Podcast appearances and mentions of David Chaum

In Unione Europea è entrato in vigore il MICA, Intesa Sanpaolo acquista Bitcoin, Meta li valuta per la liquidità dell'azienda: a pochi giorni dall'insediamento di Donald Trump cosa sta succedendo allo status di Bitcoin in Occidente?Inoltre vi sveliamo l'esistenza del tesoro nascosto, festeggiamo il vincitore del Finney Freedom Prize e raccontiamo il lato scuro del mining in Etiopia.It's showtime!

// GUEST // Website: https://jackkruse.com/ X: https://x.com/DrJackKruse Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/drjackkruse // SPONSORS //The Farm at Okefenokee: https://okefarm.com/Heart and Soil Supplements (use discount code BREEDLOVE): https://heartandsoil.co/In Wolf's Clothing: https://wolfnyc.com/OnRamp: https://onrampbitcoin.com/breedloveMindlab Pro: https://www.mindlabpro.com/breedloveCoinbits: https://coinbits.app/breedloveEmerge Dynamics: https://emergedynamics.com/breedlove // PRODUCTS I ENDORSE //Protect your mobile phone from SIM swap attacks: https://www.efani.com/breedloveNoble Protein (discount code BREEDLOVE for 15% off): https://nobleorigins.com/Lineage Provisions (use discount code BREEDLOVE): https://lineageprovisions.com/?ref=breedlove_22Colorado Craft Beef (use discount code BREEDLOVE): https://coloradocraftbeef.com/ // OUTLINE //0:00 - WiM Intro 1:10 - What you want most is where you least want to look 10:29 - 1812 and 1941 (The Battle of Waterloo and WWII) 19:52 - The Farm at Okefenokee 21:11 - Heart and Soil Supplements 22:11 - Helping Lightning Startups with In Wolf's Clothing 23:04 - Follow the Money, Find the Truth 33:13 - Washington, Bukele, and Milei 37:31 - COVID, Trump, and CBDC's 46:36 - On-Ramp Bitcoin Custody 47:58 - MindLab Pro 49:07 - Buy Bitcoin with Coinbits 50:36 - Medical Corruption and the Polio Vax 1:08:03 - EMF's and Biomedical Interventions 1:11:45 - Emerge Dynamics 1:12:48 - “The State Makes Satan Look like a Nice Guy” 1:24:22 - Central Banking, Intelligence Agencies, and Propaganda 1:36:50 - Trump and the Future of America's Health 1:41:59 - Should Bitcoiners Run for Office? 1:45:41 - The Rothschild Family, The Balfour Declaration, and WWII 2:04:53 - WHAT IS MONEY? 2:07:18 - Zionism, Trump, and Bitcoin Nation State Adoption 2:19:41 - Who is Satoshi Nakamoto? (Meyer Lansky, David Chaum, and Len Sassaman) 3:12:01 - Bitcoin and the Control of Money 3:28:06 - Blue Light, Flouride, and LSD 3:41:07 - What is Leptin? 3:53:46 - Technology, Nature, and Globalism 4:07:29 - How can We Protect Ourselves? 4:18:32 - How to Connect with Dr. Jack Kruse // PODCAST //Podcast Website: https://whatismoneypodcast.com/Apple Podcast: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-what-is-money-show/id1541404400Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/25LPvm8EewBGyfQQ1abIsERSS Feed: https://feeds.simplecast.com/MLdpYXYI // SUPPORT THIS CHANNEL //Bitcoin: 3D1gfxKZKMtfWaD1bkwiR6JsDzu6e9bZQ7Sats via Strike: https://strike.me/breedlove22Dollars via Paypal: https://www.paypal.com/paypalme/RBreedloveDollars via Venmo: https://account.venmo.com/u/Robert-Breedlove-2 // SOCIAL //Breedlove X: https://x.com/Breedlove22WiM? X: https://x.com/WhatisMoneyShowLinkedin: https://www.linkedin.com/in/breedlove22/Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/breedlove_22/TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@breedlove22Substack: https://breedlove22.substack.com/All My Current Work: https://linktr.ee/robertbreedlove

The Cypherpunk movement is a socio-political movement advocating for the widespread use of strong cryptography and privacy-enhancing technologies as a means to effect social and political change. Rooted in libertarian philosophy, cypherpunks believe in decentralization, individual autonomy, and freedom from centralized authority. Their impact on society is undeniable, from influencing the development of cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin to mainstreaming encryption in everyday technologies like secure messaging apps.History:While cryptography was largely confined to military and intelligence agencies until the 1970s, the publication of the Data Encryption Standard (DES) and the first publicly available work on public-key cryptography brought it into the public sphere. David Chaum's 1985 paper, "Security without Identification: Transaction Systems to Make Big Brother Obsolete," further laid the groundwork for Cypherpunk ideas.The term "cypherpunk" emerged in the late 1980s, and the movement gained momentum with the establishment of the "Cypherpunks" electronic mailing list in 1992. The list, described as "a very active forum," hosted discussions on a range of topics, including mathematics, cryptography, computer science, political and philosophical discussions, personal arguments, and even spam.Key Principles:The Cypherpunk ethos is captured in Eric Hughes' 1993 "A Cypherpunk's Manifesto":"Privacy is necessary for an open society in the electronic age...We cannot expect governments, corporations, or other large, faceless organizations to grant us privacy… We must defend our own privacy if we expect to have any. … Cypherpunks write code. We know that someone has to write software to defend privacy, and … we're going to write it."LEARN MORE ABOUT MVMT/Web3 Unpackedhttps://linktr.ee/mvmt.mediahttps://mvmt.media#cypherpunks #cypherpunk #richpasqua #richardpasqua #Web3 #data #privacy #learnweb3 #analytics #dataanalytics  #gaming #NFT  #Helicka, #userengagement  #blockchain #marketingstrategy #datamarketing  #web3gaming  #ai  #community  #investment #userexperience  #monetization  #gamedevelopment #gaming #onchainanalytics #onchain #web3unpacked

Any donation is greatly appreciated! 47e6GvjL4in5Zy5vVHMb9PQtGXQAcFvWSCQn2fuwDYZoZRk3oFjefr51WBNDGG9EjF1YDavg7pwGDFSAVWC5K42CBcLLv5U OR DONATE HERE: https://www.monerotalk.live/donate TODAY'S SHOW: In this episode of MoneroTalk Douglas Tuman welcomes back Vlad, an early Bitcoiner and a Monero enthusiast, for a candid discussion on the latest developments in the Monero community, crypto culture, and the broader privacy-tech landscape. They discuss the debate over digital gold vs. digital cash, what has changed about Bitcoin culture, and buying nostalgic Nintendo gear with Monero. Tune in to hear about highlights from the recent MoneroTopia conference, updates about XMR Bazaar marketplace, and Vlad's new Privacy Magazine Project. TIMESTAMPS: (00:01:14) MoneroTopia Recap (00:39:23) XMR Bazaar Discussion (00:55:01) Vlad's Privacy Magazine (01:09:10) Monero Supply and Utility vs. Bitcoin (01:20:52) David Chaum and His Impact (01:24:21) Future of Monerotopia (01:37:44) Closing Remarks & XMR Bazaar Reccomendations LINKS: https://x.com/TheVladCostea Purchase Cafe & tip the farmers w/ XMR! https://gratuitas.org/ Purchase a plug & play Monero node at https://moneronodo.com SPONSORS: Cakewallet.com, the first open-source Monero wallet for iOS. You can even exchange between XMR, BTC, LTC & more in the app! Monero.com by Cake Wallet - ONLY Monero wallet (https://monero.com/) StealthEX, an instant exchange. Go to (https://stealthex.io) to instantly exchange between Monero and 450 plus assets, w/o having to create an account or register & with no limits. WEBSITE: https://www.monerotopia.com CONTACT: monerotalk@protonmail.com ODYSEE: https://odysee.com/@MoneroTalk:8 TWITTER: https://twitter.com/monerotalk FACEBOOK: https://www.facebook.com/MoneroTalk HOST: https://twitter.com/douglastuman INSTAGRAM: https://www.instagram.com/monerotalk TELEGRAM: https://t.me/monerotopia MATRIX: https://matrix.to/#/%23monerotopia%3Amonero.social MASTODON: @Monerotalk@mastodon.social MONERO.TOWN: https://monero.town/u/monerotalk

Si è chiuso il PlanB Forum di Lugano, la conferenza più fintech che Bitcoin che (forse) mancava.Inoltre: gli azionisti di Microsoft chiedono all'azienda di accumulare Bitcoin, la Emory University investe in ETF Bitcoin, la falsa dicotomia tra metodo di pagamento e riserva di valore, il fondo di investimenti VanEck ammette che Bitcoin è un asset dei Paesi emergenti, e molto altro!It's showtime!

(NOTAS Y ENLACES DEL CAPÍTULO AQUÍ: https://www.jaimerodriguezdesantiago.com/kaizen/201-descentralizacion-iii-la-guerras-cripto-antes-de-bitcoin/)«Gobiernos del Mundo Industrial, cansados gigantes de carne y acero, vengo del Ciberespacio, el nuevo hogar de la Mente. En nombre del futuro, os pido a vosotros del pasado que nos dejéis en paz. No sois bienvenidos entre nosotros. No tenéis soberanía alguna sobre el lugar donde nos reunimosNo hemos elegido ningún gobierno, ni es probable que lo hagamos, así que me dirijo a vosotros sin más autoridad que aquella con la que la libertad siempre habla. Declaro el espacio social global que estamos construyendo independiente por naturaleza de las tiranías que estáis buscando imponernos. No tenéis ningún derecho moral a gobernarnos, ni disponéis de métodos para forzarnos a cumplir vuestra ley que tengamos razón para temer.Los gobiernos derivan sus lícitos poderes del consentimiento de los que son gobernados. No habéis pedido ni recibido el nuestro. No os hemos invitado. No nos conocéis, ni conocéis nuestro mundo. El Ciberespacio no se halla dentro de vuestras fronteras. No penséis que podéis construirlo, como si fuera una obra pública. No podéis. Es un acto natural que crece de nuestras acciones colectivas.No os habéis unido a nuestras reuniones, ni creasteis la riqueza de nuestros mercados. No conocéis nuestra cultura, nuestra ética, o los códigos no escritos que ya proporcionan a nuestra sociedad más orden que el que podría obtenerse por cualquiera de vuestras imposiciones.Proclamáis que hay problemas entre nosotros que vosotros necesitáis resolver. Usáis esto como una excusa para invadir nuestros límites. Muchos de estos problemas no existen. Donde haya auténticos conflictos, donde haya errores, los identificaremos y resolveremos por nuestros propios medios. Estamos creando nuestro propio Contrato Social. Esta autoridad se creará según las condiciones de nuestro mundo, no del vuestro. Nuestro mundo es diferente.»Así empezaba un texto mítico de la contracultura digital de los años 90: la declaración de independencia del ciberespacio, escrita por John Perry Barlow en 1996. Si escuchaste el capítulo que dediqué a la cultura hacker recordarás que muchos de sus valores me parecía que eran especialmente relevantes en el mundo que tenemos hoy y, sobre todo, en el que tendremos mañana. También te decía que, ahora que con todo el movimiento crypto se habla tanto de descentralización, yo veía en esas conversaciones mucho del idealismo de aquella cultura hacker de los 80 y 90. Y no es casualidad. En el origen de mucho de todo esto estaban, claro está, hackers. Precisamente investigando esos orígenes, y uniendo las piezas de mi propia memoria, me encontré con una historia que creo que es digna de ser contada. No ya por lo interesante que pueda parecerme, sino por el debate que encierra sobre nuestros derechos como ciudadanos. Y a esa historia y a ese debate, vamos a dedicar el capítulo de hoy. ¡Ya están abiertas las inscripciones para la 2ª edición del programa de desarrollo directivo y liderazgo que dirijo en Tramontana! ¿Te interesa? Toda la info aquí: https://www.tramontana.net/desarrollo-directivo-liderazgo¿Te gusta kaizen? Apoya el podcast uniéndote a la Comunidad y accede a contenidos y ventajas exclusivas: https://www.jaimerodriguezdesantiago.com/comunidad-kaizen/

Misschien wel het belangrijkste document in de crypto wereld is de Bitcoin whitepaper. Satoshi Nakamoto schreef dit document in 2008, midden in de financiële crisis. Door deze publicatie hoorde de wereld voor het eerst van Bitcoin. Aan de Bitcoin whitepaper wordt veel waarde gehecht, omdat de visie van Satoshi hier duidelijk in naar voren zou komen, maar is dat eigenlijk wel zo? Robert Reinder Nederhoed van Bitmymoney schuift bij de Cryptocast aan om dit document eens goed onder de loep te nemen.  Om de woorden van Satoshi tot ons te krijgen leest Herbert passages uit de Bitcoin whitepaper voor. Hiervoor hebben wij een Nederlandse vertaling uitgekozen beschikbaar op BTCdirect. Na de voorgelezen stukken reflecteren Robert Reinder Nederhoed en co-host Jacob Boersma op de verschillende hoofdstukken die langskomen. Tegelijkertijd leren we een hoop over hoe Bitcoin werkt. Wat is bijvoorbeeld een gedistribueerde tijdstempel server? Hoe zat het ook alweer met private keys en public keys? Waarom is het belangrijk dat we geen derde partij hoeven te vertrouwen? Is er veel of weinig privacy als je een Bitcoin transactie doet?  Ook opvallend is dat Satoshi Nakamoto in de we vorm schrijft. Is dit een hint dat Satoshi niet een individu is, maar eigenlijk een groep? Bij deze vraag komt er een mooie anekdote naar boven dat David Chaum te gast was bij de Cryptocast. Voor wie op zoek is naar deze aflevering, dat is nummer 90. Tot slot valt het op dat Satoshi zijn whitepaper afsluit met nogal een open einde. Nergens is een aankondiging te vinden dat hij veel tijd gaat steken in dit project. Hoe viel deze aankondiging onder de cypherpunks? Werd Bitcoin direct met groot applaus ontvangen of lag dat eigenlijk heel anders? We analyseren de woorden van de anonieme bedenker van BTC nauwkeurig. Wat voor visie kun je destilleren na het lezen van de Bitcoin whitepaper?   Gasten Jacob Boersma Robert Reinder Nederhoed Links De Bitcoin whitepaper vertaling van BTCdirect David Chaum in de Cryptocast Host Herbert Blankesteijn Redactie Wouter HoesSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Cashu é um sistema de eCash livre e de código aberto para o Bitcoin. Cashu oferece privacidade quase perfeita para usuários de Bitcoin com custodiantes. Ninguém precisa saber quem é você, qual é o seu saldo e com quem você transaciona. Conversamos com o jaonoctus para entender melhor como funciona esse sistema e quais são suas vantagens e desvantagens. "Blind Signatures for Untraceable Payments" - David Chaum, 1982 https://chaum.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Chaum-blind-signatures.pdf "Chaumian ecash without RSA" - David Wagner, 1996 https://cypherpunks.venona.com/date/1996/03/msg01848.html Cashu https://cashu.space/ Dr. Calle https://twitter.com/callebtc Vinteum https://vinteum.org/ Casa21 https://twitter.com/casavinteum Meetups SP Bitdevs https://www.meetup.com/pt-BR/clubebitcoinsp/events/ https://saopaulobitdevs.org/ JãoNoctus no bitcoinheiros https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLgcVYwONyxmjpxzY2pxuTfOPHoxI5VUhC Gravado no bloco 838648 00:00 Introdução - Bloco 838648 00:49 Casa21: Espaço para desenvolvedores de Bitcoin em São Paulo 02:30 Workshops semanais na Casa21 para desenvolvedores interessados em Bitcoin 03:31 Cashu: ecash rodando em cima da Lightning? 06:16 O que é uma custódia clássica, seus problemas e como Cashu resolve? 12:07 Assinaturas Cegas: O funcionamento do Cashu e as diferentes assinaturas para cada quantidade de tokens 18:11 Quem é o público alvo do Cashu e em quais situações é útil utilizar? 20:17 O que acontece se eu não confiar no mint? 21:57 Teste do Cashu: Criação, adição e envio de satoshis para um mint 25:10 Teste do Cashu: Contrato entre dois usuários e um mint 29:07 Teste do Cashu: Troca de um mint para outro de confiança 32:51 De quem é o interesse em ter mints? 34:09 Os benefícios do Cashu: A volta de uma economia circular e comunitária? 36:02 Cashu pode ser usado na criação de stablecoin atrelado ao dólar e com reserva em bitcoin? 37:27 Cashu resolve o problema da custódia ou apenas da privacidade? 39:55 Qual é a diferença do Cashu para o Fedimint? 43:35 Cashu é uma solução de escalabilidade por causa do mint? 46:35 Cashu diminui o custo de transação e pode ser usado em um cenário de satoshis cada vez mais caros para transacionar 48:10 Cashu será mais um experimento ou tem potência de escalar e ser usado por milhões de pessoas? 49:34 Links das ferramentas e da Vinteum na descrição do vídeo! ________________ APOIE O CANAL https://bitcoinheiros.com/apoie/ ⚡ln@pay.bitcoinheiros.com Para agendar uma CONSULTA PRIVADA com o Dov: https://consultorio.bitcoinheiros.com/ Escute no Fountain Podcasts (https://fountain.fm/join-fountain) para receber e enviar satoshinhos no modelo Value4Value SIGA OS BITCOINHEIROS: Site: https://www.bitcoinheiros.com Twitter: https://www.twitter.com/bitcoinheiros Allan - https://www.twitter.com/allanraicher Dov - https://twitter.com/bitdov Becas - https://twitter.com/bksbk6 Ivan - https://twitter.com/bitofsilence Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/bitcoinheiros Facebook: https://www.fb.com/bitcoinheiros Podcast: https://anchor.fm/bitcoinheiros Medium: https://medium.com/@bitcoinheiros COMO GUARDAR SEUS BITCOINS? Bitcoinheiros recomendam o uso de carteiras Multisig com Hardware Wallets de diferentes fabricantes ou próprias. Para ver as carteiras de hardware que recomendamos, acesse https://www.bitcoinheiros.com/carteiras Veja os descontos e clique nos links de afiliados para ajudar o canal Por exemplo, para a COLDCARD - https://store.coinkite.com/promo/bitcoinheiros Com o código "bitcoinheiros" você ganha 5% de desconto na ColdCard Playlist "Canivete Suíço Bitcoinheiro" https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLgcVYwONyxmg-KH5bwzMU4sdyMbVMPqwb Playlist "Carteiras Multisig de Bitcoin" https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLgcVYwONyxmi74PiIUSnGieNIPqmtmdjW ISENÇÃO DE RESPONSABILIDADE: Não nos responsabilizamos por qualquer decisão de investimento que você tomar ou ação que você executar inspirada em nossos vídeos. --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/bitcoinheiros/message

"Retrospectively, a lot of ex-DigiCash employees understand why Chaum was so paranoid.  As a cryptographer you have to assume the whole world is trying to rip you off.  A certain amount of paranoia is part of the job. Chaum had also worked for intelligence agencies, and that didn't fortify his faith in the good intentions of humankind. His vision of the privacy of the individual was almost an obsession.  In 1996 he said, in the relations magazine of Honeywell-Bull: "The difference between a bad electronic cash system and well-developed digital cash will determine whether we will have a dictatorship or a real democracy." ~ NEXT Magazine, 1999 Today's story unfolds around the rise and fall of DigiCash, a pioneering company in digital currency from the 90s. It delves into the paradox of its founder, David Chaum, a visionary yet paranoid cryptographer, whose brilliance in cryptography was overshadowed by his poor business acumen and inability to delegate. This leads to a compelling question: How did DigiCash, despite its advanced technology and potential to revolutionize digital payments, fail and how would the past have been different if it hadn't? This is an amazing blast from the past with many lessons to learn, don't miss the article and the Guy's Take to follow! Check out the original article at How DigiCash Blew Everything. (Link: http://tinyurl.com/2s37ew47) Host Links Guy on Nostr (Link: https://tinyurl.com/yc376bff) Guy on X (Link: https://twitter.com/theguyswann) Bitcoin Audible on X (Link: https://twitter.com/BitcoinAudible) Check out our awesome sponsors! Get 9% off the COLDCARD with code BITCOINAUDIBLE ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠(Link: bitcoinaudible.com/coldcard⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠) Swan: The best way to buy, learn, and earn #Bitcoin (Link: https://swanbitcoin.com) “The most effective way to destroy people is to deny and obliterate their own understanding of their history.” ~ George Orwell --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/bitcoinaudible/message

"Retrospectively, a lot of ex-DigiCash employees understand why Chaum was so paranoid.  As a cryptographer you have to assume the whole world is trying to rip you off.  A certain amount of paranoia is part of the job. Chaum had also worked for intelligence agencies, and that didn't fortify his faith in the good intentions of humankind. His vision of the privacy of the individual was almost an obsession.  In 1996 he said, in the relations magazine of Honeywell-Bull: "The difference between a bad electronic cash system and well-developed digital cash will determine whether we will have a dictatorship or a real democracy." ~ NEXT Magazine, 1999 Today's story unfolds around the rise and fall of DigiCash, a pioneering company in digital currency from the 90s. It delves into the paradox of its founder, David Chaum, a visionary yet paranoid cryptographer, whose brilliance in cryptography was overshadowed by his poor business acumen and inability to delegate. This leads to a compelling question: How did DigiCash, despite its advanced technology and potential to revolutionize digital payments, fail and how would the past have been different if it hadn't? This is an amazing blast from the past with many lessons to learn, don't miss the article and the Guy's Take to follow! Check out the original article at How DigiCash Blew Everything. (Link: http://tinyurl.com/2s37ew47) Host Links Guy on Nostr (Link: https://tinyurl.com/yc376bff) Guy on X (Link: https://twitter.com/theguyswann) Bitcoin Audible on X (Link: https://twitter.com/BitcoinAudible) Check out our awesome sponsors! Get 9% off the COLDCARD with code BITCOINAUDIBLE ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠(Link: bitcoinaudible.com/coldcard⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠) Swan: The best way to buy, learn, and earn #Bitcoin (Link: https://swanbitcoin.com) “The most effective way to destroy people is to deny and obliterate their own understanding of their history.” ~ George Orwell --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/bitcoinaudible/message

David Chaum is a mercurial gentleman. He's gone from pretty much inventing digital cash, the main thing he missed being Satoshi's proof of work, to consulting on CBDCs, working with European bankers, and plotting to stop solar warming...

Aaron van Wirdum is a veteran Bitcoin journalist who has been writing for Bitcoin Magazine since 2014. On January 3rd 2024, after nearly five years of working on this project, he launched The Genesis Book: a reflection on the history before Bitcoin.

Privacy pioneer and computer scientist David Chaum articulates his vision for the future of money in a discussion with Cointelegraph's Kristina Lucrezia Cornèr. Chaum highlights the shortcomings of traditional currency, which exacerbates global inequality, and proposes his own solution: “Better Than Money.”Kristina Lucrezia Cornèr's Twitter: @KristinaLCornerCointelegraph's Twitter: @CointelegraphCointelegraph's website: cointelegraph.comThe views, thoughts and opinions expressed in this podcast are its participants' alone and do not necessarily reflect or represent the views and opinions of Cointelegraph. This podcast (and any related content) is for entertainment purposes only and does not constitute financial advice, nor should it be taken as such. Everyone must do their own research and make their own decisions. The podcast's participants may or may not own any of the assets mentioned.

08th Jan Crypto & Coffee at 8❌huobi-korea,to shutdown

In the season finale of Couchonomics S02, Arjun was joined by David Chaum, inventor of electronic money and privacy technology. As Arjun puts it, David is a “living legend” and one of the most influential architects of our present-day financial systems.David's work in cryptography and every other he has touched has had a massive impact across the world. So far, his achievements and impact have been covered predominantly in Western Media, so we're truly excited to bring this conversation to our mostly MENA-based audience.David is currently leading xx network, a completely private, quantum-secure decentralized messaging and payment platform. He is also known for other fundamental innovations in cryptography, including privacy technologies such as mix nets and secure voting systems. With a PhD in Computer Science from UC Berkeley, he has taught at NYU Graduate School of Business and the University of California. David is the founder of the International Association for Cryptologic Research, the Cryptography Group at the Center for Mathematics and Computer Science in Amsterdam, and DigiCash. Among his breakthrough projects are digital blind signatures, multiparty computation, and random sample voting.In the episode, Arjun and David discussed: Why David invented eCash, and how his work pioneered the way for cryptocurrency to be developed in its present formDavid's involvement in exposing cryptographic weaknesses in payment systemsHis latest work: “Better Than Money”, inspired by the shortfallings of the current financial systemHow “Better Than Money” could address global financial inequityBarriers to financial improvement, and how blockchain-driven solutions could benefit the unbankedThe role of both commercial and central banks in the evolving financial landscapeHow “Better Than Money” could coexist with CBDCs and stablecoinsThe potential of “Better Than Money” to address inefficiencies in cross-border payments To learn more about “Better Than Money” and David's ongoing work, visit his website: https://chaum.com/Our website

#504. El enigma detrás del fundador de Bitcoin, Satoshi Nakamoto, va mucho más allá de su desaparición. Hagamos un repaso a las pistas que tenemos de la persona (o personas) que puede haber creado el nuevo oro digital. • Notas de este episodio: https://podcast.pau.ninja/504 • Comunidad + episodios exclusivos: https://sociedad.ninja/ (00:00) Introducción (5:22) La historia y origen del Bitcoin (6:55) David Chaum y la criptografía (9:10) El movimiento cypherpunk (11:47) El White Paper de Satoshi Nakamoto (16:12) Wikileaks y Bitcoin (20:42) La desaparición de Satoshi (25:02) El futuro de Bitcoin y Satoshi (26:32) Por qué necesitamos a Satoshi (28:45) Quien es Satoshi Nakamoto (31:50) El significado de «Satoshi Nakamoto» (32:23) Cuantos Bitcoin tiene Satoshi Nakamoto (34:24) Y sí… se moviera la fortuna de Satoshi Nakamoto (38:38) Y sí… Satoshi Nakamoto hubiera perdido sus claves (40:10) Y sí… el creador de Bitcoin muere (40:42) Y sí… Se supiera quien es (41:15) Teorías sobre quién podría ser (41:20) Dorian Nakamoto (44:10 ) Craig Wright y otros farsantes

Here are my 100 interesting things to learn about cryptography: For a 128-bit encryption key, there are 340 billion billion billion billion possible keys. [Calc: 2**128/(1e9**4)] For a 256-bit encryption key, there are 115,792 billion billion billion billion billion billion billion billion possible keys. [Calc: 2**256/(1e9**8)] To crack a 128-bit encryption with brute force using a cracker running at 1 Teracracks/second, will take — on average — 5 million million million years to crack. Tera is 1,000 billion. [Calc: 2**128/100e9/2/60/60/24/365/(1e6**3)] For a 256-bit key this is 1,835 million million million million million million million million million years. For the brute force cracking of a 35-bit key symmetric key (such as AES), you only need to pay for the boiling of a teaspoon of energy. For a 50-bit key, you just need to have enough money to pay to boil the water for a shower. For a 90-bit symmetric key, you would need the energy to boil a sea, and for a 105-bit symmetric key, you need the energy to boil and ocean. For a 128-bit key, there just isn't enough water on the planet to boil for that. Ref: here. With symmetric key encryption, anything below 72 bits is relatively inexpensive to crack with brute force. One of the first symmetric key encryption methods was the LUCIFER cipher and was created by Horst Feistel at IBM. It was further developed into the DES encryption method. Many, at the time of the adoption of DES, felt that its 56-bit key was too small to be secure and that the NSA had a role in limiting them. With a block cipher, we only have to deal with a fixed size of blocks. DES and 3DES use a 64-bit (eight-byte) block size, and AES uses a 128-bit block size (16 bytes). With symmetric key methods, we either have block ciphers, such as DES, AES CBC and AES ECB, or stream ciphers, such as ChaCha20 and RC4. In order to enhance security, AES has a number of rounds where parts of the key are applied. With 128-bit AES we have 10 rounds, and 14 rounds for 256-bit AES. In AES, we use an S-box to scramble the bytes, and which is applied for each round. When decrypting, we have the inverse of the S-box used in the encrypting process. A salt/nonce or Initialisation Vector (IV) is used with an encryption key in order to change the ciphertext for the same given input. Stream ciphers are generally much faster than block cipers, and can generally be processed in parallel. With the Diffie-Hellman method. Bob creates x and shares g^x (mod p), and Alice creates y, and shares g^y (mod p). The shared key is g^{xy} (mod p). Ralph Merkle — the boy genius — submitted a patent on 5 Sept 1979 and which outlined the Merkle hash. This is used to create a block hash. Ralph Merkle's PhD supervisor was Martin Hellman (famous as the co-creator of the Diffie-Hellman method). Adi Shamir defines a secret share method, and which defines a mathematical equation with the sharing of (x,y), and where a constant value in the equation is the secret. With Shamir Secret Shares (SSS), for a quadratic equation of y=x²+5x+6, the secret is 6. We can share three points at x=1, x=2 and y=3, and which gives y=12, y=20, and y=20, respectively. With the points of (1,12), (2,20), and (3,20), we can recover the value of 6. Adi Shamir broke the Merkle-Hellman knapsack method at a live event at a rump session of a conference. With secret shares, with the highest polynomial power of n, we need n+1 points to come together to regenerate the secret. For example, y=2x+5 needs two points to come together, while y=x²+15x+4 needs three points. The first usable public key method was RSA — and created by Rivest, Shamir and Adleman. It was first published in 1979 and defined in the RSA patent entitled “Cryptographic Communications System and Method”. In public key encryption, we use the public key to encrypt data and the private key to decrypt it. In digital signing, we use the private key to sign a hash and create a digital signature, and then the associated public key to verify the signature. Len Adleman — the “A” in the RSA method — thought that the RSA paper would be one of the least significant papers he would ever publish. The RSA method came to Ron Rivest while he slept on a couch. Martin Gardner published information on the RSA method in his Scientific American article. Initially, there were 4,000 requests for the paper (which rose to 7,000), and it took until December 1977 for them to be posted. The security of RSA is based on the multiplication of two random prime numbers (p and q) to give a public modulus (N). The difficulty of RSA is the difficulty in factorizing this modulus. Once factorized, it is easy to decrypt a ciphertext that has been encrypted using the related modulus. In RSA, we have a public key of (e,N) and a private key of (d,N). e is the public exponent and d is the private exponent. The public exponent is normally set at 65,537. The binary value of 65,537 is 10000000000000001 — this number is efficient in producing ciphertext in RSA. In RSA, the ciphertext is computed from a message of M as C=M^e (mod N), and is decrypted with M=C^d (mod N). We compute the the private exponent (d) from the inverse of the public exponent (e) modulus PHI, and where PHI is (p-1)*(q-1). If we can determine p and q, we can compute PHI. Anything below a 738-bit public modulus is relatively inexpensive to crack for RSA. To crack 2K RSA at the current time, we would need the energy to boil ever ocean on the planet to break it. RSA requires padding is required for security. A popular method has been PCKS#1v1.5 — but this is not provably secure and is susceptible to Bleichenbacher's attack. An improved method is Optimal Asymmetric Encryption Padding (OAEP) and was defined by Bellare and Rogaway and standardized in PKCS#1 v2. The main entity contained in a digital certificate is the public key of a named entity. This is either an RSA or an Elliptic Curve key. A digital certificate is signed with the private key of a trusted entity — Trent. The public key of Trent is then used to prove the integrity and trust of the associated public key. For an elliptic curve of y²=x³+ax+b (mod p), not every (x,y) point is possible. The total number of points is defined as the order (n). ECC (Elliptic Curve Cryptography) was invented by Neal Koblitz and Victor S. Miller in 1985. Elliptic curve cryptography algorithms did not take off until 2004. In ECC, the public key is a point on the elliptic curve. For secp256k1, we have a 256-bit private key and a 512-bit (x,y) point for the public key. A “04” in the public key is an uncompressed public key, and “02” and “03” are compressed versions with only the x-co-ordinate and whether the y coordinate is odd or even. Satoshi selected the secp256k1 curve for Bitcoin, and which gives the equivalent of 128-bit security. The secp256k1 curve uses the mapping of y²=x³ + 7 (mod p), and is known as a Short Weierstrass (“Vier-strass”) curve. The prime number used with secp256k1 is 2²⁵⁶-2³²-2⁹-2⁸-2⁷-2⁶-2⁴-1. An uncompressed secp256k1 public key has 512 bits and is an (x,y) point on the curve. The point starts with a “04”. A compressed secp256k1 public key only stores the x-co-ordinate value and whether the y coordinate is odd or even. It starts with a “02” if the y-co-ordinate is even; otherwise, it starts with a “03”. In computing the public key in ECC of a.G, we use the Montgomery multiplication method and which was created by Peter Montgomery in 1985, in a paper entitled, “Modular Multiplication without Trial Division.” Elliptic Curve methods use two basic operations: point address (P+Q) and point doubling (2.P). These can be combined to provide the scalar operation of a.G. In 1999, Don Johnson Alfred Menezes published a classic paper on “The Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm (ECDSA)”. It was based on the DSA (Digital Signature Algorithm) — created by David W. Kravitz in a patent which was assigned to the US. ECDSA is a digital signature method and requires a random nonce value (k), and which should never be reused or repeated. ECDSA is an elliptic curve conversion of the DSA signature method. Digital signatures are defined in FIPS (Federal Information Processing Standard) 186–5. NIST approved the Rijndael method (led by Joan Daemen and Vincent Rijmen) for Advanced Encryption Standard (AES). Other contenders included Serpent (led by Ross Anderson), TwoFish (led by Bruce Schneier), MARS (led by IBM), and RC6 (led by Ron Rivest). ChaCha20 is a stream cipher that is based on Salsa20 and developed by Daniel J. Bernstein. MD5 has a 128-bit hash, SHA-1 has 160 bits and SHA-256 has 256-bits. It is relatively easy to create a hash collision with MD5. Google showed that it was possible to create a signature collision for a document with SHA-1. It is highly unlikely to get a hash collision for SHA-256. In 2015, NIST defined SHA-3 as a standard, and which was built on the Keccak hashing family — and which used a different method to SHA-2. The Keccak hash family uses a sponge function and was created by Guido Bertoni, Joan Daemen, Michaël Peeters, and Gilles Van Assche and standardized by NIST in August 2015 as SHA-3. Hash functions such as MD5, SHA-1 and SHA-256 have a fixed hash length, whereas an eXtendable-Output Function (XOF) produces a bit string that can be of any length. Examples are SHAKE128, SHAKE256, BLAKE2XB and BLAKE2XS. BLAKE 3 is the fastest cryptographically secure hashing method and was created by Jack O'Connor, Jean-Philippe Aumasson, Samuel Neves, and Zooko Wilcox-O'Hearn. Hashing methods can be slowed down with a number of rounds. These slower hashing methods include Bcrypt, PBKDF2 and scrypt. Argon 2 uses methods to try and break GPU cracking, such as using a given amount of memory and defining the CPU utlization. To speed up the operation of the SHA-3 hash, the team reduced the security of the method and reduce the number of rounds. The result is the 12 Kangaroo's hashing method. The number of rounds was reduced from 24 to 12 (with a security level of around 128 bits). Integrated Encryption Scheme (IES) is a hybrid encryption scheme which allows Alice to get Bob's public key and then generate an encryption key based on this public key, and she will use her private key to recover the symmetric. With ECIES, we use elliptic curve methods for the public key part. A MAC (Message Authentication Code) uses a symmetric key to sign a hash, and where Bob and Alice share the same secret key. The most popular method is HMAC (hash-based message authentication code). The AES block cipher can be converted into a stream cipher using modes such as GCM (Galois Counter Mode) and CCM (counter with cipher block chaining message authentication code; counter with CBC-MAC). A MAC is added to a symmetric key method in order to stop the ciphertext from being attacked by flipping bits. GCM does not have a MAC, and is thus susceptible to this attack. CCM is more secure, as it contains a MAC. With symmetric key encryption, we must remove the encryption keys in the reverse order they were applied. Commutative encryption overcomes this by allowing the keys to be removed in any order. It is estimated that Bitcoin miners consume 17.05 GW of electrical power per day and 149.46 TWh per year. A KDF (Key Derivation Function) is used to convert a passphrase or secret into an encryption key. The most popular methods are HKDF, PBKDF2 and Bcrypt. RSA, ECC and Discrete Log methods will all be cracked by quantum computers using Shor's algorithm Lattice methods represent bit values as polynomial values, such as 1001 is x³+1 as a polynomial. Taher Elgamal — the sole inventor of the ElGamal encryption method — and Paul Koche were the creators of SSL, and developed it for the Netscape browser. David Chaum is considered as a founder of electronic payments and, in 1983, created ECASH, along with publishing a paper on “Blind signatures for untraceable payments”. Satoshi Nakamoto worked with Hal Finney on the first versions of Bitcoin, and which were created for a Microsoft Windows environment. Blockchains can either be permissioned (requiring rights to access the blockchain) or permissionless (open to anyone to use). Bitcoin and Ethereum are the two most popular permissionless blockchains, and Hyperledger is the most popular permissioned ledger. In 1992, Eric Hughes, Timothy May, and John Gilmore set up the cypherpunk movement and defined, “We the Cypherpunks are dedicated to building anonymous systems. We are defending our privacy with cryptography, with anonymous mail forwarding systems, with digital signatures, and with electronic money.” In Bitcoin and Ethereum, a private key (x) is converted to a public key with x.G, and where G is the base point on the secp256k1 curve. Ethereum was first conceived in 2013 by Vitalik Buterin, Gavin Wood, Charles Hoskinson, Anthony Di Iorio and Joseph Lubin. It introduced smaller blocks, improved proof of work, and smart contracts. NI-ZKPs involves a prover (Peggy), a verifier (Victor) and a witness (Wendy) and were first defined by Manuel Blum, Paul Feldman, and Silvio Micali in their paper entitled “Non-interactive zero-knowledge and its applications”. Popular ZKP methods include ZK-SNARKs (Zero-Knowledge Succinct Non-Interactive Argument of Knowledge) and ZK-STARKs (Zero-Knowledge Scalable Transparent Argument of Knowledge). Bitcoin and Ethereum are pseudo-anonymised, and where the sender and recipient of a transaction, and its value, can be traced. Privacy coins enable anonymous transactions. These include Zcash and Monero. In 1992, David Chaum and Torben Pryds Pedersen published “Wallet databases with observers,” and outlined a method of shielding the details of a monetary transaction. In 1992, Adi Shamir (the “S” in RSA) published a paper on “How to share a secret” in the Communications of the ACM. This supported the splitting of a secret into a number of shares (n) and where a threshold value (t) could be defined for the minimum number of shares that need to be brought back together to reveal the secret. These are known as Shamir Secret Shares (SSS). In 1991, Torbin P Pedersen published a paper entitled “Non-interactive and information-theoretic secure verifiable secret sharing” — and which is now known as Pedersen Commitment. This is where we produce our commitment and then show the message that matches the commitment. Distributed Key Generation (DKG) methods allow a private key to be shared by a number of trusted nodes. These nodes can then sign for a part of the ECDSA signature by producing a partial signature with these shares of the key. Not all blockchains use ECDSA. The IOTA blockchain uses the EdDSA signature, and which uses Curve 25519. This is a more lightweight signature version and has better support for signature aggregation. It uses Twisted Edwards Curves. The core signing method used in EdDSA is based on the Schnorr signature scheme and which was created by Claus Schnorr in 1989. This was patented as a “Method for identifying subscribers and for generating and verifying electronic signatures in a data exchange system”. The patent ran out in 2008. Curve 25519 uses the prime number of 2²⁵⁵-19 and was created by Daniel J. Bernstein. Peter Shor defined that elliptic curve methods can be broken with quantum computers. To overcome the cracking of the ECDSA signature from quantum computers, NIST are standardising a number of methods. At present, this focuses on CRYSTALS-Dilithium, and which is a lattice cryptography method. Bulletproofs were created in 2017 by Stanford's Applied Cryptography Group (ACG). They define a zero-knowledge proof as where a value can be checked to see it lies within a given range. The name “bulletproofs” is defined as they are short, like a bullet, and with bulletproof security assumptions. Homomorphic encryption methods allow for the processing of encrypted values using arithmetic operations. A public key is used to encrypt the data, and which can then be processed using an arithmetic circuit on the encrypted data. The owner of the associated private key can then decrypt the result. Some traditional public key methods enable partial homomorphic encryption. RSA and ElGamal allow for multiplication and division, whilst Pailier allows for homomorphic addition and subtraction. Full homomorphic encryption (FHE) supports all of the arithmetic operations and includes Fan-Vercauteren (FV) and BFV (Brakerski/Fan-Vercauteren) for integer operations and HEAAN (Homomorphic Encryption for Arithmetic of Approximate Numbers) for floating point operations. Most of the Full Homomorphic encryption methods use lattice cryptography. Some blockchain applications use Barreto-Lynn-Scott (BLS) curves which are pairing-friendly. They can be used to implement Bilinear groups and which are a triplet of groups (G1, G2 and GT), so that we can implement a function e() such that e(g1^x,g2^y)=gT^{xy}. Pairing-based cryptography is used in ZKPs. The main BLS curves used are BLS12–381, BLS12–446, BLS12–455, BLS12–638 and BLS24–477. An accumulator can be used for zero-knowledge proof of knowledge, such as using a BLS curve to create to add and remove proof of knowledge. Metamask is one of the most widely used blockchain wallets and can integrate into many blockchains. Most wallets generate the seed from the operating system and where the browser can use the Crypto.getRandomValues function, and compatible with most browsers. With a Verifiable Delay Function (VDF), we can prove that a given amount of work has been done by a prover (Peggy). A verifier (Victor) can then send the prover a proof value and compute a result which verifies the work has been done, with the verifier not needing to do the work but can still prove the work has been done. A Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) is a one-way function which creates a unique signature pattern based on the inherent delays within the wires and transistors. This can be used to link a device to an NFT.

I used GPT4 to ask Satoshi Nakamoto all the questions you have ever wanted to ask, like why 21 mio, who inspired him, what will happen when all the coins will be mined and much more. Discover for yourself the answers I got from Chat GPT 4. Occasionally when I thought the answer was to obvious or superficiel, I asked the question again. At one point I ask if he had ever worked with Len Sassaman. Len Sassaman is a potential candidate to be Satoshi. He was a brillant cryptographer, who commited suicide only 2 months after satoshi sent a final communicationI've moved on to other things and probably won't be around in the future.to cite a brilland article in Medium by Evan HatchLen Sassamandevoted his life to defending personal freedoms through cryptography, working as a developer on PGP encryption and open-source privacy technology, as well as an academic cryptographer researching P2P networks under blockchain inventor David Chaum.He was also a pillar of the hacker community: a friend and influence to so many of the important figures in the history of infosec and cryptocurrency.Furthermore we think, by the time stamps of some of Satoshis messages, that at one point he was in europe. At that time Len Sassaman was working in Belgium, with David Chaum. I have included a link to the article in the show notes.Enjoy, and remember it is just an AI answering you. You will judge for yourself the quality of the responses.Link to articlehttps://evanhatch.medium.com/len-sassaman-and-satoshi-e483c85c2b10Support the showBecome a subscriber and help support this podcast with fiat currency, credit card or Apple Payhttps://www.buzzsprout.com/2058047/supporters/newIf you want to contribute to the podcast, you can listen to the episode in a lightning enabled podcast player and stream sats or send as a 1 off. Download the Fountain app and donate sats or look up the Breez app, show your support by sending sats- the cool way! insert this into a Lightning wallettheswissroadtocrypto@fountain.fmtheswissroadtocryptogetalby.com subscribe to newsletter https://didierborel.substack.com/subscribe?visit website https://www.theswissroadtocrypto.com/recommend on Twitter @SwissRoadCrypto

So, here's my Top 100 snippets of knowledge for blockchain: Blockchains use public key methods to integrate digital trust. Bob signs for a transaction with his private key, and Alice proves this with Bob's public key. The first usable public key method was RSA — and created by Rivest, Shamir and Adleman. It was first published in 1979 and defined in the RSA patent entitled “Cryptographic Communications System and Method”. Blockchains can either be permissioned (requiring rights to access the blockchain) or permissionless (open to anyone to use). Bitcoin and Ethereum are the two most popular permissionless blockchains, and Hyperledger is the most popular permissioned ledger. Ralph Merkle — the boy genius — submitted a patent on 5 Sept 1979 and which outlined the Merkle hash. This is used to create a block hash. Ralph Merkle's PhD supervisor was Martin Hellman (famous as the co-creator of the Diffie-Hellman method). David Chaum is considered as founders of electronic payments, and, in 1983, created ECASH, along with publishing a paper on “Blind signatures for untraceable payments”. Miners gather transactions on a regular basis, and these are added to a block and where each block has a Merkle hash. The first block on a blockchain does not have any previous blocks — and is named the genesis block. Blocks are bound in a chain, and where the previous, current and next block hashes are bound into the block. This makes the transactions in the block immutable. Satoshi Nakamoto worked with Hal Finney on the first versions of Bitcoin, and which were created for a Microsoft Windows environment. Craig Steven Wright has claimed that he is Satoshi Nakamoto, but this claim has never been verified. Most blockchains use elliptic curve cryptography — a method which was created independently by Neal Koblitz and Victor S. Miller in 1985. Elliptic curve cryptography algorithms did not take off until 2004. Satoshi selected the secp256k1 curve for Bitcoin, and which gives the equivalent of 128-bit security. The secp256k1 curve uses the mapping of y²=x³ + 7 (mod p), and is known as a Short Weierstrass (“Vier-strass”) curve. The prime number used with secp256k1 is ²²⁵⁶−²³²−²⁹−²⁸−²⁷−²⁶−²⁴−1. Satoshi published a 9-page paper entitled “Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System” White Paper on 31 Oct 31, 2008. In 1997, Adam Black introduce the concept of Proof of Work of Hashcash in a paper entitled, “Hashcash — a denial of service countermeasure.” This work was used by Satoshi in his whitepaper. Satoshi focused on: a decentralized system, and a consensus model and addressed areas of double-spend, Sybil attacks and Eve-in-the-middle. The Sybil attack is where an adversary can take over the general consensus of a network — and leads to a 51% attack, and where the adversary manages to control 51% or more of the consensus infrastructure. Satoshi used UK spelling in his correspondence, such as using the spelling of “honour”. The first Bitcoin block was minted on 3 Jan 2009 and contained a message of “Chancellor on brink of second bailout for banks” (the headline from The Times, as published in London on that day). On 12 Jan 2009, Satoshi sent the first Bitcoin transaction of 50 BTC to Hal Finney [here]. A new block is created every 7–10 minutes on Bitcoin. In Aug 2023, the total Bitcoin blockchain size is 502 GB. As of Aug 2023, the top three cryptocurrencies are Bitcoin, Ether, and Tether. Bitcoin has a capitalization of $512 billion, Ether with $222 billion, and Tether at $83 billion. The total cryptocurrency capitalisation is $1.17 trillion. The original block size was 1MB for Bitcoin, but recently upgraded to support a 1.5MB block — and has around 3,000 transactions. Currently the block sizes are more than 1.7MB. Bitcoin uses a gossip protocol — named the Lightning Protocol — to propagate transactions. A Bitcoin wallet is created from a random seed value. This seed value is then used to create the 256-bit secp256k1 private key. A wallet seed can be converted into a mnemonic format using BIP39, and which uses 12 common words. This is a deterministic key, and which allows the regeneration of the original key in the correct form. BIP39 allows for the conversion of the key to a number of languages, including English, French and Italian. A private key in a wallet is stored in a Wif format, and which is a Base58 version of the 256-bit private key. The main source code for the Bitcoin blockchain is held at https://github.com/bitcoin, and is known as Bitcoin core. This is used to create nodes, store coins, and transactions with other nodes on the Bitcoin network. A 256-bit private key has 115,792 billion billion billion billion billion billion billion billion different keys. A public Bitcoin ID uses Base58 and has a limited character set of ‘123456789ABCDEFGHJKLMN PQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijkmno pqrstuvwxyz', where we delete ‘0' (zero), ‘l' (lowercase ‘l'), and ‘I' (capital I) — as this can be interpreted as another character. In Bitcoin and Ethereum, a private key (x) is converted to a public key with x.G, and where G is the base point on the secp256k1 curve. An uncompressed secp256k1 public key has 512 bits and is an (x,y) point on the curve. The point starts with a “04”. A compressed secp256k1 public key only stores the x-co-ordinate value and whether the y coordinate is odd or even. It starts with a “02” if the y-co-ordinate is even, otherwise it starts with a “03”. In 1992, Eric Hughes, Timothy May, and John Gilmore set up the cypherpunk movement and defined, “We the Cypherpunks are dedicated to building anonymous systems. We are defending our privacy with cryptography, with anonymous mail forwarding systems, with digital signatures, and with electronic money.” In Ethereum, the public key is used as the identity of a user (a.G), and is defined as a hexademical value. In Bitcoin, the public ID is created from a SHA256 hash of the public key, and then a RIPEMD160 of this, and then covered to Base58. In computing the public key in ECC of a.G, we use the Montgomery multiplication method and which was created by Peter Montgomery in 1985, in a paper entitled, “Modular Multiplication without Trial Division.” Elliptic Curve methods use two basic operations: point address (P+G) and point doubling (2.P). These can be combined to provide the scalar operation of a.G. In 1999, Don Johnson Alfred Menezes published a classic paper on “The Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm (ECDSA)”. It was based on the DSA (Digital Signature Algorithm) — created by David W. Kravitz in a patent which was assigned to the US. The core signature used in Bitcoin and Ethereum is ECDSA (Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm), and which uses a random nonce for each signature. The nonce value should never repeat or be revealed. Ethereum was first conceived in 2013 by Vitalik Buterin, Gavin Wood, Charles Hoskinson, Anthony Di Iorio and Joseph Lubin. It introduced smaller blocks, an improved proof of work, and smart contracts. Bitcoin is seen as a first-generation blockchain, and Ethereum as a second-generation. These have been followed by third-generation blockchains, such as IOTA, Cardano and Polkadot — and which have improved consensus mechanisms. Bitcoin uses a consensus mechanism which is based on Proof-of-Work, and where miners focus on finding a block hash that has a number of leading “0”s. The difficulty of the mining is defined by the hashing rate. At the current time, this is around 424 million TH/s. There are around 733,000 unique Bitcoin addresses being used. Satoshi defined a reward to miners for finding the required hash. This was initially set at 50 BTC, but was set to half at regular intervals. On 11 January 2021, it dropped from 12.5 BTC to 6.2 BTC. Bitcoin currently consumes around 16.27 GWatts of power each year to produce a consensus — equivalent to the power consumed by a small country. In creating bitcoins, Satoshi created a P2PKH (Pay to Public Key Hash) address. These addresses are used to identify the wallet to be paid and links to the public key of the owner. These addresses start with a ‘1'. In order to support the sending of bitcoins to and from multiple addresses, Bitcoin was upgraded with SegWit (defined in BIP141). The wallet address then integrates the pay-to-witness public key hash (Pay to script hash — P2SH). These addresses start with a ‘3'. Ethereum uses miners to undertake work for changing a state and running a smart contract. They are paid in “gas” or Ether and which relates to the amount of computation conducted. This limits denial of service attacks on the network and focuses developers on creating efficient code. Ethereum supports the creation of cryptocurrency assets with ERC20 tokens — and which are FT (Fungible Tokens). For normal crypto tokens (ERC-20) we use, there is a finite number of these, and each of these is the same. Ethereum creates NFTs (Non-Fungible Tokens) with ERC721 tokens. We mint these each time and each is unique. Solidity is the programming language used in Ethereum, while Hyperledger can use Golang, Node.js and Java. For Ethereum, we compile Solidity code into EVM (Ethereum Virtual Machine) code. This is executed on the blockchain. Blockchain uses the SHA-256 hash for transaction integrity. Ethereum uses the Keccak hash is used to define the integrity of a transaction. This is based on SHA-3, and differs slightly from Keccak. The Keccak hash family uses a sponge function and was created by Guido Bertoni, Joan Daemen, Michaël Peeters, and Gilles Van Assche, and standardized by NIST in August 2015 as SHA-3. The DAO is a decentralized autonomous organization (DAO) for the Ethereum blockchain and was launched in 2016. In 2016, DAO raised $150 million through a token sale but was hacked and funds were stolen. This resulted in a forking of the blockchain: Ethereum and Ethereum Classic. Non-interactive Zero Knowledge Proofs (NI-ZKP) allow an entity to prove that they have knowledge of something — without revealing it. A typical secret is the ownership of a private key. NI-ZKPs involve a prover (Peggy), a verifier (Victor) and a witness (Wendy) and were first defined by Manuel Blum, Paul Feldman, and Silvio Micali in their paper entitled, “Non-interactive zero-knowledge and its applications”. Popular ZKP methods include ZK-SNARKs (Zero-Knowledge Succinct Non-Interactive Argument of Knowledge) and ZK-STARKs (Zero-Knowledge Scalable Transparent Argument of Knowledge). Bitcoin and Ethereum are pseudo-anonymised, and where the sender and recipient of a transaction, and its value, can be traced. Privacy coins enable anonymous transactions. These include Zcash and Monero. In 1992, David Chaum and Torben Pryds Pedersen published “Wallet databases with observers,” and outlined a method of shielding the details of a monetary transaction. In 1992, Adi Shamir (the “S” in RSA) published a paper on “How to share a secret” in the Communications of the ACM. This supported the splitting of a secret into a number of shares (n) and where a threshold value (t) could be defined for the minimum number of shares that need to be brought back together to reveal the secret. These are known as Shamir Secret Shares (SSS). In 1991, Torbin P Pedersen published a paper entitled “Non-interactive and information-theoretic secure verifiable secret sharing” — and which is now known as Pedersen Commitment. This is where we produce our commitment and then show the message that matches the commitment. Distributed Key Generation (DKG) methods allow a private key to be shared by a number of trusted nodes. These nodes can then sign for a part of the ECDSA signature by producing a partial signature with these shares of the key. Not all blockchains use ECDSA. The IOTA blockchain uses the EdDSA signature, and which uses Curve 25519. This is a more lightweight signature version, and has better support for signature aggregation. It uses Twisted Edwards Curves. The core signing method used in EdDSA is based on the Schnorr signature scheme and which was created by Claus Schnorr in 1989. This was patented as, a “Method for identifying subscribers and for generating and verifying electronic signatures in a data exchange system”. The patent ran out in 2008. Curve 25519 uses the prime number of ²²⁵⁵-19 and was created by Daniel J. Bernstein. Peter Shor defined that elliptic curve methods can be broken with quantum computers. To overcome the cracking of the ECDSA signature from quantum computers, NIST are standardising a number of methods. At present, this focuses on CRYSTALS-Dilithium, and which is a lattice cryptography method. Bulletproofs were created in 2017 by Stanford's Applied Cryptography Group (ACG). They define a zero-knowledge proof as where a value can be checked to see it lies within a given range. The name of “bulletproofs” is defined as they are short, like a bullet, and with bulletproof security assumptions. While Bitcoin can take up to 7–10 minutes to mine a new block and create a consensus, newer blockchains, such as IOTA, can give an almost instantaneous consensus. Banks around the world are investigating CBDC (Central Bank Digital Currency) and which is not a cryptocurrency but a way to quickly define a consensus on a transaction. Homomorphic encryption methods allow for the processing of encrypted values using arithmetic operations. A public key is used to encrypt the data, and which can then be processed using an arithmetic circuit on the encrypted data. The owner of the associated private key can then decrypt the result. Some traditional public key methods enable partial homomorphic encryption. RSA and ElGamal allow for multiplication and division, whilst Pailier allows for homomorphic addition and subtraction. Full homomorphic encryption (FHE) supports all of the arithmetic operations and includes Fan-Vercauteren (FV) and BFV (Brakerski/Fan-Vercauteren) for integer operations and HEAAN (Homomorphic Encryption for Arithmetic of Approximate Numbers) for floating point operations. Most of the Full Homomorphic encryption methods use lattice cryptography. Some blockchain applications use Barreto-Lynn-Scott (BLS) curves which are pairing friendly. They can be used to implement Bilinear groups and which are a triplet of groups (G1, G2 and GT), so that we can implement a function e() such that e(g1^x,g2^y)=gT^{xy}. Pairing-based cryptography is used in ZKPs. The main BLS curves used are BLS12–381, BLS12–446, BLS12–455, BLS12–638 and BLS24–477. An accumulator can be used for zero-knowledge proof of knowledge, such as using a BLS curve to create to add and remove proof of knowledge. Open Zeppelin is an open-source Solidity library that supports a wide range of functions that integrate into smart contracts in Ethereum. This includes AES encryption, Base64 integration and Elliptic Curve operations. Metamask is one of the most widely used blockchain wallets and can integrate into many blockchains. Most wallets generate the seed from the operating system and where the browser can use the Crypto.getRandomValues function, and compatible with most browsers. Solidity programs can be compiled with Remix at remix.ethereum.org. The main Ethereum network is Ethereum Mainnet. We can test smart contracts on Ethereum test networks. Current networks include sepolia.etherscan.io and goerli.net. Ether can be mined for test applications from a faucet, such as faucet.metamask.io. This normally requires some proof of work to gain the Ether — in order to protect against a Denial of Service against the Faucet. The private key can be revealed from two ECDSA signatures which use the same random nonce value. Polkadot is a blockchain which allows blockchains to exchange messages and perform transactions. The proof of work method of creating is now not preference because of the energy that it typically uses. Many systems now focus on proof of stack (PoS). A time-lock puzzle/Proof of Work involves performing a computing task which has a given cost and which cannot be cheated again. This typically involves continual hashing or continual squaring. The Chia blockchain network uses both Proof of Space (PoS) and Proof of Time (PoT). The PoS method makes use of the under-allocation of hard-disk space. With a Verifiable Delay Function (VDF), we can prove that a given amount of work has been done by a prover (Peggy). A verifier (Victor) can then send the prover a proof value and compute a result which verifies the work has been done, with the verifier not needing to do the work but can still prove the work has been done. A Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) is a one-way function which creates a unique signature pattern based on the inherent delays within the wireless and transistors. This can be used to link a device to an NFT. In Blockchain applications, we can use Non-interactive zero-knowledge (NIZK) proofs for the equality (EQ) of discrete logarithms (DL) — DLEQ. With this — in discrete logarithms — we have

I used GPT4 to ask Satoshi Nakamoto all the questions you have ever wanted to ask, like why 21 mio, who inspired him, what will happen when all the coins will be mined and much more. Discover for yourself the answers I got from Chat GPT 4. Occasionally when I thought the answer was to obvious or superficiel, I asked the question again. At one point I ask if he had ever worked with Len Sassaman. Len Sassaman is a potential candidate to be Satoshi. He was a brillant cryptographer, who commited suicide only 2 months after satoshi sent a final communicationI've moved on to other things and probably won't be around in the future.to cite a brilland article in Medium by Evan HatchLen Sassamandevoted his life to defending personal freedoms through cryptography, working as a developer on PGP encryption and open-source privacy technology, as well as an academic cryptographer researching P2P networks under blockchain inventor David Chaum.He was also a pillar of the hacker community: a friend and influence to so many of the important figures in the history of infosec and cryptocurrency.Furthermore we think, by the time stamps of some of Satoshis messages, that at one point he was in europe. At that time Len Sassaman was working in Belgium, with David Chaum. I have included a link to the article in the show notes.Enjoy, and remember it is just an AI answering you. You will judge for yourself the quality of the responses.Link to articlehttps://evanhatch.medium.com/len-sassaman-and-satoshi-e483c85c2b10Support the showBecome a subscriber and help support this podcast with fiat currency, credit card or Apple Payhttps://www.buzzsprout.com/2058047/supporters/newIf you want to contribute to the podcast, you can listen to the episode in a lightning enabled podcast player and stream sats or send as a 1 off. Download the Fountain app and donate sats or look up the Breez app, show your support by sending sats- the cool way! insert this into a Lightning wallettheswissroadtocrypto@fountain.fmtheswissroadtocryptogetalby.com subscribe to newsletter https://didierborel.substack.com/subscribe?visit website https://www.theswissroadtocrypto.com/recommend on Twitter @SwissRoadCrypto

Calle is a Bitcoin and Lightning developer contributing to LNBits and the Cashu ecash system. In this interview, we discuss Cashu's mission and development, undertake a live demonstration of it in action, the importance of privacy, removing ideology from Bitcoin, and the future of AI and robots. - - - - “By providing a high degree of privacy in payments, cash helps to slow the growing information asymmetry between consumers and companies… between citizens and public authorities… privacy is crucial for individuals to safeguard their position when dealing with organisations which are more powerful than a single person.” Not the words of an anarcho-capitalist, but a prominent Deutsche Bank economist from 2019. It is a truism that privacy is the bedrock of democracy. The problem is we're sleepwalking into a cashless society where digital payments are tracked, recorded and stored. You can learn everything about someone through their transactions. Privacy in other areas means nothing in this environment. The issue has been how to replicate the utility of cash in the digital world. David Chaum solved this problem in 1982: his dissertation “Computer Systems Established, Maintained and Trusted By Mutually Suspicious Groups” was the original blueprint for blockchains (excluding the proof of work consensus mechanism). His company Digicash launched ecash in 1995, predicated on Chaum's blind signature innovation. For various reasons, ecash did not take root. Until now. Amongst a small number of initiatives aiming to revive ecash under the Bitcoin umbrella, is Cashu, which allows for private ecash payments over the Lightning Network. It is essentially digital cash, backed by Bitcoin. It requires no accounts or personal information, and everyone involved in the system is blind to other users' transactions. There are tradeoffs: it's a custodial system where sats are deposited in ‘mints' to create ecash. The creator Calle, a respected Bitcoin and Lightning Network developer, is working on technical solutions to overcome concerns. Even so, given how well the test version of Cashu is working, Cashu could be the go-to digital cash feature we're all using very soon, and the feature that enables the next cycle of adoption.

“This was the reason why I think ecash is coming back now: because it needed Bitcoin. Ecash is almost worth nothing if you don't have a free sovereign monetary layer below it… and we found the base money of the internet.”— CalleCalle is a Bitcoin and Lightning developer contributing to LNBits and the Cashu ecash system. In this interview, we discuss Cashu's mission and development, undertake a live demonstration of it in action, the importance of privacy, removing ideology from Bitcoin, and the future of AI and robots. - - - - “By providing a high degree of privacy in payments, cash helps to slow the growing information asymmetry between consumers and companies… between citizens and public authorities… privacy is crucial for individuals to safeguard their position when dealing with organisations which are more powerful than a single person.” Not the words of an anarcho-capitalist, but a prominent Deutsche Bank economist from 2019. It is a truism that privacy is the bedrock of democracy. The problem is we're sleepwalking into a cashless society where digital payments are tracked, recorded and stored. You can learn everything about someone through their transactions. Privacy in other areas means nothing in this environment. The issue has been how to replicate the utility of cash in the digital world.David Chaum solved this problem in 1982: his dissertation “Computer Systems Established, Maintained and Trusted By Mutually Suspicious Groups” was the original blueprint for blockchains (excluding the proof of work consensus mechanism). His company Digicash launched ecash in 1995, predicated on Chaum's blind signature innovation. For various reasons, ecash did not take root. Until now.Amongst a small number of initiatives aiming to revive ecash under the Bitcoin umbrella, is Cashu, which allows for private ecash payments over the Lightning Network. It is essentially digital cash, backed by Bitcoin. It requires no accounts or personal information, and everyone involved in the system is blind to other users' transactions. There are tradeoffs: it's a custodial system where sats are deposited in ‘mints' to create ecash. The creator Calle, a respected Bitcoin and Lightning Network developer, is working on technical solutions to overcome concerns. Even so, given how well the test version of Cashu is working, Cashu could be the go-to digital cash feature we're all using very soon, and the feature that enables the next cycle of adoption. - - - - This episode's sponsors:Iris Energy - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably Gemini - Buy Bitcoin instantlyLedn - Financial services for Bitcoin hodlersBitcasino - The Future of Gaming is hereLedger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware walletWasabi Wallet - Privacy by default-----WBD647 - Show Notes-----If you enjoy The What Bitcoin Did Podcast you can help support the show by doing the following:Become a Patron and get access to shows early or help contributeMake a tip:Bitcoin: 3FiC6w7eb3dkcaNHMAnj39ANTAkv8Ufi2SQR Codes: BitcoinIf you do send a tip then please email me so that I can say thank youSubscribe on iTunes | Spotify | Stitcher | SoundCloud | YouTube | Deezer | TuneIn | RSS FeedLeave a review on iTunesShare the show and episodes with your friends and familySubscribe to the newsletter on my websiteFollow me on Twitter Personal | Twitter Podcast | Instagram | Medium | YouTubeIf you are interested in sponsoring the show, you can read more about that here or please feel free to drop me an email to discuss options.

Cavaleri is a member of the Board of Directors of CleanSpark, a publicly traded Bitcoin mining company, and CEO of DRE. She is also the Managing Director of APRÉS TECH, a Bitcoin advisory firm and host of the Bitcoin Ski Summit. She is also the Board Chair of the Bitcoin Today Coalition, a nonprofit (c)(4) focused on Bitcoin and Bitcoin mining education in the Capital.   Cavaleri's entrepreneurial work resides at the intersection of emerging technology and wisdom. She has worked alongside world-renowned technology pioneers, Dr. David Chaum (founder of DigiCash & cryptographer) and Dr. Marc Fleury (professionalized open-source via JBoss). Cavaleri received her Master of Science in Technology Commercialization from the University of Texas at Austin's McCombs School of Business. Follow Amanda on Twitter https://twitter.com/amanda_cavaleri Partners: Coin Stories is powered by Swan Bitcoin the best way to build your Bitcoin stack with automated Bitcoin savings plans and instant purchases. Swan serves clients of any size, from $10 to $10M+. Visit https://www.swanbitcoin.com/nataliebrunell for $10 in Bitcoin when you sign up. If you are planning to buy more than $100,000 of Bitcoin over the next year, the Swan Private team can help.  BITCOIN 2023 by Bitcoin Magazine will be the biggest Bitcoin event in history May 18-20 in Miami Beach. Speakers include Michael Saylor, Lyn Alden and Michelle Phan, plus a Day 3 music festival. Nearly 30,000 people attended Bitcoin 2022. Get an early bird pass at a steep discount at https://b.tc/conference code HODL for 10% off your pass.   Fold is the best Bitcoin rewards debit card and shopping app in the world! Earn Bitcoin on everything you purchase with Fold's Bitcoin cash back debit card, and spin the Daily Wheel to earn free Bitcoin. Head to https://www.foldapp.com/natalie for 5,000 in free sats!  Health insurance needs an overhaul. The government and insurance companies have jacked the price, increased complexity, and made insurance almost unusable. You send your money to the health insurance black hole and never see it again. Then, when you get hurt you have to send them more money. The great news is now you have an alternative: CrowdHealth. It's totally different from insurance. Instead of sending your hard earned money to an insurance company, you hold your money in an account CrowdHealth helps you set up when you join. You can even convert dollars in that account into Bitcoin. When someone in the community has a health need, you help them out directly and if there is Bitcoin or $ left over in your account when you leave, you take it with you. https://www.joincrowdhealth.com/natalie    With iTrustCapital you can invest in crypto without worrying about taxes or fees, through an individual retirement account. IRAs are tax-sheltered accounts, which means all your crypto trading is tax-free and can even grow tax-free over time. The best part is it's totally free to open an account, and there are no hidden fees, monthly subscriptions or membership fees. Your account is FDIC insured up to $250,000. Get a $100 funding bonus if you open and fund an account. Go to https://itrust.capital/nataliebrunell to learn more and open a free account.   OTHER RESOURCES  Natalie's website https://talkingbitcoin.com/   VALUE FOR VALUE — SUPPORT NATALIE'S SHOWS Strike ID https://strike.me/coinstoriesnat/  Cash App $CoinStories  BTC wallet bc1ql8dqjp46s4eq9k3lxt0lxzh6f2wcu35cl6944d   FOLLOW NATALIE ON SOCIAL MEDIA Twitter https://twitter.com/natbrunell Instagram https://www.instagram.com/nataliebrunell Linkedin https://www.linkedin.com/in/nataliebrunell   Producer: Aron Bender https://www.linkedin.com/in/aron-bender/    DISCLAIMER This show is for entertainment purposes only and does not give financial advice. Before making any decisions consult a professional. #bitcoin #cryptocurrency #money

Basic level explanation on CBDC, some of the points covered are below Contact information: info@blockchaindxb.com Website: www.blockchaindxb.com To help support his channel: ⚡ Buy me Coffee ☕ Link here https://www.buymeacoffee.com/info36/w/6987 Link here https://www.buymeacoffee.com/info36 ⚡Leder Wallet! Link https://shop.ledger.com?r=ae54df359c4d ⚡ Bitcoin address: 02ddf96964b352b75dd660a56a5162bf9e76e549e31263b88ed93015e635771795 ⚡ Cardano address:addr1qxwu4h9uw4ptc6jp4zzhvckcjua7nda9u5fkvmdfrge00n3dpznq9000nxdcvklpdtw320zku7eeju483l2pg6gtw3eqp8e4q6 #blockchain #blockchaindxb #dogecointothemoon #blockchain #blockchaindxb #dogecoin #blockchain #blockchaindxb #dogecoin

Este podcast es un viaje a la historia criptográfica del cash electronico en la que encontramos los origenes de Bitcoin. El viaje está provocado por la aparición del desarrollo de Fedimint de Eric Sirion en 2021, pero rápidamente viajamos al origen de la historia en 1982 con David Chaum, volvemos a los Fedimint de Eric Sirion y terminamos con la revolución Cashu de CalleBTC en septiembre de 2022 Un podcast documental con la participación de Alfre Mancera, Eric Sirion y CalleBTC. Escúchame en Fountain aquí https://bit.ly/Fountain_Lunaticoin Más información en mi BLOG https://bit.ly/LunaticoinBLOG Twitter: https://twitter.com/lunaticoin Contenido adicional en mi Patreon https://bit.ly/Patreon_Luna Mención especial a los sponsors de este podcast: Compra bitcoin sin KYC en HodlHodl: https://bit.ly/hodlhodl-luna Cómo comprar en HodlHodl: https://bit.ly/ComoComprarHodlHodl Infórmate sobre Minería en Braiins: https://bit.ly/Braiins_Luna Vive con cripto en Bitrefill: https://bit.ly/Bitrefill_Luna Toma prestado con bitcoin en http://bit.ly/Lend_Lunaticoin Consigue tu entrada para Adopting Bitcoin con un 21% de descuento utilizando el código LUNATICOIN LINKS: Alfre Mancera: https://twitter.com/alfremancera Eric Sirion: https://twitter.com/EricSirion CalleBTC: https://twitter.com/callebtc Web de David Chaum: https://chaum.com/ Web de Alfre: https://alfre.info/ Canal de Alfre para todo lo relacionado con Cypherpunks: https://www.youtube.com/AlfreMancera13 Artículo en EB de Alfre Mancera sobre DigiCash: https://bit.ly/EB_DigiCash Artículo de eCash en mi blog y Patreon: https://bit.ly/L163_eCash_blog Github Fedimint: https://github.com/fedimint Web Fedimints: https://fedimint.org/ Twitter Fedimint: https://twitter.com/fedimint Github Cashu: https://github.com/callebtc/cashu Twitter CashuBTC: https://twitter.com/CashuBTC Para instalar Cashu, abrir un terminal y "pip install cashu" SECCIONES: 04:46 Intro a Fedimints 07:52 DAVID CHAUM por Alfre Mancera 12:03 ECASH 14:56 Fimas Ciegas - Blind Signatures 19:43 Funcionamiento eCash 25:35 El legado de Chaum 27:14 FEDIMINT 30:26 Casos de uso 36:15 Funcionamiento 50:54 Conclusiones 01:01:10 CASHU 01:08:11 ENTREVISTA CALLEBTC

Dominik und Jochen unterhalten sich diesmal mit Simon über ein Thema, das oft eher kontrovers diskutiert wird: Cryptocurrencies, BitCoin, BlockChain, Smart Contracts und so weiter. Auf der Kontra-Seite kommen da üblicherweise moralische Einwände, während von der Pro-Seite oft eher unmoralische Angebote kommen

“Most of the solutions that I've seen around custody take us from A to B to C, so they're better custody, they improve upon where we are. But what we did is look at what does the world look like when everybody's using Bitcoin, when there are billions of people using Bitcoin.”— Obi NwosuObi Nwosu is a co-founder of Fedimint and a board member for Jack Dorsey's and Jay-Z's ₿trust. In this interview, we discuss how Fedimint builds upon various innovations to create community Bitcoin banks, with the aim of fully realising Bitcoin's potential to bank the unbanked. - - - - In 2018, Bitcoin Magazine asked Andreas Antonopoulos to reflect on 10 years of Bitcoin. He remarked that not everybody needs Bitcoin; “the real impact of this technology is on the other 6 billion: the unbanked, the underbanked, the politically oppressed.” Whilst Bitcoin has the utility to help those living outside of the financial system, in its current form it still lacks the functionality and scalability to adopt the majority of people who, as Andreas stated, really need it. Bitcoin has multiple constraints, but a principal issue is expecting the unbanked to be able to self-custody. The answer to this problem lay in work undertaken by one of the original cypherpunks. In 1989 David Chaum created Digicash. Despite the venture eventually failing, decades later it helped pave the way for Bitcoin, and, now it is the basis for Fedimint. Chaum's innovation was to create blind mints: digital banks where communities can deposit and utilise digital dollars, and where the custodians have no access to any of the user data. But it was a chance meeting between Obi Nwosu and Eric Sirion at a hackers congress in Prague last year that dusted off Chaum's work and give it new life, with the aim of opening up Bitcoin to the masses. As a result, Fedimint was born in 2021. It attracted the sponsorship of Blockstream. Fedimint operates outside of the Bitcoin blockchain, and the idea is that the custody will be managed by trusted members of a community. Custodial risk is reduced through the ability to have such mints federated, where the operation operates as a multi-sig. Obi believes that after the provision of decentralised censorship-resistant money and payments, Fedimint is the third pillar of Bitcoin. It offers the real opportunity to scale Bitcoin into a global currency.- - - - This episode's sponsors:Gemini - Buy Bitcoin instantlyLedn - Financial services for Bitcoin hodlersBitcasino - The Future of Gaming is herePacific Bitcoin - Bitcoin‑only event, Nov 10 & 11, 2022Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware walletWasabi Wallet - Privacy by defaultTexas Blockchain Summit - Nov 17-18, 2022 | Austin, TexasBCB Group - Global digital financial Services-----WBD551 - Show Notes-----If you enjoy The What Bitcoin Did Podcast you can help support the show by doing the following:Become a Patron and get access to shows early or help contributeMake a tip:Bitcoin: 3FiC6w7eb3dkcaNHMAnj39ANTAkv8Ufi2SQR Codes: BitcoinIf you do send a tip then please email me so that I can say thank youSubscribe on iTunes | Spotify | Stitcher | SoundCloud | YouTube | Deezer | TuneIn | RSS FeedLeave a review on iTunesShare the show and episodes with your friends and familySubscribe to the newsletter on my websiteFollow me on Twitter Personal | Twitter Podcast | Instagram | Medium | YouTubeIf you are interested in sponsoring the show, you can read more about that here or please feel free to drop me an email to discuss options.

Obi Nwosu is a co-founder of Fedimint and a board member for Jack Dorsey's and Jay-Z's ₿trust. In this interview, we discuss how Fedimint builds upon various innovations to create community Bitcoin banks, with the aim of fully realising Bitcoin's potential to bank the unbanked. - - - - In 2018, Bitcoin Magazine asked Andreas Antonopoulos to reflect on 10 years of Bitcoin. He remarked that not everybody needs Bitcoin; “the real impact of this technology is on the other 6 billion: the unbanked, the underbanked, the politically oppressed.” Whilst Bitcoin has the utility to help those living outside of the financial system, in its current form it still lacks the functionality and scalability to adopt the majority of people who, as Andreas stated, really need it. Bitcoin has multiple constraints, but a principal issue is expecting the unbanked to be able to self-custody. The answer to this problem lay in work undertaken by one of the original cypherpunks. In 1989 David Chaum created Digicash. Despite the venture eventually failing, decades later it helped pave the way for Bitcoin, and, now it is the basis for Fedimint. Chaum's innovation was to create blind mints: digital banks where communities can deposit and utilise digital dollars, and where the custodians have no access to any of the user data. But it was a chance meeting between Obi Nwosu and Eric Sirion at a hackers congress in Prague last year that dusted off Chaum's work and give it new life, with the aim of opening up Bitcoin to the masses. As a result, Fedimint was born in 2021. It attracted the sponsorship of Blockstream. Fedimint operates outside of the Bitcoin blockchain, and the idea is that the custody will be managed by trusted members of a community. Custodial risk is reduced through the ability to have such mints federated, where the operation operates as a multi-sig. Obi believes that after the provision of decentralised censorship-resistant money and payments, Fedimint is the third pillar of Bitcoin. It offers the real opportunity to scale Bitcoin into a global currency.

David Chaum, the legendary founder of DigiCash and eCash, a cryptocurrency that predates Bitcoin, stops by to talk about his concerns about Big Tech, privacy, and the future of democracy. David, widely known as the “Godfather of Cryptocurrency and Online Privacy”, talks about his fully-encrypted messenger application, the xx messenger, the xx network, and unveils the vision for his privacy-first ecosystem, Elixxir. This is a can't-miss episode for anyone interested in the history, application, and future of cryptography. JOIN THE FREE WOLF DEN NEWSLETTER

David Chaum of XX Network creates somethinh truly brilliant. --- This episode is sponsored by · Anchor: The easiest way to make a podcast. https://anchor.fm/app Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/cryptoceej/support

David Chaum is a computer scientist and an OG member of the cryptography community. His innovation has driven much of the mathematical foundation of cryptocurrency, and he continues to work on projects like xx Network. In 1985, David issued this warning to the public: “Computerization is robbing individuals of the ability to monitor and control the ways information about them is used. Already, public and private sector organizations acquire extensive personal information and exchange it amongst themselves… The automation of payment and other consumer transactions is expanding these dangers to an unprecedented extent.” In today's surveillance capitalism, it's clear that we need cryptography now more than ever. ------

Years before credit cards transactions gave banks and data-brokers free access to our private financial information, a man named David Chaum became the first person to really, materially grapple with the problem of privacy in money. His ideas inspired a movement of "Crypto Anarchists" who aspired to change money, forever.

Show support appreciated: donations.cryptovoices.com Show Sponsor: hodlhodl.com/join/cryptovoices Alec interviews original cypherpunk and legend David Chaum, live and on location in Austin, TX. David and Alec discuss real encryption practices and applying them around the world, and how his venture xx network is working to achieve this noble goal. Listen on to learn more. Links for more info: https://twitter.com/chaumdotcom https://xx.network/david-chaum/ https://chaum.com/ Show Sponsor: hodlhodl.com/join/cryptovoices Hosts: Matthew Mežinskis, Michel, Alec Harris Music: New Friend Music newfriendmusic.com/ Site: cryptovoices.com/ Podcast & information Bitcoin, privacy, cryptoeconomics & liberty Thanks for listening! Show content is not investment advice in any way.

In this episode of CRYPTO 101, brought to you by iTrust Capital, we talk to one of the godfathers of crypto, David Chaum, about his unique look at where crypto is today… along with diving into his privacy-based blockchain ecosystem company xx network. Sponsored link: iTrust.Capital/CRYPTO101 Guest Links: https://xx.network/ https://xx.network/david-chaum/ https://twitter.com/xx_network Show Links: https://CRYPTO101podcast.com Patreon: www.patreon.com/user?u=8429526 Twitter: https://twitter.com/Crypto101Pod https://twitter.com/BrycePaul101 https://instagram.com/crypto_101 Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/groups/101Crypto https://www.facebook.com/CRYPTO101Podcast **THIS IS NOT FINANCIAL OR LEGAL ADVICE** © Copyright 2022 Boardwalk Flock, LLC All Rights Reserved ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Fog by DIZARO https://soundcloud.com/dizarofr Creative Commons — Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported — CC BY-ND 3.0 Free Download / Stream: http://bit.ly/Fog-DIZARO Music promoted by Audio Library https://youtu.be/lAfbjt_rmE8 ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬

In this episode of CRYPTO 101, brought to you by iTrust Capital, we talk to one of the godfathers of crypto, David Chaum, about his unique look at where crypto is today… along with diving into his privacy-based blockchain ecosystem company xx network. Sponsored link: iTrust.Capital/CRYPTO101 Guest Links: https://xx.network/ https://xx.network/david-chaum/ https://twitter.com/xx_network Show Links: https://CRYPTO101podcast.com Patreon: www.patreon.com/user?u=8429526 Twitter: https://twitter.com/Crypto101Pod https://twitter.com/BrycePaul101 https://instagram.com/crypto_101 Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/groups/101Crypto https://www.facebook.com/CRYPTO101Podcast **THIS IS NOT FINANCIAL OR LEGAL ADVICE** © Copyright 2022 Boardwalk Flock, LLC All Rights Reserved ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Fog by DIZARO https://soundcloud.com/dizarofr Creative Commons — Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported — CC BY-ND 3.0 Free Download / Stream: http://bit.ly/Fog-DIZARO Music promoted by Audio Library https://youtu.be/lAfbjt_rmE8 ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬Advertising Inquiries: https://redcircle.com/brandsPrivacy & Opt-Out: https://redcircle.com/privacy

Las criptomonedas son tan amadas como odiadas en el mundo. Hay quienes las ven como la nueva revolución del capitalismo global, y otros como una amenaza a la estabilidad financiera. Muchas veces se habla de que el origen de la criptomoneda data de 2008 con la publicación del documento sobre Bitcoin, el Libro Blanco de Satoshi Nakamoto, de quien se cree que es realmente un pseudónimo de un individuo o grupo de personas cuya identidad sigue siendo desconocida. Un año más tarde, en 2009, se lanzaría el Bitcoin. Sin embargo, esto no es cierto. Nos tenemos que remontar a los años ochenta. De las criptomonedas se habló por primera vez en 1989 con el criptógrafo David Chaum, quien inventó la moneda digital basada en la criptografía. No fue hasta principios de la década de los 1990 cuando se empezaron a desarrollar protocolos criptográficos y software que harían posible la creación de una moneda digital verdaderamente descentralizada, como la entendemos ahora. Pero, hablar de criptomonedas no es solo hablar de economía o de finanzas. También es hablar de política, de la confianza en las instituciones, del cambio social que puede producir. ¿Nuevas comunidades descentralizadas? ¿Qué retos puede suponer? ¿Qué hay de la percepción individual del control sobre tu propia riqueza? Geopolíticamente, ¿qué actitudes están teniendo los países hacia las criptomonedas de propiedad privada, y hacia las monedas digitales promovidas desde los bancos centrales? De todo esto y más conversan Raquel Jorge y Jorge Tamames (investigadores), junto a Miguel Otero (investigador principal) y Paula Oliver, en el segundo tercer de “Conversaciones Elcano: cómo nos afecta lo que pasa en el mundo”, el podcast del Real Instituto Elcano.     ______________________________________________ Visita nuestra web: www.realinstitutoelcano.org   Síguenos en nuestras redes sociales: X: https://twitter.com/rielcano LinkedIn: https://es.linkedin.com/company/real-instituto-elcano Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/RealInstitutoElcano Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/rielcano/ Threads: https://threads.net/@rielcano       YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@RealInstitutoElcano/  

Deniz Özturhan ile YTD, Kriptonun Efsane İsimleri: Nick Szabo ve David Chaum bölümüyle sizlerle! Bitcoin'in günümüzdeki haline gelmesini sağlayan iki önemli yazılımcı, vizyoner ve kripto aşığı isim Nick Szabo ve David Chaum kimdir? Bu iki önemli isim Bitcoin'in tarihine nasıl yön vermiştir? Bu soruların cevabı ve daha fazlası bu bölümde.

Seiiti Arata começou sua jornada ao bitcoin em 2001, antes mesmo da sua criação, mas foi necessário um bom tempo para que ele realmente caísse na toca do coelho. O que temos a aprender com a sua jornada? LINK Série ¨Dinheiro Arata¨: https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLRisaeHTE4Q2BYp8Gh9SKjUeWvjK80gIx MINUTAGEM 00:00 Abertura 00:40 Apresentação do convidado Seiiti Arata e sua jornada na toca do coelho 06:30 Early adopters do bitcoin 07:05 A história das empresas de assinatura digital no Brasil 09:50 David Chaum e o Digicash 10:25 Os aprendizados na jornada do herói 11:10 Bitcoin é bolha - 2013 13:10 Corretoras e o uso da primeira carteira bitcoin - 2015 14:40 Especulação com compra e venda de bitcoin - 2015 a 2017 16:05 Altseason e o canto da sereia - 2017 18:45 A importância das narrativas das shitcoins 20:10 O sentimento de ¨ser um gênio¨ no bull market 22:50 Responsabilidade na produção de conteúdo financeiro 29:00 Apostador X especulador 31:40 Blocksize war e o período mais difícil do Arata com Bitcoin - 2017 e 2018 33:10 Escalabilidade do bitcoin, o custo das transações, narrativas e a barreira do ego 35:30 Princípios e valores na criação de conteúdo educativo 36:50 A jornada do herói Arata 38:15 Pré história da jornada do Arata na toca do coelho - 2001 40:43 Por que o bitcoin é diferente? 42:40 Transformação em bitcoinheiro e a confiança para produzir conteúdo sobre o tema Quer gastar Bitcoin? Veja primeiro se pode usar algum gift card da nossa patrocinadora Bitrefill!Acesse https://www.bitrefill.com/ ________________ APOIE O CANAL https://bitcoinheiros.com/apoie/ Loja dos Bitcoinheiros https://loja.bitcoinheiros.com/ SIGA OS BITCOINHEIROS: Site: https://www.bitcoinheiros.com Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/bitcoinheiros Twitter: https://www.twitter.com/bitcoinheiros Allan - https://www.twitter.com/allanraicher Dov - https://twitter.com/bitdov Becas - https://twitter.com/bksbk6 Ivan - https://twitter.com/bitofsilence Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/bitcoinheiros Facebook: https://www.fb.com/bitcoinheiros Podcast: https://anchor.fm/bitcoinheiros APOIE O CANAL: - Dê uma gorjeta em Bitcoin: https://bitcoinheiros.com/apoie/ - Inscreva-se no canal - Deixe seu comentário no vídeo - Dê um like no vídeo - Compartilhe o vídeo e o canal com amigos e familiares na sua rede social - Envie um email com seu comentário e sugestões: bitcoinheiros@protonmail.com COMO GUARDAR SEUS BITCOINS? Bitcoinheiros recomendam o uso de carteiras Multisig com Hardware Wallets de diferentes fabricantes. Busque por "canivete bitcoinheiro" em nosso canal para saber mais. - COLDCARD - https://store.coinkite.com/promo/bitcoinheiros (use o código bitcoinheiros

Digital currency emerged in the late ‘80s as a group of computer programmers set out to protect people's privacy in the digital world. This was known as the Cypherpunk Movement. David Chaum created DigiCash which utilized Blind Signature technology to guarantee privacy and safe transactions between individuals. In the ‘90s, Wei Dai created B-money, another digital currency, similar to what we know as Bitcoin today.  Innovation in the digital currency space has been exploding in recent years, from DigiCash to B-money to Bitcoin to Ethereum and now to stablecoins such as USDC, and will only continue to do so. Forward-thinking regulators will be able to harness this innovation for the benefit of their countries, and those that don't...may be left behind. In this episode of The Money Movement, Jeremy is joined by Dante Disparte, Chief Strategy Officer & Head of Global Policy at Circle.

Ep. 59 / TechTalk-Extra: Der Vordenker von Krypto-Währungen & Blockchain - Deep Dive mit David Chaum zum Start des xx-messengers

Digital currency emerged in the late ‘80s as a group of computer programmers set out to protect people's privacy in the digital world. This was known as the Cypherpunk Movement. David Chaum created DigiCash which utilized Blind Signature technology to guarantee privacy and safe transactions between individuals. In the ‘90s, Wei Dai created B-money, another digital currency, similar to what we know as Bitcoin today.  Innovation in the digital currency space has been exploding in recent years, from DigiCash to B-money to Bitcoin to Ethereum and now to stablecoins such as USDC, and will only continue to do so. Forward-thinking regulators will be able to harness this innovation for the benefit of their countries, and those that don't...may be left behind. In this episode of The Money Movement, Jeremy is joined by Dante Disparte, Chief Strategy Officer & Head of Global Policy at Circle. They cover:

This episode is sponsored by Quantstamp and Nexo.io.Just in time for CoinDesk's Privacy Week, this episode takes a deep dive into the ideals, tools and future of privacy and crypto, addressing all facets of privacy in Web 3.Joining “Money Reimagined” hosts Michael Casey and Sheila Warren are two guests familiar with not just the privacy pitfalls of today's internet, but the possible solutions available to protect users. Often recognized as the father of digital currency, David Chaum has had an accomplished career in privacy-focused digital tools, first as the founder of DigiCash and now with his new secure messaging platform xx messenger. Alongside Chaum is Tor Bair, the founder of Secret Foundation, one of the core organizations supporting the private-by-default blockchain Secret Network.Though most people understand that online privacy is a problem, the majority seem willing to trade privacy for convenience and connectivity. As a result, the privacy concerns in Web 2 have become staggeringly large, as displayed in the countless data access hacks, scandals like Cambridge Analytica and Edward Snowden's National Security Agency revelations, among others. Within the crypto industry, the concept of transparency is highly valued, but where is the balancing point between that transparency and privacy? Creating a secure network is important, but security is often directly tied with identity. Cryptographers have devised ways to separate the two, but will these methodologies become pervasive in Web 3?-Quantstamp is the leader of blockchain security, having secured over 100 billion USD worth of digital assets. Visit quantstamp.com to learn why top DeFi projects like Maker, Compound and BarnBridge trust Quantstamp to secure the financial infrastructure of tomorrow. Learn more at quantstamp.com/blog.-Nexo is a powerful, all-in-one crypto platform where you can securely store your crypto. Invest, borrow, exchange and earn up to 17% APR on Bitcoin and 20+ other top coins. Insured for $375M. Audited in real-time by Armanino. Rated excellent on Trustpilot. Get started today at nexo.io.-This episode was produced and edited by Michele Musso with announcements by Adam B. Levine and additional production support by Eleanor Pahl. Our theme song is “Shepard.”See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

This episode is sponsored by Quantstamp and Nexo.io.Just in time for CoinDesk's Privacy Week, this episode takes a deep dive into the ideals, tools and future of privacy and crypto, addressing all facets of privacy in Web 3.Joining “Money Reimagined” hosts Michael Casey and Sheila Warren are two guests familiar with not just the privacy pitfalls of today's internet, but the possible solutions available to protect users. Often recognized as the father of digital currency, David Chaum has had an accomplished career in privacy-focused digital tools, first as the founder of DigiCash and now with his new secure messaging platform xx messenger. Alongside Chaum is Tor Bair, the founder of Secret Foundation, one of the core organizations supporting the private-by-default blockchain Secret Network.Though most people understand that online privacy is a problem, the majority seem willing to trade privacy for convenience and connectivity. As a result, the privacy concerns in Web 2 have become staggeringly large, as displayed in the countless data access hacks, scandals like Cambridge Analytica and Edward Snowden's National Security Agency revelations, among others. Within the crypto industry, the concept of transparency is highly valued, but where is the balancing point between that transparency and privacy? Creating a secure network is important, but security is often directly tied with identity. Cryptographers have devised ways to separate the two, but will these methodologies become pervasive in Web 3?-Quantstamp is the leader of blockchain security, having secured over 100 billion USD worth of digital assets. Visit quantstamp.com to learn why top DeFi projects like Maker, Compound and BarnBridge trust Quantstamp to secure the financial infrastructure of tomorrow. Learn more at quantstamp.com/blog.-Nexo is a powerful, all-in-one crypto platform where you can securely store your crypto. Invest, borrow, exchange and earn up to 17% APR on Bitcoin and 20+ other top coins. Insured for $375M. Audited in real-time by Armanino. Rated excellent on Trustpilot. Get started today at nexo.io.This episode was produced and edited by Michele Musso with announcements by Adam B. Levine and additional production support by Eleanor Pahl. Our theme song is “Shepard.”See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

A brief history of cryptocurrencies Welcome to the cryptohunt jam where we spend one minute a day to explain crypto. In plain english. Today, let's take a brief look at the history of crypto, why it was invented, and how it evolved. It all started in 1983, when a researcher called David Chaum imagined digital money, and his idea slowly started to resonate with the cypherpunks movement. This group was interested in ways to preserve anonymity through cryptography in the early days of the internet, and an anonymous digital payments system was eventually outlined by one member, Wei Dai, in 1998. But the internet was young, and that idea remained dormant until 2009, when an anonymous programmer under the pseudonym of Satoshi Nakamoto launched Bitcoin. In the first transaction ever, Satoshi referenced an article about a bank being bailed out by the British government after the 2008 financial crisis, leading people to believe that Bitcoin was a protest against government controlled financial systems. Bitcoin became popular quickly and in May 2010 someone made the first real world transaction – he paid another person 10,000 Bitcoins in exchange for two pizzas. It may sound silly in retrospect, but this was significant: Bitcoin suddenly had a value. The year after, the first major alternative blockchain was launched: Litecoin was a Bitcoin clone, aimed at improving upon it. Many more so-called altcoins followed it. At this point, crypto was only used to store value or send money around. But a young computer programmer called Vitalik Buterin wanted to replace the entire financial system: Smart contracts would turn crypto into programmable money with infinite potential. His vision was called Ethereum and caught the attention of Peter Thiel, the PayPal co-founder, who gave him $100,000 dollars to drop out of college and pursue the idea. Ethereum was launched in 2015 and took the world by storm. By mid 2017 it already overtook Bitcoin in transactions per day. Later that year, Bitcoin itself touched $20000 - making that original pizza purchase worth $200 million dollars. The markets pulled back, and Bitcoin dropped to around $4000 before starting a meteoric rise again in 2020. Today, there are almost 10000 traded tokens, and Bitcoin is still the largest cryptocurrency. We hope you liked this brief trip down memory lane. And next time we discuss the claim that crypto is really just a ponzi scheme. Disclaimer: This podcast references our opinion and is for information purposes only. It is not intended to be investment advice. Do your own research and seek a duly licensed professional for investment advice. --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/cryptohunt/message

In this episode of Bitcoin, Explained, hosts Aaron van Wirdum and Sjors Provoost are once again joined by resident sidechain and Layer Two expert Ruben Somsen, this time to discuss Federated Ecash, a project that has since October 2021 been sponsored by Bitcoin infrastructure company Blockstream. In the episode, Aaron, Sjors and Ruben discuss the history and design of Ecash, a pioneering digital cash project developed by cryptographer David Chaum and his startup Digicash in the early 1990s. The trio explains how the Ecash system allowed customers of regular banks to make private transactions over the internet. This latest iteration of Ecash, Federated Ecash, takes the original concept, but applies it to be utilized by custodial (or shared custodial) Bitcoin and Lightning wallets. In short, a Federated Ecash service would accept bitcoin deposits, and exchange them for bitcoin-denominated Ecash tokens. These tokens can be send to other users, and ultimately redeemed for the deposited bitcoin. These bitcoin would, in the mean time, be locked up in a multisig address shared between a set of custodians. Concluding the episode, Aaron, Sjors and Ruben go over a short list of ideal properties for a digital cash system, and asses how Bitcoin, Ecash, and the combination of the two embed these properties.

Show support appreciated: https://donations.cryptovoices.com Show Sponsor: https://hodlhodl.com/join/cryptovoices Matthew and Alec interview Amanda Cavaleri, investor and entrepreneur. We discuss Bitcoin surrounding the current language of the pending infrastructure bill in DC, regulation challenges, many pertinent privacy issues today, and more. Amanda Cavaleri runs APRÉS.TECH, a Wyoming-based Bitcoin startup, fund, and mining advisory. She is also COO of Pearl Snap Capital, an investment management firm currently focused on public structured equities in the technology sector. Ms. Cavaleri has worked with global and domestic Digital Asset Hedge Funds, Venture Equity Funds, and a Bitcoin Mutual Fund. Previously, she was also a startup executive in privacy and cybersecurity alongside Dr. David Chaum, cryptography pioneer and founder of DigiCash, and led global R&D and investor relations for Dr. Marc Fleury, founder of JBoss and open source development pioneer. Ms. Cavaleri holds a Master of Science in Technology Commercialization from the McCombs Business School of the University of Texas at Austin. Previously, she was an entrepreneur in health care, was an AARP Innovation Fellow in Washington, D.C., and held the role of Thought Leader with Carnegie Mellon University & UPMC's Quality of Life Technology Center. Ms. Cavaleri has guest lectured at domestic and international graduate schools about emerging technology as well as taught foreign diplomats about the geopolitical digital currency and privacy landscape via the U.S. Department of State's IVLP Exchange Program. Listen on to learn more. Links for more info: https://twitter.com/Amanda_Cavaleri https://www.apres.tech/ https://pearlsnapcap.com/about Show Sponsor: https://hodlhodl.com/join/cryptovoices Hosts: Matthew Mežinskis, Michel, Alec Harris Music: New Friend Music newfriendmusic.com/ Site: cryptovoices.com/ Podcast & information Bitcoin, privacy, cryptoeconomics & liberty Thanks for listening! Show content is not investment advice in any way.

- Cryptography - Public Key Cryptography(Deffie, Hellman fii Merkle); RSA(Rivest, Shamir, and Adleman); Mix networks(David Chaum) ,fii PGP(Phil Zimmermann) - Digital currency(e-qarshii) dhibbaan lakkaawaman ka Bitcoin dura mull'atani garu hoongawan - Chaos Computer Club(CCC), Extropianism, Cryptome, fii Sochii Cypherpunk - Penet, Tor network, Napster, BitTorrent(BT), the Pirate Bay(TBP), fii Wikileaks --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/ilmaormaa/message

Amanda Cavaleri is a global Go-To-Market and Technology Commercialization executive and advisor to companies building & funds investing in emerging technology.   We chat about: - Amanda's story - how she got into investing - working with David Chaum - privacy - Bitcoin - Club House - The GameStop short - Pontificate on the future   and of course, Bitcoin...   Check out my music video"ETF" HERE https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZTSHhwyrB9o Join the band at ETF615.com Citadel21 Volume 6 https://www.citadel21.com/etf-economic-earworms-of-the-sound-money-revolutionhttps://www.citadel21.com/   To learn more about Bitcoin fundamentals... Go to: - bitcoinonepager.com OR - bop.one   Hope you're saving savings by stackin' those sweet, sweet, sats at savingsavings.io (AKA) SwanBitcoin.com/phil Get 10% off the SHAmory game at checkout when you use the promo code Phil10 Rate, Subscribe, and Review the show, and share it with someone who's curious about Bitcoin and needs a place to start.    

We have very special episode this week featuring some of the godfathers of Bitcoin: Nick Szabo, Adam Back and David Chaum. This was recorded as a live panel from Seoul at Korea Blockchain Week and is laid out as a history of the ideas and events that led to Bitcoin from their first person accounts, plus their current thoughts on the experiment and what excites them about the future. From the cryptography and cypherpunk movements to David’s DigiCash, Adam’s Hashcash proof-of-work, Nick’s Bit Gold, and more. Their own contributions were foundational to the development of Bitcoin, and it was fascinating to have them together and playing off of each other in a discussion of that history. A special thanks for fact block for organizing.

We have very special episode this week featuring some of the godfathers of Bitcoin: Nick Szabo, Adam Back and David Chaum. This was recorded as a live panel from Seoul at Korea Blockchain Week and is laid out as a history of the ideas and events that led to Bitcoin from their first person accounts, plus their current thoughts on the experiment and what excites them about the future. From the cryptography and cypherpunk movements to David’s DigiCash, Adam’s Hashcash proof-of-work, Nick’s Bit Gold, and more. Their own contributions were foundational to the development of Bitcoin, and it was fascinating to have them together and playing off of each other in a discussion of that history. A special thanks for fact block for organizing.  

Today we're going to have a foundational episode, laying the framework for further episodes on digital piracy, venture capital, accelerators, Bitcoin, PayPal, Square, and others. I'll try to keep from dense macro and micro economics but instead just lay out some important times from antiquity to the modern financial system so we can not repeat all this in those episodes. I apologize to professionals in these fields whose life work I am about to butcher in oversimplification.  Like a lot of nerds who found myself sitting behind a keyboard writing code, I read a lot of science fiction growing up. There are dystopian and utopian outlooks on what the future holds for humanity give us a peak into what progress is. Dystopian interpretations tell of what amount to warlords and a fragmentation of humanity back to what things were like thousands of years ago. The utopian interpretations often revolve around questions about how society will react to social justice, or a market in equilibrium. The dystopian science fiction represents the past of economics and currency. And the move to online finances and digital currency tracks against what science fiction told us was coming in a future more utopian world. My own mental model of economics began with classes on micro and macro economics in college but evolved when I was living in Verona, Italy. We visited several places built by a family called the Medici's. I'd had bank accounts up until then but that's the first time I realized how powerful banking and finance as an institution was. Tombs, villas, palaces. The Medici built lasting edifices to the power of their clan. They didn't invent money, but they made enough to be on par with the richest modern families.  It's easy to imagine humans from the times of hunter-gatherers trading an arrowhead for a chunk of meat. As humanity moved to agriculture and farming, we began to use grain and cattle as currency. By 8000 BC people began using tokens for trade in the Middle East. And metal objects came to be traded as money around 5,000 BC. And around 3,000 PC we started to document trade. Where there's money and trade, there will be abuse. By 1,700 BC early Mesopotamian even issued early regulations for the banking industry in the Code of Hammurabi. By then private institutions were springing up to handle credit, deposits, interest, and loans. Some of which was handled on clay tablets.  And that term private is important. These banking institutions were private endeavors. As the Egyptian empire rose, farmers could store grain in warehouses and then during the Ptolemeic era began to trade the receipts of those deposits. We can still think of these as tokens and barter items though. Banking had begun around 2000 BC in Assyria and Sumeria but these were private institutions effectively setting their own splintered and sometimes international markets. Gold was being used but it had to be measured and weighed each time a transaction was made.  Until the Lydian Stater. Lydia was an empire that began in 1200 BC and was conquered by the Persians around 546 BC. It covered the modern Western Anatolia, Salihli, Manisa, and Turkey before the Persians took it. One of their most important contributions to the modern world was the first state sponsored coinage, in 700BC. The coins were electrum, which is a mix of gold and silver.  And here's the most important part. The standard weight was guaranteed by an official stamp. The Lydian king Croesus then added the concept of bimetallic coinage. Or having one coin made of gold and the other of silver. Each had a different denomination where the lower denomination was one dozen of the higher. They then figured out a way to keep counterfeit coins off the market with a Lydian stone, the color of which could be compared to other marks made by gold coins. And thus modern coinage was born. And the Lydian merchants became the merchants that helped move goods between Greece and Asia, spreading the concept of the coin. Cyrus the second defeated the Lydians and Darius the Great would issue the gold daric, with a warrior king wielding a bow. And so heads of state adorned coins.  As with most things in antiquity, there are claims that China or India introduced coins first. Bronzed shells have been discovered in the ruins of Yin, the old capital of the Shang dynasty dating back hundreds of years before the Lydians. But if we go there this episode will be 8 hours long.  Exodus 22:25-27 “If you lend money to my people—to any poor person among you—never act like a moneylender. Charge no interest.” Let's put that bible verse in context. So we have coins and banks. And international trade. It's mostly based on the weight of the coins. Commerce rises and over the centuries banks got so big they couldn't be allowed to fail without crashing the economy of an empire. Julius Caeser expands the empire of Rome and gold flows in from conquered lands. One thing that seems constant through history is that interest rates from legitimate lenders tend to range from 3 to 14 percent. Anything less and you are losing money. Anything more and you've penalized the borrower to the point they can't repay the loan. The more scarce capital the more you have to charge. Like the US in the 80s. So old Julius meets an untimely fate, there are wars, and Augustus manages to solidify the empire and Augustus reformed taxes and introduced a lot of new services to the state, building roads, establishing a standing army, the Praetorian Guard, official fire fighting and police and established a lot of the old Roman road systems through the empire that Rome is now known so well for. It was an over 40 year reign and one of the greatest in history. But greatness is expensive.  Tiberius had to bail out banks and companies in the year 33. Moneylending sucks when too many people can't pay you back. Augustus had solidified the Roman Empire and by the time Tiberius came around Rome was a rich import destination. Money was being leant abroad and interest rates and so there was less and less gold in the city. Interest rates had plummeted to 4 percent. Again, we're in a time when money is based on the weight of a coin and there simply weren't enough coins in circulation due to the reach of the empire. And so for all my Libertarian friends - empires learned the hard way that business and commerce are essential services and must be regulated. If money cannot be borrowed then crime explodes. People cannot be left to starve. Especially when we don't all live on land that can produce food any more.  Any time the common people are left behind, there is a revolt. The more the disparity the greater the revolt. The early Christians were heavily impacted by the money lending practices in that era between Julius Caeser and Tiberius and the Bible as an economic textbook is littered with references to usury, showing the blame placed on emerging financial markets for the plight of the commoner. Progress often involves two steps forward and one back to let all of the people in a culture reap the rewards of innovations.   The Roman Empire continued on gloriously for a long, long time. Over time, Rome fell. Other empires came and went. As they did, they minted coins to prove how important the ruling faction was. It's easy to imagine a farmer in the dark ages following the collapse of the Roman Empire dying and leaving half of the farm to each of two children. Effectively each owns one share. That stock can then be used as debt and during the rise of the French empire, 12th century courretiers de change found they could regulate debts as brokers. The practice grew.  Bankers work with money all day. They get crafty and think of new ways to generate income. The Venetians were trading government securities and in 1351 outlawed spreading rumors to lower the prices of those - and thus market manipulation was born. By 1409 Flemish traders began to broker the trading of debts in Bruges at an actual market. Italian companies began issuing shares and joint stock companies were born allowing for colonization of the American extensions to European powers. That colonization increased the gold supply in Europe five fold, resulting in the first great gold rush.  European markets, flush with cash and speculation and investments, grew and by 1611 in Amsterdam the stock market was born. The Dutch East India Company sold shares to the public and brought us options, bonds and derivatives. Dutch perpetual bonds were introduced and one issued in 1629 is still paying dividends. So we got the bond market for raising capital.  Over the centuries leading to the industrial revolution, banking, finance, and markets became the means with which capitalism and private property replaced totalitarian regimes, the power of monarchs, and the centralized control of production. As the markets rose, modern economics were born, with Adam Smith codifying much of the known works at that point, including those from French physiocrats. The gold standard began around 1696 and gained in popularity. The concept was to allow paper money to be freely convertible into a pre-defined amount of gold. Therefore, paper money could replace gold and still be backed by gold just as it was in antiquity. By 1789 we were running a bit low on gold so introduced the bimetallic standard where silver was worth one fifteenth of gold and a predefined market ratio was set.   Great thinking in economics goes back to antiquity but since the time of Tiberius, rulers had imposed regulation. This had been in taxes to pay for public goods and bailing out businesses that had to get bailed out - and tariffs to control the movement of goods in and out of a country. To put it simply, if too much gold left the country, interest rates would shoot up, inflation would devalue the ability to buy goods and as people specialized in industries, those who didn't produce food, like the blacksmiths or cobblers, wouldn't be able to buy food. And when people can't buy food, bad things happen.  Adam Smith believed in self-regulation though, which he codified in his seminal work Wealth of Nations, in 1776. He believed that what he called the “invisible hand” of the market would create economic stability, which would lead to prosperity for everyone. And that became the framework for modern capitalistic endeavors for centuries to come. But not everyone agreed. Economics was growing and there were other great thinkers as well.  Again, things fall apart when people can't get access to food and so Thomas Malthus responded with a theory that the rapidly growing populations of the world would outgrow the ability to feed all those humans. Where Smith had focused on the demand for goods, Malthus focused on scarcity of supply. Which led to another economist, Karl Marx, to see the means of production as key to providing the Maslovian hierarchy. He saw capitalism as unstable and believed the creation of an owner (or stock trader) class and a working class was contrary to finding balance in society. He accurately predicted the growing power of business and how that power would control and so hurt the worker at the benefit of the business. We got marginalize, general equilibrium theory, and over time we could actually test theories and the concepts that began with Smith became a science, economics, with that branch known as neoclassical. Lots of other fun things happen in the world. Bankers begin instigating innovation and progress. Booms or bull markets come, markets over index and/or supplies become scarce and recessions or bear markets ensue. Such is the cycle. To ease the burdens of an increasingly complicated financial world, England officially adopted the gold standard in 1821 which led to the emergence of the international gold standard, adopted by Germany in 1871 and by 1900, most of the world. Gaining in power and influence, the nations of the world stockpiled gold up until World War I in 1914. The international political upheaval led to a loss of faith in the gold standard and the global gold supply began to fall behind the growth in the global economy.  JP Morgan dominated Wall Street in what we now called the Gilded age. He made money by reorganizing and consolidating railroad businesses throughout America. He wasn't just the banker, he was the one helping become more efficient, digging into how the businesses worked and reorganizing and merging corporate structures. He then financed Edison's research and instigated the creation of General Electric. He lost money investing on a Tesla project when Tesla wanted to go wireless. He bought Carnegie Steel in 1901, the first modern buyout that gave us US Steel. The industrialists from the turn of the century increased productivity at a rate humanity had never seen. We had the biggest boom market humanity had ever seen and then when the productivity gains slowed and the profits and earnings masked the slowdown in output a bubble of sorts formed and the market crashed in 1929.  These markets are about returns on investments. Those require productivity gains as they are usually based margin, or the ability to sell more goods without increasing the cost - thus the need for productivity gains. That crash in 1929 sent panic through Wall Street and wiped out investors around the world. Consumer confidence, and so spending and investment was destroyed. With a sharp reduction needed in supply, industrial output faltered and workers were laid off, creating a vicious cycle.  The crash also signaled the end of the gold standard. The pound and franc were mismanaged, commodity prices, new power Germany was having trouble repaying war debts, commodity prices collapsed, and thinking a reserve of gold would keep them legitimate, countries raised interest rates, further damaging the global economy. High interest rates reduce investment. England finally suspended the gold standard in 1931 which sparked  other countries to do the same, with the US raising the number of dollars per ounce of gold from $20 to $35 and so obtaining enough gold to back the US dollar as the de facto standard.  Meanwhile, science was laying the framework for the next huge boom - which would be greater in magnitude, margins, and profits. Enter John Maynard Keynes and Keynesian economics, the rise of macroeconomics. In a departure from neoclassical economics he believed that the world economy had grown to the point that aggregate supply and demand would not find equilibrium without government intervention. In short, the invisible hand would need to be a visible hand by the government. By then, the Bolsheviks had established the Soviet Union and Mao had founded the communist party in China. The idea that there had been a purely capitalist society since the time the Egyptian government built grain silos or since Tiberius had rescued the Roman economy with bailouts was a fallacy. The US and other governments began spending, and incurring debt to do so, and we began to dig the world out of a depression. But it took another world war to get there. And that war did more than just end the Great Depression. World War II was one of the greatest rebalancing of powers the world has known - arguably even greater than the fall of the Roman and Persian empires and the shift between Chinese dynasties. In short, we implemented a global world order of sorts in order to keep another war like that from happening. Globalism works for some and doesn't work well for others. It's easy to look on the global institutions built in that time as problematic. And organizations like the UN and the World Bank should evolve so they do more to lift all people up, so not as many around the world feel left behind.  The systems of governance changed world economics.The Bretton Woods Agreement would set the framework for global currency markets until 1971. Here, all currencies were valued in relation to the US dollar which based on that crazy rebalancing move now sat on 75% of the worlds gold. The gold was still backed at a rate of $35 per ounce. And the Keynesian International Monetary Fund would begin managing the balance of payments between nations. Today there are 190 countries in the IMF Just as implementing the gold standard set the framework that allowed the investments that sparked capitalists like JP Morgan, an indirect financial system backed by gold through the dollar allowed for the next wave of investment, innovation, and so productivity gains. This influx of money and investment meant there was capital to put to work and so bankers and financiers working with money all day derived new and witty instruments with which to do so. After World War II, we got the rise of venture capital. These are a number of financial instruments that have evolved so qualified investors can effectively make bets on a product or idea. Derivatives of venture include incubators and accelerators.  The best example of the early venture capital deals would be when Ken Olson and Harlan Anderson raised $70,000 in 1957 to usher in the age of transistorized computing. DEC rose to become the second largest computing company - helping revolutionize knowledge work and introduce a new wave of productivity gains and innovation. They went public in 1968 and the investor made over 500 times the investment, receiving $38 million in stock. More importantly, he stayed friends and a confidant of Olson and invested in over 150 other companies.  The ensuing neoclassical synthesis of economics basically informs us that free markets are mostly good and efficient but if left to just Smith's invisible hand, from time to time they will threaten society as a whole. Rather than the dark ages, we can continue to evolve by keeping markets moving and so large scale revolts at bay. As Aasimov effectively pointed out in Foundation - this preserves human knowledge. And strengthens economies as we can apply math, statistics, and the rising computers to help apply monetary rather than fiscal policy as Friedman would say, to keep the economy in equilibrium.  Periods of innovation like we saw in the computer industry in the post-war era always seem to leave the people the innovation displaces behind. When enough people are displaced we return to tribalism, nationalism, thoughts of fragmentation, and moves back into the direction of dystopian futures. Acknowledging people are left behind and finding remedies is better than revolt and retreating from progress - and showing love to your fellow human is just the right thing to do. Not doing so creates recessions like the ups and downs of the market in the years as gaps between innovative periods formed. The stock market went digital in 1966, allowing more and more trades to be processed every day. Instinet was founded in 1969 allowing brokers to make after hour trades. NASDAQ went online in 1970, removing the floor or trading market that had been around since the 1600s. And as money poured in, ironically gold reserves started to go down a little. Just as the Romans under Tiberius saw money leave the country as investment, US gold was moving to other central banks to help rebuild countries, mostly those allied with NATO, to rebuild their countries. But countries continued to release bank notes to pay to rebuild, creating a period of hyperinflation. As with other times when gold became scarce, interest rates became unpredictable, moving from 3 to 17 percent and back again until they began to steadily decline in 1980.  Gold would be removed from the London market in 1968 and other countries began to cash out their US dollars for gold. Belgium, the Netherlands, then Britain cashed in their dollars for gold, and much as had happened under the reign of Tiberius, there wasn't enough to sustain the financial empires created. This was the turning point for the end of the informal links back to the gold standard. By 1971 Nixon was forced to sever the relationship between the dollar and gold and the US dollar, by then the global standard going back to the Bretton Woods Agreement, became what's known as fiat money. The Bretton Woods agreement was officially over and the new world order was morphing into something else. Something that was less easily explainable to common people. A system where the value of currency was based not on the link to gold but based on the perception of a country, as stocks were about to move from an era of performance and productivity to something more speculative. Throughout the 80s more and more orders were processed electronically and by 1996 we were processing online orders. The 2000s saw algorithmic and high frequency trading. By 2001 we could trade in pennies and the rise of machine learning created billionaire hedge fund managers. Although earlier versions were probably more just about speed. Like if EPS is greater than Expected EPS and guidance EPS is greater than EPS then buy real fast, analyze the curve and sell when it tops out. Good for them for making all the moneys but while each company is required to be transparent about their financials, the high frequency trading has gone from rewarding companies with high earnings to seeming like more a social science where the rising and falling was based on confidence about an industry and the management team. It became harder and harder to explain how financial markets work. Again, bankers work with money all day and come up with all sorts of financial instruments to invest in with their time. The quantity and types of these became harder to explain. Junk bonds, penny stocks, and to an outsider strange derivatives. And so moving to digital trading is only one of the ways the global economy no longer makes sense to many.  Gold and other precious metals can't be produced at a rate faster than humans are produced. And so they had to give way to other forms of money and currency, which diluted the relationship between people and a finite, easy to understand, market of goods.  As we moved to a digital world there were thinkers that saw the future of currency as flowing electronically. Russian cyberneticist Kitov theorized electronic payments and then came ATMs back in the 50s, which the rise of digital devices paved the way to finally manifest themselves over the ensuing decades. Credit cards moved the credit market into more micro-transactional, creating industries where shop-keepers had once kept debits in a more distributed ledger. As the links between financial systems increased and innovators saw the rise of the Internet on the way, more and more devices got linked up. This combined with the libertarianism shown by many in the next wave of Internet pioneers led people to think of ways for a new digital currency. David Chaum thought up ecash in 1983, to use encrypted keys, much as PGP did for messages, to establish a digital currency. In 1998, Nick Szabo came up with the idea for what he called bitgold, a digital currency based on cryptographic puzzles and the solved puzzles would be sent to a public registry using a public key where the party who solved the puzzle would receive a private key. This was kinda' like using a mark on a Lydian rock to make sure coins were gold. He didn't implement the system but had the initial concept that it would work similar to the gold standard - just without a central authority, like the World Bank.  This was all happening concurrently with the rise of ubiquitous computing, the move away from checking to debit and credit cards, and the continued mirage that clouded what was really happening in the global financial system. There was a rise in online e-commerce with various sites emerging to buy products in a given industry online. Speculation increased creating a bubble around Internet companies. That dot com bubble burst in 2001 and markets briefly retreated from the tech sector.  Another bull market was born around the rise of Google, Netflix, and others. Productivity gains were up and a lot of money was being put to work in the market, creating another bubble. Markets are cyclical and need to be reigned back in from time to time. That's not to minimize the potentially devastating impacts to real humans. The Global Financial Crisis of 2008 came along for a number of reasons, mostly tied to the bursting of a housing bubble to oversimplify the matter. The lack of liquidity with banks caused a crash and the lack of regulation caused many to think through the nature of currency and money in an increasingly globalized and digital world. After all, if the governments of the world couldn't protect the citizenry of the world from seemingly unscrupulous markets then why not have completely deregulated markets where the invisible hand does so? Which brings us to the rise of cryptocurrencies. Who is John Galt? Bitcoin was invented by Satoshi Nakamoto, who created the first blockchain database and brought the world into peer-to-peer currency in 2009 when bitcoin .1 was released. Satoshi mined block 0 of bitcoin for 50 bitcoins. Over the next year Satoshi mined a potential of about a million bitcoins. Back then a bitcoin was worth less than a penny. As bitcoin grew and the number of bitcoins mined into the blockchain increased, the scarcity increased and the value skyrocketed reaching over $15 billion as of this writing. Who is Satoshi Nakamoto? No one knows - the name is a pseudonym. Other cryptocurrencies have risen such as Etherium. And the market has largely been allowed to evolve on its own, with regulators and traditional financiers seeing it as a fad. Is it? Only time will tell.  There is about an estimated 200,000 tonnes of gold in the world worth about 93 trillion dollars if so much of it weren't stuck in necklaces and teeth buried in the ground. The US sits on the largest stockpile of it today, at 8,000 tonnes worth about a third of a trillion dollars, then Germany, Italy, and France. By contrast there are 18,000,000 bitcoins with a value of about $270 billion, a little less than the US supply of gold. By contrast the global stock market is valued at over $85 trillion. The global financial markets are vast. They include the currencies of the world and the money markets that trade those. Commodity markets, real estate, the international bond and equity markets, and derivative markets which include contracts, options, and credit swaps. This becomes difficult to conceptualize because as one small example in the world financial markets, over $190 billion is traded on stock markets a day.  Seemingly, rather than running on gold reserves, markets are increasingly driven by how well they put debt to work. National debts are an example of that. The US National Debt currently stands at over $27 trillion dollars. Much is held by our people as bonds, although some countries hold some as security as well, including governments like Japan and China, who hold about the same amount of debt if you include Hong Kong with China. But what does any of that mean? The US GDP sits at about $22.3 trillion dollars. So we owe a little more than we make in a year. Much as many families with mortgages, credit cards, etc might owe about as much as they make. And roughly 10% of our taxes go to pay interest. Just as we pay interest on mortgages.  Most of this is transparent. As an example, government debt is often held in the form of a treasury bond. The treasury.gov website lists who holds what bonds: https://ticdata.treasury.gov/Publish/mfh.txt. Nearly every market discussed here can be traced to a per-transaction basis, with many transactions being a matter of public record. And yet, there is a common misconception that people think the market is controlled by a small number of people. Like a cabal. But as with most perceived conspiracies, the global financial markets are much more complex. There are thousands of actors who think they are acting rationally who are simply speculating. And there are a few who are committing a crime by violating or inorganically manipulating markets, as has been illegal since the Venetians passed their first laws on the matter. Most day traders will eventually lose all of their money. Most market manipulators will eventually go to jail. But there's a lot of grey in between. And that can't entirely be planned for.  At the beginning of this episode I mentioned it was a prelude to a deeper dive into digital piracy, venture capital, Bitcoin, PayPal, Square, and others. Piracy, because it potentially represents the greatest redistribution of wealth since the beginning of time. Baidu and Alibaba have made their way onto public exchanges. ANT group has the potential to be the largest IPO in history. Huawei is supposedly owned by employees. You can also buy stocks in Russian banking, oil, natural gas, and telecom.  Does this mean that the split created when the ideas of Marx became a political movement that resulted in communist regimes is over? No. These have the potential of creating a bubble. One that will then need correcting, maybe even based on intellectual property damage claims. The seemingly capitalistic forays made by socialist or communist countries just go to show that there really isn't and has never been a purely capitalist, socialist, or communist market. Instead, they're spectrums separated by a couple of percentages of tax here and there to pay for various services or goods to the people that each nation holds as important enough to be universal to whatever degree that tax can provide the service or good.  So next time you hear “you don't want to be a socialist country, do you?” Keep in mind that every empire in history has simply been somewhere in a range from a free market to a state-run market. The Egyptians provided silos, the Lydians coined gold, the Romans built roads and bailed out banks, nations adopted gold as currency, then build elaborate frameworks to gain market equilibrium. Along the way markets have been abused and then regulated and then deregulated. The rhetoric used to day though is really a misdirection play handed down by people with ulterior motives. You know, like back in the Venetian times. I immediately think of dystopian futures when I feel I'm being manipulated. That's what charlatans do. That's not quite so necessary in a utopian outlook.

David Chaum, the inventor of eCash and CEO of xx network, and Adam Back, the inventor of Hashcash and the cofounder and CEO of Blockstream, discuss their involvement in digital currency well before Bitcoin existed. In this episode, they discuss: how they each became enamored with the idea of digital currency years before such an idea was widely discussed the crypto wars of the 1990s and the U.S. government's attempts to control access to advanced cryptography Digicash, the creation of eCash, and the difficulties of implementing the system with the technology available at the time the innovation of blind signatures used in eCash what caused the demise of Digicash, and David's role in that the development of Hashcash and the problems Adam was trying to solve by creating it their initial reactions to learning about Bitcoin for the first time how they think Bitcoin might improve in the future the stock-to-flow Model, and where they believe the Bitcoin price might go next why the Hashcash proof-of-work mechanism became so widely used    Thank you to our sponsor!  Crypto.com: https://crypto.com/   Episode links:  Adam Back: https://twitter.com/adam3us Blockstream: https://blockstream.com  Adam's website: http://www.cypherspace.org   David Chaum: https://twitter.com/chaumdotcom Elixxir: https://elixxir.io  XX Network: https://xx.network   Previous Unchained episode on the history of digital currency: https://unchainedpodcast.com/why-bitcoin-now-the-history-of-digital-currency/   Wired article on “e-money”: https://www.wired.com/1994/12/emoney/     Translated Dutch article on why DigiCash failed:  https://cryptome.org/jya/digicrash.htm   Aaron Van Wirdum's Bitcoin Magazine series on the history of digital currency:  https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/the-beginners-guide-to-bitcoin-part-3-bitcoins-pre-history-and-the-cypherpunks-with-aaron-van-wirdum    David Chaum's e-Cash: https://bitcoinmagazine.com/articles/genesis-files-how-david-chaums-ecash-spawned-cypherpunk-dream Hashcash: https://bitcoinmagazine.com/articles/genesis-files-hashcash-or-how-adam-back-designed-bitcoins-motor-block

David Chaum, the inventor of eCash and CEO of xx network, and Adam Back, the inventor of Hashcash and the cofounder and CEO of Blockstream, discuss their involvement in digital currency well before Bitcoin existed. In this episode, they discuss: how they each became enamored with the idea of digital currency years before such an idea was widely discussed the crypto wars of the 1990s and the U.S. government’s attempts to control access to advanced cryptography Digicash, the creation of eCash, and the difficulties of implementing the system with the technology available at the time the innovation of blind signatures used in eCash what caused the demise of Digicash, and David's role in that the development of Hashcash and the problems Adam was trying to solve by creating it their initial reactions to learning about Bitcoin for the first time how they think Bitcoin might improve in the future the stock-to-flow Model, and where they believe the Bitcoin price might go next why the Hashcash proof-of-work mechanism became so widely used    Thank you to our sponsor!  Crypto.com: https://crypto.com/   Episode links:  Adam Back: https://twitter.com/adam3us Blockstream: https://blockstream.com  Adam's website: http://www.cypherspace.org   David Chaum: https://twitter.com/chaumdotcom Elixxir: https://elixxir.io  XX Network: https://xx.network   Previous Unchained episode on the history of digital currency: https://unchainedpodcast.com/why-bitcoin-now-the-history-of-digital-currency/   Wired article on “e-money”: https://www.wired.com/1994/12/emoney/     Translated Dutch article on why DigiCash failed:  https://cryptome.org/jya/digicrash.htm   Aaron Van Wirdum's Bitcoin Magazine series on the history of digital currency:  https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/the-beginners-guide-to-bitcoin-part-3-bitcoins-pre-history-and-the-cypherpunks-with-aaron-van-wirdum    David Chaum's e-Cash: https://bitcoinmagazine.com/articles/genesis-files-how-david-chaums-ecash-spawned-cypherpunk-dream Hashcash: https://bitcoinmagazine.com/articles/genesis-files-hashcash-or-how-adam-back-designed-bitcoins-motor-block

Go down the rabbit hole with the forefather of the crypto movement, David Chaum, CEO of the xx Network.  A timely discussion on election security and the chilling effects the decline of democracy has on our civil rights.

David Chaum, pioneering cryptographer and founder of the XX network, joins Charlie Shrem on today’s episode of Untold Stories. Charlie and David discuss threats to democracy and the importance of metadata shredding, Elixxir and the XX Network, Digicash, the Cypherpunk movement, ballot secrecy and cryptography in voting, whether David met Satoshi Nakamoto, how David got interested in cryptography, and what cryptographers in the 1980's and 90's thought it would look like today. --- BitPanda Bitpanda is a fintech based in Vienna, Austria founded in 2014 by Eric Demuth, Paul Klanschek and Christian Trummer. The company is a firm believer in the innovative power of cryptocurrencies, digitised assets and blockchain technology. Bitpanda’s mission is to tear down the barriers to investing and bring traditional financial products to the 21st century. Today, Bitpanda has more than 1 million users and 120 team members. With a PSD2 payment service provider license, state-of-the-art security and streamlined user experience, Bitpanda has grown into a popular trading platform for newbies and experts alike. Users can currently trade Bitcoin, Ethereum, gold and over 20 other digital assets. --- Pepo Pepo was founded by Jason Goldberg, who has been building user experiences for creators and communities for decades. Jason has worked at AOL, Jobster, Social Median, and more recently he connected designers at Hem and Fab. Visit us at Pepo.com/stories for more information. --- If you enjoyed this conversation, share it with your colleagues & friends, rate, review, and subscribe.This podcast is presented by BlockWorks Group. For exclusive content and events that provide insights into the crypto and blockchain space, visit them at: https://www.blockworksgroup.io

David Chaum, pioneering cryptographer and founder of the XX network, joins Charlie Shrem on today’s episode of Untold Stories. Charlie and David discuss threats to democracy and the importance of metadata shredding, Elixxir and the XX Network, Digicash, the Cypherpunk movement, ballot secrecy and cryptography in voting, whether David met Satoshi Nakamoto, how David got interested in cryptography, and what cryptographers in the 1980's and 90's thought it would look like today. --- BitPanda Bitpanda is a fintech based in Vienna, Austria founded in 2014 by Eric Demuth, Paul Klanschek and Christian Trummer. The company is a firm believer in the innovative power of cryptocurrencies, digitised assets and blockchain technology. Bitpanda’s mission is to tear down the barriers to investing and bring traditional financial products to the 21st century. Today, Bitpanda has more than 1 million users and 120 team members. With a PSD2 payment service provider license, state-of-the-art security and streamlined user experience, Bitpanda has grown into a popular trading platform for newbies and experts alike. Users can currently trade Bitcoin, Ethereum, gold and over 20 other digital assets. --- Pepo Pepo was founded by Jason Goldberg, who has been building user experiences for creators and communities for decades. Jason has worked at AOL, Jobster, Social Median, and more recently he connected designers at Hem and Fab. Visit us at Pepo.com/stories for more information. --- If you enjoyed this conversation, share it with your colleagues & friends, rate, review, and subscribe.This podcast is presented by BlockWorks Group. For exclusive content and events that provide insights into the crypto and blockchain space, visit them at: https://www.blockworksgroup.io

In this episode we interview David Chaum, one of the world's leading cryptography experts. 

Entertaining chat with Jim Dolbear President of XX Network (includes Elixxir and Praxxis). He walks us through what they're doing in crypto and blockchain, interesting back history on himself and David Chaum and so much more. https://www.cryptobeadles.com/contest Crypto Beadles Telegram Group https://t.me/joinchat/HwVKolJJQjqy9FrPycPX4Q https://www.cryptobeadles.com https://monarchtoken.io https://monarchwallet.com https://monarchpay.com https://amazingcrypto.com

Welcome to episode 74 of The Bitcoin Game, sponsored by eToro. The Bitcoin Game has been a featured podcast on the LTB Network since 2014! A few facts about David Jevans: In the late '90s, David attended monthly Cypherpunk meetups in Palo Alto. David hired Nick Szabo to help with IronKey (David's previous business, a secure USB product). And David is currently the founder and CEO of CipherTrace, one of the big three "blockchain analysis" companies. David's past and present positions give him a uniquely informed perspective, and I was fascinated to hear his takes. We discuss a wide range of topics, from details about CipherTrace's work, to hardware wallets, supply-chain security, CryptoCapital, Quadriga, BTC-E, CoinJoin, OPSEC, and tons more. EPISODE LINKS CipherTrace https://ciphertrace.com David on Twitter https://twitter.com/davejevans Cypherpunk https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cypherpunk Nick Szabo https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nick_Szabo IronKey https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IronKey ECC (Elliptic Curve Cryptography) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elliptic-curve_cryptography 2000 Financial Cryptography Conference https://ifca.ai/fc00/program.html David Chaum https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Chaum DigiCash https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DigiCash Mt. Gox https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mt._Gox CoinJoin https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/CoinJoin Wasabi Wallet https://wasabiwallet.io OPSEC https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operations_security Financial Action Task Force (FATF)'s "Travel Rule" https://ciphertrace.com/fatf-crypto-travel-rule THE BITCOIN GAME IS SPONSORED BY Are you interested in getting into the cryptocurrency markets but don't know where to start building your portfolio? eToro has the answer for you. It's called CopyTrader. With CopyTrader, you can automatically copy every trade of eToro's top crypto traders at the exact price in real time. No need to study up on markets or develop your own strategies. Simply sign up and copy the trader of your choice. Any profits they make, you do too (proportional to your investment). With eToro, you get access to the world's most popular cryptocurrencies, with transparent trading fees, all in one easy-to-use app. Join now at b.tc/etorogame. While much of a Bitcoiner's time is spent in the world of digital assets, sometimes it's nice to own a physical representation of the virtual things you care about. For just the price of a cup of coffee or two (at Starbucks), you can own the world-famous Bitcoin Keychain. As Seen On The Guardian • TechCrunch • Engadget • Ars Technica • Popular Mechanics Infowars • Maxim • Inc. • Vice • RT • Bitcoin Magazine • VentureBeat PRI • CoinDesk • Washington Post • Forbes • Fast Company Bitcoin Keychains - BTCKeychain.com CREDITS All music in this episode was created by me, or is from a jam with me, Mike Coleman and Steve Lunn. The Bitcoin Game box art was created from an illustration by Rock Barcellos. Lightning Network tips: https://tippin.me/@TheBTCGame Note: We migrated our RSS feed (and primary content host) to Libsyn; SoundCloud is just a legacy feed.

Location: Skype Date: Thursday, 9th January Project: Bitcoin Magazine Role: Technical Editor Welcome to the Beginner's Guide to Bitcoin. Bitcoin can be intimidating for beginners. The protocol is complicated, the community can be aggressive and unforgiving, silly mistakes can lose you money, and it is easy to succumb to altcoin marketing.  Bitcoin does though, offer you the opportunity to hold a new type of monetary asset, one which can't be seized by the government and is censorship resistance and It has the potential to change the way the world.  The goal of What Bitcoin Did has always been about making things simple; there are no stupid questions, and the show is here to help beginners navigate this new world. To kick off 2020, we are launching a special series to help beginners understand Bitcoin. We will be looking at the basics from breaking down the protocol to explaining the economics and discussing the potential societal shift.  Beginners Guide Part 3 - Aaron van Wirdum on Bitcoin's Pre-History and the Cypherpunks Founded by Eric Hughes, Tim May and John Gilmore the cypherpunks were a group of hackers, privacy enthusiasts and crypto-anarchists. The group consisted of some of the most prominent cryptographers including Phil Zimmermann, Adam Back, Nick Szabo and Hal Finney.  The cypherpunks had its factions; some focussed on privacy tools, others on encryption and some on building decentralised monetary systems. It was on the cypherpunk mailing list and during their meetups that the building blocks of Bitcoin were born.  On October 31st 2008, Satoshi Nakamoto emailed the cypherpunk mailing list, telling them "I've been working on a new electronic cash system that's fully peer-to-peer, with no trusted third party." In the 11 years that followed Bitcoin has proven to be the most successful attempt at creating a censorship-resistant and trust minimised digital currency. Each previous attempt at creating a form of digital money had solved parts of the puzzle, but Satoshi was able to put these pieces together along with his innovations to create Bitcoin. The previous attempts included: In the 1990's eCash, headed by David Chaum, attempted to make online payments anonymous. In 1997 Adam Back created HashCash, a proof-of-work system to reduce email spam and prevent denial of service attacks.  In 1998 Wei Dai proposed B-money to allow for an "anonymous, distributed electronic cash system".  Around the same time, Nick Szabo proposed Bit Gold where unforgettable proof of work chains would share properties of gold: scarce, valuable and trust minimised but with the benefit of being easily transactable.  In 2004 Hal Finney built upon the idea of Hashcash and created Reusable Proofs of Work.  When Satoshi released the Bitcoin whitepaper, rather than a revolution, Bitcoin was an evolution of all that had come before it with Bitcoin being the most trust minimised, censorship-resistant and hardest currency that has ever existed. In Part 3 of The Bitcoin Beginner's Guide, I talk to Aaron van Wirdum, a journalist and Technical Editor at Bitcoin Magazine. Aaron explains the cypherpunk movement and the digital money projects which paved the way for Bitcoin.

Location: SkypeDate: Thursday, 9th January Project: Bitcoin Magazine Role: Technical EditorWelcome to the Beginner's Guide to Bitcoin.Bitcoin can be intimidating for beginners. The protocol is complicated, the community can be aggressive and unforgiving, silly mistakes can lose you money, and it is easy to succumb to altcoin marketing.Bitcoin does though, offer you the opportunity to hold a new type of monetary asset, one which can't be seized by the government and is censorship resistance and It has the potential to change the way the world.The goal of What Bitcoin Did has always been about making things simple; there are no stupid questions, and the show is here to help beginners navigate this new world. To kick off 2020, we are launching a special series to help beginners understand Bitcoin. We will be looking at the basics from breaking down the protocol to explaining the economics and discussing the potential societal shift.Beginners Guide Part 3 - Aaron van Wirdum on Bitcoin's Pre-History and the CypherpunksFounded by Eric Hughes, Tim May and John Gilmore the cypherpunks were a group of hackers, privacy enthusiasts and crypto-anarchists. The group consisted of some of the most prominent cryptographers including Phil Zimmermann, Adam Back, Nick Szabo and Hal Finney.The cypherpunks had its factions; some focussed on privacy tools, others on encryption and some on building decentralised monetary systems. It was on the cypherpunk mailing list and during their meetups that the building blocks of Bitcoin were born.On October 31st 2008, Satoshi Nakamoto emailed the cypherpunk mailing list, telling them "I've been working on a new electronic cash system that's fully peer-to-peer, with no trusted third party." In the 11 years that followed Bitcoin has proven to be the most successful attempt at creating a censorship-resistant and trust minimised digital currency.Each previous attempt at creating a form of digital money had solved parts of the puzzle, but Satoshi was able to put these pieces together along with his innovations to create Bitcoin. The previous attempts included:- In the 1990's eCash, headed by David Chaum, attempted to make online payments anonymous.- In 1997 Adam Back created HashCash, a proof-of-work system to reduce email spam and prevent denial of service attacks.- In 1998 Wei Dai proposed B-money to allow for an "anonymous, distributed electronic cash system".- Around the same time, Nick Szabo proposed Bit Gold where unforgettable proof of work chains would share properties of gold: scarce, valuable and trust minimised but with the benefit of being easily transactable.- In 2004 Hal Finney built upon the idea of Hashcash and created Reusable Proofs of Work.When Satoshi released the Bitcoin whitepaper, rather than a revolution, Bitcoin was an evolution of all that had come before it with Bitcoin being the most trust minimised, censorship-resistant and hardest currency that has ever existed.In Part 3 of The Bitcoin Beginner's Guide, I talk to Aaron van Wirdum, a journalist and Technical Editor at Bitcoin Magazine. Aaron explains the cypherpunk movement and the digital money projects which paved the way for Bitcoin.-----If you enjoy The What Bitcoin Did Podcast you can help support the show my doing the following:Become a Patron and get access to shows early or help contributeMake a tip:Bitcoin: 3FiC6w7eb3dkcaNHMAnj39ANTAkv8Ufi2SQR Codes: Bitcoin | Ethereum | Litecoin | Monero | ZCash | RipplecoinIf you do send a tip then please email me so that I can say thank youSubscribe on iTunes | Spotify | Stitcher | SoundCloud | YouTube | Deezer | TuneIn | RSS FeedLeave a review on iTunesShare the show and episodes with your friends and familySubscribe to the newsletter on my websiteFollow me on Twitter Personal | Twitter Podcast | Instagram | Medium | YouTubeIf you are interested in sponsoring the show, you can read more about that here or please feel free to drop me an email to discuss options.

David Chaum is een levende legende in de wereld van cryptografie en in de wereld van cryptocurrency. Diep in de vorige eeuw gedacht hij digitaal geld, gebaseerd op cryptografische technieken. Ecash werd echter geen succes.

Location: San Francisco Date: Monday, 21st October Project: n/a Role: Blockchain, cryptocurrency, and smart contracts pioneer On October 31st 2008, Satoshi Nakamoto emailed the cypherpunk mailing list, telling them "I've been working on a new electronic cash system that's fully peer-to-peer, with no trusted third party." In the 11 years that followed Bitcoin has proven to be the most successful attempt at creating a censorship-resistant and trust minimised digital currency. Bitcoin was not the first attempt at creating a trust minimised currency, and there were several proposals, implementations and technologies which led to Bitcoin: In the 1990's DigiCash, headed by David Chaum, attempted to make online payments anonymous. In 1997 Adam Back created HashCash using a proof-of-work system to reduce email spam and prevent denial of service attacks.  In 1998 Wei Dai proposed B-money to allow for an "anonymous, distributed electronic cash system".  In 2004 Hal Finney built upon the idea of Hashcash and created Reusable Proofs of Work.  And in 2005 Nick Szabo proposed Bit Gold. Where unforgettable proof of work chains would share properties of gold: scarce, valuable and trust minimised but with the benefit of being easily transactable.  When Satoshi released the Bitcoin whitepaper, rather than a revolution, Bitcoin was an evolution of all that had come before it with Bitcoin being the most trust minimised, censorship-resistant and hardest currency that has ever existed. Among Satoshi's email recipients was Nick Szabo, a computer scientist, cryptographer, the designer of Bit Gold and Smart Contracts pioneer. In a rare interview, Nick joins me to discuss the cypherpunk movement, what money is, privacy and of course, Bitcoin.

Location: San FranciscoDate: Monday, 21st OctoberProject: n/aRole: Blockchain, cryptocurrency, and smart contracts pioneerOn October 31st 2008, Satoshi Nakamoto emailed the cypherpunk mailing list, telling them "I've been working on a new electronic cash system that's fully peer-to-peer, with no trusted third party." In the 11 years that followed Bitcoin has proven to be the most successful attempt at creating a censorship-resistant and trust minimised digital currency.Bitcoin was not the first attempt at creating a trust minimised currency, and there were several proposals, implementations and technologies which led to Bitcoin:In the 1990's DigiCash, headed by David Chaum, attempted to make online payments anonymous.In 1997 Adam Back created HashCash using a proof-of-work system to reduce email spam and prevent denial of service attacks.In 1998 Wei Dai proposed B-money to allow for an "anonymous, distributed electronic cash system".In 2004 Hal Finney built upon the idea of Hashcash and created Reusable Proofs of Work.And in 2005 Nick Szabo proposed Bit Gold. Where unforgettable proof of work chains would share properties of gold: scarce, valuable and trust minimised but with the benefit of being easily transactable.When Satoshi released the Bitcoin whitepaper, rather than a revolution, Bitcoin was an evolution of all that had come before it with Bitcoin being the most trust minimised, censorship-resistant and hardest currency that has ever existed.Among Satoshi's email recipients was Nick Szabo, a computer scientist, cryptographer, the designer of Bit Gold and Smart Contracts pioneer. In a rare interview, Nick joins me to discuss the cypherpunk movement, what money is, privacy and of course, Bitcoin.-----If you enjoy The What Bitcoin Did Podcast you can help support the show my doing the following:Become a Patron and get access to shows early or help contributeMake a tip:Bitcoin: 3FiC6w7eb3dkcaNHMAnj39ANTAkv8Ufi2SQR Codes: Bitcoin | Ethereum | Litecoin | Monero | ZCash | RipplecoinIf you do send a tip then please email me so that I can say thank youSubscribe on iTunes | Spotify | Stitcher | SoundCloud | YouTube | Deezer | TuneIn | RSS FeedLeave a review on iTunesShare the show and episodes with your friends and familySubscribe to the newsletter on my websiteFollow me on Twitter Personal | Twitter Podcast | Instagram | Medium | YouTubeIf you are interested in sponsoring the show, you can read more about that here or please feel free to drop me an email to discuss options.

We’re pleased to be joined by the legendary cryptographer and computer scientist, David Chaum. From his early beginnings at Berkley, David pioneered many of the cryptographic techniques used in secure systems and cryptocurrencies today. Blind signatures, which are used in zero-knowledge proofs, and mix networks, used in Tor heavily rely on his work. At the dawn of the Internet, David founded DigiCash, what many believe to be a direct ancestor of Bitcoin. Today, David continues to pursue his mission to bring data privacy to all as his most recent project, Elixxir, aims to create a truly private messaging and payment app with a mass-market appeal.Topics covered in this episode:- David’s background as a Ph.D. student at Berkeley and his thesis entitled “Computer Systems Established, Maintained, and Trusted by Mutually Suspicious Groups”- What drove him to work on cryptography and privacy systems- His relationship to the early cypherpunk movement- David’s contribution to cryptography primitives such as blind signatures, undeniable signatures, group signatures and mixers- The story of DigiCash and how the company was founded- The idea behind Cyberbucks and why the company ultimately went bankrupt- Cryptocurrency adoption as a chicken-and-egg problem- David’s personal views and practices with regards to online privacy- His thoughts on the blockchain space today and his views on the future of the industry- His current project, Elixxir, a messaging and payment app which protects users’ data and metadataEpisode links: - [David Chaum’s website](https://chaum.com)- [DigiCash](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/digicash.asp)- [lists.cpunks.org Mailing Lists](https://lists.cpunks.org/mailman/listinfo)- [DigiCash - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DigiCash)- [Blind Signatures for Untraceable Payments](https://www.chaum.com/publications/Chaum-blind-signatures.PDF)- [DigiCash announcement article from 1994](https://www.chaum.com/ecash/articles/1994/05-27-94%20-%20World_s%20first%20electronic%20cash%20payment%20over%20computer%20networks.pdf)- [Project Page: Multiparty Computation](https://www.chaum.com/spymasters/)- [Security without Identification](https://www.chaum.com/publications/Security_Wthout_Identification.html)- [Elixxir - Home](https://elixxir.io/)- [Elixxir - Real Cryptography, Real Time: Precomputations in Elixxir](https://elixxir.io/blog/real-cryptography-real-time)- [Elixxir - Why Mark Zuckerberg wants no privacy, why he wrote his letter, and why it won’t help him](https://elixxir.io/blog/why-zuckerberg-wants-no-privacy)- [Elixxir - Point of Departure](https://elixxir.io/blog/point-of-departure)- [cMix white paper](https://drive.google.com/file/d/1B1jv03qc8E1kx0kvGFx4blzwXrQepMyy/view)Sponsors: - Vaultoro: Trade gold to Bitcoin instantly and securely starting at just 1mg - http://vaultoro.com- Trail of Bits: Trust the team at the forefront of blockchain security research - https://trailofbits.comThis episode is hosted by Sebastien Couture & Friederike Ernst. Show notes and listening options: [epicenter.tv/304](https://epicenter.tv/304)

Bitcoin has been around for about ten years. But the dream of a decentralized, anonymous digital currency has been around for decades. On this week's podcast, we speak with one of the original godfathers of the space, David Chaum, an American cryptographer, who first wrote about digital cash in the early 80s. Chaum's original vision wasn't exactly the same as what we know as cryptocurrencies today, but many of the ideas were the same, and Chaum's work was cited by many of the early crypto believers. On this week's podcast, we talk to him about the history of his work, cryptocurrency, and where he sees it going now.

Watch full video here:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FxQkSdgjlPY&t=6s     >  The Liberty Advisor and WAM's latest contributor Tim Picciott spent 3 days at the Security Token Summit and Crypto Invest Summit. In this video Tim goes over what a Security Token is and has a few clips from notable speakers such as: Tim Draper, Charlie Lee and David Chaum. He also has a few snippets from interviews he conducted with Jor Law of tZERO, Paul Puey of Edge Wallet and Jenny Shaver or SALT Lending. Even if you aren't into Crypto or Blockchain ... you will want to familiarize yourself with the next big thing in finance... Security Tokens. If you hate the word regulation or SEC then you will not like this video. However it is important to have people advocating freedom on the inside of these conferences and not just let politicians and crypto usurpers dictate the future of the space. Help us stay in touch for our inevitable purge: http://www.thelibertyadvisor.com/newsletter www.thelibertyadvisor.com/show to find the links for podcast subscriptions  Listen to the mp3 on your favorite platform: itunes Google Play Stitcher Player FM Podbean Schedule a complimentary Investment consultation with Tim Inquire about Tim speaking on your show or conference: info@thelibertyadvisor.com Sign up for the free Crypto course here and lots of great retirement material: http://www.thelibertyadvisor.com/shadowban Interested in having Crypto in your IRA? www.thelibertyadvisor.com/lp Stay tuned for more from WAM! DON'T MISS AnarchoVegas 2019! Use promo code: WAM Save 10% on your tickets!  Get your early bird tickets now at: www.AnarchoVegas.com CHECK OUT The Red Pill Expo 2019 here: https://redpillexpo.org/rpe/wam/  Please subscribe to the Liberty Advisor Show to have Tim's latest material sent straight to your favorite streaming device: https://libertarianadvisor.podbean.com/ Interested in having Crypto in your IRA? http://bit.ly/cryptoselfdirect Interested in a 15 minute portfolio consultation from Innovative Wealth? http://bit.ly/Timsservices Join Tim's newsletter: www.thelibertyadvisor.com/newsletter JOIN US on SubscribeStar here: https://www.subscribestar.com/world-a...  We will soon be doing subscriber only content! Don't forget to check out Mike Maloney's GoldSilver at the following link: https://goldsilver.com/?aff=WAM Video edited by Tim Picciott Featuring: John Sneisen and Tim Picciott Visit us at www.WorldAlternativeMedia.com LIKE us on Facebook here: https://www.facebook.com/LibertyShall...  Follow us on Twitter here: https://twitter.com/WorldAltMedia  FIND US ON STEEMIT: https://steemit.com/@joshsigurdson  BUY JOHN SNEISEN'S LATEST BOOK HERE: Paperback https://www.amazon.com/dp/1988497051/...  Kindle https://www.amazon.ca/dp/B073V5R72H/r...  DONATE HERE: https://www.gofundme.com/w3e2es Help keep independent media alive! Pledge here! Just a dollar a month can help us stay on our feet as we face intense YouTube censorship!  https://www.patreon.com/user?u=265207...  BITCOIN ADDRESS: 18d1WEnYYhBRgZVbeyLr6UfiJhrQygcgNU World Alternative Media 2019 "Find the truth, be the change!"

David Lee Chaum first began experimenting and innovating with cryptography in the 70's. Throughout a seminal career he has been responsible for some of the most important protocols and inventions in the industry. We met in Paris to have a chat about: - Personal privacy - Some of his most important work - TOR and the NSA - Applications of the blockchain - The Elixxir platform - Incentives On the Origins and Variations of Blockchain Technologies, the pdf can be found here: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8674176 The Elixxir platform: elixxir.io Node application closes this Friday at midnight Pacific time. If you are interested in helping Elixxir build a decentralized future, apply by this Friday here: https://www.surveymonkey.com/r/RGTXMP6 Review and Subscribe on iTunes: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/cristo-on-crypto/id1303868423 Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/5cbgYNnDlvEdwg0NqgyCH0 Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCsk_tB-iWXdWDTk2-L_UD2Q Music credits: Ocean by KV https://soundcloud.com/kvmusicprod Creative Commons — Attribution 3.0 Unported — CC BY 3.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Music promoted by Audio Library https://youtu.be/a8ctDtA7OK8

At the recent Physicians for Ancestral Health Winter Retreat I had the opportunity to sit down in person with L. Amber O’Hearn, an outspoken advocate of plant-free eating. Since learning about the zero-carb carnivore approach in 2009, Amber has become an international speaker, researcher, and writer on the subjects of ketosis and the health benefits of eating meat. In this podcast, Amber and I discuss her health journey from veganism to low carb, and then to the more radical carnivore diet. She explains how shunning plant foods led to a dramatic improvement in both her physical and mental health, ending her 20-year battle with bipolar disorder, without the use of medication. She also describes her own version of zero-carb and discusses how a carnivore diet affects ketosis. Here’s the outline of this interview with Amber O’Hearn: [00:00:23] Physicians for Ancestral Health. [00:02:01] Amber's background. [00:03:02] The path that led her to a low carb diet. [00:09:23] Zooko Wilcox-O’Hearn. [00:11:53] David Chaum. [00:12:37] Zcash. [00:16:10] The Ketogenic Diet for Health: ketotic.org. [00:16:49] The value of end-to-end citations. [00:21:52] Amber's post on gluconeogenesis: If You Eat Excess Protein, Does It Turn Into Excess Glucose? [00:26:04] Josh Turknett MD; Talk: How to Win at Angry Birds: Moving Towards a More Efficient Practice Model. [00:26:14] Richard David Feinman; blog: The Other. [00:28:28] Reevaluating previous recommendations: Salt and DHA. [00:33:03] Bipolar disorder and pharmaceutical treatment. [00:40:31] Identifying the root cause of psychiatric illness. [00:45:06] Unwanted side effects from mood stabilizing drugs. [00:47:16] Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT). [00:53:45] Zero carb/plant free diet; Zeroing In On Health, ZIOH. ZIOH Facebook group. [00:57:05] Charles Washington, founder of ZIOH group. [00:57:49] Dry fasting leads to increased fat breakdown; Study: Rutkowska, Joanna, et al. "Increased fat catabolism sustains water balance during fasting in zebra finches." Journal of Experimental Biology 219.17 (2016): 2623-2628. [01:03:58] Pregnancy: Carbohydrate cravings and hyperemesis gravidarum. [01:05:50] Paleo Baby Podcast: Chloe Archard: Paleo advocate, mom, and host of the “Eat Better” podcast. [01:06:51] Rat study: Thompson, Betty J., and Stuart Smith. "Biosynthesis of fatty acids by lactating human breast epithelial cells: an evaluation of the contribution to the overall composition of human milk fat." Pediatric research 19.1 (1985): 139. [01:07:56] Keto Summit; Jeremy Hendon. [01:09:28] Talk at Low Carb Breckenridge: L. Amber O'Hearn - Ketosis Without Starvation: The Human Advantage. [01:10:03] The Boulder Carnivore Conference. [01:10:54] What does a carnivore diet consist of? [01:11:44] Financial considerations. [01:13:56] Paleomedicina Clinic  (ICMNI) uses a Paleolithic Ketogenic Diet. [01:14:59] Stephen Phinney, MD, PhD. [01:15:24] Optimal ketone levels graphic from The Art and Science of Low Carbohydrate Performance by Jeff Volek and Stephen Phinney. [01:17:30] Autoimmune Protocol Diet (AIP). [01:18:39] Shawn Baker. [01:20:26] Andrew Scarborough. [01:21:41] Ability to eat more protein while remaining in ketosis. [01:26:07] Georgia Ede, MD. [01:26:54] Podcast: Disruptive Anthropology: An Ancestral Health Perspective on Barefooting and Male Circumcision, with Stephanie Welch. [01:27:35] Amber’s blog: empiri.ca. [01:27:46] Twitter: @ketocarnivore. Amber’s book-in-progress: facultativecarnivore.com. You can also support Amber’s work on Patreon.

Avi Rosten, editor at Crypto Globe, talks about how his ideological affinities have gotten him into Bitcoin, what it's like to work in crypto journalism, and how he encountered cypherpunk David Chaum.

Interview location: SkypeInterview date: Tuesday 22nd Jan, 2019Company: ZcashRole: Founder and CEOOne of the significant failings of Digicash, the David Chaum pre-Bitcoin digital currency was centralisation. Decentralisation has become one of the core components of what has made Bitcoin work and a success; shutting it down is only possible under extreme circumstances and no single person can exert control over its future direction.How decentralised a cryptocurrency is often a measure of its strength or weakness. Maximalists often challenge Zcash as being centralised, and some refer to it as the corporate privacy coin but how much of a risk is this to the future of the currency?I sat down with the Zcash Founder and CEO, Zooko Wilcox to discuss the intrinsic link between Zcash the company and Zcash the protocol, what risks this presents and how the bear market has affected operations. We also look into Zooko’s past working on Digicash, his discovery of Bitcoin and user adoption in crypto.-----If you enjoy The What Bitcoin Did Podcast you can help support the show my doing the following:Become a Patron and get access to shows early or help contributeMake a tip:Bitcoin: 3FiC6w7eb3dkcaNHMAnj39ANTAkv8Ufi2SQR Codes: Bitcoin | Ethereum | Litecoin | Monero | ZCash | RipplecoinIf you do send a tip then please email me so that I can say thank youSubscribe on iTunes | Spotify | Stitcher | SoundCloud | YouTube | TuneIn | RSS FeedLeave a review on iTunesShare the show and episodes with your friends and familySubscribe to the newsletter on my websiteFollow me on Twitter Personal | Twitter Podcast | Instagram | Medium | YouTubeIf you are interested in sponsoring the show, you can read more about that here or please feel free to drop me an email to discuss options.

Interview location: Palo AltoInterview date: Thursday 31st Jan, 2018Company: CryptomathicRole: Cryptographer and Security ExpertA number of pioneers developed the cryptographic and technical foundations for which Bitcoin is built upon. Nick Szabo highlighted a number of these people in his Tweet:“Inventors of the most important technologies in Bitcoin: digital signatures and Merkle trees (Merkle), elliptic curve crypto (Koblitz), malicious-fault-tolerant consensus (Lamport), elliptic curve crypto (independent inventor: Miller).”Many others along the way have contributed to the success of Bitcoin, either through early work or attempts at created a digital currency, names such as Adam Back, David Chaum and Szabo himself.Whitfield Diffie sits alongside all of these people. His work on cryptography should not be forgotten in the history of Bitcoin and I had the pleasure of sitting down with him to discuss this, how he was introduced to Bitcoin and other such topics as privacy and security.-----If you enjoy The What Bitcoin Did Podcast you can help support the show my doing the following:Become a Patron and get access to shows early or help contributeMake a tip:Bitcoin: 3FiC6w7eb3dkcaNHMAnj39ANTAkv8Ufi2SQR Codes: Bitcoin | Ethereum | Litecoin | Monero | ZCash | RipplecoinIf you do send a tip then please email me so that I can say thank youSubscribe on iTunes | Spotify | Stitcher | SoundCloud | YouTube | TuneIn | RSS FeedLeave a review on iTunesShare the show and episodes with your friends and familySubscribe to the newsletter on my websiteFollow me on Twitter Personal | Twitter Podcast | Instagram | Medium | YouTubeIf you are interested in sponsoring the show, you can read more about that here or please feel free to drop me an email to discuss options.

We believe in an exciting and inevitable future where everything that we do will be fundamentally touched and transformed by blockchain technology and the world will be an infinitely better place to live, work, and play.Consequently, our mission is to accelerate the growth of blockchain within the public conscience, vernacular, and culture through awareness, education, and entertainment.In fact, our first explicit milestone is to get 1,000,000 new folks into blockchain, bitcoin, and cryptocurrency! This is just the first of many steps!If this resonates with you then join us; you are the vanguard.Subscribe on YouTube - https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCueLJ4vLHTwMpYILmdBjRlgFollow on Twitter - https://twitter.com/decentralizedtvFollow on Google + - https://plus.google.com/+DecentralizedTVOriginal Articles on Medium - https://medium.com/decentralizedtvEmail List - https://mailchi.mp/fa9de7339b0c/decentralized-newsSupport Decentralized TV original projects!Crypto Social Exchange - https://yen.io/The Bitcoin Pub - https://thebitcoin.pub/Crypto News - https://cryptoyum.com/Coin Prices and More - https://coinpuffs.com/Learn the Fundamentals of Bitcoin - https://10daysofbitcoin.com/Follow the best podcasts from the best minds in the Bitcoin and Cryptocurrency space on twitter.https://twitter.com/bitcoinpodcasts

Neste primeiro episódio "piloto", os Bitcoinheiros discutem e esclarecem a notícia de que o cypherpunk David Chaum estaria criando uma criptomoeda para desbancar o bitcoin. Será? (Bitcoinheiros #1 - Piloto) Assista o original no YouTube. Leia o livro que conta um pouco sobre a história do dinheiro e explica o que o bitcoin veio resolver - The Bitcoin Standard Um pouco sobre a história dos cypherpunks Siga os bitcoinheiros no twitter Siga os bitcoinheiros no instagram Bitcoinheiros recomendam a carteira Trezor para fazer a segurança das suas criptomoedas. Usando este link você ajuda o canal: https://shop.trezor.io/?offer_id=10&aff_id=1135 --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/bitcoinheiros/message

Welcome to episode 59 of The Bitcoin Game, I'm Rob Mitchell. I'm happy to bring to you part one of an interview with Cypherpunk and CEO of Blockstream, Dr. Adam Back. Dr. Back talks about topics such as his first computers, his early privacy-oriented work, Hashcash vs. other proof-of-work, various early electronic money systems, and his work on Bitcoin Confidential Transactions. Get ready to soak in some history from one of the people whose "work" became an integral part of Bitcoin. EPISODE LINKS Adam Back (Adam3us) on Twitter https://twitter.com/adam3us Dr. Back's Info Page http://www.cypherspace.org/adam Blockstream https://blockstream.com Malta (Crypto-friendly) https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-04-23/how-malta-became-a-hub-of-the-cryptocurrency-world-quicktake Dr. Back's First Computers https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZX81 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZX_Spectrum PGP https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretty_Good_Privacy Cypherpunks Mailing List https://cryptoanarchy.wiki/getting-started/what-is-the-cypherpunks-mailing-list Adam's Credential Library for Ecash & DigiCash http://cypherspace.org/credlib David Chaum's Ecash https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecash Stefan Brands' DigiCash 
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DigiCash Adam Back's Eternity http://www.cypherspace.org/eternity Usenet News https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usenet Pseudonymous Remailers https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudonymous_remailer Hal Finney (integrated PGP into remailers) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hal_Finney_(computer_scientist) Adam Back's Hashcash 
http://www.hashcash.org Spam Assassin https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apache_SpamAssassin Microsoft Digital Postmarks https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_Postmarks SYN Cookies, by Dan Bernstein https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SYN_cookies Pricing via Processing or Combatting Junk Mail (PDF) http://www.hashcash.org/papers/pvp.pdf Old communication between Peter Todd, Adam Back and Hal Finney https://lists.ibiblio.org/pipermail/bluesky/2001-March.txt Wei Dai's B-Money https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/B-money Nick Szabo's Bit Gold https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nick_Szabo#Bit_gold Hal Finney's RPOW - Reusable Proof of Work https://nakamotoinstitute.org/finney/rpow/index.html TPM - Trusted Platform Module https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trusted_Platform_Module Confidential Transactions https://bitcoinmagazine.com/articles/confidential-transactions-how-hiding-transaction-amounts-increases-bitcoin-privacy-1464892525 Elements (Sidechain) https://elementsproject.org Liquid (Sidechain) https://blockstream.com/liquid STAY IN TOUCH Thanks so much for taking the time to listen to The Bitcoin Game! https://Twitter.com/TheBTCGame http://TheBitcoinGame.com Rob@TheBitcoinGame.com SPONSORS BTC Inc is excited to announce its upcoming conference, Distributed Health, November 5 & 6 in Nashville, TN. This is the first conference to bridge the gap between blockchain technology and the healthcare industry. Now in its third year, this two-day event is an opportunity for all members of the ecosystem, including payers, providers, law makers, retailers, investors and innovators, to reshape the future of healthcare. For more information, visit: health.distributed.com and use the promo code: BTCGAME20 to secure a 20% discount! While much of a Bitcoiner's time is spent in the world of digital assets, sometimes it's nice to own a physical representation of the virtual things you care about. For just the price of a cup of coffee or two (at Starbucks), you can own the world famous Bitcoin Keychain. As Seen On The Guardian • TechCrunch • Engadget • Ars Technica • Popular Mechanics Inforwars • Maxim • Inc. • Vice • RT • Bitcoin Magazine • VentureBeat PRI • CoinDesk • Washington Post • Forbes • Fast Company Bitcoin Keychains - BKeychain.com CREDITS All music in this episode of The Bitcoin Game was created by Rob Mitchell. The Bitcoin Game box art was created from an illustration by Rock Barcellos. Bitcoin (Segwit) tipping address: 3AYvXZseExRn3Dum8z9tFUk9jtQK6KMU4g Note: We've recently migrated our RSS feed (and primary content host) from Soundcloud to Libsyn. So if you notice the Soundcloud numbers have dropped off recently, that's the reason.

We're back with another short breakdown of digicash (ecash) and how it all went bad for David Chaum, crypto's whypower, and the miracle of bitcoin in general.Podcast - https://www.spreaker.com/show/arsenio...Podcast on iTunes - https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/t...Podcast on Stitcher - https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/arse...Podcast on SoundCloud - https://soundcloud.com/arsenio-buck/g...YouTube - https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCIzp...Facebook - The Arsenio Buck Show - Home | FacebookTwitter - https://twitter.com/arseniobuckshow?l...Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/thearseniob...Website - https://thearseniobuckshow.com/Q & A - ArsenioBuck@icloud.comLinkedIn - https://www.linkedin.com/in/arsenio-b...Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/thearseniobuckshow/?hl=en

Cryptocurrency exchanges react furiously to a new report from the New York Attorney General’s office.-AND-Another Japanese exchange loses millions of dollars to hackers.-ALSO-Cypherpunk veteran David Chaum has a new coin: Elixxir.-DON’T MISS-CoinDesk research analyst Peter Ryan joins host Marc Hochstein to discuss the latest statistics on blockchain venture capital and ICOs.Recorded September 20, 2018 in New York, NY.Thanks to our sponsors!Said Business School, University of OxfordOxford Fintech ProgrammeOxford Blockchain Strategy ProgrammeLate Confirmation is a CoinDesk production made in collaboration with The Podglomerate.For more information, visit www.CoinDesk.com

Distributed Dialogues is a collaborative show between the Let’s Talk Bitcoin Network and Distributed magazine. In each episode we’ll introduce you to people who are using blockchain technology to change the way we interact with the world around us. As a currency,  Bitcoin is not controlled or supported by a third party entity such as a bank or government. And while the idea of everyone using a currency that no one controls can seem chaotic and counterintuitive, many people see it as the best alternative to the internet’s current paradigm. Recently, it’s been made clear that paradigm is one where an online user’s most intimate information can be readily accessed by third party entities such as Google and Facebook and sold to companies with more nefarious goals, like Cambridge Analytica. One great hope of blockchain technology is that it could help create a new version of the internet that puts control of privacy and trust back into the hands of its users. In this episode we speak with David Chaum, cryptographer and creator of Digicash, Rebecca Lerner, Executive Vice President of the Mad Network, Reuben Yap, COO of Zcoin and Patrick Byrne, CEO of Overstock.com and Executive Chairman of tZERO.

"Chaum's work would inspire a group of cryptographers, hackers and activists, connected through a mailing list. It was this group — which included DigiCash contributors like Nick Szabo and Zooko Wilcox-O'Hearn — that would come to be known as the cypherpunks."Link to the Bitcoin Magazine article by Aaron Van Wirdum:https://bitcoinmagazine.com/articles/genesis-files-how-david-chaums-ecash-spawned-cypherpunk-dream/ --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/bitcoinaudible/message

"Chaum’s work would inspire a group of cryptographers, hackers and activists, connected through a mailing list. It was this group — which included DigiCash contributors like Nick Szabo and Zooko Wilcox-O’Hearn — that would come to be known as the cypherpunks."Link to the Bitcoin Magazine article by Aaron Van Wirdum:https://bitcoinmagazine.com/articles/genesis-files-how-david-chaums-ecash-spawned-cypherpunk-dream/ --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/thecryptoconomy/message

In Brief Your Internet Service Provider is underperforming and over charging. However, mesh networking combined with the micropayment capabilities state channel technology offers will soon provide a prosumer alternative to the aging, legacy solutions. Whether you live in Auckland, Oakland, Paris, or Shanghai your internet performance is probably limited by the poor performance of last mile Internet Service Providers. A decentralized solution to this problem called mesh networking has been deployed by a number of communities to provide higher performing and often free internet. The is one problem however. Paying nodes to relay information is difficult when they may be connected to many other nodes and peers relaying very small amounts of traffic from each. The aggregate of this traffic is large but the individual payments requires are numerous and often so small that transaction costs consume much of the potential revenue. Enter Ethereum State Channels. Since the beginning of the field of cryptocurrency in 1985 with David Chaum's canonical white paper Security Without Identification, micro transactions have been a chief value proposition. State channels reduce the cost of a cryptocurrency transaction to purely the cost of sending the data concerned. Using these tools, incentivized mesh networking is now possible. Jehan Tremback is a developer and friend of ConsenSys building a system using all these technologies. This interview was originally concerned with his state channels work dubbed “Avocado” developed with consulting from rockstar developers Ameen Soleimani and Martin Köppelmann but just as interesting is the Althea mesh network. Content: Jehan Tremback, Arthur Falls Be sure to follow the show on iTunes & Soundcloud https://twitter.com/jtremback http://altheamesh.com/