Podcasts about bitcoin a peer

Alle reden über Bitcoin – aber wie entsteht er eigentlich? Unser Host Gregor erkundet eine Bitcoin-Mine und taucht ein in die Welt des digitalen Goldes. Hinweis: Diese Folge wurde am 20. Februar 2025 aufgenommen, auf eventuelle Bitcoin-Kursschwankungen können wir daher nicht eingehen.**********Zusätzliche InformationenWir haben gewählt. Unser Podcast-Mitarbeiter-des-Monats ist: Der Rechner in Kristians finnischer Mine, der 3.125 Bitcoins zu Tage gefördert hat. Habt ihr einen anderen Vorschlag? Meldet euch bei whatthewirtschaft@deutschlandfunknova.de  Hörtipp: Dlf-Hintergrund | Bitcoin entzweit die FinanzweltHörtipp: Update Erde | Dicke Luft: Wie können wir uns davor schützen?**********An dieser Folge waren beteiligt: Gesprächspartner: Kristian, besitzt eine Bitcoin-Mine und ein mittelständisches Unternehmen Hosts: Gregor Lischka und Marcus Wolf  Produktion: Uwe Breunig  Redaktion: Anne Göbel**********Die Quellen zur Folge:Gill, M. and Stinner, J. and Tyrell, M. (2024): Economic Limits of Bitcoin's Environmental Promises: Pathway or Pitfall for the Green Transformation?  Nakamoto, S. (2008) Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System.Eine Zusammenfassung der Studie, die sich mit der Umweltbelastung des Bitcoin-Mining und den Potenzialen bezüglich Erneuerbarer Energien beschäftigt, findet ihr hier: Studie der UW/H nimmt die Umweltbelastung des Bitcoin-Mining unter die Lupe .**********Weitere Beiträge zum Thema:Tupper, Amway und Co.: Die vielen Leben des NetzwerkmarketingsFinanzen: Das Einmaleins des GeldanlegensKryptowährung - Klage auf Änderung des Bitcoin-Programmcodes**********Habt ihr auch manchmal einen WTF-Moment, wenn es um Wirtschaft und Finanzen geht? Wir freuen uns über eure Themenvorschläge und Feedback an whatthewirtschaft@deutschlandfunknova.de.**********Den Artikel zum Stück findet ihr hier.**********Ihr könnt uns auch auf diesen Kanälen folgen: TikTok auf&ab , TikTok wie_geht und Instagram .

In this special episode of Seize & Desist, our host, Aidan Larkin, sits down with blockchain intelligence specialist, author and Asset Reality co-founder Nick Furneaux for a behind-the-scenes look at his second book, ‘There's No Such Thing As Crypto Crime', and the challenges of writing it over the last two years while balancing work, family, and building a house.Nick shares his journey from leaving school at 16 with no qualifications to becoming one of the world's foremost authorities in crypto investigations, having analyzed over $20 billion worth of crypto-related crime and trained thousands of investigators globally.Aidan and Nick also discuss the growing challenges for law enforcement, the role of AI in fighting scams, the rise of organised crypto crime, and why education and better training are essential for tackling the evolving world of cryptocurrency.Timestamps02:00 - Nick's background06:00 - Nick's first experience with crypto14:00 - Lessons from Yap Island: How Public Ledgers Work16:00 - Why investigators must understand crypto18:00 - Why so many scams use cryptocurrency25:00 - Understanding the appeal of Bitcoin ATMs33:00 - The challenges presented by AI38:30 - Building a future of accessible crypto educationResources MentionedThere's No Such Thing as Crypto Crime: An Investigative HandbookInvestigating Cryptocurrencies: Amazon.co.uk The world's first crypto auction: Asset Reality's origin story Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System Sweden pays drug dealer £1m after seizing his Bitcoin Operation ShamrockBillion-dollar cyberfraud industry expands in Southeast Asia as criminals adopt new technologieshttps://www.linkedin.com/posts/aidan-larkin-29810781_bitcoinatm-moneylaundering-activity-7259916571886694400-AUpI/ TRON, Tether, and TRM Labs Establish First-Ever Private Sector Financial Crime Unit to Combat Crypto Crime | TRM InsightsVirtual Asset Transfer Fundamentals | Asset Reality Academy About our GuestNick Furneaux is a leading blockchain intelligence specialist with over 20 years of experience in computer security and forensics. He is the author of ‘Investigating Cryptocurrencies' (2018) and ‘There's No Such Thing As Crypto Crime' (2024), the only books focused on investigating crypto-related criminal activity. Nick also serves as a Blockchain Intelligence Expert at TRM Labs and is the co-founder of Asset Reality.Over the course of his career, Nick has contributed to high-profile investigations in fraud, murder, terrorism, and child protection, focusing on live data acquisition, volatile data analysis, and the role of cryptocurrency in criminal activity.A sought-after speaker at global conferences such as SOCEX and ACFE, Nick regularly provides training to governments, law enforcement, and corporations worldwide on advanced forensic techniques.DisclaimerOur podcasts are for informational purposes only. They are not intended to provide legal, tax, financial, and/or investment advice. Listeners must consult their own advisors before making decisions on the topics discussed. Asset Reality has no responsibility or liability for any decision made or any other acts or omissions in connection with your use of this material.The views expressed by guests are their own and their appearance on the program does not imply an endorsement of them or any entity they represent. Views and opinions expressed by Asset Reality employees are those of the employees and do not necessarily reflect the views of the company. Asset Reality does not guarantee or warrant the accuracy, completeness, timeliness, suitability or validity of the information in any particular podcast and will not be responsible for any claim attributable to errors, omissions, or other inaccuracies of any part of such material. Unless stated otherwise, reference to any specific product or entity does not constitute an endorsement or recommendation by Asset Reality.

Our guest on the podcast today is Matt Hougan, one of the world's leading experts on crypto, exchange-traded funds, and financial technology. He's the chief investment officer for Bitwise Asset Management, which offers several cryptocurrency-related funds and ETFs. He was previously chief executive officer of ETF.com and Inside ETFs. Hougan is co-author of A Comprehensive Guide to Exchange-Traded Funds and “Cryptoassets: The Guide to Bitcoin, Blockchain, and Cryptocurrency for Investment Professionals” for the CFA Institute's Research Foundation. He graduated from Bowdoin College with a BA in philosophy.BackgroundBioA Comprehensive Guide to Exchange-Traded Funds (ETFs), by Matt Hougan“Cryptoassets: The Guide to Bitcoin, Blockchain, and Cryptocurrency for Investment Professionals,” by Matt Hougan and David Lawant, CFA Research Foundation Briefs, January 2021.The Beginning of Cryptocurrency“The Bitcoin White Paper Is Now Officially 15 Years Old,” by Pete Rizzo, Forbes.com, Oct. 31, 2023.“Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System,” by Satoshi NakamotoCrypto Scandals“What Was the Silk Road Online? History and Closure by the FBI,” by the Investopedia Team, Investopedia.com, June 29, 2024.“What Was Mt. Gox? Definition, History, Collapse, and Future,” by the Investopedia Team, Investopedia.com, April 23, 2024.“FTX Crash Is Eerily Similar to the Bernie Madoff Scandal, ex-regulator Sheila Blair Says,” by Matt Egan, cnn.com, Nov. 15, 2022.Crypto Performance“Crypto Market Review (Q2 2024),” by Matt Hougan, Juan Leon, Ryan Rasmussen, Alyssa Choo, Gayatri Choudhury, and Mallika Kolar, bitwiseinvestments.com, July 9, 2024.“Ether ETF Is One Step Away From Approval as Price of Bitcoin, Ethereum, BNB, XRP, Solana, Cardano, Shiba Inu, and Dogecoin Turn Mixed,” by Dan Runkevicius, forbes.com, June 26, 2024.“What Financial Advisors Don't Know About Bitcoin ETFs,” Big Picture in Practice podcast, Morningstar.com, June 6, 2024.“BlackRock's $20 Billion ETF Is Now the World's Largest Bitcoin Fund,” by Katie Greifeld and Sidhartha Shukla, Bloomberg.com, May 29, 2024.“Bitcoin's Role in a Traditional Portfolio,” by Matt Hougan and Gayatri Choudhury, bitwiseinvestments.com, Aug. 28, 2023.“The 60/30/10 Portfolio: How to Build a Diversified Crypto Sleeve,” by Matt Hougan, bitwiseinvestments.com, July 22, 2024.“Five Things to Expect by the Next Halving in 2028,” by Matt Hougan, bitwiseinvestments.com, April 23, 2024.“The Crypto Market Sell-Off: What Happened and Where We Go From Here,” by Matt Hougan, bitwiseinvestments.com, Aug. 5, 2024.“Ethereum ETPs and the Path to a New All-Time High,” by Matt Hougan, bitwiseinvestments.com, July 15, 2024.Other“Bitcoin Price Surges Above $30,500; But Warren Buffett Still Thinks It's a Gamble,” by Harrison Miller, investors.com, April 13, 2023.“SEC Approves Spot Ether ETFs,” by Kyle Torpey, Investopedia.com, July 23, 2024.“What Is Tokenization?” by Matt Hougan, bitwiseinvestments.com, April 17, 2025.SolanaCoinMarketCap

Bitcoin was introduced in 2008 by an enigmatic figure known as Satoshi Nakamoto, whose true identity remains one of the biggest mysteries in the tech world. Nakamoto published a whitepaper titled "Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System," outlining a decentralized currency system that operates without a central authority. This groundbreaking idea aimed to offer a new form of money that could be transferred instantly and securely across the globe. The story begins with the mining of the first Bitcoin block, the Genesis Block, in January 2009. Nakamoto himself mined this block, embedding a cryptic message about the financial crisis, hinting at Bitcoin's purpose as a response to traditional banking failures. Over the next year, Bitcoin remained an obscure experiment, used primarily by a small group of cryptography enthusiasts. In 2010, Bitcoin began to gain wider attention when it was first used in a real-world transaction. A programmer named Laszlo Hanyecz famously paid 10,000 bitcoins for two pizzas, an event now celebrated annually as Bitcoin Pizza Day. This transaction highlighted Bitcoin's potential as a medium of exchange and sparked broader interest. As Bitcoin's popularity grew, so did the community around it. Developers continued to refine the software, enhancing its security and functionality. In 2011, Nakamoto vanished from the public eye, leaving behind a legacy that would be carried forward by others. This period saw the emergence of Bitcoin exchanges, enabling users to trade bitcoins for traditional currencies. The following years were marked by rapid growth and significant milestones. Bitcoin's price began to climb, attracting both investors and scrutiny from regulators. The infamous Mt. Gox exchange hack in 2014, where millions of dollars' worth of bitcoins were stolen, underscored the need for better security measures in the burgeoning cryptocurrency market. Despite challenges, Institutional interest grew, with major companies and financial institutions recognizing Bitcoin as a legitimate asset class. By the end of the 2010s, Bitcoin had cemented its status as "digital gold," a store of value comparable to precious metals. Today, Bitcoin remains at the forefront of the cryptocurrency revolution. Its decentralized nature, limited supply, and robust security make it a unique financial instrument in an increasingly digital world. As Bitcoin evolves, it continues to inspire discussions about the future of money, technology, and trust in an ever-changing global economy. Patreon -- https://www.patreon.com/theconspiracypodcast Our Website - www.theconspiracypodcast.com Our Email - info@theconspiracypodcast.com

Rick Howard, N2K's CSO and The Cyberwire's Chief Analyst and Senior Fellow, interviews Andy Greenberg about his 2024 Cybersecurity Canon Hall of Fame book: “Tracers in the Dark.” References: Andy Greenberg, 2022. Tracers in the Dark: The Global Hunt for the Crime Lords of Cryptocurrency [Book]. Goodreads. Larry Pesce, 2024. Tracers in the Dark: The Global Hunt for the Crime Lords of Cryptocurrency [Book Review]. Cybersecurity Canon Project. Rick Howard, 2024. Tracers in the Dark: The Global Hunt for the Crime Lords of Cryptocurrency [Book Review]. Cybersecurity Canon Project. Ben Rothke, 2024. Tracers in the Dark: The Global Hunt for the Crime Lords of Cryptocurrency [Book Review]. Cybersecurity Canon Project. TheScriptVEVO, 2012. The Script - Hall of Fame (Official Video) ft. will.i.am [Music Video]. YouTube. Satoshi Nakamoto, 2008. Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System [Historic and Important Paper]. Bitcoin. Rick Howard, 2023. Cybersecurity First Principles: A Reboot of Strategy and Tactics [Book]. Goodreads. RSA Presentation:  May. 9, 2024 | 9:40 AM - 10:30 AM PT Rick Howard, Simone Petrella , 2024. The Moneyball Approach to Buying Down Risk, Not Superstars [Presentation]. RSA 2024 Conference.

Rick Howard, N2K's CSO and The Cyberwire's Chief Analyst and Senior Fellow, interviews Andy Greenberg about his 2024 Cybersecurity Canon Hall of Fame book: “Tracers in the Dark.” References: Andy Greenberg, 2022. Tracers in the Dark: The Global Hunt for the Crime Lords of Cryptocurrency [Book]. Goodreads. Larry Pesce, 2024. Tracers in the Dark: The Global Hunt for the Crime Lords of Cryptocurrency [Book Review]. Cybersecurity Canon Project. Rick Howard, 2024. Tracers in the Dark: The Global Hunt for the Crime Lords of Cryptocurrency [Book Review]. Cybersecurity Canon Project. Ben Rothke, 2024. Tracers in the Dark: The Global Hunt for the Crime Lords of Cryptocurrency [Book Review]. Cybersecurity Canon Project. TheScriptVEVO, 2012. The Script - Hall of Fame (Official Video) ft. will.i.am [Music Video]. YouTube. Satoshi Nakamoto, 2008. Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System [Historic and Important Paper]. Bitcoin. Rick Howard, 2023. Cybersecurity First Principles: A Reboot of Strategy and Tactics [Book]. Goodreads. RSA Presentation:  May. 9, 2024 | 9:40 AM - 10:30 AM PT Rick Howard, Simone Petrella , 2024. The Moneyball Approach to Buying Down Risk, Not Superstars [Presentation]. RSA 2024 Conference. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In October 2008, a paper titled ‘Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System' was published, announcing the creation of one of the world's first cryptocurrencies. This paper was written by Satoshi Nakamoto, the inventor of Bitcoin. Nakamoto then created a message board called BitcoinTalk and wrote, “I've developed a new open-source P2P e-cash system called Bitcoin. It is completely decentralized, with no central server or trusted parties, because everything is based on cryptographic proof instead of trust. Give it a try.” Obviously, people did. But who is Satoshi Nakamoto? The short answer is no one knows. There is at least one real person behind this alias because someone wrote the code for Bitcoin, published a paper about crypto, sent emails and made forum posts about the new digital currency. But beyond that, Nakamoto's identity remains a mystery. Website: https://aperture.gg/ YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@ApertureScience Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/theapertureyt/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/TheApertureYT Merch: https://aperture.gg/merch

So, here's my Top 100 snippets of knowledge for blockchain: Blockchains use public key methods to integrate digital trust. Bob signs for a transaction with his private key, and Alice proves this with Bob's public key. The first usable public key method was RSA — and created by Rivest, Shamir and Adleman. It was first published in 1979 and defined in the RSA patent entitled “Cryptographic Communications System and Method”. Blockchains can either be permissioned (requiring rights to access the blockchain) or permissionless (open to anyone to use). Bitcoin and Ethereum are the two most popular permissionless blockchains, and Hyperledger is the most popular permissioned ledger. Ralph Merkle — the boy genius — submitted a patent on 5 Sept 1979 and which outlined the Merkle hash. This is used to create a block hash. Ralph Merkle's PhD supervisor was Martin Hellman (famous as the co-creator of the Diffie-Hellman method). David Chaum is considered as founders of electronic payments, and, in 1983, created ECASH, along with publishing a paper on “Blind signatures for untraceable payments”. Miners gather transactions on a regular basis, and these are added to a block and where each block has a Merkle hash. The first block on a blockchain does not have any previous blocks — and is named the genesis block. Blocks are bound in a chain, and where the previous, current and next block hashes are bound into the block. This makes the transactions in the block immutable. Satoshi Nakamoto worked with Hal Finney on the first versions of Bitcoin, and which were created for a Microsoft Windows environment. Craig Steven Wright has claimed that he is Satoshi Nakamoto, but this claim has never been verified. Most blockchains use elliptic curve cryptography — a method which was created independently by Neal Koblitz and Victor S. Miller in 1985. Elliptic curve cryptography algorithms did not take off until 2004. Satoshi selected the secp256k1 curve for Bitcoin, and which gives the equivalent of 128-bit security. The secp256k1 curve uses the mapping of y²=x³ + 7 (mod p), and is known as a Short Weierstrass (“Vier-strass”) curve. The prime number used with secp256k1 is ²²⁵⁶−²³²−²⁹−²⁸−²⁷−²⁶−²⁴−1. Satoshi published a 9-page paper entitled “Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System” White Paper on 31 Oct 31, 2008. In 1997, Adam Black introduce the concept of Proof of Work of Hashcash in a paper entitled, “Hashcash — a denial of service countermeasure.” This work was used by Satoshi in his whitepaper. Satoshi focused on: a decentralized system, and a consensus model and addressed areas of double-spend, Sybil attacks and Eve-in-the-middle. The Sybil attack is where an adversary can take over the general consensus of a network — and leads to a 51% attack, and where the adversary manages to control 51% or more of the consensus infrastructure. Satoshi used UK spelling in his correspondence, such as using the spelling of “honour”. The first Bitcoin block was minted on 3 Jan 2009 and contained a message of “Chancellor on brink of second bailout for banks” (the headline from The Times, as published in London on that day). On 12 Jan 2009, Satoshi sent the first Bitcoin transaction of 50 BTC to Hal Finney [here]. A new block is created every 7–10 minutes on Bitcoin. In Aug 2023, the total Bitcoin blockchain size is 502 GB. As of Aug 2023, the top three cryptocurrencies are Bitcoin, Ether, and Tether. Bitcoin has a capitalization of $512 billion, Ether with $222 billion, and Tether at $83 billion. The total cryptocurrency capitalisation is $1.17 trillion. The original block size was 1MB for Bitcoin, but recently upgraded to support a 1.5MB block — and has around 3,000 transactions. Currently the block sizes are more than 1.7MB. Bitcoin uses a gossip protocol — named the Lightning Protocol — to propagate transactions. A Bitcoin wallet is created from a random seed value. This seed value is then used to create the 256-bit secp256k1 private key. A wallet seed can be converted into a mnemonic format using BIP39, and which uses 12 common words. This is a deterministic key, and which allows the regeneration of the original key in the correct form. BIP39 allows for the conversion of the key to a number of languages, including English, French and Italian. A private key in a wallet is stored in a Wif format, and which is a Base58 version of the 256-bit private key. The main source code for the Bitcoin blockchain is held at https://github.com/bitcoin, and is known as Bitcoin core. This is used to create nodes, store coins, and transactions with other nodes on the Bitcoin network. A 256-bit private key has 115,792 billion billion billion billion billion billion billion billion different keys. A public Bitcoin ID uses Base58 and has a limited character set of ‘123456789ABCDEFGHJKLMN PQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijkmno pqrstuvwxyz', where we delete ‘0' (zero), ‘l' (lowercase ‘l'), and ‘I' (capital I) — as this can be interpreted as another character. In Bitcoin and Ethereum, a private key (x) is converted to a public key with x.G, and where G is the base point on the secp256k1 curve. An uncompressed secp256k1 public key has 512 bits and is an (x,y) point on the curve. The point starts with a “04”. A compressed secp256k1 public key only stores the x-co-ordinate value and whether the y coordinate is odd or even. It starts with a “02” if the y-co-ordinate is even, otherwise it starts with a “03”. In 1992, Eric Hughes, Timothy May, and John Gilmore set up the cypherpunk movement and defined, “We the Cypherpunks are dedicated to building anonymous systems. We are defending our privacy with cryptography, with anonymous mail forwarding systems, with digital signatures, and with electronic money.” In Ethereum, the public key is used as the identity of a user (a.G), and is defined as a hexademical value. In Bitcoin, the public ID is created from a SHA256 hash of the public key, and then a RIPEMD160 of this, and then covered to Base58. In computing the public key in ECC of a.G, we use the Montgomery multiplication method and which was created by Peter Montgomery in 1985, in a paper entitled, “Modular Multiplication without Trial Division.” Elliptic Curve methods use two basic operations: point address (P+G) and point doubling (2.P). These can be combined to provide the scalar operation of a.G. In 1999, Don Johnson Alfred Menezes published a classic paper on “The Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm (ECDSA)”. It was based on the DSA (Digital Signature Algorithm) — created by David W. Kravitz in a patent which was assigned to the US. The core signature used in Bitcoin and Ethereum is ECDSA (Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm), and which uses a random nonce for each signature. The nonce value should never repeat or be revealed. Ethereum was first conceived in 2013 by Vitalik Buterin, Gavin Wood, Charles Hoskinson, Anthony Di Iorio and Joseph Lubin. It introduced smaller blocks, an improved proof of work, and smart contracts. Bitcoin is seen as a first-generation blockchain, and Ethereum as a second-generation. These have been followed by third-generation blockchains, such as IOTA, Cardano and Polkadot — and which have improved consensus mechanisms. Bitcoin uses a consensus mechanism which is based on Proof-of-Work, and where miners focus on finding a block hash that has a number of leading “0”s. The difficulty of the mining is defined by the hashing rate. At the current time, this is around 424 million TH/s. There are around 733,000 unique Bitcoin addresses being used. Satoshi defined a reward to miners for finding the required hash. This was initially set at 50 BTC, but was set to half at regular intervals. On 11 January 2021, it dropped from 12.5 BTC to 6.2 BTC. Bitcoin currently consumes around 16.27 GWatts of power each year to produce a consensus — equivalent to the power consumed by a small country. In creating bitcoins, Satoshi created a P2PKH (Pay to Public Key Hash) address. These addresses are used to identify the wallet to be paid and links to the public key of the owner. These addresses start with a ‘1'. In order to support the sending of bitcoins to and from multiple addresses, Bitcoin was upgraded with SegWit (defined in BIP141). The wallet address then integrates the pay-to-witness public key hash (Pay to script hash — P2SH). These addresses start with a ‘3'. Ethereum uses miners to undertake work for changing a state and running a smart contract. They are paid in “gas” or Ether and which relates to the amount of computation conducted. This limits denial of service attacks on the network and focuses developers on creating efficient code. Ethereum supports the creation of cryptocurrency assets with ERC20 tokens — and which are FT (Fungible Tokens). For normal crypto tokens (ERC-20) we use, there is a finite number of these, and each of these is the same. Ethereum creates NFTs (Non-Fungible Tokens) with ERC721 tokens. We mint these each time and each is unique. Solidity is the programming language used in Ethereum, while Hyperledger can use Golang, Node.js and Java. For Ethereum, we compile Solidity code into EVM (Ethereum Virtual Machine) code. This is executed on the blockchain. Blockchain uses the SHA-256 hash for transaction integrity. Ethereum uses the Keccak hash is used to define the integrity of a transaction. This is based on SHA-3, and differs slightly from Keccak. The Keccak hash family uses a sponge function and was created by Guido Bertoni, Joan Daemen, Michaël Peeters, and Gilles Van Assche, and standardized by NIST in August 2015 as SHA-3. The DAO is a decentralized autonomous organization (DAO) for the Ethereum blockchain and was launched in 2016. In 2016, DAO raised $150 million through a token sale but was hacked and funds were stolen. This resulted in a forking of the blockchain: Ethereum and Ethereum Classic. Non-interactive Zero Knowledge Proofs (NI-ZKP) allow an entity to prove that they have knowledge of something — without revealing it. A typical secret is the ownership of a private key. NI-ZKPs involve a prover (Peggy), a verifier (Victor) and a witness (Wendy) and were first defined by Manuel Blum, Paul Feldman, and Silvio Micali in their paper entitled, “Non-interactive zero-knowledge and its applications”. Popular ZKP methods include ZK-SNARKs (Zero-Knowledge Succinct Non-Interactive Argument of Knowledge) and ZK-STARKs (Zero-Knowledge Scalable Transparent Argument of Knowledge). Bitcoin and Ethereum are pseudo-anonymised, and where the sender and recipient of a transaction, and its value, can be traced. Privacy coins enable anonymous transactions. These include Zcash and Monero. In 1992, David Chaum and Torben Pryds Pedersen published “Wallet databases with observers,” and outlined a method of shielding the details of a monetary transaction. In 1992, Adi Shamir (the “S” in RSA) published a paper on “How to share a secret” in the Communications of the ACM. This supported the splitting of a secret into a number of shares (n) and where a threshold value (t) could be defined for the minimum number of shares that need to be brought back together to reveal the secret. These are known as Shamir Secret Shares (SSS). In 1991, Torbin P Pedersen published a paper entitled “Non-interactive and information-theoretic secure verifiable secret sharing” — and which is now known as Pedersen Commitment. This is where we produce our commitment and then show the message that matches the commitment. Distributed Key Generation (DKG) methods allow a private key to be shared by a number of trusted nodes. These nodes can then sign for a part of the ECDSA signature by producing a partial signature with these shares of the key. Not all blockchains use ECDSA. The IOTA blockchain uses the EdDSA signature, and which uses Curve 25519. This is a more lightweight signature version, and has better support for signature aggregation. It uses Twisted Edwards Curves. The core signing method used in EdDSA is based on the Schnorr signature scheme and which was created by Claus Schnorr in 1989. This was patented as, a “Method for identifying subscribers and for generating and verifying electronic signatures in a data exchange system”. The patent ran out in 2008. Curve 25519 uses the prime number of ²²⁵⁵-19 and was created by Daniel J. Bernstein. Peter Shor defined that elliptic curve methods can be broken with quantum computers. To overcome the cracking of the ECDSA signature from quantum computers, NIST are standardising a number of methods. At present, this focuses on CRYSTALS-Dilithium, and which is a lattice cryptography method. Bulletproofs were created in 2017 by Stanford's Applied Cryptography Group (ACG). They define a zero-knowledge proof as where a value can be checked to see it lies within a given range. The name of “bulletproofs” is defined as they are short, like a bullet, and with bulletproof security assumptions. While Bitcoin can take up to 7–10 minutes to mine a new block and create a consensus, newer blockchains, such as IOTA, can give an almost instantaneous consensus. Banks around the world are investigating CBDC (Central Bank Digital Currency) and which is not a cryptocurrency but a way to quickly define a consensus on a transaction. Homomorphic encryption methods allow for the processing of encrypted values using arithmetic operations. A public key is used to encrypt the data, and which can then be processed using an arithmetic circuit on the encrypted data. The owner of the associated private key can then decrypt the result. Some traditional public key methods enable partial homomorphic encryption. RSA and ElGamal allow for multiplication and division, whilst Pailier allows for homomorphic addition and subtraction. Full homomorphic encryption (FHE) supports all of the arithmetic operations and includes Fan-Vercauteren (FV) and BFV (Brakerski/Fan-Vercauteren) for integer operations and HEAAN (Homomorphic Encryption for Arithmetic of Approximate Numbers) for floating point operations. Most of the Full Homomorphic encryption methods use lattice cryptography. Some blockchain applications use Barreto-Lynn-Scott (BLS) curves which are pairing friendly. They can be used to implement Bilinear groups and which are a triplet of groups (G1, G2 and GT), so that we can implement a function e() such that e(g1^x,g2^y)=gT^{xy}. Pairing-based cryptography is used in ZKPs. The main BLS curves used are BLS12–381, BLS12–446, BLS12–455, BLS12–638 and BLS24–477. An accumulator can be used for zero-knowledge proof of knowledge, such as using a BLS curve to create to add and remove proof of knowledge. Open Zeppelin is an open-source Solidity library that supports a wide range of functions that integrate into smart contracts in Ethereum. This includes AES encryption, Base64 integration and Elliptic Curve operations. Metamask is one of the most widely used blockchain wallets and can integrate into many blockchains. Most wallets generate the seed from the operating system and where the browser can use the Crypto.getRandomValues function, and compatible with most browsers. Solidity programs can be compiled with Remix at remix.ethereum.org. The main Ethereum network is Ethereum Mainnet. We can test smart contracts on Ethereum test networks. Current networks include sepolia.etherscan.io and goerli.net. Ether can be mined for test applications from a faucet, such as faucet.metamask.io. This normally requires some proof of work to gain the Ether — in order to protect against a Denial of Service against the Faucet. The private key can be revealed from two ECDSA signatures which use the same random nonce value. Polkadot is a blockchain which allows blockchains to exchange messages and perform transactions. The proof of work method of creating is now not preference because of the energy that it typically uses. Many systems now focus on proof of stack (PoS). A time-lock puzzle/Proof of Work involves performing a computing task which has a given cost and which cannot be cheated again. This typically involves continual hashing or continual squaring. The Chia blockchain network uses both Proof of Space (PoS) and Proof of Time (PoT). The PoS method makes use of the under-allocation of hard-disk space. With a Verifiable Delay Function (VDF), we can prove that a given amount of work has been done by a prover (Peggy). A verifier (Victor) can then send the prover a proof value and compute a result which verifies the work has been done, with the verifier not needing to do the work but can still prove the work has been done. A Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) is a one-way function which creates a unique signature pattern based on the inherent delays within the wireless and transistors. This can be used to link a device to an NFT. In Blockchain applications, we can use Non-interactive zero-knowledge (NIZK) proofs for the equality (EQ) of discrete logarithms (DL) — DLEQ. With this — in discrete logarithms — we have

This week, Anna Rose (https://twitter.com/annarrose) chats with Stefan George (https://twitter.com/stefandgeorge) from Gnosis (https://twitter.com/GnosisDAO). They start with an update on the projects that have spun out of Gnosis - Safe, Zodiac, CoW Swap - as well as older experiments that the team had incubated. They then cover the evolution of Gnosis Chain from its origin as xDai, discuss the new aggregate bridge architecture Hashi and explore Gnosis Pay - an on-chain p2p payments product that fulfills some of the original motivations of Bitcoin. They discuss a range of relevant topics such as intents, prediction markets, account abstraction, ZK Bridges, decentralization and more. Here's some additional links for this episode: Previous Podcast Eps * Episode 65: Bridges, xDai and Burner Wallets with Igor & Austin (https://zeroknowledge.fm/65-2/) * Episode 183: CowSwap & DAO Tech with Gnosis's Martin Köppelmann (https://zeroknowledge.fm/183-2/) * Episode 255: Verifying Consensus On-Chain with Succinct (https://zeroknowledge.fm/255-2/) * Episode 285: Intents with Chris Goes from Anoma (https://zeroknowledge.fm/285-2/) Papers * Why sharding is great: demystifying the technical properties (https://vitalik.ca/general/2021/04/07/sharding.html) * Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System by Satoshi Nakamoto (https://www.ussc.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/training/annual-national-training-seminar/2018/Emerging_Tech_Bitcoin_Crypto.pdf) Websites * Gnosis Pay Website (https://gnosispay.com/) * DXdao Website (https://dxdao.eth.link/) * xDai Website (https://docs.gnosischain.com/about/tokens/xdai) * EigenLayer Website (https://www.eigenlayer.xyz/) zkSummit 10 is happening in London on September 20, 2023! Apply to attend now -> zkSummit 10 Application Form (https://9lcje6jbgv1.typeform.com/zkSummit10). Polygon Labs (https://polygon.technology/) is thrilled to announce Polygon 2.0: The Value Layer for the Internet (https://polygon.technology/roadmap). Polygon 2.0 and all of our ZK tech is open-source and community-driven. Reach out to the Polygon community on Discord (https://discord.gg/0xpolygon) to learn more, contribute, or join in and build the future of Web3 together with Polygon! Bonsai, RISC Zero's (https://r0.link/ZKpodcast) most anticipated product, allows developers to prove huge programs off-chain, roll them into one succinct proof, and verify anywhere with low amounts of gas. Visit https://r0.link/ZKpodcast (https://r0.link/ZKpodcast) to learn more and sign up today for the Bonsai waitlist. If you like what we do: * Find all our links here! @ZeroKnowledge | Linktree (https://linktr.ee/zeroknowledge) * Subscribe to our podcast newsletter (https://zeroknowledge.substack.com) * Follow us on Twitter @zeroknowledgefm (https://twitter.com/zeroknowledgefm) * Join us on Telegram (https://zeroknowledge.fm/telegram) * Catch us on YouTube (https://zeroknowledge.fm/)

Le 31 octobre 2008, une personne se faisant appeler par le pseudonyme de Satoshi Nakamoto publie un document scientifique intitulé Bitcoin : A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System. Dans ce White Paper, il décrit les grands principes du futur protocole Bitcoin. Cela va faire bientôt 15 ans que le White Paper a été publié, et malgré les nombreux développements opérés sur le protocole depuis, ce papier n'a pas pris une ride. Il nous permet encore aujourd'hui de comprendre les premiers objectifs de Bitcoin et les mécanismes ingénieux qui permettent son bon fonctionnement. S'il y a bien un ouvrage que vous devriez lire pour comprendre Bitcoin, c'est celui-ci. Puisque c'est un papier scientifique, sa lecture peut paraître austère. Dans ce podcast, nous allons expliquer simplement ce que Satoshi Nakamoto décrit dans le White Paper de Bitcoin. Pour pouvoir suivre cet article, vous pouvez, vous aussi, télécharger le White Paper de Bitcoin dans sa version du 24 mars 2009 en anglais, ou bien la traduction d'Arnaud-François Fausse en français. Bonne écoute ! (Podcast disponible à la lecture sur le Blog "Comprendre Bitcoin" de Bitstack : Le White Paper de Bitcoin expliqué simplement - Chapitre 1) --- Ce podcast vous est présenté par Loïc Morel pour Bitstack, la première application en France qui vous permet d'épargner en Bitcoin sans aucun effort. ---

Les premiers jours de Bitcoin remontent au 31 octobre 2008, lorsqu'une personne (ou un groupe de personnes) opérant sous le pseudonyme de Satoshi Nakamoto a publié le White Paper de Bitcoin intitulé « Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System » (en français « Bitcoin : un système de paiement électronique pair-à-pair »). Ce court document scientifique expose les bases théoriques et les principes techniques du système Bitcoin. Le lancement effectif de Bitcoin a eu lieu le 3 janvier 2009, date à laquelle Satoshi Nakamoto a miné le premier bloc du réseau, appelé Block Genesis. Ce premier bloc contenait le célèbre message « The Times 03/Jan/2009 Chancellor on brink of second bailout for banks. » Cela faisait référence à un article du journal britannique The Times et soulignait les problèmes financiers mondiaux, tout en mettant en évidence l'une des motivations de la création de Bitcoin : proposer une alternative aux systèmes financiers traditionnels. Le 9 janvier 2009, Satoshi Nakamoto a publié la version 0.1 du logiciel Bitcoin. Trois jours plus tard, la première transaction Bitcoin a eu lieu entre Satoshi Nakamoto et Hal Finney. Satoshi a envoyé 10 bitcoins à Finney lors de cette transaction historique. Cet événement a marqué une étape importante, car il a démontré que le transfert de valeur entre deux personnes sans intermédiaire de confiance était techniquement réalisable grâce au protocole Bitcoin. Durant les premiers mois de 2009, la communauté Bitcoin a commencé à se développer lentement, avec l'arrivée de développeurs et d'utilisateurs rejoignant le réseau et contribuant au projet. Satoshi Nakamoto a poursuivi les communications avec la communauté sur des forums en ligne, des listes de diffusion et des emails privés, tout en apportant des mises à jour et des améliorations au logiciel Bitcoin. Cependant, début 2011, Satoshi Nakamoto a brusquement cessé de communiquer avec la communauté Bitcoin et a quitté le projet. Son départ inattendu, sûrement causé par l'adoption de Bitcoin par l'ONG WikiLeaks, a soulevé de nombreuses interrogations et spéculations. Cette décision de Satoshi de se retirer du projet et de préserver son anonymat a alimenté le mystère entourant son identité. Bonne écoute ! (Podcast disponible à la lecture sur le Blog "Comprendre Bitcoin" de Bitstack : Qui est Satoshi Nakamoto, le créateur de Bitcoin ?) --- Ce podcast vous est présenté par Loïc Morel pour Bitstack, la première application en France qui vous permet d'épargner en Bitcoin sans aucun effort. ---

Companies don't stay small on purpose. So how can you scale faster? Anu Hariharan (Gusto, Instacart) discusses the growing pains of going from start-up to success, how to grow as a builder and a manager, the importance of ruthless prioritization, and shares new technologies to help SMBs unlock their operations, and customer support.    LINKS & MENTIONS FROM THIS EPISODE Tech to help SMBs: Brex https://www.brex.com Stripe Atlas https://stripe.com/atlas  Gusto https://gusto.com/product Amplitude https://amplitude.com Mix Panel https://mixpanel.com Live Flow https://www.liveflow.io Keeper https://www.keeper.app Plan Grid https://construction.autodesk.com/products/autodesk-plangrid-build/ Mutiny https://www.mutinyhq.com Canva https://www.canva.com/ Other Mentions by Anu: DoorDash https://www.doordash.com  Faire https://www.faire.com  NVIDIA https://www.nvidia.com/en-us/ Boom https://boomsupersonic.com Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System by Satoshi Nakamoto https://bitcoin.org/bitcoin.pdf   CONNECT Learn more about Anu's role as Managing Director of YC Continuity Fund https://www.ycombinator.com/continuity Anu on twitter https://twitter.com/anuhariharan Anu on LinkedIn https://www.linkedin.com/in/anuhariharan/ Brent on twitter https:/https://twitter.com/BrentBeshore Brent on LinkedIn https://www.linkedin.com/in/brentbeshore  David on twitter https://twitter.com/DavidACover David on LinkedIn https://www.linkedin.com/in/david-cover-318752230/  Visit https://www.permanentequity.com/ for more Sign up for our weekly newsletter for operators, Permanent Playbook: https://www.permanentequity.com/newsletter  Sign up for a new daily newsletter from our very own Tim Hanson, Unqualified Opinions: https://www.permanentequity.com/unqualified-opinions    TIMESTAMPS 0:00 Who Is Anu? 5:00 This One Time at Capital Camp 6:19 Characteristics of a Successful Founder 11:01 The Two Stages of Scaling 13:02 Biggest Mistakes Founders Make 17:12 Hiring From the Outside vs Internal Development 20:37 Learning How to Deal with People 20:04 Builders vs Managers 27:16 How to Hire a Builder 30:39 Why Do Companies Fail? 32:35 What Silicon Valley Has Lost 34:51 Dealing With Stress 37:22 What it Takes to Succeed  40:47 Helpful Tech for SMB 46:54 Emerging Technology 48:33 Lightning Round Hariharan Hot Takes 60:43 How to Win in 2023 and Beyond 64:24 What Drives You 66:36 Where We're Going 68:01 Legal Disclaimer   EPISODE CREDITS Produced by David Cover Intro music by David Cover, Andy Freeman, Rhett Johnson, & Andrew Luley Outro music by Jees Guy   LEGAL DISCLAIMER This podcast is made available solely for educational purposes, and the information presented here does not constitute investment, legal, tax or other professional advice, and should not be construed as an offering of advisory services, or as a solicitation to buy, an offer to sell, or a recommendation of any securities or other financial instruments. The thoughts and opinions expressed by or through this podcast are those of the individual guests and speakers and do not necessarily reflect the views of Permanent Equity. The discussion on this podcast of any entity, product or service does not imply an endorsement thereof, and the guests may have a financial interest, whether through investment or otherwise, in one or more of any such entities, products or services. This podcast is presented by Permanent Equity and may not be copied, reproduced, republished or posted, in any form, without its express written consent.  

Blockchain and financial applications have been linked from the beginning. When Satoshi Nakamato published the original Bitcoin white paper in 2008, he titled it, “Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System.” Today, the lion's share of crypto headlines are about financial losses. So it's understandable that people associate chains with financial assets.  But open, public blockchains have massive utility beyond financial applications. One of the first innovators to recognize this potential was Ethereum creator Vitalik Buterin*.  In Ethereum, the Russian-Canadian computer programmer has conceived, developed, and upgraded a decentralized chain with smart-contract functionality and made it into a transformative piece of infrastructure that enables new forms of political, corporate, and social organizations. (USDC circulates on many blockchains; [as of (date)] a majority of the supply circulates on Ethereum.) In a conversation they recorded this past September in San Francisco at Converge22, Circle's inaugural ecosystem summit, Vitalik and Jeremy Allaire reviewed Ethereum's important technological progress, impediments to scaling utility, and the new models of cooperation this base layer of trust can enable. Their Money Movement episode covers:

Blockchain and financial applications have been linked from the beginning. When Satoshi Nakamato published the original Bitcoin white paper in 2008, he titled it, “Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System.” Today, the lion's share of crypto headlines are about financial losses. So it's understandable that people associate chains with financial assets.  But open, public blockchains have massive utility beyond financial applications. One of the first innovators to recognize this potential was Ethereum creator Vitalik Buterin*.  In Ethereum, the Russian-Canadian computer programmer has conceived, developed, and upgraded a decentralized chain with smart-contract functionality and made it into a transformative piece of infrastructure that enables new forms of political, corporate, and social organizations. (USDC circulates on many blockchains; as of January 12, 2023, a majority of the supply circulates on Ethereum.) In a conversation they recorded this past September in San Francisco at Converge22, Circle's inaugural ecosystem summit, Vitalik and Jeremy Allaire reviewed Ethereum's important technological progress, impediments to scaling utility, and the new models of cooperation this base layer of trust can enable.

In this episode, Colin Eberhardt is joined by colleagues Oliver Cronk, Peter Chamberlin and Chris Price for a lively discussion about blockchain. They start by looking at the mechanics of bitcoin and the economic incentive model formed by proof of work consensus. From there, they discuss enterprise or permission blockchain, which leads them to discuss some specific use cases – for example, the oil market supply-chain challenges. They also discuss technologies which are blockchain-like, but prefer not to use that term. Finally, they ask themselves the question, is blockchain just hype? Spoiler alert: for the most part the answer is yes – this is hype! Links from the podcast: Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System – Satoshi Nakamoto The DAO Video: Streamlining physical energy post-trade processes – Etienne Amic (CEO Vakt.io) Building the first enterprise blockchain platform – Lucy Kurian & Shodhan Sheth Certificate Transparency

In this week's episode, Anna (https://twitter.com/annarrose) and Guillermo (https://twitter.com/GuilleAngeris) chat with Brian Retford (https://mobile.twitter.com/brianretford) and Jeremy Bruestle (https://github.com/jbruestle) from Risc0 (https://www.risczero.com/). They discuss their previous work in cloud infrastructure and how ZK offered unique solutions to long standing scaling problems. They cover topics like RISC-V, building VMs, and how Risc-0 aims to build a system which could support a decentralized public Cloud. Here are some additional links for this episode: RISC Zero: General Purpose Zero-Knowledge Computation by Brian Retford and Jeremy Bruestle (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_Zzt5V4dnH0) RISC-V Website (https://riscv.org/) Bitcoin: A Peer to Peer Electronic Cash System by Satoshi Nakamoto (https://www.ussc.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/training/annual-national-training-seminar/2018/Emerging_Tech_Bitcoin_Crypto.pdf) AirSnort Website (https://ftp.unpad.ac.id/orari/library/library-sw-hw/linux-1/airsnort/AirSnort%20Homepage.htm) Arduino Website (https://www.arduino.cc/) Metal: Mac OS's acceleration framework (https://developer.apple.com/metal/) Episode 131: Proof of Necessary Work with Akis Kattis (NYU) (https://zeroknowledge.fm/131-2/) Check out the ZK Whiteboard Sessions here (https://zkhack.dev/whiteboard/). Produced by ZK Hack (https://twitter.com/__zkhack__) and powered by Polygon (https://polygon.technology/). Join the ZK Hack Discord (https://discord.com/invite/tHXyEbEqVN) ZK Hack Twitter (https://twitter.com/__zkhack__) Today's episode is sponsored by Mina Protocol (https://minaprotocol.com). If you're a developer looking to get hands-on experience building zero knowledge applications then you should apply for Mina's zkApp Beta Testers Leaderboard. Participants will get access to test challenges where you can learn how to build zkApps on Mina for a chance to rank on the leaderboard against other participants. The top participants will have the opportunity to be considered for a grant! Learn more about the zkApp Beta Testers Leaderboard and how you can start building zkApps by heading to minaprotocol.com/zkpodcast (https://minaprotocol.com/zkpodcast). If you like what we do: * Find all our links here! @ZeroKnowledge | Linktree (https://linktr.ee/zeroknowledge) * Subscribe to our podcast newsletter (https://zeroknowledge.substack.com) * Follow us on Twitter @zeroknowledgefm (https://twitter.com/zeroknowledgefm) * Join us on Telegram (https://zeroknowledge.fm/telegram) * Catch us on Youtube (https://zeroknowledge.fm/) * Head to the ZK Community Forum (https://community.zeroknowledge.fm/) * Support our Gitcoin Grant (https://zeroknowledge.fm/gitcoin-grant-329-zkp-2)

Blockchain, Web3 & The Future of Work   I'll be at the Future Works conference in Lisbon so fitting that we are going to be using the opportunity to talk about the next age of the Internet and what it means for the world of work. When Satoshi Nakomoto first released his manifesto "Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System" in 2009, it introduced the world to the blockchain and the possibility of a decentralised internet where the users would simultaneously be producers, distributors and earners.   - How does Blockchain - or Web3 - impact the world of work? - What applications outside of currency have we need with Blockchain? - What are the most promising HR related opportunities? - What the technical and cultural challenges behind Web3 projects? - How do we make Web3 more accessible to genpop? - What kind of recruiting goes on Web3?   All this and more with Pedro Oliveira, Founder, (Talent Protocol), Andy Spence, Founder, (WorkForce Futurist), Inês Santos Silva, Ops Lead (AthenaDAO) & Fem Markslag, Head of Talent & People Operations (Cryptio)

27th Sep

Dominik und Jochen unterhalten sich diesmal mit Simon über ein Thema, das oft eher kontrovers diskutiert wird: Cryptocurrencies, BitCoin, BlockChain, Smart Contracts und so weiter. Auf der Kontra-Seite kommen da üblicherweise moralische Einwände, während von der Pro-Seite oft eher unmoralische Angebote kommen

Criptomoedas. NFT's. Blockchain. O mundo digital também está a revolucionar a nossa vida ao nível das transações. E a melhor chave para abrir e compreender esta porta é a tão falada Blockchain. O Hugo van der Ding quis saber e por isso fez as perguntas à Joana Pais que lhe vão permitir perceber por que razão se criou a Blockchain, quais as transações que facilita, a sua ligação íntima com as criptomoedas.Pelo caminho, conhecerá também como o mundo da arte se somou ao universo digital e saberá que, através dela, também os contratos se tornaram mais inteligentes. REFERÊNCIAS E LINKS ÚTEIS:Cowen, T. e Tabarrok, A. (2022). Cryptoeconomics. https://a16zcrypto.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/cryptoeconomics-chapter-in-modern-principles-of-economics_tylercowen-alextabarrok.pdfSatoshi Nakamoto (2008). Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System:https://bitcoin.org/bitcoin.pdf[Two-sided markets] Jean Tirole (2017). Economics for the Common Good. Princeton UniversityPress. Capítulo 14.BIOSJOANA PAISJoana Pais é professora de Economia no ISEG da Universidade de Lisboa. Obteve o seu Ph.D. em Economia na Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona em 2005. Atualmente é coordenadora do programa de Mestrado em Economia e do programa de Doutoramento em Economia, ambos do ISEG, e membro da direção da unidade de investigação REM - Research in Economics and Mathematics. É ainda coordenadora do XLAB – Behavioural Research Lab, um laboratório que explora a tomada de decisão e o comportamento económico, político e social, suportado pelo consórcio PASSDA (Production and Archive of Social Science Data). Os seus interesses de investigação incluem áreas como a teoria de jogos, em particular, a teoria da afetação (matching theory), o desenho de mercados, a economia comportamental e a economia experimental.HUGO VAN DER DING Hugo van der Ding nasceu nos finais dos anos 70 ao largo do Golfo da Biscaia, durante uma viagem entre Amesterdão e Lisboa, e cresceu numa comunidade hippie nos arredores de Montpellier. Estudou História das Artes Decorativas Orientais, especializando-se em gansos de origami. Em 2012, desistiu da carreira académica para fazer desenhos nas redes sociais. Depois do sucesso de A Criada Malcriada deixou de precisar de trabalhar. Ainda assim, escreve regularmente em revistas e jornais, é autor de alguns livros e podcasts, faz ocasionalmente teatro e televisão, e continua a fazer desenhos nas redes sociais. Desde 2019 é um dos apresentadores do programa Manhãs da 3, na Antena 3.

サイファーパンクの思想に基づいて生まれたビットコイン、サトシ・ナカモトによる『Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System』の論文からこれまでの歴史を振り返ってみました。 ■サイファーパンク宣言 エリック・ヒューズ プライバシーは電子時代の開かれた社会に不可欠である。……政府・企業・その他大きな顔が見えないような組織がプライバシーを与えてくれるとは期待できない。……プライバシーを確保しようとするならば、我々は自身のプライバシーを擁護しなければならない。…… サイファーパンクはコードを書く。我々はプライバシーを擁護するためには誰かがソフトウェアを書かなければならないと確信しており、……我々はソフトウェアを書かんとする。 我々が書いたソフトウェアをあなた方が認めなくても、我々は大して気にはしない。ソフトウエアは破壊できないし、広く拡散したシステムは止められないと我々は知っているからだ。 お気軽にご質問をどうぞ。#Web3FM で感想もお待ちしています。 金城：https://twitter.com/illshin 中司：https://twitter.com/nakatsukasa_13 AKINDOのプロジェクトはこちら AKINDO：https://twitter.com/akindo_io

The advent of digital assets has taken an interesting path. These days, DeFi (decentralized finance), NFTs (non-fungible tokens) and CBDCs (central bank digital currencies) are the concepts and acronyms that are en vogue. Indeed, it now seems passe to speak of the genesis of it all in 2009, when someone named "Satoshi Nakamoto" released a paper entitled "Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System".The release of the paper and the so-called innovations it has spawned are now being touted - even beyond the financial sector - to solve everything from environmental degradation, to the crisis of unaffordable housing in developed societies and even as a means to reduce hospital errors and fatalities.Yet, to the average person on the street, past all the jargon, acronyms, and seemingly inaccessible, high-falutin discourse, what does all this techno-babble mean?Ultimately, it's a means to get rich or more precisely, others are getting wealthy using this new technology and therefore, people feel compelled to jump on the bandwagon so as to not be left behind economically.It begs the question: can the implicit promise and deepest aspirational goal of Satoshi's paper of fairer terms of transactional exchange - and consequently, a more just world through the use of Blockchain technology - ever truly be reached? Will the impact of such technology ever go beyond just creating e-currencies and payment systems whereby their effects will mainly be felt in financial and economic realms, or will they impact other aspects of the human condition?

Tuesday August 23, 2022 - Cryptocurrency has been all the rage since Satoshi Nakamoto's famous Whitepaper "Bitcoin - a Peer to Peer Electronic Cash System." Turns out, that famous whitepaper was really about the Blockchain. Now, I'm not discounting Cryptocurrency - it has already changed the world - with much promise remaining. But, it sure looks like Blockchain Technolgy is leaving Crypto behind. Blockchain is changing the Web (Facebook and Twitter will soon be obsolete thanks to blockchain technology), Insurance (Blockchain in Insurance: How Will it Change the Industry?), transportation (How blockchain can fix the transportation menace", and Banking (Wall Street Bankers Tap Blockchain Use Beyond Crypto) - and those are just today's stories. Attorney Steven A. Leahy takes a look at how Blockchain is chang9ng how we do busiess in every sector. https://cointelegraph.com/news/facebook-and-twitter-will-soon-be-obsolete-thanks-to-blockchain-technology https://readwrite.com/blockchain-in-insurance-how-will-it-change-the-industry/ https://www.financialexpress.com/digital-currency/how-blockchain-can-fix-the-transportation-menace/2640456/ https://www.pymnts.com/blockchain/2022/wall-street-bankers-tap-blockchain-use-beyond-crypto/ https://www.americanactionforum.org/insight/tracker-crypto-and-fintech-developments-in-the-biden-administration/ --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/steven-leahy1/message

欢迎各位收听 Traders' Talk 第 13 期。这一期我请来的是刘昌用老师，他将元宇宙分为了四个层次，由浅入深、层层递进地拆解了这个大词背后的含义和层次。总体而言，这期音频的内容是昌用老师结合区块链发展史和发起 Freecash 自由现金的切身心得体会，进而对元宇宙概念进行的层次拆解。区别于上一期，这期关注的是历史的发展脉络，而非底层的、具体的技术实现和原理探究，因此也比较适合对区块链历史感兴趣的朋友收听。【嘉宾介绍】刘昌用，北京大学经济学博士重庆工商大学区块链经济研究中心主任密码共识理论的创始人、密码经济的倡导者Freecash (FCH) 自由现金发起人【章节层次】一、总00:04:15 总括四个层次二、分00:08:30 层次一：影视技术推动的元宇宙00:16:46 层次二：去中心化金融推动的元宇宙01:14:00 层次三：构建信息社会新秩序的元宇宙02:07:50 层次四：信息视角重构人类历史的元宇宙三、总02:24:30 四个层次之间的关系加一个昌用老师对层次结构的补充：「这个讨论结构有个最大的问题，就是从逻辑上看，应该从层次三讲起——从物质经济到信息经济转型开始，从这里开始才能理解核心和主线，有了这个基础，最后才能解释各种误区。但我们选择从社会热度角度出发，安排了现在的结构，这会导致前两层次的理解缺乏逻辑支撑。讲前两部分的时候我也提到这个问题。」【Timeline】层次一：影视技术推动的元宇宙主要技术：VR、AR、运算、带宽、存储等应用场景：游戏、会议、电商（体验式远程购物）、社交、数字孪生（把原来工业生产和设计的场景搬到元宇宙）热点区域：Facebook (Meta)、国内互联网、工业 4.000:08:42 层次一是大众认知层面对元宇宙的理解，但容易误导层次二：去中心化金融带动的元宇宙00:19:21 比特币发明以来经过的三个阶段，基本每一个阶段都对应着一次大牛市：密码货币阶段（2009 年 - 2016 年）密码证券阶段（2017 年 - 2019 年）密码金融阶段（2020 年至今）00:27:35 对投机产生的泡沫的看法——是任何一次技术、制度创新必然产生的现象00:33:51 每次牛市泡沫都是由真正的创新所推动，但发展到后面都伴随着巨大的泡沫00:37:20 DEX 和 Crypto 金融衍生品这些金融领域的创新增强了投机性和价格波动性00:44:31 比特币扩容之争始末00:53:19 扩容之争暴露了比特币的治理问题00:53:51 自由现金 Freecash 的提出旨在解决比特币的治理问题00:59:11 密码共识（区块链）的核心：非对称密码和分布式共识01:12:05 比特币不是一个重大的技术进步，而是重大的制度创新层次三：构建信息社会新秩序的元宇宙01:15:30 思考到第三个层次的契机01:18:13 使用公钥 / 密码身份 (CID) 作为去中心化身份01:22:11 解决了身份问题后，该如何解决信用问题？使用币天（UTXO 模型）01:25:18 去中心化社交：在链上记录自己的好友信息01:26:38 Freecash 是一个 DAO 吗？它的目标是什么呢？01:29:11 近几年互联网的问题——信息的安全和信息的垄断01:35:54 去中心化的社会组织可以重构互联网的经济模型01:36:27 对层次三的总结01:40:46 信息经济的几个阶段01:43:08 密码经济的核心是用非对称密码和分布式共识来构建信息社会的秩序01:49:16 哈耶克的社会演进理论01:51:51 为什么说这个层次可以称为真正的元宇宙？01:53:07 Freecash 的盈利和分配模式02:04:22 如果希望共同 build 这件事，该如何参与呢？层次四：信息视角重构人类史观的元宇宙02:08:46 信息史观的货币史02:13:18 信息史观的社会身份系统演进02:16:55 信息史观与教育科学系统02:22:39 层次四的总结总结02:24:29 四个层次之间的关系02:35:36 回归理性，我们对待元宇宙的态度应该是怎样的？【名词解释】（一）人物1. 中本聪 (Satoshi Nakamoto)：比特币创始人，真实身份至今未知。他于2008年发表了一篇名为《比特币：一种点对点式的电子现金系统》（Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System）的论文，描述了一种被他称为“比特币”的电子货币及其算法。2. Vitalik Buterin：以太坊创始人（大家一般叫他 V 神）。3. Gavin Andresen：中本聪自 2010 年 12 月份退出之后将比特币开发的相关权限交给了他信赖的 Gavin，Gavin 接手后就将代码开发管理权赋予另外 4 个核心开发者。4. Bitcoin Core：以 Gavin 隐退时的 GitHub 代码管理者为核心的主要开发者群体，也是比特币全节点程序的主要版本名称。5. 吴忌寒：比特大陆创始人6. 江卓尔：莱比特矿池创始人7. 杨海坡：Coinex 交易所与 Viabtc 矿池创始人（二）事件1. Facebook 改名 Meta：美东时间 2021 年 10 月 28 日，美国社交媒体巨头 Facebook 公司创始人马克·扎克伯格在 Facebook Connect 大会上宣布，该公司将正式更名为 Meta。2. 扩容之争、纽约共识：详见《比特币扩容之争始末》by 刘昌用（三）概念1. VR 与 AR：VR (Virtual Reality)：虚拟现实技术AR (Augmented Reality)：增强现实技术2. 数字孪生：详见 https://baike.baidu.com/item/数字孪生/221975453. Libra：Facebook 推出的虚拟加密货币。4. DEX 与 CEX：DEX (Decentralized exchange)：去中心化交易所，是一个基于区块链的交易所，它不将用户资金和个人数据存储在服务器上，而只是作为一种基础设施来匹配希望买卖数字资产的买家和卖家。在匹配引擎的帮助下，这种交易直接发生在参与者(点对点)之间。CEX (Centralized exchange)：中心化交易所，是集传统交易所、券商和投资银行的功能为一体的平台。5. ICO (Initial Coin Offering) ：源自股票市场的首次公开发行（IPO）概念，指的是区块链项目首次发行代币、募集资金的行为。6. ERC-20 与 ERC-721：ERC-20：一项以太坊代币标准，是从 EIP-20 提案经过以太坊社区不断讨论验证后通过而来的，是由 Vitalik Buterin 于2015年提出，是以太坊的第20号代币标准。ERC-721：针对 NFT 的智能合约标准接口。7. Token 与 NFT：Token：即代币，也可以交 “通证”，即 “可流通的凭证”，具有可拆分、同质化的特点。NFT (Non-Fungible Token)：非同质化代币，具有不可分割、不可替代、独一无二等特点。8. 互联网泡沫 (Dotcom Bubble)，指自 1995 年至 2001 年间的投机泡沫，在欧美及亚洲多个国家的股票市场中，与科技及新兴的互联网相关企业股价高速上升的事件。9. DeFi (Decentralized Finance)：本意是去中心化金融，广义上应该包含去中心化货币和密码证券，我们一般在狭义上使用它，特指2020年兴起的去中心化交易、借贷等。10. BCH (Bitcoin Cash) ：即比特币现金，是在 2017 年 8 月 1 日由比特币硬分叉而来的分叉币。11. 隔离见证 (SegWit)：详见隔离见证（SegWit）那些事。12. 灵魂绑定 (Soulbound Token)：由以太坊创始人 Vitalik Buterin 提出的，一种用于用于打造 Web3 的用户身份系统的不可转让 Token。13. 密码共识：构建去中心化的信息社会基础设施的基础方案，是脱离物质制度，构建独立的信息社会的基石。密码共识由非对称密码和分布式共识构成，前者主要用于建立开放信息身份，后者主要用于建立开放信息社会秩序，两者相互依赖。14. 公钥与私钥：详见《理解公钥与私钥》15. UTXO 模型：Unspent Transaction Output，即“未花费的交易输出”。详见《UTXO模型的介绍》。感谢一袄同学对本期 shownotes 的贡献，感谢六木、崇旭、文浩、贝贝提前试听后给的反馈。剪辑：Tina Gao & SarahBGM：This is Hope (https://elements.envato.com/this-is-hope-WFPYHLY)

Follow The Decrypt Daily Twitter: @decryptmediaWebsite: Decrypt.coFollow me on : Twitter: @MatthewDiemer IG: @MatthewADiemerEmail: MatthewAaron@Decrypt.coMatthew Diemer For Congress OH16Diemerforcongress.comhttps://secure.actblue.com/donate/diemer-personal——————————————————————News Links

@rbenzaquen Un profesor de la facu me dice «¿no te gustaría entrar a una trabajar en una empresa de Sistemas? El CTO es mi amigo». La primera entrevista fue en Sadesa, una curtiembre, con Marcelo Galperin, el primo de Marcos. Estando ya en Sadesa me mandaron seis meses a un pueblito en Tailandia para interconectar los sistemas con la casa central en Argentina. Fue una experiencia que me cambió bastante la cabeza. Al poco tiempo Marcelo me invita a trabajar en una empresa nueva con su primo Marcos: Mercado Libre. Pasamos todos a trabajar en la famosa cochera de Sadesa, que hoy es un museo. Estando en Estados Unidos conocí a Wences Casares. Un día viene, me dice «me gustaría que me des una mano para revisar esto» y me da un paper que se llama «Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System», de un tal Satoshi Nakamoto..." Me copaba mucho el tema de armar equipos y minar. Monté equipos en el altillo de casa viviendo en Silicon Valley. Mi esposa me preguntaba qué era eso que hacía tanto ruido y si podíamos apagarlos. Cuando le conté de qué se trataba los cuidaba, los limpiaba. En MELI podría haberme quedado toda la vida, estoy muy agradecido a esa empresa, pero quería hacer mi propio startup, así que renuncié. Era 2014. Mientras pensaba una idea me invitaron de @KaszekVenturesa dar una mano. Estuve menos de un año en Kaszek. Finalmente terminé armando una empresa de cloud computing con algunas personas que también habían trabajado en MELI. Después de dos años le terminamos vendiendo el 51% de NubeliU a @Logicalis. Para hacer un startup tenés que hacer lo que te gusta y lo que sabés. Además encontré un equipo que me gusta y que está conformado por buena gente. Ahí armamos @SenseiNode. @rbenzaquen dándole un consejo al Rodri de hace diez años atrás: "Mi corazón, mi instinto me decía de hacer algo con cripto. Creo que tendría que haber escuchado menos a los inversores y seguir mi corazón. Me hubiese encantado hacer un SenseiNode en 2014. https://twitter.com/patriciomolina/status/1492983011041857537?s=20&t=i4nAWL4nVQDP_ART96qigw

"Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System" by Satoshi Nakamoto – October 31, 2008

You can subscribe and listen to every episode of the "Unleash the Awesome" podcast at https://gambrill.com/podcast  Disclaimer: I am not an investment, legal, or tax adviser. All opinions are mine alone.  There are risks involved in placing any investment in securities or in Bitcoin or in cryptocurrencies or in anything. None of the information presented herein is intended to form the basis of any offer or recommendation or have any regard to the investment objectives, financial situation, or needs of any specific person, and that includes you. Everything you're going to hear is for informational entertainment purposes only. Perform your own due diligence before taking action on anything. 2:04  What the heck are cryptocurrencies and blockchains? 2:12 Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System - Whitepaperhttps://bitcoin.org/bitcoin.pdf . 5:52 Proof of Work and Proof of Stake https://www.coinbase.com/learn/crypto-basics/what-is-proof-of-work-or-proof-of-stake . 6:54 Ethereum is kinda like the Legos of decentralized finance (DeFi) because you can build things on/with it using smart contracts.  10:03 What is a stable coin? 11:15 Decentralized Autonomous Organizations (DAOs) 12:20 An easy way to get started is via a Coinbase account. https://gambrill.com/coinbase . 13:16 Metamask is one of the most popular and easy to use cryptocurrency wallets. https://metamask.io/ . 14:12 PoolTogether is a DAO which offers a crypto-powered savings protocol via a no-loss raffle structure. https://pooltogether.com/ . 20:00 BlockFi - Earn interest on your crypto holdings. https://gambrill.com/blockfi . 20:32 DIMO is is building a user-owned IoT platform that allows drivers to collect and share their vehicle data. Drivers get insights about their vehicle, contribute data to the open ecosystem where it can be used to build new technology and applications, and earn DIMO tokens for participating.https://gambrill.com/dimo . 24:57 "The Promise of DAOs, The Latest Craze in Crypto" - New Yorkerhttps://www.newyorker.com/culture/infinite-scroll/the-promise-of-daos-the-latest-craze-in-crypto . 25:15 Klima DAO - Drive climate action and earn rewards with a carbon-backed, algorithmic digital currency.https://www.klimadao.finance/ . 28:22 What is an NFT and what can you do with them? 30:30 Tom Bilyeu's Impact Theory is a good example of leveraging the utility of NFTs. https://founderskey.io/ . 31:03 CoinGecko - When you subscribe to their premium plan they have an NFT that allows you access to exclusive content.https://www.coingecko.com . 38:05 What Mark Cuban is most excited for in the crypto space (in 2022)https://www.cnbc.com/2021/12/10/mark-cuban-on-what-hes-most-excited-for-in-crypto-next-year-2022.html . Want some help deciding what tech tools to use in your business? Check out Tech Tools Tuesday.https://gambrill.com/ttt . Come join the conversation in our communities... Digital Marketing Mentorship with Dave Gambrill Facebook Grouphttps://www.facebook.com/groups/dmmdavegambrill . Digital Marketing Mentorship with Dave Gambrill Telegram Channelhttps://gambrill.com/telegramdmm . And let me know what you thought of this episode and what you'd like me cover in future episodes over on Instagram.https://www.instagram.com/gambrill/ .  #unleashawesome #crypto #davegambrill #blockchain #nfts #daos #techtools #entrepreneur #success #pooltogether #mindset #skillset  #dimo #digitalmarketing #coinbase #blockfi #coingecko #coaching  #toolset  #digitalceo #onlinecourses #klima #funnelhacker #kajabi #speaker #trainer #coach #consultant #markcuban #process #systems #habits #goals #abundance #dao #nft #tombilyeu #impacttheory #sharktank #metamask #bitcoin #ethereum #cryptocurrencies #usdc #stablecoin #garyvee #bigdata CONSUMER NOTICE: You should assume that I have an affiliate relationship and/or another material connection to the providers of goods and services mentioned in this broadcast and may be compensated when you purchase from a provider. You should always perform due diligence before buying goods or services from anyone via the Internet or offline.

Introduction to The Bitcoin White Paper by Satoshi Nakamoto.   What is The White Paper?  A short document explaining how Bitcoin works and why is is needed.   The actual title of the paper is Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System.   Full version: https://www.patreon.com/posts/52486337   Link to original White Paper: https://bitcoin.org/bitcoin.pdf   Narrated by Ethan Steimel   Become a patron: www.patreon.com/artisticfinance   www.artisticfinance.com    

This week on Bitcoin Bottom Line, co-hosts “Bitcoin Ambassador” C.J. Wilson and “Chart Master” Steven McClurg discuss the exciting, active times in the Bitcoin space. Wilson shares a behind-the-curtain peek into his recent meetings with Senator Ted Cruz and other key political figures about Bitcoin legislation. Wilson shares, “There are a lot of things that are happening between the Texas Blockchain Association and the values of independence found in Texan Bitcoiners.” In his meeting with Senator Cruz's office, Wilson heard about their efforts to push bitcoin as a currency to be used during small cash transactions, which parallels the original impetus for bitcoin to be used in everyday expenses. They have ideas to implement this through a program on vending machines called “Accept”. “As more people are dollar-cost-averaging into bitcoin, it proves to be a better and better asset for everybody involved”, Wilson shares. Steven McClurg shares his tendencies to HODL bitcoin, while also seeking out ways to spend it in order to promote the ecosystem. He goes on to say that “bitcoin is useful if people are actually using it for transactions”, drawing the idea from the Satoshi Whitepaper, entitled “Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System”. Wilson continues to share his experience in DC, expressing his predictions that states are going to start taking advantage of building their own legislation to become a “Pro-Bitcoin state”. Bringing it back to a few years ago, McClurg explains how “Wyoming was square one for states creating their own legislation and building an ecosystem, and Senator Lomis was at the forefront of that all along.” “We have about 6 or 7 critical years of these election cycles to make sure we don't have an uneducated senator or committee making rules that hamper American prosperity”, Wilson states. In the midst of lacking financial literacy education, Wilson also expresses that “Bitcoin is an anti-default technology since it's such a good form of capital, and one can sell if they need to, generally for more than they bought it for if they've held on to it for long enough. This could bail someone out of a fiscal problem.” Follow BBL on social media: Twitter: https://twitter.com/bitcoin_pod Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCsXrv5Y360OaarCiUA5xSAA Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/bitcoinbottomline/ Follow our hosts: Steven McClurg: https://twitter.com/stevenmcclurg C.J. Wilson: https://twitter.com/str8edgeracer DISCLOSURE: The opinions presented herein are solely of the individual and not necessarily representative of Valkyrie Investments Inc. and their affiliates. There is no guarantee that any specific outcome will be achieved. Investments may be speculative, illiquid, and there is a risk of total loss of your investment. Past performance is not indicative of future results.

Crypto is everywhere, from cryptocurrencies to decentralized finance to NFTs. So in the next few episodes, we will take a whirlwind tour of the world of Crypto. To start off with some basics, we caught up with Rohas Nagpal, Chief Blockchain Architect at Wrapped Asset Project (WRAP), where we spoke about: History of Digital Currencies Introduction to blockchains, tokens and smart contracts A practical framework for classifying tokens Implications for banks and fintechs Regulatory outlook Do listen to this episode to get a quick introduction to the world of Crypto and tokens Additional information Satoshi Nakamoto (2008), Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System Wired (2009), Bullion and Bandits: The Improbable Rise and Fall of E-Gold Rohas's website Rohas on Twitter Future Money Playbook Cut the Cryp Podcast

IN THIS EPISODE, YOU'LL LEARN:0:41 - What Bitcoin mining is 9:36 - How to value Bitcoin and where Bitcoin all began 28:46 - What can happen if the government steps in and regulates Bitcoin 30:53 - How banning Bitcoin works34:41 - What the most common misconceptions about Bitcoin are26:14 - What the major risks/ cons are of buying Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies And much, much more!*Disclaimer: Slight timestamp discrepancies may occur due to podcast platform differences.EPISODE RESOURCESGet more FREE content from RobertGet a FREE audiobook from AudibleRead the 9 Key Steps to Effective Personal Financial ManagementCheck out our Investing Starter Packs about business and financeCheck out our Investing Starter Packs about real estateExperts to Follow: Plan B, Trace Mayer, Caitlin Long, Adam BackMayer Multiple Website, Mayer Multiple TwitterPlan B's white paper: Modeling Bitcoin's Value w/ ScarcityThe highest-ranked Bitcoin authoritiesDr. Saifedean Ammous' book The Bitcoin StandardSatoshi Nakamoto's white paper Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash SystemSaifedean Ammous' educational websiteAll of Robert's favorite booksSupport our free podcast by supporting our sponsorsGet your free copy of The Entrust Group's 5 steps to investing in real estate with a SDIRA today.Make it simple to hire and manage remote employees across all 50 states with Justworks.Save with a credit union that helps you build financial confidence with Navy Federal Credit Union.Have high-quality, sustainably sourced Wild-Caught Seafood delivered right to your door with Wild Alaskan Company. Order today and get $15 off your 1st box of premium seafood.Join PassiveInvesting's Passive Investor Club and get to invest in high quality, cash flowing real estate without all of the hassle.Read this episode's transcript and full show notes on our website.Connect with Preston: Website |Twitter | LinkedInConnect with Robert: Website | Twitter | Instagram See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

IN THIS EPISODE, YOU'LL LEARN:5:16 - What Bitcoin, cryptocurrencies, and blockchain are10:43 - How to value an asset such as a cryptocurrency25:59 - Why the most common argument against Bitcoin is inaccurate37:27 - Why we need an alternative currency that isn't the US DollarAnd much, much more!*Disclaimer: Slight timestamp discrepancies may occur due to podcast platform differences.EPISODE RESOURCESGet more FREE content from RobertGet a FREE audiobook from AudibleRead the 9 Key Steps to Effective Personal Financial ManagementCheck out our Investing Starter Packs about business and financeCheck out our Investing Starter Packs about real estateExperts to Follow: Plan B, Trace Mayer, Caitlin Long, Adam BackMayer Multiple Website, Mayer Multiple TwitterPlan B's white paper: Modeling Bitcoin's Value w/ ScarcityThe highest-ranked Bitcoin authoritiesDr. Saifedean Ammous' book The Bitcoin StandardSatoshi Nakamoto's white paper Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash SystemSaifedean Ammous' educational websiteAll of Robert's favorite booksSupport our free podcast by supporting our sponsorspport our free podcast by supporting our sponsorsSave with a credit union that helps you build financial confidence with Navy Federal Credit UnionGet your free copy of The Entrust Group's 5 steps to investing in real estate with a SDIRA todayMake it simple to hire and manage remote employees across all 50 states with JustworksInvest in multimillion-dollar paintings, enjoy attractive historical price appreciation, and buy and sell shares on secondary market with Masterworks. Skip the waitlist today. See important disclosures hereAutomate your key business processes, and close your books in a fraction of the time with NetsuiteRead this episode's transcript and full show notes on our website.Connect with Preston: Website |Twitter | LinkedInConnect with Robert: Website | Twitter | Instagram See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

As crypto-currency meets meme-culture, sensationalist headlines and bold claims by bitcoin-bros drive mainstream perception of the space. But there is much more to the blockchain than market speculation and bitcoin billionaires. In reality, most legitimate coins exist to accomplish specific objectives. Many have huge aspirations for improving societal access to resources. The Stellar Lumen is such a coin. In this podcast, we'll talk to Stellar co-founder and Chief Scientist, David Mazierez to learn about Stellar. Additionally, we'll discuss Bitcoin's blockchain, see how Stellar is different, and understand Stellars' vision for a world where sending money is as easy as sending an email. Mazieres et. al. “Fast and Secured Global Payments with Stellar” Nakamoto, Satoshi. “Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System.” Stellar.org is an excellent resource for understanding more about Stellar, what it is, and how it works.

Not many innovations have the power to shape the world on a massive scale like the internet. However, after the great financial crisis of 2007/08, one exactly such innovation came along. The blockchain. In 2008 a whitepaper named "Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System" was mailed out to a cryptographic mailing list and only shortly after the bitcoin network went live. Today twelve years after the first block the technology is widely known. Yet, barely anyone actually understands it. Not so Uli Gallersdoerfer. He is a researcher at the Technical University Munich, who finished his Masterthesis in 2016 about Blockchains and continued his research as a PhD student. He now stands as one of the most regarded Blockchain researchers, regularly holding lectures about bitcoin, why it is so safe and answering questions about the energy dilemma revolving around bitcoin itself. However, before we answer those questions we need to know what a Blockchain actually is.Timestamps:00:52 How does the bitcoin blockchain work06:18 Main issue in decentralized networks08:32 What is a miner's job in a blockchain11:59 What happens if two blocks occur at the same time14:46 What is proof of stake18:03 Evaluating the climate impact of proof of work algorithms25:45 What are smart contracts30:30 The usability problem35:37 Pursuing a PhD vs. joining industry40:07 Finding a use case for blockchain-technology43:55 Bitcoin's lightning network and design decisions51:36 How to explore research questionsLinks mentioned:Ulis LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/uli-gallersdoerfer/Ulis Google Scholar: https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=7J1AmygAAAAJ&hl=deLecture Notes: https://github.com/sebischair/bbseIf you enjoyed this episode, why not recommend it to a friend?Homepage: https://www.deeptechstories.ioMusic by Nathaniel Drew x Tom Fox:https://www.nathanieldrew.com/https://tfbeats.com/This podcast uses the following third-party services for analysis: Chartable - https://chartable.com/privacy

IS CRYPTOCURRENCY LEGAL IN INDIA : CRYPTO NEWS IN INDIA WHY CRYPTOCURRENCY IS SO POPULAR? Bitcoin or Cryptocurrency is a topic that has sparked our curiosity. In this podcast, I'll talk about several features of Bitcoin. Indeed, today many people want to invest in cryptocurrency Bitcoin and with the rise of home-based stock trading via different mobile apps, many will be unable to resist the seduction of various cryptocurrencies. We heard many elite communities in India have already invested in Bitcoin in order to expand their investment. RISK IN CRYPTO – RISK IN BITCOIN - CRYPTO SCAM COINS - CRYPTO NEWS TODAY - CRYPTO NEWS IN INDIA To buy bitcoin in India, you can use a variety of mobile applications available online. We just learned that one guy in one part of West Bengal was cheated up to Rs. 60,000 while using those programmes to purchase Bitcoin. In this scenario, because there is no legal recourse, I recommend that you proceed by viewing, learning, and knowing before investing in Bitcoin or any other currencies. Recently we heard Crypto scam to the tune of nearly Rs. 2800 cr. In the forming evasion of tax where some Chinese people are involved. Even today we heard that one person has been arrested for using bitcoin in purchasing drugs. The price of a bitcoin peaked around Rs. 42 lakhs in early May 2021, but dropped below Rs. 25 lakhs, a few days later after the publishing of news on the worldwide market. Now the question is, since Bitcoin is a digital currency or asset that does not follow the centralized currency system, so there is no government agency to oversee the fluctuations and mobility of Bitcoin or other cryptocurrencies and its outcome. INNOVATION OF BITCOIN – SATOSHI NAKAMOTO WHITE PAPER – SATOSHI NAKAMOTO IDENTITY If we go back a little bit, we can see that there was an economic recession all over the world from 2007 to 2009, and about the same time in 2009, a white-paper titled "Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System" was released on the bitcoin.org website. In the front page of nine-page white paper written by Satoshi Nakamoto, he says Bitcoin is “A purely peer-to-peer version of electronic cash would allow online payments to be sent directly from one party to another without going through a financial institution.”. Although this nine-page white paper is quite complex, Satoshi Nakamoto describes on the second page, “We define an electronic coin as a chain digital signature.” In the eighth page under heading “Conclusion”, he wrote “We have proposed a system for electronic transactions without relying on trust”. WHAT ARE CRYPTOCURRENCIES? If you have any questions regarding cryptocurrency in India or invest in cryptocurrency after listening to my podcast, please leave them in the comments section of this episode's YouTube video. I'll do my best to respond. Protect yourself and your friends by sharing my several podcasts with them, and stay up to date by subscribing. .......IS IT LEGAL TO INVEST IN BITCOIN OR CRYPTOCURRENCY IN INDIA? - SHOULD YOU INVEST IN CRYPTOCURRENCY?......... https://www.cyberchatterjee.com/ https://twitter.com/cyberchatterjee/ https://www.youtube.com/c/BivasChatterjee/ https://www.instagram.com/bivaschatterjee/ https://www.tumblr.com/blog/view/lets-bivas-fan https://in.pinterest.com/bivaschatterjee/_saved/

This newsletter is really a public policy thought-letter. While excellent newsletters on specific themes within public policy already exist, this thought-letter is about frameworks, mental models, and key ideas that will hopefully help you think about any public policy problem in imaginative ways. It seeks to answer just one question: how do I think about a particular public policy problem/solution?PS: If you enjoy listening instead of reading, we have this edition available as an audio narration on all podcasting platforms courtesy of the good folks at Ad-Auris. If you have any feedback, please send it to us.Global Policy Watch #1: A Bit About BitcoinBringing an Indian perspective to burning global issues— RSJWhat should we make of bitcoin? Should we think of it as the best performing asset class in the last decade? After all, it was priced at $1 in April 2011 and its current price is about $45,000. But was it designed to be an asset? Surely, no. Satoshi Nakamoto, who invented bitcoin, was driven more by angst than greed while writing the 31,000 lines of code that he put out to the world on Jan 3, 2009. Satoshi (a pseudonym) wrote a 500-word essay - Bitcoin: A Peer to Peer Electronic Cash System - to explain the working of the system he had created. The logic was simple - a software system that would spew out some 21 million bitcoins over two decades with people interested in the coins ‘mining’ for them using their computing prowess. Satoshi was clear about his aim. He had seen the global financial crisis and he could no longer trust the conventional currency (also called fiat currency) issued by the governments. All he could see around him was central bankers printing money mindlessly to prop up a system where the ordinary individual had no say. And the banks were willing to design more creative and more toxic products that only benefitted them. As he wrote:“The root problem with conventional currency is all the trust that’s required to make it work. The central bank must be trusted not to debase the currency, but the history of fiat currencies is full of breaches of that trust. Banks must be trusted to hold our money and transfer it electronically, but they lend it out in waves of credit bubbles with barely a fraction in reserve. We have to trust them with our privacy, trust them not to let identity thieves drain our accounts.”So he decided to take the governments and the banks out of the equation by his design of bitcoin. People could now transact with a currency that was purely digital, encrypted and anonymous with a distributed public ledger that kept track of the movement of the coin to ensure it isn’t used twice by the same owner to dupe someone. It was quite neat. More importantly, there was no bank or intermediary to get in the way of the transaction nor was there any central banker that could decide arbitrarily how many coins should be in circulation. This was a libertarian utopia. The last bastion of the state could fall now. Fiat currency, an imagined and a coercive construct of the state could now be challenged.As the last decade has shown, bitcoin hasn’t exactly replaced fiat currency as a medium of exchange in any meaningful way. But that doesn’t mean it has slunk away into anonymity. It has seen a remarkable rise in the last six months with some of the smartest people in the world betting big on it. Bitcoin or cryptocurrency has never been a more mainstream part of discourse ever. There are multiple ways of looking at cryptocurrency and make sense of what’s happening here. I will take the most traditional one for this edition. And, maybe, over the next few months go a bit deeper into this area. Today, I will take the economic theory lens to evaluate cryptocurrency and its most valuable manifestation, bitcoin.Let’s understand fiat currency a bit better. Why do all of us believe a Rs. 500 note has any value? Well, Econ 101 class would tell you that’s because the sovereign has decided it is a legal tender that’s worth Rs. 500. There’s a promise right there on the currency note signed by the RBI governor. That’s very reassuring. But does that explain why we don’t use any other commonly agreed medium of exchange? Back in the days when I stayed at a hostel, we used cigarettes or Old Monk as a medium of exchange. There were always more cigarettes and Old Monks in the hostels than currency notes (this was the pre-ATM era) and these had a stable range within which its value moved. If someone needed my help with an assignment, 2-3 cigarettes did the trick. Now the question is what if this was replicated at a larger scale? The demand for Rupee notes would fall and its value would fall notwithstanding the Governor‘s promise. So, why does this not happen more often? The answer is that old reason for most things in our society. Network effect. Since most people use Rupee as a medium of exchange, it is easier for the next person getting into a transaction to use it as well. Network effects create an exit barrier for people to adopt any other new medium of exchange and an entry barrier for that new medium wanting to usurp the position of the Rupee. You will need a lot of initial momentum going if you were to establish yourself as an alternative. And how will you generate that momentum? I mean why will people use you as an alternative? It isn’t like the Rupee is failing to meet your expectations as a medium of exchange.But is that enough? Is Rupee valuable because we all collectively believe in the myth it is valuable? That sounds more Harari than real economics. So, let’s go back to the question of why do we think a Rs 500 note has a value. Some of the more original thinking in this area was done by the formidable Austrian school economist Ludwig Von Mises at the beginning of the last century. His view was that we use something as a medium of exchange today because at some point in the past it actually had a real intrinsic value. In his time most currencies traced their origin to a precious metal and overtime were backed by that real asset however nominally. That’s fine but what explains the value of Rs. 500 today. There is no real asset backing this except some vague notion of trust. Also, there’s no real reason why should we all believe that this myth of the Rupee having value will continue forever. What if we continue printing money endlessly leading to spiralling hyperinflation sometime in future? What if there’s a worse global pandemic in future that cripples the global economy? What if we know a meteor is on course to collide with Earth in the next 12 months? What happens then? Will we accept a medium of exchange that has no real value if we know our future is uncertain or doomed? Think of that last person willing to accept a fiat currency as a medium of exchange. Why would he take that risk? Doesn’t make any sense for him because there's no future person to whom he can give this currency for its value. We believe in fiat currency because someone in future believes in it too. No future means no such belief. Now work backwards. Why would the last but one person accept it if he knows the last person won’t? If you follow this backward induction logic to its end and if we all know the future is uncertain and (somewhat) doomed, you will conclude the value of fiat money will be zero in future and therefore it should be zero today. If you think about it this way, fiat money and this whole business of printing money to get over a crisis is a giant Ponzi scheme. Fiat money should have no value today. Whatever value it has now is a bubble. So why do people call bitcoin a bubble and not fiat money? Well, turns out there is one big use case of fiat money  - paying tax liabilities owed to the state. If you remember this was an argument used to explain modern monetary theory (MMT) too. If the only way to pay taxes to the government is through fiat money, then there is a periodic demand for it by the citizens. This goes up as the economy grows or as the government taxes more. Now we can avoid the backward induction logic problem that we discussed earlier. The fiat money has a value that’s non-monetary; it pays your taxes. This won’t allow its value to go to zero in future. Therefore it will have value today too.On such arbitrary plank of state coercion the edifice of human progress rests.So, what about bitcoin then? Like I said earlier it is as much a bubble as any fiat currency of today. There are three problems it has to solve. One, its unique architecture is both a feature and a bug. That there can only be that many bitcoins prevents anyone from flooding the market with them. This keeps its downside protected and makes it a stable store of value. But on the other hand, a limited stock of coins means the value of bitcoin will continue to rise to preclude its use as a medium of exchange. I mean why will you use bitcoin when you know it will be more valuable in future. You will store it. The ‘good money’ will go out of circulation. The old Gresham’s law will apply. Two, if people don’t use it as a medium of exchange, it won’t create network effects. Lack of network effects will mean it won’t create enough momentum to replace fiat currency. This is a chicken and egg problem. Three, there will be transactions where people will seek anonymity or privacy that will be good use cases for cryptocurrency. But will illicit goods and services on the dark web or those sought for by fringe libertarians be a market large enough to justify the crazy valuation that bitcoin has currently? Through a conventional economic prism, the whole bitcoin or cryptocurrency opportunity looks like an asset bubble. There’s a small probability that many Silicon Valley founders and mavericks will ‘bootstrap’ the network effect for a cryptocurrency by making their goods and services available only in that currency. This will bestow intrinsic value to them beyond being a medium of exchange. That’s the only chance it has. Unless the sovereign decides to start its own cryptocurrency that can be used to pay its tax liabilities. But that is for another edition.Global Policy Watch #2: Disagreement in the Information AgeBringing an Indian perspective to burning global issues— Pranay KotasthaneA democracy is as good as the discourse it fosters. And it needs no convincing that discourse has plunged many levels in many democracies across the world. Redeeming our discourse requires two necessary but insufficient components: education in critical thinking, and praxis in disagreeing well. Critical thinking is where we desperately need philosophers. Philosophy’s focus on argument as a topic of study has a lot to offer. Only when we have a methodological understanding of arguments can we train ourselves to reason well. Only when we reason well will we be able to reflect and reach independent conclusions. If I were asked what is one course that should be added to high-school curricula, it would definitely be critical reasoning. The other component, learning to disagree well, is a skill that needs a massive upgrade in the information age. We are not good at handling disagreements. We have a tendency to equate an attack on our opinion as an attack on us. This verb ‘attack’ itself illustrates how strongly we perceive disagreements. All this was known yet manageable until we didn’t have social media. People disagreed but within their social circles, with people they shared some similarities they could always go back to when confrontations got ugly. But social media changed things dramatically. For one, it put us in contact with the opinions of people we otherwise know very little about. And two, it put our online selves in an endless status competition. The result: outrage without real disagreement, confrontation without camaraderie. None of this is going away. And this is precisely why diagreeing well is a core skill in the information age. We are still only beginning to scratch the surface of what it means at an interpersonal level or a social media platform design level. Nevertheless, Ian Leslie’s Guardian Long Read article makes a good start.His answer is two-fold. One, narrow the status gap. Leslie writes:“People skilled in the art of disagreement don’t just think about their own face; they’re highly attuned to the other’s face. One of the most powerful social skills is the ability to give face; to confirm the public image that the other person wishes to project. In any conversation, when the other person feels their desired face is being accepted and confirmed, they’re going to be a lot easier to deal with, and more likely to listen to what you have to say.”..“When a debate becomes volatile and dysfunctional, it’s often because someone in the conversation feels they are not getting the face they deserve. This helps to explain the pervasiveness of bad temper on social media, which can sometimes feel like a status competition in which the currency is attention. On Twitter, Facebook or Instagram, anyone can get likes, retweets or new followers – in theory. But although there are exceptions, it is actually very hard for people who are not already celebrities to build a following. Gulled by the promise of high status, users then get angry when status is denied. Social media appears to give everyone an equal chance of being heard. In reality, it is geared to reward a tiny minority with massive amounts of attention, while the majority has very little. The system is rigged.”Two, lower the identity stakes. Leslie writes:“..what drags participants into destructive conflict is usually a struggle over who they are… That our opinions come tangled up with our sense of ourselves is not necessarily a bad thing, but it is something we need to be aware of when trying to get someone to do something they do not want to do, whether that’s stop smoking, adapt to a new working practice, or vote for our candidate. Our goal should be to prise the disputed opinion or action away from the person’s sense of self – to lower the identity stakes. The skilful disagreer finds a way of helping their adversary conclude that they can say or do something different, and still be themselves.”More concretely, he identifies having a disagreement without an audience is one way of lowering the identity stakes. People feel more comfortable changing opinions beyond the performative glare. But this approach is suboptimal because it relies on reducing diversity of thought. The other approach is to “just be nice” at a personal level, to make an adversary feel that they can revise their opinion without losing face. All this sounds quite difficult, of course. But the key takeaway for me was to think about disagreement as a necessary skill for the information age. I strongly recommend the entire article. It is an important theme of our times. and we need to pay a lot more attention to this line of inquiry.PS: Two book recommendations for learning critical reasoning. Fundamentals of Critical Argumentation by Douglas Walton, and Critical Thinking Skills by Stella Cottrell. To get things started, there’s a good podcast by Oxford University as well. PolicyWTF: Compulsory Philanthropy — I Told You SoThis section looks at egregious public policies. Policies that make you go: WTF, Did that really happen?— Pranay KotasthaneIn #108, we subjected the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Law to an “anticipating the unintended” treatment. Turns out there’s evidence to back all those claims too! Gautam John, one of the most steadfast supporters of this newsletter, sent us a paper that analysed the impact of government intervention on CSR funding since the mandatory CSR law came into effect in FY 2013-14. The authors Rajgopal & Tantri conclude:Overall, there is a marginal increase in the average CSR spending since the law came into effect in 2013-14. But ...“High CSR” firms — companies that used to spend 4% to 5% of their profits on CSR before the law came into effect — reduced their spending to the mandated 2% level. “Low CSR” firms — companies that used to spend less than 1% of their profits on CSR before the law came into effect — increased their spending to the mandated 2% level.CSR contributions became highly sensitive to negative shocks to profits. This meant that companies reduced their CSR spending during bad times but did not increase CSR spending by the same amount during good times. In sum, “mandatory CSR crowded out voluntary spending”. It became a checkbox to be ticked, a tax to be complied with. The effect is similar to what you see while booking flight tickets in India today due to COVID-19 price caps in force. Earlier, the ticket prices were distributed according to scarcity — the prices rose as the journey day got nearer and different airlines had different prices. That’s no longer the case. All airlines charge nearly the same amount, the one that just meets the price cap, regardless of how early you book the ticket.Azim Premji has consistently highlighted the futility of mandatory CSR. Premji alone donated in excess of Rs 7000 crores last year in comparison to the ~Rs 18000 crores total CSR spending by ALL companies in FY 2018-19. On Feb 21, he spoke on this issue again:"I do not think we should have a legal mandate for companies to do CSR. Philanthropy or charity or contribution to society must come from within, and it cannot be mandated from outside. But that's my personal view. As of now, this is the law and all companies must follow it.”So, my conclusion remains unchanged. CSR is a tax but only worse.HomeWorkReading and listening recommendations on public policy matters[Paper] Events described historic at the time when they occur are rarely so in reality whereas the events that will be viewed as historic many years later attract little attention at the time. A really important finding that also explains why progress is so underrated. [Podcast] RSJ was on The Seen and The Unseen, [Article] Barun Mitra’s take on the way ahead for agricultural reforms is educational.[Article] Sarthak and Pranay have an article out on the latest attempt at making state finance commissions work.[Article] Devesh Kapur highlights the low-level equilibrium that our federalism has settled at with respect to agriculture. Get on the email list at publicpolicy.substack.com

Die Idee von Bitcoin ist mit dem 2008 veröffentlichten White Paper von Satoshi Nakamoto in die Welt gekommen. Der Titel des Papiers lautet «Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System». Die ursprüngliche Idee war es also Bitcoin als digitales Zahlungsmittel zu etablieren, welches erlaubt Wertüberträge vorzunehmen, die von Person zu Person, dezentral und ohne Intermediär ablaufen. Gut zwölf Jahre später stellt sich die Frage, ob Bitcoin diesen Ansprüchen tatsächlich gerecht wird. In der heutigen 5-min Friday Episode widmet sich Alexander Bechtel daher der Frage, ob Bitcoin tatsächlich, wie ursprünglich erdacht, ein Zahlungsmittel ist. Immerhin plant Paypal Bitcoin in den kommenden Monaten in den USA als Zahlungsmittel einzuführen. Tesla hat darüber hinaus angekündigt, dass es Bitcoin als Zahlungsmittel beim Autokauf akzeptieren möchte. Nichtsdestoweniger argumentiert Alexander, dass Bitcoin kein Zahlungsmittel ist. Sein Hauptargument dafür ist nicht wie so oft ein technisches (die Bitcoin Blockchain schafft nur sieben Transaktionen in der Sekunde), sondern ein ökonomisches. Wenn ihr wissen wollt, was genau die Butter bei Aldi und Lidl damit zu tun hat, dann hört gerne in die heutige Episode des 5-min Fridays.

Science journalist and author James Nestor explains how you can breathe better. Then, learn about the secret identity of Bitcoin creator “Satoshi Nakamoto” and whether farming really was a step up for our hunter-gatherer ancestors. Additional resources for James Nestor: Pick up "Breath: The New Science of a Lost Art" on Amazon: https://amzn.to/3qoXzaL James Nestor's website: https://www.mrjamesnestor.com/ James Nestor on Twitter: https://twitter.com/MrJamesNestor No One Knows the Identity of Bitcoin's Creator by Cody Gough Patron, T. (2014, December). Who Is Satoshi Nakamoto? – Diginomics Corporation. Diginomics.com. https://diginomics.com/2014/11/09/who-is-satoshi-nakamoto/  Decoding the Enigma of Satoshi Nakamoto and the Birth of Bitcoin (Published 2015). (2021). The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/17/business/decoding-the-enigma-of-satoshi-nakamoto-and-the-birth-of-bitcoin.html?_r=0 ‌ Business Insider UK. (2016, June 14). The mysterious creator of bitcoin is sitting on a $700 million fortune - Business Insider. https://www.businessinsider.com/satoshi-nakamoto-owns-one-million-bitcoin-700-price-2016-6  ‌Satoshi Nakamoto. (2019, November 20). Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System. Manubot. https://git.dhimmel.com/bitcoin-whitepaper/  ‌Wallace, B. (2011, November 23). The Rise and Fall of Bitcoin. WIRED. https://www.wired.com/2011/11/mf-bitcoin/  ‌Leah McGrath Goodman. (2014, March 6). The Face Behind Bitcoin. Newsweek. https://www.newsweek.com/2014/03/14/face-behind-bitcoin-247957.html  ‌Nour Al Ali, & Kingdon, C. (2017, November 28). Musk: I Am Not Bitcoin’s Satoshi Nakamoto. Bloomberg.com; Bloomberg. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-11-28/elon-musk-tweets-to-debunk-speculation-that-he-s-behind-bitcoin  Was farming really a step up for our hunter-gatherer ancestors? by Cameron Duke Bocquet-Appel, J.-P. (2011). When the World’s Population Took Off: The Springboard of the Neolithic Demographic Transition. Science, 333(6042), 560–561. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1208880  Dyble, M., Thorley, J., Page, A. E., Smith, D., & Migliano, A. B. (2019). Engagement in agricultural work is associated with reduced leisure time among Agta hunter-gatherers. Nature Human Behaviour, 3(8), 792–796. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-019-0614-6  Gallagher, S. (2019, April 21). What Can Hunter-Gatherers Teach Us about Staying Healthy? Duke Global Health Institute. https://globalhealth.duke.edu/news/what-can-hunter-gatherers-teach-us-about-staying-healthy  O’Grady, C. (2019, May 24). Hunter-gathering seems to have been easier than farming. Ars Technica; Ars Technica. https://arstechnica.com/science/2019/05/adopting-agriculture-means-less-leisure-time-for-women/  Sahlins, M. (2006). The politics of egalitarianism : theory and practice (J. S. Solway, Ed.; pp. 79–98). Berghahn Books. http://www.vizkult.org/propositions/alineinnature/pdfs/Sahlin-OriginalAffluentSociety-abridged.pdf  Yuval Noah Harari. (2019). Sapiens. Random House Uk. Subscribe to Curiosity Daily to learn something new every day with Cody Gough and Ashley Hamer. You can also listen to our podcast as part of your Alexa Flash Briefing; Amazon smart speakers users, click/tap “enable” here: https://www.amazon.com/Curiosity-com-Curiosity-Daily-from/dp/B07CP17DJY  See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Learn more at DYOR.lol --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/atnmst/message

12 years ago, an anonymous person using the pseudonym Satoshi Nakamoto published Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System. This week, Scott and Karl discuss this revolutionary concept of how Bitcoin set out to change the way the world views currencies.  At just ten pages long, Nakamoto’s original paper is still recommended reading for anyone studying how Bitcoin works. Nakamoto’s vision for the project is this: digital currency that anyone can use without needing to go through a bank or any other centralized organization. Bitcoin provides a solution to the double-spending problem using a peer-to-peer network. According to Nakamoto, "The network timestamps transactions by hashing them into an ongoing chain of hash-based proof-of-work, forming a record that cannot be changed without redoing the proof-of-work.” Although the paper spares no technical detail in explaining how the Bitcoin network operates, both Scott and Karl agree— there is elegance and unrealized potential of Nakamoto’s idea. Karl says, “It’s a very clever solution to get at the core of money: it’s non-repeatability, it’s finiteness, but made of digits and not gold, silver, or copper." Scott adds, "We can operate this currency using a certain kind of citizenship, a certain way of running referendum, a certain way of self-governing, and none of those ways can be changed by a court ruling or a tyrant."  Tune in to learn more about the future of cryptocurrency.   

"A purely peer-to-peer version of electronic cash would allow online payments to be sent directly from one party to another without going through a financial institution." - Satoshi Nakamoto To kick off the Third epoch in Bitcoin we are officially rebranding to Bitcoin Audible, and beginning with the historic Whitepaper by Satoshi himself, revealing this incredible system to the world. Solving the Byzantine General's problem, a breakthrough in consensus, a structureless, distributed monetary system incentivizing cooperation and truth. The Whitepaper is the earliest window into a groundbreaking network that already has, and will continue, to change the world. Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System Original is found here: https://bitcoin.org/en/bitcoin-paper A huge thanks to Swan Bitcoin for supporting Bitcoin Audible & making these works accessible to everyone. Start your Bitcoin savings plan with the lowest cost, best auto-buy service available, at SwanBitcoin.com/guy --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/bitcoinaudible/message

"A purely peer-to-peer version of electronic cash would allow online payments to be sent directly from one party to another without going through a financial institution." - Satoshi Nakamoto To kick off the Third epoch in Bitcoin we are officially rebranding to Bitcoin Audible, and beginning with the historic Whitepaper by Satoshi himself, revealing this incredible system to the world. Solving the Byzantine General's problem, a breakthrough in consensus, a structureless, distributed monetary system incentivizing cooperation and truth. The Whitepaper is the earliest window into a groundbreaking network that already has, and will continue, to change the world. Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System Original is found here: https://bitcoin.org/en/bitcoin-paper A huge thanks to Swan Bitcoin for supporting Bitcoin Audible & making these works accessible to everyone. Start your Bitcoin savings plan with the lowest cost, best auto-buy service available, at SwanBitcoin.com/guy --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/thecryptoconomy/message

Episode ResourcesJoin the Millennial Investing Facebook groupGet a FREE audiobook from AudibleDr. Saifedean Ammous’ book The Bitcoin StandardSatoshi Nakamoto’s white paper Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash SystemSaifedean Ammous’ educational websiteExperts to Follow: Plan B, Trace Mayer, Caitlin Long, Adam BackMayer Multiple Website, Mayer Multiple TwitterThe highest ranked Bitcoin authoritiesAll of Robert’s favorite booksExperience a real estate investing platform that is powered by an investor-first model with Fundrise. Make your money work harder with Wealthsimple.Capital One. This is Banking Reimagined.Affordable, private online counseling. Anytime, anywhere with Betterhelp.Connect with Robert on Instagram @robertattipFull show notes: theinvestorspodcast.com/millennial-investing

October 31st was the 11th year anniversary of the Bitcoin white paper by the mysterious Satoshi Nakamoto. The white paper was titled, Bitcoin: A Peer to Peer Electronic Cash System and outlined a tamper proof, decentralized, peer to peer protocol that could track and verify digital transactions, prevent double spending and generate a transparent record for anyone to inspect in nearly real time. ●▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬● ✅ BITBLOCKBOOM ✅ ► Take a look at the Bitcoin Conference I am hosting in Dallas, Texas at https://BitBlockBoom.com ●▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬● ✅MY WEBSITES ✅ ► https://4MinuteCrypto.com ► https://CryptoCousins.com ► https://ArlingtonCrypto.com ► https://CryptoPodcaster.com ► https://GaryLeland.com ► https://BitBlockBoom.com ●▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬● ✅MY CONTACT INFO ✅ ► Email me at TheCryptoCousins@gmail.com ► Message me at https://Facebook.com/msg/GaryLeland ► Leave a voice comment at 817-476-0660 ●▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬● ✅MY SOCIAL MEDIA ✅ ► https://Twitter.com/GaryLeland ► https://Facebook.com/GaryLelands ► https://Linkedin.com/in/GaryLeland ► https://Instagram.com/Gary_Leland ●▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬● ✅MY AUDIO PODCASTS ✅ ► https://4MinuteCrypto.com/iTunes ► https://CryptoCousins.com/iTunes ► https://BitBlockBoom.com/Podcast ► http://RailroadedPodcast.com ► http://WhatIsBitcoinPodcast.com ► https://CryptoPodcasters.com (coming soon) ●▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬● ✅SHOW YOUR SUPPORT ✅ ► https://Patreon.com/CryptoCousins ► With Crypto - https://4MinuteCrypto.com/Donate ●▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬● ✅USEFUL LINKS ✅ ► Earn free Bitcoin while you shop at Lolli - https://GaryLeland.com/Lolli ► The best Bitcoin book - https://4MinuteCrypto.com/Bitcoin ► Subscribe to Alexa Flash Briefings - https://4MinuteCrypto.com/Alexa ► eToro is the place to by Bitcoin - https://etoro.tw/2AOTyEI ► Bitcoin Clothing & Gear - https://CryptoCrybaby.com ► Brave Browser - https://Brave.com/cry570 ●▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬● Gary is available to keynote or emcee or present at your Bitcoin/Crypto event. Contact Gary at GaryLeland@gmail.com for additional info. ●▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬●

October 31st was the 11th year anniversary of the Bitcoin white paper by the mysterious Satoshi Nakamoto.The white paper was titled, Bitcoin: A Peer to Peer Electronic Cash System and outlined a tamper proof, decentralized, peer to peer protocol that could track and verify digital transactions, prevent double spending and generate a transparent record for anyone to inspect in nearly real time.

My guest today is Chad Cascarilla, the CEO and co-founder of Paxos, which describes itself as a financial technology company “mobilizing assets at the speed of the internet.“ Thanks to more than 20 years of investing and financial services experience, Chad has a unique perspective on integrating blockchain technology with traditional systems. He also has one of my favorite bitcoin origin stories, which we explore. Before Paxos, Charles co-founded institutional asset management complex Cedar Hill Capital Partners in 2005 and its blockchain-focused venture capital subsidiary, Liberty City Ventures (LCV). Our conversation is less about cryptocurrencies and more about the history, current state, and potential future states of our financial system. Please enjoy. For more episodes go to InvestorFieldGuide.com/podcast. Sign up for the book club, where you’ll get a full investor curriculum and then 3-4 suggestions every month at InvestorFieldGuide.com/bookclub. Follow Patrick on Twitter at @patrick_oshag   Show Notes 1:32 - (First Question) – His work in the finance world before crypto’s 5:12 – Experience navigating the subprime mortgage trend and what it taught him about blockchain 9:59 – The levers that matter in the financial services industry today vs when he first started 14:07 – Open vs closed money in financial services 19:16 – How slowdowns are different in the modern era 23:06 – What would lead to a major winding down of global debt 27:09 – What would be his focus as a traditional investor 29:21 – How he first got involved with bitcoin             29:47 – Elliott Wave Newsletter 31:53 – His measured view of Bitcoin and living through the volatility of it             32:03 – Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System 35:57 – Allocation of a portfolio which includes crypto 36:54 – His involvement and feelings on gold 37:56 – The formation of Paxos and the problem it exists to solve 41:34 – How Paxos is impacting the space 44:12 – Advantages of a private blockchain 43:59 – What is Pax Gold and how does it work 48:53 – Bad ways and situations to own gold 52:12 – Using a stable coin 56:00 – Biggest problem they are working on now 57:23 – What should people be paying attention to in the crypto currency space             59:23 – Coindesk Research Archive 59:39 – Has the influx of interest in crypto helped in other spaces 1:02:11 – Other lessons people should learn from his career 1:04:53 – Kindest thing anyone has done for Chad   Learn More For more episodes go to InvestorFieldGuide.com/podcast.  Sign up for the book club, where you’ll get a full investor curriculum and then 3-4 suggestions every month at InvestorFieldGuide.com/bookclub Follow Patrick on twitter at @patrick_oshag

Você vai aprender o que é Bitcoin, quem o inventou e onde encontrar fontes de confiança para aprender mais sobre o assunto. Visite nosso site https://direitodigitalcast.com, envia-nos um email para contato@direitodigitalcast.com e nos siga em https://instagram.com/direitodigitalcast Referências “Bitcoin – a moeda na era digital”. [s.d.]. Mises Brasil. Acessado 8 de agosto de 2019. https://www.mises.org.br/Ebook.aspx?id=99. “Bitcoin – Dinheiro P2P de código aberto”. [s.d.]. Acessado 8 de agosto de 2019. https://bitcoin.org/pt_BR/. “Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System”. [s.d.]. Acessado 8 de agosto de 2019. https://bitcoin.org/en/bitcoin-paper. “Busca — Receita Federal”. [s.d.]. Acessado 8 de agosto de 2019. https://receita.economia.gov.br/@@busca?SearchableText=criptoativos. “CVM permite fundos de investimento investirem em criptomoedas”. [s.d.]. ADVFN News. Acessado 8 de agosto de 2019. https://br.advfn.com/jornal/2018/09/cvm-permite-fundos-de-investimento-investirem-em-criptomoedas/. “Livecoins – Notícias sobre Bitcoin, criptomoedas e Blockchain”. [s.d.]. Livecoins. Acessado 8 de agosto de 2019. https://livecoins.com.br/. “Orientações para administradores de fundos de investimento”. [s.d.]. Acessado 8 de agosto de 2019. http://www.cvm.gov.br/noticias/arquivos/2018/20180112-1.html. “Origem e evolução do dinheiro”. [s.d.]. Acessado 8 de agosto de 2019. https://www.bcb.gov.br/htms/origevol.asp?frame=1. “Perguntas frequentes”. [s.d.]. Acessado 8 de agosto de 2019. https://www.bcb.gov.br/pre/bc_atende/port/moedasvirtuais.asp?idpai=FAQCIDADAO&frame=1. “Raphael Souza, Autor em Livecoins”. [s.d.]. Livecoins. Acessado 8 de agosto de 2019. https://livecoins.com.br/author/raphael/.

Eight pages that changed the world:: Satoshi Nakamoto published a white paper in a cryptography mailing list on November 1, 2008, titled "Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System." It is the origin of Bitcoin and the blockchain technology of today. But what is it about? Why is it still so brillant?

In this episode, you'll learn:How to value Bitcoin based on the stock to flow ratioWhat the Bakkt exchange is and why it will change the landscape of BitcoinWhy it’s important to understand Sharpe’s ratio when you invest in BitcoinHow investors should think about educating themselves about BitcoinAsk The Investors: Should I invest in China? Resources Mentioned:Tweet directly to Plan BPlan B's white paper: Modeling Bitcoin's Value w/ ScarcityThe highest ranked Bitcoin AuthoritiesStephen Livera’s Podcast Satoshi Nakamoto’s white paper, Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash SystemDownload your free audio book at Audible.Find the best job candidate at Ziprecruiter.Discover CMC Markets, the ultimate platform for online trading on mobile and desktop.Increase the efficiency of your web team with Pantheon.Move your business to the cloud with Netsuite.

Show support appreciated: 35iDYDYqRdN2x6KGcpdV2W1Hy3AjGje9oL Matthew and Fernando interview Dr. Stuart Haber & Dr. Scott Stornetta, authors of the seminal cryptographic 1991 paper “How to time-stamp a digital document,” a key part of the technological inspiration for Bitcoin, and as a result they share 3 of the 8 references in Satoshi Nakamoto’s “Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System” white paper. We discuss their early days in cryptography, their background, and what led them to author their important time-stamping idea, and why trust and document provenance must be distributed. We spend some time discussing their latest thinking on what makes an immutable ledger, the lingering dangers in cryptography, and how distributed consensus in many ways is a completely separate field from public key cryptography. We also discuss the importance of privacy, in light of recent mainstream, large corporate hacks of personal data, the latest victim being Capital One and its clients. Listen on to learn more. Links for more info: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/How-to-time-stamp-a-digital-document-Haber-Stornetta/06b055b0b53d39aa969afc2ba2c1d87985587db7 https://bitcoin.org/en/bitcoin-paper https://www.hs91.net/ http://www.surety.com/about-us/corporate-management/dr-stuart-haber https://www.yugenpartners.com/team https://breakermag.com/money-was-the-sizzle-blockchain-pioneer-w-scott-stornetta-assesses-satoshis-work/ https://twitter.com/StuartHaber https://twitter.com/strangethingitl Show Sponsor: cryptovoices.com/tradesmithoffer Hosts: Matthew Mežinskis, Fernando Ulrich Music: New Friend Music newfriendmusic.com/ Site: cryptovoices.com/ Podcast & Information Cryptoeconomics & Liberty Thanks for listening! Show content is not investment advice in any way.

*** this is not financial or legal advice*** Bitcoin SV is the “original” Bitcoin.  It restores the original Bitcoin protocol, will keep it stable, and allow it to massively scale.  Bitcoin SV will maintain the vision set out by Satoshi Nakamoto's white paper in 2008: Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System Jimmy Nguyen is one of the world's leading Bitcoin advocates, supporting Bitcoin SV [BSV] as the original design, protocol and vision of Bitcoin's founder Satoshi Nakamoto. Jimmy was formerly CEO of nChain Group, the worldwide leader in advisory, research and development of blockchain technologies, and now is Chair of its Strategic Advisory Board. nChain's Chief Scientist is Dr. Craig Wright, one of the earliest and most visionary minds working in Bitcoin. Jimmy is also Founding President of the Bitcoin Association, the worldwide industry organization for the business of Bitcoin. The association backs Bitcoin SV, and brings together developers, merchants, exchanges, miners and other Bitcoin network participants. Jimmy heads the industry group as it builds the global infrastructure and ecosystem for Bitcoin SV. Show Links: CRYPTO101podcast.com Patreon: www.patreon.com/user?u=8429526 Twitter: twitter.com/Crypto101Pod twitter.com/BrycePaul101 twitter.com/PizzaMind www.instagram.com/crypto_101 Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/groups/101Crypto/ https://www.facebook.com/CRYPTO101Podcast/ **THIS IS NOT FINANCIAL OR LEGAL ADVICE** © Copyright 2019 Boardwalk Flock, LLC All Rights Reserved Music: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oILGUkxmTR8 Keddie by Loxbeats https://soundcloud.com/loxbeats Creative Commons — Attribution 3.0 Unported — CC BY 3.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/b... Music promoted by Audio Library https://youtu.be/oILGUkxmTR8 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gv0OSpS2ABU Transient by Ghostrifter Official https://soundcloud.com/ghostrifter-of... Creative Commons — Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported — CC BY-SA 3.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/b... Music promoted by Audio Library https://youtu.be/Gv0OSpS2ABUAdvertising Inquiries: https://redcircle.com/brandsPrivacy & Opt-Out: https://redcircle.com/privacy

*** this is not financial or legal advice*** Bitcoin SV is the “original” Bitcoin.  It restores the original Bitcoin protocol, will keep it stable, and allow it to massively scale.  Bitcoin SV will maintain the vision set out by Satoshi Nakamoto’s white paper in 2008: Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System Jimmy Nguyen is one of the world’s leading Bitcoin advocates, supporting Bitcoin SV [BSV] as the original design, protocol and vision of Bitcoin’s founder Satoshi Nakamoto. Jimmy was formerly CEO of nChain Group, the worldwide leader in advisory, research and development of blockchain technologies, and now is Chair of its Strategic Advisory Board. nChain’s Chief Scientist is Dr. Craig Wright, one of the earliest and most visionary minds working in Bitcoin. Jimmy is also Founding President of the Bitcoin Association, the worldwide industry organization for the business of Bitcoin. The association backs Bitcoin SV, and brings together developers, merchants, exchanges, miners and other Bitcoin network participants. Jimmy heads the industry group as it builds the global infrastructure and ecosystem for Bitcoin SV. Show Links: CRYPTO101podcast.com Patreon: www.patreon.com/user?u=8429526 Twitter: twitter.com/Crypto101Pod twitter.com/BrycePaul101 twitter.com/PizzaMind www.instagram.com/crypto_101 Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/groups/101Crypto/ https://www.facebook.com/CRYPTO101Podcast/ **THIS IS NOT FINANCIAL OR LEGAL ADVICE** © Copyright 2019 Boardwalk Flock, LLC All Rights Reserved Music: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oILGUkxmTR8 Keddie by Loxbeats https://soundcloud.com/loxbeats Creative Commons — Attribution 3.0 Unported — CC BY 3.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/b... Music promoted by Audio Library https://youtu.be/oILGUkxmTR8 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gv0OSpS2ABU Transient by Ghostrifter Official https://soundcloud.com/ghostrifter-of... Creative Commons — Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported — CC BY-SA 3.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/b... Music promoted by Audio Library https://youtu.be/Gv0OSpS2ABU

Micah Winkelspecht joins us today to analyze the forces that are shaping the volatile cryptocurrency markets and the evolution of the decentralized ecosystem. Micah offers insights into the many pain points that are confronting the industry and what it’s going to take for digital assets to cross the chasm into mainstream adoption. Chitra spoke to Micah in early October, just two weeks shy of the 10th anniversary of the Satoshi Nakamoto whitepaper, “Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System.”   In this in-depth interview, Micah describes how his casual interest in cryptocurrency as a software engineer in 2010 turned into crypto evangelism after reading the Satoshi whitepaper in 2013. He fell down the cryptocurrency rabbit hole from which he hasn’t yet emerged (and likely never will). Having been through four crypto down-cycles, Micah offers tales from the front to help us put the current market volatility in perspective and looks ahead to how the decentralized ecosystem will evolve over the next decade.  

E como prometido, a segunda parte do episódio de blockchain e criptomoedas, com mais informações sobre o sistema de pagamento sem mediação, e recursos virtuais. Participantes:Letícia Fainé, Caio Gomes (@caiocgomes), Elton Carvalho e Julián Catino (@jcatino). Edição de Alexandre Mello. Aconselhamos o uso de fones de ouvido para escutar os programas.   Rock 1 - Easy Money- King Crimson. Rock 2- Ain't No Rest For The Wicked- Cage The Elephant. Rock 3- Money (That's What I Want)- Led Zeppelin . Referências : Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System - https://bitcoin.org/bitcoin.pdf https:coinmarketcap.com/ 3Blue1Brown - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bBC-nXj3Ng4 http://bitcointalk.org//   Ah, você não gosta das músicas? É uma pena, mas não tem problema! Agora você pode ouvir a versão sem músicas! Esse é o nosso Lado B! Assine o Lado B para sempre ter acesso ao episódio editado sem as músicas! Gostou do episódio? Não gostou do episódio? Encontrou alguma falha gritante (ou pequena que seja)? Envie seu comentário! Pode ser aqui mesmo no site ou pelo email rock@rockcomciencia.com.br. Ou ainda pelo Twitter ou Facebook!

Já pensou como seria pagar por suas compras sem precisar do seu banco? Com a utilização de criptomoedas é possível obter um sistema de pagamento sem mediadores, entenda mais sobre esse tema na discussão dessa semana! Participantes:Letícia Fainé, Caio Gomes (@caiocgomes), Elton Carvalho e Julián Catino (@jcatino). Edição de Alexandre Mello. Aconselhamos o uso de fones de ouvido para escutar os programas.   Rock 1 - Easy Money- King Crimson. Rock 2- Ain't No Rest For The Wicked- Cage The Elephant. Rock 3- Money (That's What I Want)- Led Zeppelin . Referências : Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System - https://bitcoin.org/bitcoin.pdf https:coinmarketcap.com/ 3Blue1Brown - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bBC-nXj3Ng4 http://bitcointalk.org//   Ah, você não gosta das músicas? É uma pena, mas não tem problema! Agora você pode ouvir a versão sem músicas! Esse é o nosso Lado B! Assine o Lado B para sempre ter acesso ao episódio editado sem as músicas! Gostou do episódio? Não gostou do episódio? Encontrou alguma falha gritante (ou pequena que seja)? Envie seu comentário! Pode ser aqui mesmo no site ou pelo email rock@rockcomciencia.com.br. Ou ainda pelo Twitter ou Facebook!

In Episode 56 of Hidden Forces, Demetri Kofinas speaks with Hedera Hashgraph President Tom Trowbridge about the latest news from the company that made its splash on the Hidden Forces podcast less than one year ago. In the Fall of 2008, equity markets were in free fall. The Dow Jones Industrial Average, S&P 500, and Nasdaq Composite were all on their way towards making lows not seen since the mid-1990’s. Stock valuations would collapse by more than fifty percent, prominent investment banks filed for bankruptcy while others fled into the rapacious arms of their competitors or under the safe umbrella of Congress and the Federal Reserve. At the same time as Schumpeter’s ghost was rattling his chains on Wall Street, Satoshi’s white paper was making the rounds on a cryptography mailing list in some obscure corner of the Internet. “I’ve been working on a new electronic cash system that’s fully peer-to-peer, with no trusted third party,” he wrote, directing the several hundred recipients to his paper, "Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System.” “Merchants must be wary of their customers,” he writes, “a certain percentage of fraud is accepted as unavoidable. These costs and payment uncertainties can be avoided in person by using physical currency, but no mechanism exists to make payments over a communications channel without a trusted party.” This last bit was only partly true. It was Satoshi’s paper, after all, that made it untrue. Though few realized it at the time, the Bitcoin whitepaper marked the beginning of the Internet’s second act. In the ten years since its publication, we have seen an explosion of interest, development, and investment in protocols built from Satoshi’s underlying blockchain technology, designed to execute commands across a distributed, trustless network of computers. Ethereum led the way with its pioneering Virtual Machine, able to execute smart contracts across a permissionless network, and since, several competing ledgers have cropped up, each claiming some advancement over prior versions. But what if, in their bid to create a faster horse, developers and investors alike have missed a crucial turning point in the evolution of the Internet. Satoshi’s white paper, brilliant as it was, never claimed to be the blueprint for a world computer. As the bitcoin network has grown, so too have the costs of its transactions, and this is because adding blocks takes time. Deciding what chain to build on requires the network to agree on which chain is the longest, and when chains are growing too fast, it’s hard to tell the difference. In the last several years we’ve seen an explosion of brainpower devoted towards creating workarounds to the scalability problem, but we’ve also seen a quiet, committed effort at building alternatives that aren’t saddled with blockchain’s limitations. Perhaps the most interesting of these alternatives is hashgraph, built as a directed acyclic graph, it’s fundamental innovation is not in its architecture, but in its consensus. Even to those who see promise in hashgraph, the technology can often seem like magic. One might describe its consensus protocol as nothing more than a compression algorithm for the casting of votes. What would have once taken an impossible amount of time, can now be accomplished in a matter of seconds. A voting algorithm for a global network. It was Claude Shannon, the father of information theory, who stated it most clearly: “The fundamental problem of communication is that of reproducing at one point either exactly or approximately a message selected at another.” In its first iteration, the Internet solved the problem of communication across a network without the need for a trusted third party, but making definitive statements about that communication has always required an intermediary. In order to harness the full power of the Internet, we need to do for data processing, computation, and storage what the existing suite of Internet protocols have already done for communication. A revolution for a new generation. The Internet’s second act. Producer & Host: Demetri Kofinas Editor & Engineer: Stylianos Nicolaou Join the conversation on Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter at @hiddenforcespod

Adam Draper made a crazy bet on cryptocurrency when he launched Boost VC, a bitcoin startup accelerator in 2012. Learn about bitcoin, cryptocurrencies, and blockchain from the founder of one of bitcoin and blockchain's earliest and most active incubators. Guest Biography Adam Draper is the founder and managing director of Boost VC. The first fund to focus on Bitcoin related startups. Adam is a 2x entrepreneur and a 4th generation venture capitalist. He also has a very large comic book collection. In 2009, the same year that Adam graduated from UCLA, he founded Xpert Financial, a secondary market for private securities. After settling millions of dollars in private security transactions and becoming a registered broker dealer, he left Xpert Financial in late 2012 and began angel investing, where he backed such startups as Coinbase, Plangrid and Amplitude. Adam then partnered up with Brayton Williams and to change the face of global startup mentorship. The focus of Boost VC on future technology development stems from Adam Draper's dream to create an Iron Man suit. Show notes: http://www.inspiredmoney.fm/031 In this episode, you will learn: What is Bitcoin and why you should care? Why Adam is betting that digital currency will be the future of finance. Risks of investing in the early stages of bitcoin and other crytopcurrencies Find more from our guest: Twitter Medium LinkedIn Boost VC: Boost VC website Twitter Medium Facebook Instagram Mentioned in this episode: Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System by Satoshi Nakamoto coinbase.com Thanks for Listening! To share your thoughts: Leave a note in the comment section below. Share this show on Twitter or Facebook. To help out the show: Leave an honest review on Apple Podcasts. Your ratings and reviews really help, and I read each one. Email me your address, and I'll mail you an autographed copy of Kimo West and Ken Emerson's CD, Slackers in Paradise. Subscribe on Apple Podcasts. Special thanks to Jim Kimo West for the music.

Welcome to the first episode of Hash Power, an audio documentary that explores the world of blockchain and cryptocurrencies with leaders in the field like Naval Ravikant, Olaf Carlson-Wee, Fred Ehrsam, & Ari Paul. Hash Power is meant to be an introduction, but really, it is an invitation to explore this emerging world on your own.  In the coming weeks, we will cover the technology, the power of decentralization, bitcoin, Ethereum, ICOs, cryptography and hashing. We will spend time with the leading active hedge fund managers in the field, and with outside investors who are both optimistic and skeptical. Episode one covers the big picture, and answers the question: what is blockchain and why might it significantly affect our world? If you enjoy what follows, you’ll still be very early in understanding this field. Most don’t. So help me spread it like wildfire, because the more people that understand blockchain, the better its impact might become. Please enjoy episode one, and stay tuned next week for episode 2, which explores investing in cryptocurrencies. Hash Power is presented by Fidelity Investments   For comprehensive show notes on this episode go to http://investorfieldguide.com/hashpower For more episodes go to InvestorFieldGuide.com/podcast. To get involved with Project Frontier, head to InvestorFieldGuide.com/frontier. Sign up for the book club, where you’ll get a full investor curriculum and then 3-4 suggestions every month at InvestorFieldGuide.com/bookclub. Follow Patrick on Twitter at @patrick_oshag   Books Referenced The Sovereign Individual: Mastering the Transition to the Information Age Nostalgia for the Absolute   Links Referenced Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System Reddit User jav_rddt SHA-256 Calculator The BitCoin Model for Crowdfunding Fat Protocols #cryptotwitter   Show Notes 0:05 – Introduction    CHAPTER 1 – Understanding the Concept of Blockchain (3:25) 4:30 – Jeremiah Lowin explains how blockchain is like a database             5:14 – Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System 5:46 – Owning a digital asset 7:14 – Naval Ravikant, CEO of Angelist on how blockchains can help to create personal networks and organize humans 11:01 – How blockchains represent a way to coordinate global activity through tokens 13:33 – New coins popping up around data storage and utility needs like solar panels 14:57 – Permission vs permissionless networks 16:37 – Protocols and the introduction of scarcity 18:13 – Keeping track of scarcity and the introduction of tokens 18:49 – Societal structures and how blockchains will change them again             18:51 – The Sovereign Individual: Mastering the Transition to the Information Age 21:55 – The role of blockchains in the informational age and the rise of more individual sovereignty 23:29 - Fred Ehrsam, co-founder of Coinbase, on the increasing shift to digital worlds led by incentive structures   CHAPTER 2 – Blockchain Technology (27:48)             29:09 - Reddit User jav_rddt             30:43 - SHA-256 Calculator 31:53 - Charlie Noyes, Pantera Capital, explains how SHA-256 was developed and what make its so special 35:48 – How miners create new blocks and the incentives to do so 40:22 – The nonce field 43:48 – The incentives that exist for miners and the arms race to build more powerful systems to mine 45:20 – The development of mining pools 46:54 – Ethereum, the “spiritual successor” to bitcoin 48:36 – How the Ether network is an ecosystem in which other tokens can sit 50:51 - Naval Ravikant on alternative coins or tokens             50:50 - The BitCoin Model for Crowdfunding 51:37 – How the protocol creators are the ones getting wealthy             52:35 – Fat Protocols 53:22 – Blockchain as an experiment in distributed government 54:47 – How cryptocurrency is more than just technology, it’s a movement             54:50 – Nostalgia for the Absolute             57:27 - #cryptotwitter 1:00:58 - Peter Jubber, of Fidelity, on how huge institutions, like theirs, are getting into the cryptocurrency game 1:4:01 –The notion of cooperation in an open source project or protocol 1:05:21- Olaf Carlson-Wee, first employee at Coinbase and the founder of Polychain, on the early excitement for cryptocurrency 1:06:56– Closing thoughts from Patrick             Looking to work in this space - hashpowerdeveloper@gmail.com   Learn More For more episodes go to InvestorFieldGuide.com/podcast.  Sign up for the book club, where you’ll get a full investor curriculum and then 3-4 suggestions every month at InvestorFieldGuide.com/bookclub Follow Patrick on twitter at @patrick_oshag

比特币是2013年的一个热点话题，在 Teahour.FM 本年度收官之际，主持人 Daniel 邀请到了貔貅 Peatio交易所的创始人邱亮 HappyHacking来跟大家聊聊跟比特币相关的有趣的话题，包括比特币的历史，现状，原理，以及未来等等，本期话题非常适合对比特币背后的技术有兴趣的朋友。 比特别是怎么产生的 比特币背后的技术 如何解读中本聪的比特别创世论文 比特币的发展何现状 比特币的获取方式 比特币的交易安全 比特别全网算力的发展史 比特币的流通特点，交易特点 国内外比特别交易平台的特点，现状 全民所有制的比特币交易平台 关于邱亮 weibo：HappyHacking 貔貅 Peatio Bitcoin Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System P2P 非对称加密算法/公开密钥加密算法 中本聪 创世论文(翻译) 通货紧缩 MT.Gox BTC-e BTCChina 李笑来 鲁葳 pusher mailgun NewRelic Special Guest: 邱亮 .

Special Episode Today all about Cryptoassets, blockchain, cryptocurrency and we’ll dive into a few like Bitcoin. Bitcoin is a cryptocurrency that was released in 2009 and has become the first currency of its kind in the modern age that does not need a central bank to function. It’s created a lot of buzz in the market and is a topic where there is loads of noise and if you don’t focus you can lose track of what you’re talking about. We’ve got a cryptospecial over the next two weeks with today being the introduction to everything and then we’ll dive into our interviews with a guest that has a lot of knowledge on the topic. We split the podcast their interview up into 3 parts because there was just too much information for one episode. Welcome Chainers to another edition of Chain of Wealth, as I mentioned before today isn’t an actual interview but rather a discussion between Katie and myself where we can explore the topic a bit, I’m a lot more technical on the topic and have done quite a bit of reading on it, and Katie has heard me muttering about this crypto, that crypto and so we decided to break down the topic so it’s super easy to understand. [3:32] Timing of cryptocurrencies ·      seems all of a sudden ·      Bitcoin was almost at $20,000 in December 2017 and now it’s under $8,000. [5:4] What is a cryptocurrency and where did they come from? ·      2009 Satoshi Nakamoto which is actually an alias for the inventor of Bitcoin ·      The actual maker is unknown. ·      Whitepaper in October 2008 entitled Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System. [9:32] What is mining? ·      The process of mining is solving mathematical problems to create the blockchain. ·      It becomes substantially harder to mine as time goes on. ·      People setup PCs to do this. Over time people discovered that graphic cards were better than CPUs to do this which even caused the share prices of AMD and Nvidea to go up. ·      Requires a substantial amount of power to mine a coin these days [15:2] Is bitcoin a currency or what is it? ·      It is a new type of currency ·      Used world wide ·      Own a portion of a coin- you don’t have to own the whole thing Support this podcast at — https://redcircle.com/chain-of-wealth-debt-investing-entrepreneurship-wealth-and-more/donationsWant to advertise on this podcast? Go to https://redcircle.com/brands and sign up.