Archaeological site in Punjab, Pakistan
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2 episodes with Harappa
3 episodes with Harappa
2 episodes with Harappa
2 episodes with Harappa
2 episodes with Harappa
2 episodes with Harappa
2 episodes with Harappa
3 episodes with Harappa
Tamil Nadu has the largest Iron-Age urn burial site. We must look beyond our Harappa frenzy
Anuj sits down with Uzma Rizvi - an anthropological archaeologist to explore a fascinating journey through her field, and the history of one of the world's oldest civilizations, in the Indus Valley. Uzma shares many stories and insights into the way in which archaeologists study and piece together the past, and how she uniquely works with many contemporary disciplines to both understand the past, and also connect it to our present moment. Uzma also shares unique insights on how decolonization of the field and our use of certain ways of framing conversations are problematic and in need of reflection. Uzma shares her thoughts on the role technology, and in particular, AI, may play in the field of archaeology. Uzma and Anuj also reflect on the situation in Gaza in January 2024, and the place and practice of hope and our current moment in time. Dr. Uzma Z. Rizvi is an anthropological archaeologist, and currently a professor at the Pratt Institute. Uzma received a PhD in Anthropology from the University of Pennsylvania, followed by a postdoctoral fellowship at Stanford University. She specializes in the archaeology of the first cities, while teaching anthropology, ancient urbanism, new materialisms, critical heritage studies, decolonization/the postcolonial critique, and social practice. (source: https://www.pratt.edu/people/uzma-z-rizvi/) Special Guest: Uzma Rizvi.
The Indus Valley Civilization was a cultural and political entity which flourished in the northern region of the Indian subcontinent between c. 7000 - c. 600 BCE. Its modern name derives from its location in the valley of the Indus River, but it is also commonly referred to as the Indus-SarasvatiCivilization and the Harrapan Civilization. These latter designations come from the Sarasvati River mentioned in Vedic sources, which flowed adjacent to the Indus River, and the ancient city of Harappa in the region, the first one found in the modern era. None of these names derive from any ancient texts because, although scholars generally believe the people of this civilization developed a writing system (known as Indus Script or Harappan Script) it has not yet been deciphered. Article written by JoshuaJ Mark and narrated by Lianne Walker
In this episode we discuss the major other Harappan sites: Harappa, Rakhigarhi, Lothal, Kalibangan, Dholavira, Ganweriwala --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/history0/message
Part 1 - Venture into the past through the cities of Mohenjodaro and Harappa. --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/sowram/message
इस हफ़्ते सिंधु घाटी सभ्यता की सैर लेखक और कलाकार निखिल गुलाटी के साथ जो हमें इस सभ्यता की कई परिचित-अपरिचित बातों से वाकिफ कराते है। This week, a delightful conversation with writer-illustrator Nikhil Gulati aka Oddball Comics, who takes us through the many fascinating aspects of the Indus Valley Civilization through his graphic novel ‘The People of the Indus'. The People of the Indus by Nikhil Gulati with Jonathan Mark Kenoyer https://amzn.eu/d/8VsMDkp Oddball Comics https://www.oddballcomics.in/ ***** related Puliyabaazi ***** #99 सच की खोज: एक Archaeologist से मुलाक़ात ft. Disha Ahluwalia https://puliyabaazi.in/video/99-sc-kii-khoj-ek-archaeologist-se-mulaaqaat-ft-disha-ahluwalia सभी का ख़ून है शामिल यहाँ की मिट्टी में. We are all foreigners. https://puliyabaazi.in/episode/sbhii-kaa-khhuun-hai-shaamil-yhaa-kii-mittttii-me-we-are-all-foreigners भारतीय भाषाओँ में हमारे अतीत के सुराग़. Clues to our past in Indian languages. https://puliyabaazi.in/episode/bhaartiiy-bhaassaao-me-hmaare-atiit-ke-suraaghh-clues-to-our-past-in-indian-languages ***************** Website: https://puliyabaazi.in Write to us at puliyabaazi@gmail.com Hosts: @saurabhchandra @pranaykotas @thescribblebee Puliyabaazi is on these platforms: Twitter: @puliyabaazi Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/puliyabaazi/ Subscribe & listen to the podcast on iTunes, Google Podcasts, Castbox, AudioBoom, YouTube, Spotify or any other podcast appSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.
India developed one of the most advanced astronomies of any of the ancient cultures, even rivaling European astronomy in its accuracy by the 18th century. We look at how the geography of India influenced its history and then turn briefly to the little we know about the astronomy of the Harappan Civilization. Finally we end with the astronomy of the Rigveda.
Espacio patrocinado por https://www.edicionesplanooculto.es/ El tema de esta semana: HARAPPA: LA MISTERIOSA CIVILIZACIÓN QUE DESAPARECIÓ MISTERIOSAMENTE La civilización Harappa floreció en una tierra bendecida por la fertilidad y la abundancia de dos ríos sagrados: el Indo y el Saraswati...¡No te lo puedes perder! Desvelando el misterio: A CASA DO DEMO:EL PRIMER CASO DE POLTERGEIST DOCUMENTADO EN ESPAÑA Sígueme en Spreaker: https://www.spreaker.com/show/plano-oculto-misterio Sígueme en Podimo: https://podimo.com/en/shows/plano-oculto-misterio ¿Tienes experiencias fuera de lo “normal”? ¿Has tenido sensaciones extrañas? ¿Has tenido visitas desde el otro lado? ¿Has contactado con seres extraterrestres? Si lo deseas , lo puedes compartir con nosotros y con toda la audiencia con una nota de audio en nuestro WhatsApp +34-643 03 07 74 , un WhatsApp o un correo electrónico: planoocultomisterio@gmail.com y con vuestro permiso lo emitiremos en el programa. También pueden enviar un sms al móvil. Lola Moreno te responde en el programa o en privado. Lola Moreno lleva más de 40 años investigando lo oculto. Plano Oculto es un programa de misterio dirigido y presentado por Lola Moreno Vías de contacto: Twitter:@lolamorenoradio WhatsApp: +34-643 03 07 74 Email: planoocultomisterio@gmail.com Web del programa: https://planooculto.weebly.com/ https://zeno.fm/radio/radiotrending/ https://radiotrending.weebly.com/ Todos los derechos reservados --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/planooculto/message
Welcome to another episode of Habits Matter, the podcast that's nearly as old as Harappa! We're delighted to host Sumedha Bakhshi, one of the country's leading practitioners and diversity, equity and inclusion (DE&I) experts who's currently leading talent management and organizational development at @Amazon. In this candid chat, she's talks about the cautious optimism she feels over DE&I awareness at workplaces and an interesting ‘3Is' approach to bring about meaningful change — from Individual to Interpersonal to institutional.
Namaste Vannakam Divine Beings, I am Nandhiji. My ancestors are the Pandyas. The Sengol was the traditional process of transfer of power of Consciousness in Dharma of all southern kings- the Cholas, Pandyas, Cheras & the smaller dynasties, going beyond in time to earliest Sangam - the Tamil age of Lemuria preceding the Mohenjo Daro & Harappa civilization. The Sengol is referred to mostly as Dharma Danda throughout the Indian subcontinent as the rule by righteousness. The Mahabharatham wisdom of Bheeshma illustrates the highest principles of governance by way of the Dharma Danda. From a word which a few knew, Sengol is now in the thought of every Indian as the world learns of the sublime leadership principles of humanity. Prime Minister Modiji rightfully assumes the Sengol leadership to usher India as a responsible global superpower. The Sengol represents the highest aspiration of each of us awake as in the new Parliament. This transitional period of Mother India assuming the role of Viswa Guru to humanity is the Sengol mark of history in our times. The Sengol's origin is of Thiruvannalalai Lord Siva, the Pillar of Light- Source of Consciousness.The Sengol is the life leadership we assume. The 18 empowering wisdom of the Sengol is enlightened self mastery and each of us together in intent, prayers and realities as One people. 1Sengol holds the first teachings of Mother India in the greetings to each other- Namaste! We realize each other as Divine. We worship each other. We realize Ahimsa, nonviolence as the highest principle of the land. 2Nandhi the sacred bull of Lord Siva is our mind awake in Consciousness in unions with God, Goddess, Absolute, Almighty, Source, Light. Nandhi is the Adi Guru, the first Gurus realized within ourselves. 3Sengol is the enlightened wisdom of the vedanta, advaita. All awake masters across the globe through history attained the threshold of singularity in knowing the eternal truth- Sanatana Dharma, the religion of the Liberated. 4Sengol represents our true awake nature of being the Cosmic Child Lord Muruga Sengolanathar- the Leader of Consciousness unlimited in the power of infinity. 5The Sacred Staff Danda is the Pillar of Light within each of us awake and arising upwards through the 33 vertebrae spine to shine in all our potentials. 6Sengol is the reverence of the Divine Feminine. Where Women are respected and honored as Shakti, the land thrives in happiness. 7Sengol is Yogam, the blessings of yoga as in health & vitality, harmony and peace, love and fulfillment, joy and inspiration, knowledge and wisdom. 8Sengol is the collective tapas grace of all Sages with intent- Saivam Vetri, the leadership greetings of King Raja Raja Chola. 9Sengol is the vortex of collective Consciousness that protects each other, the nation in defense & security, and all of humanity in safety. 10Sengol ushers prosperity for all. Where consciousness is, abundance, genius, creativity, foresight, intelligence & intellect 8shines. 11Sengol is Leadership by might of Consciousness that is superior to limited physical strength. 12Sengol is our individual I becoming the We. In realizing ourselves beyond ego, We are unlimited - beyond mind and fate. We are masters of our destiny. 13Sengol is Dharma Danda, the seat of Consciousness of highest wisdom, righteousness and optimal decision making. 14Sengol is the evolution of the animal within to be the human and the human to be the Divine. We evolve as human civilization. 15Sengol represents the grace of our Ancestors. We bow in respect and love to our Elders. 16Sengol is the higher thinking that encourages science, freedo
“The cohort-based blended learning journeys at scale.” Debbie talks with Shreyasi Singh, CEO of Harappa, about her experience of coming to America from India and ambitiously scaling a new ed tech company. Links mentioned:Follow Shreyasi on LinkedIn
Doug — and seemingly the rest of the Sternum Island population — are cozy in the New Atlantis Sweat Lodge. Now who should show up but Tiberius Organ himself — new age guru and CEO of InnovoSol (among other things), and even though he's a busy man, he's got a lot to say… If you'd like to listen and/or read all the way to the conclusion of APOCALYPSE ROCK you can buy the audiobook through Audible (CA/UK/US) and the ebook on Kindle (CA/UK/US)
In this exciting new episode, Shantanu sits down with educational entrepreneur and McKinsey veteran, Pramath Raj Sinha.Join the conversation as they delve into Pramath's journey from his childhood to his successful career at McKinsey, and his return to India to establish multiple educational institutions like ISB, Ashoka, Vedica, and Harappa.Tune in to gain insights into entrepreneurship, leadership, and the power of education, all while enjoying an engaging conversation between two accomplished professionals.---------------------------------------------------------------Introduction: 00:00-2:30Pramath's childhood and being an only son: 2:30-7:48Why he left consulting: 7:50-8:22My grandfather, father have all been writers and poets: 8:36-10:08Printing press business: 10:10-14:54All my life I was told not to do business: 14:55-16:16Sister Manjari Jauhar: 16:24-21:08Fighting a civil case and becoming IPS: 21:51- 23:53Traditional thinking and changing ideas 25:16 - 26:50Being involved in writing: 28:32 - 29:40IIT and studying engineering: 29:45 - 35:10Being in college: 35:12 - 39:08IITs are like liberal education: 39:10 - 39:42Learning programming and problem solving: 39:40 - 41:53CAT 42:00 - 43:50 Getting a CS job: 43:00 - 44:50Getting into UPenn 45:15 - 46:56Financial support 47:00 - 47:59Why have you come here?: 48:00 - 49:00Jobs on campus 49:10 - 51:45Choosing courses 52:16 - 54:30Robotics: 54:36 - 55:43Getting a scholarship: 57:00 - 57:15Doing CS PhD 57:33 - 1:01:20Applying to Mckinsey: 1:01:21 - 1:10:14The India story: 1:10:26 - 1:11:06Imbibing a work ethic: 1:11:11 - 1:12:00The Russians and an elevator pitch 1:12:20 - 1:20:53“Did I screw up?” 1:21:00 - 1:25:50How to make others successful: 1:25:52 - 1:30:54Mentorship: 1:30:55 - 1:33:20Building a new school: 1:33:40 - 1:36:40ISB: 1:36:42 - 1:39:47Working with Wharton and Penn : 1:39:51 - 1:43:44Just do it: 1:45:22 - 1:47:21Ensuring outcomes in education 1:48:50 - 1:51:23Break the problem down for ISB/ ‘aha!' moment: 1:51:25 - 1:53:12Having stellar faculty: 1:53:55 - 1:56:20What does faculty need? 1:56:15 - 1:57:05Collective philanthropy 1:57:10 - 1:59:10Early days of Ashoka: 1:59:20 - 2:00:00Visiting faculty/Block teaching model 2:02:10 - 2:05:00Online learning 2:05:10 - 2:08:40Women are still getting left out: 2:09:16 - 2:09:54Getting away from grades and privatisation: 2:10:10 - 2:15:24Problem of scale and higher education: 2:16:35 - 2:20:47Rajat Gupta: 2:25:40 - 2:27:38Conclusion 2:47:00 - 2:49:07_____________________________________________________ABOUT OUR CHANNELMy name is Shantanu and I am the founder of Bombay Shaving Company and Bombae. I LOVE entrepreneurship. Personally, I would rate myself as an average (at best) entrepreneur, but I love great ones.The BarberShop with Shantanu S2: Raiser's Edge goes beyond our conversations from S1 on our podcast to tangible help. With the help of our sponsors at BSC and Bombae we have put together a season which brings together a corpus of 50+ equity seekers looking to support 20+ start-ups in their growth and success. We will be releasing an episode every Friday at 9 pm. Tune in and hope you enjoy. :)_____________________________________________________
From London Temporada 28: El programa de esta semana de La Luz del Misterio, en London Radio World, en el primer tramo hemos hablado sobre los nuevos bustos encontrados en Badajoz, España de una civilización que floreció en el triángulo formado por las actuales provincias de Huelga, Sevilla y Cádiz, y también en la zona de Badajoz durante el Bronce tardío. Algunos creen ver en esta civilización perdida la mismísima Atlántida. Dos rostros han sido capaces de cambiar la concepción de la historia de la humanidad. Son los primeros rostros de la cultura tartésica, encontrados en la quinta campaña de excavaciones realizadas por un equipo del CSIC en el yacimiento Casas de Turuñuelo de Badajoz. La razón por la que echan por tierra todas las teorías anteriores y provocan un cambio de paradigma es porque, hasta el momento del descubrimiento, se creía que Tartessos era una cultura anicónica que solo representaba la divinidad a través de motivos animales o vegetales. Luego hemos hecho un recorrido por los misterios del Ganges y el Indo, parándonos en lugares como Mohenjo-Daro y Harappa, las dos ciudades más antiguas del planeta. Mohenjo-daro fue construido en el siglo 26 a.C. Fue una de las ciudades más grandes de la antigua Civilización del Valle del Indo, también conocida como la Civilización Harappa. Se desarrolló alrededor del 3000 Antes de Cristo a partir de la cultura prehistórica del Indo. Mohenjo Daro, una de las ciudades más antiguas conocidas y erigida por la misteriosa Cultura del Valle del Indo, dicen que fue destruida por una bomba nuclear. una de las capitales de la misteriosa civilización del Valle del Indo. unas frases extraídas del texto sagrado hindú Mahabharata: “Una columna de humo incandescente y llama tan brillante como miles de soles en todo su esplendor, una explosión perpendicular generando una enorme columna de humo que generaba círculos concéntricos de ondas que se extendían como parasoles gigantes”. Un viaje apasionante en La Luz del Misterio guiados por Ángel Crespo. Síguenos a través de: edenex.es ZTR Radio.online London Radio World En Ivoox Itunes Spotify YouTube Si deseas apoyarnos: https://www.ivoox.com/ajx-apoyar_i1_support_29070_1.html SI DESEAS SALUDARNOS DESDE CUALQUIER PUNTO DEL PLANTA PUEDES HACERLO A TRAVÉS DE NUESTRO WHATSAPP 00 44 7378 880037 Más información: laluzdelmisterioradio.blogspot.com laluzdelmisterio@gmail.com #angelcrespo #ganges #indo #mohenjodaro #harappa #bombanuclear #juliobarroso #laluzdelmisterio
From London Temporada 28: El programa de esta semana de La Luz del Misterio, en London Radio World, en el primer tramo hemos hablado sobre los nuevos bustos encontrados en Badajoz, España de una civilización que floreció en el triángulo formado por las actuales provincias de Huelga, Sevilla y Cádiz, y también en la zona de Badajoz durante el Bronce tardío. Algunos creen ver en esta civilización perdida la mismísima Atlántida. Dos rostros han sido capaces de cambiar la concepción de la historia de la humanidad. Son los primeros rostros de la cultura tartésica, encontrados en la quinta campaña de excavaciones realizadas por un equipo del CSIC en el yacimiento Casas de Turuñuelo de Badajoz. La razón por la que echan por tierra todas las teorías anteriores y provocan un cambio de paradigma es porque, hasta el momento del descubrimiento, se creía que Tartessos era una cultura anicónica que solo representaba la divinidad a través de motivos animales o vegetales. Luego hemos hecho un recorrido por los misterios del Ganges y el Indo, parándonos en lugares como Mohenjo-Daro y Harappa, las dos ciudades más antiguas del planeta. Mohenjo-daro fue construido en el siglo 26 a.C. Fue una de las ciudades más grandes de la antigua Civilización del Valle del Indo, también conocida como la Civilización Harappa. Se desarrolló alrededor del 3000 Antes de Cristo a partir de la cultura prehistórica del Indo. Mohenjo Daro, una de las ciudades más antiguas conocidas y erigida por la misteriosa Cultura del Valle del Indo, dicen que fue destruida por una bomba nuclear. una de las capitales de la misteriosa civilización del Valle del Indo. unas frases extraídas del texto sagrado hindú Mahabharata: “Una columna de humo incandescente y llama tan brillante como miles de soles en todo su esplendor, una explosión perpendicular generando una enorme columna de humo que generaba círculos concéntricos de ondas que se extendían como parasoles gigantes”. Un viaje apasionante en La Luz del Misterio guiados por Ángel Crespo. Síguenos a través de: edenex.es ZTR Radio.online London Radio World En Ivoox Itunes Spotify YouTube Si deseas apoyarnos: https://www.ivoox.com/ajx-apoyar_i1_support_29070_1.html SI DESEAS SALUDARNOS DESDE CUALQUIER PUNTO DEL PLANTA PUEDES HACERLO A TRAVÉS DE NUESTRO WHATSAPP 00 44 7378 880037 Más información: laluzdelmisterioradio.blogspot.com laluzdelmisterio@gmail.com #angelcrespo #ganges #indo #mohenjodaro #harappa #bombanuclear #juliobarroso #laluzdelmisterio
This episode covers the large footnote at the end of the chapter from: “The amulet was an astrally produced object... To... “...were profoundly influenced by its study” In this ‘light' episode we take a closer look at the multitudinous subjects covered in the footnote at the end of the chapter. The matters were clearly important enough for Paramahansa Yogananda to fill a full page of footnotes, so they are definitely deserving of our attention. 0:00 Summary of episode; 3:33 Amulet references in rest of the book and wider culture; 20:35 Mantra – consecrated sound; 26:17 Threefold aspects of divinity; 35:08 The inadequacy of English and beauty of Sanskrit; 55:46 Indus Valley Civilisation; 1:03:24 Western discovery of Sanskrit and rethinking history. Book referenced in the footnote, Wilson's The Miraculous Birth of Language: https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.462145/mode/2up Jyotirlingas: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jyotirlinga Recommended Sanskrit Primer: The Sanskrit Language: An Introductory Grammar and Reader by Maurer, Walter Harding https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indus_Valley_Civilisation https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohenjo-daro https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harappa https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lothal Homework for next episode— Read, absorb and make notes on the beginning of chapter 3 from: “Father, if I promise to return home...” To... “...affectionate references to my parent.” Bonus homework – reflect on the title of chapter 3, what does it mean to you now compared to when you first glanced at it? #autobiographyofayogi #autobiographylinebyline Autobiography of a Yogi awake.minute Self-Realization Fellowship #SRF
Episode Details & LinksToday I'm joined by my friends and gaming group members, Nate and Chris Pohl to discuss three different topics that each have three parts to them. Tricks of the Trade Information & LinksIn tricks of the trade we tackle a difficult challenge, trying to combine all three topics from our episode into three concepts that you can feel free to use at your gaming table.Knowledge Check References and LinksKishore, K. (2021, August 12). How to communicate better with the rule of three. Harappa. Retrieved February 18, 2023, from https://harappa.education/harappa-diaries/the-rule-of-three/ My Linktreehttps://linktr.ee/dungeonsdragonspsychology Keywords: dnd, D&D, dnd podcast, dungeons and dragons, podcast, ttrpg, rpg, roleplaying, roleplaying game, DM, dungeon master, game master, dnd ideas, Podcast Art by Kyle BaerlocherIntro music by 33nano from
SPEAKER:Disha Ahluwalia is an archeologist currently pursuing a PhD at MSU Baroda. She has worked as a field archaeologist for a decade including at sites like Binjor, Sinauli and Rakhigarhi.Explore More at - www.argumentativeindians.comDISCLAIMER:We invite thought leaders from across the ideological spectrum. The guests in our sessions express their independent views and opinions. Argumentative Indians does not profess to subscribe, agree or endorse the same or be in anyway responsible for the stance, words and comments of our guests.
Intrigued about Harappa and Mohenjodaro? Here's the story of one of the oldest and most urban civilization. Continued in the next episode. --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/rakeshh/message
In an exclusive chat, Pramath Sinha - founder of ISB, Harappa and Ashoka University - spoke to Yatish Rajawat - founder of Centre for Innovation in Public Policy - about the rapidly changing landscape of education triggered by the New Education Policy and technology.
Fearless, a risk taker yet leading with sensitivity and empathy. Meet Shreyasi Singh, Founder & CEO of Harappa, a learner-centered institution of the future committed to empowering its learners with Thrive Skills—an essential set of cognitive, social and behavioral skills to enable individuals to continuously succeed, at every stage of their career.Shreyasi's journey to entrepreneurship, and education, is itself symbolic of the diversity and opportunities of modern careers. She began her career as a journalist, and spent more than 10 years in media. In this innings, she worked across broadcast and print the highlight was being the editor of the Indian edition of Inc., the iconic American magazine on entrepreneurship. She's also written two books on entrepreneurship, including a bestsellser, The Wealth Wallahs, for which she was recognized with the Young Woman Author Award by India's Women Enterprise Awards; and a children's book on a woman entrepreneur. A few years back, she switched from business journalism to higher education, driven mainly by the opportunity to help build a women's-only management program. In this episode she talks about:How they started, what went well, how being led from a place of empathy and wanting to help, led to Harappa giving free access to a program that would help people in the pandemic cope led to an explosion in the B2C space, what she wishes she could do better on and so much more in this episode.
The first Human Literature of th world, The Rig Veda of the Hindu's is dated around 5000 BC It refers to River Sarasvati which flowed once in India and joined the Arabian Sea. Satellite images have confirmed that river Sarasvati existed and there have research papers stating that a Civilization flourished on the banks of the River Sarasvati.Please read my posts on this. Now there are research papers quoting the Rig Veda , and the recent archaeological evidence , state that there existed another River from the Himalayaso joining the Arabian Sea. And there were urban settlements , numbering around 800! And the same research also states that The RigVeda has also been speaking of this Land mass' culture. And adds that the Hindus lived even 50, 000 years ago practicing Sanatana Dharma. So, the scientists noticed that it appeared to be older than the European cultures. Since the European languages were related to the Indian language Sanskrit of the Vedas that could only mean that the European peoples had to have come out of India somehow and then gone to Europe with their languages that differentiated into Russian, English, Spanish, German and the rest of them. The European investigators didn't like that idea because it would have given the Vedic culture a position superior to their own. So, these early cities in the Indus Valley like Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro have been identified by archaeologists such as Richard Meadows and others as being non-Vedic. They think the Vedic culture came into India maybe 3500 years ago.Isn't that inconsistent with the concept of the Vedas of the Krishna character who comes and says the universe is teeming with life and appears to have knowledge about other habitations in the cosmos and is talking from an age that would go back at least 9,500 years?Isn't that inconsistent with the concept of the Vedas of the Krishna character who comes and says the universe is teeming with life and appears to have knowledge about other habitations in the cosmos and is talking from an age that would go back at least 9,500 years?In these ancient Sanskrit writings, there is no hint at all that the culture came from anywhere else.And if they are the prime source and if the Vedic literature can be taken literally, then it implies that there were cities there inhabited at least several thousand years ago. Yes, and there has been other research going on in that area. For example, the Rg Veda, which is one of the earliest Vedic literatures, talks about a mighty river called the Saraswati that flowed from the Himalayan mountains down to the Arabian Sea, down in that area of northwestern India. And such a river doesn't exist there today. So, what happened is that people thought therefore the Rg Veda cannot be talking about India. It has to be talking about some other place outside of India where there was some kind of river. But what happened that is quite interesting a few years ago is that archaeologists in India started studying the satellite photographs from American satellites like LANDSAT had been providing and they noticed there was a dry river channel that began up in the Himalayas, a huge river that went down almost to that Bay of Khambaht (Cambay) we are talking about (the location of the underwater city site). And then later, they found that on the banks of that river there were 800 to 1000 urban sites, archaeological sites.So, it does appear that what the Rg Veda was talking about, a mighty river lined with cities in India over 5,000 years ago – that has to be true. The last time that river had water in it was over 5,000 years ago?Is there a possibility that there could have been some sort of non-human co-habitation on the continent of India let's say 50,000 years ago that could explain all of the Vedas? Yes. In Kashmir, the valley of Kashmir, it appears it was many years ago a lake. More at https://ramanisblog.in/2014/04/28/hinduism-fifty-thousand-years-old-rig-veda/ --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/ramanispodcast/message
India's Urban Civilization, traceable to Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa, where Planned Urban Townships existed 5000 years ago. The survey of Indus Valley Civilization clearly provides an account of how advanced and organized the civilization was. 0:50- People 1:00- Food 1:23- Dress & Ornaments 2:30- Toys & Amusements 3:02- Household Articles 3:46- Weights & Measures 4:09- Domesticated Animals 4:21- Medicines 4:35- Weapons of War 4:48- Seals 5:23- Trade & Commerce 5:42- Art, Craft & Sculpture 6:49- Burial Rites 7:11- Religion 8:15- Destruction of Indus Valley Civilization #indusvalleycivilization #nitinSinghania #IndianArt&Culture #IndianHistory --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/venus-jain3/message
India's Urban Civilization, traceable to Mohenjodaro and Harappa, where Planned Urban Townships existed 5000 years ago. Some distinct features of this civilization are- Town Planning Both Mohen jo daro and Harappa were models of careful town planning. The principal streets all ran in straight lines either from north to south or from east to west in grid pattern and in places the main roads were 30 feet wide so that carts could pass without difficulty . Closed Drainage System The elaborate drainage system was a unique feature of the city .Almost every house had a well, drains and comfortable bathrooms ,For which pottery drain pipes and receptacles were laid down, communicating them with the street drain of gutter . Dwelling Houses The cities were fairly large and skill fully designed. The dwelling houses were many and they varied in size from a small building with two rooms to a palatial structure having a frontage of 85 ft and a depth of 97 ft .The outer walls were 4 to 5 ft thick. Great Granary at Harappa Among the larger buildings the great granary is the most remarkable and the largest building discovered at Harappa .It measures 6.15 meters by 15.5 meters. The granary was built with sufficient natural ventilation to prevent the grain from becoming mildewed. The Great Bath at Mohenjo daro The most imposing structure in the city was the great bath .It consisted of a large quadrangle in the centre with gallery's and rooms on all sides ,in some of which there were arrangements for hot water bath. The water was discharged by a large drain with a corbelled roof more than 2 metre in height. Dockyard Lothal engineers accorded high priority to the creation of a dockyard and a warehouse to serve the purposes of naval trade. The dock was built on the eastern flank of the town, and is regarded by archaeologists as an engineering feat of the highest order. It was located away from the main current of the river to avoid silting, but provided access to ships in high tide as well. It is speculated that Lothal engineers studied tidal movements, and their effects on brick-built structures, since the walls are of kiln-burnt bricks. The scientific survey of Indus Valley Civilization clearly provides an engineering feat of the highest order. #IndusValleyCivilization #ArchitectureInIndusValleyCivilization #CivilEngineeringIndusValleyCivilization #TownPlanningIndusValleyCivilization #GreatGranaryHarappa #TheGreatBathMohenjodaro #DockyardLothal #ClosedDrainageSystem #CitadelAcropolis --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/venus-jain3/message
Agriculture in India is not of recent origin, but has a long history dating back to Neolithic age. It was one of the main reasons of Neolithic revolution. It changed the life style of early man from nomadic hunter and gatherer to cultivator of land. Earliest evidence of agriculture is found from Mehrgarh (Which is now in Pakistan) which dates back to 7000 BC.The excavation of the Mehrgarh period sites that is around 8000-6000 BC throws some startling facts about Indian agriculture that began as early as 9000 BC. In the Indus Valley Civilisation, agriculture was generally practiced along the river banks most of which were flooded during the summer and monsoons. This flood every year deposited fresh alluvial silt, which was highly productive and for which no major furrowing and certainly no manures and irrigation were required. Harappa, Mohenjo-Daro, Dholavira, Rakhigarhi and Ganeriwala these were major sites of Indus Valley Civilisation. Archaeological evidence of an animal-drawn plough dates back to 2500 BC. Some animals thought to be vital for survival were worshiped. Trees were also domesticated and worshiped. Varahamihira wrote Brihat Samhita which was about Agriculture, plant protection from insects and manuring. Amarakosha a book by Amar Simha contains information on soil irrigation & agricultural implements, described 12 types of lands. #historyofagriculture #agriculturehistory #originofagriculture --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/venus-jain3/message
Journalist turned entrepreneur is the latest Inspirer on this popular podcast Inspire Someone Today. Shreyasi's journey to entrepreneurship, and higher education, is itself symbolic of the diversity and opportunities of modern careers. She is currently Founder & CEO, Harappa Education — an online education institution that aims to become a necessary and high-quality learning destination for all young professionals. Shreyasi is an alumnus of the Lady Shri Ram College for Women and the Indian Institute of Mass Communication. In this episode we discuss,The life and trails of a founder and entrepreneurThe changing trajectory of learningTrends in online learning over the yearsAdvice to wannabe entrepreneurs Responsibility of being a 2 percenterTimestamps The learnings, perks and sleepless nights of a CEO - 2:33Evolution of online education - 9:07The genesis of Harappa - 14:46Career transition decision points of Shreyasi - 22:33Power of 3 - 31:48Challenges of being an entrepreneur - 37:48Fostering teamwork - 43:48QuotesStudent debt is at the highest ever point and at the same point educating oneself is easier than ever - Paul GrahamEducation is not about content but also the contextYou become unique when your career stack is uniqueGiven a chance make the changeConnect with Shreyasi: Website, Book, and LinkedIn Do not miss to check out our new website and share your love https://inspiresomeonetoday.in/Subscribe, follow, and leave your comments to help me get better with my episodes. Available on all podcast platforms, including, Google Podcasts, Apple Podcasts, YouTube, Spotify, Stitcher, Castbox, RadioPublic, TuneIn, Gaana Jio Saavn, AudibleDo stay tuned for new episodes every alternate Friday. Next episode - Feb 4 '22.
A leader, creator, critical thinker and an inspiration to many, Shreyasi Singh is the Founder & CEO of Harappa, Reimagining Higher Education and spreading knowledge through Online Learning are her present areas of focus. It is her creative inquisitiveness she says that's been the torch that's nudged her towards exploring herself and consequently the world of possibilities available to her. Navigating us through her Second Act, her story reminds us the importance of being authentic to oneself! Key Highlights: It is extremely important to own your ambitions in order to be true to yourself Privilege begets responsibility. You might not be able to help a thousand people, but if you can be of assistance to even a couple it's a small step to a bigger change. Don't leave things to chance, act on your passions. Learn to lead yourself before you start leading others Why should you listen to the podcast: So often we choose the comfort of the known rather than dwelling into the new, most of these decisions lead to the stifling of one's creativity and extinguishes the curiosity within us. In this ever-evolving universe as new things surface each day, we too discover our hidden potentials and if the dilemma of how to deal with this bothers you too then this podcast will fill you with the vigor to be authentic to yourself so that whatever path you may choose, you'll be fully self-aware. --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/iiact/message
Episode 3 of The History of the Indian Sub-continent series takes us to the Indus Valley Civilization (IVC). Our panel journeys from the banks of the Oxus River to the Deccan plateau. We connect the genetic and archaeological dots, speculate about people whose scripts we are yet to decipher, talk about what they did for a living, their towns, and what are the missing blocks in our understanding of that age. The Dancing girl from Harappa makes an appearance as do textiles and we ask if the great bath of Mohenjo Daro was really the great bath or was it something else.
Sông Ấn – Nền Văn Minh Độc Nhất Vô Nhị Trong Lịch Sử Nhân Loại | Error 404 ----------------- Nền văn minh sông Ấn được mọi người chú ý lần đầu tiên, sau khi khai quật di chỉ tại Harappa vào thế kỷ 18. Giữa thế kỷ XIX, cục trưởng cục khảo cổ Kannihan khi đến Harappa lần thứ hai đã phát hiện ra một con dấu độc đáo, nhưng ông lại cho đó là vật được đưa từ nơi khác đến. Vì vậy, ông chỉ viết một tờ báo cáo đơn giản về việc khai quật này. 50 năm sau, không còn ai chú ý đến di chỉ này nữa. Thật không ngờ, trong một khu vực lấy Harappa làm trung tâm, các nhà khảo cổ đã phát hiện ra rất nhiều di chỉ của cùng một nền văn minh. Phát hiện này gây chấn động giới cả thế giới bởi phạm vi rộng lớn, với chiều dài Đông Tây 1600km, chiều dài Bắc Nam 1400km, quả thật là độc nhất vô nhị trên thế giới. #error404 #bíẩn #vănminhsôngấn
Sông Ấn – Nền Văn Minh Độc Nhất Vô Nhị Trong Lịch Sử Nhân Loại | Error 404 ----------------- Nền văn minh sông Ấn được mọi người chú ý lần đầu tiên, sau khi khai quật di chỉ tại Harappa vào thế kỷ 18. Giữa thế kỷ XIX, cục trưởng cục khảo cổ Kannihan khi đến Harappa lần thứ hai đã phát hiện ra một con dấu độc đáo, nhưng ông lại cho đó là vật được đưa từ nơi khác đến. Vì vậy, ông chỉ viết một tờ báo cáo đơn giản về việc khai quật này. 50 năm sau, không còn ai chú ý đến di chỉ này nữa. Thật không ngờ, trong một khu vực lấy Harappa làm trung tâm, các nhà khảo cổ đã phát hiện ra rất nhiều di chỉ của cùng một nền văn minh. Phát hiện này gây chấn động giới cả thế giới bởi phạm vi rộng lớn, với chiều dài Đông Tây 1600km, chiều dài Bắc Nam 1400km, quả thật là độc nhất vô nhị trên thế giới. #error404 #bíẩn #vănminhsôngấn
Nandi, according to a Siddhantic tradition, was is the chief guru of the eight disciples of Nandinatha Sampradaya, namely, Sanaka, Sanatana, Sanandana, Sanatkumara, Tirumular, Vyagrapada, Patanjali, and Sivayoga Muni, who were sent in eight different directions, to spread the wisdom. The Chamites of Vietnam believe that when they die, Nandi will come and take his soul to India.The word Nandi comes from the Tamil root word Nandhu, which means to grow or appear. In the Sanskrit word nandi, the divine guardian of Shiva-Nandigan has the same meaning. The worship of Shiva and Nandi can be traced back to the Indus Valley civilization. There are many bull-seals found in Harappa and Mohenjo daro, which indicate that the practice of worshipping the god has been around for thousands of years.Read about Nandi at https://mythlok.com/nandi/
Big Story: In today's Big Story we look at the political debate over ancient Indian history given the RSS' promises to develop Rakhigarhi—the Harappan site— as "a centre of ancient culture of the country".Food for Thought: In our Food for Thought segment we will talk about the perils of cosmetic procedures on account of an ex Supermodel Linda Evangelista going public about her horrific experience with something called 'CoolSculpting'What are we roasting?1) Taking an Uber is worse for the environment than driving your own car2) People who ‘can't fit into jeans they wore aged 21' risk developing diabetesWhat are we toasting?1) Mr Goxx—a German hamster who trades in crypto currencies 2) A Twitter thread that matched Met Gala looks to… Book Covers!Check out more athttps://splainer.in/Find us on social media:Instagram | Twitter | FacebookYou can listen to this show and other awesome shows on the IVM Podcasts app on Android: https://ivm.today/android or iOS: https://ivm.today/ios, or any other podcast app.You can check out our website at https://shows.ivmpodcasts.com/featured
Photo: In northwest India Mohenjo Daro, with Harappa perhaps the earliest urban center on Earth, was flourishing 4,500 years ago and did so for a good thousand years. (screen grab) CBS Eye on the World with John Batchelor CBS Audio Network @Batchelorshow Michael Auslin #Unbound. The complete, twenty-minute interview. May 12, 2021. LXX GLXXG Asia's New Geopolitics: Essays on Reshaping the Indo-Pacific, by Michael R. Auslin Format: Kindle Edition https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B08563RW9H/ref=dbs_a_def_rwt_bibl_vppi_i0 The Indo-Pacific is fast becoming the world's dominant region. Now, as it grows in power and wealth, geopolitical competition has reemerged, threatening future stability not merely in Asia but around the globe. China is aggressive and uncooperative, and increasingly expects the world to bend to its wishes. The focus on Sino-US competition for global power has obscured "Asia's other great game": the rivalry between Japan and China. A modernizing India risks missing out on the energies and talents of millions of its women, potentially hampering the broader role it can play in the world. And in North Korea, the most frightening question raised by Kim Jong-un's pursuit of the ultimate weapon is also the simplest: Can he control his nukes? In Asia's New Geopolitics: Essays on Reshaping the Indo-Pacific, Michael R. Auslin examines these and other key issues transforming the Indo-Pacific and the broader world. He also explores the history of American strategy in Asia, from the 18th century through today. Taken together, Auslin's essays convey the richness and diversity of the region: with more than three billion people, the Indo-Pacific contains over half of the global population, including the world's two most populous nations, India and China. In a riveting final chapter, Auslin imagines a war between America and China in a bid for regional hegemony and what this conflict might look like.
Hace 4.500 años, la región de Kachchh jugó un papel fundamental en el desarrollo de una antigua y avanzada cultura, la Civilización del Indo. Hablamos con los investigadores que están estudiando a fondo la región con el objetivo de entender el origen de esta cultura que se desarrolló al oeste de la India.
Receiving feedback sucks...until it doesn't. Inside, we uncover the power of positive feedback, break down fair feedback into its primary principles, and find out if your boss has been dropping truth bombs—or just bombs. Meet Ruchira Chaudhary, Leadership Coach and Author, “Coaching: The Secret Code to Uncommon Leadership”; Neeraj Sharma, Director, Product, Harappa; and Dhruv Mehra, Associate Director, Consumer, Harappa. This is Season 5 of Habits Matter. We're going behind the scenes of common work problems and asking questions like: how do you present effectively? Get that job? Or decode feedback? This episode was hosted remotely by Harappa Founder & CEO, Shreyasi Singh. Follow @habits.matter on Instagram.
Punjab is home to one of the most dynamic, diverse and ancient cultural traditions in South Asia. And it is this rich cultural heritage of stories, music and drama that gave rise to the film industry in Lahore.
Al Pakistan tot passa per l'Indus i la seva
Al Pakistan tot passa per l'Indus i la seva
On this episode, Cyrus is joined by author Namit Arora to talk about Namit's latest book 'Indians: A Brief History of A Civilization'. Namit and Cyrus get into his book, how he got interested in the subject, and a lot more. They discuss how Namit got started with writing after college, how he got interested with history, him getting an engineering degree and going to US for grad school and then working in Silicon Valley, getting interested in ancient cultures, and more. Namit further goes on to talk about his trip to Mexico and getting blown away by the ruins of the Mayan and the Aztec civilizations, getting fascinated by lost cities, how one tends to look back at one's history and roots a lot more when one is away from their own country, getting an outsider's view of your own culture, and lots more.Namit also mentions going to the famous ancient Nalanda University, wondering what a day in the life of students there was like, how Buddhism was expelled from India at some point and how the country was reminded of it, the Harappan Civilizations being the beginning of civilization, the first indoor toilets being made at the Indus Valley civilizations, no evidence of there being temples or a priestly class, no evidence of war or weapons at Harappa, and a lot more fascinating stuff on this episode. Namit also talks briefly about Gobekli Tepe, an ancient archaeological site in Turkey, discovered only in the 90's. Cyrus and Namit also talk about Namit's other books, namely 'The Lottery of Birth' and 'Love and Loathing in Silicon Valley'. Tune in to this truly fascinating episode.Check out Namit's latest book: https://www.amazon.in/dp/0670090433/ref=cm_sw_r_wa_apa_glt_fabc_3ABXHSDTQ7R97CFVRGSWFollow Namit on Twitter: https://twitter.com/NamitArora0Also, subscribe to Cyrus' YouTube channel: https://youtube.com/channel/UCHAb9jLYk0TwkWsCxom4q8AYou can follow Antariksh on Instagram @antariksht: https://instagram.com/antarikshtDo send in AMA questions for Cyrus by tweeting them to @cyrussaysin or e-mailing them at whatcyrussays@gmail.comDon't forget to follow Cyrus Broacha on Instagram @BoredBroacha (https://www.instagram.com/boredbroacha)In case you're late to the party and want to catch up on previous episodes of Cyrus Says you can do so at: www.ivmpodcasts.com/cyrussaysYou can listen to this show and other awesome shows on the new and improved IVM Podcasts App on Android: https://ivm.today/androidor iOS: https://ivm.today/ioshttps://ivm.today/ios
Episode 5 of the #AskAbhijit show: Indian History - Your Best Questions Answered. Questions for this episode: ► Was there any ethical Turko-Mughal ruler? ► What caused the destruction of Harappa, Mohenjo-Daro and the Indus Valley Civilization? ► How old is the Ramayana? Why don't we find evidence in Ayodhya? ► Who were the Indo-Greeks? Who was Menander? ► Are the people of North-East India Mongolians? ► Who are Europe's Romani people? Are they Romanians? Why are they marginalized even today? ► Is Sinauli a Mahabharata-era archaeological site? What is its relevance in India's history? ► Are Buddhism and Hinduism different religions? ► Why are there no royal palaces in India even though there were many great empires? ► History of the Chavda dynasty ► How did the taboo of crossing the sea originate in Indian society? ► Why was India partitioned? Did the people of India desire a partition? ► Connect with me online here: YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/AbhijitChavda Twitter: http://twitter.com/AbhijitChavda Facebook: http://facebook.com/AbhijitLChavda Instagram: http://instagram.com/Abhijit.Chavda Website: http://AbhijitChavda.com
ST_20171022_Collapse_of_Harappa_and_Southern_India_Coming_aliv.mp3
This podcast is available in iTunes, Google, Spotify, and many other pod catchers. Subscribe here: https://feed.podbean.com/teatimeteaching/feed.xml In this episode we a going to complete our brief tour of early civilizations in the Neolithic era. We will begin with a quick discussion of the Indus River Valley civilizations, then travel to Ancient China, and finally take a look at Meso-American systems. This podcast is a proud member of Edjacent, a design collaborative made up of educators who dream of a better world for our students and their teachers. We create, write, talk, teach and learn about the things that matter most in education. To find out more, point your browser to www.edjacent.org. One thing we all have in common is that we've been to school. So, if you would like to contribute to the pod in any way, if you have a story to share, long, short, tragic, or comic, if you have comments to make about the podcast, or just want to say “hi”, you can send an email to TeachersTeaTimePod@gmail.com or alternatively you can send emails to me directly using mark@edjacent.org I love to read what you have to say. If social media is your thing, you can follow me on Twitter @markdiacop. You can find our contact information, copies of the show notes, and you can download previous episodes of the podcast at www.teachersteatimepod.com The podcast artwork was created by Phaedra. Opening and closing music is by Bryan Boyko. Transcript: It is argued that the civilizations that developed in the Indus River Valley were even more advanced than those in ancient Mesopotamia and Egypt. At its height, the Indus-Sarasvati, or Harappan civilization extended for more than 1 million square kilometers from the Arabian Sea to the Ganges. We know that around 7000 BCE there were permanent agricultural settlements there, and by 2500 BCE the area was populated by an estimated 5 million people. On the banks of the Indus, the cities of Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro grew. Streets were planned in a grid system with wide roads. Houses were built from mud bricks and were often raised. These cities also had a sewer system, and a water supply. It is often assumed that even the poorest citizens had a better standard of living than in Mesopotamia, but we cannot know for sure. What we do know is that throughout the second millennium BCE, the area was populated by Aryan groups who settled from the steppes (an area that stretched from modern day Eastern Europe – the Ukraine, through to the south of Russia in to today's Kazakhstan, and Turkmenistan). Don't get these Aryans mistaken for the cos-play supremacists who claim that white folks are Aryans. That is something completely different, and dangerous, whose connections are rooted in 19th century Colonial and Fascist ideologies). These Aryans are important, though, as they wrote down a collection of stories from the area, known as the Vedas. These are the oldest known stories told, from as long ago as 7000 BCE. Their writing formed the basis for the literate society that traded with the other civilization to it's East and West. With this literacy, and no doubt it's advanced societal needs, came a need for learning. While we don't have any evidence of formal places of education, as we do in Egypt or Mesopotamia, we can assume that there were complex institutions that served as places of learning. We know that as a culture, they mastered astronomy, time, elementary mathematics, and medicine, plus their religious lore and writes needed to be learned and shared, and as always in a complex society, there needed to me an administration, so we can assume that there was some formal education based around learning the Indus script. However, we have little evidence of an education process. Climate change caused the monsoons and floods to lessen and change in predictability, and the way of life in this region began to change over a period around 600BCE. Larger cities were abandoned for smaller villages, and so we are left with more questions about this fascinating period of human history. Part Two: At the same time as civilizations were beginning along River Valleys in Africa, the Middle East, and the Indian subcontinent, so life began to change in Ancient China too. As early civilizations grew along river valleys here, so did writing, and a subsequent need to spread, and control who gets access to that knowledge. Early hieroglyph writings emerged in China around 2000 BCE, and professional institutions were created to teach knowledge and writing, akin to what we have seen in other early civilizations. We know the first schools in Ancient china were establishes during the Xia dynasty (2070 BCE – 1600 BCE) – please excuse any poor pronunciations on my part. To the East of the Capital of the Zhou dynasty (1046 – 221 BCE) stood buildings where the children of the nobility were educated. To the west were buildings where ordinary children could be educated. Throughout the region, a state and local school system soon developed. State schools were for children of the nobility. There were elementary schools and colleges. Village schools, also known as local schools, were divided into four levels. It was possible that a poorer student could pass through all four levels and get into college. This implies that education may have provided a pathway for upward mobility. We don't know how or who paid for education and schooling, but we can assume that it was privately funded. These schools taught writing, mathematics, and rooted instruction in Confucian Philosophy. Now when Emperor Qin Si Huang, the first emperor of a unified state, took over. He abolished the private schools, wanting a more centralized control of education, and forbade people to read Confucian classic texts. Indeed, he gave orders that Confucian books were to be burned and scholars of Confucianism were to be burned alive. He wanted to establish an education system based on legalist principles. Without going into too much detail legalism was a philosophy which sought to organize society, using reward and punishment. Akin to modern-day autocracies, it was felt important to educate people on how to be compliant citizens in society, as opposed to how to be participatory citizens who look to improve societies. State bureaucracies grew in this period, and rulers increasingly needed educated, thoughtful, and scholarly administrators to run the empire. Thus, the education system was reformed to make people compliant, and to provide a number or competent administrators to make sure things run efficiently. It would be another 1000 years until the development of the civil service examination, but the beginnings of a bureaucracy supported by an education system can be seen growing at this time. Indeed, over the next 800 years, there would be a swing from private schools, which could follow their own philosophy and education method, to state schools which were more centralized and controlling. This struggle between the compliance of legalism, and the more humanistic philosophies of Confucianism, Taoism, and much later, Buddhism, would continue until the last emperor and the introduction of communism in the 20th century. Meanwhile, in Mesoamerica, there were similar evolutions of civilizations. For example, by 1000 BCE the Olmec were established and had developed their own writing system, as had The Maya. We know more about the Mayan civilization in this ancient period. We know they developed an accurate calendar, counting 365 days in a year, as well as maintained a 260 day calendar and a 360 day calendar for use in agriculture, religious holidays, and “understanding the present so that we might know the past, and predict the future”. This civilization also recorded a better understanding of medicine and anatomy than even the Greeks in Europe – all this knowledge needed to be learned by those who needed to know it. In the case of Mayan civilization, this was the nobility and leadership. It is a common theme in these societies that as soon as we get a social structure, those in charge realize that knowledge and literacy is an important commodity, and therefore only their own children need to have access to it. This would be different to the later Aztecs and the Incas further south, but as they come later, there is more that we need to know before we return to this area of the world. So, with the Neolithic revolution, we see the emergence of writing and what we would consider modern civilization, with knowledge and literacy as a key commodity, leading to issues of power and control of society, in five key areas at about the same time. In Mesopotamia and Ancient Egypt, we have clear evidence of schools and schooling. In the Indus River Valley, we know that there were complex cities which needed organizing, we know that there was a need for scribes and scholars, and we know that this all had to be learned. This is similar to Olmec and Mayan civilizations where we know that writing emerged, and complex societies developed, and we know they developed some important knowledge that needed learning and preserving – but we don't have evidence of an education system as we know it. Then we have China, where formal education developed along with writing and philosophy. In China, we see the emergence of a centralized education system used to control and promote social classes, as well as private schools and colleges which followed their own philosophies and curricula.
"Bill from Japan"In this episode Bill and I talk a lot about how it is to be an expat, but also about music, metal music in particular. Bill, American born in Germany, has been living in Japan for almost three decades. Bill is also a part-time musician in the band Harappa. We talk about culture, music, bands, metal music , parenthood as an expat and how it is to be 6' tall in Japan ;) https://soundcloud.com/harappabandhttps://www.youtube.com/channel/UCdt9YJjY7MmXryScwQb_A9Qhttps://www.facebook.com/harappaband/Songs in this episode: Harappa - Prison of the FleshHarappa - Koyaanisqatsi
A century of excavations at Harappa in the Punjab reveal a world of details about daily life and cultural interaction at the dawn of civilization.
On this episode, Cyrus is joined by Vinit Bajpai, Entrepreneur and Bestselling Author, Founder & CEO - Magnon and Talentrack, to talk to Cyrus about his two varied sides, one of a writer and the other of a businessman. They talk about Vinit's books and the inspiration behind them, how he started his agency 'Magnon' from a small shed at the age of 22, how Magnon is today counted amongst the Top 10 advertising groups in India, how he didn't keep any backups like a regular job, how the number '3' plays such a prominent role in Vinit's life, how he was started his startup with just Rs. 14,000, how much of a hand luck has to play in a person's success, how hardwork can't be emphasised enough, how Talentrack is changing the casting process for movies, ads, TV shows, etc, and lots lots more.They also talk about Vinit's bestselling books, the Harappa trilogy and the Mastaan trilogy - the latest book in the series '1857: The Sword of Mastaan', how he got into writing in the first place, and tons more.Follow Vinit on Twitter & Instagram: Vineet_Bajpai and https://instagram.com/vineet.bajpaiYou can follow Antariksh on Instagram @antariksht: https://instagram.com/antarikshtDo send in AMA questions for Cyrus by tweeting them to @cyrussaysin or e-mailing them at whatcyrussays@gmail.comDon't forget to follow Cyrus Broacha on Instagram @cyrus_broacha ( https://www.instagram.com/cyrus_broacha )In case you're late to the party and want to catch up on previous episodes of Cyrus Says you can do so at: www.ivmpodcasts.com/cyrussaysYou can listen to this show and other awesome shows on the new and improved IVM Podcasts App on Android: https://ivm.today/androidor iOS: https://ivm.today/ios
The unraveling of Indian History is an arduous task. It is more confounding when one tries to sort out the relationship and antiquity of Sanskrit and other regional languages like Tamil Kannada( I have done some research in these but yet to study other languages, I am sure I will have more surprises when I go with an open mind). Now that I have explored a little on Sanatana Dharma, Sanskrit and their relationship with them, Iam convinced that Tamil and Sanatana Dharma/Sanskrit is quite ancient and our present reading of History does not do just do justice to any of them. Facts. 1.Tamil kings were present during the Swayamvara of Nala and Damayanthi,Lord Rama. 2.Shiva worship in the South preceded Vedic Texts. 3.Thiruvannamalai is 3.9 Million years old. 4.Tirupathi is 2100 million years old. 5.There is a million year old Tamil site near Chennai. 6.Jwalapuram near Cuddapah, Rayalaseema is 74000 years old where Nataraja Idol is found. 7.Agastya's travel to South India has been documented at around 5000 BC and another around 21 000 years ago. 8.Velirs, A Dynasty of Kings were brought from Dwaraka to South India by Agastya. 9.Tamil Brahmi script is found in Harappa. 10.Satavrata Manu, ancestor of Lord Rama migrated from Dravida Desa. 11.Satyavrata Manu meditated near Madagascar. 12.Shiva's Trinetra Dance is performed among the Aborigines of Australia. 13.There is speculation that Daksha hid in the Antarctic. 14.Due to Tectonic plate movement India was near Arctic a long time ago. 15.It is probable that India moved near Antarctic as well. 16.The cultural exchange between South and North was quite frequent and very close. 17.Rama supported the Lemurians in their war against the Atlanteans. 18. Traces of Tamil language and Tamil culture is found among the tribes of North West of India and the South west of present Iran. Now a new theory suggests that Tamil Elam was present in the area surrounding Iran and Tamil in its rudimentary form is found there even new. The word Tamil Elam is from the usage of the same word in the same sense by the Elamie civilisation. McAlpin (1975) in his study identified some similarities between Elamite and Dravidian. He proposed that 20% of Dravidian and Elamite vocabulary are cognates while 12% are probable cognates. He further proposed that Elamite and Dravidian possess similar second-person pronouns and parallel case endings. For example the term for mother in the Elamite language and in different Dravidian languages like Tamil is “amma”.[2] They have identical derivatives, abstract nouns, and the same verb stem+tense marker+personal ending structure. Both have two positive tenses, a “past” and a “non-past”.[3] Apart from the linguistic similarities, the Elamo-Dravidian Hypothesis rests on the claim that agriculture spread from the Near East to the Indus Valley region via Elam. This would suggest that agriculturalists brought a new language as well as farming from Elam. Supporting ethno-botanical data include the Near Eastern origin and name of wheat (D. Fuller). Later evidence of extensive trade between Elam and the Indus Valley Civilization suggests ongoing links between the two regions. The distribution of living Dravidian languages, concentrated mostly in southern India but with isolated pockets in Southern Afghanistan and Pakistan (Brahui) and in Central and East India (Kurukh, Malto), suggests to some a wider past distribution of the Dravidian languages. However, there are varied opinions about the origin of northern Dravidian languages like Brahui, Kurukh and Malto[disambiguation needed].[5] The Kurukh have traditionally claimed to be from the Deccan Peninsula,[6] more specifically Karnataka. The same tradition has existed of the Brahui.[7][8] They call themselves immigrants.[9] Many scholars hold this same view of the Brahui[10] such as L. H. Horace Perera and M. Ratnasabapathy..https://ramanisblog.in/2016/02/18/tamil-elam-in-iran-elamites/ --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/ramanispodcast/message
今回のポッドキャスティングは、 11月30日〜12月3日放送分、 HARAPPA株式会社代表で原っぱ大学・ガクチョーの塚越暁さんです。
Ein Beitrag zum Sanskritwort: Harappa. Hier findest du: Sanskrit Wörterbuch Seminare mit Sukadev Seminarübersicht Yoga Vidya YouTube Live Kanal Online Seminare Video Seminare Yoga Vidya kostenlose App Yoga Vidya Newsletter Yoga Vidya Online Shop Schon ein kleiner Beitrag kann viel bewegen... Spende an Yoga Vidya e.V.!
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Harappa is an ed-tech startup founded in 2018, which enables professionals to learn life skills at scale, leveraging digital learning technologies and online pedagogical tools. The startup offers a curriculum of ‘5 Habits' and ‘25 Skills', which is delivered through an online-first approach. It recently completed a round of funding from James Murdoch-led Lupa Systems. Questions discussed on the podcast: *Q. What is you take on formal education in India? *Q. Do you believe the Indian education industry is in need of a major overhaul? *Q Bootstrapping is not easy you have to be very careful about the outflow of money, any tips here? *Q. Ed-tech is booming! Wherever you see there is a webinar, and there is a lot of competition in the market. How do you manage to stay ahead of the curve? *Q. Ed-tech is a billion-dollar industry, however, there are many players. Do you feel the pie is big enough for everyone or the market is getting saturated? *Q. Post-COVID, once schools/colleges will technology still play such a crucial role in education? *Q. What would you say your biggest mistake has been in this industry as an entrepreneur? Or your biggest learning? Follow the Dialogue Room IG page to become smarter https://www.instagram.com/dialogueroom/ --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/dialogue-room/message
Dr. Raj Vedam is an eminent scholar of ancient Indian history and the co-founder of the think tank "Indian History Awareness and Research". His talks on Ancient Indian History available on youtube is a real eye-opener and a must-watch for every History enthusiast. In this conversation, we talked on various topics such as the peopling of India, Saraswati civilization, Aryan Invasion/Migration theory, etc.
In this episode, we have invited Shreyasi Singh, the founder and CEO of Harappa Education, a growing online learning platform in India. Here, we talk about her journey from journalism to entrepreneurship, how she is leading change in the education industry and about the idea of e-learning.
So on this episode of AMK for the first time we used a random topic generator coz we were so bored of choosing researching and then talking on the topic. After spinning the wheel for a few times we stumbled upon haunting, cemetery and lighthouse. Now we have got something to talk upon. It all started with Mayur's experiences during his visits to archaeological places of the lost ruins of Harappa and Mohenjo Daro the negative vibes he got was as such a first had experience. Also there are various myths and taboos in Indian culture which definitely have a scientific explanation. Various blind faiths and various methods of black magic sometimes our religion feels as pagan as it was in in the early ages. It also felt that lack on inspiration in horror film make them more or less as dull as the were a few directors have succeeded in bringing some new ideas to the genre but in all it needs a renaissance. Mail Us Get In Touch amkpdcast@gmail.com --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/animajorkissa/message
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Éste es el episodio 27 de 3 Cosas Que Ayer No Sabía, el del martes 8 de octubre de 2019. ¡Al lío! 01. Esvásticas everywhere Según el usuario de Twtiter @Nvmantinvs la esvástica (o cruz gamada) más antigua es la encontrada en el yacimiento de Harappa en Pakistán, datada en torno al 2.000 antes de Cristo. Es decir, tiene más de 4.000 años de antigüedad. Una de la cosas que más me ha llamado la atención es la cantidad de culturas diferentes en las que aparece: desde la cretense a la romana, pasando por la mongol y la íbera. Además está presente tanto en elementos militares como carcajes y cascos hasta adornos como botones o en jarros y recipientes de terracota. Aquí puedes leer el hilo de Nvmantinvs: https://twitter.com/Nvmantinvs/status/1181478039164788736 02. Ada Lovelace Day Hoy es el Día de Ada Lovelace, la que se considera la madre de la computación moderna, lo que me ha dado pie a curiosear a ver qué cosas no sabía de ella. Lo primero: que era hija del poeta inglés Lord Byron y que fue su propio padre el que puso especial empeño en que la pequeña Ada se dedicara a las ciencias. Uno de los referentes de Lovelace en su adolescencia fue Mary Somerville, matemática y astrónoma escocesa autodidacta que es conocida como “la reina de las ciencias del siglo XIX” Estos y otros datos más los he conocido gracias a este reportaje: https://www.revistagq.com/noticias/articulo/que-es-el-dia-de-ada-lovelace 03. Esto sí que es un dato mierder ¿Cuánto tiempo puedes estar sin hacer caca y no preocuparte? Con este titular tan sugerente, no he podido evitar leerme este reportaje de HuffintonPost https://www.huffingtonpost.es/entry/cuantos-dias-puedo-estar-sin-ir-al-bano-sin-preocuparme_es_5d95fcd2e4b0f5bf797062af Lejos del clickbait y de lo escatológico, el reportaje profundiza en las posibles causas del estreñimiento y sus consecuencias. Incluso de qué otras dolencias pueden ser un síntoma. Pero, respondiendo a la pregunta con la que empezaba: 3. Si llevas más de tres días sin hacer caca, por favor acude a tu médico cuanto antes. Despedida Y con este dato mierder por partida doble termina el episodio número 27 de “3 cosas que ayer no sabía”, el del martes 8 de octubre de 2019. Me marcho recordándote que me puedes seguir en anchor.fm, en Spotify, en ivoox, en Apple Podcast y en cualquier otro podcatcher. Si al buscar “3 cosas que ayer no sabía” no aparece el programa siempre está la opción de añadir manualmente el enlace RSS. Ah! Se agradecen comentarios o valoraciones en ivoox y Apple Podcast: eso siempre ayuda ;) A mí me encuentras en Twitter por @almajefi. Me encantará recibir tus sugerencias, ideas y nuevos conocimientos. Te espero mañana, no me falles. Hala, con dió.
Pred slabimi štirimi tisočletji so iz step srednje Azije prek gora današnjega Afganistana in Pakistana v ravnice ob zgornjem toku reke Ind začela prihajati plemena, ki jim je zgodovina nadela skupno ime: Indo-Arijci. Ti prišleki sicer niso bili prav številni, niti niso stopali v prazen prostor – v širšem porečju Inda so takrat pač že kakih tisoč let obstajala velika mesta, kakršna sta bila Harappa in Mohenjo Daro. Kljub temu so Indo-Arijci uspeli v nekaj stoletjih podobo Indije povsem preoblikovati. S seboj so namreč prinesli jezik, verjetja, običaje in navade pa specifično strukturo socialnih odnosov ter, ne nazadnje, elemente materialne kulture, ki so v vsega nekaj stoletjih izbrisali večino tistega, kar je na Podcelini obstajalo poprej. Ključni dosežki klasične indijske civilizacije v poljih mitologije, religije, filozofije, umetnosti in znanosti tako izraščajo natanko iz kulture, ki so jo prinesli in v ravnicah severne Indije potem naprej razvijali Indo-Arijci. Kdo so torej bili ti ljudje? Kako so živeli? V kaj so verjeli, kaj so mislili in kako so to počeli? – Glede na morje časa, ki nas loči od njihovega sveta, bi bilo utemeljeno pomisliti, da na tovrstna vprašanja ne bomo nikoli mogli dobro odgovoriti, a ni čisto tako. Indo-Arijci se nam namreč presenetljivo jasno in zgovorno razkrivajo v Vedah, v obsežnem korpusu starih svetih besedil. In prav Vedam, njihovi jezikovni in vsebinski podobi smo se posvetili v tokratnem Kulturnem fokusu. Pri tem nam je pomagal nekdo, ki zna ta besedila dejansko brati. V izvirniku. Pred mikrofonom smo gostili dr. Luko Repanška, predavatelja indoevropskega primerjalnega jezikoslovja na Oddelku za primerjalno in splošno jezikoslovje ljubljanske Filozofske fakultete in avtorja berila vedske proze Bogovi in asure so se dajali. Oddajo je pripravil Goran Dekleva. foto: rokopis Rigvede (Wikipedia; javna last)
Who were the first Indians? Where did the Harappans go? Who were the Aryans? Whose descendants are we? Tony Joseph joins Amit Varma in episode 112 of The Seen and the Unseen to describe how massive scientific advances in the last few years have given us answers to these questions. Also check out: Early Indians -- Tony Joseph Who We Are and How We Got Here -- David Reich You can listen to this show and other awesome shows on the new and improved IVM Podcast App on Android: https://ivm.today/android or iOS: https://ivm.today/ios
Welcome back to The Emancipation Podcast Station - the place to hear about history researched and retold through the eyes of Middle school and HS students. Last time on the show... Beginnings - 600 BCE The origin of humans and early human societies: Beginnings - Gabe - Prehistory is the history before it was written. Finding bones and doing tests like potassium argon dating or other methods to find the age was one of the ways we could see find prehistory. The tools they used and how the newer ones were perfected is another. Ben- Anthropology is the study of ancient humans and their cultures. Everyone always talks about how old certain things are, but how is the information found? Radiocarbon dating is when you get a certain element called carbon 14 and and see how much of it has decayed back into nitrogen 14. So if half the carbon 14 has decayed, that means the item is 5730 years old. The radiocarbon method is a good indicator of how old something is. Audrey - Written records are a main tool in learning the history of the people before us. These are, in some ways, more detailed than other forms of records, including archaeological and biological remains. That being said, written records can’t be the only thing taken into consideration; they could be biased or could be stories passed down generation after generation, slowly being changed to fit the current worldviews. Emma - Many Paleolithic societies were communal. The members of a community, which were most often small, nomadic groups, worked together to perform various tasks. The women typically raised the children, gathered food, and cooked, whereas the men did the hunting, often in groups. However, in some communities, the work is thought to have been divided evenly between both women and men. Ella - Early paleolithic societies did not have agricultural systems like we do today. They relied on tools they made to hunt animals. These societies would use tools made out of rocks such as handaxes. They used these for both hunting and digging. The other half of their diet consisted of natural fruits and vegetables they found in their environment. Skylar - According to historians the first generations of “human” like people are called Homo Sapiens. Homo Sapiens were apart of a group called Hominids. Archaeologist and anthropologist believe that they were alive between 2.5 and 4 million years ago and lived in eastern and southern Africa. Ethan - The anatomic structure of the people of today has existed for about 200,000 years. Egyptian hieroglyphs have been around for close to 5,000 years but America couldn’t even comprehend the hieroglyphs until 1799 when America found the Rosetta Stone. Even then when America had the Rosetta Stone it took quite a while to decipher it. And even after we began to comprehend hieroglyphs, we still had to hope no one would “change the story” to make it more interesting. And people still had altering views so deciding which was true caused more investigation. Thus, the Scientific Process. Hunter- the study of human existence has been going on for multiple centries. The process has just evolved to even being able to find the year of when the creature and or early human existed and died. 600 BCE The Neolithic Revolution and the birth of agriculture: Beginnings - Emma - The word Neolithic is derived from neo, meaning new, and the Greek word lithos, which translates to stone. It is the latter part of the stone age in which tools began to have a more smooth and refined appearance. Unlike before, these tools had complex shapes and purposes, and began to resemble the instruments used in more advanced societies. Audrey - Since the birth of agriculture, Earth’s population has increased immensely. In the Paleolithic period, humans were primarily hunter-gatherers, and the population was roughly 10 million. Then 10 - 15 thousand years ago (13000 - 8000 B.C.) the Neolithic period came, and along with that, agriculture. Since plants and animals were now being domesticated, and more people could be fed, the population grew. By the time of the Roman Empire there were around 250 million people on Earth, and since then the population has grown to approximately 7 billion. Gabe - There was different types of agriculture there was pastoralism which was the branch of agriculture that bred animals goat, sheep, cattle, and in this branch they collected food from there goats and cattle and probably wool from the sheep and milk from the cows and probably the goats too Ella - Most early civilizations came together through religion, or beliefs and practices that associate with the meaning of the world. with This was how people who were not familiar with one another created trustworthy and respectful relationships. Religion was commonly associated with politics. Religious leaders commonly worked as political leaders as well. Ethan - Agriculture was created so that the survivability of the human race would increase. The end of the most recent glacial period was about the same time that agriculture emerged. The reasoning behind this is that the soil had thawed so food could be grown in abundance. Ben - There were a few different things being grown around the world. Stuff like barley, but also something less known called sorghum. Sorghum today is mostly used for animal food, but can also be used to create a kind of sweet syrup. Sorghum was being grown about the area sudan is at today and was probably being used as a normal grain in 9000-7000 BCE. There was also okra, black eyed peas, and yam around the west coast of africa. (Can talk about more different foods and where they’re from if needed) Skylar -City-States couldn’t have been became created without agriculture. Most people would not be alive if it wasn’t for agriculture. Since agriculture has been created the plants (veggies) and animals (meat and milk). Thanks to irrigation vegetation can now be grown almost anywhere. The availability of human consumable calories per square kilometer has increased rapidly. People started farming in Iraq, Syria, and Turkey and went on to East Asia, mexico, and many more places. Hunter- Neolithic Age is also known as the New Stone Age. However, it is closely connected to civilization, animal domestication, inventions, and agriculture. Stability in life opened new doors for man, as he ventured into domesticating animals rather than merely hunting them as per his need. He also invented pottery in this era, making it a symbol of the Neolithic era. 600 BCEAncient Mesopotamia: Beginnings - Gabe - I'm going to start by saying Mesopotamia means country between to rivers so most the cities were born on the rivers tigris euphrates (which is what Mesopotamia is in between) the yangtze or the nile. They were born on these cities because the rivers would fertilize their crops bring water and transportation later on Ella - The Sumerians were a group of people that started in Southern Mesopotamia around 4000 BCE. They wrote some of the first written scripts that were made of clay tablets. These ideas spread to surrounding civilizations which resulted in more languages being written. These languages are what today's alphabet was developed from. Audrey - Mesopotamia was one of the first significant civilizations, and was located in what is now Iraq. The Sumerians are believed to be the first civilization to emerge in Mesopotamia (4000 B.C.). They are well known for the first development of the wheel (3500 B.C.), and for their architectural structures, like the ziggurats which were found in the center of many Sumerian and Mesopotamian cities. Emma - Around 3000 BC the Sumerians came in contact with the Akkadians, named after the city-state of Akkad. About 700 years later, Sargon of Akkad came into power and is thought to have started the first dynastic empire. Both the Akkadian and Sumerian speakers were ruled by the Akkadian Empire until it’s fall in 2154 BC. Ben - After the akkadian empire, a new empire began, and it was called the Babylonian empire. The Babylonians used to just be a small place in Akkadia (2300 BC), but grew into an empire. The leader of the Babylonian empire was Hammurabi. The Babylonians influenced the area in that they had a sort of law system that was based on religion. They spoke Akkadian. (1800-600 BC) from 1770- 1670 and from 612-320 BC babylon was estimated to be the largest city in population size in the world. Skylar - The Pharaoh King Menes was able to unify upper and lower Egypt with the Eqyptian civilization. Hammurabi was famous for making the code of Hammurabi. He codified a series of laws. Ethan - After the Sumerian and Akkadian empires formed, the Assyrian Empire formed about 1000 years later in northern Mesopotamia. Ashur was the capital of Assyria. Assyria was originally ruled by Sargon and his bloodline during the Akkadian Empire. After the end of the Akkadian empire Assyria became the major empire then. 8. Hunter- Mesopotamia was known in antiquity as a seat of learning, and it is believed that Thales of Miletus (c. 585 BCE, known as the first philosopher) studied there. As the Babylonians believed that water was the ‘first principle’ from which all else followed, and as Thales is famous for that very claim, it seems probable that he studied there. 600 BCEAncient Egypt: Beginnings - 600 BCE Gabe - Egypt started next to the nile which is because it helps with many things as we talked about earlier there was the old egypt which was when the pyramids were built and this is the time we kind of think about when we think egypt but the pharaohs you think about were very far from the building of the pyramids and cleopatra actually lived 2500 years from the makings of the pyramids and 2037 from the making of the first iphone so she lived closer to the iphone Ella - During the old kingdom period, Egypt was a single state. The country eventually became more complex and expanded their military. The kings of the time built formations such as Great Pyramid and the Sphinx of Giza. These structures were used as tombs or monuments for the kings that built them. Emma - The Egyptian political system was based on the idea of divine kingship. They believed that the political ruler, or pharaoh, either held the favor of a god (or gods) or was in fact a living incarnation of the god themself. An example of this was Narmer who was thought to be Horus. This reinforced the authority of the current political figure in power. Audrey - The Egyptian civilization was originally divided into upper and lower Egypt. The official beginning of the civilization was somewhere around 3100-3150 B.C. when the two parts of Egypt were united under one king. Ben - As with most early civilizations, egypt was based around a river. When civilizations start around rivers it gives the people fresh water and a good source of water for agricultural purposes too. Even egypt’s seasons were based around the nile and how it affected crops and weather. The first season would be Akhet, which would now be around june-september and was based around the nile river flooding to provide water to crops. The second season was Peret, (Oct. - Feb.) where crops would be planted. The final season was called Shemu, (March - May) when everything would be harvested. Skylar - The Nile River starts in mid-eastern Africa and goes all the way down to the Mediterranean Sea. The Nile is one of the great rivers. It makes the soil around it rich. Like ben said for growing plants. Most of the population in Egypt is around or close by the multipurpose river. They have a season of harvest and it’s when the soil is most fertile for growing crops. The annual rain is very important because it adds another layer of extremely nutrient-rich soil that’s needed for the Shemu season. Ethan - Wars had what seemed to be a major impact on the civil structure of Egypt. The costs include drought, famine, and disruption of Egyptian civilians. This kind of split Egypt into many different city-states. This allowed any city-state with the military power to take cities, as Kush conquered Lower and Upper Egypt. But soon the Kushites were kicked out of Egypt. Hunter- nothing left to write T^T this is sad all info was sucked dry so please dont blame me Ancient art and artifacts: Beginnings - Gabe - One of the artifacts that was found was the standard of ur and no one knows for sure what it actually was but it has 2 sides to it and on one side you have basically peace and prosperity where it shows animals being taken to trade or sacrifice or eat were not really sure and it shows the king and some other important people drinking in enjoyment there many things like that.(didnt want to take to much info someone want to connect to mine and explain what was on the other side) Ella - There were many materials used to make the standard of ur such as lapis lazuli from Afghanistan, Red stones from India, and shells from the gulf to the South of Iraq. These things are all reminders that the cities thrived because of the success in agriculture. There was a river valley between Tigris and Euphrates where they grew large amounts of food. Ben - One of the most important historical items in Egyptian history was the Rosetta Stone, the Rosetta Stone was an ancient stone tablet discovered in 1799, it had the same thing written in three different languages. First, hieroglyphs, then egyptian, then greek. This allowed historians to translate all the hieroglyphs that were seen in temples and pyramids. Emma - On the other side of the Standard of Ur, there are three scenes depicting a war. The lowest section shows chariots coming into battle and trampling their enemies. The second row has a clearly organized army marching into battle, fighting, and taking prisoners. The top again has the king, this time being presented with prisoners of war. Audrey - The Rosetta Stone is a very popular artifact found in the British Museum. It was brought there when Napoleon’s army was in Egypt. One of the many people who came with Napoleon came across the stone being used in the foundation of a fort. Originally it would have been in or near an Egyptian temple and was the bottom part of a much taller tablet. Napoleon took the stone back with him, but when the British defeated Napoleon they took it. Two years later, in 1801 or 1802, the Rosetta Stone was taken to the British Museum and it has been there ever since. Ethan - I guess I’ll explain the Rosetta Stone. It had 2 forms of Egyptian on it. Hieroglyphic and Demotic. Hieroglyphic, as many people know, uses symbols. Demotic is kind of like the print writing of English, but Egyptian. It also had Greek on the stone so it, even after many years, was decipherable. Skylar - The Rosetta Stone was carved in 196 B.C. We were not able to read the Rosetta Stone until mid 19th century. The Rosetta stone is called the Rosetta stone because of where it was found, Rosetta. It was written in three different scripts The first was hieroglyphic which was the script used for important or religious documents. The second was demotic which was the common script of Egypt. The third was Greek which was the language of the rulers of Egypt at that time. Hunter- The Rosetta stone and the Standard of Ur are both important discoveries I can’t say anything more because like last season nothing left to say it’s all taken (and yes i went and looked at more than just the first page or google but I mean this is what I get for being busy all week i guess) 600 BCEAncient India: Beginnings - Gabe - the harappan civilization or the indus valley civilization because it was near the indus river spread from northwest india to afghanistan and pakistan at the peak of the harappan civilization they may have had a population of 5 million people indus cities are noted for there urban planning which is where you build your cities in with the land to make your life easier basically they also made baked brick houses huge drainage systems water supply systems and basically metropolitan areas. Ella - Around 2600 BCE, Harappan communities had become large urban areas. Overall about 1000 settlements were founded in the Indus river area. The Mohenjo-daro was one of the biggest cities in the area. It was also one of the more sophisticated cities with its advanced uses for engineering and urban planning. Ben - The Indus river civilization was one of the most advanced and one of the most mysterious ancient places. They were very good at building and their brick areas are impressive even to today’s standards because of how they survived hundreds of years of weather and damage. And jewelry from around that area has been seen in different countries, so trading was probably happening too. Emma - The people of the Indus River Valley Civilization region are known for their advancements in the technology of their time. Their accurate systems for measuring length and mass made their advanced sanitation system possible. This system was the first of its kind ever in history. Audrey - Sanskrit has many similarities to other languages like English and Latin. Words like matr, in English mother, and in Latin mater, show the resemblance. The Vedas mention a “god” named Dyaus Pitr which means “sky father”. In Greek there is Zeus Pater, and in Latin Jupiter, both of which, also meaning sky father. - Ethan - Some of the people in the Indus Valley are called Harappans. The reason that the Harappans succeeded in early technology was they had the most accurate ways to measure length and mass. They also invented bricks, one of the staples in building today. Skylar - The Harappa civilization was more than just Harappa. The largest cite they had was Mohenjo-Daro, it was n the Sihn region of Pakistan. They believe 40,000 lived in just Mohenjo-Daro. Some think that the Harappa civilization was happening around 7000 BCE, they believe they were just living in small villages, but they don’t have very much evidence. Nobody really knows how or why the Indus Valley civilization came to an end. Hunter- Important innovations of this civilization include standardized weights and measures, seal carving, and metallurgy with copper, bronze, tin, and lead. 600 BCEShang China: Beginnings - Gabe - the earliest period in chinese history is the mythical period which supposedly was ruled by the xia empire and was overthrown by the Shang in 1766 bce but we are not sure if the Xia overthrow was true because we don’t have archaeological evidence of the Xia empire but we do have evidence of the Shang empire and they ruled from 1766 bce to 1046 bce Ella - The earliest form of Chinese writing was found as inscriptions carved into bones and shells.These animal remains were known as oracle bones. The writing on the bones was very complex, suggesting that the language had been around for a while. Scientists didn't have trouble reading it because it was very similar to modern chinese writing. Ben - The chinese craftsmen mastered the alloy bronze, which gave most of their soldiers an advantage. The Shang were excellent builders and engineers, they worked on many things including irrigation systems similar to how the indus river civilization did. Emma - In the Shang Dynasty Civilization, the king was not a political figure. His main role was as a religious leader, the use of oracle bones making up a large part of their responsibilities. The government itself was run by chosen advisors and other officials. Audrey - Chinese writings from the Shang Dynasty can be found on oracle bones. An oracle bone is an ox’s scapula (shoulder blade) that people would write questions on; they would heat the bone over a flame until it cracked, and then they would interpret the cracks to get an answer to their question. Skylar - The Shang Dynasty was the first dynasty that we have a lot of proof of. It lasted around 500 years. They had great irrigation systems for their day, and had also developed social classes. Both banks of the Yellow River had greats amounts of loess.with is a very nutrient-rich soil that is amazing for growing almost anything. The Shang dynasty was in and near the modern day city of Anyang. It’s known for their writing, a lot like modern day Chinese. Near the end of this dynasty they had chariots and people believe they were in contact with people out in the west. - Ethan - The Shang had some, to say the least, strange practices. The Shang made offerings to dead relatives in attempt to communicate with them. These “Oracle Bones” people will have talked about by now, are made out of turtle shells, and they were used to predict the future. Hunter- the Shang dynasty craftspeople mastered bronze, an alloy of copper and tin; bronze weapons gave the foot soldiers a tactical advantage. 600 BCEAncient Americas: Beginnings - Gabe - Some of the first people in north america were the olmec who were some of the first mexicans they lived around the gulf of mexico around were veracruz and tabasco (like the sauce i guess) is a nahuatl word from the aztec language which means rubber people because they were the first we know to discover how to convert latex off trees into rubber we call them this because we do not know exactly what they called themselves Ella - None of the Olmecs beliefs or customs were recorded, but there were some artifacts found in the area that indicated long trade routes that spread throughout many regions. Some of the artifacts such as jade and obsidian were evidence that the Olmec people traded with civilizations outside the Gulf Coast of Mexico. Ben - There were a few different early north and south american tribes and cultures such as the mayans. The Mayans were the only ones in early america who had a fully developed writing system. They used hieroglyphs and lived in southeast mexico, they kind of owned southeast mexico. Emma - From 3500 to 1700 BC the Caral civilization existed in was is now northern Peru. It was a complex society in which specialized and interconnected roles existed, though people disagree on whether or not it can be classified as a civilization due to the lack of evidence concerning political, economical, and religious systems. Audrey - The first humans to come to the Americas came 15-16,000 years ago.They are believed to have come from north-eastern Asia across the Bering Strait during the last glaciation period when the sea level was low enough for the Bering Land Bridge. Skylar - the first people that came to north and south america somewhere between 15,000 and 16,000 years ago. They believe the first people were in Florida 14,500 years ago. The Mississippian culture was a north american culture. The mississippi river is named after them. Their famous city was Cahokia and it is around modern day St. Louis. - Ethan - There was a race of people called the Chavin and their culture was centered around a big temple in Chavin de Huantar. Their government system was most likely based off of a hierarchy, while sticking to religion. The Chavin was founded in the northern Andean highlands in Peru. Their civilization was founded in between 900 and 250 BC, which was about to the time period of 1000 years after the collapse of the Caral. The Chavin were located in the Mosna River Valley, in which the Mosna and Huachesa rivers meet. Hunter- cant find nothin!!!!!!! 600 BCE Human innovation and the environment Gabe - We were nomadic people so we started to farm and start agriculture and build small villages probably making us have more food for more population and basically we started staying in one spot and we started to have tribes and the others started doing this. Ella - One thing that separates humans from animals is our ability to learn and teach efficiently and effectively. We are able to pass down the information and skills we learned to the next generation a lot better than other species can. This is because of our specific and strong communication techniques we've developed like language and writing. Skylar - Before the Neolithic era people had to hunt for food. They would walk short or long distances to find food if there was nothing oblivious to kill for food. Most people were what are called hunter gatherers. They did not consume as much calories as pastoral people. This was called Paleolithic era and the beginning of the mesolithic era. The main thing that happened in the Neolithic era was agriculture. Agriculture was a huge deal, most would say one of the best things that happened in human history. It changed people’s lifestyle and diet. They could now raise crops and/or animals. Move most anywhere they wanted. They then had time to figure out a way to write out the things they were learning. Ben - Over all this time and seeing these things it’s interesting to realize that these people were skilled and could create art and sculptures, writing and speech. One of the most helpful human skills is collective learning, where most information can be passed on to more people in such a way to make the potential knowledge of collective humanity nearly infinite. Emma - The development of written language had a huge impact on the development of human civilizations. Learning from the past, beyond what current generations could recall, began to change societies. For example, it allowed agriculture to develop because newer generations could learn what did and didn’t work in the past. Political records also influenced and changed developing political systems. Audrey - The Aboriginal Australians, Aboriginal meaning from the beginning, would have controlled fires that would clear the forests to make the area more suitable for grassland. The grassland would provide an area for animals they could easily hunt and live off of. - Ethan - Innovation mainly began with stone tools that allowed humans to do simple tasks even easier. These tools that helped early humans hunt consisted mainly of spears and knives but very primitive. Like very poorly sharpened edges, but enough to get the job done. Farming tools would mainly consist of what today would be related to a hoe. Hunter- A type of farming used by the Aboriginal Australians was firestick farming, when they would conduct said farming they would start what are called ‘controlled burns’ they were not new to this and knew which seasons to do this in. Like in Spring or Autumn when there was a certain amount of moisture in the air to control the fires and this did more than just give the natives a better landscape but to also help prevent large scale fires and allow kangaroo to graze there for them to eat. That’s all the time we have for today. THank for joining us out of the box that is learning
Welcome back to The Emancipation Podcast Station - the place to hear about history researched and retold through the eyes of Middle school and HS students. Last time on the show... Beginnings - 600 BCE The origin of humans and early human societies: Beginnings - Gabe - Prehistory is the history before it was written. Finding bones and doing tests like potassium argon dating or other methods to find the age was one of the ways we could see find prehistory. The tools they used and how the newer ones were perfected is another. Ben- Anthropology is the study of ancient humans and their cultures. Everyone always talks about how old certain things are, but how is the information found? Radiocarbon dating is when you get a certain element called carbon 14 and and see how much of it has decayed back into nitrogen 14. So if half the carbon 14 has decayed, that means the item is 5730 years old. The radiocarbon method is a good indicator of how old something is. Audrey - Written records are a main tool in learning the history of the people before us. These are, in some ways, more detailed than other forms of records, including archaeological and biological remains. That being said, written records can’t be the only thing taken into consideration; they could be biased or could be stories passed down generation after generation, slowly being changed to fit the current worldviews. Emma - Many Paleolithic societies were communal. The members of a community, which were most often small, nomadic groups, worked together to perform various tasks. The women typically raised the children, gathered food, and cooked, whereas the men did the hunting, often in groups. However, in some communities, the work is thought to have been divided evenly between both women and men. Ella - Early paleolithic societies did not have agricultural systems like we do today. They relied on tools they made to hunt animals. These societies would use tools made out of rocks such as handaxes. They used these for both hunting and digging. The other half of their diet consisted of natural fruits and vegetables they found in their environment. Skylar - According to historians the first generations of “human” like people are called Homo Sapiens. Homo Sapiens were apart of a group called Hominids. Archaeologist and anthropologist believe that they were alive between 2.5 and 4 million years ago and lived in eastern and southern Africa. Ethan - The anatomic structure of the people of today has existed for about 200,000 years. Egyptian hieroglyphs have been around for close to 5,000 years but America couldn’t even comprehend the hieroglyphs until 1799 when America found the Rosetta Stone. Even then when America had the Rosetta Stone it took quite a while to decipher it. And even after we began to comprehend hieroglyphs, we still had to hope no one would “change the story” to make it more interesting. And people still had altering views so deciding which was true caused more investigation. Thus, the Scientific Process. Hunter- the study of human existence has been going on for multiple centries. The process has just evolved to even being able to find the year of when the creature and or early human existed and died. 600 BCE The Neolithic Revolution and the birth of agriculture: Beginnings - Emma - The word Neolithic is derived from neo, meaning new, and the Greek word lithos, which translates to stone. It is the latter part of the stone age in which tools began to have a more smooth and refined appearance. Unlike before, these tools had complex shapes and purposes, and began to resemble the instruments used in more advanced societies. Audrey - Since the birth of agriculture, Earth’s population has increased immensely. In the Paleolithic period, humans were primarily hunter-gatherers, and the population was roughly 10 million. Then 10 - 15 thousand years ago (13000 - 8000 B.C.) the Neolithic period came, and along with that, agriculture. Since plants and animals were now being domesticated, and more people could be fed, the population grew. By the time of the Roman Empire there were around 250 million people on Earth, and since then the population has grown to approximately 7 billion. Gabe - There was different types of agriculture there was pastoralism which was the branch of agriculture that bred animals goat, sheep, cattle, and in this branch they collected food from there goats and cattle and probably wool from the sheep and milk from the cows and probably the goats too Ella - Most early civilizations came together through religion, or beliefs and practices that associate with the meaning of the world. with This was how people who were not familiar with one another created trustworthy and respectful relationships. Religion was commonly associated with politics. Religious leaders commonly worked as political leaders as well. Ethan - Agriculture was created so that the survivability of the human race would increase. The end of the most recent glacial period was about the same time that agriculture emerged. The reasoning behind this is that the soil had thawed so food could be grown in abundance. Ben - There were a few different things being grown around the world. Stuff like barley, but also something less known called sorghum. Sorghum today is mostly used for animal food, but can also be used to create a kind of sweet syrup. Sorghum was being grown about the area sudan is at today and was probably being used as a normal grain in 9000-7000 BCE. There was also okra, black eyed peas, and yam around the west coast of africa. (Can talk about more different foods and where they’re from if needed) Skylar -City-States couldn’t have been became created without agriculture. Most people would not be alive if it wasn’t for agriculture. Since agriculture has been created the plants (veggies) and animals (meat and milk). Thanks to irrigation vegetation can now be grown almost anywhere. The availability of human consumable calories per square kilometer has increased rapidly. People started farming in Iraq, Syria, and Turkey and went on to East Asia, mexico, and many more places. Hunter- Neolithic Age is also known as the New Stone Age. However, it is closely connected to civilization, animal domestication, inventions, and agriculture. Stability in life opened new doors for man, as he ventured into domesticating animals rather than merely hunting them as per his need. He also invented pottery in this era, making it a symbol of the Neolithic era. 600 BCEAncient Mesopotamia: Beginnings - Gabe - I'm going to start by saying Mesopotamia means country between to rivers so most the cities were born on the rivers tigris euphrates (which is what Mesopotamia is in between) the yangtze or the nile. They were born on these cities because the rivers would fertilize their crops bring water and transportation later on Ella - The Sumerians were a group of people that started in Southern Mesopotamia around 4000 BCE. They wrote some of the first written scripts that were made of clay tablets. These ideas spread to surrounding civilizations which resulted in more languages being written. These languages are what today's alphabet was developed from. Audrey - Mesopotamia was one of the first significant civilizations, and was located in what is now Iraq. The Sumerians are believed to be the first civilization to emerge in Mesopotamia (4000 B.C.). They are well known for the first development of the wheel (3500 B.C.), and for their architectural structures, like the ziggurats which were found in the center of many Sumerian and Mesopotamian cities. Emma - Around 3000 BC the Sumerians came in contact with the Akkadians, named after the city-state of Akkad. About 700 years later, Sargon of Akkad came into power and is thought to have started the first dynastic empire. Both the Akkadian and Sumerian speakers were ruled by the Akkadian Empire until it’s fall in 2154 BC. Ben - After the akkadian empire, a new empire began, and it was called the Babylonian empire. The Babylonians used to just be a small place in Akkadia (2300 BC), but grew into an empire. The leader of the Babylonian empire was Hammurabi. The Babylonians influenced the area in that they had a sort of law system that was based on religion. They spoke Akkadian. (1800-600 BC) from 1770- 1670 and from 612-320 BC babylon was estimated to be the largest city in population size in the world. Skylar - The Pharaoh King Menes was able to unify upper and lower Egypt with the Eqyptian civilization. Hammurabi was famous for making the code of Hammurabi. He codified a series of laws. Ethan - After the Sumerian and Akkadian empires formed, the Assyrian Empire formed about 1000 years later in northern Mesopotamia. Ashur was the capital of Assyria. Assyria was originally ruled by Sargon and his bloodline during the Akkadian Empire. After the end of the Akkadian empire Assyria became the major empire then. 8. Hunter- Mesopotamia was known in antiquity as a seat of learning, and it is believed that Thales of Miletus (c. 585 BCE, known as the first philosopher) studied there. As the Babylonians believed that water was the ‘first principle’ from which all else followed, and as Thales is famous for that very claim, it seems probable that he studied there. 600 BCEAncient Egypt: Beginnings - 600 BCE Gabe - Egypt started next to the nile which is because it helps with many things as we talked about earlier there was the old egypt which was when the pyramids were built and this is the time we kind of think about when we think egypt but the pharaohs you think about were very far from the building of the pyramids and cleopatra actually lived 2500 years from the makings of the pyramids and 2037 from the making of the first iphone so she lived closer to the iphone Ella - During the old kingdom period, Egypt was a single state. The country eventually became more complex and expanded their military. The kings of the time built formations such as Great Pyramid and the Sphinx of Giza. These structures were used as tombs or monuments for the kings that built them. Emma - The Egyptian political system was based on the idea of divine kingship. They believed that the political ruler, or pharaoh, either held the favor of a god (or gods) or was in fact a living incarnation of the god themself. An example of this was Narmer who was thought to be Horus. This reinforced the authority of the current political figure in power. Audrey - The Egyptian civilization was originally divided into upper and lower Egypt. The official beginning of the civilization was somewhere around 3100-3150 B.C. when the two parts of Egypt were united under one king. Ben - As with most early civilizations, egypt was based around a river. When civilizations start around rivers it gives the people fresh water and a good source of water for agricultural purposes too. Even egypt’s seasons were based around the nile and how it affected crops and weather. The first season would be Akhet, which would now be around june-september and was based around the nile river flooding to provide water to crops. The second season was Peret, (Oct. - Feb.) where crops would be planted. The final season was called Shemu, (March - May) when everything would be harvested. Skylar - The Nile River starts in mid-eastern Africa and goes all the way down to the Mediterranean Sea. The Nile is one of the great rivers. It makes the soil around it rich. Like ben said for growing plants. Most of the population in Egypt is around or close by the multipurpose river. They have a season of harvest and it’s when the soil is most fertile for growing crops. The annual rain is very important because it adds another layer of extremely nutrient-rich soil that’s needed for the Shemu season. Ethan - Wars had what seemed to be a major impact on the civil structure of Egypt. The costs include drought, famine, and disruption of Egyptian civilians. This kind of split Egypt into many different city-states. This allowed any city-state with the military power to take cities, as Kush conquered Lower and Upper Egypt. But soon the Kushites were kicked out of Egypt. Hunter- nothing left to write T^T this is sad all info was sucked dry so please dont blame me Ancient art and artifacts: Beginnings - Gabe - One of the artifacts that was found was the standard of ur and no one knows for sure what it actually was but it has 2 sides to it and on one side you have basically peace and prosperity where it shows animals being taken to trade or sacrifice or eat were not really sure and it shows the king and some other important people drinking in enjoyment there many things like that.(didnt want to take to much info someone want to connect to mine and explain what was on the other side) Ella - There were many materials used to make the standard of ur such as lapis lazuli from Afghanistan, Red stones from India, and shells from the gulf to the South of Iraq. These things are all reminders that the cities thrived because of the success in agriculture. There was a river valley between Tigris and Euphrates where they grew large amounts of food. Ben - One of the most important historical items in Egyptian history was the Rosetta Stone, the Rosetta Stone was an ancient stone tablet discovered in 1799, it had the same thing written in three different languages. First, hieroglyphs, then egyptian, then greek. This allowed historians to translate all the hieroglyphs that were seen in temples and pyramids. Emma - On the other side of the Standard of Ur, there are three scenes depicting a war. The lowest section shows chariots coming into battle and trampling their enemies. The second row has a clearly organized army marching into battle, fighting, and taking prisoners. The top again has the king, this time being presented with prisoners of war. Audrey - The Rosetta Stone is a very popular artifact found in the British Museum. It was brought there when Napoleon’s army was in Egypt. One of the many people who came with Napoleon came across the stone being used in the foundation of a fort. Originally it would have been in or near an Egyptian temple and was the bottom part of a much taller tablet. Napoleon took the stone back with him, but when the British defeated Napoleon they took it. Two years later, in 1801 or 1802, the Rosetta Stone was taken to the British Museum and it has been there ever since. Ethan - I guess I’ll explain the Rosetta Stone. It had 2 forms of Egyptian on it. Hieroglyphic and Demotic. Hieroglyphic, as many people know, uses symbols. Demotic is kind of like the print writing of English, but Egyptian. It also had Greek on the stone so it, even after many years, was decipherable. Skylar - The Rosetta Stone was carved in 196 B.C. We were not able to read the Rosetta Stone until mid 19th century. The Rosetta stone is called the Rosetta stone because of where it was found, Rosetta. It was written in three different scripts The first was hieroglyphic which was the script used for important or religious documents. The second was demotic which was the common script of Egypt. The third was Greek which was the language of the rulers of Egypt at that time. Hunter- The Rosetta stone and the Standard of Ur are both important discoveries I can’t say anything more because like last season nothing left to say it’s all taken (and yes i went and looked at more than just the first page or google but I mean this is what I get for being busy all week i guess) 600 BCEAncient India: Beginnings - Gabe - the harappan civilization or the indus valley civilization because it was near the indus river spread from northwest india to afghanistan and pakistan at the peak of the harappan civilization they may have had a population of 5 million people indus cities are noted for there urban planning which is where you build your cities in with the land to make your life easier basically they also made baked brick houses huge drainage systems water supply systems and basically metropolitan areas. Ella - Around 2600 BCE, Harappan communities had become large urban areas. Overall about 1000 settlements were founded in the Indus river area. The Mohenjo-daro was one of the biggest cities in the area. It was also one of the more sophisticated cities with its advanced uses for engineering and urban planning. Ben - The Indus river civilization was one of the most advanced and one of the most mysterious ancient places. They were very good at building and their brick areas are impressive even to today’s standards because of how they survived hundreds of years of weather and damage. And jewelry from around that area has been seen in different countries, so trading was probably happening too. Emma - The people of the Indus River Valley Civilization region are known for their advancements in the technology of their time. Their accurate systems for measuring length and mass made their advanced sanitation system possible. This system was the first of its kind ever in history. Audrey - Sanskrit has many similarities to other languages like English and Latin. Words like matr, in English mother, and in Latin mater, show the resemblance. The Vedas mention a “god” named Dyaus Pitr which means “sky father”. In Greek there is Zeus Pater, and in Latin Jupiter, both of which, also meaning sky father. - Ethan - Some of the people in the Indus Valley are called Harappans. The reason that the Harappans succeeded in early technology was they had the most accurate ways to measure length and mass. They also invented bricks, one of the staples in building today. Skylar - The Harappa civilization was more than just Harappa. The largest cite they had was Mohenjo-Daro, it was n the Sihn region of Pakistan. They believe 40,000 lived in just Mohenjo-Daro. Some think that the Harappa civilization was happening around 7000 BCE, they believe they were just living in small villages, but they don’t have very much evidence. Nobody really knows how or why the Indus Valley civilization came to an end. Hunter- Important innovations of this civilization include standardized weights and measures, seal carving, and metallurgy with copper, bronze, tin, and lead. 600 BCEShang China: Beginnings - Gabe - the earliest period in chinese history is the mythical period which supposedly was ruled by the xia empire and was overthrown by the Shang in 1766 bce but we are not sure if the Xia overthrow was true because we don’t have archaeological evidence of the Xia empire but we do have evidence of the Shang empire and they ruled from 1766 bce to 1046 bce Ella - The earliest form of Chinese writing was found as inscriptions carved into bones and shells.These animal remains were known as oracle bones. The writing on the bones was very complex, suggesting that the language had been around for a while. Scientists didn't have trouble reading it because it was very similar to modern chinese writing. Ben - The chinese craftsmen mastered the alloy bronze, which gave most of their soldiers an advantage. The Shang were excellent builders and engineers, they worked on many things including irrigation systems similar to how the indus river civilization did. Emma - In the Shang Dynasty Civilization, the king was not a political figure. His main role was as a religious leader, the use of oracle bones making up a large part of their responsibilities. The government itself was run by chosen advisors and other officials. Audrey - Chinese writings from the Shang Dynasty can be found on oracle bones. An oracle bone is an ox’s scapula (shoulder blade) that people would write questions on; they would heat the bone over a flame until it cracked, and then they would interpret the cracks to get an answer to their question. Skylar - The Shang Dynasty was the first dynasty that we have a lot of proof of. It lasted around 500 years. They had great irrigation systems for their day, and had also developed social classes. Both banks of the Yellow River had greats amounts of loess.with is a very nutrient-rich soil that is amazing for growing almost anything. The Shang dynasty was in and near the modern day city of Anyang. It’s known for their writing, a lot like modern day Chinese. Near the end of this dynasty they had chariots and people believe they were in contact with people out in the west. - Ethan - The Shang had some, to say the least, strange practices. The Shang made offerings to dead relatives in attempt to communicate with them. These “Oracle Bones” people will have talked about by now, are made out of turtle shells, and they were used to predict the future. Hunter- the Shang dynasty craftspeople mastered bronze, an alloy of copper and tin; bronze weapons gave the foot soldiers a tactical advantage. 600 BCEAncient Americas: Beginnings - Gabe - Some of the first people in north america were the olmec who were some of the first mexicans they lived around the gulf of mexico around were veracruz and tabasco (like the sauce i guess) is a nahuatl word from the aztec language which means rubber people because they were the first we know to discover how to convert latex off trees into rubber we call them this because we do not know exactly what they called themselves Ella - None of the Olmecs beliefs or customs were recorded, but there were some artifacts found in the area that indicated long trade routes that spread throughout many regions. Some of the artifacts such as jade and obsidian were evidence that the Olmec people traded with civilizations outside the Gulf Coast of Mexico. Ben - There were a few different early north and south american tribes and cultures such as the mayans. The Mayans were the only ones in early america who had a fully developed writing system. They used hieroglyphs and lived in southeast mexico, they kind of owned southeast mexico. Emma - From 3500 to 1700 BC the Caral civilization existed in was is now northern Peru. It was a complex society in which specialized and interconnected roles existed, though people disagree on whether or not it can be classified as a civilization due to the lack of evidence concerning political, economical, and religious systems. Audrey - The first humans to come to the Americas came 15-16,000 years ago.They are believed to have come from north-eastern Asia across the Bering Strait during the last glaciation period when the sea level was low enough for the Bering Land Bridge. Skylar - the first people that came to north and south america somewhere between 15,000 and 16,000 years ago. They believe the first people were in Florida 14,500 years ago. The Mississippian culture was a north american culture. The mississippi river is named after them. Their famous city was Cahokia and it is around modern day St. Louis. - Ethan - There was a race of people called the Chavin and their culture was centered around a big temple in Chavin de Huantar. Their government system was most likely based off of a hierarchy, while sticking to religion. The Chavin was founded in the northern Andean highlands in Peru. Their civilization was founded in between 900 and 250 BC, which was about to the time period of 1000 years after the collapse of the Caral. The Chavin were located in the Mosna River Valley, in which the Mosna and Huachesa rivers meet. Hunter- cant find nothin!!!!!!! 600 BCE Human innovation and the environment Gabe - We were nomadic people so we started to farm and start agriculture and build small villages probably making us have more food for more population and basically we started staying in one spot and we started to have tribes and the others started doing this. Ella - One thing that separates humans from animals is our ability to learn and teach efficiently and effectively. We are able to pass down the information and skills we learned to the next generation a lot better than other species can. This is because of our specific and strong communication techniques we've developed like language and writing. Skylar - Before the Neolithic era people had to hunt for food. They would walk short or long distances to find food if there was nothing oblivious to kill for food. Most people were what are called hunter gatherers. They did not consume as much calories as pastoral people. This was called Paleolithic era and the beginning of the mesolithic era. The main thing that happened in the Neolithic era was agriculture. Agriculture was a huge deal, most would say one of the best things that happened in human history. It changed people’s lifestyle and diet. They could now raise crops and/or animals. Move most anywhere they wanted. They then had time to figure out a way to write out the things they were learning. Ben - Over all this time and seeing these things it’s interesting to realize that these people were skilled and could create art and sculptures, writing and speech. One of the most helpful human skills is collective learning, where most information can be passed on to more people in such a way to make the potential knowledge of collective humanity nearly infinite. Emma - The development of written language had a huge impact on the development of human civilizations. Learning from the past, beyond what current generations could recall, began to change societies. For example, it allowed agriculture to develop because newer generations could learn what did and didn’t work in the past. Political records also influenced and changed developing political systems. Audrey - The Aboriginal Australians, Aboriginal meaning from the beginning, would have controlled fires that would clear the forests to make the area more suitable for grassland. The grassland would provide an area for animals they could easily hunt and live off of. - Ethan - Innovation mainly began with stone tools that allowed humans to do simple tasks even easier. These tools that helped early humans hunt consisted mainly of spears and knives but very primitive. Like very poorly sharpened edges, but enough to get the job done. Farming tools would mainly consist of what today would be related to a hoe. Hunter- A type of farming used by the Aboriginal Australians was firestick farming, when they would conduct said farming they would start what are called ‘controlled burns’ they were not new to this and knew which seasons to do this in. Like in Spring or Autumn when there was a certain amount of moisture in the air to control the fires and this did more than just give the natives a better landscape but to also help prevent large scale fires and allow kangaroo to graze there for them to eat. That’s all the time we have for today. THank for joining us out of the box that is learning
srijan talk 20171022 0053: Collapse of Harappa and Southern India Coming aliv.mp3
LINKS CONTACT: podcast@worldorganicnews.com More Trees Less Assholes http://moretreeslessassholes.org The Harappa https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harappa Deforestation https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deforestation **** This is the World Organic News for the week ending 11th of September 2017. Jon Moore reporting! We begin this week with a quote from a Facebook post I saw. Quote: The forests are screaming and few are the people who listen to their cries. End quote. That's from the Facebook page More Trees Less Assholes. A link is in the show notes. It could be, of course, be that many are unaware that they can even listen. As a species we are rapidly approaching the point where more people will be living in urban agglomerations than in rural settings. For a species with an arboreal heritage, that relied upon wood as the primary fuel source and who obtained a large proportion of its food from trees, this is a major change in living arrangements. Trees are, as we all know, the lungs of the world. Especially so when in contiguous forests. The synergy of a forest is remarkable. From the edges where the number of eco-niches is exponentially larger than deeper within the forest to the communities of animals living amongst the trees to the biota within the soil, forests have a balancing effect. Sinks for carbon dioxide, they return oxygen as part of the ecosystem. In massed formations they mitigate the speed of water run off in high rainfall events. This is a thing we humans have failed to see, basically, since we started living in sedentary communities. This is an oft repeated story. After the arrival of agriculture, (and how that started is whole other podcast) a culture establishes itself in a fertile river valley. The annual crops provide abundance. Usually during a prolonged period of good rainfall. The population grows, slowly at first and then exponentially. As the population grows, the pressure on the tree cover of the valley sides grows too. More trees are cut down to provide fuel for heating and cooking, the food supply extends into more marginal land as the tree cover is removed. You can see where this might be headed. Eventually there are no trees left for fuel within the valley. The neighbouring areas are accessed for fuel. With the removal of the tree cover from the hill sides, the incidence of mudslides, soil erosion and flooding increases. A point is reached where the soil loss is so great food production suffers, flooding increases and Nature then throws into the mix a prolonged drought. The drought is probably linked, in some way to the removal of tree cover and the huge amounts of water vapour a forest produces being lost to the local microclimate. There are any number of civilisations which have come and gone through this pattern. The Harappa culture is a good example. Link in the show notes. Another example from the nineteenth century occurred along the Mississippi River. And I quote for the Wikipedia page Deforestation: Quote: In the 19th century, introduction of steamboats in the United States was the cause of deforestation of banks of major rivers, such as the Mississippi River, with increased and more severe flooding one of the environmental results. The steamboat crews cut wood every day from the riverbanks to fuel the steam engines. Between St. Louis and the confluence with the Ohio River to the south, the Mississippi became more wide and shallow, and changed its channel laterally. Attempts to improve navigation by the use of snag pullers often resulted in crews' clearing large trees 100 to 200 feet (61 m) back from the banks. Several French colonial towns of the Illinois Country, such as Kaskaskia, Cahokia and St. Philippe, Illinois were flooded and abandoned in the late 19th century, with a loss to the cultural record of their archeology.[97] End Quote Nowadays we can overcome the effect of soil loss in one area by shipping food, primarily grains, around the world. But, and this is a big but, eventually we will be without sufficient tree cover if we are not careful. The rate of deforestation has slowed which is a good thing but that’s little different from saying, I’m losing blood at a slower rate so I should live 7 more minutes and not 3 after an accident. And now to the quote I started with: The forests are screaming and few are the people who listen to their cries. To fully understand a forest and all it offers requires a change of perspective. The screaming can, indeed, be heard if only we listen. If we see a forest as x cubic meters of timber or space for y head of cattle we miss the point. Bare with me as I introduce to some listeners a new concept: shinrin yoku. This is a Japanese term often translated as “Forest Bathing.” The idea is a person wanders into a forest space, sits and listens. Allowing the sounds, the breezes and the impressions of the forest to gently encompass them. It is diametrically opposed to “bushwalking” with its emphasis on getting to a point, a peak, a lookout, a stream and then coming back. I will admit “Forest Bathing” sounds a little, “remember to wear flowers in your hair.” but I can confirm it is a practice with much to recommend it. Instead of charging across the landscape, climbing peaks and “conquering” in air quotes, the landscape, this practice, as I have discovered it, is far more about become a part of the forest. Whilst sitting, bathing is not too strong a word, within the arboreal embrace, I have seen many a bird come within arms reach, felt changes in temperature as breezes wafted by and on a number of occasions had macropods hop by without seemingly to see me some few feet away from them. Both wallabies and kangaroos, from juveniles to fully grown adults. I have “felt/heard/perceived” older trees telling me their time was close, I have had great stresses lifted by simply sitting with giant eucalypts and angophora. I think we are the poorer for destroying these vast reservoirs of interconnected lives. I understand the imperative to feed people but we already grow sufficient food to feed everyone on the planet. Hunger is largely a matter of political will and transport. For that matter continued deforestation is largely a matter of political will and lobbyist donations. Losing the forest cover of the world will lead to tipping points in climate on their own. With so much removed since the advent of the steam engine and so little being replanted we are with a much reduced ally in the fight against climate change. Whilst we remove mangroves for housing, Amazonian rainforest for cattle and soybean production, whilst we clear hillsides for wood chips, we are removing a ballast from the climate systems which would be mitigating the weather effects we currently observe. Trees are, after all, large lumps of carbon dioxide in a form modified by life forces. Hurricanes, cyclones, typhoons are all powerful weather events. Forestry on land and mangroves on the coast mitigate their effects. Mangroves absorbing tidal surges and forests reducing the speed of water runoff. We are the poorer for forest losses, they are screaming for our attention, we need to take action, probably 50 years ago but we need to take action today. There are things we can do. Moving from trees for paper, housing and fuel to hemp for these products will have two effects. More trees, that’s a win! Better control of soil erosion given the massive root systems of hemp, that’s another win. A more productive system. Clearly hemp needs to be part of a rotation system of cropping, simply growing a monoculture of hemp will only attract pests and diseases, we are in a natural system called life on this planet. The rules are simple. Diversity brings a greater level of protection when compared to monocultures. The danger is the large immediate returns in the first few years of monocultural production. Once trapped into those returns, especially when accompanied with debt, leads to pesticides, herbicides and fertilisers to maintain the “magical” returns. These cost soil over time and then water quality. This should all sound familiar as it’s the same trap we’ve fallen into with cereals, pine plantations and fish farming. We can change the current paradigm, indeed we must. If this decade’s weather has told us anything, it has screamed that we need to change. If we do not lead this change, if we do not heed the screaming of the forests, we will have change imposed upon us. As new points of equilibrium in ecosystems across the planet establish themselves, we may just find there is less space for our species and that would be a shame. Vile, despicable, violent as we can be so too can we produce poetry, music, harmony and love. I think I would miss us if we somehow managed to destroy ourselves. And on that note, I’ll call stumps on this week’s episode. If you’ve liked what you heard, please tell everyone you know any way you can! I’d also really appreciate a review on iTunes. This may or may not help others to find us but it gives this podcaster an enormous thrill! Thanks in advance! Any suggestions, feedback or criticisms of the podcast or blog are most welcome. email me at podcast@worldorganicnews.com. Thank you for listening and I'll be back in a week. **** LINKS CONTACT: podcast@worldorganicnews.com More Trees Less Assholes http://moretreeslessassholes.org The Harappa https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harappa Deforestation https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deforestation
In today's episode Brandon Huebner shifts his focus east and looks at the earliest identifiable civilization on the Indian subcontinent. The Harappan people were known to have had contacts with Egypt and Mesopotamia. Harappan artifacts that have been discovered in both places. This programme also looks at the characteristics of the Erythraean Sea (Arabian Sea) and examines how the monsoons helped connect the civilizations of the near east in antiquity. Other items include the so-called 'dockyard' at Lothal and a few boat depictions from the ancient Harappans.
In today's episode we shift our focus east and look at the earliest identifiable civilization on the Indian subcontinent. The Harappan people were known to have had contacts with Egypt and Mesopotamia thanks to Harappan artifacts that have been discovered in those places. Sadly, there is very little evidence of maritime activity on the part of the Harappans, even though we know they were active to some extent. We'll also look at the characteristics of the Erythraean Sea (Arabian Sea) and see how the monsoons helped connect the civilizations of the near east in antiquity. Other items include the so-called 'dockyard' at Lothal and a few boat depictions from the ancient Harappans. Show Notes Support the Podcast
SynTalk thinks about the role of geography, ecology, biology & human behaviour behind history (both facts & principles). Did environmentally destructed land (like grasslands) lead to invasions? We discuss diverse phenomena such as invasions, climactic changes, agriculture, and burial rituals. Is genetics shaping and changing our collective perception of the past, and is there synchronicity in evolution? The concepts are derived off / from biology (Founder Effect, human genome sequence, single locus polymorphism, dispersal), history (Aryanisation), archaeology (Acheulean, Quaternary, Harappa, Chinese oracle bones), mythology (Vishnu Puranas, Kartikeya), geology (tectonic shift, Lonar Lake, ice-age) & ecology (Tundra, co-adaption), among others. Could the burial of a dead body have changed history and lead to the birth of art? What happened ~200,000 years ago, & how did modern humans evolve ~40,000 years ago? Why does mythology posit something impossible and then we try and make sense of it? We marvel at the link between cows, mango leaves, vitamin B, Indian yellow, ‘Pitambara’, frescoes, & heritage. How does some tribal marriage ritual involve ‘sunglasses’? Why don’t all modern humans produce art? The SynTalkrs are: Prof. Sheila Mishra (archaeology, Deccan College, Pune), Aman Nath (history, architecture, restoration, art, Neemrana Hotels, New Delhi), Anupam Sah (heritage conservation, CSMVS Museum Art Conservation Centre, Mumbai) & Prof. Milind Watve (evolutionary biology, IISER, Pune)
En el programa de esta semana de Ágora Historia en Gestiona Radio, tendremos los siguientes contenidos: - En la primera parte del programa, David Benito entrevistará a los arqueólogos españoles Francisco José Martín Valentín y Teresa Bedman, directores del Proyecto Visir Amen-Hotep Huy. Nos hablarán sobre el hallazgo de una tumba en el sur de Egipto que abre la puerta a la reinterpretación de la cronología faraónica, pues podría demostrar que Amenhotep III. y su hijo Amenhotep IV conocido como Akenatón, reinaron juntos. - Descubriremos la Cultura del valle del Indo, civilización de la Edad del Bronce que se desarrolló desde 3300 a.C. hasta 1300 a.C. en el noroeste del subcontinente indio a lo largo del valle del Indo. Abarcaba cerca de un centenar de asentamientos y dos ciudades importantes: Harappa y Mohenjo-Daro. En conjunto comprendía el área más extensa de todas las civilizaciones antiguas, más de un millón de kilómetros cuadrados, y atravesó varias periodos, siendo su máximo esplendor entre 2600 a.C. y 1900 a.C. - Javier Arias Artacho autor del libro "El general maldito" de La esfera de los libros nos habla sobre su novela. Vespasiano es nombrado emperador y su hijo Tito será el encargado de finalizar la guerra de Judea y de destruir Jerusalén en el año 70 d.C. - Conoceremos las principales noticias acaecidas en torno a la Historia, de la mano de David Benito y Gema García Ruipérez.
This week's programmes in the history of the world looks at the growing sophistication of humans around the globe, between 5000 and 2000 BC. Mesopotamia had created the royal city of Ur, the Indus valley boasted the city of Harappa and the great early civilisation of Egypt was beginning to spread along the Nile. New trade links were being forged and new forms of leadership and power were created. And, to cope with the increasing sophistication of trade and commerce, humans had invented writing. In today's programme, Neil MacGregor describes a small clay tablet that was made in Mesopotamia about 5000 years ago and is covered with sums and writing about local beer rationing. The philosopher John Searle describes what the invention of writing does for the human mind and Britain's top civil servant, Gus O'Donnell, considers the tablet as an example of possibly the earliest bureaucracy
This week's programmes in the history of the world look at the growing sophistication of modern humans around the globe between 5000 and 2000 BC. Mesopotamia had built the royal city of Ur, the Indus valley boasted the city of Harappa, and the great early civilisation of Egypt was beginning to spread along the Nile. In Britain life was much simpler, although trade links with Europe were well established. In today's programme, Neil Macgregor tells the story of a beautiful piece of jade, shaped into an axe head. It is about 6000 years old and was discovered near Canterbury in Kent but was made in the high Alps. Neil MacGregor tells the story of how this object may have been used and traded and how its source was cunningly traced to the heart of Europe
The ancient city of Harappa lies around 150 miles north of Lahore in Pakistan. It was once one of the great centres of a civilisation that has largely disappeared, one with vast trade connections and boasting several of the world's first cities. At a time when another great civilisation was being forged along the banks of the river Nile in Egypt, Neil MacGregor investigates this much less well-known civilisation on the banks of the Indus Valley. He introduces us to a series of little stone seals that are four-and-a-half thousand years old, covered in carved images of animals and probably used in trade. The civilisation built over 100 cities, some with sophisticated sanitation systems, big scale architecture and even designed around a modern grid layout. The great modern architect Sir Richard Rogers considers the urban planning of the Indus Valley, while the historian Nayanjot Lahiri looks at how this lost civilisation is remembered - by both modern India and Pakistan.
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