmill exercise to stop the spread of the α-synuclein protein and reverse biochemical, cellular, and anatomical changes that occur in the brains of mice with Parkinson's disease in the absence of any drugs. The mice in the trial ran on a treadmill consistently in 30-minute intervals for six days a week, over the course of two months. The findings are key in the ongoing research of Parkinson's, but Pahan and his team were quick to note that while treadmill exercise is something that can be easily available and accessible, some patients with Parkinson's might not be able to run on a treadmill daily. “Once patients are diagnosed with these neurodegenerative disorders, there are no drugs available for halting the disease progression,” Pahan said. “Understanding how the treadmill helps the brain is important to developing treadmill-associated drugs that can inhibit α-synuclein pathology, protect the brain, and stop the progression of Lewy body diseases.” 30 Minutes of Reading a Day Could Add Years to Your Life University of Sussex (UK) and Yale University, August 7, 2022 Past studies have shown that reading books can benefit people in a multitude of ways, physically, mentally, and intellectually. Now in a new study, people who read a book for about 30 minutes a day were found to live approximately 2 years longer than those who didn't read at all. In previous research, curling up with a good book has been shown to improve people's social skills by improving their ability to read the thoughts and feelings of others. Researchers at the University of Sussex in England found that reading was “the most effective way to overcome stress” – even better than listening to music, having a cup of tea, or going for a walk. Reading has also been proven to be a great way to keep the mind sharp, and may reduce mental decline by 32%, helping to prevent Alzheimer's disease. For the new study, researchers from Yale University analyzed data on 3,635 people age 50 and older. The participants were divided into 3 groups – those who didn't read at all, those who read up to 30 minutes a day, and those who read for longer than 3.5 hours per week. Those who read the most tended to be women with college educations and high incomes. The researchers said that book readers appear to have a “significant survival advantage” over people who don't read books. The study didn't address whether reading on a Kindle or other tablet device counted, but it did find that book readers in general lived an average of 2 years longer than non-readers. Specifically, the researchers found that people who read up to 3.5 hours a week were 17% less likely to die over the study's 12-year follow-up period than participants who read no books. This was after accounting for the participants' age, race, self-reported health, depression, employment, and marital status. Compared with those who didn't read books, those who read for more than 3.5 hours a week were 23% less likely to die overall.

August 2022The papers behind the pod: Arjmand S et al. (2022). Tips and traps for behavioural animal experimentation. Acta Neuropsychiatrica, in press. https://doi.org/10.1017/neu.2022.4Wrede P et al. (2022). Real-time 3D optoacoustic tracking of cell-sized magnetic microrobots circulating in the mouse brain vasculature. Science Advances 8(19). https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abm9132 Russell A et al. (2022). Reduced housing density improves statistical power of murine gut microbiota studies. Cell Reports 39(6): e110783. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110783It's the third Thursday of August, and you're listening to 3 Minute 3Rs, your monthly recap of efforts to replace, reduce, and refine the use of animals in research. Follow this link for the full transcript: https://nc3rs.org.uk/3-minute-3rs-podcast-august-2022-transcript Our GDPR privacy policy was updated on August 8, 2022. Visit acast.com/privacy for more information.

Recent studies (since 2019) provide more clues about the effects of hormones on muscle: The ability to build it The loss of it Plus, in this episode I provide suggestions on what to do that is also noted by science as proven protocols. Study 1 Treating women post menopause with either a placebo or estradiol, the estradiol subjects increased their muscle mass. Adequate exercise is also important: estradiol without proper exercise is less likely to increase lean muscle. It might help slow the rate of losses otherwise associated with age. Remember that muscle loss associated with age, are “associated with age” because the current existing science on lifting heavy weight well into 7th, 8th, and 9th decades is lacking. Studies on weightlifting for the oldest of old are minimal. Those that do exist, are promising. Even moderate, consistent weight training, and protein supplementation continues to improve lean muscle in elderly. We will be the first generation who do lift heavy weights into older age. The loss of estrodiol was directly associated with a lack of muscle when there was no additional stimulus for muscle. What is proven to decrease or prevent muscle loss? Lifting heavier weight, to muscle fatigue Eating higher levels of (and) higher quality complete proteins While reducing stressors Hormone replacement therapy Ko J, Park YM. Menopause and the Loss of Skeletal Muscle Mass in Women. Iran J Public Health. 2021 Feb;50(2):413-414. doi: 10.18502/ijph.v50i2.5362. PMID: 33748008; PMCID: PMC7956097. Study 2 Lean body mass is negatively associated with incident VMS. Our data suggests that maintaining higher levels of LBM during the menopausal transition may be protective against the development of VMS. Every woman will experience menopause in her life and the ability to potentially prevent the onset of specific symptoms through basic interventions, such as resistance training to increase lean body mass, may positively impact this large population. Reduce VMS (hot flashes and night sweats) with increased levels of lean body mass. Woods, R., Hess, R., Biddington, C. et al. Association of lean body mass to menopausal symptoms: The Study of Women's Health Across the Nation. womens midlife health 6, 10 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40695-020-00058-9 PLUS, STUDY #3 During menopause women have a reduced fatty oxidation during exercise than women pre-menopause. Suggesting the best time to start is in pre-menopause.. the next best time is peri.. or wherever you are if you're not exercising. Gould, Lacey M. MA1; Gordon, Amanda N. BS1; Cabre, Hannah E. MS, RDN1, 2; Hoyle, Andrew T. BS1; Ryan, Eric D. PhD2, 3; Hackney, Anthony C. PhD, DSc2, 4; Smith-Ryan, Abbie E. PhD1, 2, 4 Metabolic effects of menopause: a cross-sectional characterization of body composition and exercise metabolism, Menopause: April 2022 - Volume 29 - Issue 4 - p 377-389 doi: 10.1097/GME.0000000000001932 STUDY #4 Muscle in menopause is not as sensitive to the protein you eat, therefore you need more of it than you have in the past. (And there is evidence we've been undereating protein for a long time, following guidelines determined for 18 yr. olds going to war to prevent disease). During perimenopause adjusting a diet to higher protein and lower carbohydrate (keeping resistant starches however) HERMAN PONTZER, et al., SCIENCE, 13 Aug 2021, Vol 373, Issue 6556, pp. 808-812 DOI: 10.1126/science.abe5017 Collins et al., 2019, Cell Reports 28, 268-381, July 9, 2019 © The Author(s).  https://doi.org/1016/j.celrep.2019.06.025 IN THE ABSENCE of SPECIFIC MUSCLE BUILDING ACTIVITIES and as estrogen declines…. Muscle loss will occur. You have control over specific muscle building activities: Lifting heaviest weights you can to muscle fatigue every set Eating the minimum dose-stimulus of highest quality protein Ensuring your gut health Metabolism slows? The reason you hear that metabolism slows and fat increases, muscle wains… is that few women are lifting weights in a way that overloads their muscles. We've never seen it. Imagine your mother right now. I'll take a stab and say she's in her 80s or approaching or 90s or she's passed. Did she ever lift? Imagine your older sisters and your sister-in-laws. Did they lift? But they gained weight, they experienced fatigue, lack of muscle tone…. And why? They did what was provided to them. And it was “moderate exercise.” The older they got the more encouraged they were to be careful, not to exert too much, or strain. Phooey… They also (to give you an analogy).. very few of them used computers at a very high level. Maybe they've played solitaire, learned to Facetime or use Facebook with their families. And you and I? We're not going to stop, are we? We'll use them until we die. Similarly, if you begin lifting now… at whatever age that is for you… you will gain strength beyond anything a prior generation experienced, beyond what you have now, and improve your body composition and quality of life as you age. You're going to resist the unknown. You're going to be a lone ranger in the weight room at the gym. Look, every time I go to a gym, I attract looks when I grab the dumbbells and perform sprints on the treadmill. Those looks come from women following their partners around, and from young men picking up lighter weights than I am, and from older men, I hear, “You work hard.” As if… I shouldn't or it's different. Because it is. Few women work very hard. And fewer, eat enough to grow muscle after. After a couple years of regular lifting and exercise… did you know? You must have a caloric surplus in order to gain muscle mass. Oh, you may gain some strength up to a point, but if you're fasting all the time, eating one meal a day or even two… do you think you're going to gain muscle? Think again. You're causing your body stress… and low energy availability during and post exercise won't allow muscle building. Especially in women beyond menopause. Lift heavy. Eat higher protein and overall calorie levels that allow muscle gain. Keep your stress levels (all sources) low. From this you have questions.. How to start lifting safely What a diet that is micronutrient-rich, high protein, and void of food sensitivities looks like How to manage a gut experiencing bloat, gas, irregularity Where your walking, yoga, intervals fit in…. And I've got answers. I'll drop a few of them in the show notes. Right now(July 1-15) the Café membership is open. Workouts that are based on protocols for women in menopause are the #1 reason women log into their memberships every week. And… they come back for expert interviews, masterclasses that deep dive into the science on topics you care most about, mini courses so that answers to your highest priority challenge are at your fingertips whenever you want them, and recipes that put Flipping50 -approved food on the table quickly and flavorfully. I'll add a few more links to this episode show notes too in case we're closed. Never do we want someone sitting waiting. I'm a science girl who wants to cut through the junk and find the effective way to get fit not hurt. So, I use science -featuring you – to determine the effects of hormones on exercise and vice versa. This is the 1st, and only exclusively made-for-menopause fitness membership in the world. Resources: The Flipping 50 Membership: https://www.flippingfifty.com/cafe The 5 Day Flip: https://www.flippingfifty.com/5dayflip

Conversamos en mi espacio radial con la Dra. Dadilia Garcés, médico epidemiólogo y profesora del Miami Dade College, sobre el Zika. Un estudio advierte sobre la preocupante capacidad de mutación del virus. Una sola mutación del virus del zika podría provocar un nuevo brote y desencadenar una propagación «explosiva», advirtieron investigadores estadounidenses. En 2016, esta enfermedad causó una emergencia de salud mundial. Miles de bebés, muchos de ellos en Brasil, nacieron con daño cerebral después de que sus madres se infectaran durante el embarazo. Ahora los científicos exhortaron a estar atentos a nuevas mutaciones, luego de realizar un estudio de laboratorio (publicado en la revista Cell Reports) que sugiere que el patógeno tiene un gran potencial de cambiar fácilmente. Los estudios sugieren que las nuevas variantes podrían ser efectivas para propagarse, incluso en países que han desarrollado inmunidad por brotes anteriores. Los expertos dijeron que los hallazgos, aunque teóricos, son un recordatorio de que otros virus aparte del COVID-19 podrían representar una amenaza. El Zika se transmite por las picaduras del Mosquito Aedes Aegypti cuando está infectado. Los insectos se encuentran en América, excepto en Canadá y Chile, donde por el frío no sobrevivan. También se encuentran en toda Asia. Si bien para la mayoría de las personas es una enfermedad leve, sin efectos duraderos, puede tener consecuencias catastróficas para bebés en el útero. Detalles sobre el zika: - Aunque el virus es transmitido por mosquitos, también puede transmitirse sexualmente. - Sus síntomas pueden incluir fiebre, erupción cutánea y dolor en articulaciones. - Como no hay tratamiento de debe reducir el riesgo de ser picado. - Científicos han comenzado a trabajar en una vacuna contra el zika para proteger a las embarazadas. Si quieres saber sobre el Zika … Disfruta de la entrevista y escucha mi programa de radio, A Tu Salud La Revista, de lunes a viernes, de 3 a 5pm, por la @LaRomantica889 en Caracas, en www.laromantica.fm y en las emisoras del interior del Circuito Romántico.

In this episode of the Epigenetics Podcast, we caught up with Eleni Tomazou from St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute in Vienna to talk about her work on Epigenome-based precision medicine. The Tomazou lab studies Ewing sarcoma and the effects of Epigenetic factors on this disease. Ewing sarcoma is a type of cancer that affects bone and soft tissue of children and young adults, with a peak incidence at the age of 15. Ewing sarcoma is among the pediatric cancer types with the lowest survival rates and the development of novel therapies was obstructed by the limited understanding of the mechanisms behind the disease. Work done in Eleni Tomazou's group identified an epigenetic signature of Ewing sarcoma which, ultimately, lead to the possibility to diagnose Ewing sarcoma from liquid biopsies. The team is now looking to find actionable targets like enhancers to develop therapies, finding biomarkers to enable disease monitoring, and to further characterize these tumors to decipher intra-tumor epigenetic heterogeneity and characterize the developmental stage of the cell of origin.   References Tomazou, E. M., Sheffield, N. C., Schmidl, C., Schuster, M., Schönegger, A., Datlinger, P., Kubicek, S., Bock, C., & Kovar, H. (2015). Epigenome Mapping Reveals Distinct Modes of Gene Regulation and Widespread Enhancer Reprogramming by the Oncogenic Fusion Protein EWS-FLI1. Cell Reports, 10(7), 1082–1095. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2015.01.042 Sheffield, N. C., Pierron, G., Klughammer, J., Datlinger, P., Schönegger, A., Schuster, M., Hadler, J., Surdez, D., Guillemot, D., Lapouble, E., Freneaux, P., Champigneulle, J., Bouvier, R., Walder, D., Ambros, I. M., Hutter, C., Sorz, E., Amaral, A. T., de Álava, E., … Tomazou, E. M. (2017). DNA methylation heterogeneity defines a disease spectrum in Ewing sarcoma. Nature Medicine, 23(3), 386–395. https://doi.org/10.1038/nm.4273 Terlecki-Zaniewicz, S., Humer, T., Eder, T., Schmoellerl, J., Heyes, E., Manhart, G., Kuchynka, N., Parapatics, K., Liberante, F. G., Müller, A. C., Tomazou, E. M., & Grebien, F. (2021). Biomolecular condensation of NUP98 fusion proteins drives leukemogenic gene expression. Nature Structural & Molecular Biology, 28(2), 190–201. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41594-020-00550-w Peneder, P., Stütz, A. M., Surdez, D., Krumbholz, M., Semper, S., Chicard, M., Sheffield, N. C., Pierron, G., Lapouble, E., Tötzl, M., Ergüner, B., Barreca, D., Rendeiro, A. F., Agaimy, A., Boztug, H., Engstler, G., Dworzak, M., Bernkopf, M., Taschner-Mandl, S., … Tomazou, E. M. (2021). Multimodal analysis of cell-free DNA whole-genome sequencing for pediatric cancers with low mutational burden. Nature Communications, 12(1), 3230. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-23445-w   Related Episodes Epigenomics (Henk Stunnenberg) Targeting COMPASS to Cure Childhood Leukemia (Ali Shilatifard) Cancer and Epigenetics (David Jones)   Contact Active Motif on Twitter Epigenetics Podcast on Twitter Active Motif on LinkedIn Active Motif on Facebook Email: podcast@activemotif.com

Proved the great antitumoral potential of a compound derived from olives   University of Granada (Spain), March 8, 2022   Researchers from the University of Granada (UGR), in collaboration with the universities of Barcelona and Jaen, have brought to light the antitumoral nature of maslinic acid (a compound derived from olives) in Caco-2 p53-deficient colon adenocarcinoma cells in the short term. Maslinic acid (MA) is a natural triterpene found in high concentrations in the waxy skin of olives. The results of this research, recently published in the renowned PloS ONE magazine, show without a doubt how maslinic acid is capable of early inducing the extrinsic cellular death pathway in Caco-2 cells that don't express protein p53 (known by its pro-apoptotic capacity). In previous works, professor Lupiáñez Cara's research team had reported that maslinic acid induces apoptotic cell death via the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway in cancer cell lines.   (NEXT)   Study finds that Nordic diet lowers cholesterol and blood sugar, even if you don't lose weight   University of Copenhagen, March 8, 2022   A healthy Nordic diet can prevent a range of diseases. Until now, the health benefits that researchers had attributed to a Nordic diet primarily focused on weight loss. But in a new study, University of Copenhagen researchers and their Nordic colleagues found clear evidence that a Nordic diet can lower blood sugar and cholesterol levels even without weight loss. In particular, they point to the composition of dietary fats as a possible explanation for the diet's positive effects. Berries, veggies, fish, and whole grains: These are the main ingredients of the Nordic diet concept that for the past decade, has been recognized as extremely healthy, tasty and sustainable. The diet can prevent obesity and reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure and high cholesterol. Until now, Nordic diet research has primarily been linked to the diet's positive health effect following weight loss. But a new analysis conducted by University of Copenhagen researchers, among others, makes it clear that a Nordic diet has positive health benefits, regardless of whether one loses weight or not.   (NEXT)   Study finds distinct biological ages across individuals' various organs and systems   Beijing Genomics Institute and Lobachevsky State University (Russia), March 8, 2022   It's common to say that someone looks either younger or older than their chronological age, but aging is more than skin deep. Our various organs and systems may have different ages, at least from a biological perspective. In a study published March 8 in the journal Cell Reports, an international team of investigators used biomarkers, statistical modeling, and other techniques to develop tools for measuring the biological ages of various organ systems. Based on their findings, the researchers report that there are multiple "clocks" within the body that vary widely based on factors including genetics and lifestyle in each individual. Most human aging studies have been conducted on older populations and in cohorts with a high incidence of chronic diseases because the aging process in young healthy adults is largely unknown and some studies have suggested that age-related changes could be detected in people as young as their 20s, we decided to focus on this age range."   (NEXT)   Treating heart attacks with a medium chain fatty acid   University of Michigan, March 8, 2022   A medium-chain fatty acid might one day help protect against heart attack injuries. In this publication, we target the interplay between energy metabolism and epigenetics mediated by the medium chain fatty acid 8C." Wang and colleagues were able to protect against heart attack injury in rat models with octanoic acid, an eight carbon (8C) medium chain fatty acid, as well as a few other metabolites. Those fatty acids produced acetyl-CoA, a building block for energy metabolism, which a stressed heart desperately needs. The idea is that a physician would administer this therapy to a person once they arrive at the hospital after having a heart attack, to reduce further injury and improve heart function during recovery, he says.   (NEXT)   Stress damages the movement centers in the brain   University of Bonn (Germany), March 8, 2022   Stress seems to have a negative effect on the learning of movements—at least in mice. This is the conclusion of a recent study at the University of Bonn. According to the study, the neurons of rodents lose some of their contacts with other neurons after stress. The animals also developed motor deficits. The results may be useful for earlier diagnosis and improved therapy of stress-related diseases such as depression. They also document that stress leaves traces in the brain—possibly permanent ones. The study appeared in the journal Translational Psychiatry.Chronically stressed people often show abnormalities in their motor skills, such as poorer fine motor control. The researchers came across a conspicuous feature: after the stressful situation, the neurons studied lost some of their synapses—these are the contacts to other nerve cells. During learning processes, new synapses are usually formed or existing ones are strengthened. Instead, the stressed rodents lost up to 15 percent of their contacts.   (OTHER NEWS)   Lead exposure in last century shrunk IQ scores of half of Americans   Duke University, March 7, 2022   In 1923, lead was first added to gasoline to help keep car engines healthy. However, automotive health came at the great expense of our own well-being. A new study calculates that exposure to car exhaust from leaded gas during childhood stole a collective 824 million IQ points from more than 170 million Americans alive today, about half the population of the United States. The findings suggest that Americans born before 1996 may now be at greater risk for lead-related health problems, such as faster aging of the brain. Leaded gas for cars was banned in the U.S. in 1996, but the researchers say that anyone born before the end of that era, and especially those at the peak of its use in the 1960s and 1970s, had concerningly high lead exposures as children. The team's paper appeared the week of March 7 in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Lead is able to reach the bloodstream once it's inhaled as dust, or ingested, or consumed in water. In the bloodstream, it's able to pass into the brain through the blood-brain barrier, which is quite good at keeping a lot of toxicants and pathogens out of the brain, but not all of them. One major way lead used to invade bloodstreams was through automotive exhaust.   (NEXT)   Amazon rainforest is losing resilience: New evidence from satellite data analysis   Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (Germany), March 7, 2022   The Amazon rainforest is likely losing resilience, data analysis from high-resolution satellite images suggests. This is due to stress from a combination of logging and burning – the influence of human-caused climate change is not clearly determinable so far, but will likely matter greatly in the future. For about three quarters of the forest, the ability to recover from perturbation has been decreasing since the early 2000s, which the scientists see as a warning sign. The new evidence is derived from advanced statistical analysis of satellite data of changes in vegetation biomass and productivity. “Reduced resilience – the ability to recover from perturbations like droughts or fires – can mean an increased risk of dieback of the Amazon rainforest. The Amazon rainforest is a home to a unique host of biodiversity, strongly influences rainfall all over South America by way of its enormous evapotranspiration, and stores huge amounts of carbon that could be released as greenhouse gases in the case of even partial dieback, in turn contributing to further global warming. This is why the rainforest is of global relevance. The Amazon is considered a potential tipping element in the Earth system and a number of studies revealed its vulnerability.

Stand Up is a daily podcast. I book,host,edit, post and promote new episodes with brilliant guests every week day. Please subscribe now for as little as 5$ and gain access to a community of almost 800 awesome, curious, kind, funny, brilliant, generous soul. sign up now and join us every Thursday night for a virtual happy hour. Now on to today's show notes Dr. Rasmussen is a virologist studying host responses to infection by combining classical virology with modern systems biology approaches. Her research objectives are to identify host response signatures predictive of infection severity or disease outcome and host pathways to target drug development or repurposing. She is particularly interested in viruses that are highly pathogenic, newly emergent or likely to emerge because of climate change, land development, or ecological disruption. Currently she is focused on SARS-CoV-2, as well as other emerging pathogens with the potential to profoundly impact global health, such as Ebola virus, MERS-CoV, influenza virus, and hemorrhagic fever viruses. She works closely with other faculty and affiliates within the GHSS on the Viral Emergence Research Initiative (the VERENA Consortium), where she leads the core virology team. Dr. Rasmussen has employed uses in vitro systems, animal models, and clinical specimens to study the relationship between host response and pathogenesis. She previously developed a  model of Ebola virus disease in a genetically diverse panel of mice, the Collaborative Cross (CC), leveraging the diversity of CC mouse disease phenotypes to study genetic and transcriptomic factors underlying disease severity in humans. She has applied this model to developing predictive signatures of disease outcome and infection and identify novel drug targets. She is currently evaluating CC mouse models towards investigation of sex-specific host responses to viral infection, as well as to investigate disease presentation in other viruses that pose a major threat to global public health, including SARS-CoV-2. Ultimately, these host response profiles can be used for translational or biodefense applications, such as diagnosing infection, predicting disease severity, informing vaccine design, and developing or repurposing host-targeted drugs to impair virus replication or reverse pathology.  Dr. Rasmussen has published numerous original research articles in the peer-reviewed literature and serves on the editorial board of Cell Reports and mSphere. In addition to her scientific work, she believes that engagement of the public is essential to successful public health initiatives and is an active and outspoken science communicator. She has written for Forbes, Foreign Affairs, Slate, the Guardian, and Leapsmag, and appeared many times in media outlets including the New York Times, the Washington Post, National Public Radio, ABC, NBC, CNN, CBC, and BBC. She is also an advocate for equitable and inclusive science, and serves on the NIH Advisory Committee to the Director's Working Group on Changing the Culture to End Sexual Harassment. Check out all things Jon Carroll Follow and Support Pete Coe Pete on YouTube Pete on Twitter Pete On Instagram Pete Personal FB page  

Magnesium is essential for the immune system, including in the fight against cancer University of Basel (Switzerland), January 19, 2022 Previous studies have shown that cancerous growths spread faster in the bodies of mice when the animals received a low-magnesium diet – and that their defense against flu viruses was also impaired. However, there has so far been little research into how exactly this mineral affects the immune system. Now, researchers have discovered that T cells can eliminate abnormal or infected cells efficiently only in a magnesium-rich environment. Specifically, magnesium is important for the function of a T cell surface protein called LFA-1. (NEXT) More lycopene linked to longer lives for people with metabolic syndrome University of Nebraska Medical Center, January 16, 2022 Higher blood levels of lycopene may reduce the risk of mortality in people with metabolic syndrome, says a new study from the University of Nebraska Medical Center. Lycopene is an antioxidant that is present in red- and pink-colored fruits and vegetables. As well as being used as a food coloring, it is also used in supplements and functional foods and beverages. New data published in Nutrition Research suggests that higher serum levels of lycopene were associated with greater survival times for people with metabolic syndrome, compared to low serum levels. (NEXT) Too much sugar during adolescence may alter brain's reward circuits European Journal of Neuroscience, January 19, 2022 A new study in rats may provide significant insights into the long-term impacts of over-consumption of sugary foods during adolescence. The study shows that the enjoyment of such foods later in adulthood is reduced in those who over-consumed early in life. Investigators found that this decrease in reward relates to reduced activity in one of the key hubs of the brain's reward circuitry, called the nucleus accumbens. Such long-lasting alterations could have important implications for reward-related disorders such as substance abuse or eating disorders. (NEXT) Unveiled the epigenetic mechanism by which vitamin D modulates the tolerance of the immune system Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (Germany), January 19, 2022 In autoimmunity, the mechanisms that guarantee that our defense system does not attack our own body - tolerance to oneself - does not work properly. Multiple sclerosis, which affects one in every 1,000 people in Spain, is a serious autoimmune disease in which the immune system attacks the myelin sheath of some types of neurons, causing progressive neurological disability. Dr. Esteban Ballestar, leader of the Epigenetics and immune diseases group at the Josep Carrreras Leukaemia Research Institute, and Dr. Eva Martínez-Cáceres, leader of the Immunopathology group at the IGTP-Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, have recently published in the prestigious journal Cell Reports the mechanism by which vitamin D activates the tolerance program of dendritic cells. (NEXT) Study links poor sleep in seniors to more severe arteriosclerosis University of Toronto, January 19, 2022 Poor sleep quality in older people is associated with more severe arteriosclerosis in the brain as well as a greater burden of oxygen-starved tissue (infarcts) in the brain, both of which can contribute to the risk of stroke and cognitive impairment, according to the newest findings reported in the American Heart Association's journal Stroke. The relationship between cardiovascular disease and so-called "fragmented" sleep has been studied in the past, but this is the first study to look specifically for an association between sleep fragmentation and detailed microscopic measures of blood vessel damage and infarcts in autopsied brain tissue from the same individuals. Fragmented sleep occurs when sleep is interrupted by repeated awakenings or arousals. In this study, sleep was disrupted on average almost seven times per hour. Researchers found that greater sleep fragmentation was associated with 27 percent higher odds of having severe arteriosclerosis. Moreover, for each additional two arousals during one hour of sleep, researchers reported a 30 percent increase in the odds that subjects had visible signs of oxygen deprivation in their brain. (OTHER NEWS) America's New Class War Chris Hedges, January 18, 2022 There is one last hope for the United States. It does not lie in the ballot box. It lies in the union organizing and strikes by workers at Amazon, Starbucks, Uber, Lyft, John Deere, Kellogg, the Special Metals plant in Huntington, West Virginia, owned by Berkshire Hathaway, the Northwest Carpenters Union, Kroger, teachers in Chicago, West Virginia, Oklahoma and Arizona, fast-food workers, hundreds of nurses in Worcester, Massachusetts, and the members of the International Alliance of Theatrical Stage Employees. Organized workers, often defying their timid union leadership, are on the march across the United States. Over four million workers, about 3% of the work force, mostly from accommodation and food services, healthcare and social assistance, transportation, housing, and utilities have walked away from jobs, rejecting poor pay along with punishing and risky working conditions. There is a growing consensus – 68% in a recent Gallup poll with that number climbing to 77% of those between the ages of 18 and 34 – that the only way left to alter the balance of power and force concessions from the ruling capitalist class is to mobilize and strike, although only 9% of the U.S. work force is unionized. Forget the woke Democrats. This is a class war. The Democratic Party will not push through the kind of radical New Deal reforms that in the 1930s staved off fascism and communism. Its empty political theater, which stretches back to the Clinton administration, was on full display in Atlanta when Biden called for revoking the filibuster to pass the Freedom to Vote Act and the John Lewis Voting Rights Advancement Act, knowing that his chances of success are zero. Georgia Democratic gubernatorial candidate Stacey Abrams, along with several of the state's voting rights groups, boycotted the event in a very public rebuke. They were acutely aware of Biden's cynical ploy. When the Democrats were in the minority, they clung to the filibuster like a life raft. Then Sen. Barack Obama, along with other Democrats, campaigned for it to remain in place. And a few days ago, the Democratic leadership employed the filibuster to block legislation proposed by Sen. Ted Cruz. The Democrats have been full partners in the dismantling of our democracy, refusing to banish dark and corporate money from the electoral process and governing, as Obama did, through presidential executive actions, agency “guidance,” notices and other regulatory dark matter that bypass Congress. The Democrats, who helped launch and perpetuate our endless wars, were also co-architects of trade deals such as NAFTA, expanded surveillance of citizens, militarized police, the largest prison system in the world and a raft of anti-terrorism laws such as Special Administrative Measures (SAMs) that abolish nearly all rights, including due process and attorney-client privilege, to allow suspects to be convicted and imprisoned with secret evidence they and their lawyers are not permitted to see. The squandering of staggering resources to the military — $777.7 billion a year — passed in the Senate with an 89-10 vote and in the House of Representatives with a 363-70 vote, coupled with the $80 billion spent annually on the intelligence agencies has made the military and the intelligence services, many run by private contractors such as Booz Allen Hamilton, nearly omnipotent. The Democrats long ago walked out on workers and unions. The Democratic governor of Maine, Janet Mills, for example, killed a bill a few days ago that would have allowed farm workers in the state to unionize. On all the major structural issues there is no difference between the Republicans and the Democrats. The longer the Democratic Party does not deliver real reforms to ameliorate the economic hardship, exacerbated by soaring inflation rates, the more it feeds the frustration of many of its supporters, widespread apathy (there are 80 million eligible voters, a third of the electorate, who do not cast ballots) and the hatred of the “liberal” elites stoked by Donald Trump's cultish Republican Party. Its signature infrastructure package, Build Back Better, when you read the fine print, is yet another infusion of billions of government money into corporate bank accounts. This should not surprise anyone, given who funds and controls the Democratic Party. The rapacious pillage by the elites, many of whom bankroll the Democratic Party, has accelerated since the financial crash of 2008 and the pandemic. Wall Street banks recorded record profits for 2021. As the Financial Times noted, they milked the underwriting fees from Fed-based borrowing and profited from mergers and acquisitions. They have pumped their profits, fueled by roughly $5 trillion in Fed spending since the beginning of the pandemic, as Matt Taibbi points out, into massive pay bonuses and stock buybacks. “The bulk of this new wealth—most—is being converted into compensation for a handful of executives,” Taibbi writes. “Buybacks have also been rampant in defense, pharmaceuticals, and oil & gas, all of which also just finished their second straight year of record, skyrocketing profits. We're now up to about 745 billionaires in the U.S., who've collectively seen their net worth grow about $2.1 trillion to $5 trillion since March 2020, with almost all that wealth increase tied to the Fed's ballooning balance sheet.” Kroger is typical. The corporation, which operates some 2,800 stores under different brands, including Baker's, City Market, Dillons, Food 4 Less, Foods Co., Fred Meyer, Fry's, Gerbes, Jay C Food Store, King Soopers, Mariano's, Metro Market, Pay-Less Super Markets, Pick'n Save, QFC, Ralphs, Ruler and Smith's Food and Drug, earned $4.1 billion in profits in 2020. By the end of the third quarter of 2021, it had $2.28 billion in cash, an increase of $399 million in the first quarter of 2020. Kroger CEO Rodney McMullen made over $22 million, nearly doubling the $12 million he made in 2018. This is over 900 times the salary of the average Kroger worker. Kroger in the first three quarters of 2021 also spent an estimated $1.3 billion on stock buybacks. Class struggle defines most of human history. Marx got this right. It is not a new story. The rich, throughout history, have found ways to subjugate and re-subjugate the masses. And the masses, throughout history, have cyclically awoken to throw off their chains. (NEXT) Was Peter Daszak Working For The Central Intelligence Agency? Kanekoa, January 18, 2022 “We found other coronaviruses in bats, a whole host of them, some of them looked very similar to SARS. So we sequenced the spike protein: the protein that attaches to cells. Then we… Well, I didn't do this work, but my colleagues in China did the work. You create pseudo particles, you insert the spike proteins from those viruses, see if they bind to human cells. At each step of this, you move closer and closer to this virus could really become pathogenic in people. You end up with a small number of viruses that really do look like killers." This statement was said by EcoHealth Alliance President Peter Daszak at a 2016 forum discussing “emerging infectious diseases and the next pandemic”. Daszak, who received more than $118 million in grants and contracts from federal agencies, including $53 million from USAID, $42 million from DOD, and $15 million from HHS, appeared to boast about the manipulation of “killer” SARS-like coronaviruses carried out by his “colleagues in China” at the now infamous Wuhan Institute of Virology. According to investigative research done by independent-journalist Sam Husseini and The Intercept, much of the money awarded to EcoHealth Alliance did not focus on health or ecology, but rather on biowarfare, bioterrorism, and other dangerous uses of deadly pathogens. EcoHealth Alliance received the majority of its funding from the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), a State Department subsidiary that serves as a frequent cover for the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). Their second largest source of funding was from the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA), which is a branch of the Department of Defense (DOD) which states it is tasked to “counter and deter weapons of mass destruction and improvised threat networks.” The United States Agency for International Development (USAID) has a long history of acting as a contract vehicle for various CIA covert activities. With an annual budget of over $27 billion and operations in over 100 countries, one former USAID director, John Gilligan, once admitted it was “infiltrated from top to bottom with CIA people.” Gilligan explained that “the idea was to plant operatives in every kind of activity we had overseas; government, volunteer, religious, every kind.” From 2009 to 2019, USAID partnered with EcoHealth Alliance on their PREDICT program which identified over 1,200 new viruses, including over 160 coronavirus strains; trained roughly 5,000 people around the world to identify new diseases; and improved or developed 60 research laboratories. What better way for the CIA to collect intelligence on the world's biological warfare capabilities? Dr. Andrew Huff received his Ph.D. in Environmental Health specializing in emerging diseases before becoming an Associate Vice President at EcoHealth Alliance, where he developed novel methods of bio-surveillance, data analytics, and visualization for disease detection. On January 12, 2022, Dr. Andrew Huff issued a public statement (on Twitter) in which he claimed, Peter Daszak, the President of EcoHealth Alliance, told him that he was working for the CIA. Dr. Huff continued, “…I wouldn't be surprised if the CIA / IC community orchestrated the COVID coverup acting as an intermediary between Fauci, Collins, Daszak, Baric, and many others. At best, it was the biggest criminal conspiracy in US history by bureaucrats or political appointees.” In February 2020, Daszak told University of North Carolina coronavirus researcher Dr. Ralph Baric that they should not sign the statement condemning the lab-leak theory so that it seems more independent and credible. “You, me and him should not sign this statement, so it has some distance from us and therefore doesn't work in a counterproductive way,” Daszak wrote. More unredacted emails have revealed that while these scientists held the private belief that the lab release was the most likely scenario, they still worked to seed the natural origin narrative for the public through the papers published in Nature Medicineand The Lancet. If Dr. Andrew Huff is telling the truth, Fauci, Collins, and Daszak might be covering up the lab origin not only for themselves, but also for the Central Intelligence Agency, the Department of Defense, and the U.S. Government.

Hearing and listening... is there a difference? I am sure that we have all been guilty of letting our minds drift out of a conversation before realising and immediately trying to tune back in. New research published in Cell Reports describes how brain activity varies during listening and hearing and how this work sheds light on neural pathways linked to attention. Katie King spoke with author Tania Barkat to find out the difference between hearing and listening... Like this podcast? Please help us by supporting the Naked Scientists

In this episode of the Epigenetics Podcast, we caught up with Jane Mellor from the University of Oxford to talk about her work on H3K4me3, SET proteins, Isw1 and their role in transcription. Since the beginning of the century, Jane Mellor and her team have focused on H3K4 trimethylation and the factors that influence this mark. They discovered that H3K4me3 is an almost universal mark of the first nucleosome in every transcribed unit and all organisms. She could subsequently, together with the Kouzarides lab, identify SetD1, the enzyme that is responsible for writing this modification. Later on, the team characterized Isw1, a chromatin remodeler which “reads” H3K4me3. More recently the lab focuses on how the polymerase transcribes throughout the first nucleosomes of the transcribed region at the +2 nucleosome, with the help of Spt4.   References Santos-Rosa, H., Schneider, R., Bannister, A. J., Sherriff, J., Bernstein, B. E., Emre, N. C. T., Schreiber, S. L., Mellor, J., & Kouzarides, T. (2002). Active genes are tri-methylated at K4 of histone H3. Nature, 419(6905), 407–411. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature01080 Morillon, A., O'Sullivan, J., Azad, A., Proudfoot, N., & Mellor, J. (2003). Regulation of Elongating RNA Polymerase II by Forkhead Transcription Factors in Yeast. Science, 300(5618), 492–495. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1081379 Morillon, A., Karabetsou, N., O'Sullivan, J., Kent, N., Proudfoot, N., & Mellor, J. (2003). Isw1 Chromatin Remodeling ATPase Coordinates Transcription Elongation and Termination by RNA Polymerase II. Cell, 115(4), 425–435. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0092-8674(03)00880-8 Uzun, Ü., Brown, T., Fischl, H., Angel, A., & Mellor, J. (2021). Spt4 facilitates the movement of RNA polymerase II through the +2 nucleosomal barrier. Cell Reports, 36(13), 109755. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109755   Related Episodes Effects of Non-Enzymatic Covalent Histone Modifications on Chromatin (Yael David) Nutriepigenetics: The Effects of Diet on Behavior (Monica Dus) Epigenetic Origins Of Heterogeneity And Disease (Andrew Pospisilik)   Contact Active Motif on Twitter Epigenetics Podcast on Twitter Active Motif on LinkedIn Active Motif on Facebook Email: podcast@activemotif.com

In this episode of the Epigenetics Podcast, we caught up with Jane Skok from New York University School of Medicine to talk about her work on spatio-temporal alterations in chromosome dynamics. Studies demonstrating that nuclear organization and long-range chromatin interactions play essential roles in gene regulation have been the focus of the Skok Lab, where the team has played a leading role. Their initial studies focused on lymphocyte development and the control of V(D)J recombination, a key part of generating the diverse repertoire of B-cell antibodies and T-cell receptors. The Skok Lab was among the first to demonstrate the possibility of chromatin forming dynamic loops which lead to the formation of reversible intra-locus loops in the immunoglobulin and T-cell receptor loci and to a profound impact on the ability of B and T cells to generate receptor diversity.   References Roldán, E., Fuxa, M., Chong, W., Martinez, D., Novatchkova, M., Busslinger, M., & Skok, J. A. (2005). Locus “decontraction” and centromeric recruitment contribute to allelic exclusion of the immunoglobulin heavy-chain gene. Nature Immunology, 6(1), 31–41. https://doi.org/10.1038/ni1150 Skok, J. A. (2014). Taking a break from the lab: Can it really be done? Trends in Cell Biology, 24(12), 725–726. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tcb.2014.09.002 Proudhon, C., Snetkova, V., Raviram, R., Lobry, C., Badri, S., Jiang, T., Hao, B., Trimarchi, T., Kluger, Y., Aifantis, I., Bonneau, R., & Skok, J. A. (2016). Active and Inactive Enhancers Cooperate to Exert Localized and Long-Range Control of Gene Regulation. Cell Reports, 15(10), 2159–2169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2016.04.087 Lhoumaud, P., Sethia, G., Izzo, F., Sakellaropoulos, T., Snetkova, V., Vidal, S., Badri, S., Cornwell, M., Di Giammartino, D. C., Kim, K.-T., Apostolou, E., Stadtfeld, M., Landau, D. A., & Skok, J. (2019). EpiMethylTag: Simultaneous detection of ATAC-seq or ChIP-seq signals with DNA methylation. Genome Biology, 20(1), 248. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13059-019-1853-6 Nishana, M., Ha, C., Rodriguez-Hernaez, J., Ranjbaran, A., Chio, E., Nora, E. P., Badri, S. B., Kloetgen, A., Bruneau, B. G., Tsirigos, A., & Skok, J. A. (2020). Defining the relative and combined contribution of CTCF and CTCFL to genomic regulation. Genome Biology, 21(1), 108. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13059-020-02024-0   Related Episodes Identification of Functional Elements in the Genome (Bing Ren) Spatial Organization of the Human Genome (Wendy Bickmore) Chromatin Organization (Susan Gasser)   Contact Active Motif on Twitter Epigenetics Podcast on Twitter Active Motif on LinkedIn Active Motif on Facebook Email: podcast@activemotif.com

Un eccessivo consumo di sale può influenzare negativamente non solo il cuore, ma anche alcune aree del cervello. A dirlo uno studio dei ricercatori dell’Università Statale della Georgia pubblicato sulla rivista Cell Reports che commentiamo a Obiettivo Salute con il prof. Piero Barbanti, neurologo dell'Università Istituto scientifico San Raffaele di Roma

Police are hunting thieves who stole more than 40 exclusive bottles of wine from a famous Spanish restaurant hotel including one worth an estimated £262,000. The Chateau d'Yquem 1806, bought by the owners in an auction more than 20 years ago at Christie's London, was the most valuable of the wines taken. A man in Murcia was shocked to receive his monthly telephone bill showing a total of €19,500. The bill was eventually cancelled by the telephone company after a consumer organisation got involved in the dispute. The first fine for charging tenants a rent price above the limit set out by Catalan law has been handed out in Barcelona. Esteve and two other colleagues rented an apartment in Barcelona last December, paying €1,200 per month. That is until they discovered, with the help of the Sindicat de Llogateres (Tenant Union), that the price was €250 higher than the Catalan income containment law allows. A research group from the Severo Ochoa Molecular Biology Centre (CBMSO) has revealed the results of a study they conducted. It was published in the specialist publication, Cell Reports. This joint study by the Autonomous University of Madrid (UAM), and the Higher Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), has shown the therapeutic potential of a mouse parvovirus to infect and destroy human glioblastoma stem cells. Pilar Mateo, a Spanish researcher from the University of Valencia, with a PhD in Chemistry, has come up with a very effective form of prevention to control and eliminate insects – insecticidal paint! Throughout the world, mainly in tropical and equatorial regions, insect-borne diseases are a very serious problem. They cost the lives of hundreds of thousands of people every year, and at this time, there are no effective vaccines or treatments for most of them. The ongoing coronavirus pandemic has prompted many people to be more concerned about their health and diet. 86 per cent of Spaniards have admitted to this. Spaniards are far more concerned about their diet since the pandemic began than Germans, the British, the French and other nationalities. A staggering 63 per cent of Spaniards are aiming to “eat healthier” than they did before the pandemic began. Return of the handshake. The handshake is set to return after being “banned” early on in the coronavirus pandemic. Prime Minister Boris Johnson tested positive for the coronavirus only three weeks after having bragged about shaking hands “with everyone” at a hospital.

Police are hunting thieves who stole more than 40 exclusive bottles of wine from a famous Spanish restaurant hotel including one worth an estimated £262,000. The Chateau d'Yquem 1806, bought by the owners in an auction more than 20 years ago at Christie's London, was the most valuable of the wines taken. A man in Murcia was shocked to receive his monthly telephone bill showing a total of €19,500. The bill was eventually cancelled by the telephone company after a consumer organisation got involved in the dispute. The first fine for charging tenants a rent price above the limit set out by Catalan law has been handed out in Barcelona. Esteve and two other colleagues rented an apartment in Barcelona last December, paying €1,200 per month. That is until they discovered, with the help of the Sindicat de Llogateres (Tenant Union), that the price was €250 higher than the Catalan income containment law allows. A research group from the Severo Ochoa Molecular Biology Centre (CBMSO) has revealed the results of a study they conducted. It was published in the specialist publication, Cell Reports. This joint study by the Autonomous University of Madrid (UAM), and the Higher Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), has shown the therapeutic potential of a mouse parvovirus to infect and destroy human glioblastoma stem cells. Pilar Mateo, a Spanish researcher from the University of Valencia, with a PhD in Chemistry, has come up with a very effective form of prevention to control and eliminate insects – insecticidal paint! Throughout the world, mainly in tropical and equatorial regions, insect-borne diseases are a very serious problem. They cost the lives of hundreds of thousands of people every year, and at this time, there are no effective vaccines or treatments for most of them.The ongoing coronavirus pandemic has prompted many people to be more concerned about their health and diet. 86 per cent of Spaniards have admitted to this. Spaniards are far more concerned about their diet since the pandemic began than Germans, the British, the French and other nationalities.A staggering 63 per cent of Spaniards are aiming to “eat healthier” than they did before the pandemic began. Return of the handshake. The handshake is set to return after being “banned” early on in the coronavirus pandemic. Prime Minister Boris Johnson tested positive for the coronavirus only three weeks after having bragged about shaking hands “with everyone” at a hospital.Throughout the pandemic, many people have focused on hand hygiene. For many people, it is their natural instinct to shake someone's hand when they meet. For months now people have avoided handshakes. It looks like now though the handshake is set to make its return.

In this episode of the Epigenetics Podcast, we caught up with Camila dos Santos from Cold Spring Harbor Laboratories to talk about her work on enhancers and chromatin remodeling in mammary gland development. The lab of Camila dos Santos focuses on epigenetic regulation of normal and malignant mammary gland development. After puberty, the next significant phase in mammary gland development occurs in pregnancy, including changes in cellular function, and tissue reorganization. A different and as significant change in mammary glands occurs in the development breast cancer. Camila dos Santos and her lab were recently able to show that the reaction of mammary glands to a second pregnancy is different than to a first one, which is accompanied by changes in the DNA methylome of the cells. Furthermore, the lab studies the connection of pregnancy-induced epigenetic changes of chromatin and the risk of cancer development.   References dos Santos, C. O., Rebbeck, C., Rozhkova, E., Valentine, A., Samuels, A., Kadiri, L. R., Osten, P., Harris, E. Y., Uren, P. J., Smith, A. D., & Hannon, G. J. (2013). Molecular hierarchy of mammary differentiation yields refined markers of mammary stem cells. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 110(18), 7123–7130. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1303919110 dos Santos, C. O., Dolzhenko, E., Hodges, E., Smith, A. D., & Hannon, G. J. (2015). An Epigenetic Memory of Pregnancy in the Mouse Mammary Gland. Cell Reports, 11(7), 1102–1109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2015.04.015 Feigman, M. J., Moss, M. A., Chen, C., Cyrill, S. L., Ciccone, M. F., Trousdell, M. C., Yang, S.-T., Frey, W. D., Wilkinson, J. E., & dos Santos, C. O. (2020). Pregnancy reprograms the epigenome of mammary epithelial cells and blocks the development of premalignant lesions. Nature Communications, 11(1), 2649. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-16479-z   Related Episodes Ultraconserved Enhancers and Enhancer Redundancy (Diane Dickel) Epigenetic Regulation of Stem Cell Self-Renewal and Differentiation (Peggy Goodell) Cancer and Epigenetics (David Jones)   Contact Active Motif on Twitter Epigenetics Podcast on Twitter Active Motif on LinkedIn Active Motif on Facebook Email: podcast@activemotif.com

Learn about how people synchronize their heart rates when listening to a story; and vampire bats meeting up for meals. You're invited to join Cody Gough and Ashley Hamer for a special live stream celebration to commemorate the release of Curiosity Daily's 1,000th episode next week! Register for free here: https://www.eventbrite.com/e/curiosity-dailys-1000th-episode-celebration-tickets-191163133077  People synchronize their heart rates when listening to a story, even when they're in different places by Grant Currin  When Choirs Sing, Many Hearts Beat As One. (2013, July 10). NPR.org. https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2013/07/09/200390454/when-choirs-sing-many-hearts-beat-as-one  ‌UCL. (2017, November 17). Audience members' hearts beat together at the theatre. UCL Psychology and Language Sciences. https://www.ucl.ac.uk/pals/news/2017/nov/audience-members-hearts-beat-together-theatre  Pérez, P., Madsen, J., Banellis, L., Türker, B., Raimondo, F., Perlbarg, V., Valente, M., Niérat, M.-C., Puybasset, L., Naccache, L., Similowski, T., Cruse, D., Parra, L. C., & Sitt, J. D. (2021). Conscious processing of narrative stimuli synchronizes heart rate between individuals. Cell Reports, 36(11), 109692. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109692  Tibi Puiu. (2021, September 14). Our heart rates synchronize when closely listening to the same stories. ZME Science; ZME Science. https://www.zmescience.com/medicine/mind-and-brain/our-heart-rates-synchronize-when-closely-listening-to-the-same-stories/  ‌The Project Gutenberg E-text of Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea (slightly abridged), by Jules Verne. (2016). Gutenberg.org. https://www.gutenberg.org/files/164/164-h/164-h.htm  Vampire bats meet up with friends for lunch by Grant Currin Vampire bats may coordinate with “friends” over a bite to eat. (2021, September 23). EurekAlert! https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/928884  Ripperger, S. P., & Carter, G. G. (2021). Social foraging in vampire bats is predicted by long-term cooperative relationships. PLOS Biology, 19(9), e3001366. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3001366  ‌Spivack, E. (2021, September 28). Vampire bats rendezvous with their friends when dining out. Popular Science. https://www.popsci.com/animals/vampire-bats-eat-together/  Vampire bat adoption episode: https://www.curiositydaily.com/vampire-bats-adopt-babies-too/  Follow Curiosity Daily on your favorite podcast app to learn something new every day withCody Gough andAshley Hamer. Still curious? Get exclusive science shows, nature documentaries, and more real-life entertainment on discovery+! Go to https://discoveryplus.com/curiosity to start your 7-day free trial. discovery+ is currently only available for US subscribers. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Cada vez se demuestra con mayor evidencias que una dieta sana nos ayudaría a prevenir muchas enfermedades en el futuro, incluyendo una de las más extendidas del mundo como lo es el Alzheimer. Un estudio publicado recientemente en Cell Reports muestra evidencias de que el cambio en la alimentación es beneficioso a la hora de combatir el Alzheimer, en concreto el consumo de la vitamina B12. Con el informe Bianca Vaquero.

Vědci z lékařské fakulty univerzity v Minnesotě doložili, že lidem, kteří prodělali covid-19, se po první dávce očkování mRNA vakcínou tvoří více paměťových B buněk než těm po dvou dávkách, kteří nemoc neměli. Studie o tom vyšla v časopise Cell Reports.

Learn about simple solutions for resolving human-wildlife conflict; and how exposure to sunlight can increase romance. Plus: Trivia! More from “America's funniest science writer” Mary Roach: Pick up "Fuzz: When Nature Breaks the Law" at your local bookstore to learn more about the weird world of human-wildlife conflict: https://www.indiebound.org/book/9781324001935  Mary Roach's official website: https://maryroach.net/  Follow @mary_roach on Twitter: https://twitter.com/mary_roach  Exposure to sunlight releases sexy hormones, leading to more romantic passion by Grant Currin Exposure to sunlight enhances romantic passion in humans. (2021, August 25). EurekAlert! https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/926348  Parikh, R., Sorek, E., Parikh, S., Michael, K., Bikovski, L., Tshori, S., Shefer, G., Mingelgreen, S., Zornitzki, T., Knobler, H., Chodick, G., Mardamshina, M., Boonman, A., Kronfeld-Schor, N., Bar-Joseph, H., Ben-Yosef, D., Amir, H., Pavlovsky, M., Matz, H., & Ben-Dov, T. (2021). Skin exposure to UVB light induces a skin-brain-gonad axis and sexual behavior. Cell Reports, 36(8), 109579. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109579  Episodes referenced in Curiosity Challenge Trivia game: One purchase leads to more: https://www.curiositydaily.com/diderot-effect-animated-cave-art-running-benefits-your-knees/  Cells kill bacteria: https://www.curiositydaily.com/mapping-the-ocean-soap-making-cells-crows-comprehend-zero/  Mountains on neutron stars: https://www.curiositydaily.com/backward-letters-dogs-detect-lies-neutron-star-mountains/  Follow Curiosity Daily on your favorite podcast app to learn something new every day withCody Gough andAshley Hamer. Still curious? Get exclusive science shows, nature documentaries, and more real-life entertainment on discovery+! Go to https://discoveryplus.com/curiosity to start your 7-day free trial. discovery+ is currently only available for US subscribers. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Your brain and gut are connected in surprising ways. Inside your GI tract is a surprisingly complex nervous system. Your GI tract has it's own nervous system which is more like the spine than other organs. How does your GI tract differ from other soft hollow organs? The connection between gut microbiomes and brains is clear, but not well understood. Certain microbes can cause neurodegeneration in brains just as bad as a poor diet and no oxygen. How can we stop brains copy and pasting toxic byproducts across our brains? Proteins keep our brains in check and prevent build up of toxic byproducts, but this can be used to put the brakes on neurodegeneration.   References: Nick J. Spencer, Lee Travis, Lukasz Wiklendt, Marcello Costa, Timothy J. Hibberd, Simon J. Brookes, Phil Dinning, Hongzhen Hu, David A. Wattchow, Julian Sorensen. Long range synchronization within the enteric nervous system underlies propulsion along the large intestine in mice. Communications Biology, 2021; 4 (1) DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02485-4 Christine A. Olson, Alonso J. Iñiguez, Grace E. Yang, Ping Fang, Geoffrey N. Pronovost, Kelly G. Jameson, Tomiko K. Rendon, Jorge Paramo, Jacob T. Barlow, Rustem F. Ismagilov, Elaine Y. Hsiao. Alterations in the gut microbiota contribute to cognitive impairment induced by the ketogenic diet and hypoxia. Cell Host & Microbe, 2021; DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2021.07.004 Chingakham Ranjit Singh, M. Rebecca Glineburg, Chelsea Moore, Naoki Tani, Rahul Jaiswal, Ye Zou, Eric Aube, Sarah Gillaspie, Mackenzie Thornton, Ariana Cecil, Madelyn Hilgers, Azuma Takasu, Izumi Asano, Masayo Asano, Carlos R. Escalante, Akira Nakamura, Peter K. Todd, Katsura Asano. Human oncoprotein 5MP suppresses general and repeat-associated non-AUG translation via eIF3 by a common mechanism. Cell Reports, 2021; 36 (2): 109376 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109376

Learn how your brain replays the things you've practiced at 20 times speed; and an engine that uses information as fuel. On your practice breaks, your brain replays memories of your practice session at 20x speed by Kelsey Donk Human brain replays new memories at 20 times the speed during waking rest. (2021). EurekAlert! https://eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2021-06/cp-hbr060321.php  Buch, E. R., Claudino, L., Quentin, R., Bönstrup, M., & Cohen, L. G. (2021). Consolidation of human skill linked to waking hippocampo-neocortical replay. Cell Reports, 35(10), 109193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109193  Scientists built an ultrafast engine that they claim uses information as fuel by Briana Brownell Ratner, P. (2021, May 24). Researchers design an engine that uses information as fuel. Big Think; Big Think. https://bigthink.com/surprising-science/fastest-ever-information-engine  ‌World's fastest information-fuelled engine designed by SFU researchers - University Communications - Simon Fraser University. (2021). www.sfu.ca. http://www.sfu.ca/university-communications/issues-experts/2021/05/world-s-fastest-information-fuelled-engine-designed-by-sfu-resea.html  ‌Saha, T. K., Lucero, J. N. E., Ehrich, J., Sivak, D. A., & Bechhoefer, J. (2021). Maximizing power and velocity of an information engine. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 118(20), e2023356118. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2023356118  Follow Curiosity Daily on your favorite podcast app to learn something new every day withCody Gough andAshley Hamer. Still curious? Get exclusive science shows, nature documentaries, and more real-life entertainment on discovery+! Go to https://discoveryplus.com/curiosity to start your 7-day free trial. discovery+ is currently only available for US subscribers. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Traditional Japanese food may hold building blocks of COVID-19 treatments Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, July 21, 2021 Natto, a fermented soybean dish often served for breakfast in Japan, originated at the turn of the last millennium but may hold an answer to a modern problem: COVID-19, according to a new study based on cell cultures.  Long thought to contribute to longer, healthier lives across Japan -- the country with the longest life expectancy on Earth and home to more than a quarter of the world's population aged 65 years or older -- natto was previously found to be a diet staple in those who were least likely to die from stroke or cardiac disease. Now, researchers have found that extract made from the sticky, strong smelling natto may inhibit the ability of the virus that causes COVID-19 to infect cells.  The team published its results on July 13th in Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications.  "Traditionally, Japanese people have assumed that natto is beneficial for their health," said paper author Tetsuya Mizutani, director of the Center for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Prevention Research at the Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (CEPiR-TUAT). "In recent years, research studies have revealed scientific evidence for this belief. In this study, we investigated natto's antiviral effects on SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, and bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1), which causes respiratory disease in cattle." Natto is made by fermenting soybeans with Bacillus subtilis, a bacteria found in plant and in soil. The researchers prepared two natto extracts from the food, one with heat and one without. They applied the extracts to sets of lab-cultured cells from cattle and from humans. One set was infected with SARS-CoV-2, while the other set was infected with BHV-1.  When treated with the natto extract made without heat, both SARS-CoV-2 and BHV-1 lost the ability to infect cells. However, neither virus appeared to be affected by the heat-treated natto extract.  "We found what appears to be a protease or proteases -- proteins that metabolize other proteins -- in the natto extract directly digests the receptor binding domain on the spike protein in SARS-CoV-2," Mizutani said, noting that the protease appears to break down in heat, losing the ability to digest proteins and letting the virus remain infectious.  The spike protein sits on the virus's surface and binds to a receptor on host cells. With an inactive spike protein, SARS-CoV-2 cannot infect healthy cells. The researchers found a similar effect on BHV-1.  "We also confirmed that the natto extract has the same digestive effects on the receptor binding domain proteins of the SARS-CoV-2 mutated strains, such as the Alpha variant," Mizutani said.  While the results are promising, Mizutani said, he also cautioned that further studies are needed to identify the exact molecular mechanisms at work. He also stressed that the research does not provide any evidence of reduced viral infection simply by eating natto. Once the components are identified and their functions verified, the researchers plan to advance their work to clinical studies in animal models.  "Although there are vaccines for COVID-19, we do not know how they effective they may be against every variant," Mizutani said. "It will also take time to vaccinate everyone, and there are still reports of breakthrough cases, so we need to make treatments for those who develop COVID-19. This work may offer a big hint for such pharmaceutical design."       Excess caffeine intake may be linked to an increased risk of osteoporosis   University of South Australia, July 19, 2021 University of South Australia researchers have a bone to pick when it comes to drinking too much coffee as new research finds that excess caffeine may be linked to an increased risk of osteoporosis. Investigating the effects of coffee on how the kidneys regulate calcium in the body, researchers found that high doses of caffeine (800 mg) consumed over a six-hour period almost doubled the amount of calcium lost in the urine. This is the first study to report the impact of high-dose, short-term caffeine intake on renal clearance of calcium, sodium, and creatinine in healthy adults. UniSA's Dr. Hayley Schultz says with the emergence of an increasing "coffee culture" it's important for people to understand the impacts of what they are putting into their bodies. "Caffeine is one of the most widely used recreational drugs in the world, with 80 percent of adults consuming at least one caffeinated beverage per day," Dr. Schultz says. "It's a common stimulant, consumed by professionals, parents, shift workers, and teenagers alike to start their day and stay alert—even the military use caffeine to help combat sleepiness.  "But while coffee has its perks, it's also important to acknowledge its fallbacks—one of them being how our kidneys handle calcium. "Our research found that people who consume 800 mg of caffeine over a typical working day will have a 77 percent increase in calcium in their urine, creating a potential deficiency that could impact their bones." Osteoporosis is a chronic, painful, and debilitating disease which makes your bones less dense and more susceptible to fracture. More common in women, it occurs when bones lose calcium and other minerals faster than the body can replace them. In Australia, an estimated 924,000 people have osteoporosis. The double-blind clinical study saw participants chew caffeine or a placebo gum for five minutes at two-hour intervals over a six-hour treatment period (total caffeine 800 mg). While the primary research objective was to examine the impact of caffeine consumption on wakefulness and other factors, this sub-study aimed to evaluate the impact of caffeine consumption on the renal clearance of calcium. Co-researcher, UniSA's Dr. Stephanie Reuter Lange says understanding the long-term impacts of high caffeine consumption is especially important for higher risk groups. "The average daily intake of caffeine is about 200 mg—roughly two cups of coffee. While drinking eight cups of coffee may seem a lot (800 mg of caffeine), there are groups who would fall into this category," Dr. Reuter Lange says. "People at risk could include teenagers who binge-consume energy drinks are at are at risk because their bones are still developing; professional athletes who use caffeine for performance enhancement; as well as post-menopausal women who often have low blood calcium levels due to hormonal changes and lack sufficient daily dietary calcium intake. "Increasingly, we are also seeing high levels of caffeine among shiftworkers who need to stay alert over the night-time hours, as well as those in the military who use caffeine to combat sleep deprivation in operational settings. "Caffeine in moderation certainly has its pros. But understanding how excess consumption could increase the risks of a highly preventable disease such as osteoporosis, is important." From here, researchers will explore and predict the impact of different levels of caffeine intake on short- and long-term bone health, with the aim to inform dietary guidelines in Australia.     From heart to diabetes, these are the health benefits of strawberries University of Nevada, July 16, 2021 Dietary berries, such as strawberries, are rich in bioactive compounds and have been shown to lower cardiometabolic risk. We examined the effects of two dietary achievable doses of strawberries on glycemic control and lipid profiles in obese adults with elevated serum LDL cholesterol (LDL-C).  Methods: In this 14-week randomized controlled crossover study, participants were assigned to one of the three arms for four weeks separated by a one-week washout period: control powder, one serving (low dose: 13 g strawberry powder/day), or two-and-a -half servings (high dose: 32 g strawberry powder/day). Participants were instructed to follow their usual diet and lifestyle while refraining from consuming other berries and related products throughout the study interval. Blood samples, anthropometric measures, blood pressure, and dietary and physical activity data were collected at baseline and at the end of each four-week phase of intervention.  Results: In total, 33 participants completed all three phases of the trial [(mean ± SD): Age: 53 ± 13 y; BMI: 33 ± 3.0 kg/m2). Findings revealed significant reductions in fasting insulin (p = 0.0002) and homeostatic model of assessment of insulin resistance (p = 0.0003) following the high dose strawberry phase when compared to the low dose strawberry and control phases. Glucose and conventional lipid profiles did not differ among the phases. Nuclear magnetic resonance-determined particle concentrations of total VLDL and chylomicrons, small VLDL, and total and small LDL were significantly decreased after the high dose strawberry phase, compared to control and low dose phases (all p < 0.0001). Among the biomarkers of inflammation and adipokines measured, only serum PAI-1 showed a decrease after the high dose strawberry phase (p = 0.002). Conclusions: These data suggest that consuming strawberries at two-and-a-half servings for four weeks significantly improves insulin resistance, lipid particle profiles, and serum PAI-1 in obese adults with elevated serum LDL-C.     Omega 3 has beneficial effects on reducing relapse rate, inflammatory markers in MS patients Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (Saudi Arabia), July 14, 2021 According to news originating from Dammam, Saudi Arabia, research stated, “Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease that affects the central nervous system, resulting in the degradation of the myelin sheath. Diet especially fish oils and omega-3 has been found to play an important role in MS.” Our news journalists obtained a quote from the research from Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, “This work aimed to review the literature systematically for evidence on the effect of omega-3 fatty acids (EPA, DPA and DHA) on MS progression in adults. The literature search was conducted in PubMed, Oxford, Cochrane, Embase, International pharmaceutical abstract, PsychINFO, and clinical trials government. The inclusions were studies performed on humans both male and female, aged 18 years at minimum, diagnosed with MS according to McDonald 2010 criteria. Otherwise, all studies were excluded. A total of 5554 studies were screened and seven were thoroughly focused on as they typically met the inclusion criteria. These studies showed the beneficial roles of fish oil supplementation and omega-3 fatty acids in improving the quality of life of MS patients. These roles were attributed to their beneficial effects on inflammatory markers, glutathione reductase, reducing the relapsing rate, and achieving balanced omega-6 to omega-3 ratios.” According to the news editors, the research concluded: “Omega-3 and fish oils supplementations have beneficial effects on reducing the relapsing rate, inflammatory markers, and improving the quality of life for MS patients.” This research has been peer-reviewed.           Championing chrononutrition with protein, the morning elixir for muscle growth Waseda University (Japan), July 20, 2021 Proteins constitute an essential dietary component that help in the growth and repair of the body. Composed of long chains of amino acids, proteins promote the growth of skeletal muscles, the group of muscles that help us move. Humans have been aware of the benefits of proteins for long. However, recent studies have shown that having the right amount of protein at the right time of the day is essential for proper growth. This is called 'Chrononutrition,' in which when you eat is as important as what and how you eat. The reason behind this is the body's internal biological clock, called the 'circadian rhythm'. This rhythm is followed by all cells and controls life functions like metabolism and growth. Interestingly, protein digestion and absorption have been found to fluctuate across day and night according to this clock. Moreover, earlier studies have reported that intake of protein at breakfast and lunch promotes skeletal muscle growth in adults. However, details on the effect of the time of protein intake on muscle growth and function have remained elusive till date. Fortunately, researchers from Waseda University, led by Professor Shigenobu Shibata, recently endeavored to understand the effect of the distribution of protein intake through the day on muscles. They fed laboratory mice two meals per day containing either high (11.5% by proportion) or low (8.5% by proportion) protein concentrations. The researchers noted that protein intake at breakfast induced an increase in muscle growth, determined by assessing induced hypertrophy of the plantaris muscle in the leg, when compared with the effects of protein intake at dinner. Specifically, the ratio of muscle hypertrophy determined against the growth of the control muscle was 17% higher in mice fed 8.5% protein at breakfast, than that in mice fed 11.5% protein at dinner, despite the former group consuming a low proportion of protein overall. They also found that intake of a type of protein called the BCCA, short for branched-chain amino acids, early in the day increased the size of skeletal muscles specifically. To confirm the association of these effects with the workings of the circadian rhythm, the researchers next engineered whole-body mutant ClockΔ19 or muscle-specific Bmal1 knockout mice lacking the genes that control the biological clock. They repeated diet distribution experiments on these mice but did not observe similar muscle change, which confirmed the involvement of the circadian rhythm in muscle growth in the context of protein intake. Excited about the findings of their study published in a recent issue of the Cell Reports, Prof. Shibata emphasizes, "Protein-rich diet at an early phase of the daily active period, that is at breakfast, is important to maintain skeletal muscle health and enhance muscle volume and grip strength." To check if their findings were applicable to humans, the team recruited women in their study and tested if their muscle function, determined by measuring skeletal muscle index (SMI) and grip strength, varied with the timing of the protein-rich diet consumed. Sixty women aged 65 years and above who took protein at breakfast rather than at dinner showed better muscle functions, suggesting the possibility of the findings to be true across species. Additionally, the researchers also found a strong association between SMI and the proportion of protein intake at breakfast relative to total protein intake through the day. Prof. Shibata is hopeful that the findings of their study will lead to a widespread modification in the current diet regime of most people across the Western and Asian countries, who traditionally consume low amounts of protein at breakfast. He therefore stresses, "For humans, in general, the protein intake at breakfast averages about 15 grams, which is less than what we consume at dinner, which is roughly 28 grams. Our findings strongly support changing this norm and consuming more protein at breakfast or morning snacking time."   Ginseng compound exerts neuroprotective effects Gachon University (South Korea), July 16, 2021 According to news reporting from Gyeonggi Do, South Korea, research stated, “Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the accumulation of b-amyloid plaques and hyperphosphorylated tau proteins in the brain.” The news correspondents obtained a quote from the research from Gachon University: “Cell signaling pathways such as PI3K/Akt are known to play an essential role in regulating cell survival, motility, transcription, metabolism, and progression of the cell cycle. Recent studies demonstrated that the disruption of these signaling pathways in neurodegenerative disorders leads to oxidative stress and cell death. Targeting these altered signaling pathways could be considered as the therapeutic approach for neurodegenerative disorders. Ginsenoside Rh1 is known to provide beneficial effects in various diseases such as cancer, diabetes, and inflammation. In this study, human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells were treated with the b-amyloid oligomers alone or in combination with ginsenoside Rh1. We observed that ginsenoside Rh1 was able to attenuate b-amyloid induced oxidative stress and cell death by activating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.” According to the news reporters, the research concluded: “Based on these findings, we suggest that ginsenoside Rh1 might be an efficacious therapeutic agent for AD.”     Many kinds of happiness promote better health, study finds Weill Cornell University of Medicine, July 21, 2021  A new study links the capacity to feel a variety of upbeat emotions to better health. The research suggests people who experience a range of positive emotions in their daily lives – from enthusiasm to cheerfulness and calm – have lower levels of inflammation, compared to those who experience a narrower range of emotions. Lower levels of inflammation are linked to a lower risk of premature death and chronic diseases like diabetes. The researchers drew on analytic approaches used to measure the biodiversity of ecosystems. Their study was published June 22 in the journal Emotion. "There are many kinds of happiness, and experiencing a diversity of emotional states might reduce a person's vulnerability to psychopathology by preventing any one emotion from dominating their emotional life," said lead author Anthony Ong, professor of human development in the College of Human Ecology and professor of geriatrics and palliative medicine at Weill Cornell Medicine. Little is known about the biological processes through which emotional experiences influence health outcomes. This study sought to fill a bit of that gap. Specifically, the study sheds light on one potential biological pathway – systemic inflammation – through which diversity in everyday positive emotional experiences might "get under the skin" to influence long-term health. Ong and his colleagues analyzed the connection between "emodiversity" – the breadth and abundance of different emotions people experience – and markers of inflammation in the body. A person with low emodiversity feels about the same through most of the day, with emotions concentrated in just a few categories. In contrast, a person with high emodiversity feels a range of emotions throughout the day, distributed evenly across the spectrum of feelings. The researchers analyzed data from 175 people ages 40 to 65 who reported on their negative and positive emotions for 30 days. Each evening, they rated the extent to which they had experienced 16 positive emotions that day, from interested and determined to happy, excited, amused, inspired, alert, active and strong. They were also asked to rate their experience of 16 negative emotions, including scared, afraid, upset, distressed, jittery, nervous and ashamed. Their blood was drawn six months later and was tested for three inflammation markers that circulate in the blood. Their range of negative emotions – regardless of whether it was narrow or wide – had no effect on inflammation. But people in the study who reported a wide range of positive emotions had lower levels of inflammation than those who said they felt a narrower range. "Emotions serve functional roles for individuals, helping them prioritize and regulate behavior in ways that optimize adjustment to situational demands," Ong said. "Our findings suggest that depletion or overabundance of positive emotions, in particular, has consequences for the functioning and health of one's emotional ecosystem." Growing evidence from other research has linked emotional processes with systemic inflammation, which has been shown to contribute to poor health, such as atherosclerosis, diabetes, rheumatoid disease and osteoporosis, and leads to a number of processes that play a major role in premature death. How can these findings help one achieve better health? Label your good feelings as you experience them, Ong said. "The simple daily practice of labeling and categorizing good feelings in specific terms may help us experience more differentiated emotions in different contexts," Ong said.

生活经验告诉我们，劳逸结合很重要，适当放松能让人以更好的状态投入学习、工作。近日发表的一项新研究还发现，在清醒的休息状态，大脑活动能够以 20 倍的速度“回放”刚刚学过的动作序列，这个过程可能对记忆巩固非常重要。该研究 6 月 8 日在《细胞报告》（Cell Reports）发表。

生活经验告诉我们，劳逸结合很重要，适当放松能让人以更好的状态投入学习、工作。近日发表的一项新研究还发现，在清醒的休息状态，大脑活动能够以 20 倍的速度“回放”刚刚学过的动作序列，这个过程可能对记忆巩固非常重要。该研究 6 月 8 日在《细胞报告》（Cell Reports）发表。

生活经验告诉我们，劳逸结合很重要，适当放松能让人以更好的状态投入学习、工作。近日发表的一项新研究还发现，在清醒的休息状态，大脑活动能够以 20 倍的速度“回放”刚刚学过的动作序列，这个过程可能对记忆巩固非常重要。该研究 6 月 8 日在《细胞报告》（Cell Reports）发表。

生活经验告诉我们，劳逸结合很重要，适当放松能让人以更好的状态投入学习、工作。近日发表的一项新研究还发现，在清醒的休息状态，大脑活动能够以 20 倍的速度“回放”刚刚学过的动作序列，这个过程可能对记忆巩固非常重要。该研究 6 月 8 日在《细胞报告》（Cell Reports）发表。

Summary In this episode we explore why 10,000 hours of practice isn't perfect, and how we can make practice better. Transcript Hello and welcome to episode 117 of the Leadership Today podcast where each week we bring research to life in your leadership. In this episode we explore why 10,000 hours of practice isn't perfect, and how we can make practice better. “Practice makes perfect” - at least that's how the old saying goes. In fact, you've probably also heard that 10,000 hours of practice makes you an expert or master. The 10,000 hours figure was popularised by one of my favourite writers, Malcolm Gladwell, in his book Outliers: The Story of Success. While the general principle is right - that practice is an essential part of becoming an expert - the exact number of hours is at best arbitrary. The quoted figure is based on the work of Alders Ericsson who observed that the most accomplished violin students he studied had put in, on average, 10,000 hours of practice by the time they were 20 years old. Importantly, 10,000 hours was an average rather than a minimum standard. Ericsson found that some violin students had practiced significantly more, and some significantly less, than 10,000 hours to achieve that level of expertise. Even at that point they still all had room to go to truly become experts. And, as Ericsson noted, not all practice is created equal. Undertaking mechanical repetition - just doing the same thing over and over - doesn't improve performance much at all. Undertaking deliberate practice - where we focus on making changes and trying new things to move us towards a goal - is much better. Not every hour of practice is equal. We also start from different points. If I put 10,000 hours into practicing a 100 metre sprint at this point in my life, I'm still highly unlikely to reach a truly competitive level. I will improve, for sure. But I won't become what would be considered to be an expert or master.  To illustrate this point, cognitive psychologists Campitelli and Gobet, found that reaching a master level in chess took some people up to 16,120 hours of practice. For others the same level of accomplishment came after just 728 hours. There is a wide range and people clearly don't start from the same point. When trying to come up with a figure, they estimated the amount of deliberate practice required to reach a master level is closer to an average of 3,000 hours.  Recent research also shows that it's not just what we do when we're practicing that helps us to improve. A study published in Cell Reports just this week demonstrates that short rests while practicing improves performance. For example, they had participants practice a short piano note sequence for 10 seconds. When they introduced a 10 second rest period between practice periods, performance improved markedly. Their study showed that the brain effectively kept replaying compressed versions of the task during the break. In fact, the ‘neural replay' was 20 times faster than the physical activity itself. They found this effect most pronounced when the rest periods were between periods of practice, rather than just at the end of the practice. It's as if the brain is virtually rehearsing the finger movements extremely quickly in our heads when we provide the chance for our hands to rest. The whole article is a great read if you have an interest in neuroscience. As always, the reference is in the show notes. So, whether you're learning something yourself or teaching others, here are some tips: Start with the ‘why' of practice - what is the broader goal we are working towards? This helps people to focus and sustain effort. Make the practice deliberate. What is the goal of today's practice? What are we going to vary or try out? Don't become stuck in mechanical repetition. Learn from a range of people. Sometimes the way one person explains something may not work for you. It's always good to get tips from a few people. Take breaks. Give your brain a chance to rehearse and consolidate what you are learning. Keep reading Malcolm Gladwell. Sure, the whole 10,000 hours thing was a bit overstated, but he is brilliant at extending your thinking into new areas in an entertaining way. Never let facts get in the way of a good story. Have a great week.   References Ethan R. Buch, Leonardo Claudino, Romain Quentin, Marlene Bönstrup, Leonardo G. Cohen. Consolidation of human skill linked to waking hippocampo-neocortical replay. Cell Reports, 2021; 35 (10): 109193 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109193 Campitelli, G. J., & Gobet, F. (2011). Deliberate practice: Necessary but not sufficient. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 20(5), 280-285. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0963721411421922 Gladwell, Malcolm, (2008). Outliers : the story of success. New York :Little, Brown and Company. SIGN UP FOR A FREE 30 DAY TRIAL OF LEADERSHIP TODAY ON-DEMAND

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance and insufficient insulin release from pancreatic islet β (beta) cells. But is T2D a result of a loss of β cells or a decline in β cell function? In this live session, let's discuss a study published in Cell Reports.For more information, contact us at 859-721-1414 or myhealth@prevmedheartrisk.com. Also, check out the following resources:  ·PrevMed's website·PrevMed's YouTube channel·PrevMed's Facebook page

Authentic Biochemistry Podcast 27 April 2021 References Clin Diagn Lab Immunol. 2003 Jan;10(1):13-8 J Exp Med (2012) 209 (1): 187–199. Cell Reports 2020. V 30, (Issue 5) :1585-1597.e6 --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/dr-daniel-j-guerra/message Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/dr-daniel-j-guerra/support

The COVID-19 pandemic continues to worsen by most objective measures. We're breaking records for cases, deaths, and hospitalizations on a regular basis, and many of our hospitals are operating at or near capacity. Further complicating the situation, scientists are tracking the “UK variant” that is more transmissible, and our vaccine distribution has fallen well short of expectations. Emergent problems in a deepening crisis, of course, make us vulnerable to knee-jerk reactions that distract us from the known path to getting the pandemic under control. On this episode, we're talking with virologist Dr. Angela Rasmussen about these emergent issues. She helps us to understand what they mean and puts them in context by pointing out the good things that are happening too. First and foremost, the vaccines are more efficacious than expected (i.e., around 95%). Second, the “UK variant”, while worrisome, has not evolved in any way that makes existing, non-pharmaceutical interventions less effective (e.g., masks, social-distancing, avoid crowds, clean high-touch surfaces, etc.).   The UK Strain Dr. Rasmussen tells us that the B.1.1.7 strain, better known as the “UK variant”, is worrisome. However, travel bans aren't an effective response to the new COVID-19 variant. The new strain was detected first in the UK, but that is likely because the UK is doing more genomic surveillance than most countries. They found it because they were looking, but it could have originated elsewhere. Dr. Rasmussen explains “travel bans are only really effective when you can guarantee that you would not be exporting the virus from one place to another”. And since we don't know for sure where the variant first-evolved, or where it has spread to, there is simply no way to design an effective travel ban. We also discuss:   How viruses mutate and evolve Why the new variant is believed to be more transmissible Potential behavior components that may have impacted the numbers That the known, non-pharmaceutical interventions work against every variant of SARS coronavirus (i.e., the virus hasn't mutated in a way that makes our masks, social-distancing, etc. less effective). We should double-down on those now.   Communicating Science to the Public We continue to examine communications lessons that can be learned from the COVID-19 pandemic. Dr Rasmussen tells us that scientists and media tend to make one of two mistakes:   They default to the worst case scenario and communicate in a very reactionary way They oversimplify things, trying to get the public to understand and comply with certain behaviors   Both approaches create gaps in understanding and acceptance of our message. To mitigate these issues, Dr. Rasmussen tells us to think about three key things whenever we're communicating science to the public:   Talk openly about what we don't know, and about the nuances, so that people become more comfortable with uncertainty End every message with actionable advice. Tell them what they can and should do right now to protect themselves. Repeat the message over and over. In a constantly evolving environment, we may be tempted to jump from topic to topic. Our messaging should always be grounded in the tried and true (e.g., the non-pharmaceutical interventions discussed earlier)   Vaccine Challenges We're dealing with a triple threat when it comes to the vaccine. First, we have our current distribution problems. There are vaccines available and they are being administered much more slowly than we'd like. Second, there are known supply challenges that could worsen if/when we alleviate the distribution delays. Third, we're dealing with vaccine “hesitancy” and the recent discussions around changing dosing regimens, despite the fact that we have no data to support those changes, might cast further doubt for those on the fence. Dr. Rasmussen shares her thoughts on these high-level issues, and gets into the details of each:   What is causing our distribution problems, and what are the steps that can be taken right now? What do we know about the potential for widespread supply issues, and how are our current efforts to head them off distracting us from the distribution problem we have right now? What will it take to achieve herd immunity and slow, or stop community transmission? Why the vaccine is a medium-to-long-term solution, and the importance of redoubling our efforts on non-pharmaceutical interventions to slow community spread in the near-term How we can use the tried-and-true epidemiological path, in conjunction with vaccination to slow community transmission and get us on the right path in the foreseeable future   Dr. Angela Rasmussen Dr. Rasmussen is a virologist studying host responses to infection by combining classical virology with modern systems biology approaches. Her research objectives are to identify host response signatures predictive of infection severity or disease outcome and host pathways to target drug development or repurposing. She is particularly interested in viruses that are highly pathogenic, newly emergent or likely to emerge because of climate change, land development, or ecological disruption. Currently she is focused on SARS-CoV-2, as well as other emerging pathogens with the potential to profoundly impact global health, such as Ebola virus, MERS-CoV, influenza virus, and hemorrhagic fever viruses. She works closely with other faculty and affiliates within the GHSS on the Viral Emergence Research Initiative (the VERENA Consortium), where she leads the core virology team. Dr. Rasmussen has employed uses in vitro systems, animal models, and clinical specimens to study the relationship between host response and pathogenesis. She previously developed a  model of Ebola virus disease in a genetically diverse panel of mice, the Collaborative Cross (CC), leveraging the diversity of CC mouse disease phenotypes to study genetic and transcriptomic factors underlying disease severity in humans. She has applied this model to developing predictive signatures of disease outcome and infection and identify novel drug targets. She is currently evaluating CC mouse models towards investigation of sex-specific host responses to viral infection, as well as to investigate disease presentation in other viruses that pose a major threat to global public health, including SARS-CoV-2. Ultimately, these host response profiles can be used for translational or biodefense applications, such as diagnosing infection, predicting disease severity, informing vaccine design, and developing or repurposing host-targeted drugs to impair virus replication or reverse pathology.  Dr. Rasmussen has published numerous original research articles in the peer-reviewed literature and serves on the editorial board of Cell Reports and mSphere. In addition to her scientific work, she believes that engagement of the public is essential to successful public health initiatives and is an active and outspoken science communicator. She has written for Forbes, Foreign Affairs, Slate, the Guardian, and Leapsmag, and appeared many times in media outlets including the New York Times, the Washington Post, National Public Radio, ABC, NBC, CNN, CBC, and BBC. She is also an advocate for equitable and inclusive science, and serves on the NIH Advisory Committee to the Director's Working Group on Changing the Culture to End Sexual Harassment.   Email: ar1692@georgetown.edu Web: https://angelarasmussen.org/ Twitter: @angie_rasmussen   Links and Resources   For mRNA vaccines, we should stick to the schedule Travel bans aren't an effective response to the new COVID-19 variant Pizza-sized boxes and paying a premium: Israel's COVID-19 vaccine rollout Canada has secured more vaccine doses per capita than anyone else, but it's been slow to administer them Doug Ford says Ontario will run out of Pfizer COVID-19 vaccines by end of next week

How The Past Hints About Our Climate’s Future Ask a climate scientist how much the earth will warm as a result of the carbon dioxide we’re emitting right now, and the answer will be a range of temperatures: likely anywhere from 1 to 5 degrees Celsius. But all the models we have to predict the future are based on data from the past, most of it collected in the last 140 years. As carbon dioxide rises further past the unprecedented-in-human-history 400 parts per million (ppm), we are increasingly in a world never before seen by human eyes—or measured by thermometers. While we are certain the Earth’s climate will warm as CO2 increases, it’s harder to pin down exactly how sensitive the climate is. Scientists are working hard to narrow down our uncertainties about the coming temperature changes, sea level rises, and new patterns of rainfall and drought. And paleoclimatologists can examine ancient rocks, sediments, ice, and fossilized shells for clues about how past climates changed in response to different levels of carbon dioxide. Climates from past epochs have not only experienced that 400 ppm mark, but also levels higher than 1,000 ppm—and correspondingly, higher temperatures and higher seas. In Science last month, a team of researchers made the case for using more data from these climates, millions of years ago, to help us map out the future we face. Science Friday producer Christie Taylor talks to University of Arizona geoscientist Jessica Tierney, who is lead author on the new research. Mapping Out The ‘Microbial Skyscrapers’ On Your Tongue Your mouth is home to billions of bacteria, and they’re very particular—some prefer to live on the inside of the cheeks, while others prefer the teeth, the gums, or the surface of the tongue. Writing in the journal Cell Reports, researchers describe their efforts to map out the various communities of bacteria that inhabit the tongue. In the average mouth, around two dozen different types of bacteria form tiny “microbial skyscrapers” on the tongue’s surface, clustered around a central core made up of individual human skin cells. In this study, scientists mapped out the locations of tiny bacterial colonies within those clusters, to get a better understanding of the relationships and interdependencies between each colony. Jessica Mark Welch, one of the authors of the report and an associate scientist at the Marine Biological Laboratory in Woods Hole, Massachusetts, talks about what we know about the microbiome of the human mouth—and what researchers would still like to learn. Moderna’s COVID-19 Vaccine May Soon Be Approved In The U.S. As the national rollout of the Pfizer/BioNTec vaccine began this week, Moderna’s own formula looks ready to add to the options for the nation’s healthcare workers and high-priority patients, at least according to a panel tasked with deciding whether the benefits outweigh the risks. On Thursday, the FDA’s independent advisory committee voted 20-0, with one abstention, to recommend the vaccine for emergency use. Now, the FDA itself must decide whether to follow through, a decision that is expected to come in the next few days. Vox staff writer Umair Irfan talks about the similarities and differences between Moderna and Pfizer’s vaccine, what we’re learning about side effects for both injections, and the concerns about COVID-19 transmission to animals. Plus, why researchers say President-elect Biden’s goal for net-zero carbon emissions will require drastic, but feasible changes to how the nation operates. And how to view Monday’s conjunction of Saturn and Jupiter—a phenomenon theorized to be the explanation for the biblical Star of Bethlehem.

As substâncias adicionadas nos pratos industriais podem alterar o funcionamento de bactérias inofensivas que compõem o microbiota intestinal. A maneira como nos alimentamos é importante para preservar a saúde, mas crucial para pessoas predispostas geneticamente a desenvolver doenças inflamatórias intestinais graves como a síndrome de Crohn. A patologia pode gerar sérias complicações, incluindo o câncer. O número de casos dessa e de outras doenças cresceu nas últimas décadas, o que levam os cientistas a crer que o consumo dos alimentos industriais estaria relacionado a esse aumento. É o que mostra um estudo publicado na revista científica Cell Reports, coordenado pelo pesquisador francês Benoît Chassaing. Sua equipe do Instituto Cochin, em Paris, se dedica ao estudo do impacto no organismo dos aditivos usados massivamente pela indústria agroalimentar para conservar a textura dos produtos e conservá-los melhor. Os pesquisadores franceses analisaram principalmente o efeito do polissorbato (P80) e da carmelose (CMC). Em estudos anteriores, feitos com camundongos, eles já haviam constatado que esses aditivos favoreciam a inflamação intestinal, que podia se manifestar de várias maneiras. Os animais com predisposição genética desenvolveram colites, mas o grupo geneticamente normal também apresentou sintomas intestinais leves Alguns dos camundongos também desenvolveram diabetes do tipo 2 ou obesidade. Mapa da flora intestinal Com base nesses dados, o pesquisador francês e sua equipe iniciaram um estudo para entender melhor os mecanismos internos que geravam essas inflamações. Para isso, foi necessária uma análise aprofundada da reação da flora intestinal, ou seja, de todas as bactérias que compõem nosso intestino e que são alvo desses aditivos. “Sabíamos que elas tinham um papel importante nesse processo inflamatório”, diz Chassaing. Em seguida, os pesquisadores identificaram quais eram as bactérias da flora intestinal dos camundongos mais afetadas pelos aditivos . Uma delas foi a Escherichia coli, comum no trato gastrointestinal. Algumas de suas variantes, explica Chassaing, podem se tornar patogênicas. “O que pudemos demonstrar é que essas bactérias, na presença desses aditivos alimentares, reagiam de maneira mais agressiva e se tornavam mais infecciosas e inflamatórias”, explica. “Este é só um exemplo. Provavelmente existem outras bactérias desse tipo, que ainda estamos identificando”, acrescenta. Segundo ele, o estudo sugere que as pessoas que têm esse tipo de bactéria com potencial patogênico no intestino deveriam banir o consumo dos dois emulsionantes. Poucos aditivos são inofensivos Com base nessas conclusões e para aprofundar ainda mais a pesquisa, a equipe analisou em seguida o efeito de 20 outros aditivos alimentares. A maioria deles, explica, tinha o mesmo efeito no intestino do que as outras substâncias. Poucos eram inofensivos. “O interesse dessa descoberta é o de supor que podemos favorecer o uso desses aditivos pela indústria agroalimentar e tentar proibir a utilização dos agentes com efeitos mais negativos no microbiota”. Essa precaução poderia evitar doenças em indivíduos predispostos. Hoje, os cientistas sabem que os genes podem ser ativados ou não em função da exposição a fatores ambientais. “O que mostramos no estudo, e que é realmente interessante, é que mesmo sem predisposição genética, existe o desenvolvimento de uma inflamação intestinal em camundongos selvagens se seus intestinos forem colonizados com essa bactéria patogênica, e se ela for exposta a esses aditivos. ” O pesquisador francês lembra que, sem predisposição, a inflamação é leve, mas afeta o metabolismo. “A maioria das pessoas não tem tendência genética para desenvolver uma inflamação intestinal, mas mesmo nelas podemos constatar o surgimento de diabetes do tipo 2 e de obesidade”. Os cientistas, explica o pesquisador, também estão em busca de moléculas para prevenir ou inibir a inflamação intestinal. Os probióticos são uma boa pista, mas agora é preciso entender porque essas bactérias intestinais do bem são eficazes para algumas pessoas e outras não.      

The human microbiome—our own personalized bacteria profile—plays a part in our health. The different parts of our body, from our skin to our gut, each have their own microbial profile. A team of researchers decided to explore the bacteria living inside our nose, publishing this week in the journal Cell Reports. Microbiologist Sarah Lebeer, one of the authors of the study, discusses what beneficial bacteria reside in our nose—and how this could be used to create a probiotic for upper respiratory infections. Concrete is a seemingly simple mix of wet cement, but it’s been the foundation of many civilizations. Ancient Mayans and Romans used concrete in their structures, and it is the basic building block of the sky-scraping concrete jungles we inhabit today. But it turns out, it’s still possible to improve. In an effort to create crack-free concrete that can resist the stresses of freezing temperatures, one group of researchers looked to organisms that live in sub-zero environments. Their results were published this week in the journal Cell Reports Physical Science. Engineer Wil Srubar, who is an author on that study, talks about how nature can serve as inspiration in the quest to create more sustainable concrete, wood, and other building materials. On Wednesday, a planned launch of two astronauts from Cape Canaveral had to be scrubbed due to weather. The launch would have been the first crewed flight to the space station launched from U.S. soil since 2011—and will use a Dragon rocket built by the private company SpaceX. There will be a second launch attempt this weekend. The Commercial Crew program began in 2011 to develop private launch capabilities to replace the retired space shuttle. Now, nine years later, is private industry finally ready to take over responsibilities that were once the territory of national governments? Miriam Kramer, who writes the space newsletter for Axios, and Brendan Byrne, who reports on space for public radio station WMFE in Orlando, join Ira to talk about the DEMO-2 crewed launch and other spaceflight news.      

Learn about breakthrough research into what our brains do while we sleep; how plants fight back when they hear they’re being eaten; and why the Y2K bug is actually what a well-handled crisis looks like afterward. This is the first direct evidence that our brains replay waking experiences while we sleep by Cameron Duke Eichenlaub, J.-B., Jarosiewicz, B., Saab, J., Franco, B., Kelemen, J., Halgren, E., Hochberg, L. R., & Cash, S. S. (2020). Replay of Learned Neural Firing Sequences during Rest in Human Motor Cortex. Cell Reports, 31(5), 107581. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107581 Evidence that human brains replay our waking experiences while we sleep. (2020). ScienceDaily. https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2020/05/200505121711.htm  Memory Consolidation - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics. (2012). Sciencedirect.com. https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/neuroscience/memory-consolidation Plants Can Hear When They're Being Eaten — and They Fight Back by Ashley Hamer The Arabidopsis Information Resource - About Arabidopsis. (2010). Arabidopsis.org. https://www.arabidopsis.org/portals/education/aboutarabidopsis.jsp  Pollan, M. (2013, December 15). The Intelligent Plant. The New Yorker; The New Yorker. https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2013/12/23/the-intelligent-plant  ‌Appel, H. M., & Cocroft, R. B. (2014). Plants respond to leaf vibrations caused by insect herbivore chewing. Oecologia, 175(4), 1257–1266. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-014-2995-6  The Y2K bug is what a well-handled crisis looks like afterward by Kelsey Donk Uenuma, F. (2019, December 30). 20 Years Later, the Y2K Bug Seems Like a Joke—Because Those Behind the Scenes Took It Seriously. Time; Time. https://time.com/5752129/y2k-bug-history/  ‌Farhad Manjoo. (2009, November 11). Was Y2K a Waste? Slate Magazine; Slate. https://slate.com/technology/2009/11/was-y2k-a-waste.html  Subscribe to Curiosity Daily to learn something new every day with Cody Gough and Ashley Hamer. You can also listen to our podcast as part of your Alexa Flash Briefing; Amazon smart speakers users, click/tap “enable” here: https://www.amazon.com/Curiosity-com-Curiosity-Daily-from/dp/B07CP17DJY

Today on the People's Scientist podcast, I cover the findings of the study by Eichenlaub et al. Replay of Learned Neural Firing Sequences during Rest in Human Motor Cortex. Cell Reports. 2020; 31, 107581. I discuss how neuroplasticity is an important process by the neurons of our brain. Neuroplasticity involves learning and adapting to new situations and environments. Our brain is very neuroplastic up until the age of about 25 years. After this age, our neuroplasticity may become less and less. I dive into how we may be able to retain and enhance our learning and neuroplasticity. Tune in for all the details!IG: Dr.SCaligiuriFB: ThePeoplesScientistTwitter: DrSCaligiuriLinkedIn: Dr. Stephanie CaligiuriTikTok: Dr.SCaligiuri See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

Have you ever had to learn something new and repeat it over and over—until it feels like you’re doing it in your sleep? Maybe you are. In research published this week in the journal Cell Reports, scientists monitored the brain activity of two people implanted with fine grids of neural electrodes as part of a brain-computer interface study for tetraplegia: paralysis of all four limbs. With the implants and a computer model to process the signals, the study participants were able to use their thoughts to control the movement of a cursor on a computer screen. In the study, the participants were asked to play a memory-pattern game similar to the old “Simon” handheld electronic game, pressing a sequence of four buttons in a given order. Then, they were asked to rest and relax—even to nap if they wanted—while the researchers continued to observe their brain activity. They found that the participants’ brains replayed sequences of the game’s patterns during shallow, stage one non-REM sleep. The researchers think that this replaying may be connected to mechanisms the brain uses for memory consolidation and learning. Beata Jarosiewicz, one of the authors of the study, joins guest host John Dankosky to discuss their findings. While research continues on vaccines, antivirals, and other medical solutions to the coronavirus outbreak, there are already non-pharmaceutical interventions that public health experts know work. One of them is contact tracing, the process of identifying the people who have been exposed to a known person with COVID-19, and then helping those people avoid infecting others. But while using public health workers for contact tracing has helped contain diseases like Ebola and HIV, contact tracing effort for the much more contagious novel coronavirus could rely in part on digital tools. Around the globe, countries from Iceland, to Singapore have developed smartphone apps. Now, in the U.S., states are also looking to invest in contact tracing—both by hiring thousands of workers to help, but also developing their own apps. And last month, Apple and Google announced they were teaming up to develop a platform for all smartphones to opt in to a system that would tell them if they’d been exposed. But can an app do everything a person can? And will people trust an app with their health information? Producer Christie Taylor talks to two public health experts, Johns Hopkins University’s Crystal Watson, and Massachusetts General Hospital’s Louise Ivers, about the intensive and nuanced work of contact tracing and how digital solutions can fit in the picture. For centuries, we’ve been trying to get a better understanding of the surface of the moon. Different cultures have imagined faces, rabbits, and even toads hiding in the rocky features. Astronauts have walked on the lunar terrain—bringing back photographs and rock samples. And so far, there have been 21 moon landings. The most recent happened last January, when China successfully put a lander on the far side of the moon. Recently, USGS scientists used their expertise in map-making to pull together some of these scientific observations to catalogue the geology of the moon. They stitched together six Apollo-era moon maps, combined with modern satellite data, to create a 360-degree map of the geological structures on the moon. This “Unified Geologic Map of the Moon” was published last month. USGS research geologist James Skinner, one of the creators of the map, takes us through the terrain of the lunar surface, and talks about what it can tell us about the evolution of the moon. Plus. Michelle Nichols of the Adler Planetarium gives moon gazing tips to help you spot the different geological features of the moon.  

How do arboviruses evolve as they pass between different hosts? Greg Ebel discusses his research on West Nile virus evolution and what it means for viral diversity. He also talks about using mosquitos’ most recent blood meal to survey human health in a process called xenosurveillance. Julie’s Biggest Takeaways: Mosquitoes and other arthropods have limited means of immune defense against infection. One major defense mechanism is RNA interference (RNAi). RNAi uses pieces of the West Nile viral genome to select against the viral genome, which helps select for broadly diverse viral sequences. The more rare a viral genotype, the more likely it is to escape negative selection inside the mosquito host, allowing this viral sequence to increase in frequency.  West Nile virus passes largely between birds and mosquitos. Culex mosquitos tend to prefer birds, and this leads to an enzootic cycle for the virus passing between birds and mosquitos. The viral life cycle inside the mosquito has several important steps:  The virus first enters as part of the mosquito blood meal.  The virus infects epithelial cells of the mosquito midgut. After 3-5 days, the virus leaves the midgut (midgut escape) to enter the mosquito hemolymph. In the next mosquito blood meal, virus is expelled with saliva, which has anticoagulant activity. West Nile virus selection undergoes cycles of selection as it passes from vertebrates (mostly birds) to invertebrates (mosquitos): In vertebrates, the virus must escape to cause viremia in a short period of time for replication to occur before the immune system recognizes and eliminates the virus. This leads to purifying selection, or elimination of amino acid variation that decreases viral protein function. In mosquitos, the virus spends several days in the midgut epithelial cells and then hemolymph, leading to a longer selection time. This leads to more viral diversity in the mosquito host. RNAi further drives population diversity. Through stochasticity, a single viral population will often come to dominate a single infected mosquito. How do scientists know which virus replicates best? Competitive fitness tests measure which virus grows to a higher population in a given environment. A manipulated virus (one passaged in a mosquito or selectively mutated at distinct sequences) and its non-manipulated parent sequence are inoculated at known proportions, and given a certain amount of time to replicate. By measuring the final proportions, Greg and his team can determine which sequence was more fit in that given environment.  Xenosurveillance uses mosquitoes to detect a wide array of pathogens at clinically relevant levels. Testing began with in vitro blood-bag feeding, and was validated with studies in Liberia and Senegal. The microorganism sequences are so diverse that the information was used to identify novel human viruses. These studies also provide insight into mosquito feeding habits, which helps in disease modeling. Links for this Episode:  Greg Ebel Lab Website Rückert C. et al. Small RNA Responses of Culex Mosquitoes and Cell Lines during Acute and Persistent Virus Infection. Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. 2019. Grubaugh N.D. et al. Mosquitoes Transmit Unique West Nile Virus Populations during Each Feeding Episode. Cell Reports. 2017. Grubaugh N.D. and Ebel G.D. Dynamics of West Nile Virus Evolution in Mosquito Vectors. Current Opinion in Virology. 2016. Fauver J.R. et al. Xenosurveillance Reflects Traditional Sampling Techniques for the Identification of Human Pathogens: A Comparative Study in West Africa. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases. 2018. Fauver J.R. The Use of Xenosurveillance to Detect Human Bacteria, Parasites, and Viruses in Mosquito Bloodmeals. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 2017. Tracey McNamera: Canaries in the Coal Mine TEDxUCLA New York Times: Encephalitis Outbreak Teaches an Old Lesson. 1999. ASM Article: The One Health of Animals, Humans, and Our Planet: It’s All Microbially Connected    

Learn about when you’re most likely to feel hangry (and how to avoid it); what scientists can learn from watching the human brain jiggle; and how resonant frequencies helped a fitness class shake an entire skyscraper — with help from stand-up mathematician Matt Parker. Scientists Determined When Hanger Is Most Likely to Strike by Annie Hartman https://curiosity.com/topics/scientists-determined-when-hanger-is-most-likely-to-strike-curiosity What can scientists learn from watching the human brain jiggle? by Cameron Duke Diameter of a Human Hair - The Physics Factbook. (n.d.). Hypertextbook.com. Retrieved March 26, 2020, from https://hypertextbook.com/facts/1999/BrianLey.shtml hippocampus | Definition, Location, Function, & Facts | Britannica. (2019). In Encyclopædia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/science/hippocampus Mosher, C. P., Wei, Y., Kamiński, J., Nandi, A., Mamelak, A. N., Anastassiou, C. A., & Rutishauser, U. (2020). Cellular Classes in the Human Brain Revealed In Vivo by Heartbeat-Related Modulation of the Extracellular Action Potential Waveform. Cell Reports, 30(10), 3536–3551.e6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2020.02.027 Scientists categorize neurons by the way the brain jiggles during a heartbeat. (n.d.). Medicalxpress.com. Retrieved March 26, 2020, from https://medicalxpress.com/news/2020-03-scientists-categorize-neurons-brain-jiggles.html Additional resources from Matt Parker: Pick up “Humble Pi: When Math Goes Wrong in the Real World” on Amazon https://amzn.to/3c3xwi9  Matt Parker’s official website http://standupmaths.com/ Subscribe to Matt Parker’s YouTube channel https://www.youtube.com/user/standupmaths Follow @standupmaths on Twitter https://twitter.com/standupmaths Subscribe to Curiosity Daily to learn something new every day with Cody Gough and Ashley Hamer. You can also listen to our podcast as part of your Alexa Flash Briefing; Amazon smart speakers users, click/tap “enable” here: https://curiosity.im/podcast-flash-briefing

In 1889, a dam failed in southwestern Pennsylvania, sending 20 million tons of water down an industrialized valley toward the unsuspecting city of Johnstown. In this week's episode of the Futility Closet podcast we'll describe some of the dramatic and harrowing personal stories that unfolded on that historic day. We'll also celebrate Christmas with Snoopy and puzzle over a deadly traffic light. Intro: For an 1866 California lecture tour, Mark Twain wrote his own handbills. Raymond Chandler's unused titles include The Diary of a Loud Check Suit. Sources for our feature on the Johnstown flood: David McCullough, Johnstown Flood, 1968. Richard O'Connor, Johnstown the Day the Dam Broke, 1957. Neil M. Coleman, Johnstown's Flood of 1889: Power Over Truth and the Science Behind the Disaster, 2018. Frank Connelly and George C. Jenks, Official History of the Johnstown Flood, 1889. John Stuart Ogilvie, History of the Great Flood in Johnstown, Pa., May 31, 1889, 1889. Willis Fletcher Johnson, History of the Johnstown Flood, 1889. Neil M. Coleman, Uldis Kaktins, and Stephanie Wojno, "Dam-Breach Hydrology of the Johnstown Flood of 1889 -- Challenging the Findings of the 1891 Investigation Report," Heliyon 2:6 (2016), e00120. Christine M. Kreiser, "Wave of Destruction," American History 50:4 (October 2015), 38-41. Uldis Kaktins et al., "Revisiting the Timing and Events Leading to and Causing the Johnstown Flood of 1889," Pennsylvania History 80:3 (2013), 335-363. Sid Perkins, "Johnstown Flood Matched Volume of Mississippi River," Science News, Oct. 20, 2009. Emily Godbey, "Disaster Tourism and the Melodrama of Authenticity: Revisiting the 1889 Johnstown Flood," Pennsylvania History 73:3 (2006), 273-315. Mary P. Lavine, "The Johnstown Floods: Causes and Consequences," in S.K. Majumdar et al., eds., Natural and Technological Disasters: Causes, Effects and Preventative Measures, Pennsylvania Academy of Science, 1992. Robert D. Christie, "The Johnstown Flood," Western Pennsylvania Historical Magazine 54:2 (April 1971), 198-210. John Bach McMaster, "The Johnstown Flood," Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography 57:3 (1933), 209-243. John Bach McMaster, "The Johnstown Flood: II," Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography 57:4 (1933), 316-354. "The Johnstown Disaster," Scientific American 60:26 (June 29, 1889), 406-407. Jason Zweig, "National News, 1889: Club Is Found Culpable in Johnstown Flood," Wall Street Journal, July 7, 2014. David Hurst, "'It's Still Controversial': Debate Rages Over Culpability of Wealthy Club Members," [Johnstown, Pa.] Tribune-Democrat, May 25, 2014. Peter Smith, "Johnstown Flood of 1889: Greatest Disaster in the State Continues to Resonate," Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, May 24, 2014. Henry Fountain, "Research at the Source of a Pennsylvania Flood," New York Times, Oct. 26, 2009. "Town's Ads Say Its Catastrophic Flood 'Is Over,'" [Prescott, Ariz.] Daily Courier, March 31, 2002. "Bones May Be From 1889 Flood," Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, July 8, 1998, B-4. Eric Pace, "Frank Shomo, Infant Survivor of Johnstown Flood, Dies at 108," New York Times, March 24, 1997. D. Byron Yake, "In Johnstown, They Still Talk About the Flood 85 Years Ago," [Washington, Pa.] Observer-Reporter, May 31, 1974, B-6. "Black Day in 1889; Johnstown, Pa., Marks Flood Anniversary," New York Times, May 24, 1964. "Flood Just Part of Little Known Tale Behind Johnstown Woes," [Washington D.C.] Evening Star, May 30, 1939. "A Valley of Death," Three Rivers [Mich.] Tribune, June 7, 1889, 6. Johnstown Area Heritage Association, "Johnstown Flood Museum: Pennsylvania Railroad Interview Transcripts," 2013. Listener mail: Kelly Servick, "Brain Parasite May Strip Away Rodents' Fear of Predators -- Not Just of Cats," Science, Jan. 14, 2020. Madlaina Boillat et al., "Neuroinflammation-Associated Aspecific Manipulation of Mouse Predator Fear by Toxoplasma gondii," Cell Reports 30:2 (2020), 320-334. "Toxoplasma Infection in Mice Reduces Generalized Anxiety, Not Just Feline Fear," Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology News, Jan. 15, 2020. The Royal Guardsmen, "Snoopy's Christmas," 1967. The Royal Guardsmen, "Snoopy vs. The Red Baron," 1966. Wikipedia, "Snoopy's Christmas" (accessed March 15, 2020). Alistair Hughes, "Snoopy Still Flying at Christmas," Stuff, Dec. 8, 2014. "Snoopy's Christmas 'Worst Christmas Song of All Time,'" New Zealand Herald, Dec. 18, 2007. This week's lateral thinking puzzle was suggested by listeners David and Becky Pruessner. Here are two corroborating links (warning -- these spoil the puzzle). You can listen using the player above, download this episode directly, or subscribe on Google Podcasts, on Apple Podcasts, or via the RSS feed at https://futilitycloset.libsyn.com/rss. Please consider becoming a patron of Futility Closet -- you can choose the amount you want to pledge, and we've set up some rewards to help thank you for your support. You can also make a one-time donation on the Support Us page of the Futility Closet website. Many thanks to Doug Ross for the music in this episode. If you have any questions or comments you can reach us at podcast@futilitycloset.com. Thanks for listening!

How Humboldt Squid Talk To Each Other In The Dark Cephalopods are masters of changing their bodies in response to their environments—from camouflaging to sending warning signals to predators. The art of their visual deception lies deep within their skin. They can change their skin to different colors, textures, and patterns to communicate with other animals and each other. But how does this play out in the darkness of the deep ocean? That’s the question a team of scientists studied in the deep diving Humboldt squid that lives over 2,000 feet beneath the ocean’s surface. Their results were published this week in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Biologist Benjamin Burford, who is an author on that study, explains how Humboldt squid use a combination of skin color patterns and bioluminescence to send each other signals and what this might teach us about communication in the deep ocean. See a video and more photos of Humboldt squid communicating with each other from Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute.  Mapping The Microbiome Of Your Tongue Your mouth is home to billions of bacteria—some prefer to live on the inside of the cheeks, while others prefer the teeth, some the gums, or the surface of the tongue. Writing this week in the journal Cell Reports, researchers describe their efforts to map out the various communities of bacteria that inhabit the tongue.  In the average mouth, around two dozen different types of bacteria form tiny “microbial skyscrapers” on your tongue’s surface, clustered around a central core made up of individual human skin cells. The researchers are mapping out the locations of the tiny bacterial colonies within those skyscrapers, to try to get a better understanding of the relationships and interdependencies between each colony.  Jessica Mark Welch, one of the authors of the report and an associate scientist at the Marine Biological Laboratory in Woods Hole, Massachusetts, talks about what we know about the microbiome of the human mouth, and what researchers would still like to learn. Rethinking Invasive Species With Pablo Escobar’s Hippos Colombia is home to an estimated 80 to 100 hippos where they’re an invasive species—hippos are native to Africa. But notorious drug lord Pablo Escobar brought four to the country as part of his private zoo. After his death in 1993, the hippos escaped to the wild where they thrived.  Some locals consider them pests, the government has mulled over getting rid of them, and recent studies have shown that their large amounts of waste is changing the aquatic ecology of Colombia. But new research has taken a different view, showing that even though hippos are invasive, they might be filling an ecological hole left by large herbivores killed off by humans thousands of years ago. Erick Lundgren, the study’s lead author and a Ph.D. student at the University of Technology in Sydney, Australia, talks about why we should stop thinking of the phrase “invasive species” as inherently bad, and what may be in store for the future of these hippos. 

近日，来自爱丁堡大学和邓迪大学的研究人员发现了一种叫做枯草芽孢杆菌的益生菌，其有效对抗αSyn的积累，甚至能够清除部分累积的αSyn，进而延缓帕金森的发展。相关文章已在线发表在医学期刊《Cell Reports》杂志上。

Hazırlayan ve sunanlar: Tevfik Uyar, Kübra Karacan Giriş ve Çıkış Müziği: Bensound, Rumble (CC Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported) Bu bölümde değindiğimiz haber ve araştırmalar: Voyager 2 Haber Kaynağı: https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2019/11/191104112823.htm Bahsi geçen araştırmanın referansı: D. A. Gurnett & W. S. Kurth. Plasma densities near and beyond the heliopause from the Voyager 1 and 2 plasma wave instruments. Nature Astronomy, 2019 DOI: 10.1038/s41550-019-0918-5 Batı Nil Virüsü İnsülin Haber Kaynağı: https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2019/11/191113101849.htm Araştırmanın Referansı: Laura R.H. Ahlers, Chasity E. Trammell, Grace F. Carrell, Sophie Mackinnon, Brandi K. Torrevillas, Clement Y. Chow, Shirley Luckhart, Alan G. Goodman. Insulin Potentiates JAK/STAT Signaling to Broadly Inhibit Flavivirus Replication in Insect Vectors. Cell Reports, 2019; 29 (7): 1946 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.10.029 Batı Nil Virüsü WHO sayfası: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/west-nile-virus Ücretli abonemiz olarak bize destek vermek için sayfamızı ziyaret edebilirsiniz: https://www.patreon.com/acikbilim Bu yayınımızı ücretli abonelerimiz sayesinde gerçekleştirdik (Patreon'da yer alan isimleriyle): Sule Civi, Kaya Gökçe Dinçyürek, Deniz Kozluklu, Okan Ulas Gezeroglu, Evren Akal, yesatalim, İpek Doğramacı, Refik Sekercioglu, Ediz Kırman, Zeynep Kiziltan, Koray Al, Ozgur Bozat, Tevfik Uyar, Gursel Mutlu, Melis Aritman Alp, Cengiz Gokdeniz, Evren Aslankaraoğlu, Utku Sakallıoğlu, Cenk Altı, Arman Sernaz, Cem Karaoguz, Bunyamin Simsek, Ali Ihsan Sakin, Guven atbakan, Yang Wen-li, Sifsty, Arif Akar, Melike Ceren İnan, Gamze, Eren Şener, fatih karagülle, Enes Topcu, Ahmet ERKAN, Cem Mergenci, Aygül Özbek, Sertaç Tuncel, Zuhal Kaya, Baris Parlak, Emre Yorgancıgil, kıvanç canbay, Refik Sekercioglu Ücretli abonemiz olarak bize destek vermek için sayfamızı ziyaret edebilirsiniz: https://www.patreon.com/acikbilim

脑卒中俗称中风，常常对大脑特定区域造成损伤，可能会导致失语、偏瘫等严重的后遗症。如果受损的区域较小，患者还可能会出现一些特别的表现。最近，Cell Reports 报告了另一个奇特的病例：一位脑卒中患者康复之后，唯独忘记了颜色的名字。

Počasie bude extrémne. Búrky budú intenzívnejšie, rovnako ako vlny horúčav. Ak chceme opísať budúcnosť našej planéty, bude vyzerať nejako takto. A dôvodom je zmena klímy. A nielen to, v tomto zmenenom svete sa môže zvýšiť výskyt agresívnejších pavúkov, čo naznačuje štúdia vo vedeckom časopise Nature Ecology & Evolution. Pre vedcov bolo celé stáročia záhadou, ako je možné, že si udalosti z dňa pamätáme v správnom poradí. Že vieme, čo sa stalo po čom, tušíme, ako udalosti jedna po druhej nasledovali, vieme, čo, kde a v akom poradí sa odohralo. Nedávno zverejnený výskum v časopise Cell Reports môže celý tento proces objasniť. Pri ukladaní jednotlivých udalostí v správnom poradí je podľa neho dôležitá najmä správna komunikácia medzi dvomi špeciálnymi typmi buniek. Keď sa pichnete ihlou do prsta, najprv pocítite prienik pod kožu. Potom sa dostaví ostrá, nepríjemná bolesť. A nakoniec silná túžba odtiahnuť ruku. Švédski vedci teraz zrejme odhalili spôsob, akým telo reaguje na bolesť. Tvrdia, že pod kožou našli nový orgán, ktorý zohráva dôležitú úlohu pri vnímaní bolesti spôsobenej pichaním, stláčaním či iným fyzickým poškodením. Orgán zatiaľ pozorovali u myší, no podľa výskumníkov je celkom možné, že ho majú aj ľudia. Štúdiu zverejnili vo vedeckom časopise Science. Krátke správy z vedy V Tichom oceáne sa plaví obrovský koberec vulkanickej pemzy. Rozlohu má viac než 150 kilometrov štvorcových, čo si možno predstaviť asi ako 20-tisíc futbalových ihrísk. Pravdepodobne pochádza z podmorského vulkánu v blízkosti ostrovného štátu Tonga, ktorý podľa vybuchol okolo 7. augusta. Vedcom sa podarilo rozmnožiť koraly v laboratórnych podmienkach, a čosi podobné sa biológom podarilo vôbec po prvý raz. Je to skvelá správa, pretože by to mohlo zachrániť budúcnosť koralov, ktoré extrémne trpia pri prebiehajúcej klimatickej zmene. Výskumníci to dokázali vďaka tomu, že zvládli napodobniť prírodné podmienky, vrátane teploty vody, fáz mesiaca či východu a západu slnka. Schopnosť stromov čistiť vzduch je obmedzená. Vedci sa totiž pozreli, ako budú stromy v priebehu tohto storočia schopné viazať oxid uhličitý. Ukázalo sa, že sa môžu presýtiť a skleníkové plyny sa následne začnú hromadiť v ovzduší. Život v meste vedie k vyšším hladinám cholesterolu. Teda v tomto prípade nie u ľudí, vedci to zistili u vrán. Nový výskum naznačuje, že prispôsobenie sa ľudským odpadkom má za následok vyššie hladiny cholesterolu, ak vrany porovnáme s ich príbuznými na vidieku. Schopnosť stromov čistiť vzduch je obmedzená. Vedci sa totiž pozreli, ako budú stromy v priebehu tohto storočia schopné viazať oxid uhličitý. Ukázalo sa, že sa môžu presýtiť a skleníkové plyny sa následne začnú hromadiť v ovzduší.

This episode: Bacteria carry deadly phages and use them against rival strains! Download Episode (9.4 MB, 10.2 minutes) Show notes: Microbe of the episode: Bifidobacterium bifidum News item Takeaways Bacteria such as Escherichia coli live in environments such as the gut with many other types of microbes, and often develop communities of microbes cooperating and/or competing with each other for resources. But in order to cooperate or compete, bacteria must first be able to identify and discriminate between themselves and others. Sometimes microbes do this by exchanging membrane molecules, or secreting chemical signals that only partners can detect, or transferring plasmids or producing antimicrobial compounds that kill competitors. In the current study, scientists discovered a strain of E. coli that carries around phages that help them distinguish other strains and compete with them. When this strain encounters another, the phages it carries attack and destroy cells of the other strain, while leaving the carrier strain mostly unharmed. This strategy is not without cost, though; the viral proteins take resources to produce, and when there's no competing strains around, the virus can attack its carrier to some extent. Journal Paper: Song S, Guo Y, Kim J-S, Wang X, Wood TK. 2019. Phages Mediate Bacterial Self-Recognition. Cell Reports 27:737-749.e4. Other interesting stories: E. coli adjusts its swimming to get around obstacles   Email questions or comments to bacteriofiles at gmail dot com. Thanks for listening! Subscribe: Apple Podcasts, RSS, Google Play. Support the show at Patreon, or check out the show at Twitter or Facebook

Naast problemen met de cholesterol, kan zogenaamde calcificatie of verkalking van onze aderen en andere bloedvaten een belangrijke (en versterkende) rol spelen in het ontwikkelen van hart- en vaatproblemen. En met het ouder worden krijgt iedere persoon (de een wat meer of minder dan de andere) met deze verstijving te maken. Diabetespatiënten of mensen met nierproblemen zijn er extra gevoelig voor. Hoewel eerdere oorzaken achter deze calcificatie zijn geïdentificeerd is het exacte verloop ervan nog niet helemaal uitgeklaard. Onderzoekers van de Universiteit Cambridge melden in het wetenschappelijke tijdschrift Cell Reports dat ze een nieuw mechanisme hebben ontdekt dat volgens hen een belangrijke rol speelt in deze verkalking. Hoogleraar cardiovasculaire celbiologie Marie-José Goumans (Leids Universitair Medisch centrum) legt uit hoe dit mechanisme werkt en wat we er tegen kunnen doen.

This is the March episode of 3-Minute 3Rs, brought to you by the North American 3Rs Collaborative (www.na3rsc.org, the NC3Rs (www.nc3rs.org.uk), and Lab Animal (www.nature.com/laban) The papers behind the pod: 1. Progressive Motor Neuron Pathology and the Role of Astrocytes in a Human Stem Cell Model of VCP-Related ALS. https://bit.ly/2uiF64X 2. A critical evaluation of TRPA1-mediated locomotor behavior in zebrafish as a screening tool for novel anti-nociceptive drug discovery. https://go.nature.com/2Cu7u8C 3. No-touch measurements of vital signs in small conscious animals. https://bit.ly/2WdN5Mw [NC3Rs] A team led by Dr Rickie Patani has developed a human-derived model of ALS that could bring us a step closer to treating the disease effectively while avoiding the use of animals altogether. Animal models are widely used to study ALS, also known as motor neurone disease, but current therapies can only slow its progression – and even then, the effect is modest. Instead, Dr Patani's team, based at UCL and the Francis Crick Institute, used human induced pluripotent stem cells to study how ALS causes motor neurones to degenerate. They investigated the molecular processes that lead to the death of motor neurones, which are kickstarted by the loss of a protein called TDP-43 from the cell nucleus. They also discovered that ALS makes astrocytes degenerate too, so they can't play their usual role in helping motor neurones survive, compounding the effects of the disease. For this work, Dr Patani was awarded the NC3Rs' International 3Rs Prize earlier this month. The prize is sponsored by GSK and celebrates outstanding 3Rs science every year. Read the paper in Cell Reports or visit the NC3Rs website to learn more about the 3Rs Prize. [LA] Rodents remain popular for in vivo validation of novel drugs. But screening candidates is costly to do in rodents, which has researchers looking for alternatives to evaluate compounds in a higher throughput manner. Zebrafish are increasingly used for such screening purposes. A new paper from Richard van Rijn's lab at Purdue published in the journal Scientific Reports evaluates a zebrafish screen for drugs that Transient Receptor Potential A1, or TRPA1. TRPA1 encodes a calcium ion channel and has been shown to be involved in pain perception in rodent models. In zebrafish, activating TRPA1 causes hyperlocomotion, which the researchers hypothesized could be a useful phenotypic readout of drug efficacy. They tested compounds known to activate and inactivate TRPA1 in human cells, mice, and zebrafish larvae and found that the compounds affect all three models in a dose-dependent manner. Evaluation can be somewhat tricky in the zebrafish because they have a second copy of TRPA1 to contend with, but the fish could still help screen initial compounds before researchers take them onward. [LA] What if you could measure the vital signs of your animals without having to prep or handle them? Engineers at Cornell recently described the use of radio frequency near-field coherent sensing to do just that in a paper published in Science Advances. They developed the technology first for humans, but have now shown its potential for use with small animals in real-time. The technology uses radio waves. These penetrate the body and can be used to detect the motion of internal organs. When the signal is processed, parameters like heart rate and respiration rate can be captured. The system can be wired or wireless, and was shown to work with an anesthetized rat and freely moving hamster, Russian tortoise, and betta fish. There was some variability and further comparisons with existing methods would help clarify the accuracy and robustness of the new system, but near-field coherent sensing could be a promising new way to keep an eye on animal vital signs. See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

Host Kevin Patton emphasizes the idea of the "last best story" in science to review the unfolding debates about adult neurogenesis and autonomic pathways. How can we use the "anatomical compass" to help students learn anatomy? What is reserve hematopoiesis? And more discussion of feedback to students in online tests. 01:17 | Feedback in Online Tests 08:17 | The Anatomical Compass 14:47 | Sponsored by AAA 15:12 | Reserve hematopoiesis 18:09 | Sponsored by HAPS 18:54 | Featured: Last Best Story in Adult Neurogenesis & ANS Pathways If you cannot see or activate the audio player click here. Questions & Feedback: 1-833-LION-DEN (1-833-546-6336)Follow The A&P Professor on Twitter, Facebook, Blogger, Nuzzel, Tumblr, or Instagram!   Scientific theories are tested every time someone makes an observation or conducts an experiment, so it is misleading to think of science as an edifice, built on foundations. Rather, scientific knowledge is more like a web. The difference couldn't be more crucial. A tall edifice can collapse – if the foundations upon which it was built turn out to be shaky. But a web can be torn in several parts without causing the collapse of the whole. The damaged threads can be patiently replaced and re-connected with the rest – and the whole web can become stronger, and more intricate. (Massimo Pigliucci)   1 | Feedback in Online tests 7 minutes In Episode 36, Adam Rich called in regarding how we can provide feedback to students taking online tests. I responded that I encourage students to get the correct response from their study buddies—or from me. After the episode aired, Krista Rompolski pointed out that this could be a challenge in very large courses. What do y'all think? Tell us. Really.   Big Year in Anatomy & Physiology Teaching with The A&P Professor | Episode 36 Spaced Retrieval Practice | Episode 1 Test Debriefing Boosts Student Learning | Episode 11 Test Frequency in the A&P Course | Episode 33 Long Term Learning | Five Strategies for Teaching A&P Testing as Teaching Here's a tool I use for repeated feedback (saves a LOT of time): Sign up for TextExpander. Recall your best words. Instantly, repeatedly. We want your feedback! 1-833-LION-DEN or 1-833-546-6336 podcast@theAPprofessor.org @theAPprofessor (Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, Pinterest, and beyond)     2 | The Anatomical Compass 6.5 minutes Although you and I are comfortable in orienting ourselves to anatomical directions when looking at diagrams, photographs, and specimens in anatomy, our beginning student often are not. The simple process of adding an "anatomical rosette" reflecting the anatomical directions in each encountered diagram can  help students develop the skill of understanding anatomical perspective. Anatomical Rosettes Help Student Orient Themselves     3 | Sponsored by AAA 0.5 minutes The searchable transcript for this episode, as well as the captioned audiogram of this episode, are sponsored by The American Association of Anatomists (AAA) at anatomy.org. Their big meeting is in April at the Experimental Biology (EB) meeting in Orlando FL. Check it out! Searchable transcript Captioned audiogram      4 | Reserve Hematopoiesis 3 minutes Hematopoietic stem cells  (HSCs) may have a "back-up system" that helps out after damage to the working population. These "reserve" HSCs (rHSCs) may step up when the primed HSCs (pHSCs) cannot keep up with the demand for hematopoiesis. Scientists have identified a bone marrow backup system (summary article) my-ap.us/2BmcoE0 N-Cadherin-Expressing Bone and Marrow Stromal Progenitor Cells Maintain Reserve Hematopoietic Stem Cells (report by Zhao, et al. in Cell Reports) my-ap.us/2Bk7vLN     5 | Sponsored by HAPS 0.5 minutes The Human Anatomy & Physiology Society (HAPS) is a sponsor of this podcast. Did you know there's a one-day regional HAPS conference in March? Check it out. You can help appreciate their support by clicking the link below and checking out the many resources and benefits found there. Anatomy & Physiology Society  theAPprofessor.org/haps     6 | Featured: Last Best Story in Adult Neurogenesis & ANS Pathways 12 minutes The "last best story" is what I tell my students I'm providing to them. That approach emphasizes the evolving nature of scientific understanding. In this episode, I mention two stories that are evolving right now. Storytelling is the Heart of Teaching A&P | Episode 12 (where I introduce the idea of teaching as storytelling) Adult neurogenesis in the brain Running Concept Lists Help Students Make Connections | Episode 8 (where I first discuss this story) The Discovery of the Neuron (outlines the origin of central dogmas about neuroscience, including Ramón y Cajal's role) Neurogenesis in the adult human hippocampus (paper that established the idea that adult brain neurogenesis does occur) Human hippocampal neurogenesis drops sharply in children to undetectable levels in adults (paper that challenges the idea of adult brain neurogenesis) New Study Questions Confidence in Neurogenesis in the Adult Brain (article that summarizes the recent controversy) Are Learning Styles Real? Why or Why Not? | Episode 14 (where I bring up newer research on adult neurogenesis) New Evidence Suggests Aging Brains Continue to Make New Neurons (article by Francis Collins on the new paper) Human Hippocampal Neurogenesis Persists throughout Aging (new research paper in Cell) The last best story in adult neurogenesis? A New Look at Neurogenesis in Humans (blog post by Neuroskeptic, summarizing new perspectives) my-ap.us/2TDxTXU Recalibrating the Relevance of Adult Neurogenesis (article by Jason S. Snyder in Trends in Neurosciences) my-ap.us/2TEb5r4 Are sacral autonomic pathways sympathetic or parasympathetic? Sacral Efferent Pathways are Sympathetic, Not Parasympathetic (summary from The A&P Professor blog) my-ap.us/2TJMHnS The sacral autonomic outflow is sympathetic (I. Espinosa-Medina, O., et al., of J.-F. Brunet lab's in Science the proposed change; includes an updated version of the classic diagram of sympathetic and parasympathetic pathways) my-ap.us/2fNdcF3 Neural circuitry gets rewired (Adameyko, I. in Science comments on the report cited above, stating that "This finding provokes a serious shift in textbook knowledge, and, as with any fundamental discovery, it brings important practical implications..." and goes on to mention of a few of the implications (e.g., how to treat bladder dysfunction) my-ap.us/2gg9O8P The Autonomic Nervous System. Part I. (John Newport Langley's classic "primary source" that codified the modern concept of the ANS.) my-ap.us/2fYHt3M The sacral autonomic outflow is parasympathetic: Langley got it right (John P. Horn's commentary in Clinical Autonomic Research; the last best story?) my-ap.us/2TCvwF5   If the hyperlinks here are not active, go to TAPPradio.org to find the episode page. More details at the episode page. Transcript available at the script page. Listen to any episode on your Alexa device. Join The A&P Professor social network: Blog Twitter @theAPprofessor Facebook theAPprofessor Instagram theAPprofessor YouTube Amazon and TextExpander referrals help defray podcasting expenses.Transcript and captions for this episodeare supported by theAmerican Association of Anatomists.anatomy.org The Human Anatomy & Physiology Societyalso provides support for this podcast. theAPprofessor.org/haps(Clicking on sponsor links helps let them know you appreciatetheir support of this podcast!)

Our guest today is Dr. Charles Brenner, the Roy J. Carver Chair of Biochemistry at the University of Iowa. Charles is one of the world’s leading experts on nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, commonly referred to as NAD, which is an essential molecule found in every living cell.  In 2004, he discovered the nicotinamide riboside kinase pathway, which leads to a special form of vitamin B3. We talk to Charles about his research into NAD and why he believes supplementation with NR could help people age better. In addition to his work at the University of Iowa, he is also the chief scientific advisor for ChromaDex, which markets the NR supplement Tru Niagen. Toward the end of our interview, Charles talks about dozens of exciting new papers and studies that are on the horizon. One of those papers - Maternal Nicotinamide Riboside Enhances Postpartum Weight Loss, Juvenile Offspring Development, and Neurogenesis of Adult Offspring- was published in Cell Reports on the same day as our interview with Charles went live. Also in today’s interview, we discuss: [00:06:29] How Charles became the first cancer biology graduate student in the biology department at Stanford University. [00:07:51] Charles’ research into nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) during his time on the faculty at Thomas Jefferson University. [00:09:15] Charles’ discovery that nicotinamide riboside (NR) is a precursor of NAD. [00:19:47] Why Charles doesn’t use the term “anti-aging.” [00:25:52] The importance of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) and its role as the central regulator of reactive oxygen species toxicity. [00:34:56] The circadian rhythms of NAD and the potential benefit of diurnal dosing. [00:38:45] Why skeletal muscle is one of the most sensitive target tissues for the anti-aging effects of NMN. [00:45:42] How the benefits of a ketogenic diet, intermittent fasting, time restricted eating could be related to NAD. [00:47:02] A recent human trial conducted by the University of Colorado that found Niagen increased NAD+ by 60 percent in healthy middle-aged and older adults after just six weeks. [00:49:19] The optimal dose of NR for humans. Show notes: [00:03:06] Charles talks about growing up as a kid who dreamed about becoming either a comedian or rabbi. [00:03:26] Charles describes his success on the math team in high school and how he also enjoyed playing tennis and running cross-country. [00:03:43] Charles reflects on his decision to attend Wesleyan University. [00:04:09] Although Charles decided to major in ecology, he found out upon arriving at Wesleyan that they did not have an ecology department. [00:05:05] Dawn mentions that after graduating with honors in biology, Charles traveled across the country to work in the Bay Area. She asks him what he did. [00:06:29] Charles talks about when and why he became interested in cancer research, and how he was the first cancer biology graduate student in the biology department at Stanford University. [00:07:51] Dawn asks about the work Charles did from 1996 to 2003 on nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) during his time on the faculty at Thomas Jefferson University. [00:09:15] Ken brings up Charles’ research at Dartmouth, asking about his discovery that nicotinamide riboside (NR) is a precursor of NAD. [00:12:35] NAD is a coenzyme found in all living cells. It serves both as a critical coenzyme for enzymes that fuel reduction-oxidation reactions, carrying electrons from one reaction to another, and as a co-substrate for other enzymes.  Charles gives an overview of the research into NAD and its relationship to overall health and age-related diseases. [00:19:47] Dawn asks Charles why he doesn’t use the term “anti-aging.” [00:20:54] Charles discusses how Verdin and numerous other investigators have reported that NADcontent declines with age in multiple organs, such as pancreas, adipose tissue, skeletal muscle,

Nuwe navorsing wat in die vakjoernaal Cell Reports gepubliseer is, skep hoop vir hartlyers. Die Britse Hartstigting doen navorsing oor 'n merkwaardige Meksikaanse tetra-vis, wat in staat is om skade aan sy hart te herstel. Jaarliks sterf 1 uit elk 5 mense aan hartverwante oorsake in Suid-Afrika. Ons praat nou met ons wetenskap-korrespondent George Claassen....

Hoy en El Viajero de la Ciencia… entrevistamos a Isabel Serrano, sobre la respiración como modo de transformar nuestras emociones negativas en positivas. Hablamos sobre el oxígeno en Marte, la experiencia de Ara en un coche autónomo y sobre la exposición: Faraón, Rey de Egipto. TITULAR 1: TITULAR 1: BEPICOLOMBO COMIENZA CON ÉXITO SU APASIONANTE VIAJE HACIA MERCURIO BepiColombo es una misión conjunta de la Agencia Espacial Europea (ESA) y de la Agencia Japonesa de Exploración Aeroespacial (JAXA), que despegó con éxito el pasado 20 de octubre. La misión consta de dos orbitadores científicos, el Mercury Planetary Orbiter (MPO) y el Mercury Magnetospheric Orbiter (MMO), que realizarán unas mediciones que revelarán la estructura interna del planeta Mercurio, la naturaleza de su superficie y la evolución de sus características geológicas. TITULAR 2: DETECTAN EXTRAÑAS PARTÍCULAS SURGIENDO DE LOS HIELOS DE LA ANTÁRTIDA Los investigadores creen que podría tratarse de un tipo desconocido de partícula, o de un indicio de la existencia de «otra Física». La Antarctic Impulsive Transient Antenna (ANITA), que consiste en una serie de antenas de radio que cuelgan de un globo aerostático a 37 kilómetros de altura y que los científicos usan para estudiar los rayos cósmicos, ha detectado estas partículas que emanan directamente del suelo. Fenómeno que no está permitido por el Modelo Estándar de la Física. Titular 3: Descubren cómo una bacteria ‘ninja' engaña al sistema inmune El sistema inmune del cuerpo es una barrera que utiliza a células especializadas del cuerpo para reconocer y atacar a todas aquellas que saben que no son propias, como pueden ser bacterias, virus u otros microorganismos. Aún así, hay quienes se saltan esta barrera ya que evolucionan, convirtiéndose, así, en bacterias ninja. En un nuevo estudio, publicado este martes en Cell Reports, los investigadores de la Universidad de McMaster explican que se ha descubierto cómo una de estas bacteria ninja, la Salmonella Typhimurium, puede entrar en nuestro cuerpo sin ser detectada. TITULAR 4: Los microplásticos superan una barrera más y llegan hasta nuestras heces Hace apenas una semana, un estudio llevado a cabo por científicos coreanos establecía que más del 90% de las marcas de sal de mesa analizadas en países del todo el mundo contenían niveles más o menos elevados de microplásticos. Aunque las dosis detectadas en la sal no son excesivamente preocupantes, los autores de estos estudios advierten que se suman a los microplásticos que ingerimos a través de otros productos de origen marino, como el marisco.

Na trilogia “De Volta para o Futuro” vemos o Dr. Emmet Brown usando resíduos orgânicos que pega do lixo para abastecer o DeLorean e ir com o Marty e Jennifer para o futuro. Tirando a parte de viajar no espaço-tempo, utilizar material orgânico para produzir biocombustíveis já é realidade. No episódio #6 do Podcast Microbiando discutimos uma alternativa para a produção de biocombustível a partir de fermentação de lixo orgânico. O texto em discussão foi publicado em 2018 por um grupo da Universidade Nacional da Irlanda em Galway e se chama “Reproducible, high-yielding, biological caproate production from food waste using a single phase anaerobic reactor system” e em português “Produção biológica, reprodutível e de alto rendimento de caproato a partir de dejetos alimentícios usando um reator anaeróbico de fase simples (ou única)”. No Microlitros de Notícias, trouxemos diversas matérias escritas pelos nossos alunos de graduação e pós-graduação. Juliana Guimarães trouxe uma reflexão sobre a população bacteriana da microbiota intestinal de ursos pardos durante a hibernação; Gustavo Meira revela a relação entre o tipo sanguíneo e a predisposição em desenvolver sintomas graves de uma infecção bacteriana; Cecília Vieira fala sobre a descoberta de células linfóides inatas (ILCs) no leite materno e como isso ajuda a proteção dos bebês. No Filogenia da Ciência, conhecemos mais sobre a vida acadêmica do pesquisador Alexander Fleming, descobridor do antibiótico penicilina.   Tópicos comentados nesse episódio Fermentação Reator anaeróbico Microrganismos anaeróbicos Lixo orgânico Biocombustível Caproato Carboxilato/Ácidos orgânicos Síntese de ácidos graxos Fermentador do tipo leach bed reactor (reator de leito de lixiviação) Leite materno Alexander Fleming Penicilina   Referências desse episódio 2018.  Nzeteul, C. O., Trego, A. C., Abram, F., e O’Flaherty V. Reproducible, high-yielding, biological caproate production from food waste using a single-phase anaerobic reactor system. Biotechnol Biofuels. 2002. Blackwell, C. et al. Blood Group and Susceptibility to Disease Caused by Escherichia coli O157. The Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2006. Fleckenstein, JM. Identification of a two-partner secretion locus of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. Infection and Immunity. 2018. Kumar, P. et al. Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli blood group A interactions intensify diarrheal severity. The Journal of Clinical Investigation. 1993. Navas, E. et al. Blood group antigen expression on vaginal cells and mucus in women with and without a history of urinary tract infections. The Journal of Urology. 2016. Sommer F., et al. The Gut Microbiota Modulates Energy Metabolism in the Hibernating Brown Bear Ursus arctos. Cell Reports. 2015. Tan, S. Y. e Tatsumura, Y. Alexander Fleming (1881–1955): discoverer of penicillin. Singapore medical journal. 2016. Dilva Frazão. Biografia de Alexander Fleming. eBiografia. 1945. Alexander Fleming. Nobel Lecture. Nobel Prize 2014. Nobel Media AB. Sir Alexander Fleming - Biographical 2018. Sascha Cording, Jasna Medvedovic, Emelyne Lecuyer, Tegest Aychek, Gérard Eberl. Control of pathogens and microbiota by innate lymphoid cells. Microbes and Infection. 2018.Baban, Malik, Bhatia, Yu J. C. Presence and Profile of Innate Lymphoid Cells in Human Breast Milk. JAMA Pediatri.   Sobre o Podcast Microbiando A ideia do Microbiando é discutir artigos científicos de ponta em todas as áreas da microbiologia e imunologia. Vamos utilizar uma linguagem bem acessível para destrinchar esses artigos para vocês, mas sem perder o rigor científico e analítico necessário para essa tarefa. Além de discutir artigos nós teremos o quadro Microlitros de Notícias, onde nossos microbiologistas e imunologistas de plantão irão abordar pequenas reportagens e trazer novidades para vocês. No quadro filogenia da Ciência vamos contar um pouco sobre a vida de grandes personalidades que revolucionaram a Mic...

Paul Savage is an MD-PhD student in the lab of Dr. Morag Park at the Goodman Cancer Research Centre in Montreal, Canada. In this episode, we discuss his latest article published in the October 2017 edition of Cell Reports. Using a patient-derived xenograft model to screen triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) tumours for susceptibility to targeted therapies, he and his colleagues identified an exceptional responder to treatment with the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor gefitinib. Single-cell RNA sequencing and functional assays were used to characterize a new tumour-initiating program within this exceptional responder, which may represent a new target in the treatment of a subset of TNBC patients.

In this edition, we’ll explore the reasons why so many mammoth skeletons are male, with Love Dalén, Current Biology (00:00); what happens to dwarf mongooses when they immigrate to another community, with Andrew Radford, Current Biology (9:25); and an accidental experiment in open-access publishing from Cell Reports, with Editor Stephen Matheson (16:30).

In this edition, we hear about a new topical drug that has the ability to darken the skin, with David Fisher, from Cell Reports (00:00); how sense of smell may be tied to metabolism and weight control, with Andrew Dillin, from Cell Metabolism (12:08); and tips on how to make the most out of your next scientific conference, with Shawnna Buttery (19:15).

In the news this week, the launch of NeuroCDRD – a new initiative to accelerate development of treatments for neuro diseases; OICR researchers invent a new molecular barcode technology; and Aurinia Phramceuticals prices a US$150.5 million public offering of common shares. We have all this and more coming up on Biotechnology Focus Radio. Story 1 Our first story this week highlights Calgary, AB’s Oncolytics Biotech® Inc. The company has entered into a collaborative research project  with cancer charity Myeloma UK and multi-national biotech firm, Celgene.  In the joint initiative Myeloma UK has launched MUK eleven, a first-of-its-kind immunotherapy trial that aims to modulate the immune system to target myeloma. The Phase 1b trial will study Oncolytics immuno-viral therapy and lead product REOLYSIN®, in combination with Celgene Corporation's immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs), Imnovid® (pomalidomide) or Revlimid® (lenalidomide), as a rescue treatment in relapsing myeloma patients. MUK eleven’s chief investigator Gordon Cook, Consultant Haematologist at Leeds Teaching Hospitals Trust  says this trial is about taking a new approach of activating a patient's own immune system to target their myeloma (immunotherapy) using a natural virus and lenalidomide or pomalidomide. REOLYSIN will be combined with Celgene's Imnovid® or Revlimid® in patients whose myeloma is progressing while on these IMiD treatments. The dose escalation trial will look at the safety and tolerability of these combinations, and will investigate whether the addition of REOLYSIN extends disease control in this patient group. This clinical study expands on earlier pre-clinical work by Professor Cook that demonstrated that REOLYSIN has dual modes of action against multiple myeloma; being both directly cytotoxic and also activating immune effector cells to target and destroy cancer cells. Further, this immune-mediated activity can be enhanced by immunomodulatory agents to eliminate disease. The trial will aim to recruit 44 patients across up to six Myeloma UK Clinical Trial Network centres in the UK. MUK eleven is part of the Myeloma UK Clinical Trial Network, a portfolio of early stage trials coordinated by the Clinical Trials Research Unit at the University of Leeds, focused on testing and speeding up access to promising new treatments for patients. Story 2 In a unique public-private partnership, Montreal’s Cyclenium Pharma Inc. and Toronto’s Hospital for Sick Children (SickKids) have entered into a research agreement designed to facilitate the discovery of novel modulators for multiple new and existing biological targets of pharmacological interest across a variety of disease areas, including cardiovascular, immunology and oncology.  Cylenium is a company focused on discovery and development of novel drug candidates through the use of its proprietary macrocyclic chemistry. The collaboration will give SickKids researchers immediate access to the company’s QUEST Library™ of next generation macrocyclic molecules and associated chemical hit and lead optimization capabilities. The initial objective of the partnership is to identify compounds capable of interacting with specific therapeutic targets being studied at SickKids, thereby providing tools to improve the understanding of their involvement in the pathophysiology of specific diseases, with the ultimate goal of discovering novel therapeutic or diagnostic agents. Cyclenium president, CSO and CEO Dr. Helmut Thomas.adds that his company’s library will be made available to researchers through the SickKids Proteomics, Analytics, Robotics & Chemical Biology Centre (SPARC BioCentre). The SPARC BioCentre is a high-throughput drug screening facility at SickKids. One of the first studies to be initiated involves targets implicated for the treatment of cancer and immune disorders. For Cyclenium, this is the latest in an extensive series of international discovery collaborations established with prominent companies and research institutions to explore the exciting potential of its unique macrocycle chemistry technology, including Astellas Pharma, Haplogen GmbH, Fundación MEDINA, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), McGill University/Goodman Cancer Research Centre, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC)/Université de Montréal, and Southern Research Institute. Story 3 Clinical-stage drug developer Aurinia Pharmaceuticals last week announced the pricing of secondary public offering for gross proceeds of approximately $150.5 million US. As part of the offereing the company is selling 22.3 million shares at $6.75 per share. Leerink Partners LLC and Cantor Fitzgerald & Co. are acting as joint book-running managers for the Offering, that is expected to close March 20th. The cash will be very beneficial as the Victoria-based company intends to initiate a Phase 3 trial for its lead drug candidate, voclosporin, in treating lupus nephritis. The trial will commence in the second quarter. The drug successfully went through a positive 48-week data phase 2b trial in 2016 and 2017, and seems on track to becoming the first drug to demonstrate a clear benefit for the disease. As an aside, Aurinia’s stock had hit an all-time high of $10.50 per share on March 13, the eve of the public offering announcement. By offering its shares at $6.75 the next day, new investors received a 36 percent discount. Canada’s Motley Fool reported that while it may seem as if investors are getting a raw deal, it should be noted that the stock began 2017 at just $2 per share. Motley Fool further commented that there are only 53.45 million shares outstanding today, and the company ended 2016 with less than $40 million in cash. In other words, while the number of shares will be diluted by 41.7%, the company will more than quadruple its cash. Story 4 In Toronto,  a team of cancer researchers have identified a protein biomarker expressed on the surface of tumour cells in high-grade serous ovarian cancer, the most common and lethal subtype of the disease. The findings, featured on the cover of the March 7 issue of Cell Reports, show that patients with high levels of the biomarker, CD151, have a poor prognosis, says lead author Mauricio Medrano, a molecular biologist and research associate at Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network. “Ovarian cancer is many diseases,” says Dr. Medrano. “By identifying CD151 and its underlying role in cancer cell survival, we hope to develop a therapy to target it. As a marker for poor prognosis, with further research, there is the potential to develop a clinical screening tool to help personalize cancer treatment for patients.” The research was led by principal investigator Dr. Robert Rottapel, senior scientist and Professor, Departments of Medical Biophysics and Immunology, University of Toronto. In lab experiments, the research team used cell lines derived from 40 patient tumour samples to identify that CD151 contributes to the survival of cells of high-grade serous ovarian cancer origin. The team further analysed tissue samples from a cohort of approximately 1,000 patients to establish the correlation of high levels of CD151 to poor prognosis. Dr. Medrano says the study provides a lot of new information about other possible targets, not only CD151, that could be important and can provide new ideas for how to target ovarian cancer.” The research was supported by the Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Ovarian Cancer Canada, the Canadian Ovarian Cancer Research Consortium’s biobank funded by the Terry Fox Research Institute, and The Princess Margaret Cancer Foundation. Story 5 Also In Toronto, Researchers at the Ontario Institute for Cancer Research (OICR), together with international collaborators, have invented a technique to avoid a major problem with common laboratory techniques and improve the sensitivity of important cancer tests. The findings, recently published in the journal Nature Protocols, describe a process by which the sensitivity of DNA sequencing can be improved. The technology, called SiMSen-Seq, could aid in detecting the recurrence of cancers, catching possible disease relapses faster than current methods and improving patient outcomes. Essentially the scientists have created a DNA barcode with a hairpin structure that as Dr. Paul Krzyzanowski, Program Manager of OICR’s Genome Technologies Program explains opens up to be read when heated and contracts when cooled. This allows researchers to ‘hide’ the barcode and analyze more patient DNA fragments in a single reaction he says. Cirrently, for DNA sequencing, scientists often use a technique called polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to increase the amount of DNA available from a sample. However, PCR can introduce mistakes that can limit researchers’ ability to detect real mutations in the original DNA molecules. To track the original molecules in a sample, molecular tags called DNA barcodes are added. This technique is essential for sensitive detection of mutations but can lead to other errors, as components of the tags can interfere with each other and affect the final results. Dr. Krzyzanowski led the development of analysis pipeline software used in SiMSen-Seq which flags errors in sequencing results and corrects them computationally. Current genome sequencing technologies return results with error rates of about one per cent, meaning that for researchers to be certain that a mutation exists it has to be detected in a sample at a rate of greater than one per cent. Dr. Krzyanowski says that the SimSen-Seq technology has lowered this error rate 100-fold, meaning that the recurrence of cancers could be detected at lower levels and earlier than before, allowing patients to receive additional treatment sooner. His team has already patented the technique, and while it can conceivably be performed in any molecular biology lab, the group also hopes to make their expertise in using the method available to the research community. Those interested in accessing this service can do so through OICR’s Collaborative Research Resources directory. Story 6 In our final story, three leading players in Canada’s health sciences sector are joining forces to create a novel drug development platform that will help advance new therapeutics for some of the most debilitating conditions such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), also known as Lou Gehrig’s disease, and Parkinson’s disease. The initiative, under the banner of ‘NeuroCDRD’, is jointly led by The Centre for Drug Research and Development (CDRD), the Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital at McGill University (MNI), and Merck. Its initial focus is the creation of a high-content hiPSC (human-induced pluripotent stem cell) screening platform that will help researchers better model neurological disease. Development of new drugs for neurological diseases has long been hampered by the lack of predictive humanized models, and many treatments that have looked promising in animal studies have in turn failed in subsequent human clinical trials. To mitigate this challenge, this new collaboration will use the MNI’s renowned hiPSC platform and bring together experts from MNI’s neurological and CDRD’s drug screening and assay development teams to develop a new generation of disease-specific research models using patient-derived hiPSCs. The idea is to significantly reduce research timelines and costs, making it possible to develop future hiPSC models for neurological diseases with smaller patient populations. As Gordon McCauley, President and CEO of CDRD explains this collaborative initiative not only combines the cutting-edge science of academia, that it will also benefit from CDRD’s translational abilities, and the commercial resources of a top industry partner like Merck. “By working together, we are a catalyst for Canadian life sciences leading the world,” he said. And that wraps up another weekly episode of the Biotechnology Focus RADIO. A special shout out to Laskey Hart who works tirelessly to produce each weeks show, and to the Biotechnology Focus research team for tracking this weeks stories.  As we’re always on the lookout for your story ideas and podcast suggestions we’d love to hear from you our listeners, to let us know what’s hot on the Canadian biotech scene.  Be sure reach out to us via twitter @biotechfocus, or by email at  press@promotivemedia.ca with your suggestions. And of course, you can also catch up on past episodes online via our podcast portal at www.biotechnologyfocus.ca .

Protein is really important for dieting success, right? Anyone who has interested in the science of dieting knows this, but recent research from Bettina Mittendorfer, Research Associate Professor at Washington University in St. Louis's School of Medicine, and colleagues published in Cell Reports has raised doubts that protein is indeed a wholly-helpful solution. To shed light on this study and its findings, Dan invited Dr. Stephan Guyenet to join humanOS Radio for a conversation. Perhaps no other person has done more in the last few years to help the general public, and even health professionals, understand the true meaning of new research dealing with energy regulation and weight control.

In this edition, we learn about the superhighway of nerves that connects the two halves of the human brain with Ilan Gobius, Cell Reports (0:00), why naked mole rats don’t feel pain with Gary Lewin, Cell Reports (8:00), and the prospects for unisex birth control with Polina Lishko, Trends in Biochemical Sciences (14:40).

This episode: In mice and fruit flies, Lactobacillus species induce gut cells to protect themselves from reactive oxygen compounds! Download Episode (8.2 MB, 8.9 minutes) Show notes: News item Journal Paper: Jones, R. M. et al. Lactobacilli Modulate Epithelial Cytoprotection through the Nrf2 Pathway. Cell Reports 12, 1217–1225 (2015). Other interesting stories: Gut microbes in mice help prevent development of diabetes Bacteria could degrade nicotine to help people quit smoking Even dead probiotic bacteria protect nematodes against pathogens (paper) Discovery of TNT-degrading yeast for bioremediation Engineered yeast can produce opioids Post questions or comments here or email to bacteriofiles at gmail dot com. Thanks for listening! Subscribe at iTunes, check out the show at Twitter or Facebook

In this edition, we’ll hear about quantitative techniques to study single cells (00: 00 with Rick Horowitz, Trends in Cell Biology), giant cells and how they behave (9:35 with Admar Verschoor and Ronny Milde, Cell Reports) and round-up of hot research stories from Cell Press (19:00).